Kohler M12, M8, M16 User Manual

MAGNUM 8,12,16 HP

HORIZONTAL CRANKSHAFT

OWNER'S MANUAL

Congratulations  You have selected a fine four-cycle, single cylinder, air-cooled engine. Kohler designs long life strength and on-the-job durability into each enginemaking a Kohler engine dependabledependability you can count on. Here are some reasons why:

 Kohler engines are easy to service. All routine service areas (like the dipstick and oil fill, air cleaner, spark

plug, and carburetor) are easily and quickly accessible.

 Parts subject to the most wear and tear (like the cylinder, crankshaft, and camshaft) are made from

precision formulated cast iron. Because the cast iron cylinder can be rebored, these engines can last even longer.

 Dependable, maintenance-free electronic ignition system ensures fast, easy starts time after time.

 Every Kohler engine is backed by a worldwide network of over 10,000 distributors and dealers. Service

support is just a phone call away. Call 1-800-544-2444 (U.S. & Canada) for Sales & Service assistance.

To keep your engine in top operating condition, follow the maintenance procedures in this manual.

Safety Precautions

To insure safe operations please read the following statements and understand their meaning. Also refer to your equipment owner's manual for other important safety information. This manual contains safety precautions which are explained below. Please read carefully.

WARNING

Warning is used to indicate the presence of a hazard that can cause severe personal injury, death, or substantial property damage if the warning is ignored.

CAUTION

Caution is used to indicate the presence of a hazard that will or can cause minor personal injury or property damage if the caution is ignored.

NOTE

Note is used to notify people of installation, operation, or maintenance information that is important but not hazard-related.

For Your Safety!

These precautions should be followed at all times. Failure to follow these precautions could result in injury to yourself and others.

Explosive Fuel can cause fires and severe burns.

Stop engine before filling fuel tank.

Explosive Fuel!

Gasoline is extremely flammable and its vapors can explode if ignited. Store gasoline only in approved containers, in well ventilated, unoccupied buildings, away from sparks or flames. Do not fill the fuel tank while the engine is hot or running, since spilled fuel could ignite if it comes in contact with hot parts or sparks from ignition. Do not start the engine near spilled fuel. Never use gasoline as a cleaning agent.

WARNINGWARNING

Rotating Parts can cause severe injury.

Stay away while engine is in operation.

Rotating Parts!

Keep hands, feet, hair, and clothing away from all moving parts to prevent injury. Never operate the engine with covers, shrouds, or guards removed.

CAUTION

Electrical Shock can cause injury.

Do not touch wires while engine is running.

WARNING

Hot Parts can cause severe burns.

Do not touch engine while operating or just after stopping.

Hot Parts!

Engine components can get extremely hot from operation. To prevent severe burns, do not touch these areas while the engine is running, or immediately after it is turned off. Never operate the engine with heat shields or guards removed.

California

Proposition 65 Warning

Engine exhaust from this product contains chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm.

Electrical Shock!

Never touch electrical wires or components while the engine is running. They can be sources of electrical shock.

Safety Precautions (Cont.)

WARNING

Accidental Starts can cause severe injury or death.

Disconnect and ground spark plug lead before servicing.

Accidental Starts!

Disabling engine. Accidental starting can cause severe injury or death. Before working on the engine or equipment, disable the engine as follows: 1) Disconnect the spark plug lead(s). 2) Disconnect negative (-) battery cable from battery.

WARNING

Carbon Monoxide can cause severe nausea, fainting or death.

Do not operate engine in closed or confined area.

Lethal Exhaust Gases!

Engine exhaust gases contain poisonous carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is odorless, colorless, and can cause death if inhaled. Avoid inhaling exhaust fumes, and never run the engine in a closed building or confined area.

WARNING

Explosive Gas can cause fires and severe acid burns.

Charge battery only in a well ventilated area. Keep sources of ignition away.

Explosive Gas!

Batteries produce explosive hydrogen gas while being charged. To prevent a fire or explosion, charge batteries only in well ventilated areas. Keep sparks, open flames, and other sources of ignition away from the battery at all times. Keep batteries out of the reach of children. Remove all jewelry when servicing batteries.

Before disconnecting the negative (-) ground cable, make sure all switches are OFF. If ON, a spark will occur at the ground cable terminal which could cause an explosion if hydrogen gas or gasoline vapors are present.

Identification Plate

Blower Housing

(Under Air Cleaner Cover)

Choke Control

Throttle Control

Figure 1. Typical Model M8 Engine.

Fuel Tank

Air Intake Screen

Retractable Starter

Dipstick & Oil Fill

Fuel Filter

Electric Starter

Cooling Fins

Oil Sump

Spark Plug

Muffler

Air Cleaner

Oil Drain

Oil Recommendations

Using the proper type and weight of oil in the crankcase is extremely important. So is checking oil daily and changing oil regularly. Failure to use the correct oil, or using dirty oil, causes premature engine wear and failure.

Before each start, make sure the crankcase is filled with the proper type and quantity of oil.

Oil Type

Use high quality detergent oil of API (American Petroleum Institute) service class SG, SH, SJ or higher. Select the viscosity based on the air

temperature at the time of operation as shown in the following table.

Refer to Maintenance Instructions beginning on page 7 for detailed oil check and oil change procedures.

Fuel Recommendations

WARNING: Explosive Fuel!

General Recommendations

Purchase gasoline in small quantities and store in clean, approved containers. A container with a capacity of 2 gallons or less, with a pouring spout, is recommended. Such a container is easier to handle and helps eliminate spillage during refueling.

Do not use gasoline left over from the previous season, to minimize gum deposits in your fuel system and to insure easy starting.

*Use of synthetic oil having 5W-20 or 5W-30 rating is acceptable, up to 40°F. **Synthetic oils provide better starting in extreme cold (below -10°F).

Figure 2. Viscosity Grades Table.

Straight 30-weight oil is preferred. SAE 10W-30 oil is

not recommended above 32°F. Using this oil substantially increases oil consumption and combustion chamber deposits.

NOTE: Using other than service class SG, SH, SJ or

higher oil or extending oil change intervals longer than recommended can cause engine damage which is not covered by the engine warranty.

A logo or symbol on oil containers identifies the API service class and SAE viscosity grade. See Figure 3.

Do not add oil to the gasoline.

Do not overfill the fuel tank. Leave room for the fuel to expand.

Fuel Type

For best results use only clean, fresh, unleaded gasoline with a pump sticker octane rating of 87 or higher. In countries using the Research method, it should be 90 octane minimum.

Unleaded gasoline is recommended as it leaves less combustion chamber deposits. Leaded gasoline may be used in areas where unleaded is not available and exhaust emissions are not regulated. Be aware however, that the cylinder head will require more frequent service.

Gasoline/Alcohol blends

Gasohol (up to 10% ethyl alcohol, 90% unleaded gasoline by volume) is approved as a fuel for Kohler engines. Other gasoline/alcohol blends are not approved.

Figure 3. Oil Container Logo.

Gasoline/Ether blends

Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) and unleaded gasoline blends (up to a maximum of 15% MTBE by volume) are approved as a fuel for Kohler engines. Other gasoline/ether blends are not approved.

Engine Identification Numbers

When ordering parts, or in any communication involving an engine, always give the Model, Specification, and Serial Numbers of the engine.

The engine identification numbers appear on a decal affixed to the engine shrouding. Include letter suffixes, if there are any.

Record your engine identification numbers on the identification label below (Figure 4) for future reference.

IMPORTANT ENGINE INFORMATION THIS ENGINE MEETS U.S. EPA 2004 AND CALIFORNIA 2006 AND LATER EMISSION CONTROL REGULATIONS FOR SI SORE*

FAMILY DISPL. (CC) MODEL NO. SPEC. NO. SERIAL NO.

EMISSION COMPLIANCE PERIOD: EPA: CARB:

THIS ENGINE IS CERTIFIED TO OPERATE ON:

REFER TO OWNER'S MANUAL FOR SAFETY, MAINTENANCE SPECS AND ADJUSTMENTS.

FOR SALES/SERVICE IN US/CANADA, CALL:

KOHLER CO. KOHLER, WISCONSIN USA

1-800-544-2444

www.kohlerengines.com

*Small Off-Road Engines

Figure 4. Engine Identification Label.

The Emission Compliance Period referred to on the Emission Control or Air Index label indicates the number of operating hours for which the engine has been shown to meet Federal and CARB emission requirements. The following table provides the Engine Compliance Period (in hours) associated with the category descriptor found on the certification label.

Emission Compliance Period (Hours)

EPA

Category C 250 hours

Category B 500 hours

N11236

Category A 1000 hours

Operating Instructions

Also read the operating instructions of the equipment this engine powers.

Pre-Start Checklist

 Check oil level. Add oil if low. Do not overfill.

 Check fuel level. Add fuel if low.

 Check cooling air intake areas and external

surfaces of engine. Make sure they are clean and unobstructed.

 Check that the air cleaner components and all

shrouds, equipment covers, and guards are in place and securely fastened.

 Check that any clutches or transmissions are

disengaged or placed in neutral. This is especially important on equipment with hydrostatic drive. The shift lever must be exactly in neutral to prevent resistance which could keep the engine from starting.

WARNING: Lethal Exhaust Gases!

Cold Weather Starting Hints

1. Be sure to use the proper oil for the temperature expected. See Figure 2 on page 4.

2. Declutch all possible external loads.

3. A warm battery has much more starting capacity than a cold battery.

4. Use fresh winter grade fuel. NOTE: Winter grade gasoline has higher volatility to improve starting. Do not use gasoline left over from summer.

CARB

Moderate 125 hours

Intermediate 250 hours

Extended 500 hours

Refer to certification label for engine displacement.

Exhaust Emission Control System for models M8, M12, and M16 is EM.

Starting

1. For a Cold Engine  Place the throttle control midway between the slow and fast

positions. Place the choke control into the on position.

For a Warm Engine (normal operating temperatures)  Place the throttle control midway between the slow and fast

positions. For non-certified engines, place the choke into the off position. For certified engines, place the choke in the on position.

2. Start the engine as follows:

For Rope Start Engines  Place the starting rope knot in the slot in starting pulley. Wrap the rope around the pulley. Pull the starter handle with a smooth, steady motion.

For a Retractable Start Engine  SLOWLY pull the starter handle until just past compression  STOP! Return starter handle, pull firmly with a smooth, steady motion to start. Pull the handle straight out to avoid excessive rope wear from the starter rope guide.

Extend the starting rope periodically and check its condition. If the rope is frayed, have it replaced immediately by your Kohler Engine Service Dealer.

WARNING: Accidental Starts!

Before extending and checking the retractable starter rope, remove the spark plug lead to prevent the engine from starting accidentally. Ground the lead to prevent sparks that could cause fires. Make sure the equipment is in neutral.

For an Electric Start Engine  Activate the starter switch. Release the switch as soon as the engine starts.

If the starter does not turn the engine over, shut off starter immediately. Do not make further attempts to start the engine until the condition is corrected. Do not jump start using another battery (refer to Battery below). See your Kohler Engine Service Dealer for trouble analysis.

3. For a Cold Engine  Gradually return the choke control to the off position after the engine starts and warms ups. The engine/equipment may be operated during the warm-up period, but it may be necessary to leave the choke partially on until the engine warms up.

4. For a Warm, Certified Engine  Return the choke to the off position as soon as the engine starts.

Stopping

1. Remove the load by disengaging all PTO attachments.

2. Place the throttle control in the idle position. Allow the engine to run at idle for 30-60 seconds.

3. Move the throttle control to the stop position. On engines equipped with a key switch, turn switch to stop or off position.

Battery

A 12 volt battery is normally used. Refer to the operating instructions of the equipment this engine powers for specific battery requirements.

If the battery charge is not sufficient to crank the engine, recharge the battery (see page 10).

Operating

Optional spark arrestor mufflers are available from your Kohler Engine Service Dealer. Check your local laws and statutes regarding engine spark arrestor muffler requirements.

NOTE: Do not crank the engine continuously for

more than 10 seconds at a time. If the engine does not start, allow a 60 second cool down period between starting attempts. Failure to follow these guidelines can burn out the starter motor.

NOTE: If the engine develops sufficient speed to

disengage the starter but does not keep running (a false start), engine rotation must be allowed to come to a complete stop before attempting to restart the engine. If the starter is engaged while the flywheel is rotating, the starter pinion and flywheel ring gear may clash, resulting in damage to the starter.

Angle of Operation

This engine will operate continuously at angles up to 30°. Check oil level to assure crankcase oil level is at the F mark.

Refer to the operating instructions of the equipment this engine powers. Because of equipment design or application, there may be more stringent restrictions regarding the angle of operation.

NOTE: Do not operate this engine continuously at

angles exceeding 30° in any direction. Engine damage could result from insufficient lubrication.

Cooling

NOTE: If debris builds up on the grass screen or

other cooling air intake areas, stop the engine immediately and clean. Operating the engine with blocked or dirty air intake and cooling

Engine Speed

NOTE: Do not tamper with the governor setting to

increase the maximum engine speed. Overspeed is hazardous and will void the

engine warranty. areas can cause extensive damage due to overheating.

WARNING: Rope Starting Pulley is Not

a Drive Pulley!

WARNING: Hot Parts!

Engine components can get extremely hot from operation. To prevent severe burns, do not touch these

Do not use rope starting pulley as a drive pulley. Using starting pulley as a drive could loosen flywheel

fastener, resulting in bodily harm. areas while the engine is running, or immediately after it is turned off. Never operate the engine with heat shields or guards removed.

Maintenance Instructions

Maintenance, repair, or replacement of the emission control devices and systems, which are being done at the customers expense, may be performed by any non-road engine repair establishment or individual. Warranty repairs must be performed by an authorized Kohler service outlet.

WARNING: Accidental Starts!

Maintenance Schedule

These required maintenance procedures should be performed at the frequency stated in the table. They should also be included as part of any seasonal tune-up.

Frequency

Daily or Before

Starting Engine

Every 25 Hours

Every 50 Hours

Every 100 Hours

Every 200 Hours

Annually or

Every 500 Hours

Perform these maintenance procedures more frequently under extremely dusty, dirty conditions.

Have a Kohler Engine Service Dealer perform this service.

Or annually, whichever occurs first.

250 hours when leaded gasoline is used.

Maintenance Required

 Fill fuel tank.  Check oil level.  Check air cleaner for dirty1, loose, or damaged parts.  Check air intake and cooling areas, clean as necessary1.

 Change oil1.  Service precleaner element1.

 Check gear reduction unit.  Remove cooling shrouds and clean cooling areas1.

 Replace air cleaner element1.  Check spark plug condition and gap.  Have bendix starter drive serviced

2,3

.  Have optional Oil Sentry switch checked2.  Have valve and tappet clearance checked2.  Have cylinder head serviced

2,4

Check Oil Level

The importance of checking and maintaining the proper oil level in the crankcase cannot be overemphasized. Check oil BEFORE EACH USE as follows:

Change Oil

For a new engine, change oil after the first 5 hours of operation. Thereafter, change oil after every 25 hours of operation.

1. Make sure the engine is stopped, level, and is cool so the oil has had time to drain into the sump.

2. To keep dirt, grass clippings, etc., out of the engine, clean the area around the oil fill cap/ dipstick before removing it.

3. Remove the oil fill cap/dipstick and push it all the way down into tube. Remove dipstick and check the level.

4. If the level is low, add oil of the proper type, up to the F mark on the dipstick. (Refer to Oil Type on page 4.) Always check the level with the dipstick before adding more oil.

NOTE: To prevent extensive engine wear or

damage, always maintain the proper oil level in the crankcase. Never operate the engine with the oil level below the L mark or over the F mark on the dipstick.

F Mark

Change the oil while the engine is still warm. The oil will flow freely and carry away more impurities. Make sure the engine is level when filling, checking, or changing the oil.

Change the oil as follows:

1. To keep dirt, grass clippings, etc., out of the engine, clean the area around the drain plug and dipstick before removing it.

2. Remove the oil drain plug and dipstick. Tilt the engine slightly towards the oil drain to obtain better drainage. Be sure to allow ample time for complete drainage.

3. Reinstall the drain plug. Make sure it is tightened securely.

4. Fill the crankcase, with new oil of the proper type, to the F mark on the dipstick. Refer to Oil Type on page 4. Always check the level with the dipstick before adding more oil.

5. Reinstall the oil fill cap or plug and tighten securely.

Operating

Range

Figure 5. Oil Level Dipstick.

Oil Sentry

Some engines are equipped with an optional Oil Sentry oil level switch. If the oil level drops below an acceptable level, the Oil Sentry will either shut off the engine or activate a warning signal, depending on the application.

NOTE: Make sure the oil level is checked BEFORE



EACH USE and is maintained up to the F mark on the dipstick. This includes engines equipped with Oil Sentry.

NOTE: To prevent extensive engine wear or

damage, always maintain the proper oil level in the crankcase. Never operate the engine with the oil level below the L mark or over the F mark on the dipstick.

Service Precleaner and Air Cleaner Element

This engine is equipped with a replaceable, high density paper air cleaner element. Most engines are also equipped with an oiled, foam precleaner which surrounds the paper element. See Figure 6.

Optional Precleaner

Paper Element Element Cover

Element Cover Nut

Air Cleaner Base

Figure 6. Air Cleaner Housing Components.

Check the air cleaner daily or before starting the engine. Check for a buildup of dirt and debris around the air cleaner system. Keep this area clean. Also check for loose or damaged components. Replace all bent or damaged air cleaner components.

NOTE: Operating the engine with loose or damaged

air cleaner components could allow unfiltered air into the engine causing premature wear and failure.

Service Precleaner

Wash and reoil the precleaner every 25 hours of operation, (more often under extremely dusty or dirty conditions).

1. Remove the wing nut and air cleaner cover.

2. Remove the precleaner from the paper element. It is not necessary to remove element cover or paper element.

3. Wash the precleaner in warm water with detergent. Rinse the precleaner thoroughly until all traces of detergent are eliminated. Squeeze out excess water (do not wring). Allow the precleaner to air dry.

4. Saturate the precleaner with new engine oil. Squeeze out all excess oil.

NOTE: Operating the engine with damaged or

loose components could allow unfiltered air into the engine causing premature wear and failure.

4. Reinstall the paper element, element cover and wing nut. Tighten the cover nut securely to be sure the element is sealed tightly against the element cover and base plate.

5. If so equipped, install the precleaner (washed and oiled) over paper element.

6. Install air cleaner cover and wing nut. Tighten wing nut until it is snug against cover. Do not overtighten.

7. When air cleaner element replacement is necessary always use genuine Kohler parts.

Clean Air Intake/Cooling Areas

To ensure proper cooling, make sure the grass screen, cooling fins, and other external surfaces of the engine are kept clean at all times.

Every 50 hours of operation (more often under extremely dusty, dirty conditions), remove the blower housing and other cooling shrouds. Clean the cooling fins and external surfaces as necessary. Make sure the cooling shrouds are reinstalled.

5. Reinstall the precleaner over the paper element.

6. When precleaner replacement is necessary always use genuine Kohler parts.

Service Paper Element

Every 100 hours of operation (more often under extremely dusty or dirty conditions), replace the paper element.

1. Remove the precleaner (if so equipped) element cover and paper element.

2. Do not wash the paper element or use pressurized air, as this will damage the element. Replace a dirty, bent, or damaged element with a genuine Kohler element. Handle new elements carefully; do not use if the sealing surfaces are bent or damaged.

3. When servicing the air cleaner, check the air cleaner base. Make sure it is secured and not bent or damaged. Also check the element cover, seals and breather tube for damage or improper fit. Replace all damaged air cleaner components.

NOTE: Operating the engine with a blocked grass

screen, dirty or plugged cooling fins, and/or cooling shrouds removed, will cause engine damage due to overheating.

Check Spark Plug

Every 200 hours of operation, remove the spark plug, check its condition, and reset the gap or replace with a new plug as necessary.

1. Before removing the spark plug, clean the area around the base of the plug to keep dirt and debris out of the engine.

2. Remove the plug and check its condition. Replace the plug if worn or reuse is questionable.

NOTE: Do not clean the spark plug in a machine

using abrasive grit. Some grit could remain in the spark plug and enter the engine causing extensive wear and damage.

3. Check gap (0.025") using a wire feeler gauge.

Adjust the gap as necessary by carefully bending the ground electrode. See Figure 7.

4. Reinstall the spark plug into the cylinder head.

Torque the spark plug to 18-22 ft. lb.

Wire Gauge

Spark Plug

Ground Electrode

Figure 7. Servicing Spark Plug.

0.025" Gap

Reduction Gear Units

On engines equipped with a reduction gear unit, remove the oil plug on lower part of cover every 50 hours of operation to check oil level. With the engine level, the oil level of the unit should be up to the bottom of the oil plug hole. To add oil, remove the vented plug at the top of the unit. Use the same weight and grade of oil as used in the engine crankcase.

Carburetor Troubleshooting and Adjustments

Kohler M8 - M16 engines are equipped with one of three types of carburetors; Kohler adjustable main jet, Walbro adjustable main jet, or Walbro fixed main jet. Emissions certified engines will have fixed jet carburetors. Walbro carburetors have the brand name embossed in the side of the body casting, near the top.

The carburetor is designed to deliver the correct fuel-to-air mixture to the engine under all operating conditions. The main fuel and idle fuel needles on adjustable jet carburetors are set at the factory and normally do not require further adjustment. On fixed jet carburetors, the low idle fuel needle is also set at the factory and normally does not need further adjustment. The main fuel jet is calibrated and installed at the factory and is not adjustable.

Battery Charging

WARNING: Explosive Gas!

On engines equipped with an alternator charging system, disconnect plug from rectifier-regulator prior to charging battery.

Fuel Filter

Some engines are equipped with an in-line fuel filter. Periodically inspect the filter and replace when dirty. Use a genuine Kohler filter.

Troubleshooting

If engine troubles are experienced that appear to be fuel system related, check the following areas before adjusting the carburetor.

 Make sure the fuel tank is filled with clean, fresh

gasoline.

 Make sure the fuel tank cap vent is not blocked

and that it is operating properly.

 If the fuel tank is equipped with a shut-off valve,

make sure it is open.

 If the engine is equipped with an in-line fuel filter,

make sure it is clean and unobstructed. Replace the filter if necessary.

 Make sure fuel is reaching the carburetor. This

includes checking the fuel lines and fuel pump for restrictions or faulty components, replace as necessary.

 Make sure the air cleaner element is clean and all

air cleaner element components are fastened securely.

If, after checking the items listed above, the engine is hard to start, runs roughly, or stalls at low idle speed, it may be necessary to adjust or service the carburetor.

Kohler Carburetor Adjustment

1. With the engine stopped, turn the fuel adjusting

needles in (clockwise) until they bottom lightly.

NOTE: The tip of the idle fuel and main fuel

adjusting needles are tapered to critical dimensions. Damage to the needles and the seats in carburetor body will result if the needles are forced.

2. Preliminary Settings: Turn the adjusting needles out (counterclockwise) from lightly bottomed as follows:

Kohler Adjustable Jet

Low Idle High Idle

M8 1-1/4 turns 2 turns M12 2-1/2 turns 2 turns M16 2-1/2 turns 3-1/2 turns

3. Start the engine and run at half throttle for 5 to 10 minutes to warm up. The engine must be warm before making final settings (steps 4-6).

4. Main Fuel Needle Setting: This adjustment is required for adjustable main jet carburetors only. If the carburetor is a fixed main jet type, refer to Walbro adjustment.

5. Low Idle Fuel Needle Setting: Place the throttle into the idle or slow position.

Use the same procedure used for the main fuel needle and set the adjusting needle midway between the rich and lean settings.

6. Low Idle Speed Setting: Place the throttle control into the idle or slow position. Set the low idle speed to 1200 RPM* (± 75 RPM) by turning the low idle speed adjusting screw in or out. Check the speed using a tachometer.

*NOTE: The actual low idle speed depends on the

application  refer to equipment manufacturer's recommendations. The recommended low idle speed for basic engines is 1200 RPM. To ensure best results when setting the low idle fuel needle, the low idle speed must not exceed 1500 RPM.

Walbro Carburetor Adjustment

In general, turning the adjusting needles in (clockwise) decreases the supply of fuel to the carburetor. This gives a leaner fuel-to-air mixture. Turning the adjusting needles out (counterclockwise) increases the supply of fuel to the carburetor.

Place the throttle into the fast position. If possible, place the engine under load.

Turn the main fuel adjusting needle out (counterclockwise) from the preliminary setting until the engine speed decreases (rich). Note the position of the needle.

Now turn the adjusting needle in (clockwise). The engine speed may increase, then it will decrease as the needle is turned in (lean). Note the position of the needle.

Set the adjusting needle midway between the rich and lean settings. See Figure 8.

Lean

Adjust to Midpoint

Rich

Carburetors on certified engines have a fixed (nonadjustable) main jet. In steps 1 and 2, perform only what pertains to the idle fuel needle. Skip step 4.

Low Idle Speed Adjusting Screw

Figure 9.

1. With the engine stopped, turn the adjusting needle(s) in (clockwise) until it bottoms lightly.

NOTE: The tips of the fuel adjusting needles are

tapered to critical dimensions. Damage to the needles and the seats in carburetor body will result if the needles are forced.

Low Idle Fuel Adjusting Needle

High Idle Fuel Adjusting Needle (Adj. Jet Carbs. Only)

Figure 8.

2. Preliminary Settings: Turn the adjusting needle(s) out (counterclockwise) from lightly bottomed as follows or to the rich side of adjustment.

Walbro Fixed Jet

Low Idle

M8 2-1/2 turns M12 1-1/4 turns M16 1 turn

5. Low Idle Fuel Needle Setting: Place the throttle into the idle or slow position.

Turn the adjusting needle in (clockwise). The engine speed may increase, then it will decrease as the needle is turned in (lean). Note the position of the needle.

Back the needle out approximately 1/8 to 1/4 turn. See Figure 11 for best low idle fuel performance.

Walbro Adjustable Jet

Low Idle Main Idle

M8 2-1/2 turns 3/4 turn M12 1-3/4 turns 1-1/8 turns M16 2 turns 7/8 turn

3. Start the engine and run at half throttle for five to ten minutes to warm up. The engine must be warm before making final settings.

4. Main Fuel Needle Setting: This adjustment is

required only for adjustable main jet carburetors. If the carburetor is a fixed main jet type, disregard this setting.

Place the throttle into the fast position.

Turn the adjusting needle in (clockwise). The engine speed may increase, then it will decrease as the needle is turned in (lean). Note the position of the needle. Back the needle out approximately 1/4 turn. See Figure 10 for best main fuel performance.

Back Out Approx. 1/4 Turn

Back Out Approx. 1/8 to 1/4 Turn

Lean Lean

Figure 11. Optimum Low Idle Fuel Setting.

6. Low Idle Speed Setting: Place the throttle control into the idle or slow position. Set the low idle speed to 1200 RPM* (± 75 RPM) by turning the low idle speed adjusting screw in or out. Check the speed using a tachometer.

*NOTE: The actual low idle speed depends on the

application. Refer to the equipment manufacturer's instructions for specific low idle speed settings. To ensure best results when setting the low idle fuel needle, the low idle speed must not exceed 1500 RPM.

Lean

Figure 10. Optimum Main Fuel Setting.

Troubleshooting

When troubles occur, be sure to check the simple causes which, at first, may seem to obvious to be considered. For example, a starting problem could be caused by an empty fuel tank. Some common causes of engine troubles are listed in the following table.

Do not attempt to service or replace major engine components, or any items that require special timing or adjustment procedures. Have your Kohler Engine Service Dealer do this work.

Possible Cause No Improper Dirt In Dirty Incorrect Engine Dirty Air Faulty Problem Fuel Fuel Fuel Line Grass Screen Oil Level Overloaded Cleaner Spark Plug

Will Not Start       Hard Starting     

Stops Suddenly   Lacks Power    

Operates Erratically    Knocks or Pings   

Skips or Misfires   Backfires 

Overheats     High Fuel Consumption 

Storage

If the engine will be out of service for two months or more, use the following storage procedure:

1. Clean the exterior surfaces of the engine.

2. Change the oil and filter while the engine is still warm from operation. See Change Oil on page 8.

3. Change oil in reduction gear unit, if so equipped. Refill with the same oil as used in engine crankcase for season of operation. See page 10.

4. The fuel system must be completely emptied, or the gasoline must be treated with a stabilizer to prevent deterioration. If you choose to use a stabilizer, follow the manufacturers recommendations, and add the correct amount for the capacity of the fuel system. Fill the fuel tank with clean, fresh gasoline. Run the engine for 2-3 minutes to get stabilized fuel into the carburetor.

To empty the system, run the engine until the fuel tank and system are empty.

5. Remove the spark plug. Add one tablespoon of engine oil into the spark plug hole. Install the plug, but do not connect the plug lead. Crank the engine two or three revolutions.

6. Remove the spark plug. Cover the spark plug hole with your thumb, and turn the engine over until the piston is at the top of its stroke. (Pressure against thumb is greatest.) Reinstall the plug, but do not connect the plug lead.

7. Store the engine in a clean, dry place.

Parts Ordering

The engine Specification, Model, and Serial Numbers are required when ordering replacement parts from your Kohler Engine Service Dealer. These numbers are found on the identification plate which is affixed to the engine shrouding. Include letter suffixes if there are any. See Engine Identification Numbers on page 5.

Always insist on genuine Kohler parts. All genuine Kohler parts meet strict standards for fit, reliability, and performance.

Major Repair

Major repair information is available in Kohler Engine Service Manuals. However, major repair generally requires the attention of a trained mechanic and the

Model Designation

Model M8S for example: M designates Magnum engine, and 8 designates horsepower. The letter suffix

designates a specific version as follows: use of special tools and equipment. Your Kohler Engine Service Dealer has the facilities, training, and genuine Kohler replacement parts necessary to perform this service. For Sales & Service assistance call 1-800-544-2444 (U.S. & Canada) or contact your Kohler Engine Dealer or Service Distributor, they're in the Yellow Pages under Engines-Gasoline.

Suffix Designates

EP Generator Set

P Pump Application

(Threaded Crankshaft) R Gear Reduction S Electric Start T Retractable Start G Generator Application

(Tapered Crankshaft)

ST Electric with Retractable Start

Specifications

Model: .......................................................................... M8 ...................................... M12 ..................................... M16

Bore: ........................................... in. (mm).................. 2.94 (74.61) ....................... 3.38 (85.73) ........................ 3.75 (95.25)

Stroke: ......................................... in. (mm) .................. 2.75 (69.85) ....................... 3.25 (82.55) ........................ 3.25 (82.55)

Displacement: ............................. in3 (cm3) .................. 18.64 (305.4) ..................... 29.07 (476.5) ...................... 35.9 (588.2)

Power (@3600 RPM): ................. HP (kW).................. 8 (6.0) ................................ 12 (9.0) ............................... 16 (11.9)

Compression Ratio: ..................................................... 6.8:1 ................................... 6.6:1 .................................... 7.3:1

Weight:...........................................lb. (kg) .................. 71 (32.2) ............................ 129 (58.5) ........................... 129 (58.5)

Oil Capacity: ............................ U.S. qt. (L).................. 1 (0.95) .............................. 2 (1.90) ............................... 2.25 (2.13)

Spark Plug Type: ......Champion® or Equiv. .................. RCJ-8................................. RH-10 ................................. RH-10

Fuel Tank Capacity: .............. U.S. gal. (L).................. 1.25 (4.75) ......................... 1.5 (5.68) ............................ 1.5 (5.68)

Exhaust Emission Control System for models M8, M12, and M16 is EM.

LIMITED 2 YEAR MAGNUM ENGINE WARRANTY

We warrant to the original consumer that each new MAGNUM engine sold by us will be free from manufacturing defects in materials or workmanship in normal service for a period of two (2) years from date of purchase, provided it is operated and maintained in accordance with Kohler Co.s instructions and manuals.

Our obligation under this warranty is expressly limited, at our option, to the replacement or repair at Kohler Co., Kohler, Wisconsin 53044, or at a service facility designated by us, of such part or parts as inspection shall disclose to have been defective.

EXCLUSIONS: Mufflers on engines used commercially (non-residential) are warranted for one (1) year from date of purchase, except catalytic mufflers, which are warranted for two (2) years.

This warranty does not apply to defects caused by casualty or unreasonable use, including faulty repairs by others and failure to provide reasonable and necessary maintenance.

The following items are not covered by this warranty:

Engine accessories, such as fuel tanks, clutches, transmissions, power drive assemblies, and batteries, unless supplied or installed by Kohler Co. These are subject to the warranties, if any, of their manufacturers.

WE SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, including but not limited to labor costs or transportation charges in connection with the replacement or repair of defective parts.

ANY IMPLIED OR STATUTORY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE EXPRESSLY LIMITED TO THE DURATION OF THIS WRITTEN WARRANTY. We make no other express warranty, nor is anyone authorized to make any in our behalf.

Some states do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts, or the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you.

This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state.

TO OBTAIN WARRANTY SERVICE: Purchaser must bring the engine to an authorized Kohler service facility. For the facility nearest you, consult your Yellow Pages or write

Kohler Co., Attn: Engine Warranty Service Dept., Kohler, Wisconsin, 53044.

ENGINE DIVISION, KOHLER CO., KOHLER, WISCONSIN 53044

KOHLER CO.

FEDERAL AND CALIFORNIA EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS

LIMITED WARRANTY

SMALL OFF-ROAD ENGINES

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the California Air Resources Board (CARB), and Kohler Co. are pleased to explain the Federal and California Emission Control Systems Warranty on your small off-road equipment engine. For California, engines produced in 1995 and later must be designed, built and equipped to meet the states stringent anti-smog standards. In other states, 1997 and later model year engines must be designed, built and equipped, to meet the U.S. EPA regulations for small non-road engines. The engine must be free from defects in materials and workmanship which cause it to fail to conform with U.S. EPA standards for the first two years of engine use from the date of sale to the ultimate purchaser. Kohler Co. must warrant the emission control system on the engine for the period of time listed above, provided there has been no abuse, neglect or improper maintenance.

The emission control system may include parts such as the carburetor or fuel injection system, the ignition system, and catalytic converter. Also included are the hoses, belts and connectors and other emission related assemblies.

Where a warrantable condition exists, Kohler Co. will repair the engine at no cost, including diagnosis (if the diagnostic work is performed at an authorized dealer), parts and labor.

MANUFACTURERS WARRANTY COVERAGE

Engines produced in 1995 or later are warranted for two years in California. In other states, 1997 and later model year engines are warranted for two years. If any emission related part on the engine is defective, the part will be repaired or replaced by Kohler Co. free of charge.

OWNERS WARRANTY RESPONSIBILITIES

(a) The engine owner is responsible for the performance of the required maintenance listed in the owners manual. Kohler Co.

recommends that you retain all receipts covering maintenance on the engine, But Kohler Co. cannot deny warranty solely for the lack of receipts or for your failure to assure that all scheduled maintenance was performed.

(b) Be aware, however, that Kohler Co. may deny warranty coverage if the engine or a part has failed due to abuse, neglect, improper

maintenance or unapproved modifications.

1-800-544-2444, or access our website at: www.kohlerengines.com, for the names of the nearest service centers. The warranty repairs should be completed in a reasonable amount of time, not to exceed 30 days.

If you have any questions regarding warranty rights and responsibilities, you should contact Kohler Co. at 1-920-457-4441 and ask for an Engine Service representative.

COVERAGE

Kohler Co. warrants to the ultimate purchaser and each subsequent purchaser that the engine will be designed, built and equipped, at the time of sale, to meet all applicable regulations. Kohler Co. also warrants to the initial purchaser and each subsequent purchaser, that the engine is free from defects in materials and workmanship which cause the engine to fail to conform with applicable regulations for a period of two years.

Engines produced in 1995 or later are warranted for two years in California. For 1997 and later model years, EPA requires manufacturers to warrant engines for two years in all other states. These warranty periods will begin on the date the engine is purchased by the initial purchaser. If any emission related part on the engine is defective, the part will be replaced by Kohler Co. at no cost to the owner. Kohler Co. is liable for damages to other engine components caused by the failure of a warranted part still under warranty.

Kohler Co. shall remedy warranty defects at any authorized Kohler Co. engine dealer or warranty station. Warranty repair work done at an authorized dealer or warranty station shall be free of charge to the owner if such work determines that a warranted part is defective.

Listed below are the parts covered by the Federal and California Emission Control Systems Warranty. Some parts listed below may require scheduled maintenance and are warranted up to the first scheduled replacement point for that part. The warranted parts are:

 Oxygen sensor (if equipped)  Ignition module(s) with high tension lead  Intake manifold (if equipped)  Gaseous fuel regulator (if equipped)  Exhaust manifold (if equipped)  Electronic control unit (if equipped)  Catalytic muffler (if equipped)  Carburetor or fuel injection system  Fuel metering valve (if equipped)  Fuel lines (if equipped)  Spark advance module (if equipped)  Air filter, fuel filter, and spark plugs (only  Crankcase breather to first scheduled replacement point)

Continued on next page

LIMITATIONS

This Emission Control Systems Warranty shall not cover any of the following:

(a) repair or replacement required because of misuse or neglect, improper maintenance, repairs improperly performed or replacements

not conforming to Kohler Co. specifications that adversely affect performance and/or durability and alterations or modifications not recommended or approved in writing by Kohler Co.,

(b) replacement of parts and other services and adjustments necessary for required maintenance at and after the first scheduled

replacement point,

(d) diagnosis and inspection fees that do not result in eligible warranty service being performed, and

(e) any add-on or modified part, or malfunction of authorized parts due to the use of add-on or modified parts.

MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR REQUIREMENTS

The owner is responsible for the proper use and maintenance of the engine. Kohler Co. recommends that all receipts and records covering the performance of regular maintenance be retained in case questions arise. If the engine is resold during the warranty period, the maintenance records should be transferred to each subsequent owner. Kohler Co. reserves the right to deny warranty coverage if the engine has not been properly maintained; however, Kohler Co. may not deny warranty repairs solely because of the lack of repair maintenance or failure to keep maintenance records.

Normal maintenance, replacement or repair of emission control devices and systems may be performed by any repair establishment or individual; however, warranty repairs must be performed by a Kohler authorized service center. Any replacement part or service that is equivalent in performance and durability may be used in non-warranty maintenance or repairs, and shall not reduce the warranty obligations of the engine manufacturer.

FOR SALES AND SERVICE INFORMATION

IN U.S. AND CANADA, CALL

1-800-544-2444

ENGINE DIVISION, KOHLER CO., KOHLER, WISCONSIN 53044

FORM NO.: TP-2200-F ISSUED: 7/85 REVISED: 12/01 MAILED:

LITHO IN U.S.A.

Kohler M12, M8, M16 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual