Kinemetrics Altus User Manual

User Manual

使用手册

Altus Digital

Recorder

Altus 数字记录器

文件 302200 Document 302200

版本 I Revision I

2002 年 4月 April 2002

Warranties, Disclaimers &
Trademarks 担保、免责和商标

Copyright © 2002 Kinemetrics, Inc.

The trademarks used throughout this manual, registered or not, are: Kinemetrics, QuickTalk,
QuickLook, K2, Etna, EpiSensor, HypoSensor, FerriShield, Windows

This publication is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied,
including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular
purpose, or non-infringement. Kinemetrics, Inc. and its affiliates assume no responsibility for
errors or omissions in this publication or other documents which are referenced by or linked to
this publication.

References to corporations, their services and products, are provided "as is" without warranty of
any kind, either expressed or implied. In no event shall Kinemetrics, Inc. be liable for any
special, incidental, indirect or consequential damages of any kind, or any damages whatsoever,
including, without limitation, those resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether or not
advised of the possibility of damage, and on any theory of liability, arising out of or in
connection with the use or performance of this information.

This publication could include technical or other inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes
are periodically added to the information herein; these changes will be incorporated in new
editions of the publication.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be copied, photocopied, reproduced,
transmitted, transcribed, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readable form without
prior written consent of Kinemetrics, Inc.

Kinemetrics, Inc., 222 Vista Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA

Phone: [phone]  Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [e-mail]
Technical Support: [e-mail]

Website: www.kinemetrics.com

Kinemetrics SA, Le Tresi 3, 1028 Preverenges, Switzerland

Phone: [phone]  Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [e-mail]

We warrant each new product manufactured by Kinemetrics for a period of one year from date of shipment. Defects in
material or workmanship found within that period will be replaced or repaired (at our option) without charge for
materials or labor. If Kine metrics authorizes the return of a product, we will pay the round trip freight charges to the
factory for repair under warranty. If subsequent evaluation at Kinemetrics establishes that necessary repairs are due to
misuse, then the customer must assume all charges.

Insurance for all shipments, either fir st sale or repair, are the resp onsibility of the customer. Kinemetrics can arrange to
have a policy purchased on behalf of the customer for the first sale; however, it is the responsibility of the customer to
notify the carrier immediately of any freight or handling damage. Kinemetrics will make every effort to assist the
customer in filing a claim with the carrier or insurance company.

If on-site warranty repair or replacement is requir ed, the customer will be char ged the then-current field service rate for
portal-to-portal travel time plus actual portal-to-portal travel charges. There is no charge for on-site warranty repair labor.

Items not manufactured by Kinemetrics but included in systems (e.g. peripherals, options) are warranted for 90 days
from date of shipment.

Items not manufactured by Kin eme tr ics a nd not par t of a sy ste m (e.g. r ecord er s, printers, analyzers) may be warr an t ed by
the original equipment manufacturer. Kinemetrics will do everything possib le to expedite and coordinate any warranty
service from the original manufa ct ur er .

Software not produced by Kinemetrics may carry its own warranty and the customer should sign any appropriate license
agreement(s) and return to software manufacturer. Kinemetrics assumes no responsibility for such third-party software.

KINEMETRICS INC.

222 Vista Avenue • Pasadena, CA 91107 U.S.A • [phone] • FAX [phone]

http://www.kinemetrics.com

Warranty

• e-mail: [e-mail]

KINEMETRICS 公司 Warranty 保单（担保条款）

我们承诺 Kinemetrics 公司制造的每件新产品都享受自发货日起算为期一年的担保期。在此期间所发现的材料和制造
缺陷都可得到更换或修理（由我们选择），免交工料费用。如果是 Kinemetrics 公司批准同意召回的产品，我们将按
照保单支付其往返工厂的运输费。如果经 Kinemetrics 公司后来的评估确定所做的修理是因为该产品使用不当所致，
客户则必须承担所有费用。

所有货物运输的保险，无论是初次售出还是返修，都是客户的责任。在初次销售，为客户的利益作想，Kinemetrics
公司可以代办保险单的购买；然而，即刻正式通知承担货物运输或应对风险的承运人是客户的责任。Kinemetrics 公
司奖尽力帮助客户向承运人或保险公司填报索赔要求。

如果必须在现场做担保承诺的修理或更换，客户则将要支付由此产生的包括门到门的旅行时间和实际花费的现场服务
费。至于在现场所做担保承诺的修理是免费的。

对于不是 Kinemetrics 公司制造的但属于系统一部分的项目（例如外围设备、选件），可享受自发货日起算为期 90 天
的担保期。

对于不是 Kinemetrics 公司制造的同时也不属于系统一部分的项目（例如记录器、打印机、分析仪），可由原设备制
造者提供担保。Kinemetrics 公司将尽可能地为促使原制造者履行同等的担保服务而做好每一件事。

不是由 Kinemetrics 公司产出的软件具有其自身的担保书，客户应签出适当的使用许可文件并返回软件制造者。
Kinemetrics 公司对此类第三方软件不承担责任。

本手册中文翻译内容仅供阅读英文原文时参考

完成并返回此服务卡 Service Card

Complete and

return this

card

Model: _______________ S/N ________________

完成及返回此卡

Service Card

Date: __________

Please add me to your Service Bulletin mail list............................ I would like to receive more information on your service for:

.......................................................................................................

Installation........................ Repair ...........................

Maintenance..................... Data Reduction.............

Calibration........................ Training.........................

My responsibilities can be described as:

Instrumentation technician.............................................................

Lab Manager..................................................................................

.......................................................................................................

My name is ________________________________________

Title ______________________________________________

Company __________________________________________

Address ___________________________________________

City ______________________________________________

State_____________ Zip _____________________________

I would like to purchase a Service Manual for my instrument

if it is ava ilable

Field Engineer................................................................................

……………………………………………........................................

Tel ( ) ___________________________________________

Services available from Kinemetrics

可由 Kinemetrics 公司提供的服务

Installation 安装

Field support for on-site installation, supervision and check-out of Kinemetrics products is available from Kinemetrics.
Training for the customer’s staff is also available, either at Kineme trics’ facilities in P asadena, or at the customer’s s ite.
We recommend contracting for installation services along with instrument procurement.

Kinemetrics 产品的现场安装、督察和检查等现场支持。并可为客户的工作人员提供技术 培训，培训地点在帕萨迪纳市
Kinemetrics 公司本部或客户指定的场地均可。我们建议将仪器交接与现场服务集中进行。

Maintenance 维护

Periodic field maintenance programs are offered for our products. Current programs include annual contracts to service
accelerographs in high-rise buildings, free-field accelerographs, offshore platform monitoring systems, maintenance at
nuclear power plants and seismic network maintenance.

丛建筑的加速度仪、自由场地加速度仪、；离岸浅海平台监测系统、核发电厂地震监测系统及地震台网等的年度维护服务合同。

对于我们的产品可以提供定期现场维护服务计划。通常的计划包括高

Recalibration and Repair 重校准和返修

Kinemetrics will repair and/or modify many types of electromechanical instruments and systems. All repair and
calibrations are warranted for a period of 90 days for workmanship. European customer s may contact Kinemetrics S A for
assistance at Le Trési 3, 1028 Prév erenges, Switzerland; E-mail: kmi_sa@b luewin.ch; telephone [phone]; fax
021-803 28 95.

天。欧洲客户请接触 Kinemetrics 公司驻瑞士办事处户的帮助。

Kinemetrics 公司将可以修理和/或更改多种类型的电子机械仪器和系统。所有修理和校准担保为期 90 个工作

Kinemetrics 公司可提供对于

Data Reduction 数据整理

Kinemetrics offers digitization of records, conversion of data to engineering units, amplitude compensation, decimation,
baseline correction, integration and differentiation, digital filtering, Fourier spectrum and response spectrum computation,
plotting, and outp ut of tapes for the customer’s use.

换、振幅校准、筛选、基线校正、积分、微分、数字滤波、富利叶谱和反应谱计算、绘图和磁带输出等服务

Kinemetrics 公司可依客户使用需要提供记录数字化、数据工程单位转

。

For Faster Service 为了更快地获得服务

When returning any product to Kineme trics, please re quest an RMA number and make reference to this numb er in any
following correspondence

后的信件联系中提及这个 RMA 号码。

. 当需要返回任何产品到 Kinemetrics 公司时，请要求一个 RMA（返修管理办公室）的号码，并在随

Declaration of Conformity

WE

KINEMETRICS, INC.

222 VISTA AVENUE

PASADENA, CA 91107

USA

hereby declare that the equipment specified conforms to the following

Directives and Standards:

Product Name: Kinemetrics Altus K2 Systems
Product Description: Strong Motion Recording Systems
Model Number(s): K2 12-channel, K2 6-channel, K2 4-channel, GP S

Option, Modem Option, External Sensors Option, FBA­23, FBA-23DH

Directives: 89/336/EEC, 73/23/EEC (93/68/EEC)

Standards: Safety: EN 61010-1

EMC: EN 55022, Class A
EN 50082-2

Supplementary Information:

Pasadena, CA USA
14 August 1997

_______________________________

IAN M. STANDLEY
VICE PRESIDENT, ENGINEERING

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Table of Contents

目录

Safety 安全

1. Getting Started 启动

Overview 总论......................................................................................... 1

Introduction 概述..................................................................................... 2

The Makalu..................................................... ...................................... . 9

Differences Between the Makalu & K2

Makalu 和 K2 间的不同之处.................................................. 11

Optimizing Makalu Performance 优化 Makalu 的性能........ 12

Inspecting the Recorder 观察、检查记录器

Handling Precautions 预防触摸危险............................................... 13

Installation Considerations 安装需要考虑事项 .................................. 13

Network Planning 台网设计............................................................. 14

Civil Engineering

Free-Field Installations 自由场的安装...................................... 14

Structural-Monitoring Installations 结构监测的安装................ 16

土建工程............................................................. 14

......................................... 12

Requirements for Installation 安装需备条件....................................... 16

Required Tools 必需的工具............................................................. 17

For the recorder 用于记录器的................................................. 17

For the GPS Timing System 用于 GPS 时间系统的.................. 17

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

For an External EpiSensor 用于外接 EpiSensor........................18

Required Supplies
Required Equipment

必需的补给品....................................................18

必需的设备器材............................................18

Practice Assembly实际集合演练.........................................................19

Why Practice In the Laboratory? 为何要在实验室内演练？.........19

2. Installation Basics 安装基础

Overview 总论.......................................................................................21

Installing the Basic Recorder 记录器基本安装 ....................................22

Installing Support Software 安装支持软件.........................................22

Orienting a Recorder with an Internal EpiSensor

内置 EpiSensor 摆记录器的定向 .......................................................22

Mounting the Recorder 记录器固定 ...................................................24

Floor-Mounting (Recommended) 地板固定（推荐）...............25

Shelf-Mounting 支架搁板固定...................................................30

Wall-Mounting 墙壁固定...........................................................30

Grounding the Recorder 记录器接地.................................................31

The Makalu...................................... ... ...................................... ...33

Connecting Your PC 连接 PC 机 ........................................................33

Connecting the Internal Battery 连接内置电池 ..................................36

Connecting the Power Supply 连接供电电源.....................................38

Verifying Basic Unit Operation 检验基本单元操作..........................40

Turning On the Power 接通电源 ................................................40

Front Panel Display 前面板显示 ................................................40

Running QuickTalk 运行 QuickTalk.................................................42

Zero-Adjusting Internal EpiSensors 内置 EpiSensor 摆调零位 ...........43

Adjustment Instructions调节指示 ......................................................44

Maximizing EpiSensor Performance EpiSensor 摆性能最佳化........45

Connecting the Internal Modem 连接内置 Modem ............................46

Connecting a GPS Timing System 连接 GPS时钟 ...........................47

Setting Up Optional Gain Boards 安装增益板选件 ...........................48

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Connecting External Modems连接外设 Modems................................ 49

Preparing a Modem Cable 准备 Modem 连接电缆............................ 49

Connecting to a Telephone System 连接到电话系统....................... 50

Verifying Modem Operation 检验 Modem 的运转........................... 50

Powering Down 切断电源..................................................................... 51

Documenting the Installation 安装建档................................................ 52

3. Configuring & Operating Instruments 设置和操作仪器

Overview 总论....................................................................................... 53

Configuring Instruments 设置仪器....................................................... 53

Station Parameter Selection台站参数选择........................................ 56

Selecting Channels to Record 配置记录通道 ........................... 56

Stream Parameter Selection 数据流参数选择................................... 56

Recorded Data Rate 记录数据采样率........................................ 56

Pre-Event Time 事件前时间 ...................................................... 57

Post Event Time 事件后时间 .................................................... 58

Minimum Run Time 最短运行时间........................................... 58

Channel Triggering 通道触发............................................................. 58

Triggering in Strong Motion Applications 强震动应用的触发......... 59

Alarms 警报器............................................................................ 60

Triggering in Weak Motion Applications 弱震动应用的触发 .......... 60

Causal Filters诱导滤波器.......................................................... 60

Trigger Filters 触发滤波器......................................................... 62

STA/LTA Triggering 长短时平均触发 .................................... 64

Trigger Voting Parameters触发表决参数.......................................... 72

Channel Weights (Trigger/Detrigger V otes)

通道权重（触发/不触发表决）............................................... 72

Trigger Weight 触发权重 ........................................................... 73

Keyboard Votes键盘表决.......................................................... 73

External Votes外部表决............................................................ 73

Examples of Voting Schemes 表决方案实例 ........................... 73

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Data Storage Configuration数据存储设置.........................................74

Primary & Secondary Storage主要的和第二位的存储.............74

Tree or Flat File System 树形或平面体系..................................75

Preparing New PCMCIA Cards 准备新的 PCMCIA 卡.............75

RS232 Direct Connection RS- 232直接连接.............................77

Modem and Other Remote Connections Modem和其他远程连接...77

Answer Mode: Phoning In to the Re corder

应答方式:打电话到记录器....................................................77

Autocall Mode: Using the Recorder to Phone You

自动方式：由记录器给你通话...............................................78

Cellular Phone Control 便携蜂窝电话控制 ................................ 79

Digital Field Station数字现场台站....................................................82

Hardware Connection to Digital Field Station

数字现场台站的硬件连接.........................................................82

Overview of Digital Field Station Protocols

数字现场台站协议综述.............................................................82

Configuring the Digital Field Station

数字现场台站设置.....................................................................83

Serial Data Streams 串行数据流.........................................................83

Description of the Serial Data Stream Protocol

串行数据流协议描述.................................................................84

Mode 1.........................................................................................85

Mode 2.........................................................................................85

Mode 3.........................................................................................85

Configuring the Serial Data Stream串行数据流设置................85

TCP/IP Support TCP/IP 支持.............................................................86

Sensor Settings 传感器安装...............................................................86

Security & Passwords 安全和密码....................................................87

Checking the Recorder Setup 检查记录器的设置.............................87

Performing a Functional Test 完成功能试验.....................................88

The K2.......................................... ... ...................................... ......88

The Makalu...................................... ... ...................................... ...90

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Operating the Recorder 运行记录器 .................................................... 91

Retrieving Data from the Recorder 从记录器回收数据.................... 91

RS-232 Direct Data Retrieval RS-232 直接数据回收 ............... 91

Retrieving Data Remotely 远程回收数据................................. 93

Downloading Data Automatically 数据自动下载............................. 93

Finding Files 查找文件....................................................................... 93

Retrieving Files 回收文件 .................................................................. 94

Managing Data Storage & Deleting Fil e s

管理数据存储和文件删除................................................................. 95

Removing P C MCIA Cards 取出 PCMCIA 卡................................... 96

Configuring the Instrument Using an Aut oL oa d. pa r fi le

用 Autoload.par 文件设置仪器.................................................. 97

Analyzing Recorder Data 分析记录器的数据 ................................... 97

QuickTalk & 和 QuickLook ....................................................... 97

Getting Data into Other Programs 取数据进入其它程序.......... 97

Kinemetrics-Supplied Support Programs

Kinemetrics 提供的支持程序.................................................... 98

Support Software for the Makalu 用于 Makalu 的支持软件.... 99

Kinemetrics’ Strong Motion Analysis Program

Kinemetrics 公司的‘强震动分析程序(SMAP)’..................100

Network Management System 网络管理系统...................................100

Short Message Service 短信息服务..................................................101

Troubleshooting 故障排除.................................................................. 101

4. Maintenance & Service 维护和服务

Overview 总论..................................................................................... 103

Performing a Three Month System Check 完成三个月的系统检查 103

Performing a Regular Maintenance Check 完成常规维护检查........ 104

Step 1 Run Remote Check Tests 第一步：运行远方检查试验...105

Step 2 Adjust the Accelerometers 第二步：调节加速度计..........106

Step 3 Replace the Desiccant 第三步: 重置干燥剂.......................106

Step 4 Complete a Functional Test Before Leaving the Site

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

第四步：临离现场前完成一次功能试验........................106

Performing a Remote System Check 完成远程系统检查 .................107

Step 1 Functional Test & Sensor Res p on se Test

第一步：功能试验和传感器反应试验............................108

Step 2 Checking Sensor Offsets 第二步： 检查传感器的零位偏离108

The Makalu............................................................................ ... .109

Step 3 Checking System Restarts 第三步：检查系统的重新启动109

Step 4 Checking System Voltages第四步：检查系统的电压.....111

Step 5 Checking GPS Condition 第五步： 检查 GPS 状态 .........113

Replacing Batteries 置换电池 ............................................................118

Battery Specifications 电池特性.......................................................118

Battery Installation 电池安装...........................................................119

Battery Recycling 电池回收利用.....................................................122

Replacing Fuses 置换熔断丝...............................................................124

The Makalu............................................................................ ... .126

Replacing PCMCIA Cards or Hard Drives 置换 PCMCIA 卡或硬驱127

Cleaning the Recorder 清洁记录器.....................................................128

Troubleshooting & Service 故障排除和服务 ....................................129

Hardware Problems 硬件问题..........................................................129

Installing New Firmware 安装新的固件..........................................130

Decommissioning & Recycling 退役及回收再利用 .........................139

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

5. Reference 参考资料

Technical Overview 技术总论............................................................ 141

System Overview 系统综览................................................................ 141

EpiSensor Deck Theory of Operation

EpriSensor装置的运行理论............................................................... 144

Working Principle 工作原理.............................................................145

Features of the Internal EpiSensor Deck 内置 EpiSensor 装置特性147

Cal Coil 标定线圈 .....................................................................147

EEPROM....................................................................................147

Pole Zero Representation of the EpiSensor

EipSensor 的极零表达.......................................................................148

Polarity Conventions 极性约定 .........................................................151

External Sensors 外接传感器...........................................................151

K2 ADC/DSP Board K2 模数转换/数字信号处理板......................152

Analog Signal Conditioning 模拟信号状况..............................153

Analog-to-Digital Conversion 模数转换...................................154

Digital-Signal Processor 数字信号处理器................................155

Other ADC/DSP Features 其它模数转换/数字信号器特性 ....155

Makalu ADC/DSP Board

Makalu 模数转换/数字信号处理板.................................................156

Isolation Barrier 隔离屏.............................................................158

Analog-to-Digital Conversion 模数转换...................................158

Digital-Signal Processor 数字信号处理器...............................159

Other ADC/DSP Features 其它模数转换/数字信号器特性 ....159

ADC/DSP Board Jumper Confi g uration

模数转换/数字信号器跳线设置.......................................................160

109440 K2 ADC/DSP Board

K2 模数转换/数字信号处理板.................................................160

109590 Makalu ADC/DSP Board

Makalu模数转换/数字信号处理板..........................................162

MCU System Controller Board

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

MCU 系统控制板..............................................................................1 64

Flash Firmware Operation 闪存固件运行................................165

Timing System Operation 时间系统运行................................166

PCMCIA Board PCMCIA 卡板 .....................................................166

Power Supply Board 电源供应板....................................................168

Front Panel Board 前面板 ................................................................170

System Power Requirements 系统电源功率需求..............................171

EpiSensor Power Consumption EpiSensor 功耗 ............................174

Power Supply Adapter Ratings 供电适配器额定值........................175

Operating Temperature 运行温度 ......................................................175

Operating Humidity 运行湿度............................................................176

Detailed Electrical Interface 电气接口详述........................................176

Connector Pin Definitions 连接器接脚定义.......................................179

RS-232C 通信接口............................................................................179

Ext Power 外接电源接口 ............................................................ ....181

Auxiliary 辅助接口 ...........................................................................182

GPS Antenna GPS天线接口............................................................185

External Sensor Input 外接传感器输入接口...................................185

The K2............................................................................... .... ....186

The Makalu............................................................................ ... .186

Firmware Overview 固件综述.............................................................190

Boot Loader 引导装载器..................................................................190

Application Block 应用块.................................................................190

Firmware Features 固件特性..............................................................191

Filtering and Decimation 滤波和筛选.............................................191

Causal/Acausal Filtering诱导/非诱导滤波..............................192

K2 Clip Indicator K2 限幅指示 ..............................................192

Makalu Clip Indicator Makalu 限幅指示...............................193

K2 Group Delay K2 群延迟.....................................................193

Makalu Group Delay Makalu 群延迟 ......................................195

STA/LTA Triggering

长、短项平均触发 ...................................196

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Makalu Dynamic Range & Noise Makalu 的动态范围和噪声 ... 197

Noise Testing for the Makalu Makalud 的噪声试验..............198

Stepped Sine Wave Test 阶梯正弦波试验..............................202

6. Advanced Installations 高级安装

Overview 总论..................................................................................... 205

External Sensors

EpiSensor ES-U................................................................. .................205

EpiSensor ES-T.............................................. .... ................................205

外接传感器........................................................... 205

Changing Internal EpiSensor Range & Voltage Levels on the K2

改变 K2 中内置 EpiSensor 的量程和电压水平...................... 206

Output Voltage Level输出电压水平 ..............................................208

Additional Jumper Settings

HypoSensor ........................................................................................210

Legacy FBA Instruments 传统的 FBA 仪器..................................... 212

FBA-23s .............................................................................................212

FBA-11s .............................................................................................212

Passive Seismometers 无源地震计 ................................................. 214

Connecting an SS-1 连接 SS-1........................................................214

SS-1 Connected to a Recorder without a Gain Board

将 SS-1 连接到未配置增益板的记录器..................................214

附加跳线设置......................................209

SS-1 Connected to a K2 or Makalu with Gain Board

将 SS-1 连接到配置有增益板的 K2 或 Makalu 记录器..........215

Active and Broad Band Seismometer 有源宽带地震计 ................ 216

Connecting a WR-1 to a K2 连接 WR-1 到 K2...............................216

Options on the Auxiliary Connector 关于辅助连接器的选项..... 216

Interconnected Units and Common Triggering

互连单元和公共触发.......................................................................216

Local Interconnect Method 局域互连方法 ..............................216

Parameter Settings for Interc onnected Units

互连单元的参数设置................................................................217

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Timing Considerations for Interconnected Units

互连单元的时间考虑..............................................................219

Master/Slave or Shared GPS Operation

主/从模式或分享 GPS 运行模式 ..............................................219

Extended Interconnect Option 扩展互连选项.........................220

Common Triggering 公共触发................................................220

Hardware Timing Options 硬件时间选项.......................................221

IRIG Connections IRIG（串行时间编码）连接........................221

IRIGIN IRIG 输入..................................................................222

IRIGOUT IRIG 输出................................................................222

K2 Fourth Channel Input
Hardware Alarms
Powering External Equipment

Controlling Power to External Telecomm Equipment

硬件警报器 .......................................................223

K2 的第四通道输入..............................222

外接设备供电...............................223

控制外接电话设备的电源............................................................223

Connection 连接.......................................................................224

Call-In/Call-Out Windows 呼进/呼出窗口..............................224

Using Call-In/Call-Out Windows for Timed Recording

用呼进/呼出窗口功能适时记录............................................224

Connecting An External Battery
User-Supplied Charging Systems
Advanced Telecommunications Options

Cellular Phone Connections 便携蜂窝式电话连接......................227

Digital Cellular Phones

连接外电池..................................224

用户提供的充电系统.............226

高级无线通讯选项 .......226

数字蜂窝式电话......................................228

ISDN Access
Frame Relay Access
Spread Spectrum Radios
Satellite Connections

ISDN 通道..................................................................228

帧中继传播通道 ..........................................228

展布频谱传输无线电...........................228

人造卫星连接..............................................229

Paging 传呼（呼名页面调度）.................................................229

Makalu & K2 Specifications

Makalu 和 K2 的特性.......................230

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Internal EpiSensor Specifications 内置 EpiSensor 摆的特性......233

7. Appendix A 附录 A

Formatted K2 Header File 规格化的 K2 头段文件 ..........235

8. Appendix B 附录 B

ID Bus Address Assignments ID 总线地址分配 .......................... 241

I.D. Group 1 第一 I.D.组................................................................241

I.D. Group 2
I.D. Group 3

第二 I.D.组 ................................................................242

第三 I.D.组 ................................................................242

9. Index 索引

Table of Figures 图名目录

Figure 1: K2 with its cover off 打开了盖的 K2 ......................................... 4

Figure 2: Shoulder strap and hooks (optional)

Figure 3: Inside the K2 K2 的内部 ............................................................. 6

Figure 4: 6-channel Makalu recorder 6-通道 Makalu 记录器................. 10

Figure 5: Mounting dimensions 安装尺寸................................................. 23

Figure 6: K2 mounted with sufficient working space 安装 K2

必需的最小工作空间............................................................... 24

Figure 7: Drilling a hole for the anchor bolt
Figure 8: Driving the anchor bolt and nut into the hole

杆和螺帽置入钻孔中

Figure 9: RS-232 cable assembly RS-232 电缆装配................................. 35

Figure 10: Internal battery 内置电池.......................................................... 37

Figure 11: Power supply assembly (PSA) 供电装置.................................. 38

Figure 12: Status display 状态显示............................................................ 41

Figure 13: Battery display 电池显示.......................................................... 41

Figure 14: Memory display 记忆显示........................................................ 42

Figure 15: Zero-adjusting an internal EpiSensor deck 内置

EpiSensor 装置的零位调节...................................................... 45

Figure 16: Connecting a GPS cable GPS 电缆连接 ................................... 48

Figure 17: Modem cable to connect to recorder unit 调制解调器

电缆连接记录器单元............................................................... 50

.................................................................. 28

肩带和挂钩(选件) .................... 5

钻锚着螺栓用孔 ....................... 27

将锚着螺

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Figure 18: Flow of data through Altus instruments 通过 Altus

仪器的数据流............................................................................55

Figure 19: Typical trigger filter response 典型的触发滤波器响

应................................................................................................62

Figure 20: Simplified flowchart of STA/LTA calculations

STA/LTA 计算的流程简图.......................................................66

Figure 21: EpiSensor functional test display EpiSensor 功能试

验的显示....................................................................................89

Figure 22: EpiSensor functional test display using firmware

released prior to August 1998

年 8 月前释放的

EpiSensor 功能试验.........................................90

Figure 23: Makalu functional test record

................................................................................................90

录

Figure 24: Internal battery components

用固件显示在 1998

Makalu 功能试验记

内置电池部件..........................122

Figure 25: EpiSensor fuses on an Makalu ADC/DSP board 在

Makalu 的 ADC/DSP 板上的 EpiSensor 熔断丝 ...................126

Figure 26: Block diagram of a recorder 记录器框图................................143

Figure 27: Simplified block diagram of an accelerometer 加速

度计的简化框图......................................................................144

Figure 28: Amplitude, phase, and step response

..............................................................................................149

响

Figure 29: X, Y and Z coordinates

X、Y 和 Z 的坐标方位...................151

振幅、相位频

Figure 30: Block diagram K2 ADC/DSP board (P/N 109440)

K2 的 ADC/DSP 板的框图(P/N 109440).............................153

Figure 31: Block diagram of Makalu 24-bit ADC/DSP board

(P/N 109590) Makalu 24-bit ADC/DSP 板的框图

(P/N 109590).............................................. .... ...... ...... ....... ...... .157

Figure 32: Spice model of Mak alu preamplifer response

Makalu 前置放大器的 Spice 模型

.......................................157

Figure 33: CS5322 filter response CS5332 滤波器响应..........................159

Figure 34: 109440 K2 ADC/DSP board
Figure 35: 109590 Makalu 24-bit ADC/DSP board

Makalu 24-bit ADC/DSP 板

109440 K2 ADC/DSP 板 ................161

109590

..................................................163

Figure 36: Block diagram of MCU system controller MCU系

统控制器框图..........................................................................165

Figure 37: Block diagram of PCMCIA board PCMCIA板框图..............167

Figure 38: Block diagram of power supply

供电框图 ................................170

Figure 39: QLWIN display of 50Vp-p signal 50 Vp-p 信号的

QLWIN 显示............................................................................193

Figure 40: Example of Makalu group delay test Makalu群延迟

试验实例..................................................................................196

Figure 41: PSD computation of noise test data 噪声实验数据的

PSD 计算..................................................................................1 98

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Figure 42: QLWIN display of noise test data 噪声试验数据的

QLWIN 显示 ............................................................................200

Figure 43: SMA display of baseline corrected noise test data

线校准噪声试验数据的 SMA 显示

.....................................200

基

Figure 44: Dynamic range calculation 动态范围计算 ..............................201

Figure 45: KWNTP histogram of Makalu noise Makalu 噪声的

KWNTP 直方图 .......................................................................202

Figure 46: Stepped sine wave – entire record

部记录

......................................................................................203

Figure 47: Stepped sine wave – 50v section

50V 部分记录

..........................................................................203

Figure 48: Stepped sine wave – 20µv section

μv 部分记录

..........................................................................204

阶梯正弦波—全

阶梯正弦波—

阶梯正弦波—20

Figure 49: EpiSensor feedback board EpiSensor 反馈板 ..........................207

Figure 50: Full-scale range jumper settings

满量程跳线设置.................208

Figure 51: Internal EpiSensor oscillator board 内置 EpiSensor

振荡器板..................................................................................209

Figure 52: Mating connector on downhole cable 700306

孔电缆 700306 的连接器

Figure 53: Connecting an FBA-11 to the K2

..........................................................................................214

连接

Figure 54: To connect an SS-1 to the K2

.......................................................212

FBA-11 与 K2 的

SS-1 与 K2 的连接 ...............215

匹配井

Figure 55: Interconnecting with the local interconnect method

用局部互连方法进行互相连接............................................218

Tables 列表目录

Table 1: Suggested offset limits 建议的偏移量值限制 ....................................43

Table 2: Trigger types and sampling rates
Table 3: F ile status codes

文件状态代码 ........................................................94

Table 4: Acceptable voltage ranges for an operating recorder 运行的记录器

可以接受的电压范围.................................................................................113

Table 5: Fuses and ratings

熔断丝和额定值.............................................126

Table 6: K2 system power requirements K2系统功率需要.....................171

Table 7: Makalu System power requirements Makalu系统功率需要......173

Table 8: EpiSensor static current drain from recorder power supply 从记录

器供电的 EpiSensor 静态电流消耗...........................................................174

Table 9: EpiSensor dynamic current drain EpiSensor动态电流消耗.......174

Table 10: RS-232C pin descriptions RS-232 接脚说明 ............................179

Table 11: External power connector descriptions

Table 12: Auxiliary pin descriptions 辅助接口接脚说明........................184

Table 13: External sensor input外接传感器输入......................................188

触发器型式和采样率.....................63

外接电源连接器说明 .......181

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Table 14: Corrections made by the MCU in the K2 用 K2 内的 MCU 做校

准 ................................................................................................................195

Table 15: Corrections made by the MCU in the Makalu 用 Makalu 内的

MCU 做校准 ..............................................................................................195

Table 16: Range/sensitivity calculations 量程/灵敏度计算 .....................206

Table 17: Output voltage-level jumper settings 输出电压水准跳线设置 209
Table 18: HypoSensor Connect ion 井下传感器

HypoSensor 连接......... 210

Symbols & T erms 符号和术语

These symbols may appear on Kinemetrics equipment or in this manual:

下述符号可能出现在 Kinemetrics 的设备上或本使用手册中：

安全 Safety

!

When you see this symbol, pay careful a tten t io n. Refer to the similarly marked,
relevant part of this manual before servicing the instrument.

当你看见这个符号时需加倍小心。在保养仪器前，请参考本手册类此标
记的相关部分。

This symbol means a low-noise earth ground. The noted item should be
grounded to ensure low-noise operation, and to serve as a ground return for
EMI/RFI and transients. Such a ground does not work a s a safety ground fo r
protection against electrical shock!

这个符号表示低噪声接地。应特别注意它应是保证低噪声运行和提供作
为 EMI/RFI 及瞬变接地回路的接地线。如此接地不是作为防护电冲击的
安全接地用的！

~ This symbol means an alternating current (AC) power line.

这个符号表示交流(AC)电源线。

This symbol means a direct current (DC) power line derived from an AC power
line.

这个符号表示源自交流(AC)电源的直流(DC)电源线。
This symbol indicates an electrostatic sensitive device (ESD), meaning that

when handling the marked equipment you should observe all standard
precautions for handling such de vices.

这个符号指示出了一个静电敏感设备器件装置(ESD)，当触摸有此标记的
装置时你必须遵守所有为触摸此类装置所需的常规预防措施。

CE

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL SAFETY I

This symbol indicates that a particular step/process or procedure is required to
ensure the installation maintains conformity to European requirements.

这个符号指示出了为保证安装维持对欧洲共同市场规定的遵从所需要的
独特的步骤/过程或程序。

These safety-related terms appear in this manual:
下列呈现在本文里的与安全相关的术语：
Note: Statements identify information that you should consider before

moving to the next instruction or choice.

注释：陈述指明你在做下一步指示或选择行动之前所应予考虑的信息。

Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in
damage to the equipment, the software, or other property.

告诫：陈述指明能够对设备、软件或其他物件产生危险的情况和
实践。

WARNING! statements identify conditions or p ractices that could
result in personal injury or loss of life.

警告！陈述指明能够产生人身伤害或生命损失的情况和实践。

Specific Precautions 特定预
防措施

Follow the precautions below to ensure your personal safety and prevent
damage to your Altus digital recorder.

遵从下面的预防措施可保障你的人身安全和防止你的 Altus 数字记录器的
损害。

The recorder is powered by an 18-24 VDC or 12 VDC sup plied by the power
supply assembly, from external batteries or from the solar charging system.
The recorder can also con tain an internal battery that can power the unit when
external power sour ces fail.

记录器由一个 18-24VDC 或 12VDC 电源装置供电，该装置可由外接电池
或太阳能充电系统提供。记录器也可装置内电池，一旦外电源失效它就
提供记录器用电。

Safety ii

PTIONAL POWER SUPPLY ASSEMBLY 可选的供电装置

O

If you plan to power the recorder from the mains supply, we recommend
Kinemetrics’ Power Supply A ssembly (PSA). Plug the PSA’s power cord into
AC outlets that will not apply more than 260 Vrms between the supply

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

conductors or between either supply conductor and ground. A protective
ground connection (provided throu gh the grounding conductor in th e PSA and
its power cord) is essential for safe operation. The PSA is designed for indoor
use only; it must not be subject to immersion in water, high humidity, or
temperatures above 70ºC.

若你计划从主电源给记录器供电，我们建议用 Kinemetrics 供电装置
(PSA)。供电装置(PSA)以市电交流输入，其两极间或极地间电压不得大

于 260Vrms。保护接地连接(通过在 PSA 及其电源线里的接地导线提供的)
对安全运行是必需的。供电装置(PSA)仅供室内使用，不能让它浸水，处
于高的湿度或大于 70°C 的温度中。

U

SER-SUPPLIED BATTERIES OR CHARGING SYSTEM 用户自己提供电池

或充电器

If you supply your own charging system, make sure the system provides the
correct voltage and current required by the recorde r. If you derive power fro m
the mains supply, make sure there is adequate grounding for all the equipment.
If you supply your own batteries, follow the warnings below.

若你提供你自己的充电系统，务须使该系统提供符合记录器需要的电压
和电流。若你由主电源供电，务须对所有设备都做好适当的接地。若你
提供你自己的电池，请遵从下面的警告。

I

NTERNAL BATTERY 内置电池

Follow the precaution s in this manual wh en handling and replacing th e intern al
battery. Metallic instruments of any kind could short the battery terminals,
resulting in fire or explosion. Do not drop the battery or attempt to disassemble
it. When charging the battery, use a properly rated charger and do not
overcharge the ba ttery. The only correct replacement b attery is a sealed lead­acid battery with relief vents and ratings comparable to the original battery.
Never use a non-rechargeable battery in the recorder.

当触碰和置换内置电池时，请遵从本手册中的预防措施。任何一种金属
工具都可能造成电池两极短路，产生失火或爆炸。不可摔打电池或试图
拆卸它。当给电池充电时，需用适当量值的充电器，并且不能对电池过
充电。唯一恰当的可置换电池是具有等同于原来的电池的排卸压气 孔和
额定值的密封铅酸电池。切切不可用非可充电电池装进记录器里。

ROUNDING THE RECORDER & SYSTEM 记录器和系统的接地

G

When using the PSA to power the recorder from the AC mains supply,
remember that the recorder is grounded through the PSA power cord. To avoid
electric shock, plug the PSA cord into a properly wired receptacle where the
protective earth ground has been verified . Do this verification before making
any power connections to the recorder.

当用 PSA 供电装置作为从 AC 主电源向记录器供电，请记住记录器是通
过 PSD 电源线接地的。为避免电冲击，PSA 电源线应插入已被证实是具
有接地保护的适合的插座内。在将任何电源连接到记录器之前务请核实
这点。

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL SAFETY III

USE THE PROPER POWER CORD 使用正规的电源线

Use the power cord and con nector supplied with PSA, or an equivalent IEC ­standard power cord. Be sure that it is in good condition.

请使用 PSA 提供的电源线和连接器，或等同的 IEC-标准电源线。确认它
处于最好的状态。

SE THE PROPER FUSES 使用正规的熔断丝

U

To avoid fire hazard, use on ly the fuses specified in Chapter 4, Maintenance
and Service. Match them by type, voltage rating and current rating. Fuses

should only be replaced by a qualified technician and the instru ment must be
disconnected from all power sources before touching the fuses.

为了避免火灾，仅可使用在第四章维护和服务中指明的熔断丝。使它们
与规定的型号、电压额定值及电流额定值相符。熔断丝只能由高素质的
技术人员去更换，并且在触碰熔断丝之前必须切断仪器的所有电源。

S

ENSOR CABLING & GROUNDING 传感器电缆架设和接地

In installations where sensors are mounted some distance from the recorder,
and where both sensors and the recorder are grounded locally, it is very
important to make sure that all connected units are grounded at the same
voltage. Otherwise, potentially lethal voltages could result on the connecting
cables.

当传感器被安装在与记录器有一定距离的场合，和当传感器与记录器都
在本地接地的场合，必定要使所有相连的单元接地电压相同，这一点十
分重要。否则，在连接电缆上可能产生潜在的致命电压。

D

O NOT OPERATE IN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES 不要在易爆大气环境

中运行

The recorder and the PSA provide no explosive protection from static
discharges or arcing components. Do not operate the equipment in an
atmosp here of e xplosive gases.

记录器和 PSA 都没有提供由于静电释放或电弧成分引致爆破的保护。不
能在易爆气体大气环境中操作这类设备。

Safety iv

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

Symbole & Begriffe

Sicherheit

Diese Symbole können auf Kinemetrics Geräte oder in diesen Manuel
erscheinen:

Bedeutet Achtung! Wenn sie dieses Symbol auf ein Gerät sehen, muss den

!

gleich markierten Teil dieses Manuels beachet werden. Bevor irgend eine
Unterhaltsarbeit angefangen wird, muss dieser Teil des Manuels gelesen
werden. Wenn Sie dieses Symbol sehen, bitte besondere Achtung ge ben.

Bedeutet Erdung. Das erwaente Teil sollte geerdet werden, um eine "low noise"
operation zu versichern, und dann auch als Erdung für EMI/ FRI und
Transienten und solch eine Erdung wird nicht als Sicherheit gegen elektrischen
Schock dienen!

~ Bedeutet Wechselstromzufuhr (AC) mit Elektroschock Gefahr.

Bedeutet Gleichstromzufuhr von AC Versorgung herkommend.

Bedeutet Elektrostatisch Sensibeles Element (ESD) für dessen Handhabung alle
vorbeugende Vorsichtsmassnahmen genommen werden müssen.

Dies Symbol zeig t an, daß ein spezieller V organg oder Prozedur nötig is t um

CE

sicher zu stellen, daß die Installation Europäischen Anforderungen genügt.
Folgende Darstellungen werden in diesen Manuel erscheinen:

Note: Darstellung welche Informationen Sie erhalten, die besonders beachtet

werden müssen, bevor sie zum nächsten Schritt gehen.

Caution: Darstellung bei dem die Missachtung in der Regel Gefahr für
Defekte und Störungen im Gerät, Programm oder Zubehör besteht.

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL SAFETY V

WARNING! Darstellung bei dem die Missachtung in der Regel
Verletzungs – oder Lebensgefahr be steht.

Spezielle vorbeugende
Massnahmen

Alle vorbeugende Massnahmen müssen beachtet werden für Ihre persönliche
Sicherheit, und um Schäden im K2 oder Makalu Digitales Aufzeichnungsgeraet
und System zu vermeiden.

S

TROMVERSORGUNG

Die Stromversorgung des digitales Aufzeichnungsgeraet braucht 18-24 VDC
(sehr wahrscheinlich vom optionellen Netz-Stromversorgungs/ Ladegerät),
oder 12VDC von Ihren eigenen externen Batterien oder Solar-Ladesystem. Die
Aufzeichnungsgeraet kann auch seine eigenen Batterie enthalten, welche dafür
entwickelt ist, um das System mit Strom zu versorgen, wenn die externe
Stromversorgung entfällt. Unbeachtet welche Stromverso rgung gebraucht wird,
müssen alle vorbeugende Massnahmen eingehalten werden.

O

PTIONELLES STROMVERSORGUNGS/LADEGERÄT

Falls geplant wird, die Aufzeichnungsgeraet mit dem Netz zu speisen,
empfehlen wir das Kinemetrics Stromversorgungs/Ladegerät (Power Supply
Assembly, PSA). Sie müssen dabei nur den PSA-Netzstecker einstecken (100­260VAC stufenlos). Die Erdung (mit der Erdungsleiter im Netzkabel) ist nötig
für gefahrlose Arbeit vom digitales Aufzeichnungsgeraet. Das PSA ist nur für
Innengebrauch, es darf nicht Wasser, hoher Luftfeuchtigkeit oder
Temperaturen über 70ºC ausgesetzt werden.

B

ATTERIEN ODER LADESYSTEM DURCH BENUTZER GELIEFERT

Falls sie ihr eigen es Ladesystem gebrauch en, müssen sie sicherst ellen, dass es
die durch das System benötigte Spannung und Strom liefert. Sie sind allein
verantwortlich für die Sich erheit ihres Ladesystems. Wenn sie das System mit
dem Netz speisen, müs ses Sie sicherstellen, da ss eine korrekte Erdung für das
ganze System vorhanden ist. Falls sie ihre eigene Batterien benutzen, müssen
sie die unterstehenden Warnu ng en beachten.

I

NTERNE BATTERIEN

Sie müssen die internen Batterien von Aufzeichnungsgeraet in voller
Uebereinstimmung mit den vorbeugenden Massnahmen, die diesen Manuel
beschrieben sind, handhaben und auswechseln. Sie müssen EXTREM
VORSICHTIG sein, um sicherzustellen, dass zwischen die Kontakte der
Batterie kein Kurzschluss entsteht. Es besteht Feuer-und Explosionsgefahr! In
keinem Fall sollten die Batterien geworfen oder auseinander genommen
werden. Wenn Sie die Batte rien aus dem Aufzeic hnungsgeraet entneh men, um
zu laden, dann müssen Sie ein entsprechendes Ladegerät gebrauchen, und
sicherstellen, dass die Batterien nicht überladen werden.

Safety vi

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

ERDUNG DES DIGITALES AUFZEICHNUNGSGERAET

UND SYSTEM

Wenn Sie das Stromversorgungs/Ladegerät gebrauchen, um die
Aufzeichnungsgeraet vom Netz zu speisen, dann erden sie die
Aufzeichnungsgeraet durch das Netzkabel mit der Erdung der Steckdose. Um
ein Elektroschock zu vermeiden, müssen sie sicherstellen, dass die Erdung der
Steckdose getestet ist. Tuen Sie dieses bitte ehe Sie das Aufzeichnungsgeraet
digitales Aufzeichnungsgeraet am Netz anschliessen.

G

EBRAUCH VOM EIGENEN NETZKABEL

Falls Sie das Stromversorgungs/Ladegerät gebrauchen, stellen Sie sicher, dass
nur das mitgelieferte Netzkabel (oder ein equivalentes IEC-standard Netzkabel)
gebraucht wird. Benutzen Sie nur ein Kabel in gutem Zustand.

G

EBRAUCH VON EIGENE SICHERUNGEN

Um Feuer zu vermeiden, gebrauchen Sie nur Sicherungen die im Kapitel 4 in
diesem Manuel besch rieben sind. Stellen sie sicher, das S pannung und Strom
übereinstimmen. Sicherungen sollten nur durch einen qualifizierten Techniker
ausgewechselt werden . Sie müssen sicherstellen, dass das Gerät nicht mehr an
eine Stromversorgung angeschlossen ist, bevor eine Sicherung ausgewechselt
wird.

V

ERKABLUNG UND ERDUNG VOM SENSOR

In Installationen, wo FBA Sensoren vom Aufzeichnungsgeraet entfernt
montiert sind und wo beide Sensoren und die Aufzeichnungsgeraet lokal
geerdet sind, ist es sehr wichtig, dass sichergestellt wird, dass alle
angeschlossenen Einheiten am gleichen Spannungspotential geerdet werden. Es
könnten anderenfalls gefährliche Spannungspot entiale im Kabel entstehen.

N

ICHT IN EXPLOSIONSGEFÄHRDETE UMGEBUNG GEBRAUCHEN

Der Aufzeichnungsgeraet und das Stromversorgungs/Ladegerät haben KEINE
EXPLOSIONS-SCHUTZ von statische Entladungen oder funkgefährdete
Bauteile. Gebrauchen sie die Geräte NICHT in Umgebungen m it explosi ve n
Gasen.

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL SAFETY VII

Símbolos & Términos

Estos símbolos podrían aparecer en los equipos Kinemetrics o en este manual:
Significa poner atencion! Cuando Usted vea este símbolo en el instrumento,

!

referirse a las partes de este manual marcadas similarmente. Antes de intentar
cualquier servicio en este instrumento, Usted tiene que leer las partes relevantes
de este manual. Si Usted ve este símbolo, ponga atención cuidadosamente.

Seguridad

Significa un polo a tierra de bajo ruido. El ítem referido debe estar polarizado
a tierra para asegurar la oper ación a bajo ruido y además sirv e como un retorno
a tierra para el EMI/RFI y transitorios. Tal polo a tierra no trabaja como un
polo a tierra de seguridad para protección contra choques eléctricos!

~ Significa una línea de energía de Corriente Alterna (AC).

Significa una línea de energía de Corriente Directa derivada de una línea de
energía AC.

Significa una Unidad Sensitiva a Electrostática (Electrostatic Sensitive Device
ESD), indicando que usted debe tener cuidado y observar todas las
precauciones para el manejo de tales unidades.

Significa que un paso de progresión un proceso o un procedimiento

CE

determinado está requerido para asegurar la instalación mantiene conformidad
a los requisitos europeos.

Estos términos aparecerán en este manual:
Note: sentencias identificando información que Usted debe considerar

cuidadosamente antes de dirigirse a la siguiente instrucción u opción.

Caution: sentencias identificando condiciones o practicas que podrían
resultar en daño del equipo, el software u otra propiedad.

WARNING! sentencias iden tificando condiciones o practicas que
podrían resultar en una lesión personal o la perdida de la vida.

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL SAFETY IX

Precauciones Específicas

Observe todas estas precauciones para garantizar su seguridad personal, y
prevenir el daño a cualquiera de los equipos en su Registrador y Sistema.

F

UENTE DE PODER

Para energizar el Registrador, usted necesita proveer 18-24 VDC (probable­mente derivado de la fuente principal de poder, opcional, Fuente de Poder/
Cargador (descrito más adelante) o 12 VDC suministrado desde su propias
baterías externas o sistema de carga solar. El Registrador además puede
contener su propia batería (descrito en detalle más adelante), el cual está
diseñado para energizar la unidad cuando las fuentes externas fallan.
Independiente de la fuente de poder que Usted use, usted tiene que ejercitar
todas las precauciones de seguridad necesarias.

UENTE DE PODER/CARGADOR OPCIONAL

F

Si Usted planea energizar el Registrador desde el suministro principal, nosotros
recomendamos la Fuen te de Poder/Cargador (Power Supply Assembly o PSA)
de Kinemetrics. Usted solo debe conectar el cable de energía del PSA al toma
corriente AC que no aplique más de 260 Vrms entre los conductores del
suministro o entre el conductor del sumin istro y el polo a tierra. Una conexión
con protección a tierra (pr ovista a tr avés d el conduc tor de tierra en la Fuen te de
Poder/Cargador y su Cable de Energía) es esencial para una operación segura
del registrador. El PSA está diseñado para uso en interiores únicamente; no
tiene que ser sujeto a inmersión en agua, alta humedad o temperaturas sobre
70ºC.

Safety x

S

ISTEMA DE CARGA O BATERÍA PROVISTO POR EL USUARIO

Si Usted provee su propio sistema de carg a, Usted tien e que esta r seguro que el
sistema proporciona el voltaje correcto y la corriente requerida por el sistema y
solamente Usted es responsable por la seguridad de su sistema de carga. Si
Usted deriva energ ía del suministro principal, Usted tiene que asegurarse que
ha provisto un polo a tierra ad ecuado a todo el equipo . Si Usted su ministra sus
propias baterías, Usted debe seguir las advertencias proporcionadas más
adelante.

B

ATERÍAS INTERNAS

Usted debe manejar y reemplazar las baterías internas del Registrador en
completa concordancia con las precauciones en este manual. Usted debe
ejercitar MAS PRECAUCION para asegurarse que los terminales de las
baterías no están en corto circuito por ningún instrumento metálico de ningún
tipo. Fuego y explosión puede resultar! Bajo ninguna circunstancia Usted
dejará caer las baterías o intentará desensamblarlas. Si Usted toma las baterías
fuera del Registrador para cargarlas, Usted tiene que usar un cargador ajustado
apropiadamente y ti ene que tomar el cuidado de no sobre cargarlas.

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

POLARIZANDO EL REGISTRADOR DIGITAL Y SISTEMA

Si Usted usa la Fuente de Poder/Cargador para energizar el Registrador desde
el suministro principal de AC, entonces Usted esta polarizando el Registrador a
través del Cable de En ergía corriendo desde el toma corrien te AC a la Fuente
de Poder/Cargador. Para evitar choques eléctricos, conecte el Cable de la
Fuente de Poder/Carg ador en un receptáculo aprop iadamente alambrado don de
el polo a tierra de protección ha sido verificado. Haga esta verificación antes de
hacer ninguna conexión de energía a el registrador digital.

U

SE EL CABLE DE ENERGÍA APROPIADOS

Si Usted usa la Fu ente de Poder/Cargador, a segúrese que Usted us a solamente
el Cable de Energía y conector suministrado con esa Fuente de Poder/Cargador
(o un cable de energía estándar IEC equivalente). Use solamente un Cable de
Energía que este en buenas condiciones.

SE LOS FUSIBLES APROPIADOS

U

Para evitar la amen aza de fueg o, use solamen te los fus ibles especi ficados en la
Maintenance & Service sección de este manual. Asegúrese de cotejarlos por
tipo, tasa de voltaje y tasa de corriente. Los fusibles deben ser únicamente
reemplazados por un técnico calificado y Usted debe asegurarse que el instru­mento esta desconectado de toda fuente de energía antes de tocar los fusibles.

C

ABLEADO Y POLARIZADO DEL SENSOR

En instalaciones donde los sensores están montados a cierta distancia desde el
Registrador, y donde ambos sensores y el Registrador están polarizados a tierra
localmente, es muy importante estar seguro que todas las conexiones están
polarizadas a tierra al mismo voltaje. De otra manera, p otencialmente voltajes
letales podrían resultar en los cables de conexión.

N

O OPERAR EN ATMÓSFERAS EXPLOSIVAS

El Registrador y la Fuente de Poder/Cargador NO provee PROTECCION
EXPLOSIVA para descargas estáticas o componentes que generen arcos
eléctricos. NO operar el equipo en una atmósfera de gases explosivos.

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL SAFETY XI

Symboles & T erminologie

Les symboles suivant peuvent figurer sur les équipements Kinemetrics ou dans
ce manuel:

Sécurité

!

Signifie Attention! Quand vous rencontrez ce symbole sur un instrument,
veuillez vous référer à la section de ce manuel signalée par la même marque.
Avant même d’effectuer la première opér ation sur l’ instru ment, vous d evez lire
la section correspondante de ce manuel. Faite attention si vous voyez cet
symbole.

Indique une mise à la terre "faible bruit". Les objets portant cette marque
doivent être reliés à la terre afin d’assurer un fonctionnement optimal. Elle est
aussi utilisée pour les éléments de protection contre les interférences
magnétiques, les perturbations hautes fréquences radio et contre les surtensions.
Cette mise à terre n’est pas une mise à terre de sécurité pour une prot ection
contre les choques électriques!

~ Indique une alimentation en courant alternatif (AC).

Indique une Alimentation en courant continu (DC) dérivée d’une alimentation
alternative

Indique la présence d’un composant sensible aux décharges électrostatiques
(ESD), Cela signifie qu’il faut observer toutes les précautions d’usage en
manipulant ce composant.

CE

Le symbole indique qu’une procédure est requise pour s’assurer que
l’installation est conforme à la réglementation Européenne.

Les termes suivant apparaissent dans ce m anuel:
Note: Indique la présence d’une information que vous devez

particulièrement considérer avant de passer à la prochaine instruction
or operation.

Caution: Indique une condition ou opération qui peut entraîner des
dommages à votre équipement, au logiciel ou à d’autres propriétés .

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL SAFETY XIII

WARNING! Indique une condition ou opération qui pe ut e nt raîner des
blessures corporelles ou la perte de la vie.

Précautions Spécifiques

Observez toutes les précautions su ivantes afin d’assu rer votre sécurité p erson­nelle et de prévenir des dégâts aux composants de votre Système et
Enregistreur Numérique.

A

LIMENTATION

Pour alimenter votre Enregistreur Numérique, vous devez fournir 18-24 VDC
(probablement dérivé du réseau principal, ou en utilisant
l’alimentation/chargeur décrit ci-dessous), ou du 12 VDC fourni par votre
propre batterie externe ou système d’alimentation solaire. Le Enregistreur est
aussi équipé de sa propre batterie interne (décrit ci-dessous), qui permet
d’alimenter le système en cas de perte d’alimentation externe. Vous devez
observer toutes les précautions de sécurité pour toutes les différentes
possibilités d’alimentation.

PTION ALIMENTATION/CHARGEUR

O

Si vous désirez alimenter votre Enreg istreur par le réseau, nous recommandons
l’utilisation de l’alimentation/chargeur fourni par Kinemetrics (PSA). Vous
devez connecter le cordon d’alimentation du PSA uniquement dans une prise
Alternative ne délivrant pas plus que 260 Vrms entre deux conducteurs ou entre
un conducteur et la terre. Une mise à la terre de protection (mise à disposition
au travers du conducteur de terre de l’alimentation/chargeur and du cordon
d’alimentation) est essentielle for un fonctionnement en toute sécurité de l’
enregistreur numérique. Le PSA est prévu pour une utilisation en intérieur
uniquement; il ne doit pas être immergé dans de l’eau, dans une haute humidité
ambiante ou une température de plu s d e 70 ºC.

A

UTRES BATTERIES ET CHARGEURS

Au cas où vous utilisez votre propre chargeur, vous devez vous assurer que
votre système délivre une tension correcte et le courant requis par le
Enregistreur. Dans ce cas, vous être seul responsable pour la sécurité de votre
chargeur. Si vous branchez votre système de charge sur le réseau de
distribution principal, vous devez vous assurer d’installer les mises à terre
adéquates pour tout votre equipement. Si vous utilisez vos propres batteries
vous deve z vous référer aux avertissements ci-dessous.

B

ATTERIES INTERNES

Safety xiv

Vous devez manipuler et remplacer les batteries internes du Enregistreur en
respectant pleineme nt l es p récau tion s inc lues d ans ce manu el. Vo us d evez faire
PARTICULIEREMENT ATTENTION de ne pas court-circuiter les cosses des
batteries avec u ne pièce métallique quelconqu e. Cela pourrait provoquer des
incendies et explosions! En aucun cas vous ne devez laisser tomber les batteries

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

ou essayer de les démonter. Si vous enlevez les batteries du Enregistreur, afin
de les recharger, vous devez ajuster le courant de charge correctement et devez
prendre soins de ne pas surcharger les batteries.

M

ISE À TERRE DU SYSTÈME ENREGISTREUR NUMÉRIQUE

Dans le cas où vous utilisez l’alimentation / chargeur pour alimenter le
Enregistreur à partir du réseau, alors, la mise à terre est connectée au travers du
cordon d’alimentation et le la prise AC au chargeur. Afin d’éviter les chocs
électriques, branchez le cordon d’alimentation dans une prise correctement
câblée et dont la terre a été préalablement vérifiée. Cette vérification doit être
effectuée avant tou te connexion de l’alimenta tion et de enregistreur numérique.

TILISATION DU CORDON D’ALIMENTATION APPROPRIÉ

U

Si vous utiliser l’alimentation / chargeur, assur ez-vous d’utiliser le cordon et le
connecteur distribue avec l’alimentation (ou une cordon équivalent au sens des
normes CEI). Utilisez uniquement un cordon en bon état.

R

EMPLACEMENT DES FUSIBLES

Afin d’éviter tou t risque d’incendie, utilisez uniquement les fus ibles spécifiés
dans la section "Maintenance & Service" de ce manuel. Assurez vous que le
type, la tension ainsi que le courant limite correspondent. Les fusibles doivent
être remplaces par un tech nicien qualifié, et il faut s’assurer que l’ins trument
est complètement débranche de toute source d’alimentation avant de toucher
aux fusible.

C

ÂBLAGE ET MISE À LA TERRE DES CAPTEURS

Pour les installatio n où les cap teurs sont in stallés à dis tance du En registreur, et
dans le cas où les capteurs et le Enregistreur sont mis à la terre localement, il
est important de s’assurer que toutes les parties sont mises à terre au même
potentiel. Des courants fatals dans les câbles de connexion peuvent résulter
d’une mauvaise installation.

N

E PAS UTILISER EN ATMOSPHÈRE EXPLOSIVE

Le Enregistreur et sont alimentation NE COMPRENNENT PAS DE
PROTECTION CONTRE LES EXPLOSIONS contre les décharges statiques
ou contre les composants pouvant provoquer des arcs. NE PAS utiliser ces
composants en présence de gaz explosifs.

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL SAFETY XV

Overview 总论

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

1. Getting Started
启动

This User's Guide contains instructions and info rmation pertaining to bo th the
Altus K2 and Makalu (formerly known as the Everest) digital recorders,
however there are certain significant differences between them. In order to
make this information as clear as possible, the core of this manual is written in
reference to the K2. All instances where the Makalu differs from the K2 are
clearly identified and those differenc es are specified in detail.

本使用指南包含关于 Altus K2 和 Makalu(以前已知为 Everest)数字记录器
两者的指示和信息，当然它们之间是有些显著差异的。为了使信息尽可
能的清晰，参考 K2 编写了本手册的核心。 在 Makalu 不同于 K2 的地方
所有实例都被清楚指明，并且详细地阐述了那些差异。

Chapters 1 and 2 describe how to install a recorder with several peripheral
instruments and devices. Chapter 3 describes the configuration and operatio n of
the instruments. Chapter 4 describes the recommended maintenance and
service of recorders. Chapter 5 provides a technical system overview as well as
a summarized description of overall operation. Chapter 6 discusses advanced
installation procedures.

第 1 和第 2 章叙述了如何安装记录器与几种外围仪器和装置。第 3 章叙述
了仪器的设置和操作。第 4 章叙述了推荐的记录器的维护和服务。第 5 章
提供了技术系统总览以及全部运行的综合说明。第 6 章则讨论了高级的
安装程序。

The included QuickTalk & QuickLook Software User's Guide provides
instructions for use of the QuickTalk & QuickLook software interfaces.

包括了 QuickTalk & QuickLook 软件的使用指南提供对于 QuickTalk &
QuickLook 软件界面的使用指引。

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 1

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Note: Users who wish to develop their own software to retrieve data from and
control their recorders should be sure they have the latest versions of the Altus

Block Mode Communication manual (Doc. 302218) and the Terminal Mode
Communication manual (Doc. 302219). Contact Kinemetrics for this

documentation.

注释：期望开发从记录器回收数据并控制记录器的用户应该肯定要有

Altus Block Mode Communicatio n手册(Doc.302218)和 Terminal Mode
Communication 手册(Doc.302219)的最新版本。若须此文件则可与
Kinemetrics 公司联系。

The following manuals might also be included in this binder, depending on the
recorder options purchased:

下列手册或许也包含在本文件夹里，这取决于所购买的记录器选项：

 The Al tus GPS Timing Systems User's Guide, Doc. 302205 (the six-

channel Makalu does not accommodate an exter nal GPS option at this
time) (外接 GPS 选项在 6 通道 Makalu 上不适用)

 Altus Gain Board Operation Instr uctions, Doc. 302206
 Altus Block Mode Communications Manual, Doc. 302218
 Termi nal M ode Com mu ni cat io ns Manu al, Doc. 302219
 EpiSensor User Guide, Doc. 301900

Kinemetrics is committed to ensuring a successful installation. For assistance
with planning, installation, operation or maintenance for a recorder installation,
please contact us . Kinemetrics also has an extensive S ervices Group that can
install and maintain instruments and analyze data.

Kinemetrics 公司有责任使仪器安装必然成功。若需本公司协助对记录器

安装进行计划、架设、操作或维护，请接触我们。Kinemetrics 公司也还
设有一个全面的服务组织，她能够为用户安装和维护仪器并分析数据。

For technical questions and assistance, please e-mail [e-mail]

.

要有技术问题和希望帮助，请电邮 [e-mail] 。
Note: Although this manual describes some basic preventive maintenance, it

is not intended as a service or repair manual.

注： 虽然本手册介绍了一些基础的预防维护知识，但不能算作是一本

服务或修理手册。

Introduction 概述

2

The Kinemetrics K2 is a self-contained, four-channel (optionally, six- or
12-channel) digital record er. When configured as an accelerogr aph, it typically

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

includes an internal triaxial force-balance accelerometer (EpiSensor) and a
built-in GPS timing system.

Kinemetrics 公司的 K2 仪器是一个自包容的 4-通道(可选 6-获 12-通道)数

字记录器。当配置作加速度仪用时，它典型地包含一个内置三轴向力平
衡式加速度计和一个内置 GPS 时间系统。

The Kinemetrics Makalu digital recorder features a three-channel,
24-bit ADC/DSP board that offers approximately 129 dB of dynamic range at
200 sps. The dynamic range increases as the sample rate is decreased.

Kinemetrics 公司的 Makalu 仪器具备了在 200sps 时提供动态范围大约
129dB 的 3-通道、24-bitADC/DSP 板的特性。在采样率减少时动态范围增
大。

The Makalu is available as a three- or six-channel recorder only and is not
offered with an internal accelerometer. It functions as a 3- or 6-channel
seismological or strong motion recorder.

Makalu 不提供内置加速度计，仅可能作 3-或 6-通道记录器用。它可作为
3-或 6-通道地震或强震动记录器使用。

In general terms, a recorder functions in this way: as the sensors pick up
ground acceleration or velocity signals, the recorder continuously monitors
those signals to see if they satisfy seismic-event-detection criteria. When the
signals satisfy these criteria, the recorder stores them as event data on a
PCMCIA card for later retrieval.

一般说，在这里记录器运行：作为传感器拾取场地加速度或速度信号，
同时记录器连续监测那些信号以注意它们是否满足地震事件判定标准。
当该信号满足这些准则，记录器即将它们作为事件数据存储在 PCMCIA
卡上以备过后回收。

Event data can be retrieved remotely via modem or telemetry, or by a visit to
the recorder site. The recorder can also transmit a continuous stream of digital
data in real time.

事件数据可经由调制解调器或遥测技术远程回收，或者到记录器所在现
场访问回收。该记录器也能够实时传输连续的数字数据流。

To set-up and retrieve data requi res an IBM-compatible PC running Windows
2000, Windows NT 4.0, Windows 98 o r Windows ME. For you r convenience,
the programs will also run under Windows 95 or 3.1

为了设置和回收数据需要配置运行 Windows2000,Windows NT

4.0,Windows 98,或 Windows ME 的 IBM 兼容的 PC 计算机。为使您便利，
该程序也可在 Windows 95 或 3.1 之下运行。

This avoids the expense of a specialized dedicated playback system.
这免去了专用回放系统的花费。

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 3

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Typically, the watertight case contains the following components:
典型地，防水密封外盒包含下列部件：

 System electronics 系统电子器件
 P CM CIA data storage modules which conform to Personal Computer

Memory Card International Association standa rds
(PC card) PCMCIA 数据存储模块(PC 卡)

 A battery 电池
 EpiSensors (optional on the K2 and unavailable on the Makalu)

EpiSEnsor (在 K2 上可选，在 Makalu 上不能用)

These components are illustrated in Figure 1, which shows a typical K2 with
the cover open. 这些部件显示在图 1 里，图 1 示出了典型的打开了盖的
K2 仪器。

Note: Please read the Inspecting the Recorder section of this chapter before

unpacking and examining the recorder. 注：在拆包和检查记录器之前请读

本章检查记录器一节。

Figure 1: K2 with its cover off

图 1 打开盖的 K2

4

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

图 2 肩带和挂钩（选件）

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

An optional shoulder strap may be purchased, which allows the unit to be
carried to remote field locations on foot. Figure 2 shows the strap and the
shoulder strap hooks to which it attaches.

可以购买肩带选件，这样可方便地将仪器背到偏远野外现场。图 2 示出
了肩带和所附的挂钩。

Figure 2: Shoulder strap and hooks (optional)

The Kinemetrics PSA (power supply assembly) option is normally supplied
with the unit. Kinemetri cs 公司的 PSD(供电装置)选项一般随记录器一起提
供。

Caution: Potential equipment damage. Read through the rest of these
instructions and those in the Safety section before plugging the power supply
into the AC mains.

告诫：

潜在的设备损害。在将仪器接上 AC 主电源之前请读遍本处和安

全章节的余下的指引。

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 5

图 3 K2的内部

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Figure 3: Inside the K2

A typical K2 contains the following elements:
典型的 K2 包括如下部件：

 Telephone or ISDN: Internal PCMCIA modem connection.

电话或 ISDN：内置 PCMCIA 调制解调器连接。

 P ower Switc h: Toggle switch that either turns the K2 on or to a

standby state. Its two possi ble positions are labeled OP ER and STBY.
In OPER mode, the power is applied to all circuitry; in STBY mode,
the power is disconnected from most electronics, but still flows to
some critical time -keeping circuits. Power to the K2 is not truly turned
off unless all power sources are disconnected.

电源开关：拨动开关，不是接通 K2 就是待机状态。这两个可能
的位置相应地标志为 OPER 或 STBY。在 OPER 模式时，电源向
所有电路供电；在 STBY 模式时，对多数电子电路切断供电，祗

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仍然对一些紧要的时间保持回路供电。除非所有供电源都切断，
否则 K2 的供电是没有真正被切断的。

 Optional Board (one of two): Additional external input board for

sensor inputs or the extended GPS system interface.

选择板(两块之一)：为传感器输入或扩展的 GPS 系统板的附加外

输入板。

 External Power Port (labeled EXT. POWER): Where external power

sources plug into the recorder.
外接电源口(标记为 EXT.POWER)：外电源接入记录器的地方。

 Fuses: Protect the K2 from electrical overloads.

熔断丝：K2 的电力过载保护。

 Graphic Display: Eight LEDs and their labels provide visual

information about the status of the K2, its ba ttery, the power-supply,
and the available memory storage space.

图形显示：8 个 LED 发光二极管和对应标签提供关于 K2、电
池、供电及可用存储空间的可视信息。

 Case Grounding Stud: Connects the K2 to a good earth ground to

protect against ESD (electrostatic discharge) and lightning - induced
transients, and ensure low-noise performance.

机壳接地螺栓：连接 K2 至一个接地良好的场地，以做到抗
ESD(静电释放)和瞬间闪电感应，并保证低噪声性能。

 RS-232 Port: Connects the recorder to a PC via an RS-232 cable (P/N

109475).
RS-232 口：用 RS-232 电缆(P/N109475)将记录器连接到 PC 计算

机。

 Auxiliary Port: Access to one of several input/output connections to

provide advanced features.
辅助口：有权使用几种输入/输出连接之一以提供高级特性。

 Optional Board(s): An external input connector or an extended EPS

board can be installed in one of the two optional board positions.
External sensors connect to the K2 through an option al external sensor
I/O board.

选择板：一个外接输入连接器或一个扩展 EPS 板，能够被安装在
两个选择板位置之一。

 The GPS connector allows a GPS antenna to be plugged into the K2

to provide an accurate timing signal.
GPS 连接器允许将 GPS 天线插进 K2 以提供精确时间信号。

 Micro-Controller Unit (MCU) Board: Receives data from the system's

sensors via the ADC/DSP (analog-to-digital converter/digital signal

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DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

processor), and decides whether the PCMCIA board should store that
data. The MCU board also controls all interactions with the K2's
communication ports.

微控制单元板(MCU)：经由 ADC/DSP(模数转换器/数字信号处理
器)从系统的传感器接收数据，并决定 PCMCIA 板是否存储该数
据。MCU 板也还控制与 K2 通信口的所有相互作用。

 P CMCIA Board: Contains interface electronics for the PCMCIA slots

(A, B or alternate B, mentioned below).
PCMCIA 板：包含 PCMCIA 槽口(A,B 或替换的 B，下面提及)的

接口电子电路。

 Slot A (and B): PCMCIA slots for the SanDisks (or PCMCIA

hardware) on which the recorder saves event data. Data is saved until
you retrieve and delete it.

槽口 A(和 B)：为 SanDisks 卡(或 PCMCIA 卡)用的 PCMCIA 槽
口。记录器保存事件数据在 PCMCIA 卡上。

 Alte rnate Slot B: An optional PCMCIA modem can be installe d in

this slot (in which case Slot B should not contain a data storage
module).

替换槽口 B：一个可选用的 PCMCIA 调制解调器能够被安装在这
个槽口里(在这种情况里，槽口 B 应不包含一个数据模块)。

 ADC/DSP (analog-to-digital converte r/digital s ignal proces sor) Board:

Digitizes analog signals from the sensors and processes them before
sending data to the MCU board. Optional gain board(s) attach here.

ADC/DSP(模数转换器/数字信号处理器)板：数字化从传感器来的

模拟信号，并在输送数据到 MCU 板之前将它们处理。可选的增

益板隶属此处。

 Optional Cable Harness: Connects to an internal EpiSensor deck (K2s

only) or to an external inpu t connector at one end, and to a connector
on one of the ADC/DSP boards at the other end. Each harness can
carry three channels of analog data into the K2. With the proper
fittings, up to four triaxial EpiSensors or seismometers can be
connected to the same K2.

选择的成套电缆：一端连接内置 EpiSensor 装置(仅对 K2)或一个
外接输入连接器，另一端与 ADC/DSP 板之一上的连接器连接。
每一个套具 harness 可令三个通道模拟数据进入 K2。用适当的装
置，可使多到 4 台三轴向 EpiSensor 或地震计与同样的 K2 连接。

 Bubble Level, Calibrating Tool and EpiSensor Deck Cover: The deck

cover prevents dust and other particles from contamin ating the
internal EpiSensor and the bubble level and calibrating tool are used
for zero adjustment. (The Makalu has no bubble level or deck cover
because it does not use internal EpiSensors. Gain boards in the
Makalu are installed in this location.

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气泡水准器、校准工具和 EpiSensor 装置盖：装置盖是为防止尘
埃和其他微粒污染内置 EpiSensor，气泡水准器和校准工具是用
于零位调节。（Makalu没有气泡水准器或装置盖，因为它不用内
置 EpiSensor。在里增益板安装在这个位置。）

Caution: Potential performance degradation. The EpiSensor deck cover
provides grounding for the EpiS e n sor deck. Make sure it is attached during
normal operation for the lowest noise performance.

告诫：潜在性能降级。EpiSensor 装置盖提供该装置的接地。当适合于
低噪声性能正常运行时请确认接地良好。

 Batter y: Pr ovides approxim atel y 30 hours of power if the AC mains

supply is interrupted or fails.

电池：若 AC 主电源中断或失效，仪器内电池可供电约 30 小
时。

Note: Actual power autonomy is dependent on the options installed.

注释：实际功率自治权取决于被安装的选项。

The Makalu

The Makalu is similar to the K2 in both function and appearance. The photo
below shows a 6-channel Makalu. The ADC/DSP boards are different and
there is a plug-in PCB shield installed in the third slot of the card cage.

Makalu 在外观和功能上都与 K2 相似。下面的照片示出 一个 6-通道
Makalu。ADC/DSP 板是不同的，并且有一个插入式 PCB 屏蔽被安装在卡
盒的第三槽口内。

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图 4 6-通道 Makalu 记录器

Figure 4: 6-channel Makalu recorder

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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE MAKALU & K2

Makalu 和 K2 间的不同之处

 Data is recorded to full 24-bit precision. The least significant bit (LSB)

is not used as a clip ind icator. The clip indicator has been moved to
the frame header. New versions of the support software support this
change.

数据是以完整 24-位精度记录。不用最低有效位(LSB)作为限幅指
示器。限幅指示器已从帧头段除去。支持软件的新版本支持了这
个改变。

 The in put ful l-scale range is 40Vp-p (+/- 10V differential, each side).

This range is compatible with external EpiSensors with the low-noise
post-amp configured for high g ain and differential operation. Other
broadband sensors and seismic recording instrument manufacturers
also support this range.

输入满量程是 40Vp-p(+/-10V 差分，每边)。这个量程是与具有低
噪声后放大设置为了高增益和差分运行用的外接 EpiSensor 兼容
的。另外一些宽带传感器和地震记录仪器制造业者也支持这个量
程。

 Either o ne or tw o Makalu 3-channel, 24-bit ADC/DSP boar ds can be

installed in the card cage. A plug-in shield board is installed in the
third slot in the card cage to reduce system-induced noise.

任何一个或两个 Makalu 3-通道、24 位 ADC/DSP 板能装在卡盒
中。一个插入式屏蔽板则装在卡盒的第三槽口里以减少系统感应
噪声。

 The Makalu can be used with gain boards. They are installed in the

location reserved for EpiSensors in the K2.
Makalu 能装增益板用。增益板是装在 K2 里为 EpiSensor 保留的

位置。

 The 4t h cha nnel ADC input is not available via the Auxiliary

connector. The Makalu ADC/DSP board is based on a 3-channel
configuration

经过辅助连接器不可能作为第 4 通道 ADC 输入的。Makalu
ADC/DSP 是基于 3-通道配置的。

 The ADC section is fully isolated to mitigate system-level grounding

problems
为减轻系统级的接地问题，ADC部分是被完全隔离的。

 Internal EpiSensor decks and PCMCIA hard drives are not offered

due to the increased dynamic range of the recorder

由于增加记录器的动态范围，记录器不再提供内置 EpiSensor 装
置和 PCMCIA 硬驱。

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 The External GPS Option is currently not offere d in the 6-channel

version. The connector location normally reserved for this feature is
used for channels 4-6

在 6-通道的情况下，一般不提供外接 GPS 选项。

 Other than the 40Vp-p input, all other characteristics of the I/O

connectors are identical to the K2
除了 40Vp-p 输入外，I/O 连接器的其它特性都与 K2 相同。

 A Calibrate command has been added to the DG menu; however, this

is intended for fact ory use only. Do not use the Calibrate command.
There are sufficien t chances to cancel the command if it is
inadvertently issued. This comma nd all ows firmware calibration to

0.1% accuracy of ADC span.

校准命令已经加进 DG 菜单，不过这只是为工厂使用而设置的。
请不要使用校准命令。

PTIMIZING MAKALU PERFORMANCE 优化 MAKALU 的性能

O

Kinemetrics suggests that an AQ OFF/AQ ON sequence be issued after the
Makalu has been allowed to stabilize its internal temperature and well after
GPS has been acquired. This will establish the zero-level of the ADC to the
best value possible — typically less than 500µV.

Kinemetrics 公司建议在允许 Makalu 稳定它的内部温度和 GPS 已经很好之

后，发布 AQ OFF/AQ ON 序列。这将使 ADC 的零位水准认定为可能最
佳值——典型地小于 500μV。

In order to achieve the best timing accuracy, we also strongly reco mmend that
the GPS receiver be left on continuously.

为了获得最佳的时间精度，我们也强烈地建议 GPS 接收器保持连续工
作。

Inspecting the Recorder 观察、检查记
录器

Inspect the recorder as follows: 检查记录器如下：

1. Look at Figures 1-3 to familia rize your self with th e record er. 观看图 1-3 ，
以使你熟悉记录器。

2. Carefully remove the recorder from its shipping container. Save the
container and packing materials if the recorder will be shipp ed further. 小

心地从运输包装箱中移出记录器。保留包装箱和包装材料以备将来运
输再用。

12

3. Open the four flip-up latches. 打开仪器盒盖的四个上翻锁扣。

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DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

4. Ca refully remove the cover. 小心地移去上盖。

5. Visually compare the recorder contents with the drawings, inspect the
components for obvious damage such as loose screws, bent metalwork, and

so on. 用图对照观察比较记录器内部，检查是否有明显损伤的部件诸
如螺丝松动、金属构件歪斜等等。

6. Make sure the PCMCI A card or cards are properly seated. The PCMCIA
slots are in the front third of the recorder's interior, and the cards should
already be in the slots with the card-release buttons sticking up above the
slots. The card-release button s should b e in th e up (o r "fi lled ") p ositi on. 确

证 PCMCIA 卡或另外的卡都已适当固定。PCMCIA 槽口是记录器内部
前数第三个槽口，并且卡已装入槽内，卡的释放按钮处于槽口上方，
这时卡的释放按钮应在向上的(或“被填充”)位置。

If the recorder is equipped with an internal PCMCIA modem, it will be in
"Alternate slot B" on the rear of the PCMCIA board. There will be a label in

slot B warning you not to insert a PCMCIA card. 若记录器装有内置
PCMCIA 调制解调器，该 modem 则应置于 PCMCIA 板背面上“替换槽口
B”内。这时在槽口 B 内将会有一个标志警告你不能置入 PCMCIA 卡。

Handling Precautions 预防触摸危险

Caution: Potential ESD equipment damage. The recorder circuit boards
contain CMOS components that can be damaged by electrostati c disc harge

!

(ESD) if not properly handled. Use a gro un d e d wrist strap, with impedance of
approximately 1 MΩ, to protect components from ESD damage when handling
circuit boards. Before removing any circuit boards or disconnecting any
internal cables, be sure that all batteries and the charger are disconnected.

告诫：

潜在 ESD 设备损害。记录器电路板上含有 CMOS 元件，如果触摸

不恰当，这些元件极易受到静电释放(ESD)损坏。戴上一个具有约 1MΩ
电阻的接地腕带，在触碰电路板时可以保护元器件免受 ESD 危害。在移
动任何电路板或拆下任何内部电缆之前，务须确证所有电池及充电器均
被切断。

If there is no obvious damage, proceed with the installation instructions. Please
work through the following section carefully so that the recorder installation

will accomplish your scientific objectives. 若未见明显损坏，可按安装指示

继续进行。请小心地干完下一节，就可完成记录器安装，实现你的科学
目标。

Installation Considerations 安装需要考
虑事项

This section discusses recording network setup and operating m ode s.

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DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

本节讨论记录网络设置和运行方式。

Network Planning 台网设计

Carefully consider the scientific objectives of the installation when planning
the network, whether it includes one station or a hundred. 当做台网设计时，
不论它是包含一台或是一百台都要谨慎考虑科学目标。

The station location, type and position of sensors, and instrument settings all
affect the type of data recorded. Consider local seismic-noise conditions and
the anticipated amplitud e o f even ts being record ed . This wil l help you correctl y
set trigger parameters, estimate the quantity of data expected, and decide how
to retrieve the data. 台站地点、传感器型式和位置，及仪器设置全都影响

记录数据的形式。应考虑当地地震噪声环境状况和有记录的事件的预期
振幅。这将帮助你正确设置触发参数、估计预期数据的量值，以及决定
如何回收数据。

It’s also necessary to plan how to analyze, combine, and archive data, as well
as how to service and maintain the netwo rk. Fina lly, con sider how th e netwo rk
will function after a large event, when mains power and telecommunications
might not be available for a considerable time. Under such circumstances, how
do you plan to retrieve and process the network's data, as well as continue

operating it? 设计如何对数据进行分析、联合和归档，以及如何服务和

维护台网也都是必需的。最后，应考虑在大事件发生后致使主电源和电
讯中断且会保持一段时间的情况下台网如何运行。在此境况下你将如何
设计回收和处理台网的数据，以及继续运行台网。

14

Civil Engineering 土建工程

Before installing the record er, pl an and constru c t (if n ece s sary) th e housing tha t
will provide a protective infrastructure for the unit. The exact details of the
installation depend on local conditions, local regulations , and the purposes of

the installation. 在安装记录器之前，设计和建造仪器柜室将为仪器提供

一个保护的环境条件。仪器安装的准确详细资料依靠当地状况、地方规
章，及安装的意图。

Except in cases of a rapid emergency deployment of seismic instruments, the
recorder should be housed in a pro tective structure. Below are the two typical
types of installation setti ngs and related protec tive stru ctures . They c an be us ed
as rough guidelines for an installation. 除地震仪器快 速紧急布 设的情 况

外，记录器均应装置在防护结构内。下面是安装设置和相关保护结构的
两种典型方式。它们能被用作为安装的粗略指引。

F

REE-FIELD INSTALLATIONS 自由场的安装

In a free-field accelerograph installation, the recorder is installed some distance
from buildings in a "free field" and sheltered by a small, lightweight structure
that allows the internal EpiSensor to sense acceleration as close as possible to
the "true" accelerations of ambient ground motion. In softer ground sites,
because of the soil-structure interactions during earthquakes, a heavier-than­necessary protective structure could degrade data accuracy. 在自由场的加速

度仪安装中，将记录器装置在离建筑物有一定距离的“自由场”并由一

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个轻小结构防护，以保证内置 EpiSensor 拾取的加速度量尽可能地与周围
环境“真实”的加速度接近。

The structure should also protect the recorder from weather, direct sunlight,
and theft or vandalism. A "transformer hut" made of fiberglass and stainless
steel hardware is ideal as long as it, and the recorder, are attach ed to a poured
and reinforced concrete pad. If true hard-rock site response is desired, anchor

this concrete pad to bedrock 该结构应该也能保护记录器免受来自各种天

气、直射阳光，及偷盗或人为故意破坏等的干扰。如果以用玻璃纤维和
不锈钢五金器件制造的“变压器小屋”作为此种结构，并且记录器是架
设在一块现浇钢筋混凝土底板上则是理想的。若希望取得基岩场地的真
实反应则应将此混凝土板与基岩锚固。

If you are using the recorder with broadband sensors, it must be placed in a
seismic vault with a p ier on wh ich t o moun t th e s ensors. Th is vaul t wi ll n eed to
not only protect the instrument, as in the case of the free-field accelerograph,
but also must provide a stable mounting structure and insulate the sensors from
ambient temperature variations. It should be a low-noise site for optimal
operation. Masts for antennas, GPS, wireless communication and solar cells
should be mounted some distance from the sensor vault to prevent wind­induced noise from contaminating the data. Kinemetrics has several application

notes that can help you install a broadband sensor network. 如果你将记录器

与宽带传感器连用，则必须将其置于地震仪器地窖内，并且传感器应安
置在仪器墩上。在自由场加速度仪的场合，这个地窖不只是用以保护仪
器，还必须提供稳定的支架结构和隔离环境温度变化对传感器的影响。
为了最理想的运行，它应是低噪声场地。天线、GPS、无线通信及太阳能
电池板等的桅杆应离开传感器地窖一定距离，以防止风诱发噪声污染数
据。Kinemetrics 公司有几份应用技术 备忘 资料可帮助 你安装 宽带 传感器
台网。

Provide the recorder with a good earth ground. Proper grounding depends
greatly on the humidity of the soil at the site. For average-humidity soil, an
effective earth ground can be made by wiring the case grounding stud to a 6'- to

8'-long copper rod embedded in the g round. 应提供记录器一个良好接地场

所。正确的接地是极大地依赖于场地土壤湿度的。对于一般湿度的土
壤，将仪器外盒接地线柱与一根埋入场地土内长约 6 英尺到 8 英尺的铜棒
相连接即可获得有效地接地。

If no AC power is availab le, a solar charging system is r equired. Refer to the

Advanced Installation s section of this manual for more information. 如果不
可能用 AC 供电，就需要用太阳能充电系统。可参考本手册里高级安装一
节以得到更多信息。

If the recorder has a GPS system, the GPS antenna will need a suitable
mounting mast. A telephone line or other communication link is required to
communicate with the recorder remotely. 如果记录器带有 GPS 系统，则

GPS 天线将需要相匹配装置天线杆。为与远程记录器通信，则需要设有
电话线或其它通信链路。

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STRUCTURAL-MONITORING INSTALLATIONS 结构监测的安装

In a structural-monitoring installation, you provide protection to the recorder
by installing it within an existing building or structure (a bridge, a dam, a high­rise, etc.). The main purpose for installing the recorder in an existing structure
is to measure and monitor the structure's vibrations in response to ground
motion. While some u se such installatio ns to calculate measu rements of "free­field" seismic motions, the very nature of the structure's size and foundation
depth cause the acceleration measurements to deviate considerably from "true
free-field" response. 在结构监测的安装中，你可以将记录器安装在现有

的建筑物或结构物(桥、坝、高从建筑物等)内以提供对记录器的保护。在
现有建筑物里安装记录器的主要目的是测量和监测该建筑结构对地面运
动的振动反应。虽然有些时候使用如此安装是为考虑“自由场”地震运
动的测量，结构的大小和基础的深度是引起加速度测量相当地偏离“真
实自由场”反应这是很自然的。

For a structural-monitoring installation, make sure the space in the structure
allows enough room to mount and service the recorder, and that the space
provides enough protection so the recorder and its sensors will not be disturbed
or vandalized. Powering the recorder requires a mains supply close to the
installation point. To connect a modem, a phone line is also necessary. 对于

结构监测的安装，须确保在结构里要有足够的房屋空间以便安装和服务
于记录器，以及提供足够保护记录器和传感器不受干扰和破坏的空间。
记录器的供电要求主电源靠近安装点。为连接调制解调器，也需要一根
电话线。

As for the recorder’s optional GPS antenna, carefully plan to locate the antenna
close enough to the recorder so th e supplied GPS cable will reach betw een the

two. 对于记录器选项的 GPS 天线，要细心设计将天线定位与记录器不
能太远以使所提供的 GPS 电缆能满足两者的联接。

To use multiple EpiSensors mounted around the structure, make a detailed plan
of the sensors' locations and plan how to run the cables between them and the
recorder. To interconnect recorders, plan the layout of the interconnecting
cables. If possible, run all the cables (sensor and interconnect) through
grounded metal conduit. 为了使用在结构各处安装的多个 EpiSensor，要做

传感器位置的详细设计，以及设计它们与记录器之间如何走线。为了互
连记录器，需要设计互连电缆走线布置图。如果有可能，所有电缆(传感
器和互连接)最好都穿过接地金属线管走线。

All these elements of an installation should be in place before the recorder
itself is installed. 所有这些安装要素应该在记录器本身安装前到位。

Requirements for Installation 安装需
备条件

Below we provide lists o f the tools, supplies and equipment required to in stall
an entire recorder system in its typical configuration, including the recorder,

16

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

either an interna l (in th e case o f a K2) or exte rnal Ep iSenso r, and a G PS timin g
system.下面我们提 供为安装完整的记录器系统所需 的工具、补给品及设

备列表。所谓的完整记录器系统其典型设置包括记录器、一个内置

EpiSensor（K2 场合）或外接 EpiSensor，以及一个 GPS 时间系统。
Specialized installations may require additional tools, supplies or equipment,

depending on specific sites and needs. This manual assumes that all civil
engineering works (concrete pads, enclosures, conduit, mounting masts, etc.)
are complete and ready at the outset of the recorder installation. 专门的安装

可能需要附加的工具、补给品及设备，这取决于特殊的场地和需要。本
手册假定所有土建工程工作（混凝土板、封装围栏、管道管渠、装备桅
杆等）在记录器安装开始时已完成和准备完毕。

Required Tools 必需的工具

FOR THE RECORDER 用于记录器的

The recorder must be rigid ly mounted to the fl oor of its structure or enclosure.
The supplied mounting kit (P/N 700170-02) includes a 1/4-20 anchor stud with

an attached conc rete anchor, a sea ling washer, a flat washer and a nut. 记录

器必须牢固地安装在结构或仪器柜室的地板上。所提供的安装套件
(P/N700170-02)包含一根带有混凝土锚定的 1/4-20 锚着螺栓、一个密封垫
圈、一个平面垫圈及一个螺母。
The following tools are required: 下列工具是必需的：

 A concrete drill with a 1/4" (6.4 mm) diameter 4" (10 cm) long

masonry/concrete bit. 带有一根 1/4”(6.4mm)直径、4”(10cm)长的砖
石/混凝土钻头的混凝土钻孔机。

 A 7/1 6" ( 11 mm) wrench to tighten the nut on to the anchor stud. 一

把 7/16”(11mm)扳手以将螺母拧紧到锚着螺栓上。

OR THE GPS TIMING SYSTEM 用于 GPS 时间系统的

F

Both internal and external GPS systems require the following tools for
installation: 为安装内置或外接 GPS 系统需要下列工具：

 Wrench or pliers to tighten the Type F connector on the GPS bullet

antenna 扳手或钳子用以拧紧 GPS 子弹头天线上的 F 型连接器

 Tools for mounting the antenna 安装天线的工具
 A heat gun (electric or butane) 一把加热枪(电的或丁烷气的)

An external GPS system installation requires the following additional tools:
对外接 GPS 系统安装还需下列附加工具：

 Soldering ir on (ele ctri c or butane) 烙铁(电的或丁烷气的)
 Sm al l screwdriver 小螺丝起子
 Wire cutters 割线刀具(电工刀)
 Wire strippers 剥线器
 Long-nose pliers 长鼻钳（尖嘴钳）
 Utility knife 通用刀

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 17

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

 A drill (electric or battery powered) 钻孔器(电的或电池供电的)
 Cable tie wraps 电缆捆绑包装的线、带或套管
 A crimping tool 卷边器
 A short length of insulated braid 短的绝缘编织带
 An extension cord or a small generator for AC power, if butane-

powered soldering irons and battery-powered drills are not available

一条加长的电源线缆或一台小交流发电机 （当丁烷气烙铁和电池
供电钻孔器不能提供时）

OR AN EXTERNAL EPISENSOR 用于外接 EPISENSOR 传感器的

F

Refer to the EpiSensor ES-T User Guide. It details the tools and equipment
required for making a cable to connect the EpiSensor to the recorder and
provides instructions about how to mount the sensor. 参考 EpiSensor ES-T

使用指南。它详细阐述了制做一根连接 EpiSensor 与记录器的电缆所需要
的工具和提供了关于如何安装传感器的指引。

Required Supplies 必需的补给品

 Material to make grounding straps for the recorder 制作记录器接地

带的材料

 Solder with rosin-core flux 具有松香焊剂内芯的焊条
 An assortment of heat-shrink tubing, cable tie-wraps,

and electrical tape 各种规格加热收缩管状电缆绑套和电线绝缘带

Required Equipment 必需的设备器材

 An IBM-compatible portable/laptop PC 一台 IBM 兼容便携/膝上

型 PC 电脑

 A portable printer, to print tests and other commissioning data 一台

便携式打印机，以供打印试验和其它试运行数据

 Kinemetrics' RS-232C cable to link a PC to the recorder 一根

Kinemetrics的 RS-232 电缆，以供 PC 机与记录器链接

 A battery-powered digital volt meter (DVM) to adjust the zero-level

of the EpiSensor and other system-checkout functions 一块电池供
电的数字电压表(DVM)，以供调节 EpiSensor 的零位水平和其他
系统校验功能

 A compass, to check the orientation of the sensors 一块罗盘，以供

检查传感器的方位

 A camera, to photograph the completed installations for the

commissioning report 一台照相机，以提供时运行报告需用的全
部安装实况照片

18

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Practice Assembly 实际集合演练

Once you have assembled the tools, supplies, and equipment listed above, we
recommend that you run th rough a practice assembl y following the inst allation
instructions. 一旦你已经装备了上面所列工具、补给品及设备，我们建议

你先按照下列安装指引从头到尾运行一次实际集合演练。

Why Practice In the Laboratory? 为何要在实验室内演练？

The connections between all the components mentioned in this manual may
appear a bit complex. They will be even more complex if your first installation
attempt is in a remote field situation where you find that you lack the necessary
tools, supplies, or eq uipment to make the connection s work. 本手册中所提

及的所有部件之间的连接可能会出现小的麻烦。如果你初次安装尝试就
在一个偏远的野外场合，在那里你可能会发现你会缺乏一些必需的工
具、补给品及设备去做连接工作，这甚至将会有更大的麻烦。

Practice in a well-supp lied , well-l it laborat ory o r office wh en firs t connec ting a
PC, GPS, and modem systems to the Kinemetrics equipment. Follow these
instructions carefu lly, step by step, to le arn exactly which tools, supplies and

equipment will be needed in the field. 当初次将 PC 机、GPS 及调制解调器

系统与 Kinemetrics 的设备相联接时，请在补给、光线条件好的实验室或
办公室内进行实践。小心地跟着这些指引，一步一步地，学习如何正确
地使用那些在现场将需用的工具、补给品及设备。

Murphy's Law provides a further reason for a practice installation:

If anything can go wrong, it will; and Isaac's Corollary: Murphy
was an optimist! 墨菲定律为实践安装提供了一个更深一层的理由：

任何事可能出错，它也将会

，并且艾萨克推论：

墨菲是个乐天派

如果

。

For the practice assembly, follow the instructions in Chapter 2. 请跟随第二章
里的指引进行实际集合演练。

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 19

Overview 总论

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

2. Installation

Basics 安装基础

This chapter explains several common installation procedures as well as
relevant operational concepts. For specific instructions about more complex
installation procedures, see Chapter 6 of this manual. 本章阐述了几个普通

安装程序以及相关操作概念。关于更复杂的安装程序的专门指引请参见
本手册第 6 章。

Caution: Potential electrostatic discharge (ESD) hazard to equipment.

!

Before removing any boards or internal connectors from the unit, put the
OPER/STBY switch inside the unit in the STBY position and disconnect all
batteries and chargers. Wear a grounded wrist strap with impedance of
approximately 1 MΩ when handling boards to protect recorder components
from damage.

告诫

：危害设备的潜在静电释放(ESD)。在由记录器内移出任何板件或
内部连接器之前，需将仪器内的 OPER/STBY 开关置于 STBY 位置，并
且断开所有电池和充电器。戴上具有约 1MΩ 电阻的接地挽带，以当
摸碰板件时保护记录器部件免受损坏。

Before attempting to install the recorder in the field, we recommend that you
practice the installation instructions in your office or laboratory.

试图在现场安装记录器之前，我们建议你宜在你的办公室或实验室里先
做好安装指引的实践演练。

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 21

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Installing the Basic Recorder 记录器

基本安装

Installing Support Software 安装支持软件

To set up and retrieve data from the recorder requires a computer equipped
with either a commercial communication program such as ProComm,
HyperTerminal

®

or Kinemetrics’ QuickTalk & QuickLook program supplied
with your unit. 为了记录器设置和回收数据需要一台装备随便任一个商业
通信软件如 ProComm®、HyperTerminal®或 Kinemetrics 的 QuickTalk 和
QuickLook 程序提供你的仪器用的计算机。

It is much easier to set up the instrument using QuickTalk and QuickLook. To
install this software, refer to the Installing the Software section of the
QuickTalk and QuickLook Users Guide that is included in the back of this

binder. 用 QuickTalk 和 QuickLook 程序装配仪器是非常容易的。要安装

这些软件请参考 QuickTalk

和

QuickLook

程序使用指南的安装软件

该指南包含在本文件夹的后面。

Orienting a Recorder with an Internal EpiSensor 内置

EpiSensor 摆记录器的定向

Determine which direction to orient the recorder: true north, or "aligned-with­structure." The orientation you choose will determine the coordinate system for

recorded data. 确定记录器方位：真北、或“按结构主轴向排列”。你选
定方位将确定记录数据的坐标系统。

Typically, the fron t panel of the record er will face north , in which case th e Y­axis will be align ed north. The coordin ate system will then b e consistent with
standard external EpiSensor installations. 典型地，记录器的前面板将面向

北方，在该场合 Y 轴将指向北方。这坐标系统将与标准外接 EpiSensor 安
装相同。

部分，

®

22

Note: If you use a compass to determine the true north-south axis, make sure

to correct for the difference between magnetic north indicated by the
compass, and true north (magnetic declination). This deviation
depends on your location; you can find the correct deviation on a local

topographical map. 注释：如果你用罗盘确定真南北轴方位，需

确实校正罗盘指示的磁北与真北之间的差异（磁偏角）。偏差取
决于你的地点；你可以在当地的地形图上找到正确的磁偏角值。

If the instrument is installed in a structure, it is normally aligned parallel to the
structure's main axis. If possible, keep the same orientation for all recorders
installed in the same building. 如果在结构上安装仪器，一般都是沿平行

结构的主轴方向设置仪器方位。如果可能，在同一建筑物中所有记录器
都应保持同样的方位设置。

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Figure 5: Mounting dimensions

图 5 安装尺寸

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 23

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Keep a permanent record of the orientation you choose, and of how and in
relation to what the recorder is oriented. This information is crucial to the
proper analysis of recorder data. 保存一个你选定方位和如何关系到记录器

定位的永久记录。这信息对于正确分析记录器数据是至关重要的。
To place the recorder inside an existing structure, make sure t he area is large

enough and includes at least 8-10 inches (20–25cm) o f working space on each
side of the unit; see Figure 6. 为了在现有结构内放置记录器，需要落实仪器
每边至少有 8-10 英寸(20-25cm)足够大的工作空间，参见图 6。

Allowing sufficient access space is crucial for the K2 because it has an internal
sensor deck that may need to be accessed after installation. 允许充分的访问

空间对于 K2 仪器是至关重要的，因为它有内置传感器装置在安装后可能
需要访问。

Figure 6: K2 mounted with sufficient working space

24

图 6 安装 K2 必需的最小工作空间
If the interior planned dimensions are large enough and the concrete pad is

poured and prepared, you are ready to mount the recorder unit. 如果内部计

划尺寸足够大并且混凝土板已灌筑准备好，你对安装记录器单元已准备
完毕。

Mounting the Recorder 记录器固定

The next step is to decide how you are going to mount the recorder. This
section explains th e following mounting procedures: 下一步是决定你如何
去固定记录器。本节阐述下列固定程序：

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

 Floor mounting (recommended for all recorders but required for K2s

with an internal EpiSensor.) 地板固定（对于所有记录器都建议用
此方式，对于具有内置 EpiSensor 的 K2 仪器则必须用此方式。）

 Shelf mounting 支架搁板固定
 Wall mounting 墙壁固定

Note: For K2s with internal Ep iSensors, the unit must be securely coupled to

the ground to accurately record ground motion. In units without
sensors, secure the recorder in such a way that it will not fall off its
mounting during the intense shaking of an earthquake.

注释： 对于具有内置 EpiSensor 的 K2 仪器，必须安全牢靠地与地面连接

以精确地记录地面运动。对于不带有传感器的记录器，只要能安
全可靠地放置不至于在强烈地震时跌落即可。

The unit has a single hole in the base for a 1/4" (6.4 mm) bolt. To attach the
recorder to the mounting surface, use the mounting kit shipped with the
recorder. It includes a heavy-duty wedge type expansion anchor stud with 1/4­20 thread, a flat washer, a sealing washer, and a nut. The following figures
show the details of such an installation. 仪器在底板上有一单孔以供

1/4”(6.4mm)螺栓用。用随记录器一起带来的固定套件将记录器固定在地

表面上。该套件包含一根 1/4-20 螺纹的耐压楔 型膨胀螺栓、 一个平面垫
圈、一个密封垫圈及一个螺帽。下列图示出了安装细节。

F

LOOR-MOUNTING (RECOMMENDED) 地板固定（推荐）

Users with a K2 unit with an internal EpiSensor must mount the unit as
described in this procedure. 对于具有内置 EpiSensor 的 K2 仪器的用户必
须按本程序记述固定仪器。

Note: Leveling and orientation are not required for operation of recorders

without internal sensors, but doing so will result in a more
professional looking installa tion.

注释： 对于不带有内置传感器的记录器是不需要找平和定方位的，不过

这样做也无妨，可能看上去安装更专业些。

Anchor the record er un i t to a concrete floor if pos sible. Prepare the re cord er for
mounting as follows:

如果可能请将记录器单元锚定在混凝土地板上。准备记录器固定如下：

1. B e sure that each of the recorder's leveling feet are screwed into place.
一定做到每一个记录器找平脚都拧到位。

2. Remove the recorder’s cover and set it aside.

打开记录器盖并放在旁边。

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 25

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

WARNING! Burn or fire hazard. Do not short the battery terminals with
metallic conductors, such as a screwdriver or pliers. The battery can provide up
to 80 amps of current. This ampera ge, when flowing through a non-isolat ed

!

conductor, can result in very high temperatures and even fire.
Do not replace the supplied battery with a non-recharge able battery or a battery
that does not meet the requ irements given in Chapter 4 in th e Replacing
Batteries section.

警告！

燃烧或火灾。绝不用金属导体诸如螺丝起子或钳子短接电池两

极。电池能够提供多到 80 安培电流。这样的安培数流过非绝缘导体时会
产生非常高的温度甚至火灾。 绝不用非可充电电池或不满足第 4 章

换电池

一节规定的电池去替换仪器电池。

置

3. Disconnect the battery wires from the terminals, unscrew the internal
battery bracket, and set the internal battery aside.

从电池两极断开电池接线，拧下内置电池压条并放在内置电池
旁。

4. R emove the protective plug fro m the mounting hole on the reco rder's
underside. 移去在记录器底板上的安装固定用孔保护塞子。

5. Move the recorder gently to one side. 轻轻地移动记录器到一旁。

6. Locate where you plan to put the recorder, keeping in mind the
working space dimen sions in Figu re 6. 在你计划设置记录器的地方
定位，应注意符合图 6 中的工作空间大小。

7. Use a drill with a 1/4" (6.4 mm) bit, and drill into the concrete to a
depth exceeding the maximum depth you intend for the anchor to
penetrate, as shown in Figure 7. A percussion or hammer drill will
make this procedure much easier. You should follow all
recommended safety precautions when using power tools and we
recommend you wear safety glasses during the installation procedure.

26

如图 7 所示，用带有 1/4”(6.4mm)钻头的钻孔机在混凝土垫板上
钻孔，孔深应略超过你打算的锚着深度。用冲击钻可使钻孔非常
容易。在使用动力工具时，你应该遵守所有建议的安全防范要
求，并且我们建议你在这个安装程序中应戴安全玻璃面罩。

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Figure 7: Drilling a hole for the anchor bolt

图 7 钻锚着螺栓用孔

8. Make sure you clean out the hole after drilling it. A flexible drinking straw
makes a good tool for this. Make sure you don’t blow dust in your eyes!

你在钻孔后应将孔清干净。软吸管是很好的清孔工具。另外你要确使

不让尘埃迷住你的眼睛！

9. Screw the nut onto th e anchor bolt u ntil the top o f the nut is flu sh with the
top of the anchor bolt, as shown in Figure 8.

如图 8 所示，拧螺母到螺杆上，直到螺母顶与螺杆顶齐平。

Note: It is very important not to damage the threads of the anchor bolt. Place

a small piece of wood or similar object on top of the nut before
tapping with the hammer. This will dissipate the energy between the
bolt/nut and the hammerhead and avoid damage to the threads.

注释： 它对于不损坏螺杆的螺纹是十分重要的。在用锤子轻拍之前要放

一小块木片或类似物品在螺母顶上。这将耗散一些螺杆/螺母与锤
头之间的能量以避免螺纹的损坏。

10. Gently tap th e anchor bolt assembly (anchor and nut) in to the hole in the
concrete pad. The reco rder's lev el ing feet k eep th e un it o ff th e fl oor , so yo u
must leave approximately 2-1/4” (57.2mm) of the anchor bolt protruding
from the hole.

将锚着螺杆集合(锚杆和螺母)轻轻地拍进混凝土垫板 的孔中。由于记

录器找平脚使记录器与地板保持一定间隙，所以你必须留有约 2-1/4”
(57.2mm)螺杆露出孔口。

11. Unscrew the nut from the top of the anchor. 由锚杆顶拧下螺母。

12. C enter the reco rder over th e ancho r and low er its moun ting ho le down over
the protruding bolt. 将记录器底板孔与出露的锚杆对中并放下。

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 27

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

13. Apply silicon lubricant to the sealing washer and carefully screw it onto the
bolt without damagin g the rubber seal. Then place the flat washer onto the
bolt. Then screw th e nut onto the bolt. Tighten the nut so tha t it is about
1/8” (3.2mm) from the bottom of the case.

用硅润滑剂涂密封垫圈使其仔细地拧上螺杆不可对橡皮封圈有损坏。

然后放置平面垫圈到螺杆上。再把螺母拧到螺杆上。拧紧螺母使其离
仪器盒底约为 1/8”(3.2mm)。

Caution: Potential equipment damage from moisture. Use the sealing
washer to stop moisture from getting into the unit. Leave the desiccant
packet inside the recorder to keep it free of humidity damage for a normal
maintenance period.

告诫：

潜在设备受潮损坏。用密封垫圈是为了隔绝潮湿侵入仪器。留
下干燥剂小袋于记录器内以保持其在一个正常维护周期内免受潮湿损
坏。

Figure 8: Driving the anchor bolt and nut int o th e hole

图 8 将锚着螺杆和螺帽置入钻孔中

28

14. Make sure the recorder is oriented in the correct direction and leveled

before you proceed with Step 15.

在继续按第 15 步办法进行记录器找平之前，确使记录器定方位在正

确的方向上。

15. Look at the bubble level window while you carefully screw each of the

recorder's three leveling feet (shown in Figure 3) in or out. When you can
see the air bubble centered in the bubble level window with all three
leveling feet resting on the mounting pad, the recorder is leveled.

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

在你仔细调进或调出记录器三个找平脚的每个脚的同时，观察气泡水
准窗（示于图 3）。当你看到气泡在气泡水准窗里居中时，使三个找
平脚静止在安装垫板上，这时记录器被找平。

16. Carefully maintain both the recorder's level and its orientation as you

tighten down the anchor nut to ho ld the recorder firmly in place. This final
tightening should force the concrete anchor to expand inside the hole and
lock the unit in pla ce. Use a torque of 80-100 inch-lbs (902 – 10.2n m) to
tighten the nut.

在你向下拧紧锚杆螺母以保持记录器稳固在适当位置同时，必须小心
地维持记录器的水平和它的方位。最终的紧固应迫使混凝土锚定在孔
里面膨胀开，紧锁仪器在适当的位置。使用 80-100 英寸-磅(9.02-

10.2nm)扭矩的力量拧紧螺母。

WARNING! Burn or fire hazard. Do not short battery terminals with metallic
conductors, such as a screwdriver or pliers. The battery can provide up to 80

!

amps of current. This amperage, when flowing th rough a non-isolated
conductor, can result in very high temperatures and even fire. Do not replace
the supplied battery with a non-rechargeable battery or a battery that does not
meet the requirements in the Replacing Batteries section.

警告！

燃烧或火灾。绝不用金属导体诸如螺丝起子或钳子短接电池两

极。电池能够提供多到 80 安培电流。这样的安培数流过非绝缘导体时会
产生非常高的温度甚至火灾。 绝不用非可充电电池或不满足在置换电
池章节规定的电池去替换仪器电池。

17. Replace the internal battery. Be sure that the rubber battery pad is under

the battery. Screw the battery bracket back into place and reconnect the
black wire to the negative terminal of the ba ttery.

Do not connect the red wire until told to do so later.

置换内置电池。确证橡皮电池垫片是在电池之下。拧动电池压条置回
原处，并重接黑线到电池负极。直到稍后告诉你之前，绝不能连接红
线。

Caution: Potential performance degradation. The EpiSensor deck cover
provides grounding for the EpiS e n sor deck. Make sure it is attached during
normal operation for the lowest noise performance.

告诫：

潜在性能降级。EpiSensor 装置盖提供该装置的接地。当适合于

低噪声性能正常运行时请确认接地良好。

The mounting procedure described above is recommended by Kinemetrics. If
your recorder does no t have an internal EpiS ensor, it is p oss ible to use th e two
mounting methods described below. Do not use these methods if your K2 has
an internal EpiSensor.

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 29

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

上述固定程序是由 Kinemetrics 公司建议的。如果你的记录器没有内置
EpiSensor,则也可用下述两种固定方法。如果你的 K2 有内置 EpiSensor，
则绝不可用这两种方法。

HELF-MOUNTING 支架搁板固定

S

If the recorder does not have an internal EpiSensor, it can be mounted on a
shelf as follows:

如果记录器没有内置 EpiSensor，它可固定在支架搁板上如下：

1. Unscrew the leveling feet from the bottom of the recorder and remove.
从记录器底部拧松找平脚并移去。

2. Insert p las tic w all an cho rs into th e three th read ed hol es in th e botto m of th e

unit. 将塑料墙锚栓嵌入记录器的三个螺纹孔内。

3. Match and mark the po sitions of the threaded holes on th e bottom of the

shelf on which you intend to mount the recorder .
在你打算要安装固定记录器的支架搁板上相配和标注螺纹孔的位置。

4. Screw th ree she et-meta l s crews from th e bo tto m of th e sh elf up throug h th e

shelf until they protrude.

从支架搁板底部向上拧三个薄片金属螺钉穿透搁板直到露出。

5. Place the reco rder so the threaded holes are ov er the screw tips, and then

tighten screws up into the plastic wall anchors. 放置记录器让螺纹孔正
在螺钉尖上，然后向上拧紧螺钉进入塑料墙锚栓内。

Alternately, on a thicker shelf: 作为 候补，在厚的支架搁板上：

1. Temporarily place th e record er in th e correct pos ition . Mark the l ocation o f

the recorder’s mounting hole on the shelf. 临时放置记录器于适当的位
置。在搁板上标注记录器安装固定孔的位置。

2. Dr ill a hole with a 1/4" (6.4 mm) drill through the shel f at this location.
用 1/4”(6.4mm)钻孔机钻一个孔洞穿透搁板的这个位置。

3. Insert a single 1/4-20 bolt through the hole from the bottom and into the

recorder’s mounting hole. 再从搁板底部向上穿透此孔洞插进一根 1/4-
20 单纯的螺杆，并进入记录器的暗转固定孔内。

4. Install the sealing washer, flat washer and nut as described in the Floor

Mounting section. Tighten the nut to firmly hold the recorder in place.

如同在底板固定一节里所记述的那样，安装密封垫圈、平面垫圈及螺

母。拧紧螺母以使记录器稳固地保持在适当的位置。

30

ALL-MOUNTING 墙壁固定

W

If mounting the recorder on a wall is your only option, and your K2
does not contain an internal EpiSensor, you can do the following:

若你只能选择将记录器安装在墙上并且你的 K2 仪器不包含内置
EpiSensor 的话,那你可按下述去做：

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

1. Use a bracket sturdy eno ugh to hold the recorder. The bracket must have
bolt holes that line up with the three 1/4"-32 holes in the recorder's
baseplate (the leveling feet holes).

用一个足够坚固的托架将记录器托住。该托架的搁板上必须有螺栓孔

洞，孔洞要与记录器底板上的三个 1/4-32 孔洞(找平脚孔)相配合。

2 Screw the nuts and bolts firmly together through the bracket and the

recorder's base. 用螺栓和螺母结合使其穿透托架搁板与记录器底板稳
固地集合在一起。

Alternately, use a single 1/4-20 bolt to secure the recorder.
作为候补，用一根 1/4-20单纯的罗杆以保护记录器。

Grounding the Recorder 记录器接地

All users should complete this procedure. You must provide the recorder with a
good, low-impedance earth ground before operating it for the following reasons:

所有用户应完成这个程序。

基于如下理由，在运行记录器之前你必须使

其有良好的低电阻接地条件：

 To maintain the recorder as a highly sensitive, low-noise, seismic

recorder. 为维持记录器作为一个高灵敏、低噪声的地震记录器。

 To shunt ESD transients, lightning-induced transients and EMI/RFI

transients to ground. 为避免对地的 ESD 瞬变、闪电感应瞬变及

CE

EMI/RFI 瞬变。

 To meet the requirements of the European Community's EMI/RFI

directives. 为满足欧洲共同市场关于 EMI/RFI 指示的规定。

Determine what earth ground you will connect the recorder to. A good earth
ground includes the following : 确定你将连接记录器的接地是什么样的。一
个好的接地条件应包含如下：

 a metal plumbing pipe that is eventually buried in the ground 一根最

终埋入地下的金属管件；

 a copper ground rod staked in soil 一根用桩篱围在土中的接地铜

棒；

 a well engineered electrical grounding system, or 一个良好的电工专

业接地系统；或

 steel reinforcing rods that protrude from a concrete foundation. 从混

凝土基础里出露的钢筋棒。

Prepare the conductor you plan to use to connect the recorder to the earth
ground. For the conductor, you should at least use a heavy-gauge wire or,

better yet, a copp er strap or copp er braid . 准备你打算用着连接记录器到接地

点的导体。至于导体，你至少应该使用大规格导线，或更好的如铜条或
铜编织带。

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 31

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Connect this conductor to the recorder's case grounding stud near the bottom
center of the recorder's front panel. Then connect the other end of the
conductor/grounding strap to the selected earth ground. If the recorder has
sensor connectors mounted on its cover, you must also connect the rear case­grounding stud to the ground connection.

将导体连接到记录器靠近前面板下边中间的记录器外盒接地线柱上。然
后将导体/接地条带的另一端连接到选定的接地点处。如果记录器有传 感
器连接器装在它的盖上，你则还必须将仪器盒背面的接地线柱与地面接
地点处连接。

Note: If the recorder is powered by the optional PSA, the third pin (earth

connection) of the PSA AC plug provides the safety ground. To
ensure the unit's low noise performance, you must still connect the
recorder’s grounding stud to a good earth ground as described above.

注释：如果记录器是用所选择的 PSA 供电，PSA 的交流插销的第三插脚

(接地插脚)提供了安全接地。为了保证仪器的低噪声性能，你仍
必须将记录器的接地线柱连接到上面所述的良好接地点。

32

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

THE MAKALU

Common Mode Voltage & EpiSensor Grounding
公共模式电压和 EpiSensor 接地

The analog front end and an alog- to-dig ital conv erter s ection s in th e Makalu are
100% isolated from the DSP and MCU sectio ns by optical i solators, capa citive
isolators, and DC-DC conv erters. This also includes EpiSenso r p o wer.

在 Makalu 仪器里模拟前端和模数转换器部分与 DSP 和 MCU 部分是用光
学隔离器、电容隔离器及 DC-DC 转换器所 100%隔离的。这也包含

EpiSensor 动力。
There is a 5.5V transient suppression device on the input board. This means

that the common-mod e voltage between the sensor groun d and Makalu power
ground must still be kept to near zero. This isolation allows the EpiSensor and
Makalu to share a common ground at only one point.

在输入板上有一个 5.5V 瞬变抑制装置。这表示传感器地线与 Makalu 动力
地线之间的公共模式电压仍然必须保持接近于零。这种隔离办法允许
EpiSensor 和 Makalu

仅在一点上

共享一个公共接地。

If an EpiSensor is connected to the Makalu with a short cable (a few meters in
length), the EpiSensor can be allowed to float. Longer cables may require
special consideration in deciding whether to tie the sensor ground to the
Makalu power ground or to let it remain floating.

如果 EpiSensor 是用一根短电缆(约几米长)连接到 Makalu 的话，可以允许
EpiSensor 浮置。较长的电缆，可能需要专门考虑以决定是否将传感器地
线接到 Makalu 动力地线或让它保留浮置。

WARNING! Potential electric shock hazard. The grounding stud is not a

!

protective earth ground. If you connect the recorder to the mains supply, make
sure that the protective earth ground is provided by the PSA as describe d in the
Connecting the Power Supply section.

警告！

潜在电冲击危险。仪器接地线柱不是接地保护。如果你将记录器
连接到主供电源，应确证接地保护如在
提供的。

Connecting Your PC 连接 PC 机

Use an optional RS-232 ca ble (P/N 109475) to connect your computer to th e
recorder. This cable is supplied as an accessory.

连接供电电源

一节所述是由 PSA

用一根所选的 RS-232 电缆(P/N 109475)将你的计算机连接到记录器。该
电缆是作为附件提供的。

This section discusses how to complete the initial connection between your
computer and the recorder. Refe r to the Verifying Basic Unit Operation section
for how to verify proper operation of the connection. Refer to the QuickTalk &

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 33

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

QuickLook Software U ser's Guide for further information about the QuickTalk
software.

本节讨论如何完成你的计算机与记录器之间的初始连接。关于如何检验
连接的正确操作请参考

检验基本单元操作

进一步信息请参考 QuickTalk

和

QuickLook

一节。关于 QuickTalk 软件的更

软件使用指南

。

The RS-232 cable has a 25-pin D-connector that plugs into your computer. If
you have a laptop with a 9 -pin connecto r, use the conn ector chang er to convert
the 25-pin to 9 pins . Then plug the 10-p in militar y styl e connecto r on the o ther
end of the cable into the recorder port marked RS-232C.

RS-232 电缆有一个 25-针脚 D-型连接器可插到你的计算机。如果你有一

台带有 9-针脚插接口的膝上电脑，可用将 25-针脚转换为 9-针脚的转换接
头。然后将电缆另外一端上的 10-针脚 军用型连接器插进记录器标 注为

RS-232 的插口。
To build your own RS-232 cable, ref e r to t he ne xt fi g u re .
为制作你自己的 RS-232电缆，请参考下图。

34

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

图 9 RS-232 电缆装配

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Figure 9: RS-232 cable assembly

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 35

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Connecting the Internal Battery 连接内置电池

A standard recorder includes one internal battery (a 13.6V, 12 Ah battery, KMI
P/N 840503) already inside the case. Kinemetrics ships this battery with the
positive lead disconnected. When the internal battery is connected, it maintains
power to the recorder for approximately 30 hours if AC power is lost. (The
actual time depends on wh ich options are installed .)

一台标准的记录器包含一块已经装在仪器盒中的内置电池(一块 13.6V、
12Ah 电池，KMI P/N 840503)。Kinemetrics 公司运输仪器时把电池正极断

开。接上内置电池,在交流电源失效时可维持记录器用电约 30 小时(实际
时间取决于所选用的电池容量)。

Connect the internal battery as follow s: 连接内置电池如下：

1. Make sur e the recorder's OPER/STBY switch is in the STBY position.
确证记录器的 OPER/STBY 开关是在 STBY 位置。

2. If the power supply assembly (PSA) is connected to the EXT POWER

connector on the reco rder's front panel, disconnect it now . Make sure the
internal battery is still in the proper position, as shown in Figure 10, and
that the black lead is connected to the negative (-) terminal on the battery's
lower right side.

如果供电装置(PSA)是连接在记录器前面板上的 EXT POWER 接口上
的话，现在请断开它。确证内置电池仍然处在如图 10 所示的正常位
置，并且黑色接片是连接着电池右下边的负极上（见图 10）。

Caution: Potential equipment damage. All batteries and the PSA should
be disconnected before you service the equipment because power is supplied
to some of the circuit boards even when the OPER/STBY switch is in the
STBY position. Reversed polarity battery connections can lead to
instrument damage.

告诫：

潜在设备损坏。在你保养设备之前务须断开所有电池和 PSA，

因为即使当 OPER/STBY 开关置于 STBY 位置时某些电路板还供着电。
电池的反极性连接会导致仪器损坏。

36

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

图 10 内置电池

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Figure 10: Internal battery

3. Conn ect t h e red lead to the positive te rmin a l. Th e re c o rd e r's in ternal battery

is now connected. 连接红色接片到正极。现在连接上了记录器的内置
电池。

4. Use a DVM to measure the voltage across the battery terminals. The

voltage reading for a new or fresh ly charged battery should be greater than
12 volts DC. 用数字电压表(DVM)跨电池两极测量电压值。对于新的
或刚充好的电池，其电压读数应大于 12V DC。

If the reading is less than 12 volts, the internal battery has been significantly
discharged. Connecting the unit with the internal battery installed to the PSA
will completely recharge the internal battery overnight.

如果读数低于 12V，此内置电池已经明显地被放电。应将该仪器用 PSA
整夜再充电直到充满。

WARNING! Burn or fire hazard. Do not short the battery terminals with
metallic conductors, such as a screwdriver or pliers. The battery can provide up

!

to 80 amps of current. This amperage, when flowing through a non-isolated
conductor, can result in very high temperatures and even fire.

Do not replace the supplied battery with a non-rechargeable battery or a battery
that does not meet the requirements given in Chapter 4 in the Replacing
Batteries section.

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 37

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Connecting the Power Supply 连接供电电源

图 11 供电装置(PSA)

警告！

燃烧或火灾。绝不用金属导体诸如螺丝起子或钳子短接电池两

极。电池能够提供多到 80 安培电流。这样的安培数流过非绝缘导体时会
产生非常高的温度甚至火灾。 绝不用非可充电电池或不满足第 4 章

换电池

一节规定的电池去替换仪器电池。

置

Refer to the Connecting the Power Supply section for in structions on how to
connect AC power. Refer to Ch apter 6 for instructions on how to conne ct an
optional external battery or a solar charging system.

关于如何连接交流电源请参考

连接供电电源

一节。关于如何连接选用的

外接电池或太阳能充电系统，则请参考第 6 章。

The recorder optionally includes a wide-input DC power supply assembly
(PSA, P/N 109480 or 109485), which connects to a standard AC outlet, shown
in the figure below. 记录器可任意选择地包括一个宽范围输入的 DC 供电装

置(PSA,P/N 109480 或 109485)，它可连接到交流输出插座，如下图所
示。

Figure 11: Power supply assembly (PSA)

38

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Caution: Using the wrong power supply unit with the recorder can
permanently damage its circuit boards. Do not attach any power supply

assembly to the recorder other than the one supplied by Kinemetrics unless it
exactly matches the voltage and current ratings required for the recorder.
Note that the K2 and Makalu use the same wide-input DC power supply
(refer to User-Supplied Charging Systems in Chapter 6 for more
information). Do not use an ETNA power supply unit with a K2 or try to
power an ETNA with a K2 PSA, in both cases the units will be badly
damaged.

告诫：

使用错误的供电单元给记录器，会使仪器电路板永久损坏。除了
Kinemetrics 公司所提供的请不要配属 任何 其它供 电装置，除 非该装 置能
与记录器需要的电压和电流额定值正确匹配。注意 K2 和 Makalu 使用同
样的宽范围输入的 DC 供电电源(若需更多信息请参考第 6 章里

的充电系统

)。绝不要把 ETNA 的供电单元给 K2 使用，或试着把 K2 的

用户提供

PSA 为 ETNA 供电，在这两种场合都会使仪器单元受到严重的损坏。
Before plugging in the PSA: 插进 PSA 之前：

 Make sure that the AC outlet is properly wired.

确证交流输出电源接线正确。

 Find out if the local AC power is subject to interruption, brownouts,

or spikes. If it is, plug a suitable surge suppresser into the AC outlet.
(Strongly recommended!)

如果发现有当地交流供电遭受断电、限电管制或电压突跳等供电
不稳的状况，应在交流输出电源上插接一个电涌浪抑制器。(

烈建议

！)

强

Then do the following: 然后按如下做：

1. Remove the cover of the recorder. Make sure the unit's OPER/STBY

switch is in the STBY position. 打开记录器盖，确证仪器的
OPER/STBY 开关处于 STBY 位置。

2. Push the 6-pin external power connector onto the recorder's EXT

POWER connector and twis t unt il it l ocks . 将 6-针脚外接供电接头
插到记录器的 EXT POWER 插座上，并拧到它锁住。

3. Plug the PSA into the AC power outlet or surge suppressor. (Users

outside the U.S. must use an adapter or an appropriate IEC line cord
with the correct AC plug.) 将 PSA 插进交流供电电源或电涌浪抑

制器。(在美国之外的用户必须用一个适配器或一个合适的带有
正确的 AC 插头的 IEC 电源软线。)

Note: The PSA automatically adjusts for line voltages from 90 to 260 VAC

(either 50 or 60Hz) without user intervention. The electrical
characteristics of the recorder's external power connector are
described in the Detailed Electrical Interface section in Chapter 5.

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 39

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

注释： PSA 对于线压在 90 到 260 V AC (或者 50 或 60Hz)的交流电可

以自动调节而无需用户干预。关于外接电源连接器的电特性可参
见第 5 章

电气接口详述

节里的记述。

Verifying Basic Unit Operation 检验基本单元操作

TURNING ON THE POWER 接通电源

1. Make sure the PCMCIA memory card is inserted into slot A.

(The PCMCIA slot is located on the right-hand sid e when you face the
front of the unit. Its location is also silk-screened on the recorder's
PCMCIA board.) 确证 PCMCIA 记忆卡是插在槽口 A 内。(当你面

对仪器前面板时 PCMCIA 槽口是处在右手边上的。它的位置在
记录器的 PCMCIA 板上也是用丝织遮挡着的。)

2. Turn the OPER/STBY switch to the OPER position. 拨动
OPER/STBY开关至 OPER 位置。

The lights on the recorder's front panel will light up briefly, and then light up in
a pattern that indicates the baud rate. Refer to the Running QuickTalk for the
First Time section of the QuickTalk & QuickLook User's Guide at the back of
this binder to interpret the recorder baud rate setting from the LED display.

这时记录器前面板上的指示灯将短暂闪亮，并随后以显示波特率模式点
亮。为从发光二极管显示解释记录器波特率请参考附在本文件夹后面的

QuickTalk

QuickLook

使用指南

中的

初次运行

QuickTalk一节。

和

After the baud rate displays, the LEDs will not light up for several seconds.
Then the LEDs will light up in the moving pattern described below in the Front
Panel Display section.

在波特率显示之后，发光二极管将熄灭几秒钟。然后发光二极管将以在
下面的

F

前面板显示

RONT PANEL DISPLAY 前面板显示

一节里记述的移动模式点亮

The recorder uses super bright LEDs to show the unit's status. It automatically
cycles the LEDs to provide a simple matrix display, as illustrated in Figures

11-13. During a cycle, the appropriate LEDs in each row turn on for three

seconds before the cycle moves to the next row. 记录器用超亮发光二极管

显示仪器状态。仪器能自动地循环发光二极管提供着一个简单矩阵显
示，如图 12-14 所示。在一个循环期间，每排里适当的发光二极管会开启
3 秒钟，在轮番移动到下一排。

40

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

The left column is the row indicator. When the STATUS LED is lit, th e LEDs
across the top indicate the recorder’s status as shown in Figure 12. They are
abbreviated as ACQ, TRIG, EVENT, CARD ERROR, and FAULT.

状态

图 12-14 中左列是排指示器。当
极管指示记录器的状态如图 2 所示。它们简化为 ACQ

EVENT

事件、

CARD ERROR

卡错

发光二极管点亮，横过顶部的发光二

，以及 FAULT

获取、

故障

。

Figure 12: Status display

TRIG

图 12 状态显示

触发、

STATUS

BATTERY

MEMORY






    

ACQ TRIG EVENT

11.5 12.5 13.5 14.5 CHRG

1/4 1/2 3/4 FULL

CARD

ERROR

FAULT

BUSY

(FLASHING)

The display indicates that the recorder is in acquisition mode (the normal
operating mode), and t hat recorded events are stored on disk. 现在此图显示
记录器处于获取模式(正常操作模式)，并且记录的事件存储到磁盘上。

Figure 13: Battery display

图 13 电池显示

STATUS

BATTERY

MEMORY







    

ACQ TRIG EVENT

11.5 12.5 13.5 14.5 CHRG

1/4 1/2 3/4 FULL

CARD

ERROR

FAULT

BUSY

(FLASHING)

In Figure 13 the d isplay reports the status of th e unit's internal battery. Note
that the BATTERY LED is lit. This indicates that the battery is at approximately

13.5V and that the ch arger is connected and p roviding DC power. The b attery
voltages are rounded off to the nearest 0 .5V: 11.5 = 11.0 to 12 .0 , 12.5 = 12 .0 to

13.0, 13.5 = 13.0 to 14.0, and 14.5 = > 14.0V. 在图 13 里，显示报告了仪器

电池

内置电池的状态。注意这时

发光二极管是点亮的。它指示电池大约

为 13.5V，并且充电器被连接着，正在供给直流电。电池电压以最接近的

0.5V 进行舍入：11.5=11.0—12.0、12.5=12.0—13.0、13.5=13.0—14.0、以
及 14.5=＞14.0。

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 41

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Figure 14: Memory display



 

 

STATUS

BATTERY

MEMORY






ACQ TRIG EVENT

11.5 12.5 13.5 14.5 CHRG

1/4 1/2 3/4 FULL

CARD

ERROR

FAULT

BUSY

(FLASHING)

图 14 记忆显示

In Figure 14 the d isplay reports the amount o f memory used in the PCMCIA
card. Note that the MEMORY LED is lit. This example shows that the unit's
memory is one-quarter full or less. (Memory use is rounded up.) 在图 14

内存

里，显示报告了 PCMCIA 卡中已用的内存总数。注意这时

发光二极
管是点亮的。此例显示仪器内存已装入四分之一容量或少于四分之一容
量。（内存使用是以四舍五入计算的。）

Caution! Potential data corruption! When the last LED on the bottom
right-hand side is flashing rapidly (approximately twice per second), the
recorder is accessing the PCMCIA memory card. Do not remove a
PCMCIA card from the unit while this light is flashing.

告诫

！潜在数据丢失！当底部右边最后的发光二极管正在快速闪亮
(约每秒两次)时，表明记录器正在访问 PCMCIA 内存卡。在该发光
二极管正在闪亮时请不要将 PCMCIA 卡从仪器中拆除。

42

Running QuickTalk 运行 QuickTalk

Start your PC and double-click on the QuickTalk icon on your PC screen.
Follow the instructions in the Running QuickTalk for the First Time s ection in
the QuickTalk & QuickLook Software User's Guide at the back of this binder.

启动你的 PC 机并双击你的 PC 机屏幕上的 QuickTalk 图标。请跟着附在

和

本文件夹后面的 QuickTalk
QuickTalk 一节的指示去做。

Note: You can also connect to the recorder with most communication

programs, such as HyperTerminal

注释：你也可以用许多通信程序诸如 HyperTerminal

记录器。

QuickLook

软件使用指南

®

or CrossTalk®.

®

或 CrossTalk®，连接

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

中的

初次运行

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Zero-Adjusting Internal EpiSensors

内置 EpiSensor 摆调零位

If the K2 has an internal EpiSensor deck, most users "zero" the EpiSensor
accelerometers after the recorder is installed and leveled. Zeroing the
EpiSensor deck channels ensures that recorded data will have minimal DC
offset. You can zero the accelerometers by using the recorder's DVM utility to
monitor the offsets as you manually adjust them.

如果 K2 有内置 EpiSensor 装置，大多数用户在记录器安装及找平之后要
对 EpiSensor 加速度计“调零位”。对 EpiSensor 装置各通道进行调零位
可保证记录器数据将有最小的 DC 偏移。你在用手调节各加速度计零位时
可用记录器的 DVM 指令监测偏移量值。

Caution: If you have an Altus-series recorder, its firmware will allo w
you to remove an offset from the data stream by subtracting a constant
value from the data as it is recorded. However, you should only use this
to remove a small residual offset. If you remove a large offset, (>100
mV) you will reduce the instrument’s recording range.

告诫

：若你有一台 Altus 系列记录器，其固件将允许你用被记录

的数据中减去一个常数量值的办法从该数据流里除去一个偏移量
值。然而，你应该祗是用此办法除去小的残留偏移量值。如果你
用此办法除去一个较大的偏移量值 (＞100mV)，那将会减少仪器
的记录量程。

The modules can be adjusted to an offset of less than 25mV or less than 5
milli-g for high sensitivity units. (If desires smaller offsets may be obtained
with some practice.) For normal applications in which the K2 is level, the
adjustment screw rotation will be only a few degrees. The modules are zeroed
before shipment. The ta ble below shows suggested offset settings for the gain
and full scale rang es available in the int ernal EpiSensor deck: 可以调节加速

度计模块以使偏移值低于 25mV 或对于高灵敏仪器则低于 5 m-g(毫重力加
速度)。(若希望取得小偏移值，只有多加练习。)对于 K2 被找平的常规使
用，调节旋杆只是旋转几度。该模块在装运之前已被调好零位。下表出
示了对可用于内置 EpiSensor 装置的增益和满量程所建议的偏移值设置。

Table 1: Suggested offset limits

表 1 建议的偏移量值限制

Full-scale

range

1/4g 50 mV 200 mV
1/2g 25 mV 100 mV

1g 25 mV 50 mV
2g 25 mV 25 mV
4g 25 mV 25 mV

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 43

Single-ended ± 2.5 V

output

Single-ended ± 10V

output

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Adjustment Instructions 调节指示

1. Turn the OPER/STBY switch to OPER. Start QuickTalk and open the

Terminal window. 拨动 OPER/STBY 开关至 OPER 位置。启动
QuickTalk 并打开终端窗口。

2. Enter AQ DVM to display the current voltages of the EpiSensor in

millivolts. The DVM display screen appears. Look in the column that
corresponds to the sensor chann el you are adjusting . As you complete the
adjustment procedures below, watch the figures in this column to see
when the voltages are in the proper range. 进入 AQ DVM 以显示

EpiSensor 的当前电压以毫伏 mV 计。此时 DVM 显示屏幕呈现。访

问相应于你正在调节的传感器通道一栏。当你完成下面的调节程序
同时，注视进入该栏的数字，以看何时电压值进到正确值范围。

3. Check the above table. If the voltage exceeds the limits for the full- scale

range, remove the sensor cover and use the tool provided on the cover to
adjust the channel s. (Remember th e AQ DUM display is in millivolts not
volts.) 检查上面的表。如果电压值超出满量程限制，请打开传感器

盖并用该盖上所提供的工具调节该通道。（应记住 AQ DVM 的显示
是毫伏而不是伏。）

4. Th e following drawin g shows where to inser t the adjustment tool for each

EpiSensor channel. As the fig ure indicates, EpiS ensor modules produce a
positive output when the ad justment screw is turned clockwise. Monitor

this with the DVM utility. 下图出示了对每一个 EpiSensor 通道应在

何处插入调节工具。如图所示，当调节旋杆以顺时针方向转时
EpiSensor 模块产生一个负输出。用 DVM 指令可监测它。

Note: If you have mapped the EpiSensor into the negative-polarity L,

V, T coordinate system, cl ockwise rotation of the adjustment
screw will produce a negative output when monitored by the
DVM utility.

注释： 若你绘制 EpiSensor 进入负极 L、V、T 座标体系，顺时针旋

转调节旋杆将可产生一个负输出，这时可用 DVM 指令监
测。

44

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

图 15 内置 EpiSensor 装置的零位调节

Figure 15: Zero-adjusting an internal EpiSensor deck

5. When the channel is adequately adjusted, gently remove the tool.
当该通道经仔细地调节好后，请轻轻地移出工具。

6. After adjusting all the channels, replace the deck cover.
在调节完所有通道后，将该装置盖复原。

7. Important: Give the cover a moderate tap with a screwdriver handle after

replacing the cover. The adjustment screw can h ave a residual stress that
may cause an offset in data during a large earthquake. Tapping it will
eliminate the residual stress.

重要的：

在将盖复原后用螺丝起子把手对盖子适度轻叩。由于调节
旋杆可能有残余应力，当大地震时可能会对数据产生偏移。轻叩盖
子将会消除残余应力。

8. Check that the sensors are still in the acceptable range.

再检查传感器零位电压，应仍然处于可接受的范围。

Maximizing EpiSensor Performance EpiSensor 摆性能最佳化

Do not use a PCMCIA hard disk on a K2 with an intern al EpiSensor deck or
with an Makalu recorder. The disk drive vibrations will be recorded and greatly

increase the noise level of the sensor. 在带有内置 EpiSensor 装置的 K2 仪器

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 45

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

上或用 Makalu 记录器时，不要用 PCMCIA 硬盘。因为磁盘驱动的振动将
会被记录并极大增加传感器的噪声水平。

In general, it is unwise to use a gain board with an instrument that has an
internal EpiSensor de ck becau se the s ensor is more su sceptible to sev eral typ es
of noise. Increasing the gain of the unit will therefore not achieve the intended
result of lowering the no ise floor; ins tead, it will reduc e the dynamic range by
raising the noise above the digitization threshold. To achieve the best noise
performance, use ext ernal EpiSensors.

一般而言，对于带有内置 EpiSensor 装置的仪器用增益板是不明智的，因
为传感器对几种类型噪声更为敏感。仪器的增益逐渐增加将因此不能达
到降低噪声地板想要的结果

When using a recorder with multiple external EpiSensors, be certain that the
dynamic power requirements of t he sensors do not exceed the capacity of the
recorder. When EpiSensors are configured to use their low noise amplifiers,
they use significantly more power than FBA-23s.

当使用一台带有多个外接 EpiSensor 的记录器时，无疑地，传感器的动态
功率需要不能超出记录器的容量。当 EpiSensor 配置为使用其低噪声放大
器时，他们使用功率明显地大于 FBA-23。

Be sure to gauge how much power you will need based on the dynamic power
requirements of your instruments rather than on the static requirements. If
inadequately powered during a large event, EpiSensors may not be able to
accurately record large acceleration peaks.

肯定地，为测量多大功率，你将只能需要基于动态功率需要之上而不能
基于静态需要之上的。如果当大事件时供电不当，EpiSensor 可能不会正
确记录较大的加速度峰值。

WARNING: Antenna and Phone Installation: Never install antenna or

!

telephone wiring during electrical storms. Always ensure adequate
separation between antenna cabling or telecom cablin g and high voltage
wiring. Always perform a safety check on telecom wiring to measure the
voltage before working on the wirin g. Rem e m ber telephone wiring
carries fifty (50) to sixty (60) volts of DC an d the ring s i gnal at ninety (90)
VAC can deliver a very uncomfortable shock.

警告 ：天线和电话安装：

当闪电风暴时绝不可安装天线或电话线。始
终保证天线电缆或电信电缆与高压线之间有足够的分离。总是履行对
电信线路的安全检查以在上线工作之前测量该电信线路电压。记住电
话线带有 50 伏到 60 伏直流电压，并且在 90 伏交流电压的铃音信号能
释放出不舒服的电冲击。

46

Connecting the Internal Modem 连接内置 Modem

If you purchased a recorder w ith an in ternal PCMCIA mode m, then th e modem
is already installed and wi red into alternat e slot B on the back o f the PCMCIA

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

card. To use this modem, you must install a suitable telephone jack at the
recorder site. Once that is done, do the following:

如果你买一个带有内置 PCMCIA 调制解调器 modem 的记录器，该
modem 是已经安装和接线于 PCMCIA 卡背面上的替换槽口 B 内的。为了

使用该 modem，你必须在记录器场所安装一个适配的电话接口。一旦这
些都做了，即可继续做如下：

Caution: Do not install any other PCMCIA cards into slot B when there is a
modem in alternate slot B.

告诫

：在替换槽口 B 内插有 modem 时，请不要再装任何另外的

PCMCIA 卡于槽口 B 中。

1. Plug the military-sty le connector on the teleph one cable supplied into

the mating connector located on the right side of the recorder, beneath
the right-front cover latch. (The cable has a standard RJ-11 telephone
connector on one end and a military-style 4-pin connector on the

other.) 将所提供的电话电缆上的军用型连接器插进处于记录器

右边在右前盖吊扣之下的匹配连接器。（在该电缆一端有一 个
RJ-11 标准电话接头，而另一端则是一个军用型 4-针脚插头连接
器。）

2. Plug the RJ-11 jack at the other end of the cable into the phone-jack
plug. The connection is complete. 将电缆另一端的 RJ-11 接头插进
电话接口。

3. To protect the line against lightning-induced transients, install an
optional telephone line su rge-suppressor between the telephone plug
and the jack. A suitable surge-suppressor is available from

Kinemetrics (P/N 851293). 为了保护线路抵抗闪电感应瞬变，在

电话插头与接口之间安装一个选用的电话线路浪涌抑制器。配套
的电话线路浪涌抑制器可由

Kinemetrics (P/N 851293)购得。

Caution: Potential equipment damage. The surge suppressor must be
connected to an earth ground to function properly.

告诫

：潜在设备损坏。该浪涌抑制器必须与功能保护接地相连。

Connecting a GPS Timing System 连接 GPS 时钟

Power down the recorder and disconnect the internal battery and the power
supply assembly before installing a GPS antenna. Refer to the GPS Timing
Systems User's Guide in the back of this binder for instructions.

在安装 GPS 天线之前先关闭记录器电源和切断内电池与供电装置。请参
考在本指引文件夹后面的 GPS

时间系统使用指南

。

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 47

图 16 GPS 电缆连接

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Caution: Potential equipment damage. The recorder must be powered
down and the internal bat tery and power supply assembly must be
disconnected before connecting a GPS antenna.

告诫

：潜在设备损坏。在连接 GPS天线之前，务须将记录器电源关

闭，并使内置电池与供电装置断开。

Once the antenna is installed, connect the GPS cable's BNC male connector to
the unit's GPS (RF) connector (on the left side of the recorder's enclosure).
Both parts are visible in Figure 16.

一旦天线安装好，请将 GPS 电缆的 BNC 插头连接到该仪器的 GPS(RF)连
接器上（在记录器外壳的左边）。此两部件都显示在图 16 上。

Figure 16: Connecting a GPS cable

48

Setting Up Optional Gain Boards

Refer to the inst alla t io n instructions in the Gain Board Operating Manual (Doc.

302206) for instructions on using gain boards with your recorder.

关于将增益板用于你的记录器的指示请参见
中的安装指引。

安装增益板选件

增益板运行手册

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

(Doc.302206)

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Connecting External Modems 连接外

设 Modems

Connect an external modem to the RS-232 connector on the recorder to
communicate with the recorder remotely. Install the modem according to the
manufacturer's instructions. 将一个外接 modem 与记录器的 RS-232 接口相

连接，以供远程记录器的通信。请按照制造者的指示安装 modem。
The recorder site must includ e a power supp ly fo r the ex tern al mode m. In orde r

to maintain remote modem communication in case of a mains power supply
failure, you must provide the modem with a back-up power system. 在记录器

场所必须包含一个外接 modem 的供电源。为了在主电源失效的情况下维
持远程 modem 通信，你必须为 modem 提供后备电源。

Preparing a Modem Cable 准备 Modem 连接电缆

Prepare the modem cable according to th e s ch emat ic in F igu r e 17 o r pu r ch as e a
modem cable from Kinemetrics. 请按照图 17 示意准备 modem 电缆或从
Kinemetrics公司购买 modem 电缆。

Make sure the recorder and modem are both un-powered before plugging the
modem cable into the recorder. Then plug the military-style end of the modem
cable into the RS-232 port and connect the DB-25 connector on the other end

of the cable in to the mod em. 确证在将 modem 电缆插进记录器之前记录器

和 modem 双方都切断了电源。然后将 modem 的军用型端头插进 RS-232
口，并连接电缆另一端的 DB-25 连接器到 modem。

Figure 17: Modem cable to connect to recorder unit

图 17 调制解调器电缆连接记录器单元

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 49

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Connecting to a Telephone System 连接到电话系统

Plug one end of the telephone cable into the external modem jack labeled Line
and the other end into the wall jack. As with the internal modem, we
recommend installing a surge suppressor. A suitable surge suppressor is
available from Kinemetrics (P/N 851293). 将电话电缆一端插进外接 modem

标记有 Line 的接口，并将另一端插进墙上电话接口。如用内置 modem,我
们建议安装一个浪涌抑制器。Kinemetrics 公司可提供适配的浪涌抑 制器
(P/N 851293)。

Verifying Modem Operation 检验 Modem 的运转

To verify the operation of your inte rnal o r exte rnal mod em, you need to be sure
that the recorder can both answer and place a phone call. 为检验你的内置或
外接 modem 的运行，你必须肯定记录器能回答和打出一个电话。

 The recorder modem’s initialization string (ATS0 = 1 for a Hayes-

compatible modem) should be set to allo w Auto Answer. (See the

QuickTalk/QuickLook manual for more detailed information.) 记录
器 mode 的设定初值字串(初始化字串)(对于 Hayes-兼容
modemATS0=1)应置于允许自动回答。（若需更多详细信息请参
见 QuickTalk/QuickLook 手册）

50

 Using the Terminal Window, put the recorder into answer mode by

typing Answer at the prompt. 使用终端窗口，在提示处键入
Answer将记录器置成回答模式。

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DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

 Call the recorder using a PC with a modem. Verify that the recorder

answers the call and that the PC at the other end can communicate
with the system. 用带有 modem 的 PC 机呼叫记录器。检验记录
器回答呼叫，并且 PC 机在另一端能与系统通信。

 To verify that the recorder can make a call, use the QuickTalk modem

parameter screen to enable th e Auto Call mode for loss of AC power.

为了检验记录器能做电话呼叫，使用 QuickTalkmodem 参数屏幕
能置成自动呼叫模式；不过该自动呼叫模式会损耗交流电力的。

 Set the primary number for the recorder to call. 设置记录器要呼叫

的首要号码。

 Download these parameters. 下载这些参数。
 Use Terminal Window and enable Auto Call mode. 使用终端窗

口和置成自动呼叫模式。

 Disconnect the PSA from the recorder. The recorder shou ld now

initiate a call. 从记录器断开 PSA；现在记录器将会发出一个电
话呼叫。

Powering Down 切断电源

To power down the re corder , read t he followi ng notes carefull y and th en mov e
the OPER/STBY switch to STBY. 为了关闭记录器电源，请仔细地阅读下
列注释，并且然后拨动 OPER/STBY 开关到 STBY。

Caution: Potential data loss. Do not disconnect the leads to the recorder's
internal battery until the recorder is in STBY mode. This enables the system
to close any open files and shut down in an orderly manner.

告诫

：潜在数据丢失。在记录器处于 STBY 模式之前，绝不能断开记录

器的电池线夹。这将使系统能关闭任何打开的文件和以有秩序的方式停
止。

Note: When the internal battery voltage drops to < 10.6V, a normal battery

注释：当内置电池下降到＜10.6V 时，一个正常的电池放电循环警告记录

discharge cycle alerts the recorder processor to close any ope n f il es and
shut down the unit in an orderly fashion. When power is restored, the
recorder will automatically turn on.

器处理器以关闭任何打开的文件和以有秩序的方式将仪器停止运
行。而当电力恢复时记录器将自动打开。

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 51

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

Documenting the Installation 安装建
档

Remember to document the following aspects of your installation:
将下列你的安装情况记入文档：

 The e xact l o cat ion of the unit 仪器的准确位置
 The orientation of each sensor 每个传感器的方向

We recommend that you take a photograph of the recorder along with each
optional external sensor to record its orientation. In addition, prepare detailed
instructions on how to acce ss th e re cord er in clud ing maps, contact in formati on ,
and clear directions for entering the structure that
houses the unit. Experience has taught us that such records are extremely useful.
In an emergency, untrained personnel might need to visit the site to retrieve
data.

我们建议你对记录器连同每一个外接传感器拍一张照片，以记录它的方
位。另外，请准备关于如何访问记录器的详细指引，包括地图、联系接
触信息、以及进入该仪器柜室所在的房屋结构的清楚的指示。经验教育
我们这样记录极为有用。因为在紧急情况下，从未到过此地的人员可能
访问此场地回收数据。

52

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DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

3. Configuring &
Operating

Overview 总论

Instruments

The recorder can be configured to gather data for both strong and weak motion
applications; the purpose of your installation will determine the triggering and

filter parameters that you set. 记录器可以设置成收集强震动和弱震动两方
面使用的数据；你的安装目标将决定你要设置的触发和滤波器参数。

This chapter includes basic operating instructions and will frequently refer you
to the Using QuickTalk & QuickLook Software User’s Guide (Doc. 302208, in

the back of this binder) for further specific instructions. 本章包含基本的操作

指引，并且对于更进一步的详细指示将请你经常查阅 QuickTalk &
QuickLook

软件使用指南

(Doc. 302208,在本文件夹后面)。

设置和操

作仪器

Configuring Instruments 设置仪器

The K2 and Makalu are versatile instruments that can be used for a variety of
tasks. In this chapter we explain the different ways to configure them in order
to record the kind of data you want. More detail on the firmware operation is

included in the Reference chapter. K2 和 Makalu 都是可供多种任务使用的

通用型仪器。在本章里，我们将阐明设置它们的不同方法以记录你所要
的数据种类。关于固件运行的更多细节包含在

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 53

参考资料

一章里。

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

The K2 and Makalu are no rmally used as event triggered reco rders. To operate
them correctly, both what will be recorded and what will trigger the unit to
record need to be set up. The settings that affect these functions can be divided
into the following areas: K2 和 Makalu 通常是作为事件触发式记录器使

用。为正确操作它们，必须明确提出什么是要记录的和什么是触发仪器
进行记录的两者。影响这些功能的设置可以分别进入如下区域：

 Station parameters — These determine which channels are recorded

and information on the instrument. 台站参数——这些确定所记录
的通道和关于仪器的信息。

 Stream parameters — These determine what sampling rate the

instrument will record at, how the data will be filtered, and how long
before the trigger and after th e de-trigger the unit will record. 数据流

参数——这些确定仪器记录时所使用的采样率、数据滤波的方
法、以及使仪器触发前和触发以后将记录的数据流要多长。

 Channel trigger parameters — These select what type of seismic

signal will cause an individual channel to be considered triggered. 通
道触发参数——这些选择将导致一个单独通道作为考虑触发的地
震信号的类型。

 Trigger voting parameters — These determine what combination of

triggered channels and external inputs are required to cause the unit to
trigger and record. 触发投票参数——这些确定为导致仪器触发记
录的触发通道和外部输入的结合。

The following figure illustrates these areas so you can see how they relate to
the flow of data th rough the inst rument. 下图举例说明这些区域，你能看到
它们是如何与通过仪器的数据流联系的。

Figure 18: Flow of data through Altus instruments

54

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

OUTPUT FROM

ANALOG TO

DIGITAL

CONVERTER

0=Not Triggered
1=Triggered

0=Channel Not
Selected for
Triggering

2000

sps

INDIVIDUAL CHANNEL FILTERING AND TRIGGERING

STREAM PARAMETER SELECTION

ACAUSAL

FIR

FILTER AND

DECIMATE

OR

CAUSAL

FIR

FILTER AND

DECIMATE

OUTPUT

TRIGGER

CHANNEL 1

MULTIPLY BY

CHANNEL

WEIGHT

OUTPUT

TRIGGER

CHANNEL 2

MULTIPLY BY

CHANNEL

WEIGHT

START RECORDING IF SUM EXCEEDS VOTES TO TRIGGER

STOP RECORDING WHEN SUM IS LESS THAN VOTES TO DE-TRIGGER

DATA STREAM

TO POTENTIALLYRECORD

250 SPS
OUTPUT

OR

200 SPS
OUTPUT

OR

100 SPS
OUTPUT

OR

FILTERED

DATA

CHANNEL TRIGGER PARAMETER

IIR-A

CLASSIC
STRONG
MOTION

OR

IIR-C

TRIGGER FILTER TYPE TRIGGER TYPE

INSTRUMENT TRIGGERING

OUTPUT

TRIGGER

CHANNEL 3

MULTIPLY BY

CHANNEL

WEIGHT

CHANNEL

N TRIGGER

MULTIPLY BY

CHANNEL

WEIGHT

OUTPUT

SUM ALL WEIGHTED TRIGGER INPUTS

OR

EXTERNAL

MULTIPLY BY

CHANNEL

WEIGHT

SELECTION

TRIGGER

CHANNEL

SELECTED FOR

RECORDING

THRESHOLD

TRIGGER

CRITERIA

OR

STA/LTA
TRIGGER
CRITERIA

TRIGGER

KEYBOARD

MULTIPLY BY

CHANNEL

WEIGHT

DATA TO RECORD WHEN

TRIGGERED

CHANNEL
TRIGGER

OUTPUT

图 18 通过 Altus 仪器的数据流
Other instrument parameters have to be set to determine how the instrument

handles: 其它的仪器参数必须设置以确定仪器如何操作：

 Data storage configuration – Where files are stored and the

instrument’s directory structure. 数据存储配置—文件存储地点和
仪器目录结构。

 Communication options — These determ i ne the m odem settings, how

power to a cellular phone is co ntrolled, and when th e recorder calls
you. 通信选项—这些确定 modem设置，如何控制便携电话供
电，以及何时记录器呼叫你。

 Digital field station configuration — These determine whether or

what data is sent on the auxiliary digital output port. 数字野外台站
配置—这些确定在辅助数字输出口的数据是否送出。

 Serial data stream configuration— These determine if real time

packetized data is sent out on the RS2 3 2 port. 串行数据流配置—
这些确定在 RS-232 口实时打包数据是否送出。

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 55

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

 Sensor settings — These allow you to change the information that is

stored on the sensors. 传感器设置—这些允许你改变存储在传感
器上的信息。

 Security and passwords 安全和密码

The majority of these options can be set up u sing QuickTalk’s graphical user
interface, although some of the options require you to use the Terminal Mode
to set them up using text based commands. 这些选项大都可通过使用

QuickTalk 图形用户界面设置，尽管有些选项需要你使用终端模式将它们
用基于文本的指令给予设置。

Station Parameter Selection 台站参数选择

In the station parameters, the most important setting is which channels to
record. More detailed information is available in the Using QuickTalk &
QuickLook Software User’s Guide, including material on the location and
identification of the unit. See the Setting Station Parameters section of the

QuickTalk manual to complete the setup. 在台站参数里，最重要的设置是
哪一个通道记录。更详细的信息包括关于仪器的场所和识别均可在

QuickTalk & QuickLook

软件使用指南

QuickTalk 手册中 Setting Stat i on Parame t e r s

中了解。为了完成设置，请参考

设置台站参数

一节。

S

ELECTING CHANNELS TO RECORD 配置记录通道

Although the K2 may have four, six or twelve channels and the Makalu three
or six channels, you may not need to record them all for a given experiment.
Select only those channels connected to sensors that are active in a specific
experiment — otherwise you will be wasting the recorder’s memory on
unwanted data. 虽然 K2 可以有 4、6 或 12 通道和 Makalu 有 3 或 6 通

道，但对于一个给定的实验你无需记录它们全部。只选择那些连接有传
感器在该特定实验中起作用的通道即可，——否则你将为记录无用的数
据浪费记录器内存。

Stream Parameter Selection 数据流参数选择

The most important decision is what data to record and at what data rate. This
is a trade-off between the bandwidth of the data and both the number of
minutes of data you can record and how long the event will take to retrieve
over a telephone line or other communications link. To complete the setup,
refer to Setting Stream Parameters in the Using QuickTalk & QuickLook

Software User’s Guide. 最重要的决定是用什么数据率记录什么数据。这
是数据带宽与你能记录的数据分钟数量及将通过电话线或其它通信链路
回收取得的事件有多长两者之间的一个权衡。为了完成此设置，请参考

QuickTalk & QuickLook

数据流参数

一节 。

软件使用指南

中的 Setting Stream Para meters

设置

56

R

ECORDED DATA RATE 记录数据采样率

The sampling rate you wish to record depends on the bandwidth of the signal
you are interested in and the frequency response of the sensors connected to

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

your system. The "useable" bandwidth of the instrument is 40% of the
sampling rate. For example, at 100 samples per second (sps) you can record
signals in the 0-40 Hz range, with 200 sps 0-80 Hz, and with 250 sps 0-100 Hz.
A further restriction is the b andw id th of the s e nso r you are using. If it is limited
to 20Hz it would have no value recording at 200 or 250 sps as the sensor limits
the bandwidth. Histo rical ly , strong motion reco rding has been at 200 sp s, wh ile
seismological recording has often used the 100 sps rate. Obviously, an event
file recorded at 200 sps will be almost twice as long as one recorded at 100 sps
and will take almost twice as long to transfer over a communications link. You

must evaluate this trade-off. 你所要求的记录采样率取决于你感兴趣的信

号带宽和连接到你的系统的传感器的频率响应。仪器的“可用的”带宽
是采样率的 40% 。例如，在每秒 100 采样(100sps)时你能够记录 0-40Hz
范围的信号，而对 200sps 则为 0-80Hz ，对 250sps 则为 0-100Hz 。更进
一步的约束是你所使用的传感器的带宽。如果该传感器带宽限制在
20Hz，那它用 200 或 250sps 来记录也是毫无价值的。从历史观点上说，
强震动记录有过 200sps 的，而地震记录则常用 100sps 的采样率。显然，
一个用 200sps 记录的事件文件几乎是用 100sps 记录长度的两倍，并且通
过通讯链路传输也要几乎多两倍。你必须估计这个权衡。

Note: 200 samples per second was used historically when the instrument's

effective bandwidth was limited by the roll off of the analog anti-alias
filters. For a 200 Hz sampling rate the filter cut off was normally 50
Hz. With a digital anti-alias filter the cutoff at 200 Hz samples will be
80 Hz, a much higher effective bandwidth.

注释： 每秒 200 采样在过去是用在仪器有效带宽受模拟 anti-alias 滤波器

通频带平段截止的限制时。对于 200Hz 采样率，模拟滤波器截断
频率通常是 50Hz 。用数字 anti-alias 滤波器，其截断频率在

200Hz 采样时将是 80Hz，这是非常高的有效带宽。

Supported sampling rates are 20, 40, 50, 100, 200 and 250 sps. 支持的采样
率是 20、40、50、100、200 及 250sps 。

RE-EVENT TIME 事件前时间（事件前存储时间，秒）

P

The setting allows you to determine how many seconds of data before the
trigger criteria were met will be recorded in the event file. For strong motion
applications this is normally set to a few seconds so you can determine the
noise before the start of the event. The factory default is ten seconds. 此设置

允许你确定拟记录在事件文件里满足触发标准之前的数据要多少秒数，
亦即触发前存储的缓冲数据，又称事件前存储时间（以秒计）。对于强
震动应用，通常设置十数秒钟以供你确定事件前的噪声即可。工厂设置
默认值是 10 秒钟。

For weak motion recording, especially if you expect the system to be triggered
on the S-waves, the situation is more complex. In this case, the pre-event
should be sufficiently long to allow any P-waves from an event within the
region of interest to be reco rded. This ti me can be es timated by th e trav el ti mes
of the P and S waves from the most distant point of interest. The difference

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 57

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

between these times, with some allowance fo r a true pre-event time, g ives the
setting for the pre-event time. The maximum allowed setting is dependent on
the amount of RAM in the recorder and the number of channels b eing recorded .
A table showing the maximum settings is contained in the Using QuickTalk &

QuickLook Software User’s Guide/QuickLook manual in the Setting Stream
Parameters section. 对于弱震记录，特别是如果你指望系统由 S 波触

发，则此情况更为复杂。在此场合，事件前时间应该有足够地长以允许
来自所感兴趣地区的事件的任何 P 波都能被记录到。该时间可以从感兴
趣的最远点由 P 波和 S 波的走时来估计。可用这两者时间之差额加上少
许宽容作为真实的事件前时间，给出事件前时间的设置。这最大允许的
设置取决于记录器里 RAM 的总量和进行记录的通道数。关于出示最大设
置的列表包含在 Using QuickTa lk & QuickLook Software User’s Guide 使用
指南 / QuickLook 手册里的 Setting Stream Par a meters 节中。

OST EVENT TIME 事件后时间（事件后保持时间，秒）

P

The post event time determines how many seconds after the system has de­triggered will be recorded in the file. It also determines how likely events are to
be split into separate files. This is because if the system re-triggers during the
post event the file will just be extended. If the post event is set too short,
several files could be created from the same event. We set the factory default at
ten seconds, which is a reasonable value for strong motion recording . For weak
motion recording this time should be set according to the goals of the study.
Generally, a time of 30 seconds or more should be considered. 事件后时间确

定在系统停止触发后仍拟记录在文件里的时间有多少秒数。它也确定多
少可能事件分开进入各自单独的文件。这因为如果在事件后时间内系统
再触发时该记录文件只是将被延长。而如果事件后时间设置得太短，则
从同一事件中有可能创建几个文件。我们设置这工厂默认值为 10 秒，它
对于强震动记录是合理的。对于弱震动记录该时间则应按照研究目的去
设置。一般说，应考虑为 30 秒或更多时间。

58

INIMUM RUN TIME 最短运行时间

M

This is the minimu m time the recorder will re cord once an event is triggered .
Formerly, it was used to ensure a complete sequence of time code was recorded
with the event, but th is is not required anymore. Generally , the pre-event and
post-event now give sufficient con trol over the event timing. For this reason we

set the factory default to zero seconds. 这是一旦事件触发记录器将记录的

最短时间。过去，它是用来保证随事件记录一个完整的时间代码的，但
是现在不再需要了。一般说，现在事件前和事件后时间已对事件计时从
头到尾给出了足够的控制。由于这个道理，我们设置这工厂默认值为 0
秒。

Channel Triggering 通道触发

Although you will need to read most sections to determine what is appropriate
for your application, we have split the triggering system into two sections. If
you are just interested in recording "strong motion" events when the ground or
structure shakes significantly, you will find instructions on setting triggers in
the Triggering for Strong Motion Recording section. If you are interested in

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

recording weak events that are very close to the local seismic noise, you should
read Triggering and Recording Weak Motion Applications. After you read the
relevant section you will be able to set up each channel’s triggering
appropriately for your application. The triggering should be set up using the

Using QuickTalk & QuickLook Software User’s Guide Setting Channel
Parameters section. 虽然你将阅读许多章节以确定对你的应用而言什么

是合适的，我们现将触发系统分别写进了两节。如果你只是对记录当地
面或结构明显震动时的“强震动”事件感兴趣，你将可在 Triggering for

Strong Motion Recording

强震动记录用的触发

节里找到相关设置触发器的
指示。如果你感兴趣记录非常接近于当地地震噪声的弱震事件，你应该
阅读 Triggering and Recording Weak Motion Applications

和记录

节。在你读完相关章节后，你将能设置适合你使用的各通道触发

参数。请参考 Using QuickTalk & QuickLook Software

弱震动应用的触发

使用指南

中的

Setting Channel Parameters节。

Triggering in Strong Motion Applications 强震动应用的触发

For strong motion reco rding you wi ll want to re cord the stron gest motion from
an earthquake that can be felt and possibly cause damage to buildings and other
structures. Normally, a simple threshold trigger will be sufficient to reliably
trigger the recorder. As these are sensitive instruments, it is also possible to
record much weaker motions using the threshold trigger. The tradeoff to
consider is how you will re trieve the data and how to ensure that there wi ll be

room for the "big one" if you have very sensitive threshold trigger levels. 对

于记录强震动你将要从一个有感的和可能产生建筑物、结构物损坏的地
震记录最强的震动。通常地，一个简单的阈值触发器就足够作为记录器
的可靠的触发器了。就灵敏的仪器而言，使用阈值触发器记录许多弱震
动也是可行的。如果你用非常灵敏的阈值触发水准，考虑权衡是你将回
收的数据有多少和如何保证将会有为“big one”的空间。

The threshold trigger has two parameters for each channel. The first is the
threshold trigger, which is the level in percent of full scale that causes the
channel to trigge r. The default valu e for this is 2%. The second parameter is the
threshold de-trigger. This is the value in percent of full scale the signal must
fall below after triggering for the chann el to detrigg er. The defaul t value is 2%.
The detrigger parameter can be used for extending the recording time by

setting it to a smaller value than the threshold trigger value. 阈值触发器对每

个通道有两个参数。第一个参数是触发阈值，它是导致通道触发的水准
（标准），以满量程的百分比计。此默认值为 2% 。第二个参数是停止触
发阈值。这是在触发之后信号必须降到该值水平之下以使通道停止触
发，以满量程的百分比计。其默认值为 2% 。将停止触发参数设置成一个
比触发阈值量值要小的值就能够被用来延长记录时间。

For strong motion recording you will normally select the non-causal final filter
for the final FIR anti-aliasing filter. The non-causal filter has a linear phase
response that is equivalent to a pure-time delay, and the phase of the
acceleration signal is undistorted. This is the default setting for the final filter.

对于强震动记录通常地你将选用非诱导最终滤波器作为最终有限脉冲响
应 FIR anti-alias 滤波器。这非诱导滤波器有线性相位响应，即是等价于纯

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL 59

DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

时间延迟，并且加速度信号的相位是不失真的。这是最终滤波器的默认
设置。

LARMS 警报器

A

The recorder has an additional set of thresholds called alarm threshold
parameters. These are spe cified as a percentag e of the full-scale inp ut and can
be set independently for each channel. They are set in the channel trigger
parameters window. When a channel’s triggered filtered data exceeds this
threshold, the hardware alarm is activated and if the unit is in block
communication mode a status packet is sent with the alarm indicator set. The
hardware alarm output is available as a CMOS-compatible signal on the
auxiliary connector. (See Chapter 6 for more information.) 记录器有称着为

报警阈值参数的附加阈值设置。这些阈值是以满量程输入的百分数指定
的，并且对每个通道能独立地设置。它们是设置在通道触发参数窗口中
的。当一个通道的触发滤波数据超出该阈值时，硬件警报器即动作，并
且如果仪器处于块通信模式时随着报警指示器设置将送出一个状况信息
包。该硬件警报器输出是可用作为在辅助连接器上的一个 CMOS-兼容信
号。

Triggering in Weak Motion Applications 弱震动应用的触发

The recorder includes the following features for use in seismological
applications: 对于地震学的应用记录器包含下列特性：

 The a bili ty to se le ct causal FIR filters for digitized data that have no

precursors that can affect phase picking. 有能力对于数字化的数据
选择诱导有限脉冲响应 causal FIR 滤波器，它没有可以影响相位
提取的先兆。

 Three different trigger filters that allo w the trigger band of interest to

be optimized. 有三个不同的触发滤波器可允许优选感兴趣的触发
带宽。

 STA/LTA triggering to support the recording of small amplitude

events. 采用 STA/LTA 触发方式支持记录小振幅事件。

The use of these spec ific fe ature s is d iscussed b elow. 下面讨论这三个特性的
利用。

AUSAL FILTERS 诱导滤波器

C

The recorder has a two-stage high-order anti-aliasing filter system that offers
extremely steep ("b rickwall") roll-off combin ed with decimation of d ata. You
can select between the causal or non-causal versions of these filters depending

on your application. 记录器有一个 2-级高阶 anti-alias 滤波系统，它用数

据筛选办法提供通频带极为陡峭的平段截止结合处(“brickwall”)。你可以
按照你的应用需要在滤波器的诱导或非诱导两种方式之间选取。

60

Use the final causal fi lter for precise seis mic phase picking (this type of filter
does not generate precu rsors that might interfere w ith determining the precise
onset time). Use the non-causal final filter to avoid phase distortion of the

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DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

signal. 为了精确的地震相位提取请使用最终诱导滤波器(此型滤波器不
产生可以干扰确定准确的初始时间的先兆)。若为避免信号的相位失真则
请使用非诱导最终滤波器。

The non-causal filter has a linear phase response that is equivalent to a pure­time delay, and the phase of the seismic signal is undistorted. Therefore, there
is no need for de-convolution of seismic signals when using these filters if you
are primarily concerned with phase distortion. The degree to which their pass­band amplitude characteristics modify seismic signals is tolerable in most
seismological appl ications. 非诱导滤波器有等价于纯时间延迟的线性相位

响应，并且地震信号的相位是不失真的。因此，如果你主要关注相位失
真当，使用此类滤波器时可无需顾忌如何消除地震信号相位失真问题。
至于滤波器的通带振幅特性对地震信号影响的程度在大多数地震学应用
中是可以容许的。

ASCII files containing the coefficients of all these filters can be downloaded
from the Kinemetrics Web site or at ftp:\\ftp.kinemetrics.com. 包含所有这些
滤波器系数的 ASCII 文件可从 Kinemetrics Web 网址或在
ftp:\\ftp.kinemetrics.com上下载。

Configure causal FIR filtering as follows: 配置诱导 FIR 滤波如下：

。

Start QuickTalk. 启动 QuickTalk

1. Select Recorder and Acquisitio n Co ntrol , then click on Edit Parame ters.

The Edit Parameters dialog box appears. 选择 Recorder(记录器)和

Acquisition Control(获取控 制)，然后点击 Edit Parameters(编辑参
数)。 Edit Parameters 对话框呈现。

2. Click on From Recorder or From Disk to specify the source of the

parameter file you want to edit. 点击 From Recorder(源自记录器 )或
From Disk(源自磁盘)以指定你要编辑的参数文件的来源

3. Click on Streams. The Stream Parameters dialog box appears. 点击

Streams (数据流)。Stream Parameters 对话框呈现。

4. Select Causal in the final Anti-Alias Filter selection box. This will select a

filter with a bandwidth of 40% of the sampling frequency and an
asymmetrical impulse response with no ringing before the signal, but more

ringing after the impuls e. 在 final Anti-Alias Filter(最终 Anti Alias 滤波
器)选择栏内选择 Causal (诱导)。这将选择具有带 宽为采样频率的
40%的滤波器，并且具有信号之前没有反应而脉冲之后即反应的不对
称脉冲响应。

5. Click on OK, then save the parameters file to the recorder (or to disk, if

you plan to install the parameters file on the recorder later). 点击 OK(同

意)，于是保存 参数文 件到记录器 (或保存到磁盘，如果你计划梢后安
装参数文件到记录器的话)。

Or, enter these parameters in the Terminal Window Parameter Editor with the

Stream Filter command . Refe r to the Using QuickTalk & QuickLook Software
User’s Guide for more information.

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DOCUMENT 302200, REVISION I

或者，用 Stream Filter 命令将这些参数输入到 Terminal Window
Parameter Editor(终端窗口参数编辑器)中。为取得更多信息请参考 Using

QuickTalk & QuickLook Software User’s Guide

T

RIGGER FILTERS 触发滤波器

使用指南

。

Your selection of a pre-trigger filter is determined by your application, by
seismic noise conditions at the site, and by the type of sensors installed with the
recorder. The pre-trigger filter pass-band should encompass the maximum
energy of expected seismic events. The filter you select should have a pass­band that doesn’t coincide with the peak frequency components of seismic

noise at the site, thus d iscriminating again st seismic noise (see F igure 19). 你

的预触发滤波器的选择是由你的应用、仪器所在场地地震噪声环境以及
与记录器配用的传感器的类型所决定的。该预触发滤波器通带应包含预
期地震事件的最大能量。你所选择的滤波器的通带应该与仪器场地地震
噪声的峰值频率分量不相符合，从而可识别地震噪声(见图 19)。

Figure 19: Typical trigger filter response

62

图 19 典型的触发滤波器响应

The frequency response function of the seismic sensor modifies event and
noise signals and thus is an important factor in your choice. If the frequ ency
content of events an d of seismic noise occur in th e same frequency band, the

trigger filter wi ll be inefficient . 地震传感器的频响函数改变了事件和噪声

信号，因而在你的选择中是一个重要的因子。如果满足事件的频率与满
足地震噪声的频率都出现在同一频带内，那这触发滤波器将是不能胜任
的。

The recorder has three band-pass filters with different low- and high-corner
frequencies. Note that the corner frequencies scale according to the sampling

rate. Some examples are as follows: 记录器有着三个具有不同的低的和高

ALTUS DIGITAL RECORDER USER MANUAL