KINETICS FastPath 4 Installation Manual

FastPath

4

Gateway

KINETICS

FastPathw

4

Gate

way

Installation

Guide

Publication

No.

4200094-00

Revision

A

FastPath

4

Gateway

This

manual

and any

software associated

with

this

product

are

copyrighted

with

all

rights

reserved.

Under

the

copyright

laws,

this

manualorthe

software may

notbecopied,

in

wholeorin

part,

without

the written

consent

of

Kinetics,

Inc.,

except

in

the

normal

useofthe

softwaretomake

a

backup

copy. The

same

proprietary

and

copyright

notices

mustbeaffixedtoany

permitted

copiesaswere

affixedtothe

original.

This

exception

does

not

allow

copiestobe

made

for

others,

whether

or

not

sold,

but

allofthe

material

purchased

(with

backup

copies)

may

be sold,

given,orloanedtoanother

person.

Under

the

law,

copying

includes translating

into

another

language or

format.

Copyright

©

1988

Kinetics,

Inc.

2540

Camino

Diablo

Walnut

Creek,

CA

94596

(415)

947-0998

EtherPort,

EtherSC,

FastPath,

FastPath Manager,

K-Spool,

Kinetics,

and

K-Talk

are

trademarks

of

Kinetics,

Inc.,

which

is

a

division

of

Excelan,

Inc.

Apple,

AppleTalk,

ImageWriter,

LaserWriter,

and

Macintosh

are

registered

trademarks

of

Apple

Computer,

Inc.

AppleShare,

Apple

IIGS,

and

LocalTalk

are

trademarks

of

Apple

Computer,

Inc.

Ethernet

is

a

trademarkofXerox

Corporation.

UNIX

isatrademark

of

AT&T.

C

L

H

.1

:111.

1

11

Federal

Communications

Commission

Warning

The

FastPath

4

gateway

generates,

uses,

and

can

radiate

radio-frequency

energy

and,

if

not

installed

and

used

in

accordance

with

the

instruction

manual,

may

cause

interference

to

radio

communications.

It

has

been

tested

and

found

to

comply

with

the

limits

for

a

aass

A

computing

device,

pursuant

to

SubpartJof

Part

15

of

the

Federal

Communications

Commission

(FCC)

Rules,

which

are

designed

to

provide

reasonable

protection

against

such

interference

when

operated

in

a

commercial

environment.

Operation

of

this

equipment

in

a

residential

area

is

likely

to

cause

interference,

in

which

case

the

user,

at

his

own

expense,

will

be

required

to

take

whatever

measures

may

be

required

to

correct

the

interference.

The

FCC

rules

are

designed

to

provide

reasonable

protection

against

such

interference

in

a

commercial

installation.

However,

there

is

no

guarantee

that

interference

will

not

occur

in

a

particular

installation.

If

this

equipment

does

cause

interference

to

radio

or

television

reception,

which

can

be

determined

by

turning

the

equipment

off

and

on,

try

to

correct

the

interference

by one

or

more

of

the

following

measures:

•

Reorient

the

receiving

antenna.

•

Relocate

the

equipment

with

respect

to

the

receiver.

•

Move

the

equipment

away

from

the

receiver.

•

Plug

the

equipment

into

a

different

outlet,

so

the

equipment

and

the receiver

are

on

different

branch

circuits.

If

necessary,

consult

Kinetics

or

an

experienced

radio-television

technician

for

additional

suggestions.

You

might

find

the

following

FCC

booklet

helpful:

How

to

Identify

and

Resolve

Radio-TV

Interference

Problems,

U.S.

Government

Printing

Office,

Washington,

DC

20402,

Stock

No.

004-000-0034504.

•

III

FastPath

4

Gateway

Manual

Revision

History

Manual

Revision

Date

Summary

of

Changes

A

July

21,

1988

Initial

release,

FastPath4GatewayInstallation

Guide,

Publication

No.

4200094-00.

C

Iv.

FastPa

th

4

Gateway

Preface

The Kinetics

FastPath

gateway

connectsaPhoneNET,

LocalTalk,

or

equivalent

AppleTalk

local-area

network

(LAN)

with

an

IEEE

802.3,

Ethernet,

or

thin-Ethernet

LAN.

The

gateway

needs

an

external

transceiver

to

complete

the

network

connection

to

a

standard

Ethernet

LAN; it

does

not

need

an

external

transceiver

for

connecting

to

a

thin-Ethernet

LAN.

When

properly

connected,

the

gateway

allows

devices

on

one

kind

of

network

to

communicate

with

devices

on the

other

kind

of

network.

This

manual

is

intended

for

users

who

want

to

use

one

or

more

FastPath

gateways

to

combine

two

or

more

LANs

into

an

internet.
The

following

publications

contain

detailed

information

about

AppleTalk

network

equipment,

standards,

and

uses:

1.

LocalTalk

Cable

System

Owner’s

Guide,

Apple

Computer.

Supplied with

LocalTalk

connector

kits,

this

is

the

place

to

start

for

information

on

installing

LocalTalk

network

hardware.

It

replaces

the

AppleTalk

Personal

Network

Guide.

2.

PhoneNET

User’s

Guide,

Farallon

Computing.

Supplied

with

PhoneNET

connector

kits,

this

is

the

place

to

start

for

information

on

installing

PhoneNET

network

hardware.

3.

Inside

Macintosh,

Addison-Wesley

Publishing

Company,

Inc.

All

five

volumes

are

available

in

bookstores,

from

Apple

Computer, and

from

the

publisher.

The

AppleTalk

Manager

chapter

provides

detailed

information

about

programming

the

Macintosh

to

work

in

AppleTalk

networks.

It

also

provides

background

information

about

the

AppleTalk

architecture.

4.

Inside

AppleTalk,

Apple

Computer.

This

provides

the

complete

AppleTalk

network

specification.

The

following

publications contain

detailed information about

Ethernet

and

IEEE 802.3

network

standards and

uses:

5.

The

Ethernet:

A

Local

Area

Network:

Data

Link

Layer

and

Physical

Layer Specifications,

DEC,

Intel,

and

Xerox

Corporations,

Version

2.0,

November

1982.

6.

Carrier

Sense

Multiple

Access

with

Collision

Detection

(CSMA/CD)

Access

Method

and

Physical

Layer

Specifications

(ANSI/IEEE

Standard

802.3-1985),

(ISO/DIS

8802/3),

IEEE,

1985,

available from

IEEE,

345

East

47th

Street,

New

York,

NY

10017.

This

provides

the

Ethernet

standard.

7.

Networks

and

Communications

Buyer’s

Guide,

available

from

Digital

Equipment

Corporation.

This

provides

information

on

installing

cable

and

cable

connections

for

DEC

networks.

The

following

RFCs

(Requests

for

Comment)

define

standard

network

practices.

Eachofthemisavailable

from

the

Defense

Technical

Information

Center,

Cameron

Station,

Alexandria,

VA

22314;orfrom

the

DDN

Network

Information

Center

(MC),

SRI

International,

333

Ravenswood

Avenue,

Room

EJ291,

Menlo

Park,

CA

94025.

8.

Mogul,

J.,

andJ.Postel,

Internet

Standard

Subnetting

Procedure,

RFC

950,

August

1985.

This

RFC

describes

a

method

for

implementing subnets

and

is

the

basis

for

the

4.3BSD

subnetting

scheme

of

the

University

of

California

at

Berkeley.

9.

Reynolds,

J.,

andJ.Postel,

Internet

Numbers,

RFC

997,

March

1987.

This

RFC,orits

successor,isthe

official

status

report

onI?network

numbers.

10.

Braden,

R.,

andJ.Postel,

Requirements

forlnternet

Gateways,

RFC

1009,

June

1987.

This

lengthy

RFC

defines

the

formal

requirements

for

gateways

used

on

IF

networks.

vi

The

following

document

describes

the

ISO

Open

Systems

Interconnection

Reference

Model:

11.

Reference

Model

of

Open

Systems

Interconnection,

Document

No.

ISO/TC97/SCI6

N227,

International

Organization

for

Standardization

(ISO),

Document

No.

ISO

7498-1984(E).

The

following

Kinetics

and

Excelan

publications

can

also

help

you

establish

your

internet:

12.

Counterpart,

Kinetics,

Inc.

This

third-party

vendor

catalog

lists

sources

for

equipment

and

software

that

can

be

used

with

Kinetics

products.

13.

Excelan

Product

Catalog,

Excelan,

Inc.

This

catalog

lists

all

current

Excelan

and

Kinetics

products.

14.

Fast

Path

Programmer

Manual,

Kinetics,

Inc.

This

manual

provides

information

for

programming

the

FastPath

gateway

to

convert

protocols

other

than

AppleTalk.

15.

Network

Primer,

Kinetics,

Inc.

This

publication

introduces

the

language

and

components

of

Macintosh

network

operation.

It

discusses

hardware,

software,

standards,

and

protocols.

vii

FastPath_4_Gateway

____________________

This

guide

describes

how

to

install, configure,

and

test

the

FastPath

gateway

hardware

and

software.

In

both

the

hardware

and

software

phases,

the instructions

begin

withashort

list

of

the

procedure

for

experienced

users,

then

proceed

with

detailed

procedures

for

new

users.

The

appendices

provide

reference

material

to

help

you make

the

best

use

of

FastPath

gateways.

Chapter

1,

“Introduction,’

t

provides

an

overview

of

the

functions

and

capabilities

of

the

FastPath

gateway.

Chapter

2,

“Physical

Installation,”

describes

how

to

physically

install

the

FastPath

gateway.

Chapter

3,

“Software

Installation,”

describes

howtoconfigure

the

gateway

by

interactively

specifying

the

necessary

data,

by

loading

a

prepared

file,

or

by

letting

the

gateway

configure

itself

automatically.

You

can

use

standard

AppleTalk!

EtherTalk

muting,

Internet

Protocol

(U’)

subnet

routing,

or

K1P-Style

Addressing

and

Routing

(K-STAR).

This

chapter

also

describes

how

to

loadagateway

program.

Chapter

4,

“Troubleshooting,”

describes

solutions

to

some

of

the

common

problems

that

you

might

encounter.

Chapter

5,

‘Network

Utilities,”

describes

Look

and

Echo,

which

are

network

utility

programs

that

can

help

you

analyze

your

internet.
Appendix

A,

“Glossary,”

is

a

glossary

of

some of

the

technical

terms

used

in

this

manual.

Appendix

B,

“Technical

Specifications,”

provides

technical

specificationsofthe FastPath

hardware.

Appendix

C,

‘Decimal-Hexadecimal

Conversion,”

isachart

for

converting

numbers

between

decimal

and

hexadecimal

notation.

About

this

Guide

C

C

C

viii

Appendix

D,

“AppleTalk

Considerations,”

provides

a

brief

description

of

the

hardware

that

forms the physical

part

of

an

AppleTalk

network,

along

with

someofits

restrictions.

Appendix

E,

“Ethernet

Considerations,”

providesabrief

description

of

Ethernet

hardware

and

some

of

its

restrictions.

AppendixF,“Internet

Addressing

and

Berkeley

Subnetting,”

providesatechnical

discussion

of

Internet

addressing

and

Berkeley

subnetting.

Appendix

G,

“FastPath

Diagnostic

Messages,”

providesalist

of

messages you

can

receive

from

FastPath

software.

Appendix

H,

“Support

Information,”

describes

how

to

contact

Kinetics

for

assistance.

An

indexisprovided

at

the

end

of

this

guide

for

easy

cross-reference.

•

Ix

C

C

Contents

Preface

About

this

Guide

xvii

Chapter

1

Introduction

Easy

Installation

1-2

Network

Differences

1-3

Internet

Complexity

1-3

FastPath4

Hardware

1-4

FastPath

Software

1-6

FastPath

Manager

1-6

Gateway

Software

1-7

AppleTalk

and

EtherTalk

Routing

1-7

Internet

Protocol

Routing

1-7

K-STAR

Routing

1-8

Help

Areas

1-8

LocalTalk

Connection

1-9

Ethernet

Connection

1-10

Planning

an

Internet

1-10

Connection

Devices

1-10

Multiple

LocalTalk

Networks

1-12

Bridges

1-13

Zones

1-13

Host

Computers

1-14

Contents

•

xl

FastPath

4

Gateway

Chapter

2

Physical

Installation

Quick

Procedure

Before

You

Begin

Equipment

Requirennts

AppleTalk

Standard

Ethernet

Thin

Ethernet

Using

Existing

Cable

.

Detailed

Installation

Procedure

Hardware

Self-Testing

.

Fatal

Problems

Nonfatal

Problems

Chapter

3

Software

Installation

Automatic

Configuration

Setup

Summary

Launching

FastPath

Manager

Monitoring

Diagnostic

Messages

Selecting

a

Gateway

Configuring

a

Gateway

Loading

a

Configuration

File

Configuring

Manually

Configuring

for

AppleTalk

Only

Main

Configuration

Window
Name
Gateway

Area

AppleTalk

Side

Area

Ethernet

Side

Area

.

Help

Area
Switches
Buttons

Log

Messages

Window

Options Window

2-1

2-I

2-3

2-3

2-4
2-4

2-5
2-5

2-9
2-10
2-10

3-i
3-3

3-4
34
3-5
3-7

3-8
3-8
3-9
3-9
3-9

3-10
3-10
3-11
3-11
3-11

3-12
3-14
3-15

C

C

C

xli

•

Contents

FastPath

4

Gateway

Chapter

4

Troubleshooting

Inspection

of

Equipment

and

Connections

Problems

during

Installation

Unable

to

Load

Can’t

Find

Gateway

IP

Setup

Errors

Chapter

3

Software

Installation

(continued)

Configuring

for

IP

Subnefting

3-18

Subnet

Data

Window

3-18

IP

Subnetwork

Mask

3-19

GatewayIPAddresses

3-19

Default

Router

3-19

Class

Area

3-19

Help

Area

and

Buttons

3-19

Configuring

for

K-STAR

3-20

K-STAR

Configuration

Guidelines

3-21

K-STAR

Data

Window

3-23

IP

Information

Area

3-23

Administrator

Area

3-24

UDP

Side

Area

3-24

Table

Sizes

Area

3-25

Buttons

3-25

Servers

and

Parameters

Window

3-25

Servers

Area

3-25

Local

Parameters

Area

3-26

Buttons

3-26

Printing

a

Configuration

3-26

Saving

a

Configuration

File

3-26

Loading

the

Gateway

Program

3-28

4-1
4-2

4-2

4-3
4-4

Contents

•

XIII

FastPath

4

Gateway

Chapter

5

Network

Utilities

Look

5-i

What

Look

Provides

5-2

HowtoStart

and

Stop

Look

5-3

Using

the

Windows

in

Look

5-3

The

AppleTalk

Traffic

Window

5-4

The

RTMP

Packets

Window

5-4

Window Contents

5-4

Interpretation

of

RTMP

Packets

5-6

RTMP

Packet

Structure

5-7

The

Diagnostic

Packets

Window

5-8

Window

Contents

5-9

Diagnostic

Packet

Alarm

5-9

Trapping

a

Specific

Diagnostic

Packet

5-10

Controlling

Data

Collection

and

Storage

5-11

Stopping

Packet

Collection

5-li

Saving

Packet

Information

inaText

File

5-12

(

Saving Packet

Information

inaMacPaint

File

.

5-13

-

-

Copying

Packet

Information

to

the

Clipboard

.

.

5-13

Restarting

Packet

Collection

5-13

Echo

5-14

Using

Echo

5-14

Choosing

a

Node

for

Testing

5-15

Test

Results

5-16

Interpreting

the

Results

of

Echo

5-17

Appendix

A

Glossary

A-i

Appendix

B

Technical

Specifications

Standards

Compliance

B-i

Hardware

Specifications

B-i

Power

B-I

Physical

Dimensions

B-2

Environmental

Characteristics

B-2

Connectors

B-2

Primary Components

B-2

xlv

•

Contents

FastPath

4

Gateway

Appendix

C

Decimal-Hexadecimal

Conversion

c-I

Appendix

0

AppleTalk

Considerations

Appendix

E

Ethernet

Considerations

Restrictions
Network

Expansion

At

the

End

of

a

Network

In

the

Middle

of

a

Network

Combining

Networks

D-1

Appendix

F

IP

Address

Management

Address

Notation

Network

Classes

Routing

Schemes

Subnetting

Defining

a

Subnet

Kinetics

Subnet

Routing

Berkeley

Internet

Subnetting

The

UNIX

Command

ifconfig

The

UNIX

Command

route

Routing

Methods

Fixed

Routing

F-I
F-2
F-3
F-3
F4
F-5
F-7
F-7
F-7
F-8
F-9

Appendix

G

FastPath

Diagnostic

Messages

G-I

Appendix

H

Support

Information

H-i

E-l

E-2

E-3

E-3

E-3

Contents

•

xv

FastPath

4

Gateway

Tables

C

3-1:

FastPath

4

Software

Options

3-17

3-2:

Default

Subnet

Masks

3-24

D-1:

AppleTalk

Network

Size

Restrictions

E-1:

Maximum

Cable

Lengths

for

Combined

Networks

...

E-4

F-i:

Network

Class

Indicators

F-2

Figures

1-1:

Simple

Internet

Layout

1-2

1-2:

Complex

Internet

Layout

1-4

1-3:

FastPath

4

Back

Panel

1-5

1-4:

ISO-OSI

Domains

of

Connection

Devices

1-11

1-5:

AppleTalk

Zones

1-14

2-1:

Connecting

the

AppleTalk

Cable

2-6

2-2:

Connecting

to

Standard

Ethernet

2-7

2-3:

Connecting

to

Thin

Ethernet

2-8

2-4:

Results

of

Self-Testing

2-9

3-1:

Gateway

List

3-5

3-2:

Main

Configuration

Window

3-6

3-3:

Dialog

Box

to

Close

Configuration

Window

3-7

3-4:

Log

Window

3-14

3-5:

Options

Window

3-16

3-6:

Subnet

Data

Window

3-18

3-7:

K-STAR

Data

Window

3-20

3-8:

K-STAR

Servers

and

Parameters

Window

3-21

3-9:

Configuration

Printout

3-27

xvi

.

Contents

FastPa

th

4

Gate

way

Figures

(continued)

5-1:

5-2

5-2:

5-5

5-3:

5-6

5-4:

57

5-5:

5-9

5-6:

5-10

5-7:

5-12

5-8:

5-15

5-9:

5-15

A-i:

ISO-OSI

Reference

Model

A-5

E-1:

A

Network

with

No

Loops

or

Branches

E-2:

Interconnecting

Ethernet

and

Thin-Ethernet

E-3:

Connecting

to

the

Middle

of

a

Network

F-i:

Network

and

Host

Portions

of

anIPAddress

F-2

F-2:

Subnetting

in

a

Class

A

Address

F-S

F-3:

Subnetting

in

a

Class

C

Address

F-5

F-4:

Using

ifconfig

and

route

F-9

Three

Windows

of

Look

Contents

of

RTMP

Packets

Window

.

Gateway

Data

inanRTMP

Packet

.

.

Format

ofanRTMP

Data

Packet

. .

Contents

of

Diagnostic

Packets

Window

Dialog

Box

for

Trapping

a

Packet

.

.

Dialog

Box

for

Saving

Packet

Information

Dialog

Box

for

Displaying

Echo

Results

Menu

List

of

AppleTalk

Node

Numbers

E-1
E-5
E-6

Contents

•

xvii

fl

n

FastPath

4

Gateway

Chapter

1

Introduction

The Kinetics

FastPath

4

gateway

connects

Ethernet

(or

IEEE

802.3)

and

LocalTalk

(or

equivalent)2networks,

thereby

creating

internet

communication

paths

among

many

different

kinds

of

computers.

The

gateway

passes

information

between

the

two

networks

and

converts

information

from

one

type

of

network

intoaform

that

the

other

can

understand.

This

chapter

discusses the

features

of

the

FastPath

4

gateway

and

some

issues

relatedtoestablishing

an

internet.

The

FastPath

4

gateway

is

highly

adaptable

to

your

needs,

because

it

•

Requires

no

configuration

efforttowork

in

internets

that

use

only

AppleTalk

protocols

•

Can

be

configured

from

either

the

Ethernet

side

or

the

LocalTalk

side

•

Remembers

its

configuration,

even

when

the

power

has

been

off

•

Links

LocalTalk

networks

to

Ethernet

networks,

which

connect

to

many

types

of

computers

•

Is

programmable,

making

it

adaptable

to

different

environments

1.

In

this

manual, the

term

Ethernet

refers

to

both

Ethernet

(Version

1.0

or

2.0)

and

IEEE

802.3

standard

networks.

2.

In

this

manual,

the

phrase

LocalTalk

network

refers

to

any

network

that

is

based

on

LocalTalk,

PhoneNET,

or

any

other

system

of cabling

and

connectors

that

supports

AppleTalk

protocols,

running

at

230

kilobits

per

second.

Introduction

•

1-1

•

Supports

AppleTalk

internet

protocols.

Any

program

working

on

a

LocalTalk

network

will

work

across

the

FastPath

gateway

and

Ethernet

•

ConformstoAppleTalk

and

Ethernet

hardware

and

software

standards

C

Easy
Installation

If

allofthe

communication

through

your

FastPath4gateway

will

use

AppleTalk

protocols,

the

FastPath

installation

is

easy—just connect

the

cables,asdiscussed

in

Chapter2of

this

guide.

When

shipped,

the

FastPath4gatewayisready

for

AppleTalk

communication,

with

no

further

preparation.

Figure

1-1

illustrates

suchasituation.

More

complex

situations,

such

as

those

involving

other

protocols

on

an

existing

Ethernet

network,

can

require

some

software

installation.

In

either

case,

FastPath

installation

requires

the FastPath

4

gateway

itself,

properly

installed

LocalTalk

and

Ethernet

hardware,

and an

AC

power

source.

Figure

1-1:

Simple

Internet

Layout

1-2eIntroduction

Network

By

interconnecting

LocalTalk

and

Ethernet

networks,

the

Dffe’0e’ces

FastPath

hardware

and

software

join

the

networks

into

one

II

I

I

I

internet.

Devices

anywhere

on

the

internet

can

communicate

with

each

other

as

if

they

were

connected

by

one

unified

network

path.

To

create

this

internet,

the

gateway

must

resolve

two

major

areas

of

difference

between

LocalTalk

and

Ethernet

networks:

•

Hardware.

The

two

network

types

use

different

kinds

of

cables

and

connectors,

with

different

physical

and

electrical

characteristics.

•

Protocol.

Each

network

type

uses

a

different

format

and

sequence

for

the

transmitted

information.

Internet

FastPath

gateways

let

you

build

an

internet

configuration

that

is

C

as

simple

or

complex

as

necessary

to

match

your

needs.

With

a

I

I.

7

set

of

gateways,

you

can

•

Make

use

of

existing

Ethernet

cable.

You

can

connect

multiple

LocalTalk

networks

to

the

Ethernet

cable

without

disturbing

the

existing

Ethernet

network.

•

Increase

speed

and

efficiency.

By

attaching

groups

of

AppleTalk

devices

to

the

same

Ethernet

backbone

cable,

you

can

take

advantage

of

the

fact

that

Ethernet

transmits

information

more

rapidly

than

does

LocalTalk.

•

Link

Apple

devices—Macintosh

or

Apple

II

computers,

LaserWriters

or

Imagewriters,

and

other

devices—to

devices

on

an

Ethernet

network.

With

the

appropriate

application

software,

the

devices

on

LocalTalk

networks

can

exchange

information

with

line

printers,

host

computers’

memory,

IBM

PCs,

or

other

devices

on

Ethernet.

•

Run

various

protocols.

Several

different

communication

protocols

are

used

on

Ethernet

cable.

You

can

use

FastPath

gateways

to

link

LocalTalk

networks

to

Ethernet

networks

that

use

these

different

protocols.

Introduction

•

1-3

r

-

-

An

internet

could

haveasimple

layout,

like

the

one

shown

in

Figure

1-1,inwhich

a

single

backbone

provides

an

Ethernet

connection

between

LocalTalk

networks.

It

could

alsobevery

complex,

with

several

networks

interconnected

as

shown

in

Figure

1-2.

Although

the

internet

in

Figure

1-2

is

complex,

all

of

its devices

can

communicate

with

each other.

FastPath

4

Hardware

The

FastPath

4

gateway’s

metal

case

contains

a

printed-circuit

board,apower

supply,

and

a backup

battery.

Its

back

panel,

as

shown

in

Figure

1-3,

includes

a

power

switch,

a

slide

switch,

a

fuse

clip,

a

serial-number

label,

and

connectors

for

LocalTalk,

standard

Ethernet,

thin

Ethernet,

and

a

power

cord.

Mainframe

computer

with

K-Talk

C

FIgure

1-2:

Complex

Internet

Layout

1-4.Introduction

FastPa

th

4

Gate

way

On the

front

of

the

case

are

three

LED

lights.

The

leftmost

LED

is

the

power

light,

indicating

that

the

gateway

is

receiving

power.

The

other

two

LEDs

are the

network

traffic

lights

for

the

LocalTalk

and

Ethernet

connections;

in

normal

operation,

these

two

LEDs

light

to

indicate

communication

packets

going

through

their

respective

connections.

On

the

back

panel,

the

15-pin

D-connector

is

for

a

cable

connected

to

an

external,

IEEE

802.3

Type

A

transceiver,

connected

in

turn

to

standard

Ethernet

cable.

The

circular

BNC

connector

is

for

a

T-connector

that

is

part

ofanIEEE

802.3

thin-Ethernet

cable.

The

9-pin

D-connector

is

for

a

LocalTalk

connection

box.

A

slide

switch,

between

the

two

Ethernet

connectors,

selects

which

type

of

Ethernet

is

tobeconnected

to

the

gateway.

When

you

install

the

gateway,

you

slide

the

switch

toward

the

desired

connector.

Figure

1-3:

FastPath

4

Back

Panel

Introduction

•

1-5

_____________________________________

-:

________________

The

power

switch

isarocker

switch

marked

with

the

internationally

recognized

designations—I

for

“on”

and

0

for

‘off.”

The

fuse

is

held

byaplastic

dip

between

the

power

switch

and

the

power

cord.

You

must

remove

the

power

cord

before

you

can

remove

the

fuse

clip.

The

battery

prevents

the

gateway

from

losing

information

and

programs

if

it

is

disconnected

or

if

a

power

outage

occurs.

The

battery

lasts

the

life

of

the

gateway,

so

you

will

never

have

to

replace

it.

The

power supply

is

adjusted

for

the

standard

power

source

of

the

country

in

which

it

is

purchased,

either

110

or

220

volts

AC.

If

you

intend

to

install

the

gateway

inacountry

with

different

voltage

requirements,

ask

your

dealer

or

Kinetics

to

adjust

it

for

that

voltage.

The

model

number

and

serial

number

of

the

gateway

are

printed

onalabelonthebackpanel.

(

The

Ethernet

address

of

the

gateway

is

printed

on

a

label

on

the

bottom

of

the

chassis.

Fast

Path

Along

with

the

FastPath

4

gateway,

you

received

some

disks

S

o”a

re

containing

programs

and

files

to

help

you

manage the

gateway.

I

LVV

Included

on

these

disks

are

the

FastPath

Manager application,

a

gateway

program,

models

for

specialized

gateway programs,

sample

configuration

files,

and

the

diagnostic

programs

Look

and

Echo.

FastPath

To

configure

and

load

the

gateway,

run

the

Fastl’ath

Manager

C

Manager

program.

Through

this

program,

you

can

•

Enable

or

disable

automatic

configuration

of

the

gateway.

•

Enable

or

disable

automatic

booting

of

the

gateway.

1-6

•

Introduction

•

Reset

or

restart

the gateway.

•

Loadagateway

program

into

the

gateway.

•

Supply

values

for

parameters

of

the

gateway

program.

•

Specify

AppleTalk

network

numbers

and

zone

names.

•

Specify

addresses

for

Ethernet

and

IP

use.

•

Configure

the

gateway

by

loading

a

previously

saved

configuration

file.

Chapter

3,

“Software

Installation,”

describes

these

and

other

functions.

Gateway

In

many

installations,

you

do

not

have

to

load

a

separate

Software

gateway

program

because

the

necessary

instructions

are

in the

FastPath

4

gateway’s

permanent

memory

(PROM).

One

gateway

program,

for

K-STAR

routing,

is

provided

with

the

gateway.

For

information

on

writing

custom

gateway

programs,

refer

to

the

FastPath

Programmer

Manual.

AppleTalk

and

If

the

FastPath

4

gateway

just

interconnects

AppleTalk

networks,

EtherTalk

Routing

it

runs

gateway

code

directly

from

its

PROM.

Figure

1-1

shows

such

an

internet.

The

PROM

code

also

handles

communication

between

devices

on

a

LocalTalk

network

and

a

UNIX

host

computer

that

is

running

Kinetics

K-Talk

software.

Internet

Protocol

If

you

want

the

devices

on

a

LocalTalk

network

to

communicate

Routing

through

IP

(Internet

Protocol),

you

can

select

IP

Subnetting

or

K-STAR

in

the

configuration

program.

If

you

select

IP

Subnetting,

the

gateway

runs

directly

from

the

PROM

code.

Introduction

•

1-7

For

more

flexible

communication

with

a

host

computer

using

the

TCP/IP

(Transmission

Control

Protocol/Internet

Protocol),

you

should

load

the

K-STAR

gateway

program.

K-STAR

software

allows

either

static

or

dynamic

assignment

of

IP

addresses

to

AppleTalk nodes.

Static

addresses

are

useful

for

certain

nodes,

such

as

file

servers,

that

need

to

have

a

constant

address

and

are

unlikely

to

be

relocated.

You

can

assign

a

static

address

through

a

Telnet

program.

(Kinetics

can

supply

you

with

such

a

programifyou

do

not

already

have

one.)

The

FastPath

4

gateway,ifloaded

with

the

K-STAR

software

gateway

program,

automatically

assigns

a

dynamic

1P

address

whenever

a

device

on the

attached

LocalTalk

network

requests

such

an

address.

The

device

keeps

its

assigned

IP

address

until

it

is

turned

off

or

disconnected

from

the

network.

Even

then,

it

keeps

the

addressifitisturned

on

or

reconnected

within

four

to

five

minutes.

When

an

AppleTalk

device

(on

a

LocalTalk

network)

sends

a

message

through

a

gateway

that

is

configured

for

IP,

the

gateway

can

encapsulate

the

AppleTalk

packet

in

an

IP

envelope.

That

is,

it

attaches

IF

addressing

information

to

the

message,

so

the

IP

devices

in

the

internet

see

the

message

as

a

normal

IF

packet.

When

the host

receives

this,

it

can

strip

off

the

envelope

to

reveal

the

AppleTalk

packet.

Help

Areas

Each

FastPath

Manager

window

includes

a

Help

area.

When

you

press

the

mouse

button,

the

Help

area

displays

information

about

the

currently

selected

field.

The

Help

area

also

displays

error

and

warning

messages

as

needed.

K-STAR

Routing

1-8

IntroductIon

LocalTal

k

Each

LocalTalk

or

equivalent

connector

kit

includes

a

connection

Co

n

n

ect

on

box

and

a

length

of

cable.

The

cabling

can

be

any

of

several

physical

media,

including

•

Shielded

twisted-pair

wire

(as

in

LocalTalk

connector

kits,

manufactured

by

Apple

Computer)

•

Unshielded

twisted-pair

wire

(as

in

PhoneNET

connector

kits,

manufactured

by

Farallon

Computing)

•

Fiber-optic

cable

(as

in

Fiber

Optic

System

for

AppleTalk,

manufactured

by

DuPont)

A

connection

box

is

a

small

plastic

enclosure

with

two

cable

connectors

and

a

short

cable

ending

in

one

of

two

types

of

device

connector:

•

A

9-pin,

trapezoidal,

DB-9

connector.

You

can connect

this

type

toaFastPath

gateway;

to

a

LaserWriter

or

LaserWriter

Plus

printer;

or

to

a

Macintosh

128K

or

512K

computer.

• An

8-pin,

round,

DJN-8

connector.

You

can

connect

this

type

to

a

Macintosh

II,

Macintosh

SE,

Macintosh

Plus,

or

Apple

JIGS

computer;

to

a

LaserWriter

II

printer;

or

to

an

ImageWriter

II

printer

that

has

the

LocalTalk

option.

The

maximum

length

of

a

single

LocalTalk

or

equivalent

network,

and

the

number

of

devices

you

can

attach

to

it,

depends

on

the

medium

you

use.

For

example,

LocalTalk

hardware

allows

a

maximum

of

32

connections

and

a

maximum

network

length

of

300

meters

(984

feet)

between

repeaters,

bridges,

or

gateways.

PhoneNET

hardware

also

allows

a

maximum

of

32

connections,

but

its

maximum

network

length

is

approximately

900

meters

(2952

feet).

The

documentation

provided

with

your

equipment

describes

the

applicable

limits.

Cable

and

cable

connectors

are

not

supplied

with

the

FastPath

4

gateway.

You

can

purchase

the

necessary

cables,

connectors,

and

other

hardware

through

your

Kinetics

representative

or

your

local

dealer.

Introduction

•

1-9

__________________________________

__________

Ethernet

The

nodes

of

an

Ethernet

network

are

connected

by

some

form

C

o

‘

‘

ect

o

of

Ethernet

hardware.

An

Ethernet

network

can

use

any

of

I

II

I

I

I I

several

kindsofphysical

media,

including

•

Standard

Ethernet

cable,

withanexternal

transceiver

and

transceiver

cable

•

Thin

Ethernet

cable,

withaT-connector

•

Twisted-pair

wire

(such

as

LattisNet,

manufactured

by

SynOptics

Communications)

You

can

connect

a

Macintosh

directlytoEthernet

if

the

Macintosh

is

equipped

with

a

Kinetics

EtherPort

SE

or

EtherPort

II

board

or

a

Kinetics

EtherSC

connection

box.

The

Ethernet

cable

should

be

installed

before

you

begin

installing

the

gateways.

You

might

wanttoconsult

a

professional installer,

because

Ethernet

cable

installation

requires

some

expertise.

For

example,

the

installed

cable

must

be

terminated

at

both

ends

and

should

include

a

connector

or

transceiver in

the

correct

location

for

each

FastPath

gateway

you

wanttoinstall.

Also,

the

number

of

FastPath

gateways

you

can

connect

to

an

Ethernet

cable

depends

on the

total

lengthofthe

cable

and

the

number

of

other

devices

on the

cable.

Cable

and

cable

connectors

are

not

supplied

with

the

FastPath

4

gateway.

For

a

list

of

sources

where you

can

purchase

the

necessary

cable,

transceivers,

and

other

needs, refer

to

Counterpart,

the

Kinetics

third-party

vendor

products

catalog.

Planning

an

Before

you

set

up

an

internet,

you

should

carefully

plan

its

Internet

connections

and

gateway

configurations,

whether

you

are

“I

I

building

an

Ethernet

backbone

between

LocalTalk

networks

or

connecting

LocalTalk

networks

toahost

computer.

C

Connection

Network

communication

takes

place

on

several

levels.

Not

only

Devices

do

electrical

signals

havetotravel

through

wires,

but

the

1-10•Introduction

information

carried

by

those

signals

must

be

mutually

understandable

to

the

sender

and

the

receiver,

and

sometimes

to

intermediary

devices.

Internet

connection

devices

are

grouped

into

four

categories

—repeaters,

bridges,

routers,

and

gateways—depending

on

which

communication

levels

they

deal

with.

Figure

1-4

shows

the

domains

of

such

devices

within

the

seven

levels,

or

layers,

of

the

Open

Systems

Interconnection

(OSI)

reference

model

adopted

by

the

International

Organization

for

Standardization

(ISO).

A

repeater

is

a

device

used

to

connect

two

or

more

networks

at

the

Physical

layer

of

the

ISO-OSI

reference

model.

The

networks

connected

toarepeater

must

use

the

same

physical

medium

(Ethernet

cable,

for

example).

The

repeater

is

insensitive

to

the

protocols

used

on

that

medium.

The

principal

use

of

a

repeater

is

to

amplify

or

regenerate

signals,

to

alter

the

topology

or

extend

the

effective

length

of

a

network.

A

bridge

isadevice

used

to

connect

two

or

more

networks

at

the

Data

Link

layer

of

the

ISO-OSI

reference

model.

The

networks

can

have

different

physical

media.

The

networks

also

can

use

different

upper-level

protocols,

because

the

bridge

only

understands

addresses.

Figure

1-4:

ISO-OSI

Domains

of

Connection

Devices

Introduction

•

1-11

For

example,abridge

could

conduct

an

AppleTalk

packet

from

a

PhoneNET

cabletoan

Ethertalk

cable,

but

could not

transform

that

packet

into one

readable

by

a

TCP/IP

device.

However,

another

bridge, attached elsewhere

on

the

Ethertalk

cable,

could

conduct the

packet

toasecond PhoneNET

cable

where

AppleTalk

devices

could

read

it.

Bridges

are

also

usefulinconnecting

networks

that use

the same

medium

and

protocol;aninternet

of

small

networks

bridged

together

canbemore

manageable

than

a

single

large

network.

A

router

is

a

device

usedtoconnect

twoormore

networks

at the

Network

layerofthe

ISO-OSI

reference model.

The

networks

connected

toarouter

generally

use

the

same

protocol

and

physical

medium.

The

router

must understand

the

protocol,

becauseituses information

within

each

packet

to

determine

howtoroute

that

packet.

A

gateway

is

a

device

used

to

connect

twoormore

networks

at

the

protocol layersofthe

ISO-OSI

reference

model.

The

networks

can

use

different

protocols

and

physical media.

A

gateway

can

acceptapacketinthe formatofone

protocol

and

retransmit

the

packet

in

the

form

required

byadifferent

protocol.
The

FastPath4device

performs

someofthe functions

of

a

bridge,arouter,

and

a

gateway.Itcan

be

an

Appletalk

bridge,

passing

AppleTalk packets

from

one

networktoanother.

In

a

more

complex

internet,itcan

modify

AppleTalk

packets

to

route

them

through

TCP/IP

or

other

networks.Itcan also

forward

TCP/IP

packets

from one

network

to

another.

Becauseofthe

mixture

of

uses, this

guide

refers

to

the

FastPath

4

deviceasa

gateway.

Multiple

Connecting

multiple

LocalTalk

networks

allowsalarger

number

LocalTal

k

of

nodes—Macintosh

or Apple

II

computers,

LaserWriters

or

1.1

4w

,

Imagewriters,

and

other

devices—to

exchange

information.

.e

LVVO

rs

Becauseofhardware

limitations, the

number

of

devices

that

can

be

included

inasingle

LocalTalk

or equivalent

network

is

limited.

Both LocalTalk

and

PhoneNET, for

example,

limit

the

maximum

number

of

devicesto32.

1-12•Introduction