KLING & FREITAG TOPAS User Manual

System Amplifier K&F TOPAS

User's Manual

Important Information,
Please Read Before Use!

KLING & FREITAG GmbH
Junkersstraße 14
D-30179 Hannover
TEL [phone]
FAX [phone]
www.kling-freitag.de

Version 3.1

Released: 25.03.2014

User's manual System Amplifier K&F TOPAS

Table of contents

1

1.1 Symbols in User's Manual 6

1.2 Information about this User's Manual 6

2

3

3.1 TOPAS Power Amplifier 8

3.2 Concept of a Network Enabled Amplifier 8

3.3 Scope of Delivery 9

4

4.1 Setup Location 10

4.2 Connectors and Controls 11

4.3 Mains Connector 14

Introduction 6

General Safety Instructions 7
Product Description 8

Installation and Connection 10

4.1.1 Rack Mounting 10

4.2.1 Front 11

4.2.2 Rear 12

4.3.1 Dimensioning of Power Supply System and Cool Air Supply 14

5

5.1 Modes of Operation 15

5.2 Configuring the Modes of Operation 15

5.3 Operating Concept 16

5.4 Network 18

5.5 Audio Functions 21

Configuration and Operation 15

5.1.1 Standby Mode 15

5.1.2 Operating Mode 15

5.1.3 Error Mode 15

5.3.1 Displays and Controls 16

5.3.2 Integrated Web Interface 17

5.4.1 Ethernet Ports 18

5.4.2 Network Topology 19

5.4.3 IP Address Assignment 20

5.4.4 Allocating the Device in the Network 21

5.4.5 Programmes to Allocate mDNS Devices 21

5.4.6 Network Security 21

5.5.1 Audio In-, Outputs 22

5.5.1.1 Analogue Inputs 22

5.5.1.2 AES/EBU digital input (can be optionally activated) 22

5.5.2 Connecting Speakers 22

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5.5.3 Input Signal Processing 23

5.5.3.1 Input Sensitivity 24

5.5.3.2 Routing 24

5.5.3.3 Gain Control 24

5.5.3.4 Front Panel Gain Control 24

5.5.3.5 Delay 25

5.6 Control 26

5.6.1 General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) 26

5.6.1.1 Control Inputs (GPI) 26

5.6.1.2 Control Outputs (GPO) 26

5.6.2 Control via the Kling & Freitag Remote Software 27

5.6.3 Control via the XML Scripts 27

6

6.1 Menu Overview 28

6.2 Web Interface Status 29

6.3 Web Interface Audio 31

6.4 Web Interface Setup 35

6.5 Web Interface Help 46

Web Interface 28

6.3.1 Audio Settings 31

6.3.2 Speaker Configuration 33

6.3.3 Input Configuration 34

6.4.1 Software Update 35

6.4.2 Network Settings 37

6.4.3 Device Description 38

6.4.4 Password Administration 39

6.4.5 Power-On Options 40

6.4.6 Settings Controls 41

6.4.7 Settings GPIO 42

6.4.8 Backup 45

6.5.1 Help Topics 46

6.5.2 Contact Address 47

6.5.3 Amplifier Information 48

7

7.1 Hardware 49

7.2 Troubleshooting 50

8

8.1 Amplifier 52

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Service 49

7.1.1 Replace/Clean the Air Filters 49

7.1.2 Replacing the Fuse 49

7.1.3 Replacing the Backup Battery of the Real Time Clock 49

Technical SpecificationsTOPAS 52

User's manual System Amplifier K&F TOPAS

8.2 Signal Processing 52

8.3 Dimensions and Weight 53

9

9.1 Regulations for Disposal 54

10

10.1 CB Test Certificate 55

10.2 EC Declaration of Conformity 56

11

11.1 Parametric Filters 57

Disposal 54

9.1.1 Germany 54

9.1.2 EU, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein 54

9.1.3 All other Countries 54

Certificates and declarations 55

Appendix 57

11.1.1 Bell = Bell Filter 57

11.1.2 HShelv = High Shelving Filter 58

11.1.3 LShelv = Low Shelving Filter 58

11.1.4 HighP = High Pass Filter 61

11.1.5 LowP = Low Pass Filter 61

11.1.6 AP = All Pass Filter 63

11.1.7 Notch = Notch Filter 63

12

Notes 64

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Caution

User's manual System Amplifier K&F TOPAS

1. Introduction

Thank you for your decision to buy a KLING & FREITAG product. With the purchase of a
K&F TOPAS, you have acquired a device with the hightest possible quality and performance
capabilities. To guarantee a trouble-free operating of the equipment and to allow your
device to achieve its full potential please read the operating instructions carefully before use.
As the owner of a TOPAS, you now have a versatile and highly professional tool by your side..

1.1 Symbols in User's Manual

This symbol indicates the possibility of life-threatening danger and a health risk for persons.
Not following these instructions may result in serious health problems including potentially
fatal injuries.

This symbol indicates a possibly dangerous situation. Not following these instructions may
cause minor injuries or cause property damage.

This symbol gives instructions for the proper use of the described products. Not following
these instructions may cause malfunctions or property damage.

Tip

This symbol indicates notes that help you to handle the described products easier.

1.2 Information about this User's Manual

© KLING & FREITAG GMBH, all rights reserved.
All specifications in this manual are based on information available at the time of publishing

for the features and safety guidelines of the described products.
Technical specifications, measurements, weights and properties are not guaranteed.
The manufacturer reserves the right to make product alterations within legal provisions as

well as changes to improve product quality.

All persons who use the amp must have this guide and all further information for safe
operations available to them during assembly, disassembly, and use. The amp may neither
be set up nor used until this manual has been read, understood and kept readily available on
site.

We appreciate any input with suggestions and improvements for this manual. Please send this
to us at the following address:

[e-mail] or to:
KLING & FREITAG GMBH Junkersstr.14 D-30179 Hannover.
Phone [phone], Fax [phone].

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User's manual System Amplifier K&F TOPAS

2. General Safety Instructions

Power supply

• Before connecting to the power supply system, check if the local voltage matches the
voltage marked on the device. If this is not the case, then the unit needs to be adapted
by the manufacturer or an authorized service centre. Connect the device under any
circumstances, to an unauthorized power supply source. This could irreparably ruin the
device.

• Make sure that the power outlet supplies a ground connector, which must be
connected to the device via the PE conductor of the power cord!

• Power cords should be laid in such a way that they are protected against footstep
damages, tensile strain and against being trapped.

• To completely disconnect this apparatus from the ac mains, disconnect the power
supply cord plug from the receptacle.

• Furthermore, the power plug must be easily accessible for use at all times.

• All equipment, which is connected together using signal cables and has a connection to
protective earth, must be connected to a common PE conductor. If not, there is a risk of
an electric shock or the destruction of the connected equipment.

• The built-in lithium battery must be replaced by qualified personnel only.

• Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with the same or
equivalent type.

Warning

Caution

Caution

Connections

• There is a risk of electric shock or damage of the device if you connect an output with
protective ground, an input or to another output!

• According to the EMC directive, always use proper shielded cables with appropriate
connectors.

• There's risk of fire, if the speaker cables don't correspond to the amplfier's output
power capabilities!

• This device is not designed for home use.

Maintenance and technical service

The user should not perform any maintenance work on the equipment other than that which
is described in this manual. Repairs have to be executed by a qualified service technician only.

In the following cases, the device should be serviced by an authorized technician only if:

• the power cord or the mains connector have been damaged.

• objects or liquids have gotten into the device.

• it was exposed to rain.

• the device doesn't appear to be functioning properly.

• it has fallen down or the enclosure is damaged.

Do not install devices in any of the following places:

• where the units are permanently exposed to direct sunlight.

• near other heat sources or open fire.

• where the airflow for cooling is blocked.

• where the devices are exposed to high moisture.

• where the devices are exposed to strong vibrations and dust.

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• Do not expose batteries or battery pack to excessive heat such an sunshine, fire or the
like.

Intrusion of liquids

• No objects or liquids should intrude or leak into the equipment.

• To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, do not expose this apparatus to rain or
moisture an objects filled with liquids, such as vases, should not be placed on this
apparatus.

Protecting the Speakers / Operating Safety

To prevent speaker damage, only connect the speaker cables when no signal is present on
the outputs.

Unwanted interference

RF interference on the power cord or on the line signal cables may lead to unwanted sound
interference.

In the case your are using the optional AES/EBU input, it is possible that a complete drop out
of the audio signal is possible caused by strong electromagnetic interference . This may not
be announced, like anaolg signals, by audible disturbances.

Pauses in use

The power cord should be disconnected from the power source during longer pauses in use.

Cleaning

The equipment should only be cleaned with a damp cloth when it is not plugged in.

Transportation

When transporting the device, make sure that it is protected from vibrations.

3. Product Description

3.1 TOPAS Power Amplifier

The TOPAS is a network-capable, dual-channel DSP amplifier for fixed installations. The DSP­Amplifier was specially designed for optimal operation with Kling & Freitag loudspeakers. It is
also possible for use with other speaker systems.

Via Ethernet, the TOPAS can be highly variably switched on and off, controlled and
monitored. The four General Pupose Inputs (GPIs) allow you to adjust volume (digital VCA),
switch on/off the amplifier. mute the channels and switch the inputs of the audio signal.

You can assign events to the outputs such as amplifier status, mute status of the channels or
PRIO audio activity via the web interface. Two open collector outputs and a potential free
relay contact are available.

Further features include the integrated web server for concise configuration, easy location of
all devices in the network using AutoIP/mDNS, and the configurable access control with user/
password. The TOPAS can be operated remotely, no matter which operating system is used.
Because of the redundant firmware, updates are save and easy.

The standby power consumption is limited to 4.5 watts. The amplifier is ready to operate
within a few seconds after power on. The activation can be set via a signal over GPI, ethernet
or by pressing the front button.

The TOPAS allows you to monitor the internal protection circuits (Clipping, DC, short circuit,
temperature, voltage) via the web interface or soon, over a remote application. Permanent
monitoring of the processor via watchdog and load monitoring of the connected speakers in
the future is guaranteed. All events can be monitored via web interface or GPIO.

The functionality, performance capability, and expandability of the TOPAS ensure you a high
planning and investment reliability.

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3.2 Concept of a Network Enabled Amplifier

The TOPAS was developed to enable the highest possible operating safety of an entire sound
system. In the future, it offers not only speaker-specific pre-amplifier control functions such as
equalisation and limiters, but also further functions, such as:

• permanent status monitoring of the processor

• continuous load-monitoring in order to monitor the connected speakers,
The amplifier is, therefore, an intelligent device for the monitored channels.
If the amplifier is used in a multi-channel installation, the status information of the amplifiers

must be provided to a central control unit. This device can be a media control system,
a computer, or a simple display on a control console. For this networking with other
components of the given control infrastructure, several interfaces are available:

• analogue interfaces (GPIO) in 0-10V and open collector technology

• Ethernet ports
The Ethernet ports offer:

• access to the configuration via the integrated web interface

• monitoring of several amplifiers using the Kling & Freitag remote software, which will
be available at a later date

• HTTP/XML interface for controlling via XML-Post/Request media control units

To enable an affordable and powerful networking with standard components, the device
has a 10/100Mb Ethernet adapter. An integrated switch provides two rear mounted Ethernet
ports for connecting several devices. Additionally, there is a front port for service purposes.

When using a configurable Ethernet switch (RSTP Switch) (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol), you
can also setup redundant ring networks.

Locating the device in the network is also possible without knowing an IP address using the
standardised ZeroConf/AutoIP protocols.

3.3 Scope of Delivery

The following is included in delivery:

• 1 x Device Kling & Freitag TOPAS

• 1 x PowerCon mains power cable

• 2 x Terminal block 9 x 3.84mm (for GPI, audio)

• 1 x Terminal block 4 x 5mm (speaker out)

• 1 x Admin-password label

• 1 x Printed user's manual with safety instructions

Please note that the mains cables are delivered with varying connector options or with open
wires (mains side), depending on the country or order number.

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User's manual System Amplifier K&F TOPAS

4. Installation and Connection

4.1 Setup Location

The TOPAS should be installed in a dust free environment, if possible.

Condensation water might damage the device.

As you unpack the device, note the difference between the amplifier and ambient
temperature. At a high temperature difference, you have to wait a sufficiently long time
before you take the device out of plastic wrap.

The humidity should not exceed 80%.
The ambient operating temperature should not exceed 40°C (see page 14). If necessary,

cool the environment of the location with suitable equipment. If the TOPAS overheats, it
automatically switches to the error mode.

From 95°C operating temperature of the TOPAS volume controls automatically shut down by
6 dB.

To avoid overheating, do not adjust the volume somewhere else in the audio system. The
device would automatically switch to the error mode and should be cooled down and reset
for subsequent operation.

Caution

Do not install devices in any of the following places:

• where the devices are permanently exposed to direct sunlight.

• near other heat sources or open fire.

• where the airflow for cooling is blocked.

• where the devices are exposed to high moisture.

• where the devices are exposed to strong vibrations and dust.

Do not put liquids on or near the device.

4.1.1 Rack Mounting

The TOPAS is intended to be mounted in 19” racks. It requires two rack units (88mm) with an
installation depth of 455mm.

When mounting the amplifier in the rack, ensure adequate ventilation in front of and behind
it. The cooling air is taken in through the front and the heated air is rejected out the back.

Ensure that the TOPAS is safely mounted in the rack. Fasten the device on the front (rack
bars) and on the back with four adequately dimensioned screws each.

The vents may not be blocked or closed.

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4.2 Connectors and Controls

4.2.1 Front

The following connectors and controls are on the front panel:

Position Name Description

A Volume channel 1,

channel 2

B Status display channel

1

C Status display channel

2

D Left air filter holder Push-push lid. Push to open.

E Front Ethernet port Access to all devices on the network (switch), for

F Status display remote Indicates that the device is being monitored/

G ON/STANDBY button Switches the device between the operating mode

H Status display BRIDGE Indicates that the device is in bridge mode.

I Right air filter holder Push-push lid. Push to open.

Behind the air filter holder [D]
(see page 24)

Display of operational status, signal, limit and
protection circuits.
(see page 15)

service purposes. (see page 18)

controlled via network.

and the standby mode.
(see page 15)

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4.2.2 Rear

On the rear panel are the following connections:

Position Name Description

A Input, link for

digital audio signals
according to AES/EBU

B Terminal connector

for GPI and GPO

C Terminal connector

for analogue audio
inputs 1, 2 and
priority input

D Analog audio input

for channel 2

E Analog audio input

for channel 1

F Name plate Serial number, MAC address, exact device name

This interface can be optionally activated. Please
contact your dealer to unlock the AES/EBU interface
with a password.
XLR, pin assignment 1=ground, 2=+, 3=­110 ohms cables are recommended.
Please see chapter 5.4.1.

Please see chapter 5.5.
Suitable connectors:
9 pin terminal block, 3.81mm grid
e.g. Phoenix Contact order no. 1803646 or 1748040,
Würth order no. 691 361 300 009

Mating Connectors: 9 pin
terminal block, pitch 3.81mm
eg Phoenix Contact No. 1803646 or 1748040,
Würth Art 691 361 300 009

XLR Pin 1=ground, 2=+, 3=­Please note chapter 5.4.1.

G Ethernet ports Access to the network.

All connections are equal.
RJ45 IEEE 802.1
10/100Mbps, half-or full-duplex (auto), auto
detection of the polarity (no crossover cable
required).
CAT5 or higher recommended.
Please note chapter 5.3.

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Position Name Description

H Speaker outputs Neutrik Speakon (R)

Pin Output1: CH1 = 1+/1-, CH2 = 2+/2­Pin Output2: CH2 = 1+/1-, CH1 = 2+/2-

terminal block

CH2+ CH2- CH1+ CH1­Matching plug connector
Terminal block 4 pin, male (reversed), 5.08mm
eg Phoenix Contact No. 1786190,
Würth Art 691 348 500 004

I Mains Connector Powercon Neutrik (R)

The nominal voltage and rated current of the
device.

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Caution

User's manual System Amplifier K&F TOPAS

4.3 Mains Connector

Power supply

Before connecting to the power supply system, check if the local voltage matches the voltage
marked on the device. Connect the device under any circumstances, to an unauthorized
power supply source. This could irreparably ruin the device. The device then needs to be
adapted to the required mains voltage by Kling & Freitag or an authorized service centre.

Make sure that the power outlet supplies a ground connector, which must be connected to
the device via the PE conductor of the power cord!

All equipment, which is connected together using signal cables and has a connection to
protective earth, must be connected to a common PE conductor. If not, there is a risk of an
electric shock or the destruction of the connected equipment. The power plug must always
be used to disconnect from the power supply. Furthermore, the power plug must be easily
accessible for use at all times.

Protection of electrical cables

Power cords should be laid in such a way that they are protected against footstep damages,
tensile strain and against being trapped.

Pay attention to the stated mains voltage under the mains connector. Connection to an
incorrect mains voltage may result in irreparable damage!

After connecting the device to the mains supply (power supply start-up), undefined voltages
may occur at the GPO connectors for approx. 50ms.

In order to deactivate the device completely, you have to disconnect it from the mains
voltage completely.

4.3.1 Dimensioning of Power Supply System and Cool Air Supply

To determine the power consumption in the operating mode - with active power amplifier
section - you must know the rated power of the connected speakers. The average efficiency
of the TOPAS is 65%.

You can estimate the maximum input power based on the peak output of the connected
speakers. The best performance is ensured when the power supply provides the 1.5 fold of
the sum of the peak output of all connected speakers.

If you want to switch on all amplifiers simultaneously, you must observe the inrush current
of 7A. Take advantage of the delay to avoid in order to sequentially turn on the connected
devices and an overload of the power supply system. (see page 40)

To calculate the TOPAS' average heat emission at rated output, multiply the rated power of
the connected speakers by 0.5.
Example:
10 CA1001 in use (5 TOPAS)
CA1001 250W rated power, 500W programme power
Power consumption 10 x 500W x 1.5 = 7500W
Heat: 10 x 250W x 0.5 = 1250W

Design and calculate the installation allowing for a reserve in the waste heat capacity.
When calculating, also take other heat sources near the device into consideration.

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5. Configuration and Operation

5.1 Modes of Operation

The device has three modes of operation:

• the standby mode,

• the operating mode,

• the error mode.

5.1.1 Standby Mode

After you have connected the TOPAS to the power supply, the device switches into standby
mode as a factory setting.

The main power supply and the audio signal processing are deactivated. The network and
the control elements are still available when the device is in the standby mode. The standby
power consumption is less than 5W.

If you want the amplifier to start up in the operating mode after being switched on, you can
change this in the web interface (see page 40). This can be useful when the amplifier once
again comes back to life after a power failure and the device should automatically switch to
operating mode.

Caution

5.1.2 Operating Mode

Different events can trigger the amplifier to switch to the operating mode 'ON' (ready for
operation). The operating status is visually indicated on both channels by illuminating the top
status indicators (LEDs). (see page 11 - Pos.B / C)

The amplifier is ready to operate within a few seconds after power on.

5.1.3 Error Mode

The amplifier switches to the error mode when there are serious errors.
The main power supply is switched off in the error mode.

If you are able to determine that external error influences (such as short circuits, etc.) and
you can correct it, you can reset the amplifier on the power button or on the web interface.

Please contact your dealer.
To determine the actual source for the shut-down due to an error, Kling & Freitag has to

examine the device. To have this done, you must send it in. (see manufacturer address on
page 6) Ask your dealer.

5.2 Configuring the Modes of Operation

With the following actions, you can switch between the standby and the operating modes:

• push the front button,

• via web interface,

• impulse via GPI,

• command via XML/Remote.

When the TOPAS is connected to a power supply, it automatically switches to the standby
mode. If you want the amplifier to switch to the operating mode after being connected to
the power supply, you can change this in the web interface (see page 40).

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The amplifier is equipped with a thermal inrush current limiter. To prevent an excessively
high inrush current when quickly switching between operating and standby modes, the
device has a power-on delay (which is integrated into the firmware) of approx. 10 seconds.

You can configure the power-on events in the web interface under the menu item Setup »
on/standby.

5.3 Operating Concept

The TOPAS is a network-capable, dual-channel DSP amplifier for fixed installations. The unit
has a variety of functions and settings that are too complex for a standard display. This is why
we do without such a display. You can comfortably control and monitor the device with the
integrated web interface via Ethernet (remote or XML), GPIO's, or with the remote software
that will be available at a later date.

You can find general instructions for using the web interface in the chapter Integrated
Web Interface (page 17). Information for configuration is in the respective function
descriptions.

For the most important parameter requests (on/standby, volume control) are in addition to
the web interface controls and status displays on the device.

5.3.1 Displays and Controls

Position Name Description

A Volume channel 1 Gain control channel 1

B Volume channel 2 Gain control channel 2

C Channel Ready LED If the corresponding amplifier channel is ready

for operation, this status display (LED) green. This
display is also available for channel 2.

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Position Name Description

D Channel Protect LED This LED indicates an error in the corresponding

channel. It can be triggered by an active protection
circuit or an over temperature failure in the
channel.

E Signal LED The signal LEDs will light up green if the input

signal level is greater than -40dB.

F Limit LED This LED lights up red when the output level of the

relevant channel comes under the influence of a
limiting circuit. This can be the peak limiter or the
RMS limiter of the speaker block.

G Remote LED Indicates that the unit is being monitored or

controlled via a network connection.

H ON/STANDBY button

with status display

I Bridge LED Indicates that the amplifier is operating in bridged

You can switch between the ON and the STANDBY
mode by pushing this button. The integrated LED
lights up yellow when the device is in standby
mode. In ON mode, the LED is green.

mode.

5.3.2 Integrated Web Interface

To enable fast, safe, and clearly arranged use of the TOPAS, we integrated a high­performance web interface instead of a display. This not only allows you to configure the
device from any place in the network, but you can also monitor and update it.

For you to have monitoring and controlling to the amplifier via the web interface, the
following requirements must be fulfilled:

• An ethernet-capable computer is connected to the TOPAS network. Please refer to the
chapter network (see page 18).

• On this ethernet-capable computer is a service for finding Zeroconf / mDNS enabled
devices exist or the IP of the TOPAS is known. (see page 21)

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Start your browser by selecting the device in the mDNS service or enter the IP address directly
into the browser address bar.

Please note that the access to some functions can be limited due to different access rights.
You can set the passwords for the access rights in the web interface (see page 39).

In the first password request of the TOPAS please fill in the fields:

• Username: master

• Password: master

You should change the passwords entered by the manufacturer in the web interface. (see
page 39)

Now you can use all functions of the amplifier. You will find detailed descriptions of the
individual functions in the following chapters. You can open the individual function menus
using the navigation bar of the web interface. An overview of all configuration pages is in
the following chapter.

In the web interface, there is integrated help available for some of the device's functions. You
can find it in the menu item 'Help'.

5.4 Network

5.4.1 Ethernet Ports

The TOPAS has three RJ45 Ethernet ports. Two are on the back of the device. The interfaces
are connected to one another and with the DSP unit via an internal switch. All ports have the
same priority.

The ports recognize the connected device automatically. Speeds of 10/100Mbit/s, half or full­duplex as well as polarity recognition are supported. The use of crossover cables or adapters
is not necessary, but possible.

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5.4.2 Network Topology

Depending on the demands on the system stability of the network, you can setup different
network topologies.

If you want to setup a ring topology with Ethernet networks, switches are necessary to
enable flexible adjustment of the routings. Otherwise, collisions and packet loss can occur
because of data packages circling in the ring topology. All mechanisms necessary for
administering ring topologies and for quickly switching to alternate routes if there is an error
in a branch of the network are standardised as '(Rapid-) Spanning-Tree' protocols and are
supported by many managed switches.

Depending on the safety demands of the usage, we recommend the following network
topologies:

1. Daisy-Chaining (no redundancy)

Daisy chaining is the simplest way to network several amplifiers. In this case, no external
switch aside from the integrated switches is necessary.

Please ensure that all amplifiers are connected to the electric circuit. Otherwise, the
network signals cannot be passed on via the integrated switch.

2. Star (Malfunction of several amplifiers, large unmanaged switch)

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Using a non-configurable switch with a sufficient number of ports guarantees the
stability of the system even if several amplifiers fail. If the switch malfunctions, you
cannot reach any amplifier.

3. Simple Redundancy: Malfunction of one amplifier, small managed switch

If two ports of a managed switch are available, you can set up a simple ring. You must
configure the switch accordingly. By doing this, even if one device malfunctions, all others
are reachable. If the switch malfunctions, you cannot reach any amplifier.

Please ensure that all amplifiers are connected to the electric circuit. Otherwise, the
network signals cannot be passed on via the integrated switch.

4. Multiple Redundancy with Switch, two large switches (managed)

Double star-shaped cabling with two configurable sufficiently sized switches provides
operating safety if one switch and any number of amplifiers fail.

The TOPAS' controller (DSP/network) is equipped with its own power supply unit that
is independent of the main power supply. This ensures safe operations of the network
connections even if the main power supply fails (overload, overheating).

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