Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)
KA1224MPPT20A - KA1224MPPT40A
Solar Charge Controller
User Manual
Model
Battery voltage
Max. solar panel voltage
Charging current
Version: 1.03
The above information is subject to change without prior notice.
KA1224MPPT20A
100V(25℃)，90V(-25℃)
20A
KA1224MPPT40A
12V/24V
40A
1. PRODUCT INTRODUCTION
Ÿ This product is designed to monitor a solar panel's generated power, tracking the
highest voltage and current values in real time. This allows the charging of your
battery to its highest potential, enabling the maximum power output.
Ÿ Can be used on all types of solar panels.
Ÿ The product features an easy to read LCD display allowing you to check and adjust
parameters by using the direction keys below the screen. This also allows you to
modify your controller to best suit your system.
Ÿ With built-in diagnostics technology, the controller is able to identify faults and
display error codes for ease of troubleshooting.
1.1 Exterior Interface
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
⑧ ⑨
⑩
Fig. 1-1 Product appearance and interfaces
No. No.
Item
①
Charging indicator
②
Battery indicator
③
Load indicator
④
Abnormality indicator
⑤
LCD screen
⑥
Operating keys
⑦
Installation hole
⑧
Solar panel "+" interface
⑨
Solar panel "-" interface
⑩
⑪
⑫
⑬
⑭
⑮
⑦
⑪ ⑫ ⑬⑭ ⑮
Item
Battery "+" interface
Battery "-" interface
Load "+" interface
Load "-" interface
External temperature sampling interface
RJ12 communication interface
2. INSTALLING CONTROLLER
Ÿ Take care when installing lead acid batteries, always wear correct safety equipment.
Ÿ Keep terminals protected from foreign metal objects to ensure terminals don’t short.
Ÿ Make sure battery is sufficiently ventilated.
Ÿ Keep battery away from open flames.
Ÿ Make sure battery is protected from direct sunlight and rain/water intrusion.
Ÿ Loose connections or corrosion to the terminals can cause excessive heat which may
melt wiring.
Ÿ Always use insulated tools and keep hands dry when carrying out installation.
Ÿ Always follow the safety advice given by the battery manufacturer.
Ÿ Connect the controllers earth terminal to ground.
2.1 Wiring Specifications
Wiring installation must comply with with national and local electrical specifications.
The wiring specifications of the battery and loads must be selected correctly to the size of
the maximum output current.
See table below for correct wiring specifications:
Model
Rated charging
current
ML2420 20A 20A
ML2440
40A 20A
2.2 Installation and Wiring
Risk of explosion! Never install the
controller and battery together in
a sealed environment where
battery gas may accumulate.
Solar panels connected in series
can produce a high voltage.
Always disconnect battery whilst
connecting any wiring to
controller.
When installing controller, make
!
sure it is in a well ventilated area
(see fig 2.1)
Rated discharging
current
≥150 mm
≥150 mm
Fig. 2.1 Installation and heat dissipation
Battery wire
diameter (mm2)
10
5
mm
Hot air
Cold air
mm
2
2
Load wire
diameter (mm2)
2
5
mm
2
5
mm
3. PRODUCT OPERATION AND DISPLAY
CHOOSING AN INSTALLATION SITE
Keep controller away from direct sunlight or high temperatures.
This will ensure that you get the maximum efficiency from your controller.
Make sure area is well ventilated and away from any moisture.
MOUNTING THE CONTROLLER
Using the template provided, mark 4 holes on flat surface area intended for
controller. Screw into flat surface and line up mounting holes on controller and hang
controller.
BEFORE OPERATION
Make sure all connections are tight, secure and that all fuses and circuit breakers are ok.
If the LCD screen fails to turn on, remove fuse from battery and check that all
connections have been made correctly.
Once LCD screen turns on manually test that the load is switching on and off.
When controller is charging, always disconnect the load before disconnecting your
battery. This will save your controller from any possible damage.
Within 10 minutes after the controller stops charging, reversely connecting battery
will result in damage to the controller.
Never connect an inverter, fridge, or other accessory requiring consistent, reliable
power directly to the load side of the controller. Always connect your inverter and
accessories directly to your battery, fused appropriately.
3.1 LED Indicators
PV array indicator
BAT indicator
LOAD indicator
ERROR indicator
PV array indicator:
No.
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
Graph
BAT indicator:
Indicator state
Steady on
Slow flashing
Quick flashing
(a cycle of 2s with on and off each lasting for 1s)
(a cycle of 0.2s with on and off each lasting for 0.1s)
LOAD indicator:
Indicator state
Off
Quick flashing (a cycle of 0.2s with on and off each lasting for 0.1s)
Steady on
Indicating the controller's current charging mode.
Indicating the battery's current state.
Indicating the load'
s On/ Off and state.
Indicating whether the controller is functioning normally.
Indicator state
Steady on
Slow flashing
(a cycle of 2s with on and off each lasting for 1s)
Single flashing
(a cycle of 2s with on and off lasting respectively for
0.1s and 1.9s)
Quick flashing
(a cycle of 0.2s with on and off each lasting for 0.1s)
Double flashing
(a cycle of 2s with on for 0.1s, off for 0.1s, on again
for 0.1s, and off again for 1.7s)
Off
Battery state
Normal battery voltage
Battery over-discharged
Battery over-voltage
Battery state
Load turned off
Load overloaded/ short-circuited
Load functioning normally
Charging state
MPPT charging
Boost charging
Floating charging
Equalizing charging
Current-limited
charging
No charging
ERROR indicator:
Indicator state
Off
Steady on
Battery state
System operating normally
System malfunctioning
3.2 Key Operations
Up
Down
Return
Set
Page up; increase the parameter value in setting
Page down; decrease the parameter value in setting
Return to previous menu (exit without saving)
Enter into sub-menu; set/save; Turn
on/off loads (in manual mode)
3.3 LCD Startup and Main Interface
Nighttime
Charging
stage
System
voltage
Daytime
Solar panel
Setting
Charging
port
3.3.1 Startup interface
Battery
AbnormalityBluetoothSerial
Discharging
Load
Parameter value
Unit
Battery type
During startup, the 4 indicators will first flash successively, and after self-inspection, the LCD
screen starts and displays the battery's voltage level which will be either a fixed voltage
selected by the user or a voltage automatically recognized.
3.3.2 Main interface
Main monitoring page
Component voltage
Charging current
Battery voltage
Load current
Charging capacity
Discharging capacity
Device temperature
Load mode
Abnormality code
3.4 Load Mode Setting Interface
3.4.1 Load modes introduction
This controller has 5 load operating modes which will be described below:
NO. MODE
0
1-14
Solar
(Switched based on
solar state)
Solar Controlled +
Duration
(Switched based on
solar state and
mode 1-14)
15
17
Manual Mode
Constant Power
Mode
Controlled
5 minutes after sunlight is no longer
present, the load will be switched on.
The load will remain on until 1 minute
after sunlight returns.
5 minutes after sunlight is no longer
present, the load will be switched on.
The load will then remain on for a period
of hours specified by the mode number
- ie. mode 2 = 2 hours, before switching
off.
Load output is switched manually
using arrow keys on controller.
Load output remains powered on
continuously.
DESCRIPTION
3.4.2 LOAD MODE ADJUSTMENT
Press the set key until the load mode screen appears,then press and hold the set key to
enter press the up and down key to desired setting then press and hold the set key to save
and exit.
Load mode
Press and hold the
Set key to enter
Tap the Up or
Down key to set the mode
Press and hold the
Set key to save and exit
UP DOWN RETURN SET
Tap the Return
key to exit
without saving
4. PRODUCT PROTECTION AND MAINTENANCE
Waterproof
Waterproof level: IP32
Battery reverse polarity protection
If the battery is connected in reverse the controller will not turn on, as to protect the
controller from component damage.
Solar input high voltage protection
If the solar panel array voltage is too high, the controller will automatically shut down.
Solar input short circuit protection
If the solar panel has a short circuit, the controller will stop working until the short is rectified.
The controller will then start working normally again.
Solar panel reverse polarity protection
If the solar panel is reversely connected, the controller will stay illuminated however there will
be no power fed to the battery The controller will return to normal operation once the wiring
has been corrected.
Load overpower protection
When the load power exceeds the rated power value, the load will enter into delay protection.
Load short circuit protection
If the load is short circuited, the controller will protect the load by shutting it down this can
happen 5 times per day without affecting the controller.
Reverse charging protection at night
This function will protect the battery from discharging through the solar panel at night.
Over temperature protection
Chg-P : /%
100%
95%
85%
80%
75%
65%
60%
55%
45%
40%
35%
25%
20%
15%
5%
0
66
65 6 7 6 8 69 70 71 72 7 3 7 4 75 76 77 7 8 7 90
Tem-M OS :/ ℃
Fig. 4-1
4.1 System Maintenance
To maintain the controller's performance it is recommended that the
following maintenance be carried out.
Ÿ Make sure there is enough air flow around and behind controller
Ÿ Ensure cooling fins are free of dirt or debris.
Ÿ Check for any exposed wiring between solar panel and battery and also check the load
if applicable.
Ÿ Check that indicators are working correctly and check for fault codes in data analysis
page, repair faults if recorded
Ÿ Check all terminal screws are tight and that there is no corrosion on terminals and
wiring
Ÿ If the lightning arrestor has lost its efficiency replace with a new one in a timely manner.
4.2 Abnormality Display
Error
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
12
13 E15
14
15 E18
16 E17
17
Description
display
EO
No abnormality
E1
Battery over-discharge
E2
Battery over-voltage
E3
Battery under-voltage warning
E4
Load short circuit
E5
Load overloaded
E6
Over-temperature inside controller
Battery over temperature (E7 and E16 are
E7
different in that charging and discharging
have separate upper limit protection
temperature)
E8
Solar array overloaded
E10
Solar array over-voltage
E13
Solar array reverse polarity
Battery not connected or lithium battery
feed protection
E16
Battery over temperature (E7 and E16 are
different in that charging and discharging
have separate upper limit protection
temperature)
BMS over-current protection ERROR indicator steady on
Over-temperature inside controller
E20
Battery reverse polarity ERROR indicator steady on
LED indication
ERROR indicator off
BAT indicator flashing slowly ERROR indicator steady on
BAT indicator flashing quickly ERROR indicator steady on
ERROR indicator steady on
LOAD indicator flashing quickly ERROR indicator steady on
LOAD indicator flashing quickly ERROR indicator steady on
ERROR indicator steady on
ERROR indicator steady on
ERROR indicator steady on
ERROR indicator steady on
ERROR indicator steady on
ERROR indicator steady on
ERROR indicator steady on
ERROR indicator steady on
5. PRODUCT SPECIFICATION PARAMETERS
5.1 Electric Parameters
Parameter
Model
System voltage
No-load loss
Battery voltage
Max. solar input voltage
Max. power point voltage
range
Rated charging current
Rated load current
Max. capacitive load
capacity
Max. photovoltaic system
input power
Conversion efficiency
MPPT tracking efficiency
Temperature
compensation factor
Operating temperature
Protection degree
Weight
Communication method
Altitude
Product dimensions
Value
KA1224MPP T2 0A
12V/24VAuto
0.7 W to 1. 2W
9V to 3 5V
100V(25 ℃)9 0V (- 25 ℃)
Bat tery Vo ltage +2V to 75 V
20A
20A
10000uF
260W/12V
520W/24V
≤98%
＞99%
-3mv/℃/2V（def au lt）
-35℃ to + 45 ℃
IP32
1.4Kg 2Kg
RJ 12
≤ 300 0m
210*151*5 9. 5m m
KA1224MPP T4 0A
40A
520W/
12V
W/24V
1040
238*173*7 2. 5m m
5.2 Battery Type Default Parameters (parameters set in monitor software)
PLEASE NOTE: you can access very basic user setup without bluetooth module but to access all will need the module or
When selecting User, the battery type is to be self-customized, and in this case, the default system voltage
parameters are consistent with those of the sealed lead-acid battery. When modifying battery charging
and discharging parameters, the following rule must be followed:
remote screen
Voltage to set
Battery type
Over-voltage cut-off
voltage
Equalizing voltage
Boost voltage
Floating charging
voltage
Boost return voltage
Low-voltage cut-off
return voltage
Under-voltage warning
return voltage
Under-voltage warning
voltage
Low-voltage cut-off
voltage
Discharging limit voltage
Over-discharge time
delay
Equalizing charging
duration
Equalizing charging
interval
Boost charging
duration
Parameters cross-reference table for different types of batteries
Sealed lead-acid
battery
16.0 V
14.6 V
14.4 V
13.8 V
13.2 V
12.6 V
12.2 V
12.0 V
11.1 V
10.6 V
5s
120 minutes
30 days
120 minutes
Gel lead-acid
battery
16.0 V
——
14.2 V
13.8 V
13.2 V
12.6 V
12.2 V
12.0 V
11.1 V
10.6 V
5s
——
0 days
120 minutes
Open lead-acid
battery
16.0 V
14.8 V
14.6 V
13.8 V
13.2 V
12.6 V
12.2 V
12.0 V
11.1 V
10.6 V
5s
120 minutes
30 day s
120minutes
Li Battery
——
——
14.4 V
——
——
12.6 V
——
11.1 V
——
——
——
——
——
User (self-customized)
(0 means the equalizing
charging function is disabled)
10～600 minutes
9～17V
9～17V
9～17V
9～17V
9～17V
9～17V
9～17V
9～17V
9～17V
9～17V
1～30s
0～600 minutes
0～250D
Over-Voltage
Cut-Off Voltage
Over-Voltage
Cut-Off Voltage
Low-Voltage Cut-Off
Return Voltage
Under-Voltage Warning
Return Voltage
Boost Return
Voltage
Charging
Limit Voltage
Over-Voltage Cut-Off
Return Voltage
Low-Voltage Cut-Off
Voltage
Under-Voltage
Warning Voltage
Low-Voltage Cut-Off
Return Voltage
Equalizing
Voltage
Boost
Voltage
Discharging Limit
Voltage
Discharging Limit
Voltage
Floating Charging
Voltage
Boost Return
Voltage
6. CONVERSION EFFICIENCY CURVE
6.1 12V System Conversion Efficiency
MPPT 12V conversion efficiency (12V battery)
Conversion efficiency（%）
Output power（W）
6.2 24V System Conversion Efficiency
MPPT 24V conversion efficiency (24V battery)
Conversion efficiency（%）
Output power（W）
7. PRODUCT DIMENSIONS
238
180
173
72.5
4X 4.5Φ
4X 10Φ
147
KA1224MPPT40A
6X 8Φ
72.5
22
210
123.5
168
151
Product dimensions：238*173*72.5mm
Hole positions：180*147mm
Hole diameter：Φ3mm
Applicable wire: max. 8 AWG
59.5
154
131
8
4X 9Φ
6X 7Φ
9.3
59.5
17
111
143.6
KA1224MPPT20A
Product dimensions：210*151*59.5mm
Hole positions：154*131mm
Hole diameter：Φ3mm
4X 4.5Φ
Applicable wire: max. 8 AWG
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