Koden Electronics RB715L Users manual
RA40C/RA41C/RA42C
Marine Radar
Instruction Manual
1st Edition
•
Read this manual before using the
equipment.
Index
A
Adjustment
Distance............................... 75
Angle.................................... 75
Tuning .................................76
Antenna height.....................77
Automatic gain......................78
Automatic STC...................... 78
ALL PPI Screen ..............................64
ALL PPI/PPI Screen........................ 65
B
Bearing scale ................................. 26
Brightness..................................... 29
Brightness of Panel............... 29
Buzzer........................................... 71
C
Changing setting (CUSTOM)............68
Cont inual vari ab le range (VA R RNG) 38,50
Cou rse error (XTE)......................... 28
Cross cursor (+)..............................26
D
Display modes (MODE)...................38,52
E
EBL ............................................ 35,46
Bearing of EBL (EBL BRG)..... 71
Echo Menu.................................... 56
F
False echoe s.................................. 5
FL VRM, FL EBL ............................36,47
FTC ............................................33,57
G
Gain ............................................ 32,56
Guard zone (GZ)............................. 38,53
Guard zone mode (GZ MODE) 73
Guard zone level (GZ LVL)......73
H
Heading marker............................. 6
Heading Off (HDG OF F) ......... 38,49
Heading blink (HM FLSH)...... 71
Heading informatio n (H EAD) .. 28
Hold (HOLD) ..................................73
L
Language....................................... 73
M
Mark Line...................................... 51
Menu bar.......................................45
Man Over Board (MOB)................... 34
MOB Screen .................................. 65
Monitor operation (DISPLAY)........... 73
O
Off-center (OFF-C)..........................39,54
Option............................................87
P
Parallel cursor (///CSR)..................38,49
PPI Screen......................................62
PPI/NAV Screen .............................64
PPI/PPI Screen...............................63
PPI/SEMI3D Screen........................63
Pulse table (P TABLE)......................71
R
Radar interference..........................6
Radar screen ..................................26,27
Range............................................ 31
Range rings (RINGS)....................... 38,50
Range ring interval.................50
Reverse screen ...............................42,66
S
Semi-3D......................................... 43,63
Sleep (SLEEP).................................54
Speed (SPEED, SPD SET)................73
ST'BY ............................................29
ST'BY NAV screen...........................71
STC ............................................32,57
Stern marker (STERN M) .................71
Stretch (ST).................................... 41,58
Switching the screen (SEL WIN).......42,65
System check ................................66
T
Target (TARGET).............................51
Track (TRACK) ................................41,58
Tune ............................................40,57
Tune meter ...................................26
V
VAR RNG.......................................38,50
VRM ............................................35,47
Unit of VRM (RM UNIT)..........71
W
Way point (WAYP) ...........................28
Bear ing of Way p o int (WP BR G). .. 71
X
XTE ............................................28,44
Z
Zoom (ZOOM).................................41,59
N
Nav (Navigation) Menu.................... 52
Navigation screen........................... 28
North mark (NORTH M) .................. 6,71
Safety Symbols
To prevent the risk of personal injury or damage to the equipment, the following
safety symbols are used to indicate saf ety- related information. Ins ure that you clearly
understand the meanings of the symbols BEFORE using the equipment.
Symbols Used in M anual
!
DANGER
WARNING
!
CAUTION
!
This indicates a very dangerous proced ure that could r esult
in serious injury or death if not perfor med properly.
This indicates a hazardous procedure that could result in
serious injury or deat h if not performed proper ly.
This indicates a hazardo us proced ure or danger that could
result in light-to-severe injury, or that might damage the
equipment, if pr oper precautio ns are not taken.
Safety Symb ols Used on Equipment
The following safet y symbols are used inside or on the eq uipme nt near oper atio n locations to provide information about safety items and operation precautions. Insure
that you clearly underst and the meani ngs of the sy mbols and t ake the necessary pr ecautions BEFORE using t he equipme nt.
This indicates high voltages with a risk of ser ious electric shock if the part
is touched. NEVER touch the part with bare hands, etc.
The symbol prohibits the operatio n shown inside the symbol. (The example in the left prohibits disassembly. )
The symbol indicates t hat the operat io n inside t he sy m bol is potentially
hazardous. (T he example o n the left indicates that the pl ug should be held
when disconnecting it from the AC outlet.)
This indicates the ground (earth) terminal. If the equipment cannot be
grounded via the power cord, connect this terminal to ground. T here is a
risk of ser ious electric shock if the equipment is not grounded.
RA40C/RA41C/RA42C
Marine Radar
Instruction Manual
21st Jul. 2000 (1st Edition)
Document: E-A40C/41C/42C-2-00
i
y
•
For Safet
•
WARNING / • •
DO NOT OPEN THE COVER EXCEPT SERVICE
•
PERSONNEL. YOU MAY GET AN ELECTRIC SHOCK.
SWITCH OFF SHIPS MAIN AND PULL OFF MOTOR
•
FUSE BEFORE MAINTENANCE.
ROTATING ANTENNA MAY HIT YOU.
KEEP OFF DURING TRANSM ISSION.
•
RADIATION LEVEL: 100W/m2 DISTANCE : 0.8m
RADIATION LEVEL: 10W/m2 DISTANCE : 8m
DO NOT DROP COVER.
•
IT MAY HIT SO MEBODY.
•
•
DO NOT PAINT THE RADOME.
•
PERFORMANCE WILL DOWN.
CAUTION / • •
•
WARNING and CAUTIO N for Scanner Unit and Antenna ;
!
There is a ris k o f recei ving elect ric s hock if t hese parts are touched by
accident. Only qualified personnel should remove covers on these
parts.
"
To avoid accidental antenna ro tation, tur n off ship’s mai n and pull off
out the motor fuse du ring repair inspect, or maintenance.
When repairi ng or i nspecti ng the sca nner unit wear a safety har ness
and provide a secure platform so that there is no danger of falling even
when t he vessel list s o r whe n t here is an une xpect ed incide nt s uc h as
an earth quake.
• ••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••••
• ••••••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••
•••••••••••••••••••••••••
• •••••••••••••••
: 100W/m
•••••
: 10W/m
•••••
• ••••••••••••••••••
•••••••••••
• ••••••••••••••••••••
••••••••
2
•• : 0.8m
2
•• : 8m
#
Do not approach the antenna while it is transmitting.
In additio n, at inspection never loo k into the wave g uide d uring tr ansmission.
$
When remo ve the s canner co ver etc. , do not dro p it. It may e ndanger
people below.
%
Do not paint the RADOME. Antenna performance will be down.
ii
•
SEE INST RUCTION MANUALS BEFORE
•
•
•
WARNING for Display Unit ;
!
See instruction manuals before connecting power. Safety information is
CONNECTING POWER.
SAFET Y INFOR MATIO N IS WRITT EN IN.
EARTH CONNECTION ESSENTIAL
•
BEFORE CONNECTING POWER.
YOU MA Y GET AN ELECT RIC SHOCK.
DO NOT OPEN THE COVER E XCEPT
•
SERVICE PERSON NEL.
HIGH VOLTAG E IS INSIDE.
YOU MA Y GET AN ELECT RIC SHOCK.
WARNING / • •
• •••••••••••••
••••••••••••
••••••••••••••
• ••••••••••••••
•••••••••
••••••••••••
• •••••••••••••
••••••••••
••••••••••••••
••••••
written in.
"
Earth connection essential before connecting supply.
There is a risk of serious electric shock if the equipment is not
grounded.
#
There is a ris k o f recei ving elect ric s hock if t hese parts are touched by
accident.
Only qualified personnel should remove covers on these parts.
iii
Installation
Radio laws dictate t hat this radar may only be installed by properly licensed perso nnel.
Licensing
You must obtain a license as prescribed by t he Radio Law to operat e this unit.
To Customers
* To use this equipment effect ively, t he oper ation and mainte nance pr ocedure i n t his manual
must be followed proper ly. Note that this equipment is only a navigational instr ument having no warrant for navigation safety. Non-execution of fundamental navigation requirements such as the ship location check or lookout is not allowed.
* If some abnormality occurs in this equipment, im mediately tur n off the equipment POWER
switch and the radar main switch in the power distribution board and notify our maintenance section or dealer.
* This instrument uses oscillator and LCD backlight. They are easy to be broken. Do not
subject the instrume nt to excessive for ce or dr op it.
* The mercury ( Hg) is used in LCD backlight. W hen you discard your radar, it is due to laws
or regulations of your natio ns.
iv
Contents
For sa fe t y
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW ....................................................................1
1.1 Introduction.................................................................................................1
1.2 Organization of This Manual.......................................................................1
CHAPTER 2 USING RADAR FOR THE FIRST TIME.............................. 2
2.1 What is a radar ? .........................................................................................2
2.2 Characteristics of Radar Wave ....................................................................3
2.3 Terms Specific to Radars.............................................................................6
CHAPTER 3 INSTALLATION...............................................................10
3.1 Checking Contents of Your Package...........................................................10
3.2 Checking Power Supply Voltage..................................................................11
3.2.1 Power Supply Requirement....................................................................12
3.2.2 Fuse Replacement ..................................................................................12
3.3 Determining Place of Installation................................................................12
3.3.1 Scanner unit...........................................................................................12
3.3.2 Display unit ............................................................................................12
3.3.3 Shifting away from obstacles.................................................................13
3.4 Installing Scanner Unit ...............................................................................14
3.5 Installing Antenna Unit...............................................................................15
3.6 Installing Display Unit.................................................................................16
3.7 Connecting Cables.......................................................................................17
3.7.0 Interconnecting cable (RA40C Radome
scanner)............................................17
3.7.1 Interconnecting cable (RA41C Radome scanner) ..................................17
3.7.2 Interconnecting cable (RA42C Open scanner).......................................20
3.7.3 Grounding wire.......................................................................................21
3.7.4 Power supply cable.................................................................................22
3.8 Adjustment ..................................................................................................22
3.9 Connecting External Equipment to Display Unit .......................................23
3.10 Countermeasure for Electromagnetic Interference ..................................23
3.11 When Discarding Your Radar....................................................................24
CHAPTER 4 FUNCTIONS AND NAMES ...............................................25
4.1 Key layout ....................................................................................................25
4.2 Rear panel....................................................................................................26
4.3 Radar screen (Single screen).......................................................................26
4.4 Radar screen (Dual screen) .........................................................................27
4.5 Radar screen (All PPI screen) ......................................................................27
4.6 Radar screen (All PPI/PPI screen) ...............................................................28
4.7 Navigation screen ........................................................................................ 28
CHAPTER 5 OPERATION...................................................................29
Basic operation of Radar ...................................................................................29
5.1 Powering On and Off....................................................................................29
5.2 Adjusting brilliance of screen and key-backlight........................................29
5.3 Basic Operations .........................................................................................30
5.3.1 Powering On and Off...............................................................................30
5.3.2 Transmitting ...........................................................................................30
5.3.3 Adjusting brilliance of screen and key-backlight...................................31
5.3.4 Changing Distance Range (RANGE UP, RANGE DOWN).......................31
5.3.5 Automatic adjustment (AUTO) ...............................................................31
5.3.6 Sensitivity adjustment (GAIN) ................................................................32
5.3.7 Removing sea clutter (STC)..................................................................... 32
5.3.8 Removing rain and snow clutter (FTC)...................................................33
5.3.9 Man Over Board (MOB) ..........................................................................34
5.4 Fu nct i on s of Soft Ke y s.................................................................................35
5.4.1 Bearing measurement (EBL1).................................................................35
5.4.2 Bearing measurement (EBL2).................................................................35
5.4.3 Distance measurement (VRM1)..............................................................35
5.4.4 Distance measurement (VRM2)..............................................................36
5.4.5 Measuring the angle between two points (FL EBL2)..............................36
5.4.6 Measuring the distance between two points (FL VRM2)........................36
5.4.7 Changing the group of Soft Keys(NEXT).................................................37
5.4.8 Erasing heading maker temporarily (HDG OFF)....................................38
5.4.9 Using parallel cursors (///CSR).............................................................38
5.4.10 Establishment of the indication of the RANGE RINGS (RINGS)..........38
5.4.11 ON/OFF of variable range function (VAR RNG) ...................................38
5.4.12 Changing display modes (MODE).........................................................38
5.4.13 Guard Zone (GZ) ...................................................................................38
5.4.14 Off Center (OFF-C)................................................................................39
5.4.15 Setting of the SLEEP function(SLEEP).................................................40
5.4.16 Tuning adjustment (TUNE)...................................................................40
5.4.17 Echo expansion (ST) .............................................................................41
5.4.18 Displaying locus of target (TRACK) ......................................................41
5.4.19 Enlarging selected areas (ZOOM).........................................................41
5.4.20 Increasing sensitivity (S/L)...................................................................42
5.4.21 Switching the screen (SEL WIN)...........................................................42
5.4.22 Changing the color of screen (PICTURE)..............................................42
5.4.23 Change to PPI screen (PPI)....................................................................43
5.4.24 Change to SEMI3D/PPI screen (SEMI3D)............................................43
5.4.25 Change to PPI/PPI screen (PPI/PPI).....................................................43
5.4.26 Change to PPI/NAV screen (PPI/NAV) .................................................44
5.4.27 Change to ALL PPI screen (ALL PPI).....................................................44
5.4.28 Change to ALL PPI/PPI screen (ALL PPI2)............................................44
5.5 MENU Operation..........................................................................................45
List of MENU.................................................................................................45
-
5.5.1 Mark Menu..............................................................................................46
5.5.1.1 Bearing measurement (EBL1) ............................................................46
5.5.1.2 Determining the distance (VRM1) ......................................................47
5.5.1.3 Bearing measurement (EBL2) ............................................................47
5.5.1.4 Determining the distance (VRM2) ......................................................47
5.5.1.5 Measuring the distance or angle between two points ( FL EBL2, FL VRM2 )
....................................47
5.5.1.6 Measuring the angle between two points (FL EBL2)..........................48
5.5.1.7 Erasing heading maker temporarily (HDG OFF) ...............................49
5.5.1.8 Using parallel cursors (///CSR) ........................................................49
5.5.1.9 Establishment of the indication of the RANGE RINGS (RINGS) .......50
5.5.1.10 Variable range function ( VAR RNG )...............................................50
5.5.1. 11
5.5.1.12
Output the position data of Cursor (TARGET).................................51
Follow the Distance and Bearing marker on the cursor (+MK LINE) 51
5.5.2 Nav (Navigation) Menu ............................................................................52
5.5.2.1 Changing display mode (MODE)....................................................... 52
5.5.2.2 Guard Zone (GZ) ................................................................................53
5.5.2.3 Shifting display in specific direction (OFF-C)....................................54
5.5.2.4 Setting of the SLEEP function(SLEEP) ..............................................54
5.5.3 Echo Menu................................................................................................56
5.5.3.1 Sensibility adjustment (GAIN) ...........................................................56
5.5.3.2 Removing sea clutter (STC)................................................................57
5.5.3.3 Removing rain and snow clutter (FTC)..............................................57
5.5.3.4 Adjusting receiver tuning (TUNE)......................................................57
5.5.3.5 Echo expansion (ST)...........................................................................58
5.5.3.6 Displaying locus of target (TRACK)....................................................58
5.5.3.7 Enlarging selected areas (ZOOM) ......................................................59
5.5.3.8 Increasing sensitivity (S/L) ................................................................60
5.5.4 SETUP Menu ..........................................................................................61
5.5.4.1 Initiating the screen display (WINDOW)............................................61
- Limitation of screen operation.....................................................................62
- Screen modes and Operations.....................................................................62
(a) PPI Screen .........................................................................................62
(b) PPI/SEMI3D Screen..........................................................................63
(c) PPI/PPI Screen ..................................................................................63
(d) PPI/NAV Screen ................................................................................ 64
(e) ALL PPI Screen ..................................................................................64
(f) ALL PPI/PPI Screen............................................................................65
(g) MOB Screen.......................................................................................65
5.5.4.2 Switching screens on PPI/PPI screen (SEL WIN) ..............................65
5.5.4.3 Changing the color of screen (PICTURE) ...........................................66
5.5.4.4 Fault Diagnosis by Self Check (SYSTEM CHECK).............................66
5.5.4.5 Changing the content of the setting (CUSTOM) ................................68
5.5.4.5.1 Changing the settings of soft keys (KEY ASSIGN).........................69
5.5.4.5.2 Changing the content of settings 1(PRESET1)..............................71
5.5.4.5.3 Changing the content of settings 2 (PRESET2).............................73
5.5.4.5.4 Changing the content of settings (ADJUSTMENT).........................75
(1) Adjusting distance (TIMING ADJ) ...................................................75
(2) Adjusting angle (HEAD ADJ)...........................................................75
(3) Adjusting tuning circuit (TUNING CAL) ..........................................76
(4) Adjusting antenna height (ANTENNA).............................................77
(5) Setting GAIN circuit (GAIN).............................................................78
(6) Setting STC circuit (STC).................................................................78
CHAPTER 6 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION...................................79
CHAPTER 7 TROUBLESHOOTING......................................................81
7.1 Fault Diagnosis by Self-check.....................................................................81
7.2 I nspect i ng Each Pa r t ...................................................................................82
CHAPTER 8 PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS...........................................83
8.1 General..........................................................................................................83
8.2 Scanner Unit.................................................................................................85
8.3 Display Unit ..................................................................................................85
8.4 Extern a l I n te r fa ce ........................................................................................ 86
8.5 Standard set................................................................................................. 87
8.6 Options......................................................................................................... 87
8.7 External dimensions and weight .................................................................87
8.8 External connection and function ...............................................................87
APPENDIX
1. RA40C GENERAL SYSTEM DIAGRAM
2. RA41C GENERAL SYSTEM DIAGRAM
3. RA42C GENERAL SYSTEM DIAGRAM
4. RA40C INTERCONNECTION DIAGRAM
5. RA41C/42C INTERCONNECTION DIAGRAM
6. OUTLINE DR AWING DISPLAY UNIT
7. RA40C OUTLINE DRAWING SCANNER UNIT
8. RA41C OUTLINE DRAWING SCANNER UNIT
9. RA42C OUTLINE DRAWING SCANNER UNIT
10. FLUSH MOUNT PROCEDURE
11. INDEX
RA40C TEMPLATE OF SCANNER MOUNTING HOLES (ACTUAL SIZE)
RA41C TEMPLATE OF SCANNER MOUNTING HOLES (ACTUAL SIZE)
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
1.1 Introduction
The RA40C/41C/42C represents a compact, high-performance color marine radar
tha t del ivers a peak pow er ou tput of 2 kW(RA 40C) or 4 kW (RA41C /42C) fro m t he antenna and uses an 10-inch color liquid crystal display.
In addition to a microcomputer, it incorporates a video signal processing LSI and a
new ly deve lope d LSI chi p excl usiv e ly de sign ed for ra dars, t hu s prov idin g v e rsa til e functionality and h i gh p erf o rmance.
Features
1. A thin display unit incorporating a liquid crystal display.
2. E as y op er at i on usi ng o nly a few k ey s and m enu screen s.
3. A positi on of key and its functi on ca n be se t i n po siti on ( Sel ect abl e soft function key).
4. Easy operation by the rotary knob.
Gain, STC, FTC, EBLs, VRMs etc. can be controlled by the rotary knob.
5. A sh ort and a long range ech o can be seen at a ti me ( D ual range rad ar) .
6. S em i -3 D screen d isp l a y fo r easy i den t i fi cati on of targ et s in n oise.
7. Capable of continuous distance range changes (Continual variable range).
8. Waterproof construction of display allows installation at any desired location.
1.2 Organization of This Manual
This manual provides a wide range of information necessary to operate the
RA40C/41C/42C
radar ranging from the basic knowledge on radars to the methods of operating, installing,
and maintaining the radar. T he manua l also provide s rat her detaile d t e chnical informatio n o n how t o ad jus t vi deo di splay to ob t ain clear i mages. Y ou are r eq uest ed to read thi s
manual thoroughly from beginning to end in order to understand the various functions of
the radar so you can take full advantage of its advanced functions. If you are using a
radar for th e fi rs t time, refer to the bas i c data on rad ars in CH APTE R 2.
This manual consists of the following chapters:
USING RADAR FOR THE FIRST TIME ...................... CHAPTER 2
I N STALLATION ........ ..... ..... ... . CHA PTER 3
FUNCTIONS AND NAMES ...................... CHAPTER 4
OP ERATION ........ ..... ..... ... . CHA PTER 5
INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE ...................... CHAPTER 6
TROUBLESHOOTING ...................... CHAPTER 7
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS ...................... CHAPTER 8
I f you are an e x pe r i ence d u ser of r a dars, skip C H A PTER 2 and begi n fr om C H A PTER
3.
1
CHAPTER 2. USING RADAR FOR
THE FIRST TIME
This chapt er descr ibe s ba sic i nfor mat ion o n r ada rs a nd expl ain s t echni cal t e rms u sed
in radar operation fo r th o s e who is usi n g a radar for the f irst time.
2.1 W hat is a radar ?
A marine radar is one of the navigation equipment installed on a ship. I t emits a radio
wave in very high frequency called a microwave from its antenna and receives the reflected
ra dio wa ve fr o m obj e cts o n t he se a ( e.g., o t her ships, bu oy s, a nd la nds). The rece i ve d r a di o
wave is converte d into an electric signal which is displaye d on a display scree n to indicate
the presence of such obj ect s. Alt h ou g h it is ve r y di fficu l t t o find ot h e r sh ips o r t he de stination coast with human eyes at night or in thick fog, a radar helps you detect objects on the
sea helping you av oid danger when sailing. The ante nna turns 360 degre es a s it radiate s
waves , allowin g y o u to gras p ambi en t co ndi ti ons aro und your shi p at a glan ce.
The radio wave r adi ated f r om th e anten na i s c a l led a pul se wave a nd the rada r per fo r ms
transmission and reception alternately. Several hundred to several thousand pulse waves
gener al l y are tran sm i tted whi l e the an tenn a r o tates o ne turn.
Other ship
Buoy
Rad a r wav e
Rad a r dis p lay
Your ship
Antenna (Rotating)
Fig .2-1 What is a radar?
Antenna
There are many types of antennas generally used for a
radar. For example, these include a parabolic antenna and
a slotted-array antenna. The performance of the antenna
determines that of the radar. The dominant factors are the
antenna's beam width and side lobe level. The narrower
the beam width, the higher the resolution of the angle
direction. The lower the side lobe level, the fewer the effect
of a f a l se echo.
Side lobe
A beam in one direction in which the strongest
radio wave is radiated from the antenna is called the
main lobe and beams in other directions are called
"side lobes". The side lobe level refers to the difference in level between the largest side lobe and the
main lobe.
Side lobe
level
Fig.2-2 Antenn a pattern
Beam width
Main bea m
Side lobe
Antenna
2
Beam w i dth
A bea m widt h is defi ned as the widt h of t he ma i n l obe a t a n a n g le w here t he radi ated power is halved as measured from the position from which the strongest radio
wave is rad i ated .
2.2 Ch aracteri st ics of Radar Wave
Radio wave s from the radar propagat e while bending slightly along the te rrestrial surface. This characteristic varies dependent on the density of the atmospheric air. The sight
distance D of a ra dar ge ne ra lly is said to be approximate ly 6% longer than t he optical sight
distance and is calculated using the equation below :
D (NM) = 2.22 ( h1 + h2 ) where, h1= antenna height in meters
h2= target height in meters
Line of sight
Radar Ra d io
Wave
h1 h2
Earth
Fig.2-3 Ra dar w ave
Targets difficult to display on screen
The intensity of the reflected wave from a target depends on the distance, height,
and size of the target, as well as its material and shape. Targets constructed with
FR P, w ood, or oth er l ow- r eflectanc e ma ter ials o r tho se th a t have a smal l inci den t ang le
are difficult to display on a screen. Therefore, FRP and wooden ships, sandy beaches,
and sandy or muddy shallows all are difficult to catch and require attention when
m onito r i ng on t he s creen. Espec iall y , coa st l i nes o n th e r adar image ap pear to be pr esent mo r e ap ar t from th e shi p th an they are actuall y l o cat ed. Theref ore, i t i s importan t
no t to misint er pret t he a va i lable d a ta .
Invisible
Apparent coastline
3
1
HU
Visible
Actual(invisible)
coastline
Fig.2-4 Targets difficult to display on screen
Shadow zon es of r adar
Radar waves are characteristic in that they propagate straight ahead. Therefore,
if the ship's smokestack or mast is locate d nea r t he a ntenna or the re is a ta ll ship or
mount a i n at the side of the s h ip, su ch a n object g ene r at es a shadow be h in d it. In t hi s
3
case, some objects produce a complete shadow and some produce a partial shadow. In
an extreme case, the shadow of an object may extend to a position far away and cannot be displayed on the screen at all. Since these shadows can be discovered when installing an antenna, the problem can be a v oided by changing t he place of ante nna insta l lat io n t o minimiz e t he sha dow. Ta r g e ts in sh a dow z o nes a r e di fficu l t t o displa y on
the sc r een.
Fal s e echoes
A false echo of an actually nonexistent object may sometimes appear on the
screen when sailing. The following explains the cause of each of such phenomena.
A. Ghost echoes
It somet ime s h a ppe ns tha t on e l a r g e obj e ct ne ar the sh ip appe a r s at tw o di ffe r ent
bear ing s. One is th e actua l ech o an d o t her i s a g ho st echo g enerated as t he wave is rereflected from the ship's own smokestack or mast. The former appears at the correct
distance and bearing on the screen and the latter appears behind the smokestack or
mast. This type of false echo is also gener ated by re -reflection of wave s from bridges
and quay walls other than the ship itself.
Target
Direct reflec tion
path
3
1
HU
Real echo
Secondary
reflection path
Ghost echo
Mast etc.
Direction of ghost echo
Fig.2-5 False echoes of radar (Ghost echoes)
B. Multiple echoes
If th ere i s a l a r g e verti cal r eflecti ng plane n ear the ship as in the cas e when your
ship passes alongside a large ship, the wave is repeatedly re flected back and forth
between your ship and the other object. For this reason, two to four images appear on
the screen at equal intervals in the same bea ring. A false echo that is genera ted by
such multiple reflections is called multiple echoes. In this case, an image appearing at
the nearest position is the real echo. Multiple echoes disappear as the ship moves
away from the refle cting object or its bear ing change s. Ther e fore, it is n ot difficult to
deter mine the co r r ect i mag e.
4
3
1
HU
Real echo
Multiple
echoes
Fi g.2-6 False echoes of rada r (Mult iple ec hoes)
C. False echoes caused by side lobe
The radiant beam emitted from an antenna contains side lobes in directions other
than th a t of t he main b ea m . S i nce th e side l ob e l evel is low, it in no way af fec t s distant
targets. However, if there is a strong reflecting target near the ship, it sometimes appear a s a cir cul ar -arc f a l se ec ho on t he sc r een.
When located near large targets such as land, the
ship's mast, etc. sometimes appears as a false
echo of ci rcular-arc shape.
Main beam
Side lobes
Fig.2-7 False echoes of radar (Caused by side lobe)
Antenna
CAUTION
!
False sidelobe
echoes
Real echo
3
1
HU
5
D. Dist ant fals e echoes caus ed by du ct pheno menon
Depe nding on mete orological conditions, duct pheno menon sometimes oc curs in
temperature inverting layers of air. In such a case, the wave propagates erratically
re a ch in g a l oca tion surpr i si ng l y fa r a wa y fr om t h e sh ip. In this case, a t a r g et pr esent
at a distant location more than the radar's maximum distance range appears on the
screen presenting a false echo that can be misunderstood to be present nearer than
the actual positi o n. Th is ph en o men o n is attributed to the f act that sin ce echo from the
distant tar get arrives late, it gets out of the p ul se repetitio n frequency and is displayed
on the screen as an echo in the next frequency. If the target distance changes as you
switc h o ver the d is ta nc e r ange, you c an d et er mi ne th at it is a fal se ec ho .
Rad a r inrte rfer e n c e
Radar interference
If a radar operating in the same frequency exists near
your ship, interference noise may appear on the screen
that is caused by transmitted waves from that radar. This
int er fere nce appe ar s in va riou s way s. I n most case s, h owever, i t appears as spi r al o r radial patterns.
3
1
HU
The RA40C/41C/42C radar has a function to eliminate interference . Use of this function hel ps you minimize
interference.
Fig.2-8 Ra dar interfer-
ence
2.3 Terms Specific to Radar
HM(Heading Marker)
HM (Headin g Marker)
This is a line-shaped marker used to indicate the advancing direction of your ship.
North Mark
This mar ker indica te s th e nor th di re ctio n.
It is a short line approximately 1/6 of the
screen size.
0.75
0.25
HU
North Mark
Fig.2-9 Heading Marker and
North Mark
6
Display modes
This refe rs to a ra dar's dis pla y mo des. The re are fou r displ ay mode s de pen ding on t he
dir ec ti on i n whic h th e to p of th e s creen faces with respect to th e ship.
Ship's
Heading
Scheduled
North
Scheduled
course
Ship's locus
(not displayed on screen)
North
course
0.75
0.25
TM
HM
0.75
0.25
HU
0.75
0.25
NU
0.75
0.25
CU
North
mark
North
HU
EBL
NU CU
TM
Fig.2-10 Display modes
Head Up (HU)
In this mode, the ship's heading always indicates the upward direction of the
scre en. This mode le t s y ou kn ow t he relat ive po sition s o f y o u r shi p a nd ot her sh ips or
land.
North Up (NU)
In this mode, the north direction always indicates the upward direction of the
scre en, al lowi ng you to co mpar e y our ship posi tion wit h a mar ine char t a s you nav igate.
Course Up (CU)
The sh ip's h e ading i n a cou r se-up mo de alw ays i ndi ca te s t he u pwa r d di r ecti on o f
the screen as the bearing toward the destination. In this mode, the ship can be maneu ve red to sail t he short est dist ance to t he dest ina tio n by st ee rin g it in such a wa y
tha t its h eading marker alwa ys dire cts to t he u pward di recti on of the scree n. If t he
ship dr i ft s du e to t i da l cu r r e n t , ca r e must be t ake n beca u se t he fi xed t arge ts mov e to
other positions.
True Motion (TM)
In this mode, the ship is displayed as if it is moving on a marine chart while the
fixed targets such as islands and seashores are fixed in position. When the ship
reac hes a certai n p os ition on th e screen (appro x. 2/3 of sc r een s i z e) , the ship is placed
back to the op pos i t e side o n th e screen. ( Th e t op of t he s creen f aces north. )
Not e: Nav iga tion eq u i pme nt such a s a g y r o compass or mag n e t compass mu st be connected to your radar system before it can be operated in NU, CU, and TM modes.
(Refer to Section 3.9 for details on how to connect your radar to navigation equipment.)
7
VRM (V ariable Range Marker)
This is a ci r cu l a r - shape d mar ker w ho se si z e ca n be ch a ng ed a s de si r e d. Y ou ca n use
this marker when you want to examine the distance of an echo from your ship.
When measuring the distance of an echo from your ship, be sure to measure at a
point c lose t o th e cen ter of the ec ho image on the s creen.
0.75
0.25
HU
Echo
VRM
VRM
Fig.2-11 VRM
EBL (Electronic Bearing Line)
Th i s is a marker shaped like a s tr ai ght lin e segm en t that can be chan ged to any direc-
tion centering around the ship position. Use this marker to examine the advancing direction of your ship and its relative angle with an echo. When measuring the angle of an echo,
pos i t i on the mar ker a t t he c ent er of t he echo .
0.75
0.25
HU
Equal intervals
EBL
Echo
EBL
Fig.2-12 EBL
8
STC (Sensit iv ity Time Con trol)
Since echo signals received by the radar are strong when they are coming from a short
dista nce, it is dif ficult to compa re sig nal st rengt h bet wee n each re flect ed sign al. To o ver come this difficulty, signal strength is adjusted in such a way that the received signal levels
coming from a short distance are lowered and those from a long distance are raised. This
function should prove useful when there are large reflected waves from sea surfaces during
rough weather.
0.75
0.25
HU
STC OFF STC ON
0.75
0.25
HU
Echo is suppressed
around center
Fig.2-13 STC
FTC (Fast Time Constant)
When it rains or snows, fine noise may appear over the entire screen, making it difficult to identify echoes. In such a case, echo images on the screen can be made easily distinguishable by adjusting FTC.
FTC OF F FTC ON
0.75
0.25
HU
0.75
0.25
HU
Small noises
are reduced.
Fig.2-14 FTC
9
CHAPTER 3. INSTALLATION
This chapter describes procedures for installing the RA40C/41C/42C radar in your
ship and precautions to be observe d during installa t ion. Follow t he pro cedur e be low to install the radar.
Checking contents of your package
Checking power supply voltage
Determining place of installati on
Installing scanner unit
Installing dis play unit
Connecting cables
Adjustment
Connecting external equipment
When discarding Your radar
3.1 Ch ecking Cont ents o f You r P ackage
First, unpack your package and see if all of the following items are included.
RA40C RA41C RA42C
Item Q'TY Q'TY Q'TY
Display unit 1 (RF719A) 1 (RF719A) 1
(RF719A)
Scanner unit 1 (R B714A) 1 (RB715A) 1
(RB716A)
Display cover 1 1 1
Fuse 2 2 4
Interconnecting cable 1 (10 m) 1 (10 m) 1 (10 m)
Power supply cable 1 (2 m) 1 (2 m) 1 (2 m)
M10 hexagonal bolt 4 sets 4 sets 0
M12 hexagonal bolt 0 0 4 sets
Carbon brush 0 0 2
10
The package contains a 10m i nterconnecting cable as an accessory. Longer cable is
also available as an opti on as listed i n T ab. 3-1.
Tab. 3-1 O ptional In terc onnectin g Ca b le
RA40C RA41C RA42C
Cab le leng t h Produc t No. Produc t No. Product No.
15m 242J160680B 24Y159099B 24Y159169B
20m 242J160680C 24Y159099C 24Y159169C
25m 24Y159099D 24Y159169D
30m 242J160680D
In addition to the above components included with your package, the following items
are al so r equi red. P leas e prepar e them s epar atel y .
Item QTY Remarks
Tapping screw or M5 bolt and nut 6 sets To install display unit
Grounding wire 1 E arth line for display unit
Grounding wire and crimp terminal 1 set E arth line for scanner unit
3.2 Ch ecking Pow er S up ply Voltag e
3.2.1 Power S upply Requiremen ts
For the RA 40C/41C/4 2C ra dar to be ope rate d normally , the p owe r suppl y (ba tte ry)
detailed in Tab.3-2 is required. Note also that if the batte ry is discharged, its volta ge may
fluctuate greatly, causing the radar to malfunction. When start up the radar system or start
transmitting, an additional rush current is required on the power line. Carefully check the
power supply system including wiring by using a circuit tester.
Tab. 3-2 Power Supply Req uirements
Supply voltage
Maximum curr ent Allowable r an ge of v ol t age
used
DC12V 5A 10.2-41.6V
DC24V 2.5A 10.2-41.6V
*A.C. power cannot be used
3.2.2 F use Replac ement
For the RA40C/41C/42C radar to be o perated safely, proper rating fuses must be
use d. Tab. 3. 3 and Tab. 3. 4 are fu se r at ing t abl es for RA40C /41C a nd RA 42C . C heck the m
and repla ce to t he f use i n th e pac kag e.
Tab. 3-3 Supply Voltage to Fuse Tabl e f or RA40C/41C
Supply voltage
Main Fus e Motor Fus e
used
DC12V 8A/250V or 125V *
(6.3• x 32mm)
DC24V 8A/250V or 125V
(6.3• x 32mm)
T3.15A/250V or 125V *
(5• x 20mm)
T3.15A/250V or 125V
(5• x 20mm)
Tab. 3-4 Supply Voltage to Fuse Tabl e f or RA42C
11
Supply voltage
Main Fus e Motor Fus e
used
DC12V 10A/ 250V or 125V
(6.3• x 32mm)
DC24V 8A/250V or 125V *
(6.3• x 32mm)
Note: Marked * fus e s are in the set as sta ndard.
•••
3.3 Determini ng P lace of In st allat ion
3.3.1 Sc anner unit
A radar's target detection capacity varies greatly depending on the fitted position of the
scanner. An ideal fitting position is a location high above the ship's keel line where there is
no obstacle all around the scanner. In an actu al ship, such an ideal locat ion is limited by
various f actors. Therefo r e, c on sider t he f oll owi ng sug g esti ons when y ou determine the place
to install the scanner:
(a) Install scanner at a position as high as possible.
The higher the installation position, the longer the radio ranging distance.
Install the scanner at a position as high as possible after considering the ship's
hull structure and radar maintainability.
(b) Install scanner away from smoke-stack and mast
I f the scan ner is inst al led a t t he same he ig ht as th e smoke -st ack or ma st,
radar waves may be blocked, creating shadow zones or generating false echoes.
Therefore, do not install the scanner at such a position.
(c) Install scanner forward away from obstacle.
To avoi d cre a t ing sha dow z ones or g e nerati ng fa lse echoes, inst a ll t he scanner at a position neare r t o the ship's bow away from obsta cles. When installing
the scanne r on a ma st, p osit ion it i n fro nt of t he mast. (I f obst acl es cann ot be
avoided for the ship's structural reasons, refer to "Shifting away from obstacles"
described Page 13.)
(d) Do not install the scanner near hot or heat-generating items.
Do not install the scanner at a position where it may be subjected to smoke
or hot air from smokestacks or heat from lamps.
(e) Install the scanner away from antennas of oth er equipment.
Install the scanner as much away from the antennas of a direction finder,
radio transceiver, etc. as possible.
5A/250V or 125V
(5•x 20mm)
T3.15A/250V or 125V *
(5• x 20mm)
!
CAUTION
To eliminate the interference, install the scanner
away from th e anten na of radio transceivers.
(f) Make the cable length as short as possible.
Keep the distance from the scanner to the display unit within the standard
cable length of 10 m. If you use longer cable for unavoidable reasons, limit the
cable length to a maximum of 30 m for RA40C and 100 m for RA41C/42C.
3.3.2 D ispla y unit
The display unit can be installed on desktop, wall surface, or ceiling. Dete rmine the
place to install the display unit that is convenient for nav igation and radar opera tion after
considering the following suggestions:
12
(a) A place where you can s ee the ship' s bow when you rai se you r face f rom t he
radar screen.
(b) A plac e wh ere there is n o dir ect sun-li ght to av o id display t emperatu re up.
(c) A place where there is good ventilation and minimum vibration.
(d) A place where the display unit is a part m ore tha n the min im um safe dis-
tance from a magnet compass as listed in Tab.3-5 below.
Tab.3-5 Minimum Safe Distance from Magnetic Compass
Master compass Steering compass
Scanner unit
Display unit
2.0m 1.4m
2.0m 1.4m
3.3.3 Sh ifting away from obsta cles
!
! Shifting from keel line
!!
By shifting the scanner position from the keel line to the starboard side of
the ship, it is possible to move shadow zone s to the p ort side which makes it
possible to keep clear vision in the bow direction. The distance to be shifted can
be obtained by calculation depending on the distance from the scanner to obstacl es using the f oll owi ng equa tion:
Ls=0.4R+D/2 [m] (when R<15m)
Ls=0.025R+D/2 [m] (when R>=15m)
where Ls = distance to be shifted from keel line
D = di am et er of ob stacle on keel li ne
R = distance from scanner to obstacle
Scanner Unit
Ls
Obstacle
D
Keel line
R
Fig.3-1 Shif ting from keel line
Obtaining sufficient dip angle
""""
Raise the scanner position so that there is a sufficient dip angle θ available
between the line of sight from the scanner to the obstacle and the horizontal
line. By raising the dip angle above 5°, it is possible to prevent mid- and longdistance shadow zones. The radar cannot detect objects below the line of sight.
13
θ
Horizontal line
Line of sight
Fig.3-2 Obtaining sufficient dip angle
14
3.4 I nstalling S canner Unit
When you have decided the place of installa tion, install the scanner unit. I f a mou nt
base like the one shown below is available, it may be easie r t o install the scanner. I f such a
mount base is not ava ilable in your ship, you may install the scanner directly to the roof,
etc. In s uch a cas e, p ay atten ti on to the water d r ai n tube loc ated at th e bottom of the scanner unit during installation.
Note : When the radar mast or mounting bracket has a curvature of more than 2mm, repair
it o r u se s pacers.
Do not use an edge that might trap water.
Fig.3-3 Mount base
Referring to Fig.3-4, open holes in diameter of 12 mm (0.47 in.) at five locations in the
mount base and use these holes to fix the scanner unit to the mount base with hexagonal
bolts. (Use the template included with t his manual.) The bolts included wit h your radar
equ ipment will suffice for mount base thickness of 9 to 14 mm (0.35 to 0.5 5 in.). I f the
mount base is thicker or thinner than this, prepare bolts listed in Tab.3-6.
Use sealing of silicon when you prevent the bolts from becoming loose. Radome may be
bro ken i f yo u use lo cking putty.
(0.47 in.)
170
(6.69 in.)
35
(1.38in.)
12φ × 4
(2.56 in.)
For air tube
15φ
65
Forward
199
(7.83 in.)
RA42C
Open scanner
(0.59 in.)
RA41C
Radom e scann er
Forward
214
(8.43 in.)
Center
185
(7.28 in.)
Cable inlet
100φ
(3.97 in.)
Fig.3-4 Hole positions for mounting scanner
15
Rotation Radius
R550 (3 ft antenna)
R700 (4 ft antenna)
14φ × 4
(0.55 in.)
Unit:mm
Chassis
Radome(bottom)
Mount base
Washer
Spring washer
Included
M10 Hexagonal bolt
Fix four screws
RA40C/4 1C Radome sc anne r
12φ × 4
(0.47 in.)
170
(6.69 in.)
35
(1.38in.)
Fix four screws
65
(2.56 in.)
For air tube
(0.59 in.)
15φ
Forward
214
(8.43 in.)
Forward
199
Double nuts
(7.83 in.)
Spring washer
Washer
Center
RA41
Radome scanner
Fig.3-4 Hole positions for mounting scanner
RA 42 C O p en scann er
12φ × 5
Fig.3-5 Fixing Scanner Unit
(0.47 in.)
60
(2.36 in.)
140
(5.51 in.)
185
(7.28 in.)
Cable inlet
100φ
Forward
(5.51 in.)
Center
(3.97 in.)
140
Scanner base
Mount base
M12 Hexagonal bolt
RA42
Open scanner
Rotation Radius
R550 (3 ft antenna)
R700 (4 ft antenna)
14φ × 4
(0.55 in.)
Unit:mm
Tab. 3-6 Bolts for Mountin g Scann er Unit
Thi ckness of
mount base
1-4mm(0.04-0.16 in.)
4-9mm(0.16-0.35 in.)
9-14mm(0.35-0.55 in.)
14-19mm(0.55-0.75 in.)
3.5 I nstalling Antenna Unit
30
(1.18in.)
For air tube
RA40C • Radome scanner
••••••
Bolts necessary to
Material Remarks
fix radome scanner
M10/M12 × 15 (1.5mm pitch)
M10/M12
×
20 (1.5mm pitch)
M10/M12 × 25 (1.5mm pitch)
M10/M12
×
30 (1.5mm pitch)
Stainless
Stainless
Stainless Included with radar
Stainless
16
Remove th e protec t ive cap c overi ng the ro tar y co u pler on the to p o f t he s can ner. M a tch
the antenna rad iatio n d i rectio n to d i rectio n of the arrow mark i n gs o n the rotation base and
fix the antenna in position using the four M8 accessory bolts.
Arrow
3.6 I nstalling Display Un it
After y ou have finished installing the scanner unit, in sta ll the display unit in t he sa me
way. Choose the proper bolt length according to the thickness of the surface on which you
are g oing to install the display unit. Hole dia meter is different u sing bolts fro m using ta pping screw. When using tapping screw, open holes in adequate holes. When using bolts and
nuts, open holes in diameter of 6 mm (0.24 in.). When you have opened holes, install the
pedestal part first and then the display unit.
360
(14.17 in.)
84
(3.31 in.)
60
(2.36 in.)
240
(9.45 in.)
Fitting hole
60
(2.36 in.)
47
37
(1.85 in.)
(1.46 in.)
Hole diameter
6mm : Bolts and Nuts
Adequate : Tapping screws
Recommended screw
M5 or equivalent
Unit : mm
Antenna radiation surface
Forward
Fig.3-6 Hole positions for display unit
Note : When you install the display by flush mount, refer to appendix "OUTLINE DRAWING".
Slide off four triangle corner cover, and fix the display unit to the panel with screws. After
fi xing the d isp l a y unit ,
put on corner covers to the corner of the display unit. See APPENDIX.
17
!
WARNING
Avoid a display from operating under direct sunli gh t. It beco mes hi gh temp erature at in sid e of displ ay and di splay may b e broken.
18
3.7 Co nnect ing Cables
Lay cables firmly in place by following the instructions below.
Note1: Do not bind the cable for the radar collectively with cables of other
equipment (especially power supply cable).
Note2: Leave clearance near the inlet of the display so you can remove the dis-
play unit easily. This facilitate s installation and maintenance of the display unit. (Refer to Appendix.)
Note3: Because the cable has a connector fitted on the display and scanner side,
if it is necessary to pass cable through a narrow path, fix the scanner-side
connector vertically using vinyl tape before passing cable through the
path.
Note4: Lay cable along the ship's hull or wall surface and atta ch it in place at
intervals of about 40 cm .
3.7.0 Interconn ec ting cable (RA40C Radome scanner) (See Fig.3-8-1)
!
En sure that th e rada r i s off . Conn ect the cab l e to the receptacl e labeled "SCANNER"
on the rear panel of the display unit.
"
Next , remove the upp er par t of t he rado me from the sc ann er unit . Avoid bum ping it
agai ns t t he an ten na by l i fti ng vert i cal ly. (Th er e ar e t hree f i xing sc r ews.)
#
Remove th e ta pe f ixing t he an ten na.
$
Remove th e sh i eld co ver l oc a ted o n th e aster n s i de. (There ar e thre e fi xing screws. )
%
Remov e the cabl e cla mping pla te a n d r u bber r i ng , pa ss ca bl e thr ou g h t he in t r oduction opening, put the rubber ring from both ends of it, and clamp the cable to the
scanner u ni t wit h scr ew s via the fi xi ng pl a te . Plu g t he co nnect or fit te d t o t he ca bl e
into the X1 con n ector on the PC B.
&
Replace the aluminum cover. At this time, attach a cable shield onto a ditch with
the aluminum cover. However, be careful that the cable will not be caught up betwe en th e main u nit a nd co ver .
•• '
Rep l ace the up per par t o f the radome. B e c ar ef ul not to bump it agai nst the antenna
in
the same way as when removing it. Make sure that the cover is fitted in the correct
direc tion as shown in Fig.3-7-1. The upper and lower parts of the radome each have
three
markings indicating screw positions. Align the upper and lower positions as you
mount
the radome.
Logo seal on
side wall
Ship's
heading
Fixing screws
Fig.3-7-1 Fitting Cover (RA40C)
3.7.1 Interconn ec ting cable (RA41C Radome scanner) (See Fig.3-8-2)
!
En sure that th e rada r i s off . Conn ect the cab l e to the receptacl e labeled "SCANNER"
on the rear panel of the display unit.
"
Next , remove the upp er par t of t he rado me from the sc ann er unit . Avoid bum ping it
against the antenna by lifting vertically. (There are four fixing screws.)
#
Remove th e ta pe f ixing t he an ten na.
19
$
Remove the shield cover located on the astern side. (There are four fixing screws.)
%
Remov e the cabl e cla mping pla te a n d r u bber r i ng , pa ss ca bl e thr ou g h t he in t r oduction opening, put the rubber ring from both ends of it, and clamp the cable to the
scanne r uni t w ith scre ws v ia t he fixing pla te . Conne ct 7-pin co nnect or t o X 11 an d
9-pin connector to X12 of PCB.
&
Replace the aluminum cover. At this time, attach a cable shield onto a ditch with
the aluminum cover. However, be careful that the cable will not be caught up betwe en th e main u nit a nd co ver .
'
Replace the upper part of the radome. Be careful not to bump it against the antenna in the same way as when removing it. Make sure that the cover is fitted in the
corr ect dire ction as show n in Fig. 3-7-2. The u pper an d lowe r par ts of the radome
ea ch hav e four marki ngs indi cat ing screw po siti ons. A lign the uppe r a nd low er positi ons as you mount th e radome.
Ship's
heading
Logo seal on
side wall
Cable inlet
Fix four screws
Fig.3-7-2 Fittin g cover (RA41C)
20
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