KJB DX100-4 User Manual

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Delta X

Counter surveillance sweeping system

User’s Manual

07.11.2016

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Delta X. User’s Manual

Content

Content .......................................................................................................................................................... 1

General description ....................................................................................................................................... 3

Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 3

Features ..................................................................................................................................................... 3

Working modes ......................................................................................................................................... 4

Specification .............................................................................................................................................. 6

Supplied set ............................................................................................................................................... 8

Warnings ....................................................................................................................................................... 9

Startup ......................................................................................................................................................... 10

Setup ....................................................................................................................................................... 10

Connections ............................................................................................................................................. 10

Running the software .............................................................................................................................. 10

Settings ........................................................................................................................................................ 12

Calibration / Data .................................................................................................................................... 12

Bands ....................................................................................................................................................... 13

Known signals .......................................................................................................................................... 17

Controls and elements ................................................................................................................................ 21

Menu ....................................................................................................................................................... 21

Signals ...................................................................................................................................................... 21

Updating masks of separate known signals ........................................................................................ 24

Detector .................................................................................................................................................. 24

Spectrum ................................................................................................................................................. 26

Spectrogram ........................................................................................................................................ 27

Persistence .......................................................................................................................................... 28

Waterfall .............................................................................................................................................. 28

Manual modes............................................................................................................................................. 30

Wide-Range Analyzer .............................................................................................................................. 30

Capturing known signals ..................................................................................................................... 30

Test detection and adjustment of thresholds ..................................................................................... 31

Signal Analyzer ........................................................................................................................................ 32

Spectrum ............................................................................................................................................. 33

Demodulation...................................................................................................................................... 33

Physical locating of the transmitter .................................................................................................... 34

Directed microwave antenna MWA-6 ................................................................................................ 36

Adding signals to the Known Signals table .......................................................................................... 36

Detecting modes ......................................................................................................................................... 37

Stop / View Log ....................................................................................................................................... 37

Selecting log and date ......................................................................................................................... 37

Viewing signals and alarms ................................................................................................................. 38

Update Masks .......................................................................................................................................... 40

RF Sweep ................................................................................................................................................. 42

Preparations ........................................................................................................................................ 42

Initial parameters ................................................................................................................................ 43

Detection process................................................................................................................................ 43

Detection distance .............................................................................................................................. 45

Scanning the area ................................................................................................................................ 45

False alarms ......................................................................................................................................... 46

Results of detection ............................................................................................................................ 47

Training ................................................................................................................................................ 47

Guard 24/7 .............................................................................................................................................. 48

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Delta X. User’s Manual

Reaction time ...................................................................................................................................... 48

Initial parameters ................................................................................................................................ 48

Usage of 2 antennas ............................................................................................................................ 49

Antenna connections .......................................................................................................................... 50

Detection process................................................................................................................................ 50

Car Tracker Detector ............................................................................................................................... 50

GPS trackers ........................................................................................................................................ 50

Algorithm of detecting the periodical exchange ................................................................................. 51

Location change algorithm .................................................................................................................. 52

LF Probe ................................................................................................................................................... 52

Elements and controls ......................................................................................................................... 53

AC wires ............................................................................................................................................... 54

Low-voltage wires - Telephone, Ethernet and alarm .......................................................................... 56

Infrared ................................................................................................................................................ 59

Very low frequency ............................................................................................................................. 60

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Delta X. User’s Manual

General description

Introduction

Welcome to the world of professional counter surveillance! The Delta X system will make your searches quick and easy, while providing highly reliable results. The system’s hardware incorporates a powerful spectrum analyzer which provides super-fast speed of measurements with extreme sensitivity, while the antenna switcher and low-frequency converter extend the system’s functionality. The supplied set includes the full set of equipment needed for professional detection: omnidirectional antennas, directed microwave antenna, infrared and electromagnetic probe, cables, adapters, etc.

Features

 Quickly and reliably detects all kinds of RF listening devices, including analog, digital, constantly

existing and intermittent, sending audio or video, with or without encryption

 Finds hidden surveillance devices employing the digital standards GSM, 3G, 4G/LTE, Bluetooth,

Wi-Fi, DECT, etc.

 Detects illegal information transmission in AC, telephone, Ethernet, alarm and other wires as

well as in the infrared range

 Can work in instant detection mode, guarding mode, locating and the car tracker detection  Has 20-50 times higher sensitivity comparing to conventional RF detectors  Can monitor the RF environment 24 hours a day with data logging  Capable of detecting covert bugging devices with accumulation function and transmitters

hidden within the spectrums of other signals

 Supports storage of an unlimited quantity of signals. Full information is stored in the log and can

be reviewed during the detection or later. Multiple logs are supported.

 Demodulation of audio in FM, AM, USB, LSB, CW (adjustable BW 3…240 kHz)

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Delta X. User’s Manual

 Powered from the laptop’s USB

Exclusive features of the 2000/6 Real-Time version:

 High update rate, 2000-3000 MHz per second  Frequency range 40 kHz – 6000 MHz  Detected signal’s existence time: 2-3 seconds

 Instantly detects digital signals with short bursts  Can detect and locate the transmitter simultaneously

Exclusive features of the 100/12 version:

 Update rate 100 MHz per second  Frequency range 100 kHz – 12400 MHz  Detected signal’s existence time: 60-120 seconds

 Detects digital signals with short bursts by accumulating data

Exclusive features of the 100/4 version:

 Update rate 100 MHz per second  Frequency range 40 kHz – 4400 MHz  Detected signal’s existence time: 45 seconds

 Detects digital signals with short bursts by accumulating data

Functions of the software:

 Rich visual representation: Spectrogram/Persistence, Waterfall, Alarms graph  The Known Signals table allows the system to reject TV, FM and other ‘friendly’ signals while

maintaining high sensitivity to unknown signals.

 The Detector allows the operator to perform location of a bugging device with both visual and

audio notification

 The Alarm Threshold decreases the false alarm rate  The Hold Max Danger feature selects and shows the strongest signals for their location as the

system is moved during detection

 The Update Mask procedure allows the operator to quickly adjust the system to the local RF

environment on order to reject safe signals

 Sorting and filtering is supported in the Signals table  The Report function allows the operator to export all obtained information about the desired

signals

 Is easily localizable to any language

Working modes

o Stop / View Log

Review of the detection results stored in the log. The Signals table, Spectrogram, Waterfall and Alarms graph give full information about the detected signals and alarm events

o Update masks

Quick preparation for detection – the system automatically accumulates the broadcasting and other safe signals existing in the area in order to pass them during the subsequent detection

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o RF Sweep

The main detection mode. Provides maximum reaction time and the highest sensitivity. The operator can move the system or its antenna during the detection.

o Guard 24/7

Rejection of short transmissions and usage of two antennas reduces false alarms in this mode. Suitable for 24 hour detection without unwanted false alarms

o Car Tracker Detector

Detection of vehicle mounted GPS trackers transmitting the coordinates via mobile networks

o LF Probe

Checking of AC, Ethernet, Telephone and Alarm wires and the infrared for the presence of unwanted bugging signals

o Wide-Range Analyzer

Manual mode for preliminary studying of the RF environment

o Signal Analyzer

Analysis, demodulation and physical locating of detected signals

o Settings

Includes the general settings and information about the mobile networks and wireless bands existing in the area as well as the known signals table

Delta X. User’s Manual

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Specification

2000/6 Real-Time

100/12

100/4

Update rate

2000-3000

MHz/sec

100 MHz/sec

Frequency range

40 kHz - 6000

MHz

100 kHz –

12400 MHz

40 kHz –

4400 MHz

Time of detection

(Minimal time of signal’s existence needed for

its detection)

2-3 sec

60-120

seconds

45 seconds

Spectrum resolution

9 kHz

15 kHz

Occupied disk space per 24 hours

12 Gb

1 Gb

0.5 Gb

Temperature Range

0°C to +65°C

0°C to +50°C

0°C to +70°C

Demands on computer

3rd gen. or newer

Intel dual/quad

Core i-series

1 x USB 3.0 2 x USB 2.0

Windows 7, 8 , 10

Intel® Atom™ N2600 or Intel®

Core™ i3

2 x USB 2.0

Windows 7, 8, 10

Displayed dynamic range

-90…-10 dBm

Displayed spectrum spans

0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 6000 MHz

Spectrum graphs

Spectrogram, Waterfall

Spectrogram’s displayed data

Persistence, Live, Max, Threshold

Detector’s modes

Wide-Range, Signal

Fields of ‘Signals’ table

Frequency, Bandwidth, Name, dbm Level, dbm

Peak Level, Danger Level, Peak Danger Level

Fields of ‘Bands’ table

Begin, End, Name, Type, Threshold, Priority,

Tracker detection

Fields of ‘Known Signals’ table

Frequency, BW, Name, Modulation

General

Delta X. User’s Manual

ODA-4 omnidirectional antenna

 Can be used with any RF equipment, including receivers, spectrum analyzers, RF detectors, etc.  Is capable of receiving the entire frequency range 40 kHz – 6000 MHz with increased sensitivity

in the range of 80 MHz - 4000 MHz

 Tripod mountable (tripod supplied)  The tripod can convert to a hand-held unit for manual probing (locating procedure)  Connector type: BNC  80 cm cable  Dimensions (without tripod) 20 x 3.5 x 0.6 cm  Mode of use: receive  Indoor use only

MWA-6 microwave antenna

 Can be used with any RF equipment, including receivers, spectrum analyzers, RF detectors, etc.  Is particularly good for the location of GSM, CDMA, 3G, 4G (LTE, Wi-Max), Wi-Fi 2.4GHz,

Bluetooth, Wi-Fi 5GHz, DECT and other digital transmissions

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Delta X. User’s Manual

 Frequency range 800-6500 MHz  Directed (log-periodic)  Typical forward gain: 6 dBi  Tripod mountable (tripod supplied)  The tripod can convert to a hand-held unit for manual probing (locating procedure)  Connector type: SMA  80 cm cable  Dimensions (without tripod) 18 x 14.5 x 0.7 cm  Mode of use: receive  Indoor use only

MWA-12 microwave antenna

 Can be used with any RF equipment, including receivers, spectrum analyzers, RF detectors, etc.  Is particularly good for locating digital transmissions above 2GHz: 4G (LTE on the upper ranges,

Wi-Max), Wi-Fi 2.4GHz, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi 5GHz; For tracing other microwave sources, including bugging devices

 Frequency range 2000-12000 MHz  Directed (log-periodic)  Typical forward gain: 8 dBi  Tripod mountable (tripod supplied)  The tripod can convert to a hand-held unit for manual probing (locating procedure)  Connector type: SMA  80 cm cable  Dimensions (without tripod) 8 x 6 x 0.7 cm  Mode of use: receive  Indoor use only

MLP-LINE - electromagnetic probe

 Detects electronics emitting an electromagnetic field  Frequency range 50 kHz – 4 MHz  Omni-directed 360°  Tripod mountable (tripod supplied)  The tripod can convert to a hand-held unit for manual probing (locating procedure)  Connector type: MiniDIN8  120 cm cable  Dimensions (without tripod) 18 x 6.2 x 3 cm

AC-LINE – high voltage probe

 Used in the Delta X for the detection of illegal signals in 110V/220V wires  Frequency range 50 kHz – 10 MHz  Compatible with 110V and 220V  Connector type: MiniDIN8  120 cm cable  Dimensions 8 x 7 x 3 cm 

Telephone/low voltage probe

 Used in the Delta X for the detection of illegal signals in Ethernet, telephone, alarm and other

low-voltage wires

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Delta X. User’s Manual

Item

2000/6 Real Time

100/12

100/4

1. Spectrum analyzer SignalHound BB60C

2. Spectrum analyzer SignalHound USB-SA124B

3. Spectrum analyzer SignalHound USB-SA44B

4. Software Delta X 1.0 on the USB flash memory

1 1 1

5. USB cable with the incorporated chip

1 1 1

6. DS-Line 2 Pro - antenna switcher/LF converter

1 1 1

7. Carry case

1 1 1

8. ODA-4 - omnidirectional antenna

2 2 2

9. Coaxial extension cable 20 m BNC male to BNC

female

2 2 2

10. MWA-6 - microwave antenna

1 1 1

11. MWA-12 - microwave antenna

12. AC Line - high voltage probe

1 1 1

13. Low voltage probe with alligator connectors

1 1 1

14. In-line modular adapter

1 1 1

15. IR Line - infrared probe

1 1 1

16. MLP Line - very low frequency probe

1 1 1

17. Probe extension cable

1 1 1

18. Cable BNC to SMA

1 1 1

1 / 2 / 3

13, 14

 Frequency range 50 kHz – 10 MHz  Maximum voltage 100V  Connectors: 1) modular telephone plug RJ-11; 2) ‘alligator’ connectors  Extendable spring cable, up to 6 meters

Supplied set

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Delta X. User’s Manual

Warnings

The spectrum analyzer’s input attenuator and front end switches are sensitive to Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) and have a damage level just above +20 dBm peak. Cases of breakage due to this reason will not be accepted under the product’s warranty.

Some common events which may lead to the front end damage and the loss of warranty include:

 Applying more than +20 dBm peak power, such as an antenna exposed to a radar pulse or used

near a signal exceeding 2 Watt (nonlinear junction detector, transceiver)

 ESD from a passive antenna, either from discharge to an antenna element, or from connecting a

large antenna or cable which has built up a static charge

 Connecting to an active antenna which is already powered up

The general recommendations are:

 Never connect any signals or outputs of active equipment directly into the Input 50 Ohm

connector of the spectrum analyzer

 Do not use active antennas  Do not turn on 2-5 Watt VHF/UHF transceivers and NLJD (nonlinear junction detectors) in a

close proximity to the antenna

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Delta X. User’s Manual

Startup

Setup

Use a laptop in accordance with the specifications above. Insufficient processing power may result in unstable operation.

Run the Delta X Setup.exe on the supplied USB flash drive. The software and the drivers will be installed automatically.

Connections

Connect the spectrum analyzer to the computer using the supplied USB cable:

 BB60A/C is connected to one USB 3.0 slot (signal cable) and one USB 3.0 or 2.0 slot (power

cable)

 USB-SA124A/B is connected to 2 x USB 2.0 or 3.0 slots (one signal and one power cable)  USB-SA44A/B is connected to USB 2.0 or 3.0 slot

To make sure the spectrum analyzer’s drivers are installed correctly, install the analyzer’s proprietary Spike software and run it. The software should detect the device and start measurements. The Spike software may take longer to start if the spectrum analyzer is being connected to the computer for the first time. For some models of analyzers, a connection to the internet may be needed when the Spike software is started for the first time (some calibration data files should be downloaded).

 Connect the DS-Line 2 Pro antenna switcher / LF converter to the USB 2.0 or 3.0 with the help of

the supplied cable with the incorporated controller. The device should power on at this moment, switching its inputs in turn as a confirmation.

 Connect the ODA-4 antenna to the RF input of the spectrum analyzer marked as ‘Input 50 Ohm’.

Use the BNC-to-SMA adapter.

 The equipment is now ready to start.

Running the software

Start the Delta X software. The Startup window will appear on the screen and the procedure of finding the connected hardware will be performed.

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Delta X. User’s Manual

In case of detecting the necessary equipment (the cable with the incorporated controller and the spectrum analyzer) the ‘Found device’ will appear and the main window will open.

If there is no connection, there will be a ‘Device not found’ message. The software can be closed or run in the Read mode for reviewing the logs and changing settings.

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Delta X. User’s Manual

2000/6 Real-Time

100/12

100/4

Occupied disk space per 24 hours

12 Gb

1 Gb

0.5 Gb

Settings

When the software is started for the first time, some required settings are missing. The application will ask the operator to perform calibration and fill the ‘Bands/Known signals’ tables by entering to the Settings automatically.

The settings should be changed in the following cases:

 Calibration should be performed once, for the first time  Bands should be set individually for each country, state or region (area)  Known signals should be set individually for each country, region (area) and city

Calibration / Data

Calibration is needed for the compensation of the changing dynamic range on different frequencies, thus making the spectrum traces smoother and more understandable.

Perform the calibration once on each computer the system is being used on.

Disconnect the antenna or cable from the spectrum analyzer’s RF input (marked as ‘Input 50 Ohm’) and press the ‘Perform calibration’ button. The procedure will finish in few minutes. The antenna should then be connected again.

If necessary, the data storage folder can be changed. In the case of changing the data storage path after using the system, it is recommended to manually delete the previous folder to free up disk space.

The ‘Use space on disk’ allows the operator to limit the space occupied by the logs. After reaching the limit the Delta X software will automatically delete the older logs when it is in detection mode.

Take into consideration the occupied disk space per 24 hours of detection:

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Delta X. User’s Manual

Add

record

Delete record

Apply

changes

Discard

changes

If you are planning to use the Delta X system in the Guard 24/7 mode, we suggest selection of a laptop with an increased disk space. To speed up the data writing and reading we suggest using a high speed SSD.

Please note that the logging of data during the detection may be suspended if the selected disk does not have free space.

With the ‘Turn on audio when starting detecting modes’ on the software will activate the Audio alarm function automatically each time the detection is started.

Bands

The Bands table contains information about the mobile and wireless bands existing in the country or region of use.

The software handles mobile and wireless bands in a special way, significantly decreasing the quantity of unwanted signals and simplifying the detection process. Therefore the information in the table is very important for the correct working of the system.

The mobile networks and wireless bands can be divided into the following groups:

 GSM  CDMA/3G  4G/LTE  Wireless bands and DECT

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Delta X. User’s Manual

GSM

UMTS

4G/LTE

900 (E-GSM)

Band 1 (2100)

1800 (DCS)

Band 8 (900)

Band 3 (1800 +)

Import of

one record

Import of all

records

External file

name

The bands can be entered and edited manually, but it is recommended to use the Import/Export function to quickly import already prepared data. Use the data files supplied on the flash drive.

There are files for specific countries, containing the general lists of mobile and wireless standards.

If a country data file is present, it can be quickly imported using the Import/Export function. If there is no data file for your country, use the files listing the mobile and wireless standards and import the bands which are used in your country.

The following files are supported with the system and written to the flash drive: ‘GSM Bands’, ‘CDMA Bands’, ‘3G Bands’, ‘4G LTE Bands’ and ‘Wireless Bands’.

Gather information about the mobile standards and bands used in your country from the internet or by contacting the corresponding authorities and import the necessary bands into the Delta X software.

Below is an example of creating the Bands table for Poland. The internet mentions the following information about the mobile standards used in Poland:

1. Clear the Bands table by pressing the Delete All button and press the Import/Export button

2. Press the File button, select the path to the flash drive and open the ‘Wireless Bands’ file. Import

the ‘DECT’, ‘2.4 GHz Wi-Fi’ and ‘5GHz Wi-Fi’ bands by pressing the < button:

3. Open the ‘GSM Bands’ file and import the ‘E-GSM’ Uplink/Downlink bands and the ‘DCS-1800’ Uplink/Downlink bands:

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Delta X. User’s Manual

4. Open the ‘3G Bands’ and import the ‘Band 1’ Uplink and Downlink. It is also necessary to import the ‘Band 8’ Uplink and Downlink but since they completely coincide with the already existing ‘E-GSM-900’, rename the ‘E-GSM-900’ to ‘E-GSM-900, 3G’. Rename both the Uplink and Downlink:

5. Open the ‘4G (LTE) Bands’. Since the ‘4G/LTE Band 1’ coincide with the ‘3G Band 1’, rename the existing ‘3G Band 1’ to ‘3G/4G Band 1’. Rename both the Uplink and Downlink.

Since the ‘4G/LTE Band 3’ coincides with the existing ‘DCS-1800’, rename the existing band to ‘DCS1800/4G Band 3’ (both downlink and uplink). Adjust the frequency edges slightly to include both the ‘DCS-1800’ and ‘4G Band 3’:

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Delta X. User’s Manual

Export all

records

Export one

record

6. Press ‘File’ and enter ‘Poland Bands’ to create a new file. Then, export all the records using the >> button.

Press the ‘Import/Export’ to leave the mode. Now, all the collected band data for Poland is stored in the external file and is available for future use.

In case of using the Delta X in another country, the Band table’s records can be quickly imported from the corresponding country data file or from the files containing all bands for each standard.

If manual editing in the Bands table is needed, use the corresponding navigation buttons to add and delete records, apply and discard changes.

There are the following types of bands:

 Uplinks: Used by mobile devices for sending information to base stations

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Delta X. User’s Manual

 Downlinks: Used by base stations for sending data to the mobile devices  Shared frequency: The band is used by both sides of communication simultaneously. This

technology is used by some 4G/LTE bands, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee and DECT.

There are the following rules for bands:

 Both the uplink and downlink bands should be imported or created according to the mobile

standard

 Do not create nor import the bands which are absent in your country/state  No empty records are allowed  No empty names are allowed. At least a short description should be assigned to each pair of

bands.

 No repeating of names  Uplink and downlink’s names for the same band should coincide  The bands cannot overlap. In case of overlapping they should be combined in one record. For

example, if 2 bands 1700-1750 MHz and 1700-1770 MHz are used in your country, they should be combined in one band 1700-1770 MHz.

The Begin and End fields are the edges of the band.

The Name field is obligatory and should be unique for each pair of bands, consisting of uplink and downlink.

The Threshold is the level which, when exceeded by a signal, makes this signal ‘dangerous’ and produces the alarm.

The main task of the system is monitoring the uplinks and shared bands since they are used by potential bugging devices for transmitting. Therefore the threshold for the ‘uplinks’ and ‘shared’ should be typically lower than for the ‘downlinks’ to provide a higher sensitivity. The parameter can be adjusted later in the working modes.

The High Priority parameter should be set for the uplink bands of the standards which have short transmission time or timeslots. These are GSM, 3G, 4G, DECT and Wi-Fi. When fetching the spectrum trace, the Delta X system measures the priority bands longer in order to capture the short bursts.

The Tracker Detection parameter should be set for the uplinks of the mobile networks so they are scanned in the Car Tracker Detector mode.

Known signals

The Known signals table contains the signals of FM and TV broadcasting, as well as the other continuously existing signals in your area: VHF/UHF channels, police/fire/municipal, trunking, etc.

Advantages of using the Known signals table:

 Fewer false detections  Higher general detection sensitivity  More information for the operator

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Delta X. User’s Manual

Representation

mode

Add

record

Delete record

Apply

changes

Discard

changes

The software decreases the danger level of the known signals so they do not create unwanted alarms. As a result, weaker but potentially dangerous signals can be detected easier. Additionally, the known signals are automatically marked, so that the operator can distinguish between the known ‘friendly’ signals and unknown, potentially dangerous, signals.

Therefore it is strongly recommended to fill the Known signals table before starting work.

The Known Signals table is opened automatically after the software starts if it is empty.

Spectrogram

The video and audio channels of TV broadcasting do not change across the country. Therefore they can be easily imported from the supplied external files. There are some formats of video signal. For each format there is a separate data file. The data file’s name describes what countries it is suitable for.

When importing, select the file which corresponds to your country. If during further work you observe the captured TV signals not marked as ‘known’ (without a name), this can mean use of the incorrect data file, not suiting your country.

To import the external data file:

1. Press the Import/Export button, Press the ‘File’ button, select the path to the flash drive and select

the file.

2. Press the << button to import all the signals:

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Delta X. User’s Manual

3. Close the data file by pressing the Import/Export again.

Each TV signal consists of 2 carriers – video and audio, as it is shown on the illustration of PAL signal’s spectrum below:

Therefore the external data file contains a pair of signals for each of the TV channels.

The external data file contains all the TV channels, while there are countries where some of TV channels are reassigned to other tasks, for example, for FM broadcasting, Digital Television or mobile communications. If a known TV signal’s edges coincide or overlap with a band from the Bands table, it means that in your country this TV channel was reassigned for mobile communications. In this case or when within the edges of known TV signal you observe other types of signals, the known TV signal should be deleted from the Known signals table.

Unlike the video and audio channels of TV broadcasting (which can be imported from the file quickly), the FM broadcasting stations and VHF/UHF channels will vary depending on the city and area, therefore it is recommended to capture them using the Wide-Range Analyzer manual mode, then to study and add to the Known Signals table in the Signal Analyzer mode. It is also possible to add and edit the known signals right in the Known Signals table using the navigation buttons: Add record, Delete, Apply Discard and Copy.

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Delta X. User’s Manual

Rules for editing the known signals:

 No repeated names  No empty names  The starting frequency F1 should be less than the ending frequency F2  The bandwidth cannot be 0

The known signals can be exported for the subsequent use. If the Delta X is periodically used in different locations, a set of external files will help to quickly re-adjust the system each time the location is changed.

The Show As defines the representation of signals in the table. In the ‘Central frequency and bandwidth’ mode it is convenient to work with the signals having a symmetric spectrum, i.e. FM stations, VHF/UHF stations, audio signals of TV broadcasting, etc. In the ‘Start and finish frequency’ mode it is convenient to work with the TV video signals since their carrier frequency is positioned not in the center of the bandwidth.

When not in the import/export mode the right side will contain the Spectrogram. It will show:

 Green and orange - the Live and Max traces  Blue - the mask of a known signal

The spectrogram will display the updating Live and Max traces if the software is not in the Stop / View log mode.

The buttons above the spectrogram allow the operator to work with the masks: Update, Clear and Clear All. The masks are updated from the spectrum’s maximums, displayed by the color orange.

Please read the Update Mask section for more details.

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Delta X. User’s Manual

Maximize/minimize menu

Signals

Detector

Spectrum

Controls and elements

The Hold Max Danger function automatically tunes in the most dangerous signals during the detecting so that the spectrum graphs and the Detector start showing the signal. Since the Detector allows the operator to make the locating procedure, the function is convenient for simultaneous detecting and locating. The system is moved during the detecting (RF Sweep mode). As soon as a signal is found the Detector will instantly show the danger level changing depending on the distance.

The Hold Max Danger function should be deactivated when it is necessary to scroll to and review other signals from the Signals table or other frequency ranges on the spectrum graphs. Otherwise the function will forcibly tune into the most dangerous signal again while readjusting the spectrum graphs correspondingly.

The popup menu contains the following controls:

 Clear Signals – deletes all the signals from the Signals table. This function is accessible in the

Wide-Range analyzer, Signal analyzer and in the Stop / View log mode. As standard, when you work with a log, each new launch of detection continues updating signals collected during the previous sessions. If the Clear Signals is pressed in the Stop / View Log mode the next detection will start from the empty table. If the Clear Signals is called from a manual mode (Wide-Range Analyzer or Signal Analyzer), the signals will be deleted from the memory temporarily and loaded again in the Stop / View log mode or when starting a detecting mode.

 Report On Signal allows the operator to generate a report on the currently selected signal

and save it into a .bmp or .jpg file. Before calling this function select the desired signal and adjust the spectrum graphs if necessary (set span, density and representation mode). The report will include the textual and graphic information. Below is the example of report on the Wi-Fi signal:

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Delta X. User’s Manual

 Show values turns on the showing of extra columns in the Signals table with the text values

of dbm and danger level

The field’s headers are used for sorting the signals. The subsequent clicks on a field’s header sort the signals in an ascending and descending order. The subsequent clicks on the dBm and Danger firstly sort by the current level (darker color) and then by the peak level (lighter color).

The common signals and bands are sorted simultaneously not depending on which header was clicked.

The toolbar for the common signals is shown and hidden when the section’s header is clicked. It contains the following controls:

 Labels with the central frequency and name  Delete – erases the current common signal  Add to known – adds the current common signal to the Known Signals table. Please make sure

that the signal which you are adding is safe. Signs of safety are: 1) the signal is present in different parts of city or areas; 2) the level does not rise sharply in a certain part of the premises; 3) the demodulation explains what information is being transmitted; 4) is in the list of frequencies used by police, fire or emergency service; 5) is in the list of FM stations for the area.

 Update mask – re-updates the mask of the selected known signal (please read below).

The toolbar for the bands is shown and hidden when the section’s header is clicked. It contains the following controls:

 The Name of the selected band  The current dBm level of the selected band  The threshold for the selected band (please read the ‘Test detection and adjustment of

thresholds‘ on page 31)

Updating masks of separate known signals

What is masking?

When a signal exceeds the threshold it becomes dangerous. The threshold for the masked signal lays higher than the signal and therefore is not exceeded. As a result the masked signals do not produce danger events. The Delta X uses masking to avoid alarms from broadcasting and other safe signals.

Some known signals may become dangerous despite the fact they are masked. This can happen in areas with a good reception of broadcasting - on the upper floors, in buildings facing TV towers, etc. Reupdating of a separate signal’s mask changes the threshold so the signal stops being dangerous.

The re-updating of the mask can be done in the following modes: Wide-Range Analyzer, Signal Analyzer, RF Sweep and Guard 24/7. If the operation is made in the target area, firstly make sure the known signal has no signs of another signal hidden within it. Inspect the known signal in the Spectrogram and Waterfall. Use the Persistence rendering mode. If the spectrum changes its form significantly, do not update the mask.

Detector

The Detector is created for informing the operator about the detected danger events and locating the transmitter. It shows the current level of danger on the bargraph and notifies the operator with the

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The period of the detection

green color

Click to see on the Waterfall

Current danger level

Peak danger level

audio alarm. In addition the Detector displays the history of the danger events on the Alarms graph.

The physical locating of the transmitter is performed by finding the place with the highest danger level. The audio alarm function produces proportional sound when activated.

process is shown by the light

The Detector can work in 2 modes: Wide-Range and Signal.

In the Wide-Range mode the Detector monitors all the signals simultaneously. The operator can keep an eye on the general RF situation existing in the area by watching the bargraph and listening to the audio alarm. When a new dangerous signal appears, the Detector will warn immediately.

In the Signal mode the Detector displays the danger level of a particular signal which is currently selected in the Signals table (whether common signal or band).

When the Audio alarm is on and a danger event is detected, the Detector will produce the warning clicking sound. The intensity of clicks is proportional to the level of danger. The function is used for the physical locating of the transmitter.

The Alarm threshold allows the operator to adjust the level at which the Audio alarm starts producing sound. The alarm threshold helps to avoid false alarms occurring from the insignificant changes of safe signals’ spectrums and is convenient during the physical locating (localizing) procedure. The default value is set to 25% in all the detection modes, except the Car Tracker Detector, where it is 10%.

The increase of the alarm threshold is helpful during physical locating since it decreases the area around the transmitter where the alarm audio appears. Increase the threshold step-by-step in order to outline the location of the transmitter.

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Displayed

frequency span

Frequency scroll

Time scroll

Color scale

Point of

yellow

Band label

Click on header to show/hide toolbar

Click to tune in

signal

Marker

Selection

Toolbar for

Spectrogram

Toolbar for

Waterfall

Dynamic range

The Zero button allows the operator to quickly set the audio threshold equal to the current level of danger and as such reject all weaker values. It can be also useful during the physical locating procedure.

The Alarms graph displays the history of the danger events:

 The Time Span adjustment allows the operator to select the displayed time span  The Auto button automatically adjusts the time span so that all the logged danger events are

displayed

 The Scroll to Present button scrolls to present time  The scrollbar allows the operator to scroll in time in order to see the events at the desired

moment

Clicking on the Alarms graph scrolls the Waterfall to the corresponding time (Spectrum).

Spectrum

The Spectrum page displays the graphs responsible for visual representation of spectrum:

 The Spectrogram in the upper part renders the frequency on the horizontal axis and the dBm

level on the vertical axis.

 The Waterfall in the bottom part shows how the spectrum is changing in time. Its horizontal

axis is the frequency, the vertical is the time and the color of pixel reflects the dBm level.

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Spectrogram

The Spectrogram can display the following data:

 Persistence - a way of rendering the traces with the color depending on the continuity

(persistency) of the signal. Please see the description below.

 Live – the current trace, obtained during the last update. Shown by green color.  Max – the maximums accumulated during the current operation. Shown by orange color  Threshold – the reference trace used by the detection algorithm for the selection of signals from

the trace and estimating their level of danger. Is shown by red color

A click on the Spectrogram when in the Signal Analyzer mode allows the operator to tune in the desired frequency. The marker (vertical line) will show the selected frequency. When the graph is scrolled to another range and the marker is not visible, the Scroll to marker button goes back to it.

The Spectrogram allows the user to make a selection with the help of the left mouse button. It is possible to zoom into the selection with the help of the Zoom in selection button. Thus, a desired frequency range can be quickly viewed. Please note, that when the signal is double clicked in the Signals table the selection of its bandwidth in the Spectrogram is made automatically.

The displayed frequency span can be selected with the help of the corresponding control. It is possible to select the convenient value of between 0.5 MHz and 6000MHz. The span of the spectrogram and waterfall is selected simultaneously.

The frequency scroll allows the selection the desired frequency range.

In some cases the displayed span and scroll will be selected automatically:

 When a signal is double clicked in the Signals table  When the Hold Max Danger function is activated and a more dangerous signal is detected

The band labels display the edges of the mobile and wireless bands which exist in the Bands table and get into the displayed frequency range.

The toolbar for the Spectrogram can be shown and hidden by a click on the Spectrogram’s header. It contains the following controls:

 Setting of the Persistence, Live, Max and Threshold  The Max clear button is available in the manual modes  The Dynamic range selector. The higher selection -90…-10 dBm allows the user to observe

strong signals better, the moderate -90…-30 dBm suitable for most tasks, while the lowest -90…50 dBm is suitable for viewing the weakest signals.

 The Color scale displays how the color in the Waterfall depends on the dBm level and the color

in the Persistence depends on the activity of signal. The Color scale changes as the Point of Yellow is adjusted.

 The Point of Yellow sets the dBm level to be displayed by yellow in the Waterfall and the level

of activity to be displayed by yellow in the Persistence

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Wi-Fi

Bluetooth bug

Max

Persistence

The Persistence is the way of rendering the spectrum with color depending on the activity of the signal, i.e. how frequently it exists. As such the operator can distinguish between the permanent and intermittent signals. The rare intermittent signals are drawn in blue or green color, whereas more permanent signals are shown in yellow or red.

A great advantage of the Persistence is that it allows the operator to recognize signals hidden under other signals.

Below is an example of finding a Bluetooth bugging device hidden under the Wi-Fi signal:

The Max trace contains the maximums accumulated from the intermittent signals during the long period of time and therefore cannot be used for visual recognition of a hidden signal with a lower level. At the same time the Persistence clearly shows in red the 2429 MHz signal with more frequent existence than a yellow Wi-Fi signal ‘behind’ it.

The Persistence uses the multiple spectrum traces taken from the Waterfall; therefore the Waterfall’s view and settings influence the Persistence.

The Point of Yellow controls the colors in the Persistence.

As a standard, the green Live trace is displayed filled. When the Persistence is activated, the filling of the Live goes off and the trace is displayed just by the stroke.

Waterfall

The Waterfall displays the multiple traces obtained during a specified span of time and is extremely valuable for detection of intermittent signals.

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During the detection the Waterfall displays the information accumulated in the log and scrolls as the new measurement is performed. In the Stop / View Log mode the waterfall displays the information stored in the log. In the manual modes (Wide-Range Analyzer and Signal Analyzer) the Waterfall temporarily accumulates the data for the displayed frequency span.

The density regulates the time span displayed by the Waterfall. The density may vary between ‘one trace per 10 pixel lines’ and up to ’10 traces per one pixel line’.

When the data is loaded from the log in the detection modes or in the Stop / View Log mode the higher density setting may cause significant disk reading and a large processing of data. The fetching may take longer, particularly when a wide displayed span is selected. Try to avoid the maximal density with the simultaneous wide span to achieve the optimal performance. After using a high density return the low value.

When in the Stop / View Log mode a click on the waterfall allows the user to upload and view the corresponding trace in the Live.

The time scroll allows the operator to select the desired time shown by the waterfall. It is also possible to select the time by clicking on the Alarms graph in the Detector. Please note that when the Waterfall is scrolled to an older span of time, it does not update with a new trace received from the spectrum analyzer. Scroll to the current time in order to restore the updating.

The color scale near the Spectrogram allows the operator to see how the color of the Waterfall’s pixels depends on the dBm level. The point of yellow can be shifted up in order to hide weaker signals or background noise in the Waterfall. The further increase of the yellow point will hide the signals of the average level. Shifting the yellow point down will show the weaker signals.

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Delta X 2000/6 Real-Time

Delta X 100/12 or 100/4

1.5-3 second

1-2 minutes

Manual modes

Wide-Range Analyzer

This mode can be used for:

 Capturing the signals existing in the area in order to store them in the Known Signals table  Test detection and adjustment of thresholds

In the Wide-Range Analyzer mode the software analyzes the entire RF spectrum, recognizes the signals and inserts them into the Signals table. The signals can be further analyzed in the Signal Analyzer mode and, when necessary, stored in the Known signals table.

The fetch time of a spectrum trace depends on the used version of the system:

Antenna connection: connect the antenna directly to the spectrum analyzer’s INPUT 50 Ohm.

Capturing known signals

Both the known and unknown signals are masked during the detection thanks to the Update Mask procedure. Despite this the filling of the Known Signals table has certain advantages:

 Separate known signals can be re-masked manually during the detection to reduce false alarms.

The unknown signals cannot be re-masked during the detection process

 The known signals can be hidden using filtering so more attention is paid to the unknown

suspicious signals

 The operator can visually distinguish between known and unknown signals

When the system is constantly used in the same area, filling of the Known Signals table is strongly recommended.

After the first starting of the software, the Known Signals table is empty. While the TV channels can be imported from the data file, the FM, VHF/UHF and other frequencies constantly existing in the area should be captured and entered to the Known Signals table manually.

Typically the sequence of actions is as follows:

 Import of TV channels to the empty Known Signals table  Capturing signals in Wide-Range Analyzer  Adjustment of the dBm threshold for bands  Studying the captured signals in the Signal Analyzer mode and adding them to the Known

Signals table

When the Delta X system is moved to another location (city, state or country), the Known Signals table should be re-filled for that new area. Typically the algorithm is as follows:

 Export of the existing known signals to an external file for future use

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 Clearing the table (‘Delete All’ button)  Import of the TV channels to the empty Known Signals table  Capturing signals in Wide-Range Analyzer  Adjustment of the dBm threshold for bands  Studying the captured signals in the Signal Analyzer mode and adding them to the Known

Signals table

In the Wide-Range Analyzer the antenna should be placed so that the best reception of broadcasting is achieved. This could be done in, or near a window. Higher floors are advisable.

Stay in the Wide-Range Analyzer for a while and change the position of the antenna in order to accumulate the maximums trace. If the real-time spectrum analyzer is used (the 2000/6 model) the capturing of signals is done within few seconds, while the slower versions will need a few minutes.

To be sure that there is no potential bugging devices among the captured signals, it is recommended to collect the known signals in a place other than of the pending sweeping.

The information is not stored in the log in this mode; therefore after capturing signals go straight to the Signal Analyzer mode to handle the results.

Test detection and adjustment of thresholds

The Wide-Range Analyzer works similarly to the RF Sweep mode. Therefore it can be used for testing the RF environment, updating masks of known signals and adjusting the band’s thresholds before the detection.

Press the Danger Top button in order to view the most dangerous signals in the top.

The masks for the known signals which produce danger can be updated as described in the ‘Updating masks of separate known signals’ on page 24.

It is also possible to use the Wide-Range Analyzer to adjust the mobile and wireless bands’ thresholds before starting detection. The default values can be left without change although more precise tuning will allow achieving better sensitivity and fewer false alarms.

Make sure the ‘Hold max danger’ function is inactive. Open the Band’s toolbar by clicking on the ‘Bands’ header, select the desired band and adjust the threshold using the track bar:

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Standard

Recommended threshold level

High sensitivity (longer detection distance)

Low sensitivity (Shorter detection distance)

GSM

-60 dBm

-40 dBm

CDMA, 3G, 4G/LTE

-85 dBm

-75 dBm

Wi-Fi/Bluetooth/Zigbee

-70 dBm

-40 dBm

DECT

-70 dBm

-40 dBm

Selected band

Band’s dBm level

Band’s threshold

Band’s current danger

level

The downlink bands should not normally produce alarms and therefore the threshold for them should be above the dBm level. Do not set the value too high to avoid losing of sensitivity.

The uplink and ‘shared’ bands (without the ‘uplink’ or ‘downlink’ label) should be sensitive enough to detect the signals; therefore their threshold level should be lower. Do not set it too low ‘on the floor’ as the band will constantly produce alarm events and create interferences for the detection process.

While the GSM standard needs the threshold to be higher in order to limit the detection of remote devices, the CDMA, 3G and 4G/LTE should have lower threshold as they have lower dBm level.

A decrease of sensitivity may be needed when there are Wi-Fi, cellular or DECT signals coming from the uncontrolled neighboring premises. The higher the threshold is, the lower the sensitivity will be.

Please note that the adjustment of the thresholds for the bands can be made in any mode.

Signal Analyzer

This mode was created for studying the spectrum of separate signals or bands, demodulation, adding safe signals to the Known signals table and physical locating of any bugging devices. This mode does not capture new signals, but works with the records already stored in the Signals table.

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Antenna connection: connect the antenna directly to the spectrum analyzer’s INPUT 50 Ohm.

In the upper part there is a toolbar containing some controls specific for this mode:

The Watch mode defines what information is taken from the spectrum analyzer – spectrum or the demodulated sound. With the Spectrum selected the spectrum graphs will update continually. With the Demodulate the system allows the operator to listen to the signal and select the demodulation mode and bandwidth (BW).

Spectrum

Unlike the Wide-Range Analyzer, RF Sweep and Guard 24/7 where the entire RF spectrum is updated continually, the Signal Analyzer updates the partial spectrum only. Thanks to that a higher update rate is achieved so that the location procedure can be performed faster.

The Update Span defines the updated frequency range. When the Auto is selected, the item displayed in the spectrum graphs (Spectrogram, Waterfall) span will be updated. When the user changes the displayed span or scrolls to another frequency in the spectrum graphs, this new range becomes updated. Please note that the system updates the span around the marker. Therefore after scrolling to a new position the marker should be set inside the new visible area by clicking on the Spectrogram. When a signal is double-clicked or clicked in the Signals table, the marker is set automatically.

The Number of readings defines how many times the trace is fetched from the spectrum analyzer. Thanks to the accumulation of maximums the increased number allows the operator to track any intermittent signals with a short time of existence. For example, a Wi-Fi signal’s bursts last 5-100 microseconds only so the increased number will improve the probability of capturing. Increase the number of readings for Wi-Fi, 4G/LTE, and all other non-constantly existing signals in order not to pass the activity during the locating procedure.

Please note that this setting is valid in the Signal Analyzer mode only, while the other modes fetch the traces in accordance with their own algorithms.

The Frequency shows the tuned frequency. The marker on the Spectrogram will be positioned correspondingly. There are 3 ways to change the tuned frequency:

 Double-clicking or clicking the signal in the Signals table  A click on the Spectrogram  Editing the value directly using the Frequency control

Demodulation

When the watch mode is set to Demodulate the Delta X produces demodulated sound on the currently tuned frequency.

The toolbar in the Demodulate mode:

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There are 5 demodulation modes: FM (frequency modulation), AM (amplitude modulation), USB (upper sideband modulation), LSB (lower sideband modulation) and CW (continuous wave modulation).

Please note that in our modern environment there are a huge number of digital signals which cannot be listened to with the help of the analogue demodulator. Mobile communications, wireless devices and encrypted VHF/UHF communication cannot be demodulated. Despite this the Delta X warns the operator about the existence of such signals, by detecting their spectrum. The subsequent locating procedure makes it possible to pinpoint the transmitter in the premises not depending on the ability to demodulate.

Analogue bugging transmitters typically use the FM modulation, although some devices sending audio through the wires can use the AM or other modes. Radio broadcasting uses both the FM and AM, depending on the band. TV signals can be sent in the FM or AM, depending on the country.

The demodulation bandwidth (BW) can be selected in order to achieve the best quality of reception. For example 240000 Hz suits for the demodulation of some analogue bugging devices, FM stations and audio channels of TV stations. 15000 Hz suits for the reception of some analogue bugging devices and VHF/UHF communications.

It is recommended to apply different demodulations and BWs when inspecting any unknown signals.

To tune in a signal double-click or click it in the Signals table. By default the signal’s central frequency is tuned in. Since the currier of some signals is not positioned in the center (for example TV/video signals),

it is recommended to change the tuned frequency within the edges of signal’s spectrum in order to

study the unknown signal and find possible signs of modulation and audio.

Please note the absence of audio is not a sign of a signal’s safety. The more important indication is the absence of a high danger level in different parts of premises. Therefore it is recommended to move the Delta X system or its antenna in order to inspect and locate any suspicious signals.

Physical locating of the transmitter

The procedure should be accomplished in the watch mode set to Spectrum.

The Detector will indicate the danger level on the bargraph. The current value will be shown by red, the peak value - by light red color. The operator will be warned by the proportional sound if the Audio alarm function is activated. The signal’s danger will increase as the Delta X or its antenna is closer to the transmitter and will drop at longer distances. The Audio Alarm function will produce a clicking sound with changing intensity depending on the danger level.

By finding the place with the highest danger level the operator can locate the transmitter.

The signal’s danger level can be between 0 and 100% and is calculated from the above-threshold level and bandwidth. While the threshold for the common signal is generated automatically, for the bands it is set by the operator.

Algorithm of the locating procedure:

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Signal’s peak danger level

1. Start the Signal analyzer

2. Set watch mode to Spectrum

3. Open the Detector and select its mode as Signal

4. Double-click or click the desired common signal or band in the Signals table

5. Turn on the Audio alarm in the Detector

6. Move the Delta X system or its antenna in order to find the place with the strongest danger

level. The bargraph will show the changing level while the Audio alarm will produce sound of corresponding intensity. The level and intensity of the sound will grow as the antenna is moved toward the transmitter.

7. The Alarm threshold allows the operator to mute the audio for weaker levels. By increasing the

alarm threshold progressively it is possible to find the area with the strongest signal and, as such, pinpoint the potential transmitter. The Zero button quickly sets the alarm threshold to the current level.

Signal’s danger level

changes as the antenna

is moved closer or

further

Some safe signals from broadcasting or communications might produce increased danger levels or ‘false alarms’. False alarms have the following signs:

 The danger level changes insignificantly in different parts of checked premises  The danger level rises near windows and outside the premises  There is no sharp increase of danger in a certain part of a room  The same signal exists in other logs obtained in other areas

At the same time, really dangerous signals have the following signs:

 A sharp increase of danger level in a certain place  A high danger level

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Please note that the mobile networks of the higher generations (3G, 4G/LTE) may use the older networks GSM/CDMA temporarily. A mobile device may change the network and frequency right during the communication session. At this moment the signal may disappear from the Signal Analyzer tuned in the initial band. Testing other bands or returning to the detection will be necessary to find the new active band and to continue with the location.

Directed microwave antenna MWA-6

The supplied microwave antenna MWA-6 can help in locating the transmitters working on frequencies above 800 MHz. In addition to the increased sensitivity it can show the direction to the transmitter which simplifies the locating procedure significantly.

 To avoid losses in the cable and antenna switcher, connect the microwave antenna directly to

the spectrum analyzer.

 Rotate the antenna in different directions to find the strongest danger level and go in that

direction. The Delta X system should be carried.

 After approaching the potential location repeat finding the direction. As such, step-by-step, a

precise position of the transmitter can be found.

 Proceed to the physical inspection

The following transmitters can be found with the help of the MWA-6 microwave antenna:

 CDMA, GSM  3G  3G/LTE  Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, Bluetooth, ZigBee, wireless cameras  All other signals above 800 MHz

Adding signals to the Known Signals table

After a signal is identified in the Signal Analyzer mode as safe, it can be added to the Known Signals table. To do that the operator should stay on the signal and press the ‘Add to known’ button in the Common signals’s toolbar. The software will open the Known Signals table with the new record added.

It is necessary to enter the name of the new signal, specify its modulation mode and correct the central frequency and bandwidth.

Since the signal’s central frequency and bandwidth are detected automatically, it may be necessary to set more precise ‘rounded’ values before the new signal is saved.

For example, for an FM radio signal the central frequency should be rounded to the nearest 100 kHz, while the bandwidth should be set as 250 kHz. The detected signal 99.98 MHz with bandwidth 126 kHz should be stored in the Known signals table with the central frequency 100.0 MHz, bandwidth 250 kHz, name ‘100 FM’ and FM modulation.

Press the Apply button to store the changes.

The Mask for the added signal will be updated automatically.

Press the ‘Back to Signal analyzer’ button on the top toolbar of the Known Signals.

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Log selection button

Available dates for the

selected log

List of logs

Currently opened log

Currently reviewed date

Selected log

Detecting modes

Stop / View Log

A log is a database which stores data collected during the detection process. In the Stop / View Log mode the operator reviews the results of detection without performing new measurements.

Selecting log and date

The Stop / View Log can be pressed anytime during the detection so that the current log for the present date can be reviewed. At the same time, it is possible to select any other log or date later, using the log selection button.

The upper part of the log selection window contains the list of logs, whereas the bottom part displays the list of dates available for the selected log.

The information in the logs is split into dates. When the detection is started on another day, a new date is created. If the detection is performed continually, the Delta X system creates a set of dates. A new date is created at midnight.

Press the log selection button, select the log, date and press OK to open. It is also possible to open the log by double-clicking it or the desired date.

The File Size reflects the occupied disk space (by the date).

It is possible to delete a separate date with the help of the Delete date button. The entire log and all its dates can be erased at once by the Delete button in the upper toolbar. A currently open log and date cannot be deleted.

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Viewing signals and alarms

Delta X. User’s Manual

The Stop / View Log mode gives information about the detected signals to the operator. The task of the operator is to study the dangerous signals, alarms and to go to the Signal Analyzer for locating or saving the signal to the Known Signals table.

The Signals table shows the list of detected signals. All the standard operations with the signals are available in this mode: filtering, sorting, etc.

The Danger field represents the maximal danger level of the signals (light red) measured during the last detection. Use the Dangerous filter and the Danger top button to quickly select the most dangerous signals.

Double-clicking the signal (whether common or band) allows the operator to review it in the spectrum graphs and Detector.

When the mode of the Detector is Wide-Range, the Danger level bargraph shows the maximum alarm from all the signals, while the Alarms graph shows the distribution of alarms in time.

When the mode of the Detector is Signal, the Danger level bargraph represents the maximal alarm from the selected signal, while the Alarms graph shows the distribution of alarms in time for the signal.

The Alarms graph can be clicked in order to select the corresponding time in the Waterfall.

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Selected signal

Selected signal’s danger level

Alarms: danger level is more

than 0%

Below is an example of the intermittent signal 433,9256 MHz. The bargraph is showing the 43% danger level, while the Alarms graph displays the moments of activity.

When the Auto button in the bottom toolbar is in the pressed position, the Alarms graph automatically changes the displayed time span to show all the available alarms.

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Selected signal

Persistence

Max

Activities of selected signal

The Spectrum page allows the operator to see the spectral information. Below is an example of the same 433,9256 MHz signal:

The Persistence rendering (shown on the above example) draws the spectrum by a changing color depending on the activity of signal. Depending on your needs, the Persistence or Live can be activated.

The orange Max shows the maximums accumulated during the detection. The maximums are convenient for learning intermittent signals as they keep the information even if the signal is not active at the moment of reviewing the results.

The Waterfall allows the operator to see the changes of signals in time. While the Alarms graph shows the danger level, the Waterfall displays the dBm level by color. By clicking on the Waterfall it is possible to view the spectrum trace taken at the moment corresponding to the position of the click on the vertical time scale. The Live will show the clicked trace.

Adjustment of the Waterfall’s density will help to set the displayed period, while scrolling it vertically sets the starting moment. It is also possible to scroll the Waterfall by clicking the needed time in the Alarms graph (Detector page). The Waterfall data defines what is shown in the Persistence.

To inspect the signal’s history during other days, open the needed date in the log selection window.

To study a signal’s spectrum in the present time, demodulate and locate the transmitter use the Signal Analyzer mode.

Update Masks

In this mode the Delta X can be adapted to the current radio-frequency environment before any detection. This procedure significantly reduces false alarms and increases the general detection sensitivity since it stores spectrums of safe signals existing in the area. Both the known and unknown signals are masked.

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Perform the Update Masks procedure each time you are going to use the Delta X in a new location.

Antenna connection: connect the antenna directly to the spectrum analyzer’s INPUT 50 Ohm.

Start the Delta X system and run the Update Masks mode before entering the target zone. This can be done in a car, outdoors or in another building. Higher floors are recommended since they provide better reception of broadcasting signals. Place the antenna near a window if possible. Move it in different directions and angles in order to accumulate the highest levels.

Make sure the procedure is performed at a minimum distance of 50-100 meters to the target area. It will prevent the system from masking a real danger (bugging signal). Longer distances are also possible.

If it is completely impossible to update masks at the specified distance, perform the procedure as far from the target room as possible. Select a remote room or another floor and update masks there. In case of updating in close proximity the detection distance might decrease slightly.

Select the time of update in minutes. With a longer time the system will have more chances to capture non-constant signals like remote controls, VHF/UHF transceivers, etc. and as such to mask them. The default value is 5 minutes.

Press Update to start the process. The progress bar will show the status.

Please note that the Delta X versions 100/12 and 100/4 use a slower spectrum analyzer and therefore will perform the procedure longer than shown on the progress bar.

Additional mask updates may reduce false alarms even more. Use Add another point to perform more measurements. Please note that the Update button clears the old masks, while the Add another point adds new data to the existing ones.

Below is the example of placement for the Update Mask in a modern city. The red spot is the target zone. The circle of 50-100 m radius is the non-recommended zone. The suggested places for updating masks are drawn by the green spots.

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Target zone

Places suitable for the Update Masks procedure

The results of the Update Mask are saved automatically.

RF Sweep

This is the main detection mode, in which the Delta X detects signals, evaluates their danger level and warns the operator about any high danger. The signals, alarm events and spectrum traces are saved in the log.

The RF Sweep mode provides extremely high sensitivity thanks to the ability to omit the safe broadcasting and communication signals existing in the area and detect all other signals.

This mode is suitable for the following tasks:

 Checking premises for the presence of RF bugging (sweeping procedure)  Checking vehicles for the presence of GPS trackers and RF bugs  Securing conference rooms during negotiations

Preparations

The following preparations should be made before starting the RF Sweep:

 Mobile networks and wireless bands should be specified in the Bands table  Known signals imported or collected using the Wide-Range Analyzer and Signal Analyzer  Personal Wi-Fi, cellular and DECT devices deactivated  The mobile/wireless thresholds adjusted  The Update Masks procedure performed  Sound in the checked room should be created to activate any potential bugging devices. In

addition to the voice activation function present in some analogue bugs, cellular devices and bugs using the GSM, 3G, 4G/LTE increase their transmitting power and intensity when there is a sound. The laptop with the Delta X can produce music or a language tuition course for example

Antenna connection: connect the antenna directly to the spectrum analyzer’s INPUT 50 Ohm.

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Initial parameters

After selecting the RF Sweep mode the operator is asked to set the initial parameters.

Mask signals defines what signals to mask during the detection. This function will work if the Update Masks procedure was executed in advance. The masked signals do not produce any alarms so the false alarm rate decreases. Known and unknown will mask both types of signals, minimizing false alarms and increasing the general sensitivity. Known only will mask the known signals only. More alarms are usually produced in this variant.

Sensitivity to common signals defines how strong a signal should be to be detected. The position of the threshold is connected with this selection. High sensitivity will provide the detection of the weakest signals, but with more false alarms. Low minimizes false detections. Moderate is set by default.

Log selects to what log (database) the data will be written. Press the selection button if necessary. The log selection window will pop-up. Please see the ‘Stop / View Log’ section for details.

When the 100/12 version of the Delta X is being used, the user is offered to select the frequency range. There are two options: partial 100 kHz – 6000 MHz or full 100 kHz – 13000 MHz. Selection of the partial range helps to speed up the detection process by scanning the most probable bugging frequencies.

To start the detecting press the Start button.

The Delta X will enter its working state and the Signals table, Detector and Spectrum will be shown. Within a few seconds, after initialization of the USB connection, detection will start.

Detection process

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Delta X. User’s Manual

Delta X 2000/6 Real-Time

Delta X 100/12 or 100/4

1.5-3 seconds

1-2 minutes

General danger status

Logging status

The most

dangerous signal

Change of danger level in time (all

signals)

Current danger

Peak danger

Wide-Range mode: danger

simultaneously

level of all signals is shown

In the RF Sweep mode the software automatically recognizes the signals in the spectrum traces, adds them to the Signals table and updates the dBm and danger levels. The trace’s fetch time depends on the used version of the system:

The Signals are divided into Common signals and Bands. The Bands contains the activities registered in the mobile and wireless ranges while the rest of the signals are placed into the Common signals category.

The excess of the threshold may mean that the signal has a local origin. The aim of the Delta X is to discover all local transmitters therefore such signals are assigned a higher danger level. The level is calculated on the above-threshold basis and takes into consideration the dBm level and the bandwidth of the signal.

The Danger level is drawn by red and reflects the current level of danger. The Peak Danger is drawn by light red. It keeps the maximal danger level and allows the operator to observe any non-constant signals.

The ‘Dangerous’ filtering can be applied to select the signals with a Peak Danger above 0%

The Detector and its Audio alarm function warns the operator about the detected danger visually and with sound. The intensity of the sound changes depending on the signal’s power, which makes it possible to locate the transmitter instantly. The Detector can work in the Wide-range mode, informing the operator about all the signals simultaneously or in the Signal mode, where the particular signal is displayed.

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Type of signal

Detection distance

TV, FM broadcasting

5-10 km

VHF/UHF communications

0.2-2 km

VHF/UHF bug

5-50 meters

GSM bug

5-20 meters

CDMA, 3G, 4G/LTE bug

2-4 meters

DECT

5-10 meters

Wi-Fi

5-10 meters

Bluetooth, ZigBee

2-10 meters

Wireless video camera

5-20 meters

Delta X 2000/6 Real-Time

Delta X 100/12 or 100/4

The default value of the Alarm threshold is 25% in the RF Sweep mode. Such a value allows the operator to pass most of the false alarms while keeping the ability to capture any real danger.

The left bottom corner of the Delta X software displays the danger status. The color of the rectangle changes depending on the danger level and is green for low values, yellow for a moderate danger level and becomes red as the level becomes higher.

When entering the RF Sweep mode the Hold max danger function is activated by default. The function places the dangerous signals on the top of the Signal table and tunes in the signal with the highest danger level. When it is necessary to review other signals or change the displayed frequency span or scroll in the spectrum graphs, the Hold max danger must be turned off.

Detection distance

The detection distance depends on the transmitter and is connected with its transmission distance.

A typical bugging device sends signals over 20-200 meters and can be easily detected by the Delta X at a distance of 5-50 meters. At the same time, the 3G and 4G standards, due to the specific type of modulation can be detected at a shorter distance of 2-4 meters.

Most bugging devices can be found without the necessity of moving the system or its antenna within the room in order to scan the area. Nevertheless, to obtain the most reliable results and find all types of bugging, including the 3G/4G and the low-power devices like Bluetooth, the antenna should approach them at least 2 meters. Therefore moving the system/antenna and scanning the area is recommended.

Scanning the area

The advantages of moving the system or the antenna are:

 Low-power transmitters and some hard-to-detect cellular signals can be detected at a closer

distance

 The operator may need to decrease the sensitivity on some bands in order to avoid false alarms

from neighboring Wi-Fi and cellular devices. The loss of detection sensitivity can be compensated at a closer distance

 The location of the transmitter can be discovered during the detection

The scanning procedure depends on the used version:

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Scan all areas in the room by moving the system or its antenna smoothly with the speed of 50 cm per second taking into consideration the detection distance of 2 m

Relocate the system or its antenna by 2 meters every 5 minutes until the entire room is scanned

False alarms

Since the RF environment changes in different places, some known signals may produce alarms in the RF Sweep mode despite the Update Masks procedure being performed before the detection. This may happen on higher floors, near the windows or in any premises facing broadcasting towers.

The influence of the false alarms can be lowered by the increased Alarm threshold, but a more recommended measure is to re-update the individual masks for known signals which produce danger. The procedure can be done without stopping the detection process:

 Place the system or antenna where a good reception of broadcasting can be achieved (near a

window)

 Deactivate the Hold max danger function  Open the Spectrum page  Open the Common signal’s toolbar by clicking the header  Tune in a known signal producing the danger by double clicking it in the Signals table. The

known signals can be recognized as their Name field is not empty. The mask for unknown signals cannot be re-updated.

 Inspect the spectrum of the known signal. Make sure the spectrum has no signs of the presence

of another signal hidden within – no sharp increases of spectrum, no other signals within the signal’s edges are seen in the Persistence view.

 Press the Update Mask button in the toolbar to mask the signal. After the next fetch of the trace

the threshold within the signal’s edges will increase and the signal’s danger level will drop.

 Repeat the same procedure a number of times for all other known signals showing danger.

Some signals may need repeated updates.

False alarms may also appear on the mobile/wireless bands if their thresholds are not adjusted properly. To adjust the band’s threshold open the toolbar by clicking the Bands’ header.

The downlink bands should not normally produce any alarms. If this happens, firstly check the spectrum and behavior of the danger level. Since the downlink signals are coming from the base stations situated outside, the danger level may grow near windows. In this case and when there is no concentration of the high danger level the band’s threshold can be increased to prevent alarming.

With the uplink and shared bands a lower threshold will provide a higher detection distance. At the same time it may be necessary to set it to certain level to reject any Wi-Fi, DECT and cellular devices creating interference from an adjacent (neighboring) premises.

After the known signal’s masks are updated and the thresholds for bands are adjusted, the Alarm threshold can be minimized and the maximum sensitivity achieved.

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Bugging device

Replacement

VHF/UHF radio microphone

Body-worn ‘bodypack’ radio microphone used on TV

GSM bug

Mobile phone in GSM mode (with 3G off) in the conversation state. A call from a landline telephone can be made, the phone picked up and left off hook

3G bug

3G mobile phone in the conversation or data exchange state. To initiate continuous data exchange Skype or Viber software can be used or a long Youtube video watched

Wi-Fi transmitter (client)

A Wi-Fi connected mobile phone in the state of data exchange (Skype/Viber/Youtube)

Wi-Fi transmitter (server)

Wi-Fi router

Hidden wireless camera

Video baby monitor

DECT radio microphone

DECT phone in the conversation state

Bluetooth bug

Bluetooth headset or wireless mouse in the active state

Results of detection

The results can be reviewed during the detection. Double-clicking or clicking the signal shows it on the spectrum graphs. When the Detector is in Signal mode, it will show the alarm events of the clicked signal on the Alarms graph.

Clicking the event on the Alarms graph will scroll the Waterfall to the corresponding time.

The RF Sweep mode presumes the detection and locating simultaneously, but due to the processing of the entire frequency range the movement speed is limited. The Signal Analyzer mode can be used temporarily in order to study a suspicious signal and locate it physically. Then the RF Sweep can be continued again.

Press the Stop / View Log after the detection is completed. The information can be reviewed in this mode (page 37).

Training

Before starting the actual detection a ‘test’ detection with bugging devices of different types can be performed.

Some home appliances and cellular devices work similarly to real bugging devices; therefore they can be used for training in the absence of real bugs.

Cellular devices can decrease the power or intensity of exchange when there is no conversation (no sound). When performing the test training detection, make sure there is a sound near the cellular device.

When testing the Delta X take into consideration the reaction time of the used version in the RF Sweep mode. The ‘2000/6 Real Time’ has the fastest speed so the signal does not need to exist so long to be detected (up to 3 seconds). The slower versions 100/12 and 100/4 need the signal to exist for at least 2 minutes to detect it. At the same time, in the Signal Analyzer mode both versions have a quick reaction time.

When testing the system with a car’s remote control take into consideration that the sent signal may last less than the reaction time of the system. The detection of such signals may take time up to 10 seconds.

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Guard 24/7

There are a number of hidden bugging devices transmitting signals non-constantly:

 Radio microphones or video cameras activated remotely  GSM/3G/4G/LTE bugs activated by an external request  Bugging devices with accumulation and periodical uploading of information

Such types of bugs transmit radio signals just periodically - during important meeting, negotiations or whenever necessary. An audio accumulating bug can store conversations during days and then upload the data within a few minutes at a pre-programmed time or under an external request.

The Guard 24/7 mode was created for the day-and-night guarding of the target zone in order to detect all types of signals including non-constant ones and provide the highest level of security.

There are some differences comparing to the RF Sweep mode:

 The system has a lower alarm rate thanks to the rejection of short transmissions  The reaction time depends on the signal’s power and bandwidth  The operator can use 2 antennas simultaneously to decrease any false alarms

Gaining experience in the RF Sweep mode can be recommended before using the Guard 24/7.

Reaction time

Since the short signals from remote controls, wireless alarm sensors and VHF/UHF communications are considered to be safe, the Guard 24/7 rejects them. In this mode a signal should exist and exceed the threshold during a certain time in order to become dangerous.

The reaction time depends on the signal’s power and bandwidth. The stronger signals with a wider bandwidth produce an alarm faster, usually within 3-5 seconds. The weaker narrowband signals should exist for at least 5-10 seconds to produce the alarm.

Please note that the pulsing timeslot signals like DECT, Wi-Fi, GSM, 4G/LTE, etc. are detected in the Guard 24/7 mode.

Initial parameters

The parameters page appears when the Guard 24/7 mode is selected. All the options are similar to the RF Sweep mode, except the Algorithm selector:

When the 1 antenna algorithm is selected the Delta X works the same way as in the RF Sweep mode. The system/antenna can be moved or remain fixed. The only exception is the reaction time. Please read about the ‘RF Sweep’ on page 42.

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Main antenna

Remote antenna

Target room

The 2 antenna algorithm was created for static use. The Delta X can guard the target zone for a long time and adapt to the RF environment by updating the masks automatically. The antennas are placed inside the target room and in a remote area.

Usage of 2 antennas

 The main antenna should be put within the target zone (in the checked room)  The remote antenna should be as far from the target zone as possible (not closer than 15-20

meters)

 The remote antenna should be able to receive the broadcasting and other external signals with

high sensitivity. The optimal placement is near a window.

 Both antennas should be used with the extension cables to equalize the attenuation, not

depending on the position of the system.

 The system can be placed in any convenient place, within the target zone or in an adjacent room

In case of organizing a permanent control post and running through its own cables, use the following 50 Ohm low-attenuation cables: LMR-240, 5D-FB (6-7 mm), RG-8, RG-213, LMR-400 (10 mm), LMR-600 (14 mm). The RG-58 and other high loss cables cannot be used. Do not exceed 30-50 meters length. Use the same cable length for the main and remote antenna. If possible, the remote antenna can be placed in the roof area or at least in a window to provide the best reception of broadcasting.

Example of antenna placement:

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Antenna connections

When 1 antenna is used, it should be connected directly to the spectrum analyzer’s INPUT 50 Ohm.

When the 2-anttena algorithm is applied, the antenna switcher is used. Before pressing Start make all the necessary connections:

 The antenna switcher’s output marked as RECEIVER should be connected to the INPUT 50 Ohm

with the supplied cable

 The main antenna with the extension cable – to ANT 1  The remote antenna with the extension cable – to ANT 2

When it is necessary to make a location procedure or study a suspicious signal, stop the detection temporarily and enter the Signal Analyzer mode. Move the main antenna to make the physical location.

Detection process

When the Guard 24/7 is started with the 2-antenna algorithm selected, the system works under the following algorithm:

 After the start, the ‘Update Masks’ procedure is performed automatically on the remote

antenna during 1 minute

 The main antenna is selected and the spectrum traces are fetched  If dangerous signals are detected on the main antenna, the mask updating procedure on a

remote antenna is repeated with a frequency of once per 30 seconds

 Some external ‘false’ signals can be eliminated in this mode thanks to the quick mask updating

Car Tracker Detector

GPS trackers

A GPS tracking unit is a device, normally carried by a moving vehicle or person, that uses the Global Positioning System to determine and track its precise location, and hence that of its carrier, at intervals. The recorded location data can be stored within the tracking unit, or it may be transmitted to a central location data base, or Internet-connected computer, using a cellular (SMS or internet packets), radio, or satellite modem embedded in the unit.

Usually, a GPS tracker will fall into one of these three categories:

 Data logger. Logs the position of the device at regular intervals in its internal memory.  Data pusher (most common type, also known as a GPS beacon). This kind of device sends the

position of the device at regular intervals, to a determined server, which can store and instantly

analyze the data.

 Data puller (also known as GPS transponders). Sends the position under external request only.

This technology is not in widespread use and can be used in the case where the location of the tracker will only need to be known occasionally e.g. placed in property that may be stolen, or that does not have constant source of energy to send data on a regular basis, like freights or containers.

The data pusher, sending the coordinates periodically and using the cellular networks is the most popular type of GPS tracker used nowadays. The data is sent via the GSM, 3G or 4G/LTE networks.

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The Delta X can detect the data pushing GPS trackers by detecting their periodical exchange with the mobile network.

Algorithm of detecting the periodical exchange

Unlike the RF Sweep mode which detects all types of signals, the Car Tracker Detector mode is concentrated on measuring activities on the cellular bands only. The other frequency ranges are not scanned. Since the spectrum analyzer does not scan other frequencies, the update rate and the probability of detection are higher and the reaction is quicker.

The bands to be monitored in the Car tracker detector are selected in the Settings – Bands. The ‘Tracker detection’ check box allows the user to include the desired bands. It is recommended to include all the cellular uplinks and exclude the downlinks and the wireless bands like Wi-Fi and DECT. The 4G/LTE bands of a ‘Shared’ type should be included as well.

The Delta X system must be placed inside the checked vehicles. The detection algorithm is as follows:

 All personal mobile phones and other carried cellular devices must be switched off or placed

into flight mode

 All the known cellular devices built in the car (alarm systems, traffic statistics senders, etc.)

should be deactivated (switched off). If necessary, contact a car service for turning them off temporarily

 Go to a secondary road in the country to avoid external interferences. Start the Car tracker

detector mode. Like the other detection modes, the Car tracker detector allows the user to select the log. Press the Start button to begin.

 Typically trackers have a movement sensor; therefore the vehicle should move in order for the

tracker to be detected. Drive along secondary roads omitting cities, high traffic areas or crowded places in order to avoid interferences from other external cellular devices

 Since the frequency of the coordinate’s upload is unknown, driving and simultaneous

measurement during at least 1-2 hours is recommended. Note: A car’s power point can be used to power the Delta X’s laptop

 The periodical activity in the GSM, 3G or 4G/LTE bands with a moderate to high level may be a

sign of a GPS tracker. Watch the Alarms graph. The frequency of exchange may be every 10 seconds or 30 seconds or 5 minutes, for example.

 In case of a large-sized vehicle repeat the test with the Delta X or its antenna placed in another

part of the car. Keep watching the danger level and the Alarms graph

 The dBm threshold for the bands can be adjusted to achieve the best balance between the

sensitivity and any false detections. Typically for GSM it is not necessary to set a very high sensitivity so the threshold can be between -60...-30 dBm in order to reject any external signals. 3G or 4G/LTE will demand the setting of a higher sensitivity with the threshold’s level at -85…-70 dBm.

 The Alarm threshold can be adjusted when necessary

It is also possible to analyze the results later by reviewing the log.

Below is an example of a GPS tracker sending signals on the DSC-1800 band :

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Location change algorithm

Delta X. User’s Manual

There is another approach to detecting data pusher and data puller types of GPS trackers.

In addition to the periodical exchange (data pushing), the GPS tracking devices communicate with the network when they change an area. The mobile network’s base stations are combined into areas with a unique code. When a cellular device enters the area with another code it issues a location update request, thereby informing the mobile provider of its new position. This allows the provider to locate the cellular device in case of an incoming call.

If the GPS tracker does not perform periodical exchanges, the presence of a strong signal when the vehicle is crossing the coded area’s border may discover the tracker.

The size and the borders of the coded area are unknown, but it can be supposed that if a vehicle moves 20-50 km in one direction the probability of changing the coded area and appearing of the data exchange will be high. If there is an activity in certain place, the test may be repeated in the reverse direction in order to check if the activity occurs again.

A high danger level may last 3-5 seconds in case of the presence of a ‘hidden in the vehicle’ cellular device. Presence of a cellular device may be a sign of a GPS tracker.

While the Car Tracker Detector discovers the most popular GPS trackers on the move, the RF Sweep mode can find the hidden devices of other types: beacons sending data by other means (Satellite/WiFi/VHF/UHF), bugs/radio-microphones, wireless cameras, etc. Additional usage of the RF Sweep mode is recommended for a full check of the vehicle.

LF Probe

The transmission of information through wires is supposed to be more covert since there are no easy-todetect radio waves produced. Practically any wire lying within or crossing the target room and further going outside the area can be used for listening. A bugging device of this type will consist of 2 units: a transmitter located within the target area and connected to the wire and a receiver outside the target

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Wire

Input

Probe

AC wire

AC Line

Landline telephone wires

TEL

Telephone probe with modular adapter

Ethernet cables

TEL

Telephone probe with modular adapter

Alarm cables

TEL

Telephone probe with modular adapter

Other low-voltage cables

TEL

Telephone probe with modular adapter

Infrared transmitter

IR Line

Input selecting buttons

Selected input

Double click or click to

Click to tune in the

frequency

area connected to the same wire. The transmitter picks up the audio within the room, converts it up to a higher frequency and sends the signal via the wire. The receiver picks up the signal from the wire, converts it down and passes the audio to the voice recorder or monitoring post. The signal can be sent via any type of wire while leaving it operable.

The following wires/channels can be inspected by the Delta X when it is in the LF Probe mode:

The Delta X checks the 30kHz – 10 MHz frequency range.

Elements and controls

The Delta X software has the following view in the LF Probe mode:

tune in signal

The Signals table shows the Common signals section and hides the Bands. The Spectrogram’s and Waterfall’s span is initially set to display the entire LF range, although it is possible to adjust the span and scroll to any frequency.

The first toolbar’s line contains the same controls which are present in the Signal Analyzer mode: Watch Mode selection (Spectrum or Demodulate), Update Span selection, Number of readings and Frequency.

The second toolbar’s line contains controls specific to the LF Probe mode. The input selecting buttons allow the operator to choose the desired input. The selection should be made after the probe is inserted into the socket of the switcher-converter but before it is connected to the wire, AC outlet or directed to the target zone in case it is the IR Line.

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Unlike the other detecting modes the LF Probe mode does not store the signals in the Signals table after work is completed. The Signals table and the Waterfall are cleared each time the new input is selected.

The Zero function rejects the background RF emissions received by the probe. The rejection is performed by storing the current spectrum trace for its subsequent extraction. The Zero function is called automatically each time the input is changed. Do not call the Zero button when the probe is

connected to the wire/AC outlet or when the IR Line’s sensor is directed to the target zone. When necessary, disconnect the probe from the wire/outlet or close the IR Line’s sensor and then press the

Zero button.

The Signals table and the Waterfall are cleared each time the Zero button is pressed.

The Full LF Range adjusts the span of the spectrum graphs to display the entire LF range.

Like in all other modes double clicking on a signal in the Signals table performs tuning in it. The spectrum graphs adjust automatically to show the clicked signal fully. If the Detector is in the Signal mode it will be assigned to the clicked signal. A single click tunes in a signal without adjusting the spectrum graphs.

Clicking on the Spectrogram allows tuning in the desired frequency.

The Persistence view of the Spectrogram, when activated, allows the user to distinguish between the continuous and non-constant signals.

AC wires

Warning: NEVER USE THE LOW-VOLTAGE PROBE WITH ALLIGATOR CONNECTORS FOR PROBING AC WIRES.

Algorithm:

1. Create a source of sound in the room to activate the potential bugging devices and recognize

them during demodulation

2. Select the LF Probe mode in the Delta X software

3. Connect the AC Line probe to the AC socket on the front panel of the switcher-converter. If

necessary, connect the supplied extension cable between the probe and the switcher-converter in order to reach remote AC outlets

4. Press the High voltage wire (AC) button in the software

5. Connect the probe to the AC outlet

6. All the signals excessing the threshold will be automatically inserted into the Signals table within

a second. Turn off the Audio alarm function if necessary or adjust the Alarm threshold.

7. Observe and learn the results of detection:

- Double-click or click the signals in order to review them in the spectrum graphs

- Select the Demodulate in the Watch Mode

- Click on all peaks within the Spectrogram in order to tune in precisely and listen to the

signal. Try to recognize signs of modulation. Change the demodulation mode and bandwidth if necessary. Change the frequency slightly.

Please note that since the AC wire is an antenna itself, it receives a lot of RF emissions present in our modern environment. Detection of interference signals is a normal situation.

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A ‘clean’ AC outlet. Just the interference signals are present

repeating in a number of outlets

Interference signals

Bugging signal

Bugging signal is seen. Measurement is made in the AC outlet at

Strong bugging signal and its harmonics are seen. Distance to

The task of the operator is to study all the signals in the Signals table and the spectral peaks in the Spectrogram, analyze the levels, demodulate and make a decision about their safety.

- In case of finding a modulated signal with the audio of room, or a signal with an untypically

strong level, start a physical inspection along the suspicious wire.

8. Repeat the test on other AC outlets present in the target room and in the adjacent rooms.

- The interference signals might have approximately the same spectrum and strength on all

outlets connected to the same wire, while the bugging signal will rise as the measurement is made closer to the point of bugging

- If a bugging signal is transmitted via the AC wire in a digital representation, it cannot be

demodulated. At the same time, a strong signal in a certain place and an untypical form of spectrum might point to danger.

Below is an example of detecting a listening device on the AC wire:

the distance of 5 meters to the bug

the bugging device is 30 cm

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Wire

Connection type

Needed accessory

Terminals

Landline phone

RJ-11 (6 positions, 4 conductors)

Low-voltage spring probe, modular adapter, cable 8-to-6, adapter 8-to-6

1…4

Landline system phone

RJ-12 (6 positions, 6 conductors)

Low-voltage spring probe, modular adapter, cable 8-to-6, adapter 8-to-6

1…6

Ethernet cable

RJ-45 (8 positions, 8 conductors)

Low-voltage spring probe, modular adapter, cable 8-to-8, adapter 8-to-8

1…8

Alarm cables

Direct (alligator connector)

Low-voltage spring probe

Other low-voltage cables

Direct (alligator connector)

Low-voltage spring probe

Low-voltage wires - Telephone, Ethernet and alarm

The Delta X is supplied with the following accessories allowing the operator to test low-voltage wires:

 Low-voltage spring probe with ‘alligator’ connectors  In-line modular adapter  Adapter ‘8 pin male to 6 pin female’  Adapter ‘8 pin male to 4 pin female’  Connection cable ‘8 pin to 8 pin’  Connection cable ‘8 pin to 6 pin’  Connection cable ‘8 pin to 4 pin’

For each type of wire a specific adapter should be used:

1. Create a source of sound in the room to activate any potential bugging devices and recognize

them during the demodulation

2. Select the LF Probe mode in the Delta X software

3. Connect the low-voltage spring probe to the TEL socket on the front panel of the switcher-

converter.

4. Press the Low voltage wire (TEL) button in the software

5. Connect the probe to the wire using the low-voltage probe, modular adapter and other

accessories:

Landline phone

The connection to the telephone can be made either at the phone set side or near the wall socket, depending on the accessibility. Insert the male-to-female adapter into the modular adapter tightly to provide the proper connection. Make sure the telephone stays operable after the modular adapter is connected in-line. Below is an example of probing the phone line near the phone set.

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Cable 8-to-6

Adapter 8-to-6

Telephone cable

Modular adapter

Low voltage probe

Modular adapter

Ethernet cable

Cable 8-to-8

Ethernet

The connection to the Ethernet can be made near the computer, wall socket or near the network equipment (switch/router). Insert the male-to-female adapter into the modular adapter tightly to provide the proper connection. Make sure the network stays operable after the modular adapter is connected in-line. Below is an example of probing the Ethernet at the computer:

Alarm and other low-voltage wires

Connection to other low-voltage lines, including alarm systems should be made with the help of the low-voltage probe and its alligator connectors.

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The alarm’s movement detector should be disassembled in order to reach the terminals. The procedure can be made on the control panel as well.

Please note, that alarm detectors, fire detectors and control panels are mostly tamperproof, i.e. they alert the alarm monitoring center about disassembly. The procedure should be agreed with the central monitoring station and performed with the presence of a technician.

6. Connect the alligator connectors to the terminals on the modular adapter in accordance with the

quantity of used conductors. The telephone lines may use 2, 4 or 6 conductors, while the Ethernet employs 4 conductors from the 8 present in the twisted pair cable.

The modular adapter uses the following numeration of the terminals:

Since it is often unclear what particular conductors are used, all the combinations of the alligators can be used for checking the line: 1 and 2, 2 and 3, 3 and 4, 1 and 3, 1 and 4, etc. The spectrum may coinside in some pairs.

7. After connecting the alligators the measurement will start. The signals excessing the threshold

will be automatically inserted into the Signals table. Turn off the Audio alarm function if necessary or adjust the Alarm threshold.

8. Observe and learn the results of detection:

- Double-click or click the signals in order to review them in the spectrum graphs

- Select the Demodulate in the Watch Mode

- Click on all peaks within the Spectrogram in order to tune in precisely and listen to the

signal. Try to recognize signs of modulation. Change the demodulation mode and bandwidth if necessary. Change the frequency slightly.

Please note that since the wire is an antenna itself it receives a lot of RF emissions present in our modern environment. Detection of interference signals is a normal situation. The task of the operator is to study all the signals in the Signals table and the spectral peaks in the Spectrogram, analyze the levels, demodulate and make a decision about their safety.

- In case of finding a modulated signal with the audio of room or a signal with an untypically

strong level start a physical inspection of the suspicious wire.

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9. If you are checking the phone line, perform the test off-hook and hung up

10. Repeat the test for all the combinations of pairs on the modular adapter, reconnecting the

alligators as necessary

11. Repeat the test for other telephone lines/Ethernet sockets present in the target room and in the

adjacent rooms.

- The interference signals might have approximately the same spectrum and strength on all

lines, while the bugged line will have different spectrum view and signal strength

- If a bugging signal is transmitted in a digital representation, it cannot be demodulated. At

the same time, a strong signal and an untypical form of spectrum might point to danger.

Infrared

Infrared rays are invisible and distribute relatively long distances; therefore they can be used for covert transmission of information (bugging).

Since infrared rays have a directed nature, the potential IR bug will be directed to the place of the signal’s reception i.e. outside the window. The detection should be performed in the windows’ area, with the IR Line probe placed outside the window and pointed to the interior of the room, frames and area near the frames. Keep the probe in the hand or use the action camera’s monopod and extension cable if necessary (the monopod is not supplied with the Delta X).

The detection distance of the IR Line probe is 2-5 meters with the condition of being pointed to the source.

Algorithm

1. Create a source of sound in the room to activate any potential bugging devices

2. Select the LF Probe mode in the Delta X software

3. Connect the IR Line probe to the IR socket on the front panel of the switcher-converter. If

necessary, connect the supplied extension cable between the probe and the switcher-converter

4. Press the Infrared (IR) button in the software

5. Cover (close) the probe’s sensor and press the Zero button. Keep the sensor covered for few

seconds

6. Point the IR Line probe to the place of possible bugging (from outside the window to the interior

and frames)

7. If an infrared signal is detected, it will be automatically inserted into the Signals table.

8. In case of finding a signal, rotate the probe in different directions in order to find the strongest

level, which will mean that the probe is directed to the transmitter. Move the probe closer to the supposed source while observing the change of level. Try to find the place with the highest danger level. The Audio alarm function will change the intensity of sound correspondingly. In the place where the strongest level is found start a physical inspection. If the entire area produces a low to average level of danger, and there is no one place with a strong signal, it may mean just the presence of interference.

9. Repeat the test near other windows

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Delta X. User’s Manual

Very low frequency

The MLP Line probe allows the operator to find signs of hidden working electronics by detecting radiofrequency emissions. The detection distance is up to 30 cm; therefore the objects and surfaces must be probed carefully.

1. Create a source of sound in the room to activate any potential bugging devices

2. Select the LF Probe mode in the Delta X software

3. Connect the MLP Line probe to the MLP socket on the front panel of the switcher-converter. If

necessary, connect the supplied extension cable between the probe and the switcher-converter

4. Keep the probe far from the electronics and objects to be inspected and press the Very low

frequency (MLP) button in the software

5. Start scanning the area (objects, surfaces, constructions, etc.) while observing the change of the

danger level. The Audio alarm function will produce sound of changing intensity, depending on the level.

6. All the signals (parts of spectrum exceeding the threshold) will be inserted into the Signals table

automatically. Their dBm and Danger levels will be updated during the search

7. Try to find the source of the highest signal by moving the probe in different directions. It is

normal that metallic objects and construction re-emit the RF fields, producing a high danger level. Working electronics will create a high level with a specific spectrum form.

8. Use the demodulation when it is necessary to inspect a suspicious signal. The probe should stay

near the source during this operation.

KJB DX100-4 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Content

General description

Introduction

Features

Working modes

Specification

Supplied set

Warnings

Startup

Setup

Connections

Running the software

Settings

Calibration / Data

Bands

Known signals

Signals

Controls and elements

Menu

Updating masks of separate known signals

Detector

Spectrum

Spectrogram

Persistence

Waterfall

Manual modes

Wide-Range Analyzer

Capturing known signals

Test detection and adjustment of thresholds

Signal Analyzer

Spectrum

Demodulation

Physical locating of the transmitter

Directed microwave antenna MWA-6

Adding signals to the Known Signals table

Detecting modes

Stop / View Log

Selecting log and date

Viewing signals and alarms

Update Masks

RF Sweep

Preparations

Initial parameters

Detection process

Detection distance

Scanning the area

False alarms

Results of detection

Training

Guard 24/7

Reaction time

Initial parameters

Usage of 2 antennas

Antenna connections

Detection process

Car Tracker Detector

GPS trackers

Algorithm of detecting the periodical exchange

Location change algorithm

LF Probe

Elements and controls

AC wires

Low-voltage wires - Telephone, Ethernet and alarm

Infrared

Very low frequency