Kingston Technology KTM609, KTM616 Installation Manual

Kingston Technology
KTM609/16
Memory Expansion
for IBM PS/2 Model 50,
50z, 55sx, 60, and 65sx

KTM-609/16

Memory Expansion Board

for

IBM PS/2 Models

50, 50z, 55sx, 60, and 65sx

Installation Guide

Kingston Technology Corporation

17600 Newhope Street

Fountain Valley, CA 92708

Phone [phone]

KTM-609/16 Installation Guide - Rev. D1 Kingston Technology Corporation

ii Preface

Limited Warranty

KINGSTON TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION (hereinafter called KTC) warrants
that this product is free from defective material and workmanship and, subject to the
conditions set forth below, agrees to repair or replace any part of this product which
proves defective by reason of improper workmanship or materials for a period of five
years from the date of original retail purchase, without charge for parts and labor.

If this product does not perform as warranted herein, owners sole remedy shall be
repair or replacement as provided below. In no event will KTC be liable for damages,
lost revenue, lost wages, lost savings or any other incidental or consequential damages
arising from purchase, use, or inability to use this product, even if KTC has been
advised of the possibility of such damages.

Any defective product should be returned to your local dealer or distributor, along
with a copy of your sales slip, product serial number and a detailed description of the
problem you are experiencing.

No express or implied warranty is made for any KTC product damaged by accidents,
abuse, misuse, natural or personal disaster or unauthorized modification.

©Copyright Kingston Technology 1994. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A.
All trademarks are property of their respective companies.

Kingston Technology Corporation KTM-609/16 Installation Guide - Rev. D1

Preface iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction........................................................................................................................... 1

General Description.............................................................................................................. 2

Package Contents ................................................................................................................ 4

Packaging Materials ................................................................................................ ............. 4

Order Information ................................................................................................................. 4

Before You Begin ................................................................................................ ................. 5

Software Installation ............................................................................................................. 6

Installation Overview................................................................................................ 6

Updating Your Backup Copy of the Reference Diskette............................................6

Running the INSTALL Program................................................................................7

Hardware Installation............................................................................................................ 9

Installing the SIMM Modules .................................................................................... 9

Installing the KTM-609/16 Board ............................................................................ 12

Configuring the System....................................................................................................... 13

Installing the Kingston EMS Driver ......................................................................... 16

Changing Existing EMS Driver Parameters ............................................................ 20

Changing the System Configuration ....................................................................... 23

Adding or Removing SIMMs ...................................................................... 23

Changing the Amount of Expanded Memory.............................................. 24

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iv Preface

Appendices.........................................................................................................................26

Appendix A Extended vs. Expanded Memory.......................................................27

Some History .............................................................................................27

Extended (Linear) Memory.........................................................................27

Expanded (Paged) Memory................................................................ ........28

Appendix B Modifying CONFIG.SYS ................................................................ ...29

Installing the Driver ....................................................................................29

Testing the Kingston EMS Driver................................................................30

Command Line Options................................................................ ..............30

Appendix C Troubleshooting................................................................................ 32

Error Messages..........................................................................................32

Working With QEMM 50/60 Memory Manager............................................36

List of Figures

Figure 1: KTM-609/16 Board (Type I) ................................................................ .......2

Figure 2: KTM-609/16 Board (Type II) ................................................................ ......3

Figure 3: KTM-609/16 Board (Type III) ................................................................ .....3

Figure 4: Installing the SIMM Modules................................................................ ....11

Figure A-1: Extended and Expanded Memory Configuration ...................................26

Kingston Technology Corporation KTM-609/16 Installation Guide - Rev. D1

General Information 1

Introduction

Kingston Technology welcomes you to the growing family of IBM PS/2 users who
have chosen Kingston Memory Expansion options for their computers. As application
programs expand in size and complexity, the need for efficient and reliable memory
expansion becomes critical. Our aim is to provide you with high quality memory
expansion products that give maximum performance benefits at an affordable cost.
We have engineered our memory products to be durable, reliable, and trouble-free;
and we are confident that you will receive optimum performance from this Kingston
product for many years to come.

The information in this manual will guide you through the process of placing the
memory modules on the circuit board, installing the circuit board inside your
computer, and configuring the necessary software to recognize the new memory.
Please take a few moments to read through this manual now and familiarize yourself
with the procedures you will need to follow when you install the Kingston board and
software. This can save you a lot of anxiety later on.

We have tried to anticipate many of the problems that may arise during the
installation, and most of your questions will be answered by reading this manual.
However, if you encounter a situation that you cannot resolve, or have questions
regarding the installation or use of this product, please call Kingston Technical
Support at [phone]. Our main goal is customer satisfaction.

KTM-609/16 Installation Guide - Rev. D1 Kingston Technology Corporation

2 General Information

General Description

The Kingston Technology KTM-609/16 Memory Expansion Board is capable of
adding up to 16MB of Random Access Memory to IBM PS/2 Models 50, 50z, 55sx,
60, and 65sx personal computer systems. There are three models of the KTM609/16:
Type I has four SIMM sockets with no memory soldered directly to the board; Type II
has 4MB soldered and three sockets for expansion; and Type III has 8MB soldered
with two sockets available. Single In-line Memory Modules (SIMMs) can be plugged
into the SIMM sockets on the KTM-609/16 board, and can be combined in a wide
variety of memory configurations. The KTM-609/16 board can be installed in any 16­bit expansion slot on the PS/2 system board.

The KTM-609/16 Memory Expansion Board (shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3) support
both Extended (linear) memory and Expanded (paged) memory. It adheres to the
Lotus/Intel/Microsoft Expanded Memory Specification (LIM) version 4.0 software to
enable memory paging. EMS 4.0 is compatible with applications written for EMS 3.2
and Enhanced Expanded Memory Specification (EMMS). Use Extended memory for
today's latest software to run under Microsoft Windows® and IBM OS/2®.

Figure 1: KTM609/16 Type I - 0MB soldered, 4 SIMM Sockets

Kingston Technology Corporation KTM-609/16 Installation Guide - Rev. D1

General Information 3

Figure 2: KTM609/16 Type II - 4MB soldered, 3 SIMM Sockets

Figure 3: KTM609/16 Type III - 8MB soldered, 2 SIMM Sockets

KTM-609/16 Installation Guide - Rev. D1 Kingston Technology Corporation

4 General Information

Package Contents

In addition to this manual, you should also receive the following items:

• One KTM-609/16 Memory Expansion Board

• One or more Single In-line Memory Modules (SIMMs), if applicable.

• One Kingston Option Diskette

If any item is missing or damaged, contact the Kingston dealer or distributor from
whom you purchased this upgrade.

Packaging Materials

Kingston memory boards are shipped in an anti-static plastic bag, inside a cushioned
box, which protects them from shock and static electricity that could cause severe
damage to the memory chips. Before you remove any memory component from its
packaging, be sure you discharge any static electricity by touching a securely
grounded metal object. Also, keep magnetized tools, such as magnetic screwdrivers,
away from the board and memory modules.

Order Information

Kingston Part # IBM Part # Description

KTM-1000/M70 6450603 1MB SIMM
KTM-2000/M70 6450604 2MB SIMM
KTM-4000/M70 34F2933 4MB SIMM
KTM-609/16 6450609 16MB Memory Board

Kingston Technology Corporation KTM-609/16 Installation Guide - Rev. D1

General Information 5

Before You Begin

Read through this manual before you begin installing the KTM-609/16 board, so
you’ll know what to expect as you go along. Although this is a relatively easy
installation, you may feel more comfortable asking your local Kingston dealer or
computer service center to do it for you. There will undoubtedly be a fee associated
with doing this, but your peace of mind may be worth the cost.

Pay special attention to Appendix A, “Extended vs. Expanded Memory.” If your
computer uses DOS, you will have to decide how much of your added Kingston
memory to allocate as Extended (linear) memory, and how much to allocate as
Expanded (paged) memory. If your computer uses Windows or OS/2, all added
memory should be allocated as Extended since Windows and OS/2 can address all
added memory directly. Also, if your PS/2 has a 386SX microprocessor or higher, it is
best to allocated all added memory as Extended. If Expanded memory is required, use
a 386-level Expanded Memory Manager, such as DOS's EMM386.EXE, located in
your DOS or WINDOWS directory with the RAM switch. Consult your DOS manual
for details.

Besides the contents of the KTM-609/16 memory upgrade package described earlier,
you will also need to prepare a backup copy of your IBM PS/2 Reference Diskette.
(Follow the instructions in the IBM PS/2 Quick Reference Manual to make the back
up copy if you don’t already have one.) You will also need a flat-tip, non-magnetic
screwdriver for the installation process.

Allow plenty of time for the installation and configuration process. It should take very
little time, but if you rush yourself, errors and set-backs are more likely to occur. We
want this process to go smoothly for you, so have patience and use caution.

KTM-609/16 Installation Guide - Rev. D1 Kingston Technology Corporation

6 Software Installation

Software Installation

Installation Overview

Here is a quick look at the steps you will need to take to install the KTM-609/16
board:

• Check the contents of the KTM-609/16 package.

• Running INSTALL to copy files to your backup Reference diskette.

• Install SIMMs on the KTM-609/16 board.

• Install the KTM-609 board in your PS/2.

• Configure the board and allocate memory.

- If your operating system is Windows or OS/2, or if all new memory was
allocated as Extended, you’re finished. STOP HERE.

- If all or part of new memory was allocated as Expanded, install the Kingston
EMS driver. Now you’re finished. STOP HERE.

Updating Your Backup Copy of the Reference Diskette

It is recommended that you never use your original IBM® Reference diskette when
installing hardware. If you do not have a backup copy disk, follow the instructions
below to make a backup copy of your IBM Reference Diskette:

1. Boot from your most current Reference diskette.

2. From the Main Menu, select "Backup the Reference Diskette."

3. Follow the instructions until the process has completed.

The KTM-609/16 package includes a Kingston Option Diskette. This diskette
contains configuration files which enable your system to recognize the KTM-609/16.
There is an installation program on the Kingston diskette. Use this program to copy
the Kingston option files to your backup IBM Reference diskette.

Kingston Technology Corporation KTM-609/16 Installation Guide - Rev. D1

Software Installation 7

Running the INSTALL Program

The Kingston Option diskette includes an INSTALL program which MUST be run to
correctly install the configuration files to your backup Reference diskette. If you run
"Copy an option diskette" from the IBM Reference Menu, it will recognize the KTM­609 in its system configuration, but will not install the memory correctly.

You must run the INSTALL program from the Kingston Option
diskette to copy the Kingston files to your backup Reference diskette or
the configuration will not complete successfully.

Do NOT use "Copy an option diskette" from the Reference Menu.

Before you start, have both the Kingston Option diskette and your backup copy
Reference diskette ready. This portion of the installation requires the use of DOS. If
you are running OS/2, opening a DOS window will satisfy this requirement. If you
use an operating system that cannot emulate DOS, boot your system from a DOS
diskette.

The following steps show you how to install the option files from the Kingston
diskette to your backup copy Reference diskette.

1. Turn on or reboot your computer (from hard disk or bootable DOS
diskette) and get to the DOS prompt.

2. Remove the boot diskette from drive A, if present, and insert the
Kingston Option diskette. At the prompt, type:

A: [Enter]

3. To start the INSTALL program, type:

INSTALL [Enter]

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8 Software Installation

You will see the following display on your computer screen:

INSTALLATION Version 1.30

(C) Copyright 1990, 1992 KINGSTON TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION

F1 Install Configuration Files onto Reference Diskette
F2 Install KEMM.SYS EMS Driver onto a Working Disk.
F3 Change Existing EMS Driver Parameters
F4 Exit and Back to DOS

4. Select [F1] to copy the Kingston Option files to your backup

Reference Diskette

Now that you have updated your backup Reference diskette with the Kingston option
files, you are now ready to install the KTM-609/16 memory board into your machine.

Kingston Technology Corporation KTM-609/16 Installation Guide - Rev. D1

Installing the SIMM Modules 9

Hardware Installation

The KTM-609/16 memory board uses IBM standard 72-pin SIMMs and, in some
cases, the memory may already be installed or soldered to the board. If you do not
plan to add or remove any SIMMs, you can skip this section and go to "Installing the
KTM-609/16 Board."

Installing the SIMM Modules

The KTM-609/16 board has 3 board types for memory configurations. Type I has four
sockets labeled P1, P2, P3, and P4 with no memory soldered to the board. Type II has
4MB soldered and three available sockets to add additional SIMM modules. Type III
has 8MB soldered and two additional sockets for adding SIMM memory modules. All
three board types support up to 16MB of memory.

KTM-609/16 Board Soldererd Memory SIMM Sockets

Type I 0MB soldered 4 sockets

Type II 4MB soldered 3 sockets

Type III 8MB soldered 2 sockets

The SIMMs are available in 1MB (KTM1000/M70), 2MB (KTM2000/M70), and
4MB (KTM4000/M70) memory capacities. Be sure to observe the precautions below
when installing the SIMMs. The SIMM modules are installed in descending order
starting with the higher capacity SIMMs first. The first socket is P1, then P2, and so
on.
The following chart illustrates various SIMM combinations and their corresponding
socket locations for the KTM-609/16 Type I board which consists of four SIMM
sockets (yours may have soldered memory with less sockets).

KTM-609/16 Installation Guide - Rev. D1 Kingston Technology Corporation

10 Installing the SIMM Modules

SIMM Socket Locations

Total Memory on
Board (MB) P1 P2 P3 P4

16 4 4 4 4
15 N/A
14 4 4 4 2
13 4 4 4 1
12 4 4 4 ­11 4 4 2 1
10 4 4 2 ­9 4 4 1 ­8 4 4 - ­7 4 2 1 ­6 4 2 - ­5 4 1 - ­4 (KTM-609/16-4) 4 - - ­3 2 1 - ­2 (KTM-609/16-2) 2 - - ­1 1 - - -

NOTE: This chart does not represent all possible configurations.

Kingston Technology Corporation KTM-609/16 Installation Guide - Rev. D1

Installing the SIMM Modules 11

1. Install the highest capacity SIMM in socket P1 on your KTM-609/16 board.
Note that the SIMM plugs into the socket at an angle.

2. Carefully push the SIMM into the socket until it is firmly seated. Then push the
SIMM gently toward the memory board until the flanges shown in Figure 4
snap over either end of the module.

Figure 4 Installing the SIMM Modules

3. If you have another SIMM to install, plug the next highest capacity SIMM in
socket P2 on the KTM-609/16 board. Use the same technique you used to
install the first.

4. If you have a third SIMM to install, plug the next highest capacity SIMM in
socket P3 on the KTM-609/16 board.

5. And if you have a fourth SIMM to install, plug it into socket P4 on the KTM­609/16 board. It should be the lowest capacity SIMM of all.

Now you are ready to install the KTM-609/16 board into your PS/2 computer.
Continue with the installation.

KTM-609/16 Installation Guide - Rev. D1 Kingston Technology Corporation

12 Hardware Installation

Installing the KTM-609/16 Board

Now you’re ready to install the KTM-609/16 Memory Expansion Board inside your
PS/2 computer. Keep in mind the precautions on static electricity and magnetized
tools. Turn off power to the computer and position it in a convenient, well-lit area. If
this involves moving it very far from its normal location, you will need to unplug its
various terminal and printer cables. Be sure to label them so you can easily reinstall
them when you’re done.

STEP 1

• Turn power off from the computer.

• Disconnect any cables from the unit.

STEP 2

• Open the chassis.

• Choose any available 16-bit expansion slot.

• Remove the expansion slot bracket.

STEP 3

• Place the KTM-609/16 into the 16-bit expansion slot.

• Make sure the board is inserted into the guide channels and properly seated

into the expansion slot.

• Secure the adapter card to the expansion slot with the thumb screw.

STEP 4

• Replace the cover and reattach any cables that were disconnected.

The hardware portion of the installation procedure is now complete. You may want to
leave the cover off during the remainder of the installation process in case it becomes
necessary to move the KTM-609/16 for troubleshooting purposes. Now you're ready
for "Configuring the System".

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Configuring the System 13

Configuring the System

At this point, the KTM-609/16 is installed and needs to be configured before it can be
recognized by the system. First you need to decide how to configure the newly added
memory. For today's latest software, you will probably want to configure the memory
as Extended, but if you are running older software applications which require EMS
memory, then configure all or part of the Kingston memory as Expanded.

Here are a few guidelines:

• If your PS/2 runs software under Windows or OS/2, you should allocate all the

new Kingston memory as Extended (XMS) memory, since Windows and OS/2
can address all added memory directly, and do not require an Expanded memory
driver.

• If your PS/2 runs older software applications, such as Lotus 123 Ver. 2.x, or

WordPerft 5.x for DOS, you should allocate the new Kingston memory as
Expanded (EMS) memory. This entails using an EMS driver. Kingston provides
the KTCEMM.SYS Expanded memory manager for 286 PS/2 computers.

• If your processor has been upgraded to a 386SX or higher processor, configure the

Kingston memory as Extended and use EMM386.EXE with a RAM switch. This
driver is found in your DOS or WINDOWS directory. Refer to your DOS manual
for information on how to use this driver.

See Appendix A, “Extended vs. Expanded Memory” to help you decide the
differences between the two types of memory allocation.

You may decide to change the allocations at any time, so keep your updated backup
Reference diskette handy for future use. You’ll also want to use this diskette
whenever you need to see a display of the system configuration. Follow the steps
below to configure the additional memory in your PS/2 computer.

KTM-609/16 Installation Guide - Rev. D1 Kingston Technology Corporation

14 Configuring the System

1. Insert your backup Reference diskette (onto which you've already
copied the files from the Kingston Option diskette) into the floppy
drive.

Kingston Technology Corporation KTM-609/16 Installation Guide - Rev. D1

Configuring the System 15

2. Turn on or reboot your computer.

3. The system will boot up automatically from the backup Reference
diskette. As the computer begins to boot, you should see the size of base
memory displayed on your screen.

4. Next the number 165 appears on your screen to let you know the system
has detected a device which hasn’t been defined yet. After five or ten
seconds, the IBM logo appears. Press [Enter] as prompted.

5. After a lengthy explanation of error 165, the system will prompt you:
"Do you want to automatically configure the system? (Y/N)?" Press [N]
for No. Running automatic configuration may set some of the adapters
back to their default hardware settings. Just say NO to automatic
configuration.

6. From the main menu, select Set Configuration.

7. Then select Change Configuration.

8. On the Change Configuration screen, move the cursor to the number of the
slot in which you installed the KTM-609/16 board, and you will see:

Slot x - Kingston KTM-609/16 Memory Expansion Adapter

Expanded Memory ----------------- [Disabled]

Use the [F5] and [F6] Functions keys to specify the amount of memory you
want to allocate as Expanded (paged) memory. The remaining memory, if
any, is automatically allocated as Extended.

NOTE: You can only specify Expanded memory in increments of 1MB. If you

want all the added memory to be Extended, leave Expanded memory
set to “Disabled”.

KTM-609/16 Installation Guide - Rev. D1 Kingston Technology Corporation

16 Configuring the System

9. Press [F10] followed by an [Enter] to save the configuration.

10. Press the exit key twice ([ESC] or [F3] depending on version) to exit. To
restart the system, press [Enter].

11. Now as the system boots, you will see the total amount of base and

Extended memory displayed on the terminal screen. If the amount of
Expanded memory was set to disabled, you will see all the Kingston

memory

Note: Because Expanded (paged) memory requires an EMS driver to manage

the paging, the amount of memory you allocated as Expanded will not
appear until you load the Kingston EMS driver program in the next
section.

If your PS/2 uses the OS/2 operating system, or if you allocated all the new memory as
Extended in this section, YOU ARE FINISHED. You can use your PS/2 as usual,
with the added power and memory of the Kingston Memory Expansion.

If you allocated some or all of the new memory as Expanded, turn to the next section,
"Installing the Kingston EMS Driver", to configure your system to use Expanded
memory.

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Installing the Kingston EMS Driver 17

Installing the Kingston EMS Driver

You only need to perform the instructions in this section if you allocated some or all of
the new memory as Expanded.

The Kingston EMS driver you are about to install is the program that manages the
paging of 16KB segments of memory into and out of the 64KB page frame located in
reserved high memory.

1. Make sure your PS/2 is booted from your standard DOS diskette in drive A, or
from the hard disk, drive C. Remove the boot diskette from drive A, if
necessary, and insert the Kingston Option Diskette into drive A. At the DOS
prompt, type:

A:

and press [Enter].

2. To start the INSTALL program, type:

INSTALL

Now when you press [Enter], the following screen appears:

INSTALLATION Version 1.0

(C) Copyright 1990, Kingston Technology Corporation

F1 Install Configuration Files onto Reference Disk
F2 Install KEMM.SYS EMS Driver onto a Working Disk.
F3 Change Existing EMS Driver Parameters.
F4 Exit and Back to DOS

KTM-609/16 Installation Guide - Rev. D1 Kingston Technology Corporation

18 Installing the Kingston EMS Driver

3. Press [F2] (Function Key F2) to copy the EMS driver from the Kingston
Option Diskette onto the boot disk.

4. When the next screen appears, press [F1] if your computer boots from a floppy
diskette in drive A, or press [F2] if your computer boots from the internal hard
disk, drive C. Then press [Enter] to continue.

INSTALLATION Version 1.0

(C) Copyright 1990, Kingston Technology Corporation

Install EMS Driver onto a New Drive and Configure

F1 Drive A: if system is booted up from floppy diskette
F2 Drive C: if system is booted up from hard disk

5. Next, the INSTALL program asks for the pathname of the subdirectory where
you want to store the EMS driver. For example, to store the EMS driver under
ABC on your hard disk, type:

C:\ABC [Enter]

Press any key to continue.

INSTALLATION Version 1.0

(C) Copyright 1990, Kingston Technology Corporation

Install EMS Driver onto a New Drive and Configure

F1 Drive A: if system is booted up from floppy diskette
F2 Drive C: if system is booted up from hard disk

Path [C:\ABC ]

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Installing the Kingston EMS Driver 19

6. If your computer boots from a floppy diskette, remove the Kingston Option
Diskette from drive A, and insert your standard DOS boot diskette. Press any
key to continue.

INSTALLATION Version 1.0

(C) Copyright 1990, Kingston Technology Corporation

Install EMS Driver onto a New Drive and Configure

Insert Kingston Option Diskette into Drive A:
Press Any Key to Continue

The INSTALL program now copies the EMS driver from the computer’s
memory onto the disk you specified as your boot device.

7. The next screen asks you to select the memory segment of Reserved High
Memory where you want to place the paging area. We recommend that you
choose the default selection, D000, by pressing [F4].

Note: The memory segment map requires 64KB of contiguous memory

starting at location D000 (DEFAULT). This means that segments
D000-DFFF cannot be occupied by any other adapters. Therefore, if
any other adapters occupy any portion of this space, they must be
relocated via the IBM Setup Program.

The KTM-609/16 memory segment map can also be relocated as
described below.

KTM-609/16 Installation Guide - Rev. D1 Kingston Technology Corporation

20 Installing the Kingston EMS Driver

INSTALLATION Version 1.0

(C) Copyright 1990, Kingston Technology Corporation

Install EMS Driver onto a New Drive and Configure

F1 A000 Only if MONOCHROME CARD is installed in your system
F2 B000 Reserved
F3 C000 Reserved
F4 D000 Default Selection

8. Two additional choices now appear on your screen.

INSTALLATION Version 1.0

(C) Copyright 1990, Kingston Technology Corporation

Install EMS Driver onto a New Drive and Configure

F1 A000 Only if MONOCHROME CARD is installed in your system
F2 B000 Reserved
F3 C000 Reserved
F4 D000 Default Selection

F1 YES if you would like to update the config.sys file
F2 NO if you do not want to update the config.sys file

• If you want to proceed, press [F1] to update the CONFIG.SYS file.

• If you think you missed a step and need to do this procedure over again,
press [F2] to bypass updating the CONFIG.SYS file.

Kingston Technology Corporation KTM-609/16 Installation Guide - Rev. D1

Installing the Kingston EMS Driver 21

9. Press any key to return to the Installation Menu screen, then press [F4] to
return to the DOS prompt.

10. Now reboot the computer as usual. As the computer reboots, you will see
displayed on the screen the total amount of memory minus any that you
allocated as Expanded memory. When the EMS driver initializes, it will
display the amount of Expanded memory.

Now that the Kingston EMS driver is properly installed, you are ready to begin using
your PS/2 computer system to run programs and applications with the additional
memory capacity of the Kingston KTM-609/16 Memory Expansion Board.

Changing Existing EMS Driver Parameters

Any time you want to change the location of the paging area in reserved high memory,
you can rerun the INSTALL program.

1. Make sure your PS/2 is booted from your standard DOS diskette in drive A, or
from the hard disk, drive C. Remove the boot diskette from drive A, if
necessary, and insert the Kingston Option Diskette into drive A, and at the
DOS prompt, type:

A:

and press [Enter].

2. To start the INSTALL program, type:

INSTALL

Now when you press [Enter], the following screen appears:

KTM-609/16 Installation Guide - Rev. D1 Kingston Technology Corporation

22 Installing the Kingston EMS Driver

INSTALLATION Version 1.0

(C) Copyright 1990, Kingston Technology Corporation

F1 Install Configuration Files onto Reference Disk
F2 Install KEMM.SYS EMS Driver onto a Working Disk.
F3 Change Existing EMS Driver Parameters.
F4 Exit and Back to DOS

3. Press [F3] (Function Key F3) to change the existing EMS driver parameters.

4. The next screen asks you to select the memory segment of Reserved High
Memory where you want to place the paging area. Press the function key that
corresponds to the starting address where you want the paging area to be
located.

INSTALLATION Version 1.0

(C) Copyright 1990, Kingston Technology Corporation

Install EMS Driver onto a New Drive and Configure

F1 A000 Only if MONOCHROME CARD is installed in your system
F2 B000 Reserved
F3 C000 Reserved
F4 D000 Default Selection

5. Two additional choices now appear on your screen. Refer to the next page.

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Installing the Kingston EMS Driver 23

INSTALLATION Version 1.0

(C) Copyright 1990, Kingston Technology Corporation

Install EMS Driver onto a New Drive and Configure

F1 A000 Only if MONOCHROME CARD is installed in your system
F2 B000 Reserved
F3 C000 Reserved
F4 D000 Default Selection

F1 YES if you would like to update the config.sys file
F2 NO if you do not want to update the config.sys file

• If you want to proceed, press [F1] to update the CONFIG.SYS file.

• If you think you missed a step and need to do this procedure over again,
press [F2] to bypass updating the CONFIG.SYS file.

6. Press any key to return to the Installation Menu screen, then press [F4] to
return to the DOS prompt.

7. Now reboot the computer as usual. If the paging area has been successfully
relocated, there will be no visible indication. Your system should operate as
usual.

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24 Changing the System Configuration

Changing the System Configuration

Normally, you should never have to change memory allocation on your PS/2, but if a
situation does arise (such as the addition or removal of hardware devices or software
applications), you may wish to redistribute the amount of memory you have allocated
as either Extended (linear) or Expanded (paged).

Remember, if your PS/2 runs under Windows or OS/2, all system memory should be
allocated as Extended memory, since Windows and OS/2 can address all added
memory directly.

If your PS/2 runs under DOS, you can allocate the new Kingston memory as either
Extended or Expanded or any combination of the two. You may want to review
"Appendix A Extended vs. Expanded Memory,” which discusses the differences
between the two types of memory allocation.

Adding or Removing SIMMs

1. Insert your backup copy Reference diskette (onto which you have already
copied the Kingston option files) in drive A.

2. Reboot the computer. The number 164 appears on your screen during boot-up.
(The number 164 indicates a memory size mismatch in the system.) After 5 to
10 seconds, the IBM logo appears.

3. Press [Enter] to see the next screen.

4. Press [N] for No to automatically configure the system.

5. When the Set Configuration menu appears, select Change Configuration, and
press [Enter].

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Changing the System Configuration 25

6. On the Change Configuration screen, move the cursor to the number of the slot
where the KTM-609/16 board is located, and use the [F5] and [F6] functions
keys to specify the amount of memory you want to allocate as Expanded
(paged) memory. The remaining memory, if any, is automatically allocated as
Extended.

7. Press [F10] followed by an [Enter] to save the configuration.

8. Press the exit key ([ESC] or [F3] depending on version) to exit from the Set
Configuration Screen.

9. Press the exit key again to return to your system prompt.

10. Remove the backup Reference diskette from drive A.

11. You are now ready to reboot with the newly configured memory.

12. As the system boots, you will see the total amount of memory minus the
amount allocated as Expanded displayed on the screen. When the EMS driver
initializes, it will display the amount of memory allocated as Expanded
memory.

Changing the Amount of Expanded Memory

1. Insert the backup Reference diskette into drive A.

2. Reboot the computer.

NOTE: No error occurs during boot-up, and therefore, auto-configure is not

asked for.

3. When the Set Configuration menu appears, select Change Configuration, and
press [Enter].

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26 Changing the System Configuration

4. On the Change Configuration screen, move the cursor to the number of the slot
where the KTM-609/16 board is located, and use the [F5] and [F6] functions
keys to specify the amount of memory you want to allocate as Expanded
(paged) memory. The remaining memory, if any, is automatically allocated as
Extended.

5. Press [F10] followed by an [Enter] to save the configuration information in
CMOS memory.

6. Press the exit key ([ESC] or [F3] depending on version) to exit from the Set
Configuration screen.

7. Press the exit key again to return to your system prompt.

8. Remove the backup Reference diskette from drive A.

9. You are ready to reboot with the newly configured memory.

10. Now as the system boots, you will see the total amount of memory minus the
amount allocated as Expanded displayed on the screen. When the EMS driver
initializes, it will display the amount of memory allocated as Expanded
memory.

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Appendices

27

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28 Appendix A Extended vs. Expanded Memory

Appendix A Extended vs. Expanded Memory

There are two ways you can define the newly added memory in your PS/2 computer
system. You can define it as Extended memory or Expanded memory, or as a
combination of the two. To understand the difference between the two ways you can
configure memory, we need to take a step back in time.

Some History

When the PC was first designed, everyone thought that 640KB would be more
memory than anyone could possibly use for their programs and data. The IBM PC
originally contained an 8088 microprocessor which could address 1MB of memory,
and the DOS operating system was designed to recognize only that much memory. Of
the 1MB available, 640KB was devoted to running application programs. This
portion of memory is also referred to as conventional or base memory.

The remaining 384KB of addressable memory, between 640KB and 1MB, is referred
to as reserved high memory. This area of memory was devoted to video RAM,
ROM BIOS (the Read Only Memory Basic Input/Output System), and other system
and peripheral functions.

The next stage in the evolution of the PC was the PC AT which contains an 80286
microprocessor capable of addressing 16MB of memory. Current IBM PS/2 Model 50
and Model 60 computers also use this processor. However, DOS retained its 1MB
addressing limitations so it would still be compatible with the older systems.

Extended (Linear) Memory

The original 640K of memory was still available for use by DOS-compatible
application programs, while the memory above 1MB (the Extended memory) could be
used by the processor for print spoolers and RAM disks.

Because the memory addresses continue sequentially from beginning to end, this
memory is known as linear memory. Both conventional and Extended memory are
classified as linear memory.

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Appendix A Extended vs. Expanded Memory 29

Expanded (Paged) Memory

The development of the Expanded Memory System (EMS) was a software solution to
the memory limitations of DOS. EMS uses a 64KB area of reserved high memory (the
area between 640KB and 1MB that DOS is able to get to), and copies four 16KB
“pages” of data back and forth as needed from the higher areas of memory that DOS
cannot get to. The EMS acts as a messenger to locate and retrieve the segments of
memory DOS requests and place them within its reach.

EMS software allows you to allocate up to 32MB of memory as Expanded memory
since it is not restricted by the 1MB limit of DOS or the 16MB limit of the processor.

Insert previous illustration here

Figure A-1 Extended and Expanded Memory Configuration

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30 Appendix B Modifying CONFIG.SYS

Appendix B Modifying CONFIG.SYS

Caution: In very rare and special situations, the configuration of your PS/2 computer
system may require that you modify the CONFIG.SYS file directly. Please do not
attempt to update this file unless you are familiar with using a text editor such as
DOS's EDIT (newer version) or EDLIN (older version).

Installing the Driver

Before attempting to install the device driver, make sure that the computer has
expansion memory installed, and that the additional memory is allocated as Expanded
memory. In addition, verify the following:

• Total amount of system memory (check when booting the system).

• That the system is not currently using any other EMS drivers. (You must
remove these device drivers before attempting to install the Kingston EMM
driver.)

• That a standard installation and setup procedure has been carried out before
installing the Kingston EMS driver (See "Installing the Kingston EMS Driver).

• The Kingston EMS driver must be loaded as part of the boot sequence when
the computer is turned on or restarted. Installation of the device driver is
accomplished by placing a command in the computer’s CONFIG.SYS file,
which is the file the computer’s operating system reads when the system is
turned on or restarted. The CONFIG.SYS file must be in the root directory of
the diskette or hard disk drive from which the computer boots.

Use your favorite text editor to modify CONFIG.SYS. The CONFIG.SYS file should
contain the following command line:

DEVICE=d:[path]\KTCEMM.SYS[options]

where d: and [path] represent the drive and path where the driver is located, and
[options] represents those parameters described in the "Command Line Options"

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Appendix B Modifying CONFIG.SYS 31

section later in this appendix. If you leave the options out of the command line,
default values are used.

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32 Appendix B Modifying CONFIG.SYS

Testing the Kingston EMS Driver

Restart the computer to activate the Kingston EMS driver. When the driver is active,
the following message appears:

Kingston Expanded Memory Manager Version 1.x

Kingston EMS Add-in Board Installed
1 Alternate Register Set(s) Found
256 EMS Pages Found (4096KB)
Total Memory Available for EMM Use = 4096KB

If an error message appears, refer to Appendix C, "Troubleshooting."

Command Line Options

Optional command line parameters are provided for customizing the Kingston EMS
driver for different environments. Options must be separated by one or more spaces.
Spaces are optional before and after the ‘-’ and ‘=‘ symbols. The options are as
follows:

HANDLES = hhh

Specifies the number of handles and names available. Handles are the values the
memory manager assigns to identify a block of memory requested by an application
program. Each application that uses Extended or Expanded memory requires at least
one handle. Some need more than one, and they let you know if they run out of
handles. The parameter hhh must be in the range 16 to 255. Note than each
handle/name increases the amount of memory required and decreases the amount
available to the application program. The default (64) should be adequate for most
purposes.

EXCLUDE = xxxx [-cccc]

Specifies an area of memory that should not be under the control of the driver. The
parameters xxxx and cccc specify the range of memory to be excluded. The xxxx
parameter should be a multiple of 16KB (that is, end in 00). For example if a network
card had memory at address CC00, then EXCLUDE = CC00-CFFF should be used.
Note that the driver checks for the presence of ROM/RAM in the range A000-FFFF,

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Appendix B Modifying CONFIG.SYS 33

so there is not usually any need to use EXCLUDE. The area F000-FFFF is always
occupied by system ROM.

INCLUDE = xxxx [-cccc]

Specifies the memory to be included under the control of the driver. Parameters are
similar to the EXCLUDE option above. For example, if an EGA video adapter is
installed in the computer, the monochrome graphics section of memory might not be
used. So INCLUDE B000-B7FF would allow the driver to make use of this area of
memory.

Note: If you are editing the command line yourself, the EXCLUDE and INCLUDE

options may be used several times to exclude or include several areas of
memory, though at least 64KB of memory above 640KB (A000) should
remain. The facility is not available using the setup program. If you specify
the same area of memory in an EXCLUDE and an INCLUDE statement, the
command line order determines which statement will take effect.

FRAME = aaaa

Specifies the page frame starting address (i.e., a contiguous 64KB segment through
which the Expanded memory is mapped). The parameter aaaa must be one of the
following values: C000, C400, C800, CC00, D000, D400, D800, DC00, or E000.
Specifying FRAME overrides the automatic choice of page frame. If you need to
specify a frame address, try D000, which uses the range D000-DFFF. The D range is
usually available.

IOADDR = aaaa

Overrides the default base I/O address at which the EMS hardware should be
configured. The parameter aaaa must be one of the following values: 0208, 0218,
0258, 0268, 02A8, 02B8, or 02E8. The default is 0208 (hex). You should not change
this unless you are sure that you have a conflict with another card.

SCAVENGE = xxxx [-cccc]

Specifies an area of system shadow RAM in the range A000-FFFF to be used for EMS
memory. Normally, the shadow RAM is used to overlay system ROM regions, for the
purpose of speeding up code execution from those areas. Not all of the shadow RAM
is used, however. The areas that are not used may be scavenged for use as EMS

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34 Appendix B Modifying CONFIG.SYS

memory with the SCAVENGE option. In most cases, SCAVENGE = A000-FFFF is
sufficient; however, some systems may experience problems. In cases where
problems are encountered, specific areas such as video adapters may have to be
avoided (SCAVENGE = C800-FFFF).

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Appendix C Troubleshooting 35

Appendix C Troubleshooting

Once installed, Kingston Memory Expansion Boards are virtually trouble-free. You
never need to give them a second thought. However, during the installation and
configuration process, you may encounter situations that will test your diagnostic skills
as well as your patience.

Error Messages

This section contains explanations of messages that may appear as a result of changes
you made while using the INSTALL program, or as the result of changes you made
directly to your CONFIG.SYS file. As a general rule, you should reboot the computer
with the backup Reference diskette, fix the problem, and then reboot the computer
from its standard diskette or hard drive.

In the event you see one of the hardware-related messages, you need to review the
procedure you used to install the memory modules on the circuit board and the
procedure you used to install the circuit board into the computer chassis.

An equal sign (=) was expected.

This message indicates you left out a required equal sign from one of the command
options in the CONFIG.SYS file. Review the changes you made to CONFIG.SYS and
correct the error.

Cannot detect mapping hardware.

This message indicates a possible hardware problem or conflict with another adapter.
Review the steps you took to install the SIMMs on the KTM-609/16 board, and the
steps you took to install the memory board in the computer. Make sure the SIMMs are
installed in the correct sequence on the memory board, and that all the SIMMs on the
memory board are seated firmly in their sockets. If the error persists, try changing the
I/O Address of the offending adapter. The KTM-609/16 uses an I/O address of 0208h.
Other adapters like the IRMAboard® use an address range of 0200h-0220h. Change
the IRMAboard I/O address to avoid conflicts.

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36 Appendix C Troubleshooting

The command line is incomplete.

You modified the CONFIG.SYS file, but something is missing from one of the
command options. Check each option you added or changed, and make sure each has
the appropriate argument.

Decimal number overflow error.

Only the HANDLES option accepts a decimal argument; the other options require
hexadecimal arguments. Check the CONFIG.SYS file to make sure you have
specified arguments for each option in the appropriate notation.

FATAL ERROR - Memory manager not installed.

You have specified all or part of the new memory to be used as Expanded (paged)
memory, but you have not installed the Kingston EMS driver either with the
INSTALL program or by modifying the CONFIG.SYS file directly. Reboot your
computer using the backup Reference diskette, and use either the INSTALL program,
or modify the CONFIG.SYS file (see Appendix B). When the appropriate driver for
your Expanded memory is in place, you can reboot from your standard DOS diskette
or hard drive.

Faulty or missing memory detected.

This message indicates a possible hardware problem. Review the steps you took to
install the SIMMs on the Kingston Memory Expansion Board, and the steps you took
to install the memory board in the computer. Make sure the SIMMs are installed in
the correct sequence on the memory board, and that all the SIMMs and memory
boards are seated firmly in their sockets. Reboot from your standard DOS diskette or
hard drive.

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Appendix C Troubleshooting 37

Hardware does not support EMS version 4.

This message indicates a possible hardware problem. Review the steps you took to
install the SIMMs on the Kingston Memory Expansion Board (see "Installing the

SIMMs"), and the steps you took to install the memory board in the computer (see
"Installing the
KTM-609/16"). Make sure the SIMMs are installed in the correct sequence on the

memory board, and that all the SIMMs and memory boards are seated firmly in their
sockets. Reboot from your standard DOS diskette or hard drive.

Interrupt 67 vector already allocated.

You modified the CONFIG.SYS file to include the Kingston EMS driver. Now, the
Kingston EMS driver is trying to use an interrupt vector already being used by some
other driver. Check the CONFIG.SYS file to make sure no other EMS drivers are
being used. If you find another driver in CONFIG.SYS, remove it, and reboot from
your standard DOS diskette or hard drive.

Invalid hex number or number not divisible by 16.

The EXCLUDE, INCLUDE, and FRAME options in CONFIG.SYS require
hexadecimal arguments. Reboot your computer with the backup Reference diskette,
and check CONFIG.SYS to make sure these options, if present, have hexadecimal
arguments. The allowable values are described in Appendix B, “Modifying
CONFIG.SYS.” You may also see this message if the end address is less than the start
address in an EXCLUDE or INCLUDE option.

Invalid page frame address.

The page frame address in the FRAME option in the CONFIG.SYS file must be one of
the following values:

C000, C400, C800, CC00, D000, D400, D800, DC00, or E000

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38 Appendix C Troubleshooting

Check your CONFIG.SYS file and make sure it contains a valid FRAME address.
(We recommend that you do not use the FRAME option. Delete the FRAME option,
and let the Kingston EMS driver automatically set the page frame address for you.)

I/O address specified is not one of the permitted values.

The I/O address in the IOADDR option of your CONFIG.SYS file must be one of the
following values:

0208, 0218, 0258, 0268, 02A8, 02B8, or 02E8

If you omit the IOADDR option, the Kingston EMS driver uses the default address
value of 0208. You only need to specify this option if you are sure there is an address
conflict with another circuit board.

No working memory can be found. EMM aborted.
Initialization Error. Memory Manager NOT Installed.

This message indicates that no Expanded memory is available. The likely cause is that
none has been allocated or the EMS driver did not load correctly. Also, the EMS
driver (KTCEMM.SYS) needs 64K of contiguous space in upper memory to load
correctly. Trying specifying a frame address of D000 to load the driver. Your driver
statement in CONFIG.SYS should look like this:

DEVICE=C:\KTCEMM.SYS FRAME=D000

Number of handles is invalid or out of range.

The number of handles specified in your CONFIG.SYS file must be a decimal number
in the range 16 to 255. (If you did not specify the HANDLES option, the default value
is 64.) Reboot your computer with the backup Reference diskette, and check the
CONFIG.SYS to make sure you specified a valid number of handles.

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Appendix C Troubleshooting 39

Unrecognized option/command in invocation line.

There is a typographical error in one of the options you added or changed in the
CONFIG.SYS file. Check the option formats in Appendix B, “Modifying
CONFIG.SYS” to make sure your CONFIG.SYS file is correct.

WARNING: Problems encountered in setting default page frame

address.

This message indicates a possible hardware problem. Review the steps you took to
install the SIMMs on the Kingston Memory Expansion Board (See "Installing the
SIMM Modules"), and the steps you took to install the memory board in the computer
(See "Installing the KTM-609/16 Board"). Make sure the SIMMs are installed in the
correct sequence on the memory board, and that all the SIMMs and memory boards
are seated firmly in their sockets. Reboot from your standard DOS diskette or hard
drive.

Working With QEMM 50/60 Memory Manager

In order to use the Quarterdeck QEMM 50/60 Expanded Memory Manager, you must
have QEMM version 6.0 with KTM-609/16 Plus revision C or later.

Note: When using QEMM 50/60, you must configure the KTM-609/16

memory as Extended memory. Refer to "Configuring the System"
section of this manual for details.

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40 Appendix C Troubleshooting

Revision History

Revision Level Comment

D1 Added Type II and Type III board layouts as follows:

Type I - 0MB soldered 4 SIMM sockets
Type II - 4MB soldered 3 SIMM sockets
Type III - 8MB soldered 2 SIMM sockets

Re-wrote INSTALL procedure, Extended v.
Expanded Memory, Troubleshooting Error
Messages.

Kingston Technology Corporation KTM-609/16 Installation Guide - Rev. D1