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KODAK HAWKEYE Traffic
Surveillance Color Film
TECHNICAL DATA /
COLOR NEGATIVE FILM
KODAK HAWKEYE Traffic Surveillance Color Film is a 400
speed color negative film for traffic surveillance
applications. KODAK T-GRAIN emulsion technology
provides extremely fine grain and high sharpness, and wide
exposure latitude allows a range of exposures from 2 stops
under to 3 stops over normal. Other features include:
• Improved color saturation; accurate colors
• Push performance to EI 800
• Optimized for use with film scanners; durable
emulsion overcoat prevents scratches
• Panchromatic sensitivity to 660 nm
• Balanced for daylight or electronic flash, and may also
be used under mixed lighting
• Prints compatibly with KODAK GOLD and MAX
Versatility Films
• Process using KODAK FLEXICOLOR Chemicals,
Process C-41
• Coated on a 0.0048-inch (0.12 mm) acetate base
DARKROOM RECOMMENDATIONS
Handle unprocessed film in total darkness—do not use a
safelight.
Process this film in total darkness through the bleach
step in Process C-41.
March 2010 • TI-2420
STORAGE AND HANDLING
Load and unload film in subdued light.
Store unexposed film at 70° F (21° C) or lower in the
original sealed package. Process film as soon as possible
after exposure. Protect negatives from strong light. For
more information about storing negatives, see KODAK
Publication No. E-30, Storage and Care of KODAK
Photographic Materials—Before and After Processing.
EXPOSURE
Speed:
Use these speed numbers with meters and cameras
marked for ISO, ASA, or DIN speeds or exposure indexes.
For critical work, make a series of test exposures.
Exposure Index (EI)
Arithmetic Logarithmic
400 27°
Daylight Exposure:
Use the exposures in the table below for average frontlit
subjects from 2 hours after sunrise to 2 hours before
sunset when exposing at EI 400.
Lighting Conditions Shutter Speed (Second)
Bright or Hazy Sun on Light Sand
or Snow
Bright or Hazy Sun (Distinct
Shadows)
Weak, Hazy Sun (Soft Shadows) 1/500
Cloudy Bright (No Shadows) 1/500
Heavy Overcast or Open Shade
1
Use f/5.6 for backlit close-up subjects.
2
Subject shaded from the sun but lighted by a large area of sky.
2
and Lens Opening
1/500
f/16
1/500
1
f/11
f/8
f/5.6
1/500
f/4
©Eastman Kodak Company, 2010
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Electronic Flash:
Use the guide numbers in the table below as starting-point
recommendations for your equipment. To determine the
lens opening, divide the guide number by the
flash-to-subject distance.
Unit Output
1
BCPS = beam candlepower seconds
1
(BCPS)
350 85/26
500 100/30
700 120/36
1000 140/42
1400 170/50
2000 200/60
2800 240/70
4000 280/85
5600 340/100
8000 400/120
Guide Number
Distances in Feet/Metres
Filters
For light sources other than daylight, use the filtration and
exposure compensation in the table below.
Light Source
Photolamp (3400 K) No. 80B + 1 2/3 stops
Tungsten (3200 K) No. 80A + 2 stops
KODAK WRATTEN
Gelatin Filter
Exposure
Adjustment
Fluorescent and High Intensity Discharge Light:
Though this film is tolerant of mixed-lighting situations, for
best color results under uniform fluorescent or
high-intensity discharge sources, use the exposure and
filter recommendations given below. These
recommendations are starting points.
Actual filtration may vary between lamps and lamp
manufacturers. Depending on the specific source,
additional filtration or special printing may be required to
achieve best results.
To avoid the brightness and color variations that occur
during a single alternating-current cycle, use exposure
times of 1/60 second or longer with fluorescent lamps;
with high-intensity lamps, use exposure times of 1/125
second or longer.
Fluorescent Light Source
Fluorescent Lamp Type KODAK Color
"Daylight" 40R + 2/3 stop
White 20C + 30M + 1 stop
Warm White 40B + 1 stop
Warm White Deluxe 30B + 30C + 1 1/3 stops
Cool White 30M + 2/3 stop
Cool White Deluxe 20C + 10M + 2/3 stop
Average fluorescent, or
unknown lamp
Compensating
Filter(s)
10C + 20M + 2/3 stop
Exposure
Adjustment
Note: Do not change the film speed setting when metering
through a filter. Metering through filters may affect light
meter accuracy; see the meter manual (or camera manual
for built-in meters) for specific information.
High-Intensity Discharge Lamp Source
High-Intensity Discharge
Lamp Type
High Pressure Sodium Vapor 70B + 50C + 3 stops
Metal Halide 10R + 20M + 2/3 stop
Mercury Vapor with Phosphor 20R + 20M + 2/3 stop
Mercury Vapor w/o Phosphor
(clear envelope)
KODAK Color
Compensating
Filter(s)
80R + 1 2/3 stops
Exposure
Adjustment
Reciprocity
Compensation for reciprocity failure is not necessary for
exposures of 1/10,000 second to 10 seconds. Exposures
longer than 10 seconds may require exposure
compensation and/or filtration, and should be tested for
the application.
2 KODAK HAWKEYE Traffic Surveillance Color Film • TI-2420
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PROCESSING
Normal Processing:
Use KODAK FLEXICOLOR Chemicals, Process C-41, in any
processing equipment designed to accommodate Process
C-41.
Push Processing:
This film may be “pushed” 1 stop by exposing at EI 800,
and extending the development time in Process C-41. (This
time increase may not be possible in all processing
equipment.)
Push Step Exposure Index
Normal EI 400 3 min 15 sec
Push 1 Stop EI 800 3 min 45 sec
Developer Time
in Process C-41
JUDGING NEGATIVE EXPOSURES
Expose this film properly for best results.
Check the exposure level of the color negative with a
suitable electronic densitometer equipped with a filter
such as the red filter for Status M Densitometry, or a
KODAK WRATTEN Gelatin Filter No. 92. Depending on
the subject and the light source used for exposure, a
normally exposed color negative measured through the
red filter should have the approximate densities listed
below. These densities apply for the recommended light
sources and correct processing of the negative.
Densities of Properly Exposed and Processed
Negatives:
Expose this film properly for optimum results.
Check the exposure level of the color negative with a
suitable electronic densitometer equipped with a filter
such as the red filter for Status M Densitometry, or a
KODAK WRATTEN Gelatin Filter No. 92. Depending on
the subject and the light source used for exposure, a
normally exposed color negative measured through the
red filter should have the approximate densities listed
below. These densities apply for the recommended light
sources and correct processing of the negative.
Area on the Negative: Densities:
The KODAK Gray Card
the same illumination as the subject
The lightest step (darkest in the negative) of a
KODAK Paper Gray Scale receiving the same
illumination as the subject
Normally lighted forehead of person with light
complexion
Normally lighted forehead of person with dark
complexion
1
KODAK Publication No. R-27
2
Because of the extreme range in skin color, use these values only as a guide.
For best results, use a KODAK Gray Card (gray side).
2
2
1
(gray side) receiving
0.80 to 1.00
1.15 to 1.35
1.05 to 1.35
0.90 to 1.20
SCANNING NEGATIVES
General
Traffic Surveillance Color Film negatives can be easily
scanned with a variety of photomultiplier tube (PMT),
linear-array charge-coupled device (CCD) and area-array
CCD scanners. The film can be scanned using desktop as
well as higher-end drum or flat-bed scanners. Since there is
no established standard for filter sets used in film scanners,
each manufacturer’s scanner will have its own
characteristic output. The sensitivity of a scanner to a
film’s dye set is determined by the spectral sensitivity of
the CCD and the spectral distribution of the colored filters
used to capture the red, green and blue information
contained in the film. A scanner’s characteristic output
may also be affected by the look-up tables or matrices used
by the scanner to output information for monitors,
transmission, etc. These tables or matrices can be in the
form of a “plug-in” program used with a specific image
manipulation software package, updateable ROMs
included with the equipment, or fixed algorithms for
determining calibration and balancing, similar to those
used in photographic color printing equipment.
The generic “color negative film” channel designation
available with scanner software will provide only a starting
point for balancing. The final color balancing and
adjustment of scene-dependent contrast and brightness
for any particular image can be done using scanner
controls at the pre-scan stage, or after the image is
imported through the imaging software or workstation.
Some scanners allow for the use of “plug-in” programs
that will calibrate on D-min film stock. Since every color
negative film has a different colored-coupler mask, the
optimum D-min balance will be different for each film.
Therefore, optimum scanning of these films are
accomplished through the use of specifically calibrated
channels.
KODAK Photo CD Imaging Workstation (PIW)
Photo CD Film Term tables store information that
determines the tone scale and color reproduction
characteristics of a Photo CD image. These tables also
contain photographic information about different types of
film, and parameters specific to each film.
Photo CD Film Term tables are intended for use by
owners and operators of KODAK Photo CD Imaging
Workstations (PIWs), and can be downloaded from
Kodak’s website.
To access Go to
Film Terms for KODAK
PHOTO CD Imaging
Workstations
Drivers for KODAK Film
Scanners
www.kodak.com/go/pcdFilmTerms
www.kodak.com/go/scannerDrivers
KODAK HAWKEYE Traffic Surveillance Color Film • TI-2420 3
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PRINTING NEGATIVES
This film is optimized for printing on KODAK EKTACOLOR
Edge 8, KODAK ROYAL VIII, KODAK EKTACOLOR Edge 9,
and KODAK ROYAL IX Papers. The film can also be printed
on KODAK PROFESSIONAL DURAFLEX Plus Digital
Display Material.
Make color slides and transparencies by printing the
negatives on KODAK PROFESSIONAL ENDURA
Transparency Optical Display Material or KODAK
PROFESSIONAL ENDURA Clear Optical Display Material.
Make black-and-white prints on KODAK PANALURE
SELECT RC Paper for conventional black-and-white
processing, or KODAK PROFESSIONAL PORTRA Black &
White Paper for Process RA-4.
RETOUCHING
Retouch only the emulsion side; apply KODAK Retouching
Fluid before using KODAK Retouching Pencils.
For information on retouching equipment, supplies, and
techniques, see KODAK Publication No. E-71, Retouching
Color Negatives.
IMAGE STRUCTURE
Print Grain Index Magnification Table:
Print Grain Index numbers for diffuse printing
illumination.
Process C-41, normal cycle, film exposed at EI 400.
Negative Size: 24 x 36 mm; 135 format or 35 mm Roll
Film
Print Size in
inches:
Print Size in
centimeters:
Magnification: 4.4X 8.8X 17.8X
Print Grain Index
number:
• This is a new method which replaces rms
granularity. It is on a different scale, which cannot
be compared to rms granularity.
• The scale is a uniform perceptual scale, with a
change of 4 units representing a Just Noticeable
Difference for 90% of observers.
• Index value representing the approximate visual
threshold for graininess: 25.
• Standardized inspection distance for all print sizes:
35.6 cm (14 inches).
• In practice, prints larger than 10.2 x 15.2 cm (4x6
inches) will likely be viewed from distances greater
than 35.6 cm (14 inches), thereby reducing overall
graininess that is perceived.
• These Grain Index numbers may not represent
graininess observed from more specular printing
illuminants, such as condenser enlargers.
4x6 8x10 16x20
10.2x15.2 20.3x25.4 40.6x50.8
39 61 90
4 KODAK HAWKEYE Traffic Surveillance Color Film • TI-2420
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CURVES
Exposure: Daylight
Densitometry: Status M
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
-4.00 -3.00 -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00
B
G
R
Densitometry:
Exposure:
LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds)
DENSITY
F010_0228AC
Daylight
Status M
Density: D=0.2>D-min
Exposure:
Densitometry:
Density:
Yellow-
Forming
Layer
Magenta-
Forming
Layer
Cyan-
Forming
Layer
700 750650600550500450400350
*Sensitivity = reciprocal of exposure (erg/cm ) required
to produce specified density
WAVELENGTH (nm)
2
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
LOG SENSITIVITY*
F010_0229AC
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
360 410 460 510 560 610 660 710 760
Minimum Density
Midscale Density
and D-min.
Typical densities for a midscale neutral subject
DIFFUSE SPECTRAL DENSITY
WAVELENGTH (nm)
F010_0230AC
Exposure: Daylight
Process: C-41
10
1
2
20
30
50
70
3
5
7
1 2 3 4 5 10 20 30 40 50 100
100
1000
SPATIAL FREQUENCY (cycles/mm)
RESPONSE (%)
R
G
B
F010_0231AC
Characteristi c Curves
Spectral Sensitivity
Spectral Dye Density
Modulation Transfer Function
KODAK HAWKEYE Traffic Surveillance Color Film • TI-2420 5
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KODAK HAWKEYE Traffic Surveillance Color Film
For the latest version of technical support publications for
Kodak products, visit Kodak on-line at:
http://www.kodak.com/go/SDRproducts
If you have questions about Kodak products, call Kodak.
In the U.S.A.:
1-800-242-2424, Ext. 19, Monday–Friday
9 a.m.–7 p.m. (Eastern time)
In Canada:
1-800-465-6325, Monday–Friday
8 a.m.–5 p.m. (Eastern time)
From outside the US/Canada: 1-716-724-4000
MORE INFORMATION
Note: The Kodak materials described in this publication for
use with KODAK HAWKEYE Traffic Surveillance Color
Film are available from dealers who supply Kodak
products. You can use other materials, but you may not
obtain similar results.
NOTICE: While the sensitometric data in this publication are typical of production coatings, they do not
represent standards which must be met by Kodak. Varying storage, exposure, and processing conditions will
affect results. The company reserves the right to change and improve product characteristics at any time.
Kodak, Duraclear, Duraflex, Duratrans, Ektacolor, Ektamax, Flexicolor,
Panalure, Vericolor, and Wratten, are trademarks.
Revised 3-10
KODAK HAWKEYE Traffic Surveillance
Color Film
KODAK Publication No. TI-2420
Aerial and Industrial Markets
EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY • ROCHESTER, NY 14650-0505
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