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SKY 12 CPC 58
User Manual
48 pgs3.12 Mb0

Kloben SKY 8 CPC 58, SKY 12 CPC 58, SKY 18 CPC 58, SKY 21 CPC 58 User Manual

SOLAR HEATING SYSTEMS
FORCED CIRCULATION
Vacuumm collectors
SKY 8 CPC 58 SKY 12 CPC 58 SKY 18 CPC 58 SKY 21 CPC 58
Reg. no. 011-7S124R
2
MAKING USE OF SOLAR ENERGY
Solar energy is among the most abundant and available free renewable energies on the earth’s surface. To have an idea of the energy that the sun radiates onto the earth, according to the latitude, the average daily solar radiation in Italy varies from 4 to 5.5 kWh on a surface of 1 square metre. The use of a solar heat collector with vacuum technology is accredited, as shown by the experts in the solar sector and by laboratory tests carried out according to EN European Standards, to be the most technically efficient system for captu­ring the energy released by the sun through the entire year. Considering the daily heat energy request per person for domestic hot water use, the use of solar collectors with vacuum technology with CPC reflector, combined with a standard state-of-the-art designed system, allows energy saving regarding domestic hot water of up to 80%. While, considering the global load of heat energy requested for domestic hot water and heating, the total saving can exceed 40%. This considerable energy saving constitutes an important contribution to the reduction of the emissions of noxious substances, deriving from combustion, into the atmosphere and particularly to the reduction of CO2, the main reason for environmental heating due to the greenhouse effect. The functioning principle of a solar heating system can be described simply. The solar vacuum collector with CPC reflector captures solar radiation and heats up. The heat gathered is transferred by heat exchage to a water tank, which acts as a storage tank. The amount of solar energy that the collector can transfer to the tank depends on its capacity to absorb solar radiation and on the level of insulation, which reduces the loss of energy captured by the collector. The creation of the vacuum by removing the air from the gap in the glass tube achieves a layer of the best heat insulating material existing in nature. The principle has been known about for a century and is appreciated in the form of the thermos. Using this arrangement, the collectors optimise the use of solar energy also during the change of seasons and during the winter.
ADVANTAGES OF CPC DIFFUSION VACUUM TECHNOLOGY
- High temperatures and yields even in unfavourable atmospheric conditions, e.g. with low external temperatures.
- High absorption even with diagonal light thanks to the circular shape of the absorbing device.
- Top quality and high efficiency solar vacuum tube, of our own production and with high level of forced vacuum.
- Duration through time: no delicate glass-metal couplings that degenerate the level of vacuum in the glass pipe through time.
- Duration through time: high resistance and duration of the selective capturing layer also thanks to the protection of the vacuum.
- Loss of load contained thanks to the circulation of the flow in parallel in the circuit with "U"-shaped pipes.
- Maximum yield with less requirement for surfaces (half of the absorbant surfaces are normally necessary with respect to a traditional absorbing panel).
- Treated spacial aluminium concentrator reflector, with double CPC paraboloidal section (Compound Parabolic Concentrator) with optimised optics for the solar collector, to convey the sun’s non-incident rays onto the vacuum tube.
- High efficiency all year round.
- Low assembly costs: collector already assembled and easy to fix.
- Easy and immediate tube replacement with the EASY CHANGE system.
- Excellent heat insulation performance of the heat-carrying circuit also at low temperatures.
- Modern and elegant design.
Introduction
4
WHY CHOOSE KLOBEN
The research carried out to increase the yield of the Kloben solar collectors have allowed to discover efficient and innovative solutions to make the best of the sun and its diffused light. For this reason particular direct and diffused light capturers, with CPC, Compound Parabolic Concentrator, geometry have been studied and realised using materials able to supply optimal yields in total reflection (> 90%) and in reflection with diffused light. The combination of vacuum tube technology and CPC reflectors applied to the solar collectors, guarantee the best yields, most of all in situations of little radiation and low external temperatures. The advantage of the Kloben system therefore has an immediate effect also at an economical level.
Efficiency curve with radiation at 800 W and average temperature inside heat-carrying fluid of 50°C of the Kloben SKY CPC 58 DIFFISION model (Test Report no. 07COL623/1 (according to EN 12975-2:2006), ITW Institute, Stuttgart - Solar Keymark certification).
Efficiency curve with radiation at 800 W and average temperature inside heat-carrying fluid of 50°C of a Solar Keymark certified flat solar panel (data from Solar Keymark Database - Estif site, (European Solar Thermal Industry Federation))
From the comparison it was seen that for an average T of heat-carrying fluid of 50°C, the Kloben SKY CPC 58 Diffusion vacuum collector has greater efficiency that the flat collector, up to 35°C of environment T. The difference in efficiency increases even more on the decrease of the external temperature.
Yiled µ%
Environment temperature [°C]
Summer Winter
6
Dimensioning
Kloben makes use of a complex software that allows quick, precise and customised calculation of the enrgy requirements requested, the number of panels necessary and the solar integration supplied, in relation to the destination of use of the solar system, the details of the structure on which it is to be applied and the climatic data referring to the area of installation.
For the dimensioning of all components, it is recommended to contact Kloben-authorised staff. However, it is possible to perform approximate dimensioning of the components necessary for small solar systems (systems up to max 10 m
2
of solar collector surface, optimal exposure of collectors max 20° from South and inclination at 45°, average daily consumption per person of about 60 litres at 45°C), using the data shown below:
MAXIMUM DIMENSIONING OF SOLAR PANELS
MAXIMUM DIMENSIONING OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Expansion vessel: An approximate measurement consists in considering 6 l for every m2of solar surface installed.
For more accurate dimensioning refer to the solar calculation software of the vessel available in the Kloben Intranet area.
Anti-freeze liquid: add the following parameters (A + B + C + D)
A. 1/2 of the capcity of the expansion vessel installed
B. 10 l for every 40 m of line (20 delivery + 20 return)
C. 1.17 l for every SKY 8 CPC 58
1.74 l for every SKY 12 CPC 58
2.60 l for every SKY 18 CPC 58
3.07 l for every SKY 21 CPC 58
D. about 15 l for storage from 300 to 500 l
about 20 l for storage from 500 to 750 l about 30 l for storage from 750 to 1000 l
Solar Station: LOW FLOW for the management of systems with flow rate from 2 to 16 l/min
BIG FLOW for the management of systems with flow rate from 10 to 80 l/min For more accurate dimensioning refer to the solar calculation software available in the Kloben Intranet area.
Flow rate adjuster: 1 l/min for every m
2
of solar surface installed.
NORTH CENTRAL SOUTH
ITALY ITALY ITALY Water at 45°C produced per m
2
of solar surface (litres) 80 90 100
Heatable radiant surface (laying distance 10 cm) from 10 to 15 m
2
from 12 to 16 m2from 14 to 18 m
2
for every m2of solar
Relation between solar and swimming pool sup.
(for summer use - ca. 35% ca. 30% ca. 25%
water 26°C - night cover use)
8
Example of connection of the collectors in series
ATTENTION: do not connect more than n° 4 collectors in series
Probe S1
10
Example of connection of the collectors in parallel
TICHELMAN SYSTEM
EXAMPLE 3
Probe S1
Probe S1
12
reinforcements for stabilisation.
MATERIALS:
- All pipes making up the solar circuit must be in copper. The use of other materials such as zinc, stainless steel, plastic, brass and similar is not recommended. If materials different from copper are used, it will be impossible to guarantee correct functioning of the system.
- All joints must be welded or with tightening connections for copper pipes. The use of any other materials can jeopardise the sealing of the joints through time.
- To prevent sealing problems of the hydraulic joints of the solar circuit owing to heat stress, always check the distance at which the field of solar collectors is found with respect to the storage tanks. In all cases it is recommended always to make the joints with high temperature Teflon.
- The copper pipes must be insulated using a sheath for high temperatures such as the Kloben Solare.
CHECKS:
- Check that, with the system unloaded, the expansion vessel is calibrated at 2 bar.
- Check the correct connection of the probes to the solar control unit.
- Check that the solar control unit is connected correctly to the mains.
- Check that the setting of the solar control unit parameters is in compliance with that prescribed in the design phase.
N.B.: The solar collectors cannot remain exposed to solar radiation for long periods of time without being
loaded (ten days).
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