2. External Views and Key Features ............................................................................................................. 2
2.1 Front Panel .............................................................................................................................................................. 2
3.2 Frequency Composition of Circuit ........................................................................................................................ 6
3.5 Principle of Frequency Synthesizer ..................................................................................................................... 9
3.7 Power Supply ........................................................................................................................................................ 10
3.8 MCU Unit ............................................................................................................................................................... 11
5.2 Maintenance and Disassembling Description .................................................................................................. 24
5.2.1. RF-PCB Disassembling Descript ion ................................................................................................... 24
5.2.2. Key-PCB Disass e mblin g Des cr ipt io n .................................................................................................. 26
6. Test and Modulation ................................................................................................................................. 27
6.1 Test and Modu lat io n M et hod .............................................................................................................................. 27
6.1.1. Parts Required for Modulation............................................................................................................. 27
6.1.3. Modulation by Computer ..................................................................................................................... 28
6.2 Radio Test .............................................................................................................................................................. 29
7. Major Technical Performance and Specifications ................................................................................. 30
7.1 General Specifications ......................................................................................................................................... 30
Appendix 1 Acrony ms .................................................................................................................................. 34
Appendix2 Material List˄Electrics136-174MHz˅ .................................................................................... 35
Appendix 3 Material Specification(Electronical Parts 400-470) .............................................................. 55
Appendix 4 Material Specification (Stucture) ............................................................................................ 74
Figure 1 FM540-01Mainboard Schem ati c Diagram(136-174MHz) ......................................................... 79
Figure 2 FM540-01 Top Layer Posit i on Diagram(136-174MHz) ............................................................. 86
Figure 3 FM540-01Bottom Layer Position Diagram(136-174MHz) ........................................................ 87
Figure 4 FM540-02 Mainboard Schemati c Diagram( 400-470MHz) ........................................................ 88
Figure 5 FM540-02 Mainboard Top Layer Position Diagram˄400-470MHz˅ ..................................... 95
Figure 6 FM540-02 Mainboar d Bottom Layer Position Diagram˄400-470MHz˅ .............................. 96
Figure 7 FM540 KEY Board Schematic Diagr a m .................................................................................... 97
Figure 8 FM5 4 0KEYTop Layer Position Diagram ................................................................................... 98
Figure 9 FM5 4 0KEY Bottom La yer Position Diagram ............................................................................ 99
II
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F M540 Serv ice Manual
1. Overview
1.1. Scope
This manual is intended for the maintenance & repair of FM540 and used by engineers and profe ssional
technicians trained by Kirisun. Dada c han ges in thi s manua l may occur w ith th e improv e ment of tec hno logy.
To get the latest t echnology information, please contact us or your local distributor s.
Please read this manual carefully before any maintenance or repair.
1.2. Safety Precaution
Please follow the instructions below to avoid fire or damage to radio:
Maximum continuous working time for transmitingis 1 minute and 4 mniutes for receiving. Long
transmitting or continuous operationon high power mode may cause overheat on the back of the
device.
Do not disassemble the device in any condition.
Do not expose the radio under direct sunlight for long time or put it near any heating device.
Avoid putting the radi o in dusty, humid or water-splashing environment or on uneven surface.
if it is smoking or leaking unusual s m ell, cut off electricity imm ediately and contact local Kirisundealer.
Do not use 24V battery as it is des ign ed to use 13.8V DC power supp ly.
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seconds) the button to
2. External Views and Key Features
2.1 Front Panel
No. Part Name No. Part Name
1 Microphone/Programming Port 2
3
5 P2 Key (programmable key ) 6
LCD Display
4 P1 Key (programmable key )
Refer to “LCD Display” section
Volu me Contro l Knob
Rotate the knob toadjust t he volume
LED Indicator
Red indicator glows: trans m it t ing.
Red indicator flashes: e m er gency,
power-on self-test failure or program
auto upgrade failure.
Green indicator glows: sig nals are being
received or channel activ ities ar e
detected.
Orange indicator flashes: it is in call
hang time (digital).
Green indicator flashes: scanning.
7 Speaker 8 P3 Key (programmable key)
power on/off Butt on
9
11 Down Key 12 Up Key
13 Enter Key
Press (at least 2
power on/off the rad io.
10
Return Key
Press the key to return
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F M540 Serv ice Manual
2.2 LCD Display
Icon Description
Signal strength indicator. The signal gets stronger with more signal bars.
Unread Message
Full Inbox
The current channel is scanning
High Power
Low Power
Analog Channel
Digital Channel
Emergency state (except secret alarm) or an emergency alarm is received.
Private Call
Group Call
All Call
Transmitting
Receiving
The current digital channel is encrypted
Talkaround
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ķĸĹ
2.3 Rear Panel
No. Part Name No. Part Name
1 Antenna Port 2 Power Port
3 External Speaker Port
2.4 Microphone (Handheld)
No. Part Name
PTT Key
1
Press the key to transmit and r el ease to receive.
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
* Key
Enter “*”.
# Key
Switch input method.
Enter Key
Programmable key. Set as me nu navigation enter key by default.
Up key
Programmable key. Set as Up K ey by default.
Down Key
Programmable key. Set as Down Key by default.
Return Key
Programmable key. Set as Retur n Key by default.
MIC
Press ǏPTTǐ key and speak to the mic to transmit.
9
Digital Keypad (09)
10 keys in total. Press the key to ent er the number or edit the t ext messa ge or new cont act.
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F M540 Serv ice Manual
ANT SW
RF
AMP
PA
AMP
TX
AMP
PLL
VCO
IF SYSTEM
X4
multiply
TCXO
12.8MHz
51.65MHz
MCF
CODEC
AF
AMP
MIC
CF
450KHz
ANT
MIXER
3. Circuit Description
3.1 Overview
This is a FM device.
3.2 Frequency Composi tion of Circuit
Figure 3-1 Circuit Schematic
The receiver applies secondary mixing technology.The first intermediate frequency is 51.65MHz and the
second one is 450 kHz. The first local oscillator is generated by the frequency synt hesizer w hile th e sec on d
one is generated by quadruple frequency of12.8MHz. Txsignal is generated by the frequency synthesizer
and the reference frequen c y of the frequency synthesiz er is generated by TCXO.
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ANT SW
BPF
1st local
osc
BPF
MCF
IF AMP
Q20
IF DET
450K
CODEC
AF PA
D3 D37 D36
D11
MIXER
Q19
XF700
51.65MHz
U6IC7
ANT
X1
Multiply
Q11
TCXO
MCU
IC19
PC/TV
Q18
RF AMP
3.3 RX Principle
Figure 3-2 RX Schematic
•Front En d of Receiver
The signal received will passTx-Rx switch controller andalso the BPF composed of LC of two levels
toremove undesired out-of-band signals, then it will be sent to the LNA(low noise amplifier) composed of
Q18 and other peripheral component s for amplif icat ion
The output of LNA passes t he BPF composed of LC of three levels to further remov e undesired out-of-band
signals and is then sent to the first-level fre quency mixer Q19.
•The First Mixer
The signal from LNA mixes with the first local oscillator signal from the frequency synthesizer to generate
the first intermediate frequ enc y (51.65MHz) signal.
•IF Circuit
The first IF signal passes t he cry stal filter (XF700) to remove the sign als fro m t he adjac ent chan ne l or other
channels.
The first IF signal from the crystal filter is sent to the IF- processing IC(IC6, GT3136) after bei ng am plif ied
by the first IF amplifier (Q20).
IF IC includes secondary mixer, IF amplifier, limiter, frequency detector, noise amplifier and audio low pass
filter.
The 12.8MHz signal from X1 passes Q300 and the peripheral circuit for amplification and then the second
local oscillator of 51.2MHz is acquired. The second oscillator (51.2MHz) mixes frequency with the first IF
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8T
SW
D2
DRIVE AMP
Q5
FINAL AMP
IC1
ANT SW
D3,D37
LPF
APC
IC4
APC
8T
8T
8T
D9,D10
RX BPF
VGG
VSWR
signal (51.65MHz) in IC6 to gener ate the second IF signal (450kHz). The second IF signal will be amplified
and limited in IC700 and after being filtered by CF1 crystal filter (450kHz), it will be demodulated by IC700
and audio signal will be output .
•Squelch Circuit
The signal demodulated by IC6 is sent to the noise amplifier, and the amplified noise signal is sent to Q21
for further amplification and to D21 for wave detection to generate DC electric level, which is sent to the
MCU control squelch circuit. The voltage is inversely proportional to the input sign al.
3.4 TX Principle
Figure 3-3 Power Ampl ification and Antenna Schematic Diagram
The modulated RF sig nal from VCO is sent to Q600 for power ampli fication a fter bein g amplif ied by Q1, Q2,
and Q5.
IC4 is controlled by MCU APC circuit to change the grid bias voltage, easily controlling the output power of
the transmitter.
•APC (automatic power control) Circuit
D9 and D10 are standing w ave current detection. IC4 is power amplifier.
If the output power of the transmitter is too high, the power amplifier current increases and the output
voltage from D9 and D10 will go up, which causes the VGG offset voltage on IC1 decreases and thus the
output power of the transm itter decreas es. Vice versa. In this way, the output power of the transmitter stays
stable in different working environ ment.
MCU sets the power by changing the voltage input to IC4.
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15
PLL
DATA
LPF
Q12
RX VCO
PLL
DATA
Q1
BUFF AMP
12.8MHz
TCXO
X1
IC3
PLL IC
Q6
TX VCO
Q25,U2
SW
Q2
RF AMP
LPF
MCU
IC12
½ FREQ
3.5 Principle of Frequency Synthesiz er
Figure 3-4Diagram of Frequency Synthesizer
This radio applies PLL frequency synthesizer.The frequency synthesizer consists of reference oscillator,
voltage controlled osc il lator (VCO), programmable f r equency divider, phase comparator and low pass filter.
Q6, D1, D4, D5, D6 and other resistor-capacitor components compose TX VCO unit. D8 is the modulation
circuit of TX VCO.
Q12, D4, D16, D17, D18 and other resistor capacitor components compose RX VCO unit.
IC3 (MB15E03) is PLL i ntegrated circuit, which contains programmable reference divider, programmable
divider, phase comparator, charge pump and so on. R54, C113, R55, R57, C117, R51, C109 an d so on
compose loop filter.
The reference frequency is offered by X1 (TCXO, 12.8MHz).
The reference frequency from TCXO(temperature controlled crystal oscillator) is divided by the
programmable reference divider in IC3 to generate reference frequency of 5kHz or 6.25kHz(based on the
set channel frequency and cont r ol led by MCU).
The oscillation frequency f rom VCO is sent to IC3 after bei ng mu ltipli ed by s econd multip lier circ uit, and will
then be compared to reference frequency after being divided by programmable divider to get error signal.
The error signal will be filtered by the low pass filter and sent to VCO to change the oscillation frequency.
When the VCO frequency r eaches the set value, VCO is locked.
Loss of Lock Detection: when PLL loses its lock, IC3 pin1 4 outputs low electric level signal to MCU and
MCU controls the transmitter to forbid the transmitting and sound alert. When locked, IC3 pin14 outputs
high electric level.
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FM receiver
FM modulatorPA
TR
SW
Host MCU
4
FSK
Protocol
stack
Voice
coder
U6 CODECL
U6 CODECR
ANT
SCT3252
U1
IC2
SPK
MIC
3.6 Audio Processing Circuit
Figure 3-5 Frequency Synthesis Diagram
•MIC Signal Processing
The audio signal from MIC is sent to U6 for A/D audio switch and sent to U1 SCT3252 for internal adio
encoding/decoding, communication protocol processing, channel coding modulation. Afterwards, MOD2,
MOD1 are output through tw o separate pat hs fr om U6 and sent separately to TCXO and VCO for two-point
modulation. 4FSK modulation signal is output in digital status and sine wave signal is output in analog
status.
•RX Audio Signal Pr ocessing
The audio signal demodulated from IC700 is sen t t o U6 for A/D audio switch and then be processed by U1
SCT3252. After audio pro cess ing, co mmu nicatio n prot ocol proc ess ing and D SP, the signal is sent to U6 for
D/A switch and output to audio power deviceU800(TDA2822) for amplification, motivating the speaker to
sound.
Squelch Circuit: demodula ted and output byIC700; it passes filter circuit and the nois e will be remov ed from
demodulated signal and amplified by Q700; after detection by D701, it will be sent to MCU. MCU identifies
the noise volume and controls the squelch.
Speaker Impedance: 16Ω.
Notes:
• Any terminal of the speak er mu st not be attached to the ground!
• The emergency alert tone is not controlled by volume.
3.7 Power Supply
This radio applies 13.8V battery. The transmitter power amplifier circuit (IC1) and the receiver audio
processor (IC7) directly use the battery for power supply with other circuits using 5V for power supply.
Q38: 8T switch; controll ed by MCU. 8T supplies power for t he t r ansmitter front end.
Q40: 8R switch; controlled by MCU. 8R supplies power for receiver RF amplifier, mixer, IF processor, and
other units.
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IC1: 5C switch. 5V circuit is controlled by MCU. 5C supp lies power for frequency sy nt hes iz er.
IC8, IC102: 3V and 1.2V DC\DC voltage stabilizing circuit; supplies DC current for U1 (SCT3252F).
IC9: 8V three-terminal volt age st abilizing circuit.
3.8 MCU Unit
MCU unit
MCU unit controls the operation of eac h unit and realizes all the features on the device:
• Communication with PC
• Saves the status data
• Control PLL to generate RX/ TX local oscillation frequency
• Acquire s t he c ur rent channel status
• Controls LED status indication
• Controls power supply of each unit
• Chec k action from each feature key
• Generates CTCSS signal
• GneratesDCS signal
• Generates power control signal
• Completes CTCSS decoding
• Completes DCS decoding
• Squelch detection and control
• Control t he content of voice prompt
Memorizer (E2PROMˈAT24LC512BN)
It stores channel data, CTCSS/DCS data, feature configuration data and para meter adjustment data.
CTCSS/DCS Signal Encoding and Decoding
The CTCSS/DCS signal generated by MCU is sent s eparately to VCO and TCXO for modulation.
The CTCSS/DCS signal from the receiver is sent to MCU for decoding. MCU will try to identify the
CTCSS/DCS signal received which is the same as the device and the speaker will be turned on if it does.
CTCSS
CTCSS (continuous ton e contr ol squ elch s yst em) is a sque lch cont ro l syst e m modulated on the car rier wit h
the CTCSS signal being the pilot frequency
If the CTCSS feature is set, the conversat ion is enabled on ly w hen the CTCSS frequency from the receiv er
and transmitter is the same t o avoid interference from other sign al s .
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39 groups of standard CT CS S fr equency of this radio are available. See Chart 1.
CTCSS signal is generated by MCU (PWM wave form), and it is sent to VCO for modulation after being
filtered by the low pass filter composed o f RC for eliminating the frequency hi gher t han 300Hz.
Chart 3-1 CTCSS Frequency Chart
No. Frequency [Hz] No. Frequency [Hz] No. Frequency [Hz] No. Frequency [Hz]
1 67.0 11 94.8 21 131.8 31 186.2
2 69.3 12 97.4 22 136.5 32 192.8
3 71.9 13 100.0 23 141.3 33 203.5
4 74.4 14 103.5 24 146.2 34 210.7
5 77.0 15 107.2 25 151.4 35 218.1
6 79.7 16 110.9 26 156.7 36 225.7
7 82.5 17 114.8 27 162.2 37 233.6
8 85.4 18 118.8 28 167.9 38 241.8
9 88.5 19 123.0 29 173.8 39 250.3
10 91.5 20 127.3 30 179.9
DCS Signal
DCS (digital code squelch) is a continuo us numeri cal code w hich is modu lated along w ith the speec h sign al
on the carrier to control the squelch. If the DCS feature is set, the speaker is on only when the same DCS
code is received to avoid the unn ecessary signal interference.
83 kinds of standard code of this radio are available. See chart 3-2.
DCS signal is generated by MCU (PWM wave form), and it is sent to VCO and TCXO for modulation after
being filtered by the low pass filter composed of RC for eliminating the frequency higher than 300Hz. VCO
modulates the high freque ncy of DCS signal and TCX O modu lat es the low frequency of DCS signal.
CTCSS/DCS signal from t he receiver is sent t o MCU for dec od ing. MCU will try to identify the CTCSS/DCS
signal received which is the same as the device and the speaker will be tur ned on if it does.
Chart 3-2 DCS Encoding Chart
023 114 174 315 445 631
025 115 205 331 464 632
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F M540 Serv ice Manual
026 116 223 343 465 654
031 125 226 346 466 662
032 131 243 351 503 664
043 132 244 364 506 703
047 134 245 365 516 712
051 143 251 371 532 723
054 152 261 411 546 731
065 155 263 412 565 732
071 156 265 413 606 734
072 162 271 423 612 743
073 165 306 431 624 754
074 172 311 432 627
3.9 Semiconductor Description
Chart 3-3 Microprocessor (M30620) Port Descri ption
Pin No. Port Name Input/ output Function
1 VCCN D/A Output Reference frequency ad justment output
IC204 NJM2902 Receiver demodulation signal amplification and filtering.
IC1 M30620 MCU
E2PROM, stores channel frequency dat a, feature settings and
IC200 AT24C512C
modulation status para me ters.
IC7 TDA1519C Receiver audio power ampli f ication
Q12 2SC3356 RX VCO oscillator tube
Q1 2SC5108 VCO buffer amplifier
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U2 UMC4 TX VCO control switch
Q7 2SC5108 Feedback loop amplifier
Q25 DTA143TE RX VCO control switch
Q14 2SC4617 VCO power filter
Q2 2SC5108 VCO buffer amplifier
Q11 2SC5108 RX second local oscillation am plifier
Q6 2SC3356 TX VCO oscillation tube
Q5 2SC3357 Trasmitter power a mp li f ication boost
IC1 RA30H1317M Transmission level final power amplification
Q4 2SC3357 Transmitter 1st amplification
Q18 3SK318 Receiver low noise amplification
Q19 3SK318 1st level mixer
Q20 2SC5108 First IF amplifier
Q21 2SC4617 Receiver noise amplifier
Q22 FMMT717 Audio output control switch
Q23 DTC144EE Audio power amplification control switch
IC9 L7808CV 8V three-terminal regulated output
IC11 XC6204B502MR Adjustable 5C regulated output
Q40 KTA1298 Adjustable 8R regulated output
Q38 KTA1298 Adjustable 8T regulated output
IC102 XC6228D122VR 1.8Vvoltage output modulation
IC2 TA78033AF 3Mvoltage output modulation
Chart 3-5 Diode Description
Position Mark Model Feature Descript i on
D12 DA2S10100L Diode for loss of lock detect ion
D8 1SV278 TX VCO modulati on diode
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D1,D4
D5,D6
F M540 Serv ice Manual
1SV305 TX VCO oscillation varactor
D14,D15D16,D
17
D19 HSC277 RX VCO output switch diode
D2 HSC277 TX VCO output switch diode
D7 HZU5ALL APC output voltage-limiting diode
D3,D37
D36
D27,D28,D29,D
30
D25 RB706F Commutation diode
1SV305 RX VCO oscillation varactor
HVC131 Transmitter antenna switc h dio de
1SV305 RX band pass filter varactor
4. Feature Description and Parameter Settings
4.1 TOT(time-out-timer)
This feature prevents the user from long occupation of the channel. If the transmitting period exceeds the
dealer’s preprogrammed time, the radio stops transmitting and rings alert tone. To stop the alert tone,
please release the PTT button. For a second transmission, please press the PTT button after a certain
period (set by the dealer). If the dealer preprograms the pre-warning feature, a warning is given when the
transmitting period gets c l ose to its time-out-timer limit, indicating the transmission will be forbidden soon.
4.2 Channel Scan
Channel Scan is able to search for the channel where there is a signal, and the radio stays on the channel
where a signal is detected to make a conversation. The scan method is carrier control scan.
4.2.1. Carrier Control Scan
The radio scan stays on a busy channel until it is no longer busy, and the scan is enabled automatically
after a certain period (the specific period time is set by the local dealer).
Press the “Scan” shortcut key, and the radio scans the scan list of the current channel. When the radio is
scanning, you can press t he “ Scan” shortcut key to stop scanning.
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F M540 Serv ice Manual
4.2.2. Scan Revert Channel
When the radio is scanning, press the PTT button” and the radio transmits and communicates on a preset
channel. This channel can be program m ed by the local distributor.
4.3 Kill and Unkill
If the dealer enables this feature, the radio can receive and decode other radio’s signals of Kill and Unkill
before responding accordingly. After being killed, the radio can only receive the activated signal without
being able to transmit or receive other signals. The radio is back to normal after activation.
4.4 Emergency
In a state of emergency, press the “Emergency On” shortcut key for the alarm call. The alarm method is
composed of two parts: Alarm type, which mainly specifies the acoustooptic reaction in the state of alarm
call; Alarm mode, which specifies the sending content in the state of alarm call. These parameters can be
set by the dealer to meet your requirements. To disable the emergency feature, please press the
“Emergency Off” shor t cut key.
Alarm Type
• None: no alarm feature (by default), and the alarm cannot be initiated by pr essing the e mergency but ton.
• Siren Only: the radio only sounds siren locally.
• Regular: acoustooptic alert for alarm status, able to receive response fro m other members.
• Secret: no acoustooptic alert for alarm and do not receive response from members.
• Secret w ith Voice: no acoustooptic alert for alarm but receives response from other members.
Alarm Mode
• Emergency Alarm: after the alarm is initiated, the radio only transmits emer gency alarm, and
afterwards,it automatic exitsalarm status.
• Emergency Alarm + Emergency C all: the rad io trans mits emer gency a larm an d sends out emergency call
by pressing the PTT but ton.
• Emergency Alarm + Auto T rans mission of Background Tone: the radio transmits emergency alarm, and
the background tone will be sent out per iodically and automatically in the way of emergency call.
Note:
• Emergency Alarm: a non-speech s ignal is transmitt ed by the mobile radio to trigger other radios to
send out an alert.
• Emergency Call: a call mode with the priority of using channe lsso as to ensure smooth call during
emergency.
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F M540 Serv ice Manual
4.5 Feature and Parameter Settings
The radio is preset before the factory delivery, but the settings of digit al feature s, operational frequency,
channel, QT/DQT, and auto scan feature amy be reset according to different requirements.Therefore,
Kirisunspecifically designed Chinese/English FM540 programming software with friendly interface, easy
operation and clear visual disp lay to help complete parameter set tings for FM540.
The stepsof setting parameters with computer are as below:
Step 1.Install FM540 programmin g software on the computer.
Step 2. Use FM540 programming cable to connect the radio to PC serial port. See the following:
Note: please turn off the radio be fore connection.
Computer FM540 prgramming cable Mobile Radio
Step 3. Turn on t he mobile radio.
Step 4.Click to operateFM540 programming so ftware program.
Step 5.Click “Read” in the main menu of FM540 programming software to read the radio parameters into
PC.
For detailed operation,please refer to the help file in FM540 programming software and the instruction
manual.
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F M540 Serv ice Manual
&$6()5217$66(0%/<
5. Assembling and Disassembling
This radio is sophisticated communication equipment with a precise and compact mechanism. The
assembly and disassembly of the radio must be car efully performed during t he repair. The description is as
follows:
8 7MHR-1939-03A-W0 PT8000 speaker dust-proof net 1
9 4SS7-3520-016-700 Speaker 1
10 3WPT-S1938-01A Black and white twisted pair 1
11 3WF7-05034-060C4 Flexible connecting cab le 1
12 7MHR-1939-04A-W1 PT8000 front panel upper gasket 1
13 7MHR-1939-04A-W0 PT8000 front panel upper gasket 1
14 7MHL-1939-01C-L0 PT8000 alu m in um alloy top cover 1
15 3WPD-S7038-B PT8000/8100 power connecting cable 1
16 7MBP-7038-03A-W0 PT8100 power cable clip 1
17 7MHF-1939-01A-L0 PT8000 metal plate 1
18 7MHR-1943-02A-W0 PT8200speaker hole plug 1
19 7SAF-030100M-SZYB-N1 Screw M3*10 with spring washer 5
20 3CR7-S1943-B PT8200 anten na head 1
21 1MR3-RA30H4047M Power module 1
22 7MMC-1943-01A-N PT8200 power module shield ing cover 1
23 7MBM-S1943-B PT8200 conductive foam 1
24 6SS2-4090-BMA FM540 mainboard suite 1
25 7SMF-030060M-SZYB-N Screw M3*6 5
26 7MHR-1939-04A-W2 PT8000 aluminum gasket 2
27 7MHL-1939-02C-L0 PT8000 alu m in um ally bottom cover 1
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F M540 Serv ice Manual
28 7SMF-030250-SZYB-N Screw M3*25 6
29 7MBP-7038-02A-W0A PT8100 volume knob 1
30 7NRC-077107040-Z Channel knob nut 1
31 7MBP-4090-04A-W0 FM540 menu key 1
32 7MBP-4090-05A-W0 FM540 top selection key 1
33 7MBP-4090-06A-W0 FM540 bottom selection key 1
34 7MBP-4090-07A-W0 FM540 return key 1
35 7MBP-4090-08A-W0 FM540 feature key P1 1
36 7MBP-4090-09A-W0 FM540 feature key P2 1
37 7MBP-4090-10A-W0 FM540 feature keyP3 1
38 7MBP-4090-11A-W0 FM540 power key 1
39 7MBR-4090-01A-W0 FM540 silicone key 1
40 7GCM-508305-J FM540 LCD foam cushion 1
41 4PC7-4090H-A FM540 LCD module 1
42 7MHS-4090-02A-W FM540 LCD bracket 1
43 7MHS-4090-01A-J FM540 metal dome key 1
44 6SS2-4090-HKA FM540 keyboard suite 1
45 7MHS-4090-02A-W FM540 key PCB grounding spring 1
46 7STF-026060B-SZYB-Z Screw M2.6*6 4
5.2 Maintenance and Disassembling Description
5.2.1. RF-PCB Disassembling Description
Step 1. Unscrew the six M3*25 screws on the top and bottom cover,as shown in ķ,open the aluminum
bottomcover ( see the figur e below ).
Step 2. Loose thetwo power amplification module screws as shown in ĸ. Disassemble the power module
shieldi ng case, and use the soldering iron to separate the pins of the power amplification module from
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F M540 Serv ice Manual
PCB(see the figure below ).
Step 3. Loose the four M2.5*5 panel screws as shown in Ĺ. Disassemble the metal panel,plastic
buckleand speaker plug ( see the picture below).
Step 4.Unplug the flat cable and speaker cable, and use the soldering iron to separate the antenna head
from RF-PCB; loosen the screw and carefully remove RF-PCB from the top aluminum cover. (seethe
picture shown below).
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F M540 Serv ice Manual
5.2.2. Key-PCB Disassembling Description
Step 1. loose the six 6 M3*25 screws on the top and bottom cover as show n in ķ, and open the alu min u m
bottom cover (see the figu r e show n below).
Step 2. remove the flat cable a nd s peaker cable from the mainboard a s shown in ĸ.
Step 3. remove the two M2.5*5 panel screws as shown in Ĺ, and separate th e panel from the main unit.
Step 4. remove the volume knob and take off the circlipon the knob as well as the the switchnut as shown
in ĺ. Step 5. remove the four M2.6*6 KEY-PCB fixed screws as shown in Ļ and remove KEY-PCB from the
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F M540 Serv ice Manual
plastic panel.(seethe figure shown below).
After the disassembly, you can perform further repair and m odulation based on faults.
6. Test and Modulation
6.1 Test and Modulation Method
During the repair, changing components may require proper test and modulati on according to the technical
specifications of the radio.
6.1.1. Parts Required for Modulation
(1) Antenna Interface Converter
(2) Universal Interface
6.1.2. Manual Modulation
The radio needs adjustme nt on 5 frequencies. The c hannel frequencies are as follows:
1.TX frequency
On the computer mode [frequency stability], the transmitting frequency is adjusted within ±100Hz.
2.Power
a.On the computer mode [TX high p ower], adjust the TX high power as 25W±2W.
b.On the computer mode [TX m idd le power], adjust the power middle power as 10W±2W.
c.On the computer mode [TX low power],adjust the TX low pow er as 5W±1W.
3. Maximum Frequency Deviation (modulation si gnal is1kHz/120mV)
On the computer mode [maximum audio frequency deviation], adjust TX maximum frequency deviation
and adjust the deviation a s 1.8-2.5kHz.
4. DCS Balance
On the computer mode [DCS balance], adjust DCS balance to make the d emodulat ed DCS w ave flat an d
square.
5. DCS Frequency Deviation (DCS: 023N)
On the computer mode[DCS frequency deviat ion],adjustDCS as 0.3-0.5kHz.
6. CTCSS Frequency Deviation (CTCSS: 67.0Hz, 150.4Hz, 250.4Hz)
On the computer mode [CTCSS(67Hz, 150.4Hz, 250.4Hz) frequency deviation], adjust CTCSS
frequency deviation as 0.3-0.5kHzDŽ
7. DTMF Frequency Deviation
On the computer mode[DTMF frequency deviation], adjust DTMF frequency deviation as 1.5-2kHz.
8. Battery low voltage indication when transmitting
Set the voltage as 6.8V and on the computer mode [transmitting low voltage], click OK when digital is
stabilized.
RX
1. RX Pass Band
a.Program the spectrum analyzer and use a high frequency probe to test the RX pass band at the test
point.
b. On the computer mode [RX sensitivit y] ,adjust the RX pass band to the prop er cent er frequency.
2. Maximum Volume
Set the RF frequency as the center frequency, signal strength as 1mV and modulated frequency
deviation as 1.5kHz. On the computer mode, adjust the computer to make the audio power as 1.1-1.3W.
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F M540 Serv ice Manual
3. First Level Squelch Adjustment
a.Set the RF signal as -122dBm, modulated frequency deviation as 1.5kHz. On the computer
mode(open), click OK when the value is stable.
b.Set the RF signal as -124dBm, modulated frequency deviation as 1.5kHz. On the computer mode
(close), click OK when the value is stable.
4. Field Strength
a.Set the RF signal as -120dBm, modulated frequency deviation as 1.5kHz. On the computer mode(low
RSSI), click Ok when the value is stable.
b.Set the RF signal as -70dBm and modulated frequency deviation as 1.5kHz. On the computer mode
(high RSSI), click OK when the value is stable.
6.2 Radio Test
The specifications below should be tested in test mo de:
RX
1. Sensitivity: <= -120dBm(0.25uV) 12dB SINAD
2. Distortion: <=5%
3. Current: static current <=100mA
RX working current: =400mA
4.CTCSS/DCS Decoding: the radio decodes correct l y when it is<= -116dBm(0.35uV)
rd
5. Sensitivity of the 3
6. Sensitivity of the 3
squelch off: when RF input is ≤-124dBm, the squelch shoul d be t ur ned off.
rd
squelch on: the squelch should be turned on when RF input is ≥-122dBm.
TX
1. Output Power: high (25W±2W) Middle (10W±2W)Low (5W±1W)
2. TX Current: high p ow er transmission <= 8A middle power transmission <=5A low power
transmission <=3A
3. Maximum Frequency Deviation: 1.8kHz---2.5kHz
4. TX Distortion: <=5%
5.CTCSS/DCS Frequency Deviation: 0.3---0.5kHz with fine waves
6. TX Frequency D eviation: reference frequency+/-500Hz
7.DTMF Frequency Deviation: 1.52.0 kHz
8.FFSK Frequency Deviation: 1050Hz+/-50
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F M540 Serv ice Manual
7. Major Tec hnical Performance and Specifications
7.1 General Specific ations
Product Model FM540
Frequency Range UHF: 400-470MHzˈVHF: 136-174MHz
Modulation Metho d 4FSK/11KФF3E
Channel Capacity 256
Channel Spacing 12.5kHz
Intermediate Frequency 1ST IF: 51.65MHz, 2nd IF: 450kHz
Working Voltage 13.8V negative pole grounding
Working Temperature -30ć~+60ć
7.2 RX Specification
Sensitivity (12dB SINAD) ≤0.25μV
Squelch-on Sensitivity ≤0.18uV
Receiver Residual Output ≤-35dB
Modulated RX Bandwidth ±3.5kHz
Adjacent Channel Selectivity ≥50dB
Intermodulation Rejection ≥65dB
Spurious Response Rejection ≥70dB
Audio Output Power 4W, BTL @ distortion ≤10%, 16Ω
RX Consumption Curr en t ≤400mA
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F M540 Serv ice Manual
˄
7.3 TX Specification
TX Power 25W/10W/5W @13.8 DC
Frequency St a bi lity ≤ ±2.5ppm
Maximum Modulated Frequen cy
Deviation
Modulated Distortion
300~3000Hz˅
Adjacent Channel TX Power ≥60dB
Spurious Transmis sion ≥70 dB
Residual Modulation ≥40 dB
TX Consumption Current ≤8A @ 13.8 DC
±2.5kHz
≤ 3%
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F M540 Serv ice Manual
lease charge or change the
8. Service and Test Equipment
During service and modul ation, please use the device listed below:
Device Major Specification
Frequency Range: 0 - 1GHz
Standard Signal Generator
Digital Voltmeter
Oscillograph Frequency r ange: DC to 30MHz
Ammeter Maximum current: 10A
Spectrum Analyzer Measurement range: DC to 1GHz or higher
16Ω Dummy Load Around 16Ω, 10W
Adjustable Power Supply 0v - 20v; maximum current is 20A
Modulation: frequency mo dulation and external modulation
Output: from ˉ127dBm/0.1uv to ˚ˉ47dBm/1mv
Measurement Range: D C 10mv - 20v
Input Impedance: high input of impedance for the minimum circuit
load
9. Troubleshooting
Serial
No.
1 Power-on Failure
2
3
Problems Causes and Solutions
PLL loses lock
˄beeping˅
Communication
Failure
AˊThe battery may be out of power. P
battery.
BˊThe power switch failed. Change the power switch.
CˊCPU failed. Change to a new IC.
DˊThe protective tube F100 failed. Change to a new one.
A. The PLL c r ystal oscillator X300 failed. C hange to a new one.
BˊThe oscillation tube fai led. C hange to a new one.
C. The PLL chip IC300 failed. Change to a new IC.
AˊDifferent frequencies. Select a channel o f the same frequency.
BˊDifferent CTCSS/DCS from both radios. Reset CTCSS/DCS on
computer.
CˊBeyond the communication scope.
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F M540 Serv ice Manual
Failed to receive
ch level is too high so the squelch cannot be turned on.
glows when
tting but
The green
indicator glows
when receiving
o voice is
earpiece is in poor contact. Check the
AˊPoor contact of antenna. Re-fix the antenna.
BˊLow sensitivity. Adjust the “test mode”.
CˊHigh-frequency amplification t ube Q703 failed. Change t o a new t ube.
4
5
6
7
signal
The red indicator
transmi
no voice is heard
but n
heard
Abnormal
Programming
DˊThe squel
Reset the squelch level wit h PC.
EˊThe mixer tube Q702 failed. Chan ge to a new one.
FˊThe frequency modulation processor chip IC700 failed. Change to a
new IC.
AˊNo power output from the power amplif ier tube. C hange to a new one.
BˊThe microphone failed . Change to a new one.
CˊThe Operational amp lifier Q601 failed. Change to a new one.
AˊThe speaker is broken. Change to a new one.
BˊThe audio power amplifier U800 failed. Change to a new IC.
CˊThe switch tube Q801 failed. Change to a new one.
AˊWrong connection. Check the cable.
BˊPoor output from the PC ser ial port. Check and repair PC.
CˊThe interface board of the
interface and change to a new one if it is broken.
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Appendix 1 Acronyms
E2PROM
AMP amplify, amplifier
ANT antenna
APC automatic pow er control
BPF band pass filter
CTCSS continuou s t one control squelch system
DCS Digital code squelch
HPF high pass filter
IDC instantaneous dev i at ion control
IF intermediate frequency
LED Light-Emitting Diode
LNA low noise amplifier
LPF low pass filter
MCU micro control unit
MIC microphone
MOD modulation
MONI monitor
PLL phase lock loop
PTT push-to-talk
RX receiver
SPK speaker
TCXO temperature control X’ oscil lator
TX transmitter
UL un-lock
VCO voltage control oscillator
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Appendix2 Material List˄Electrics136-174MHz˅
Material No. Material Name Specification Quantity Position No
FM540-01 Radio 136-174MHZ,6.25KHZ 0
FM540Service Manul
6SS2-4092-HMB FM540-01Mainboard Suit
0SS2-4092-HMA
5FT3-CFWLB450KJ
FA-B0
5FT3-LTM450FW-A R Ceramic filter LTM450FW,450KHZ±7KHZ 1
5XT3-JTBM450C24 RCeramic filter
2RV3-22ZR-10D R Plug-In V ar istor 22ZR-10D 1
3CE3-CZ35-D 3.5mm earpiece socket
2CE3-GM250-471M
0812
FM540-01 Mainboard Plug-In
Material
Ceramic filte r CFWLB450KJFA-B0,450kHz
R
aluminium electrolytic capacito
r
136-174MHZ
mobile,6.25KHZ
136-174MHZ,6.25KHZ 1
±2kHz,murata,leadfree
frequency detectorˈ
JTBM450C24,leadfree
PJ-327,High 5mm,pin length
2.9mm;leadfree
8×12,470μF±20%,25V,GM
type
1
1
1
1
1
1IS3-L7808CV
E R voltage stabilization
L7808CV(8V),TO220 1
IC
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Page 39
1IS3-TDA1519C E R audio amplifier IC TDA1519C,SIL9 1
FM540Service Manul
3CL3-PH-20002 R FPC Connector
6SS1-4092-HMB FM540-01patch material suit
0SS1-4092-HMD
FM540-01Mainboard patch
material
Socket,PHtype,distance2mm,
2 core/WCPW20-02
136-174MHZ
mobile,6.25KHZ,
136-174MHZ
mobile,6.25KHZ,
1
1
1
FM540V-20150911.PCB:93.5
6PM7-4092-BMD FM540-01 mainboard PCB
X141mm thickness:1.6MM,4
1 FM540-01v Band Mainboard PCB
layers,FR-4,leadfree
5FE1-BLM41P600S
PT
R Chip EMI suppression filt er
EMI,FILTER,
SMT,BLM41P600SPT,1206,l
eadfree
2 L25,L26
1IS1-GT3136 E patch special IC GT3136,SSOP16 1 IC6
2LH1-R903R0-L1105
R chip Air Core Inductor
Wire Diameter:φ0.9,Inner
Diameter:φ3.0,11Circles,Leg
s Height:0.5mm,Roll Back
1 L9
5FC1-D51606GQ10705
2LH1-R903R0-L0505
R chip Crys tal Os cillat or FP520
R chip Air Core Inductor
2LW1-25UC-103J R Chip Wire -wound Inductanc e
DSF753SDF,51.65MHz±3KH
z/5dB,7.0*5.0*1.3
Wire Diameter:φ0.9,Inner
Diameter:φ3.0,5circles,Legs
Height:0.5mm,Back Roll
2520,10μH±5%,Ceramic
Core:(FLM2520-100J)
1 Z1
4 L10,L82,L19,L11
2 L40,L22
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FM540Service Manul
2LH1-R903R0-L0605
1IM1-AT24C512C
2CC1-10-X5R6R3-1
05K
2CC1-10-C0G500-1
00D
2CC1-10-Y5V160-1
05Z
2CC1-10-C0G500-1
50J
2CC1-10-C0G500-1
80J
Wire Diameter :φ0.9,Inner
R chip Air Core Inductor
Diameter:φ3.0,6Circles,Legs
2 L18,L28
Height:0.5mm,Back Roll
Chip Memory: IC Replaced
By:1IM1-AT24C512BN
AT24C512C,leadfree 1 IC200
R Chip Multilayer Capacit or 1005,1uF±10%,6.3V,X5R 6 C296,C449,C450,C56,C120,C254
R Chip Multilayer Capa citor 1005,10P±0.5P,50V,C0G 4 C7,C138,C139ˈC127
Chip Multilayer Capacitor
1005,1uF+80%/-20%,16V,Y5
V
2 C11,C386
R Chip Multilayer Capa citor 1005,15P±5%,50V,C0G 1 C280
R Chip Multilayer Capa citor 1005,18P±5%,50V,C0G 1 C168
2CC1-10-X7R500-1
82K
2CC1-10-C0G500-2
20J
2CC1-10-X7R500-2
71K
2CC1-10-X7R160-3
33K
2CC1-10-X7R500-3
R Chip Multilayer Capa citor 1005,1800P±10%,50V,X7R 1 C217
R Chip Multilayer Capacitor 1005,22P±5%,50V,C0G 2 C309,C344
R Chip Multilayer Capa citor 1005,270P±10%,50V,X7R 1 C469
R Chip Multilayer Capa citor 1005,33nF±10%,16V,X7R 4 C243,C433,C429,C430
R Chip Multilayer Capa citor 1005,3900P±10%,50V,X7R 4 C399,C400,C401,C402
Page 37 of 99
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FM540Service Manul
92K
2CC1-10-C0G500-3
R0C
2CC1-32-C0G102-1
50J
2CC1-32-C0G102-3
00J
2CC1-32-C0G102-2
20J
2CC1-32-C0G102-1
00J
2CC1-10-X7R500-1
03K
2CC1-32-C0G102-1
02J
2CC1-32-C0G102-2
R0J
R Chip Multilayer Capa citor 1005,3P±0.25P,50V,C0G 3 C413,C175,C80
R Chip Multilayer Capa citor 3216,15P±5%,1000V,C0G 1 C45
R Chip Multilayer Capa citor 3216,30P±5%,1000V,C0G 1 C46
R Chip Multilayer Capa citor 3216,22P±5%,1000V,C0G 2 C94,C152
R Chip Multilayer Capa citor 3216,10P±5%,1000V,C0G 1 C417
R Chip Multilayer Capa citor 1005,10nF±10%,50V,X7R 14