KLING & FREITAG CD 44 User Manual

K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

User's Manual

Important Information, Please Read Before Use!

KLING & FREITAG GmbH Junkersstraße 14 D-30179 Hannover TEL +49 (0) 511 96 99 70 FAX +49 (0) 511 67 37 94 www.kling-freitag.de

Version 11.6

Released: 17.12.2014

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

Table of contents

1.1 Symbols in User's Manual 6

1.2 Information about this User's Manual 6

5.1 Use of the CD 44-AutoUpdater 10

6.1 Front 12

6.2 Rear 14

Introduction 6

Safety Instructions 7 General Safety Instructions 7 Product Description 8 Software and Firmware Update 10

5.1.1 Determine update interval 10

5.1.2 Update history 10

Connectors, Functions, Controls and Displays 12

Making Adjustments and Navigating Through the Menus 15

7.1 The Use of the Shortcut Buttons 15

7.1.1 Parametric Filters 'PEQ' + SEQ LShelv (Filter A Button) 15

7.1.2 Switchable, Speaker Specific Filters 21

7.1.3 Input and Output Gains (Gain Button) 23

7.1.4 Input and Output Delays (Delay Button) 24

7.2 InfoWindow: Display of Basic Settings 24

7.3 Main Menu 25

7.4 Submenu 25

7.5 Setups in editing mode 25

7.5.1 Editing mode with one editing line 26

7.5.2 Editing mode with several editing lines 26

7.5.3 Editing Mode with Selection Lines 27

7.5.4 Menu Tree of the CD 44 and Explanation of the Functions 28

7.5.5 Functions of the Menu Item ‘Setup’ 29

7.5.6 Functions of the Menu Items under ‘In’ 30

7.5.7 Functions of the Menu Items under ‘Out’ 33

7.5.7.1 9.6.4Functions of the Menu Items under ‘Util’ 40

Routings with Examples of Use and Connecting Diagrams 41

8.1 'Rack Unit' Connecting Diagram for 1 CD 44 and 2 Amplifiers 41

8.2 K&F 'System Rack' Connecting Diagram 42

8.3 Routing '1 in 4 out' / Setup 'Example 1' 43

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

8.3.1 Block Diagram, 'Example 1' 43

8.3.2 Setup 'Example 1', T5 / T9 with B10 on 2 Channels 43

8.4 Routing '1 in 4 out (Linked)' / Setup 'Example 2' 44

8.4.1 Block Diagram 'Example 2' 44

8.4.2 Setup 'Example 2', 4 x Line 212-6 with 4 x SW 215E 45

8.5 Routing '2 in 4 out' / Setup 'Example 3' 46

8.5.1 Block Diagram 'Example 3' 46

8.5.2 Setup 'Example 3', Line 212/SW 215E & Monitor CA 1215/SW 115E 46

8.6 Routing '2 in 4 out (Linked)' / Setup 'Example 4' 47

8.6.1 Setup 'Example 4', Line 212 / SW 215E, stereo 48

8.7 Routing '4 in 4 out' / Setup 'Example 5' 49

8.7.1 Block Diagram 'Example 5' 49

8.7.2 Setup 'Example 5', 4- Way Monitor Setup 49

8.8 Routing '1 in 2 + 2 in 2' / Setup 'Example 6' 50

8.8.1 Block Diagram 'Example 6' 50

8.8.2 Setup 'Example 6', Front: CA1515 / SW118E + 2 Adjoining Rooms 50

8.9 Routing '1 in 3 + AUX' / Setup 'Example 7' 51

8.9.1 Block Diagram 'Example 7' 51

8.9.2 Setup 'Example 7', 3 x SEQUENZA 10 B Cardioid + SW 115 E 51

8.10 Routing '1 in 4 in 4' / Setup 'Example 8' 52

8.10.1 Block Diagram 'Example 8' 53

8.10.2 Setup 'Example 8', Delay-Line 53

8.11 Routing '1 in 3 + 1 in 1' / Setup 'Example 9' 54

8.11.1 Block Diagram 'Example 9' 54

8.11.2 Setup 'Example 9', T5 / T9 with B5 and additional Bass B10 54

8.12 Routing '2 in 4 in 4' / Setup 'Example 10' 56

8.12.1 Block Diagram 'Example 10' 56

8.12.2 Setup 'Example 10 56

8.13 Routing '1 in 2 + Aux + 1 in 1' / Setup 'Example 11' 57

8.13.1 Block Diagram 'Example 11' 57

8.13.2 Setup 'Example 11 57

8.14 Patching: Analog 1&2 Mix / Routing '2 in 4 in 4' / Setup 'Example 12 58

8.14.1 Block Diagram 'Example 12' 58

8.14.2 Setup 'Example 12' 59

8.15 Sequenza 10 N / W Routing '1 in 4 out' / Setup 'Example 13' 59

8.15.1 Block Diagram 'Example 13' 60

8.15.2 Setup 'Example 13' 60

8.16 Sequenza 10 N / W: Routing '1 in 2 + Aux + 1 in 1' / Setup 'Example 14' 61

8.16.1 Block Diagram 'Example 14' 61

8.16.2 Setup 'Example 14' 62

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

8.17 Patching: Analogue 1&2 Mix / Routing '1 in 2 in 2 + 2 in 2' / Setup 'Example 15' 64

8.17.1 Block diagram, 'Example 15' 64

8.17.2 Setup 'Example 15' 64

11.1 Operating several Speakers per CD 44 Channel 66

11.2 The correct Level Balance between Subwoofer and Top Speakers 66

12.1 General Instructions 71

12.2 Transmissions over long Distances 72

16.1 Germany 76

16.2 EU, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein 76

Subwoofer with integrated Crossover 64 SP Speakers 65 Recommendations for Configuration 66

11.2.1 SW 112 / SW 115D / SW 115E / SW 118E 66

11.2.2 SW 215E / ACCESS B5 & B10 / SEQUZENZA 10 B / NOMOS XLC 69

Instructions for AES / EBU Data Transmission 71

Wiring 72 Operating the Speakers 72 Technical Specifications CD 44 74 Disposal 76

16.3 All other Countries 76

Warning

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

1. Introduction

Thank you for your decision to buy a KLING & FREITAG product. To guarantee a trouble-free operating of the equipment and to allow your device to achieve its full potential please read the operating instructions carefully before use.

With the purchase of the CD 44 Controller, you have acquired a device with the highest possible quality and performance capabilities.

As the owner of this system, you now have a versatile and highly professional tool which, when operated properly, is a true pleasure to use.

1.1 Symbols in User's Manual

This symbol indicates the possibility of life-threatening danger and a health risk for persons. Not following these instructions may result in serious health problems including potentially fatal injuries.

This symbol indicates a possibly dangerous situation. Not following these instructions may cause minor injuries or cause property damage.

Caution

Tip

This symbol gives instructions for the proper use of the described products. Not following these instructions may cause malfunctions or property damage.

This symbol indicates notes that help you to handle the described products easier.

1.2 Information about this User's Manual

for the features and safety guidelines of the described products. Technical specifications, measurements, weights and properties are not guaranteed. The manufacturer reserves the right to make product alterations within legal provisions as

well as changes to improve product quality.

All persons who use the speaker system must have this guide and all further information for safe operations available to them during assembly, disassembly, and use. The speaker system may neither be set up nor used until this manual has been read, understood and kept readily available on site.

We appreciate any input with suggestions and improvements for this manual. Please send this to us at the following address:

info@kling-freitag.de or to: KLING & FREITAG GMBH Junkersstr.14 D-30179 Hannover. Phone +49 (0) 511 96 99 70, Fax +49 (0) 511 67 37 94.

Danger

Warning

Caution

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

2. Safety Instructions

This symbol indicates a possibly dangerous situation. Failure to follow these instructions can lead to malfunctions in the product or in the

environment.

This symbol gives instructions for the proper use of the described products. Failure to follow these instructions can lead to malfunctions in the product or in the

environment.

3. General Safety Instructions

Do not install devices in any of the following places:

Warning

• where the units are permanently exposed to direct sunlight.

• near other heat sources or open fire.

• where the airflow for cooling is blocked.

• where the devices are exposed to high moisture.

• where the devices are exposed to strong vibrations and dust.

Power supply

Before connecting to the power supply system, check if the local voltage matches the voltage marked on the device. The device then needs to be adapted to the required mains voltage by Kling & Freitag or an authorized service centre. Connect the device under any circumstances, to an unauthorized power supply source. This could irreparably ruin the device.

Make sure that the power outlet supplies a ground connector, which must be connected to the device via the PE conductor of the power cord!

All devices interconnected over signal lines with connection to a protective earth must be connected to a common protective earth. If not, there is a risk of an electric shock or the destruction of the connected equipment. The power plug must always be used to disconnect from the power supply. Furthermore, the power plug must be easily accessible for use at all times.

Protection of electrical cables

Power cables should be routed so that they are protected against impact damage and tensile stress caused by jamming between objects.

Transportation

When transporting the device, make sure that it is protected from vibrations.

Cleaning

The equipment should only be cleaned with a damp cloth when it is not plugged in.

Pauses in use

The power cord should be disconnected from the power source during longer pauses in use.

Intrusion of liquids

It should always be ensured that no liquids get into the device.

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

Maintenance and technical service

The user should not perform any maintenance or repair work on the unit which goes beyond the work described in this manual. This must be carried out by qualified specialist staff.

The device may only be repaired by qualified specialist staff when, for example:

• the power cord or the mains connector have been damaged.

• objects or liquids have gotten into the device.

• the device has been exposed to rain.

• the device doesn't appear to be functioning properly.

• it has fallen down or the housing is damaged.

Unwanted interference

RF interference on the power cord or on the line signal cables may lead to unwanted sound interference.

4. Product Description

The signal processor CD 44 is a digital 4 in 4-way speaker controller that can process both analogue and digital signals in the AES/EBU format up to 192 kHz.

The controller is equipped with the finest AD and DA state-of-the-art converters as well as 3 micro-controllers and 8! integrated signal processors (DSP). It not only offers excellent audio results, but also a multitude of special features and novel functions: CD 44

Multi-level memory concept for parameter management

The parameter sets for almost all K&F speaker systems are saved in the form of macros in the device (the so-called ‘LS-Blocks’). They can be copied as a complete set of data and independently of one another into each of the 4 output channels.

The specification of one K&F phase reference for multi-way operations is advantageous because of its high level of compatibility. Without requiring phase adjustments, the various K&F tops can be combined with all K&F subwoofers.

Additional LS-Blocks ‘Flat’ facilitate the integration of third-party products (with limitations) or the processing and linking of signals to speakers with integrated filters and amplifier electronics.

14 pre-configured routings allow every reasonable configuration from up to 4 different input signals to the 4 output channels.

Frequently used combinations of routings and ‘LS-Blocks’ can be saved along with further parameters (such as Gain / Delay / PEQ) in up to 64 set-ups.

Two-step limiter concept

Two limiters work in each of the 4 output channels. A quick reacting “peak limiter” limits the peak level and, thus, the cone excursion of the connected speakers is kept at non-critical levels.

A slow reacting ‘RMS Limiter’ reduces the level when there is a risk that the permissible average power will be exceeded, thus resulting in the voice coils overheating.

The pre-set values have been established in extensive series of tests. With excellent sound qualities, they provide an outstanding compromise with regard to the peak levels and protection of the speaker systems.

Automatic determination of gain using sense technology

The CD 44 calculates the gain of the connected amplifiers in real-time and automatically corrects the limiters’ thresholds as soon as the gain of the connected amplifier should be changed (i.e. by using the input potentiometer or similar). Compared to conventional devices this results in a clearly improved reliability when adjusting the limiter thresholds.

Limiter reduction

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

The preset limiter thresholds can be reduced in fine increments for specific purposes. This function is advantageous when the connected speakers are to be subjected to a particularly long-lasting high load. In this case, the reduction of the limiter thresholds reduces the maximal thermal and mechanical stress, thus significantly extending the product life of the speakers.

Furthermore, these functions can also be used to limit the sound levels of the speakers. The integrated limiters and the function ‘Limiter Reduction’ can also be used for speakers

with integrated amplifier electronics. For this, the gain values of the utilised power amplifiers can be edited manually in the CD 44.

Operating with 'Shortcut' buttons

Four buttons with ‘Shortcut’ functions make it possible to directly jump to often-used functions without having to navigate through the menu. By pushing these buttons repeatedly, you access the functions of all input and output channels.

In doing so, the functions ‘Gain’, ‘Delay’, ‘Filter’ and ‘PEQ’ can be quickly and easily adjusted. Additionally, the LEDs which are integrated into the respective buttons indicate if these

functions have been changed as compared to the original settings.

31 Band One-Third Octave EQs

A separate 31 band one-third-octave EQ is assigned to each of the CD 44’s four input channels. Up to 16 different EQ setups can be saved and administrated in an individual EQ setup library. These EQ setups can be loaded in addition to the setups.

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

5. Software and Firmware Update

If software and firmware updates are available, they can be found in the download area of the Kling & Freitag website www.kling-freitag.de.

Software and firmware updates are necessary if Kling & Freitag LS-Blocks are made available for new speakers or the device’s range of function has been expanded. This ensures that the CD 44 will always be up-to-date and assured of a good future for speaker generations to come.

You receive the installation instructions when you execute the update.

5.1 Use of the CD 44-AutoUpdater

The CD 44-AutoUpdater allows you to keep all components of your CD 44 up-to-date. In addition to update your K&F software, the latest LS-Blocks will also be transferred to your hard drive, either automatically or manually, depending on the program setting. Once the process has completed, you can transfer the LS-Blocks to your CD 44 controller, as usual. This keeps your LS-Blocks up-to-date.

After installation, you can run the main program from the "Kling & Freitag" folder in the startmenu. If you are running the program for the first time, a start screen is shown. With the button of the start screen, you can set the update interval and your preferred language.

5.1.1 Determine update interval

The following possible update intervals and languages are available:

If you do not want to specify a time interval and select the option "never", you should start the update process manually from time to time.

We recommend that you adopt default interval "at each program start".

5.1.2 Update history

Before starting the update, ensure that your computer is connected to the Internet. During the update, you may be prompted to log in as an administrator. In Windows 7, for

example, you only need to confirm the displayed Administrator Note and the update is then completed without further system messages.

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

When the update starts, an update search and version synchronisation of the program and existing LS-Blocks with our company server will first run. The search result and version synchronisation will be shown in the information window.

If you have changed any files in the K&F system folder ("C:\Program Files (x86)\KlingFreitag \CD Remote\"), the folder will be renamed into an archiv folder and a new folder with the new updatefiles will be created.

The actual update process only takes a few seconds in most cases. If comments on the new LSBlocks are to be written, these are displayed in the Info window and stored in a log file.

If new LS-Blocks were copied to your hard drive, the Info window will show you where a log file was saved on your computer and under which name.

If the update finished successful you can transfer the new LS-Blocks to your CD 44 system controller and use the K&F software normally.

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

6. Connectors, Functions, Controls and Displays

6.1 Front

1 - 4: Speaker connectors (4x) 4-pin Speakon connectors. All Kling & Freitag speakers that are, by default, connected with

1+ / 1- can be plugged into these connectors.

Caution: The connectors with the position numbers 1 and 3 are connected differently than the connectors with the position numbers 2 and 4.

In some cases, mixing up the speaker channels can lead to destruction of the speakers (example: treble on bass output).

1. This output connector supplies the signal for the speaker channel 1. In this connector, the pin 1+ is bridged with 2+, the pin 1- with 2-. The signal for channel 1 is, therefore, applied to 1+ / 1- as well as 2+ / 2-.

2. This output connector transmits signals for 2 speaker channels: The signal for the speaker channel 2 is applied to 1+ / 1-. The signal for the speaker channel 1 is applied to 2+ / 2-.

3. This output connector supplies the signal for the speaker channel 3. On this connector, the pin 1+ is bridged with 2+ and pin 1- with 2-. The signal for channel 3 is, therefore, applied to 1+ / 1- as well as 2+ / 2-.

4. This output connector supplies signals for 2 speaker channels: The signal for the speaker channel 4 is applied to 1+ / 1-. The signal for the speaker channel 3 is applied to 2+ / 2-.

1 + 3: If you want to use the CD 44 to operate subwoofers whose 2 chassis are controlled by separate supply lines (ACCESS B5 and ACCESS B10), then you should use these connectors for these subwoofers in order to control the speakers via a common channel without an adapter (CH1 or CH3). Fore more information see configuration example on page 46.

2 + 4: You should use these connectors for ACCESS tops T5 and T9, Sequenza 10 N / W or NOMOS XLC, because these systems must be controlled using 2 channels.

In order to implement a one-cable system (control of a top and subwoofer via a 4-core supply cable), you must use these connectors, because the top and subwoofer must be controlled using 2 different channels.

5. Signal input connectors: INPUT 1 through INPUT 4, 3-pin XLR female connectors. These signal input connectors can be used both for analogue and for digital signals, in

accordance with the AES / EBU specifications. You must make the selection in the device about the type of signals it is being supplied with: digital or analogue. Select the type of

signal source before connecting the signals!

Upon delivery, the controller is pre-programmed for the use of analogue input signals. These inputs correspond to the connectors on the rear panel and are wired in parallel

with them.

Caution

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

Do not assign the inputs on the front and rear panel simultaneously. This can lead to malfunction or damage of other appliances!

• Operations with analogue input signals, settings: In » Input Patching » Analog

(Default, Flipped or 1&2 Mix): Pin configuration: 1 = ground / 2 = + / 3 = - . The LINE inputs are electronically balanced. The nominal input level is +6dBu (1.55Vrms). The maximum input level is +18dBu, that is, the peaks in the signal must not exceed +18dBu (6V).

• Operations with digital input signals, setting: In » Input Patching » Digital (Default,

Flipped or 1&2 Mix) The input connectors 'INPUT 3' and 'INPUT 4' are not used in this setup! Pin

configuration: 1 = ground / 2 and 3 = digital signal. To avoid unexpectedly high volume levels, reduce the controller’s input gains to a value of approx. –40 dBu before supplying these connectors with a digital signal directly from an audio source, and then adjust the level to your needs! Adjust input gain at: <In » Input1> through <Input4 » Gain>

6. SIGNAL PRESENT, LIMIT

• SIGNAL PRESENT: These LEDs light up green when a signal with a level higher than –

45 dBu is present at the XLR output connectors on the rear of the unit (Out 1 through Out 4).

• LIMIT: The output level of the controller is limited. As a result, the controller avoids

an output level of the power amplifiers which is too high for the connected speaker. These LEDs light up red as soon as the output level of the relevant channel comes under the influence of the controller’s limiters. A gently engaging RMS limiter and a fast peak limiter limit the output of the power amplifiers virtually inaudibly to the maximum permitted level. If the red limiter LEDs light up frequently, the level of the input signal should be reduced on the signal source preferably (i.e. on the mixing console).

7. Display To change the contrast, go to <Util » Display » Contrast>.

8. Knob Turn the knob to navigate through the menus and adjust the values. Push the knob to

confirm a selection, access the submenus, the command lines, and the settings.

9. EXIT botton You can confirm the chosen settings by pushing the EXIT button, and the menu returns to

the next higher level.

10. FILTER A Button (Shortcut Button) Pushing the FILTER A button allows you to directly access the freely adjustable parametric

filters (PEQs) without having to navigate through the menu. Up to four parametric filters (PEQs) are available for every active input channel. If a filter is active (BYP = bypass in edit mode not active), the blue LED on the FILTER A

button lights up. For a detailed description see chapter 'Parametric Filters 'PEQ' + SEQ LShelv' on page

15.

11. FILTER B Button (Shortcut Button) By pushing the FILTER B button, you can access pre-set speaker-specific filters, such as

High-Boost, Cluster and Bass Boost, etc. These filters cannot be adjusted by the user; they can only be switched on or off. If one of these filters is active, the blue LED on the FILTER B button lights up. FILTER B

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

For further information see chapter 'Switchable, Speaker Specific Filters' beginning on page 21.

12. GAIN Button (Shortcut Button) Pushing the GAIN button allows you to directly access the input and output gains without

having to navigate through the menu. GAIN After pushing the GAIN button, the first possible setting is for the signal input (input

gains). If you push it repeatedly, you access the output gains. GAIN If one of these gain values is not zero, the red LED on the GAIN button lights up. GAIN For more information, see Capter 'Input and Output Delays' on page 24.

13. REMOTE CONTROL This RJ45 connector allows for you to connect the CD 44 to a computer or integrate it

into a network in order to execute remote enquiries and remote control or to import software updates. The connection conforms to Ethernet standards. The IP address can be changed at <Util » IP Address>.

You can find the latest software versions on www.kling-freitag.de

6.2 Rear

Caution

1. Power Supply Connector IEC power socket 100 - 240 V~ / 50 - 60 Hz, I nominal: 150 - 100 mA. Connect this socket to a mains outlet using the mains cable supplied with the controller.

To avoid an unintentional loosening of the mains cable, the power supply connector is provided with a safety clamp. Flip the clamp over the connector of the mains cable after having plugged it into the power supply connector.

Pay attention to the stated mains voltage. Connection to an incorrect mains voltage may result in irreparable damage!

2. OUT 1 through OUT 4 3-pin XLR male connector, pin assignment: 1 = ground, 2 = +, 3 = These outputs deliver the line signal processed by the controller to the power amplifiers.

Connect these outputs to the inputs of the power amplifiers.

3. Signal input connectors: INPUT 1 through INPUT 4, 3-pin XLR female connectors. These connectors correspond to the connectors on the front and are wired in parallel

with them. For a detailed description of the inputs see page 9.

Do not assign the inputs on the front and rear panel simultaneously. This can lead to malfunction or damage of other appliances!

4. AMP RETURN / SENSE

1 + / 1 - = CH 1 1 + / 1 - = CD 3

and

2 + / 2 - = CH 2

2 + / 2 - = CH 4

Caution

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

You must plug the amplified output signals of the power amplifiers into these connectors (speaker signal).

The amplified output signals which are connected here are required by the limiters in the controller (sense signal). The signal is routed to the Speakon connectors CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 and CH 4 on the front, so that the speakers can be connected.

If the connectors 'AMP RETURN / SENSE' are not connected to the power amplifiers, then there is a risk that the speakers will be ruined. Exception: When using the CD 44 with SP speakers, the AMP RETURN / SENSE inputs are not used, as the SP speakers are equipped with their own limiters. CD 44

7. Making Adjustments and Navigating Through the Menus

In this chapter, we will give a detailed description of how to make adjustments or to save or cancel changes and how to navigate through the menus.

7.1 The Use of the Shortcut Buttons

The shortcut buttons help you to make quick adjustments without having to navigate through the menu. We therefore recommend that you solely use the shortcut buttons and not the menu navigation when making adjustments to the parametric filters (PEQs), the input and output gains, as well as to the input and output delays.

Adjustments that are made using the shortcut buttons do not have to be confirmed by pushing the EXIT button. After approx.10 seconds, the adjustments made to the device are confirmed automatically.

7.1.1 Parametric Filters 'PEQ' + SEQ LShelv (Filter A Button)

By pushing the FILTER A button, you access the parametric Filters (PEQ). Using the menu navigation, the PEQs can be accessed at <In » PEQ » Filter 1> through <Filter

4>. Up to 4 parametric filters per input channel serve to equalise the system, i.e. to adjust the

speaker frequencies to the room conditions. They can also be used to eliminate the feedback during monitor uses. The PEQs are saved with the setup.

In the PEQs, the parameters for filter type, gain, frequency, and Q-factor can be adjusted. If a filter is active (BYP = bypass in edit mode not active), the blue LED on the FILTER A button

lights up.

If you change to another type of filter, the Q-factor automatically sets itself to a value of 0.707. This safeguards against unexpectedly high levels which might be caused by a Q-factor that is too high. When you have changed the type of filter, always make sure if a Q-factor of 0.707 meets your needs and correct it, if necessary.

Explanation of the filter types of the PEQ:

The parameter "Gain" is adjustable in steps of 0.1, from -96 to +24 dB (independent of the input and output gains). The parameter ‘Gain’ has no effect on the filter types 'LowP', 'HighP' and 'AP.

The parameter "Freq" is adjustable in 1Hz steps, from 10Hz to 20kHz.

1. Bell = Bell Filter This filter increases certain frequency ranges (positive gain) or attenuates them (negative

gain).

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

50 100 500

1000

5000

10000

20000

Frequency in [Hz]

Power in [dB]

FilterType = 'Bell' (Bell Passband) Gain = +6dB Freq = 1000Hz

Q = 0.2 Q = 0.707 Q = 1.414 Q = 5

The gain determines the maximum or minimum level increase or attenuation of the filter (in the graph: increase of +6dB.

This 'bell' is logarithmically symmetrical relative to the selected frequency (in the example: 1000 Hz).

The Q-factor defines the quality of the filter. In doing so, it determines the width of the frequency range which is to be increased or attenuated. The higher the Q-factor, the narrower the frequency range. A lower Q-factor thus has a wider range.

"Q" is adjustable in steps of 0.001 from 0.2 to 20. Typical Q-values and their bandwidth equivalent:

Bandwidth Q factor

1/3 Oktave (third) 4.318

2/3 Oktave (two thirds) 2.145

1 octave 1.414

1 1/3 1.044

1 2/3 0.819

2 0.666

1/6 octave (whole step) 8.651

2. HShelv (high shelving filter)

3. LShelv = Low Shelving Filter These filters increase (positive gain) or attenuate (negative gain) the frequencies below

or above the selected frequency.

Below = LShelv Above = HShelv

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

50 100 500

1000

5000

10000

20000

Frequency in [Hz]

Power in [dB]

FilterType = 'LShelv' (Shelving Lowpass) Gain = +6dB Freq = 1000Hz

Q = 0.2 Q = 0.5 Q = 0.707 (default)

50 100 500

1000

5000

10000

20000

Frequency in [Hz]

Power in [dB]

FilterType = 'HShelv' (Shelving Highpass) Gain = +6dB Freq = 1000Hz

Q = 0.2 Q = 0.5 Q = 0.707 (default)

50 100 500

1000

5000

10000

20000

-12

-10

Frequency in [Hz]

Power in [dB]

FilterType = 'LShelv' (Shelving Lowpass) Gain = +3dB Freq = 1000Hz

Q = 0.707 (default) Q = 10

100

500

1000

5000

10000

20000

-18

-12

-6

+12

+18

Frequency in [Hz]

Power in [dB]

'LShelv'

Shelving Lowpass @ Freq = 100Hz

FilterType

'HShelv'

Shelving Highpass @ Freq = 5000Hz

Q = 0.707

Gain = +18

Gain = +12

Gain = +6

Gain = -6

Gain = -12

Gain = -18

Low Shelving Filter

Above = HShelv

Low Shelving Filter, Q > 0,707

Different increases and attenuations: Low Shelving Filter @ 100 Hz, High Shelving Filter @ 5 kHz,

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

Q = 0,707 The Q-factor determines the slope of the filter. Normally, shelving filters are used with a Q-factor of up to 0.707. With Q-factors higher than 0.707, the selected frequency is increased and an area above

this frequency range is attenuated correspondingly. The shelving filter is, thus, normally only used up to Q 0.707.

A Q higher than 0.707 may result in unwanted sound changes. Q is adjustable in 0.001 steps from 0.2 to 20. As soon as a Seq10 LS-Block is loaded into the controller, the corresponding input channel

of the input filter 4 is set to SEQ LShelv. Furthermore, frequency, Q-factor and gain are limited to sensible levels for this use. It is necessary to set an LShelv for all tops in order to counteract the coupling of the arrayed low-mid speakers.

The LShelv is to be programmed IDENTICALLY for every input path of all tops. SEQ LShelv setting for exemplary speaker arrays (default values): In practice, depending on the geometry of the room and other application-specific

factors, the actual values to be set may vary from the default values listed below. Therefore, the sound engineer may finely adjust the output gain using an additional parametric filter when setting the system.

The filter depth and the cut-off frequency of the low shelving filter depend on the amount of speakers. The larger the number of speakers

• the stronger the attenuation

• and the lower the cut-off frequency The attenuation can be set from 0 to -14 dB, the cut-off frequency from 250 Hz – 1 kHz, Q

from 0.5 – 0.707. The following chart shows reference values for selecting the SEQ LShelv for all SEQUENZA

10 tops in each corresponding array:

Number

of tops

1, - 6, -4.5 dB 1 kHz 0.7

7 - 8 -7 dB 850 Hz 0.7

9 - 10 -9 dB 850 Hz 0.7

11 - 12 -8.5 dB 500 Hz 0.7

13 - 16 -11 dB 300 Hz 0.7

17 - 18 -11 dB 250 Hz 0.7

19 - 20 -12 dB 350 Hz 0.5

21 - 22 -13 Hz 250 Hz 0.5

23 - 24 -14 dB 250 Hz 0.5

You can create the SEQ LShelv settings by the software CD Remote automatically. Please specify the number of used tops. Refer the Software Starter Guide 'CD Remote'.

4. This example shows different high pass filters which are characterised by varying Q factors.

GAIN Freq Q

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

50 100 500

1000

5000

10000

20000

-40

-36

-24

-12

-6

-3

Frequency in [Hz]

Power in [dB]

FilterType = 'HighP' (Highpass) Freq = 1000Hz

Q = 0.707

Butterworth 1.Ordnung Q = 0.2 Q = 0.5

Linkwitz-Riley 2.Ordnung Q = 0.707 (default)

Butterworth 2.Ordnung

0 1

000

10000

20000

-2

-1

-3

Frequenc

y i

n [H

Amplitude

[

FilterType =

'HighP

' (High

pas

Freq = 1000H

Q= 0.707 (default)

Butterworth -12dB/Oct

Q =10

The resulting filter Q = 0.707 is a 2nd order Butterworth filter and causes attenuation of 3 dB at the cut-off frequency (-3dB @ 1000Hz). Below the cut-off frequency, there is an attenuation of 12 dB per octave (-12dB/octave).

A Q higher than 1 causes a level increase at the crossover frequency. You can choose between a high pass filter 1st or 2nd order. The Q of a 1st order high pass

filter is always fixed. At a 2nd order high pass filter Q is adjustable in steps of 0.001 from

0.2 to 20. The parameter 'Gain' has no effect with the high pass filters.

The following table illustrates how you can implement the common high and low pass filters and how many parametric filters you need to do so.

Type of filter

Butterworth 1st ord.

Slope Number

of necessary PEQs

1 0 - - -

dB/

Q high- / low pass filter 1

Q high- / low pass filter 2

Q high- / low pass filter 3

Q high / lowpass filter 3

oct.

Butterworth 2nd ord.

LinkwitzRiley 2nd

ord.

Butterworth 3rd ord.

12 dB/ oct.

18 dB/ oct.

1 0.707 - - -

1 0.5 - - -

2 1 0 - -

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

50 100 500

1000

5000

10000

20000

-40

-36

-24

-12

-6

-3

Frequency in [Hz]

Power in [dB]

FilterType = 'LowP' (Lowpass) Freq = 1000Hz

Q = 0.707

Butterworth 1.Ordnung Q = 0.2 Q = 0.5

Linkwitz-Riley 2.Ordnung

Q = 0.707 (default)

Butterworth 2.Ordnung

Butterworth 4th ord.

LinkwitzRiley 4th ord

Butterworth 5th ord.

Butterworth 6th ord.

LinkwitzRiley 6th ord.

Butterworth 7th ord.

Butterworth 8th ord.

24 dB/ oct.

30 dB/ oct.

36 dB/ oct.

42 dB/ oct.

48 dB/ oct.

2 1.307 0.541 - -

2 0.707 0.707 - -

3 1.618 0.618 0 -

3 1.932 0.707 0.518 -

3 1 1 0.5 -

4 2.247 0.802 0.555 0

4 2.563 0.9 0.601 0.51

LinkwitzRiley 8th ord.

48 dB/ oct.

4 1.307 1.307 0.541 0.541

5. LowP = Low Pass Filter

This example shows various low pass filters at 1000Hz, which are characterised by different Q-factors.

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

50 100 500

1000 5000

10000

20000

-24

-12

-3

Frequency in [Hz]

Power in [dB]

FilterType = 'LowP' (Lowpass) Freq = 1000Hz

Q = 0.707 (default)

Butterworth 2.Ordnung

100

500010000

20000

-1

-90

-45

Frequencyin[H

e i

[

°]

Filte

rType='AP'

(AllpassFilt

er)

Freq

= 1000H

1.Ordnung (0.707) Q =0.

Q =0.

707 2.O rdng.

Q =10

The resulting filter with Q = 0.707 is a 2nd order Butterworth filter and causes an attenuation of 3dB at the cut-off frequency (-3dB @ 1000Hz). Above the cut-off frequency, there is an at-attenuation of 12dB per octave (-12dB / octave).

A Q higher than 1 causes a level increase at the crossover frequency. You can choose between a high pass filter 1st or 2nd order. The Q of a 1st order high pass

filter is always fixed. At a 2nd order high pass filter Q is adjustable in steps of 0.001 from

0.2 to 20. The parameter 'Gain' has no effect with the low pass filters.

Tip

In the section HighP = High Pass Filter, you will find a table for high and low pass filters that shows examples of how to implement common low pass filters and how many parametric filters are required to do so.

6. AP = All Pass Filter In doing this, it does not cause any increase or attenuation of frequency levels.

Der Q-Faktor bestimmt die Steilheit des Phasensprungs. Je höher, desto steiler. For a 1st order all pass filter, 0 must be selected for the Q. Values higher than 0 produce a

2nd order all pass filter.

7.1.2 Switchable, Speaker Specific Filters

By pushing the Filter B button, you access the preset speaker-specific filters. You cannot access this filter setup via the menu navigation, but only by using the shortcut button. These filters cannot be set by the user – they can only be switched on or off and are a part of the LSBlocks. Depending on which speaker was selected for which output, there are various filters available. The speakers are assigned as follows: FILTER B

<Out » Output1> through <Output4 » Select LS-Block> Push the Filter B button until you accesse the filter which you wish to switch on or off. FILTER

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

If one of these filters is active, the blue LED on the FILTER B button lights up. FILTER B This illustration shows a cluster filter which is assigned to a speaker at Out1.

The following table shows which filters are available for the relevant LS-Blocks:

Speaker (LS-Blocks) Filter 1 Filter 2

SONA 6 Presence High Boost

CA-Series and Line 212 Cluster High Boost

SW-Series, all B5 and B10 Cluster -

B10 SubLow Bass Boost -

ACCESS High - High Boost

ACCESS Mid (Clus / Sngl) - -

ACCESS B5 - -

ACCESS B10 (all versions) Bass Boost -

Seq10LF / (HF and FR) Straight High Boost

Seq10LF / (FR and LCut) Straight High Boost

Seq10LF / (FR and LCut) Straight -

Seq10B (all versions) - -

NomXLC (all versions) - -

Explanations for the speaker-specific filters:

• Presence: Mid boost. To achieve sound compatibility with the SONA 5 without the CD

44, switch on this filter along with the High Boost Filter. CD 44

• High Boost SONA 5: slight increase using a Shelving Filter. To achieve sound

compatibility with the SONA 5 without the CD 44, switch on this filter along with the Presence filter. CD 44

• High Boost: To compensate high-range attenuation over long distances for tops.

• Sequenza 10 N / W: The high boost filter should only be switched on for speakers

whose main beam is directed towards audience sections that are approx. 40 m or further away. Normally, this only applies to a few of the upper speakers.

• Cluster: To compensate undesired frequency additions in the low-mid range for monitor

and cluster usage (cluster = several speakers placed directly next to one another). Switch on the Cluster Filter for tops if you wish to operate several tops (cluster) next to one another or if you place the top on the floor as a monitor. This reduces the frequency additions in the low/mid range that result from clustering the speakers (with one another or on the floor). If you operate several tops aligned next to one another (cluster), then there is an addition of certain frequencies that can interfere with the sound results. This frequency addition is compensated by the cluster filter. If these clusters are positioned on a subwoofer, then the phasing between the tops and the subwoofer can be improved when both ways run through the same filter, in other words: when the cluster filter is also switched on for the subwoofer.

• Bass Boost: To boost the bass for usages with the ACCESS B10 speakers.

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

• Straight (Sequenza 10 N / W only): The straight filter serves to harmonise the balance

of the upper-mid range between shorter and larger listening distances. It is preferably used for speakers whose angle to the other speakers is 0°, 1° or 2. The Straight-Filter must be switched in both paths of the speaker, so in the Seq10LF / HF (FR or LCut) and the Seq10LF (FR or LCut) to 'ON'.

7.1.3 Input and Output Gains (Gain Button)

Pushing the GAIN button allows you to directly access the input and output gains without having to navigate through the menu. GAIN

After pushing the GAIN button, the first possible setting is for the signal input (input gains). If you push it repeatedly, you access the output gains. GAIN

If one of these gain values is not zero, the red LED on the GAIN button lights up. GAIN How high a gain can actually be set depends on, among other things, if and how high an

output gain is already preset in an LS-Block. The output gains saved in the LS-Block are neither visible nor adjustable. Depending on the LS-Block, these output gains have values between 0dB and +5.3 dB. It is, therefore, possible that the user can set the gains accordingly lower than the otherwise possible +24 dB. We generally advise against selecting such high gain values.

1. The Input Gains regulate the level for the line signal input (INPUT 1 through INPUT 4). Using the menu navigation, the input gains can be accessed at <In » Input1> through

<Input4 » Gain>. Depending on the output gain and the previously used gain in the LS-Block, the input

gains can be set between -96 dB and +24. The sum of the input gain, the output gain, and the LS-Block's gain can not exceed +24 dB.

Adjustments to the input gains may be necessary if, for example, the limiter LEDs light up often. In this case, the input gains can be reduced.

If the input signal is too weak, use the input gains to increase it. You can find an overview of the input gain settings on a prompt, subsequently referred

to as InfoWindow 1. This InfoWindow 1 initially appears approx. 7 seconds after turning on the device, or when you have not used it for approx. 7 seconds, or after you have pushed the EXIT button several times. EXIT

You can find more detailed information about this in the chapter 'InfoWindow: Display of Basic Settings' on page 24.

2. The Output Gains regulate the level of the individual signal outputs (OUT 1 through OUT

4). You can access the output gains at <Out » Output1> through <Output4 » Gain> in the

menu. Depending on the input gain and the gain previously used in the LS-Block, the output

gains can be set up between -96 dB and +24. The sum of the input gain, the output gain, and the LS-BLock's gain can not exceed +24 dB.

The output gains are used for, for example:

- level adjustments for different zones of sound coverage.

- level adjustments between top speakers and subwoofers. When the number of arrayed subwoofers is doubled, the level increases by up to + 6 dB (+3 dB efficiency and +3 dB by doubling the power amplifier output). Due to their directivity, the level of the top speakers does not increase correspondingly.

Furthermore, because of missing floor reflections, a flown subwoofer can be several decibels quieter than a subwoofer which is standing on the floor.

The output gain functions offer the possibility to adjust this level balance, depending on the configuration and use.

User's manual K&F CD 44 Digital System Controller

According to the room geometry, the actual level balance which needs to be adjusted may differ from the aforementioned reference values. It is, therefore, always necessary for a sound technician to carry through fine adjustments of the output gains when the system is set up.

7.1.4 Input and Output Delays (Delay Button)

After pushing the DELAY button, the first settings you access are for the input delays. Pushing the button repeatedly will give you access to the output delays.

The units for the delays can be converted from milliseconds (ms) to metres (m) at <Util » Units>. The unit ‘Metre’ is based on a sound velocity of 343 m/s at 20°C.

If one of these delay values is not zero, the red LED on the DELAY button lights up.

1. Use the Input Delays to create delay lines. Delay lines are speakers which are set up behind one another. The delay times of the

speakers’ sound propagation is compensated using delays. The purpose of delay lines is to ensure that the sound from the speakers near the stage

reaches the listeners in the back of the audience simultaneously (preferably) with the sound from the speakers in the rear audience area.

You can separately adjust the delays of up to four input channels, with every channel having a total available delay of 200 ms or 68.6 m. Because a delay of 0.02 ms is already set up in the LS-Block ACCESS High, the available delay time when using this LS-Block is reduced accordingly by this amount.

2. Use the Output Delays to compensate differences in delay time of the positioned speakers, for example from flown tops to standing subwoofers, stage edge speakers to the main system, etc. You can separately adjust a total of 4 output channels.

Out 1 and Out 2 share 20 ms or 6.86 m delay time. Out 3 and Out 4 also share 20 ms or 6.86 m delay time. These values decrease if there is already a delay set in an LS-Block. If you select a delay of 5 ms or 1.715 m for Out 1, then there are another 15 ms or 5.145

m available for Out 2. The same also applies for Out 3 and Out 4. The value stated next to ‘Avl =’ indicates how much delay time is still available.

7.2 InfoWindow: Display of Basic Settings

A window initially appears, subsequently referred to as InfoWindow 1, approx. 7 seconds after turning on the device, or when you have not used it for approx. 7 seconds, or after you have pushed the EXIT button several times. If you are currently in InfoWindow 1, and you then turn the knob to the right (clockwise), you will access InfoWindow 2. EXIT

This illustration shows InfoWindow 1 for the loaded setup 'Example 5':

The InfoWindow 1 shows information about the following basic settings:

• 1st line: Name of the loaded setup, here: Example 5. If there is an asterisk next to the

setup name, this means that changes have been made to the setup that have not been saved yet.

• 2nd and 3rd line: Settings of the Input Gains 1-4 (Depending on routing, 1 to 4

adjustable gains).

• 4th line: type of routing, here: '4in4out' and the selected input sources (ANA =

analogue inputs, AES = digital inputs)

+ 53 hidden pages

KLING & FREITAG CD 44 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

1. Introduction

1.1 Symbols in User's Manual

1.2 Information about this User's Manual

2. Safety Instructions

3. General Safety Instructions

4. Product Description

5. Software and Firmware Update

5.1 Use of the CD 44-AutoUpdater

5.1.1 Determine update interval

5.1.2 Update history

6. Connectors, Functions, Controls and Displays

6.1 Front

6.2 Rear

7. Making Adjustments and Navigating Through the Menus

7.1 The Use of the Shortcut Buttons

7.1.1 Parametric Filters 'PEQ' + SEQ LShelv (Filter A Button)

7.1.2 Switchable, Speaker Specific Filters

7.1.3 Input and Output Gains (Gain Button)

7.1.4 Input and Output Delays (Delay Button)

7.2 InfoWindow: Display of Basic Settings