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Keysight N8262A P-Series
Modular Power Meter
User’s Guide
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Notices
CAUTION
WARNING
Copyright Notice
© Keysight Technologies 2007 - 2017
No part of this manual may be repro-
duced in any form or by any means
(including electronic storage and
retrieval or translation into a foreign
language) without prior agreement and
written consent from Keysight Technologies as governed by United States and
international copyright laws.
Manual Part Number
N8262-90001
Edition
Edition 4, August 4, 2017
Printed in:
Printed in Malaysia
Published by:
Keysight Technologies
Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone,
11900 Penang, Malaysia
Technology Licenses
The hardware and/or software
described in this document are furnished under a license and may be
used or copied only in accordance with
the terms of such license.
Declaration of Conformity
Declarations of Conformity for this
product and for other Keysight products may be downloaded from the
Web. Go to http://www.keysight.com/
go/conformity. You can then search by
product number to find the latest Declaration of Conformity.
U.S. Government Rights
The Software is “commercial computer
software,” as defined by Federal Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”) 2.101. Pursuant to FAR 12.212 and 27.405-3 and
Department of Defense FAR Supplement (“DFARS”) 227.7202, the U.S.
government acquires commercial computer software under the same terms
by which the software is customarily
provided to the public. Accordingly,
Keysight provides the Software to U.S.
government customers under its standard commercial license, which is
embodied in its End User License
Agreement (EULA), a copy of which can
be found at http://www.keysight.com/
find/sweula. The license set forth in the
EULA represents the exclusive authority
by which the U.S. government may use,
modify, distribute, or disclose the Software. The EULA and the license set
forth therein, does not require or permit, among other things, that Keysight:
(1) Furnish technical information
related to commercial computer software or commercial computer software
documentation that is not customarily
provided to the public; or (2) Relinquish
to, or otherwise provide, the government rights in excess of these rights
customarily provided to the public to
use, modify, reproduce, release, perform, display, or disclose commercial
computer software or commercial computer software documentation. No
additional government requirements
beyond those set forth in the EULA
shall apply, except to the extent that
those terms, rights, or licenses are
explicitly required from all providers of
commercial computer software pursuant to the FAR and the DFARS and are
set forth specifically in writing elsewhere in the EULA. Keysight shall be
under no obligation to update, revise or
otherwise modify the Software. With
respect to any technical data as
defined by FAR 2.101, pursuant to FAR
12.211 and 27.404.2 and DFARS
227.7102, the U.S. government
acquires no greater than Limited Rights
as defined in FAR 27.401 or DFAR
227.7103-5 (c), as applicable in any
technical data.
Warranty
THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS
DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED “AS IS,”
AND IS SUBJECT TO BEING
CHANGED, WITHOUT NOTICE, IN
FUTURE EDITIONS. FURTHER, TO THE
MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW, KEYSIGHT DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARD
TO THIS MANUAL AND ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. KEYSIGHT
SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS
OR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION
WITH THE FURNISHING, USE, OR
PERFORMANCE OF THIS DOCUMENT
OR OF ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN. SHOULD KEYSIGHT
AND THE USER HAVE A SEPARATE
WRITTEN AGREEMENT WITH WARRANTY TERMS COVERING THE MATERIAL IN THIS DOCUMENT THAT
CONFLICT WITH THESE TERMS, THE
WARRANTY TERMS IN THE SEPARATE
AGREEMENT SHALL CONTROL.
Safety Information
A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It
calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not
correctly performed or adhered to,
could result in damage to the product
or loss of important data. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until
the indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.
A WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It
calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not
correctly performed or adhered to,
could result in personal injury or death.
Do not proceed beyond a WARNING
notice until the indicated conditions are
fully understood and met.
2 Keysight N8262A User’s Guide
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Certification
Keysight Technologies certifies that this product met its published specifications
at the time of shipment. Keysight further certifies that its calibration
measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standard
and Technology (formerly National Bureau of Standards), to the extent allowed by
that organization’s calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other
International Standards Organization members.
General Warranty
The material contained in this document is provided “as is,” and is subject to
being changed, without notice, in future editions. Further, to the maximum extent
permitted by applicable law, Keysight disclaims all warranties, either express or
implied with regard to this manual and any information contained herein,
including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness
for a particular purpose. Keysight shall not be liable for errors or for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, use, or performance of
this document or any information contained herein. Should Keysight and the user
have a separate written agreement with warranty terms covering the material in
this document that conflict with these terms, the warranty terms in the separate
agreement shall control. Duration and conditions of warranty for this product may
be superseded when the product is integrated into (becomes a part of) other
Keysight products. During the warranty period, Keysight will, at its option, either
repair or replace products which prove to be defective. The warranty period begins
on the date of delivery or on the date of installation if installed by Keysight.
Warranty Service
For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility
designated by Keysight. For products returned to Keysight for warranty service,
the Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Keysight and Keysight shall pay
shipping charges to return the product to the Buyer. However, the Buyer shall pay
all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to Keysight from
another country.
Keysight N8262A User’s Guide 3
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Limitation of Warranty
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or
inadequate maintenance by the Buyer, Buyer-supplied products or interfacing,
unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the environmental
specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance.
The design and implementation of any circuit on this product is the sole
responsibility of the Buyer. Keysight does not warrant the Buyer’s circuitry or
malfunctions of Keysight products that result from the Buyer’s circuitry. In
addition, Keysight does not warrant any damage that occurs as a result of the
Buyer’s circuit or any defects that result from Buyer-supplied products.
To the extent allowed by local law, Keysight makes no other warranty, expressed
or implied, whether written or oral with respect to this product and specifically
disclaims any implied warranty or condition of merchantability, fitness for a
particular purpose or satisfactory quality.
Exclusive Remedies
To the extent allowed by local law, the remedies provided herein are the Buyer’s
sole and exclusive remedies. Keysight shall not be liable for any direct, indirect,
special, incidental, or consequential damages (including lost profit or data),
whether based on warranty, contract, tort, or any other legal theory.
4 Keysight N8262A User’s Guide
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Restricted Rights Legend
The Software and Documentation have been developed entirely at private
expense. They are delivered and licensed as “commercial computer software” as
defined in DFARS 252.227-7013 (Oct 1988), DFARS 252.211-7015 (May 1991), or
DFARS 252.227-7014 (Jun 1995), as a “commercial item” as defined in FAR
2.101(a), or as “restricted computer software” as defined in FAR 52.227-19 (Jun
1987) (or any equivalent agency regulation or contract clause), whichever is
applicable. You have only those rights provided for such Software and
Documentation by the applicable FAR or DFARS clause or the Keysight standard
software agreement for the product involved.
Technology Licenses
The hardware and/or software described in this document are furnished under a
license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such
license.
Keysight N8262A User’s Guide 5
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Safety Symbols
The following symbols on the instrument and in the documentation indicate
precautions which must be taken to maintain safe operation of the instrument.
Direct current (DC). Alternating current (AC).
Three-phase alternating current.
Off (mains supply). On (mains supply).
Caution, risk of electric shock.
Earth (ground) terminal. Frame or chassis (ground) terminal.
This symbol indicates the operating
switch for ‘Stand-by’ mode. Note, the
instrument is NOT isolated from the
mains when the switch is pressed.
To isolate the instrument, the mains
coupler (mains input cord) should be
removed from the power supply.
Caution, risk of danger (refer to this
manual for specific Warning or Caution
information).
Equipment protected throughout by
Protective earth (ground) terminal.
Both direct and alternating current.
Caution, hot surface. In position of a bi-stable push control.
Equipotentiality.
double insulation or reinforced
insulation.
Out position of a bi-stable push
control.
6 Keysight N8262A User’s Guide
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Safety Considerations
Read the information below before using this instrument.
The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of
operation, service, and repair of this instrument. Failure to comply with these
precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety
standards for design, manufacture, and intended use of the instrument. Keysight
Technologies assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these
requirements.
General safety information
This is a Safety Class I instrument (provided with a protective earthing ground,
incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket
outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective
conductor inside or outside of the instrument is likely to make the instrument
dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.
Keysight N8262A User’s Guide 7
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WARNING
– DO NOT operate the product in an explosive atmosphere or in the
CAUTION
presence of flammable gasses or fumes.
– DO NOT use repaired fuses or short-circuited fuseholders: For continued
protection against fire, replace the line fuse(s) only with fuse(s) of the
same voltage and current rating and type.
– DO NOT perform procedures involving cover or shield removal unless you
are qualified to do so: Operating personnel must not remove equipment
covers or shields. Procedures involving the removal of covers and shields
are for use by service-trained personnel only.
– DO NOT service or adjust alone: Under certain conditions, dangerous
voltages may exist even with the equipment switched off. To avoid
dangerous electrical shock, service personnel must not attempt internal
service or adjustment unless another person, capable of rendering first
aid and resuscitation, is present.
– DO NOT operate damaged equipment: Whenever it is possible that the
safety protection features built into this product have been impaired,
either through physical damage, excessive moisture, or any other reason,
REMOVE POWER and do not use the product until safe operation can be
verified by service-trained personnel. If necessary, return the product to a
Keysight Technologies Sales and Service Office for service and repair to
ensure the safety features are maintained.
– DO NOT substitute parts or modify equipment: Because of the danger of
introducing add itional hazards, do not install substitute parts or perform
any unauthorized modification to the product. Return the product to a
Keysight Technologies Sales and Service Office for service and repair to
ensure the safety features are maintained.
– Applying excessive voltage or overloading the device will cause
irreversible damage to the circuitry.
– Use the device with the cables provided.
8 Keysight N8262A User’s Guide
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Regulatory Markings
The CSA mark is a registered
trademark of the Canadian
Standards Association.
The RCM mark is a registered
trademark of the Australian
Communications and Media Authority.
ICES/NMB-001 indicates that this ISM
device complies with the
Canadian ICES-001.
Cet appareil ISM est conforme a la
norme NMB-001 du Canada.
This instrument complies with the
WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC) marking
requirement. This affixed product label
indicates that you must not discard
this electrical or electronic product in
domestic household waste.
Keysight N8262A User’s Guide 9
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Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive 2002/ 96/EC
This instrument complies with the WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC) marking
requirement. This affixed product label indicates that you must not discard this
electrical or electronic product in domestic household waste.
Product category:
With reference to the equipment types in the WEEE directive Annex 1, this
instrument is classified as a “Monitoring and Control Instrument” product.
The affixed product label is as shown below.
Do not dispose in domestic household waste.
To return this unwanted instrument, contact your nearest Keysight Service Center,
or visit http://about.keysight.com/en/companyinfo/environment/takeback.shtml
for more information.
Sales and Technical Support
To contact Keysight for sales and technical support, refer to the support links on
the following Keysight websites:
– www.keysight.com/find/N8262A
(product-specific information and support, software and
documentation updates)
– www.keysight.com/find/assist
(worldwide contact information for repair and service)
10 Keysight N8262A User’s Guide
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Table of Contents
Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
General Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Warranty Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Limitation of Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Exclusive Remedies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Restricted Rights Legend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Technology Licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Safety Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Safety Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
General safety information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Regulatory Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive 2002/96/
EC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Product category: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Sales and Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
1 Introduction
Product Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Power Meter and Sensor Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Conventions Used in this Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
P-Series Soft Front Panel Keys and Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
The Display Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Window Symbols and Pop-ups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Warning symbol pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Wait symbol pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Confirm symbol pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Numeric entry pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
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Text entry pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Trace scaling pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
List pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2 General Power Meter Functions
Setting the Units of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Selecting units of measurement from the softkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Setting the Measurement Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Setting the Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Making Relative Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Setting the Pulse Reference Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Setting Offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Setting channel offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Setting display offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Setting frequency dependent offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Editing frequency dependent offset tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Setting Measurement Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Step Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Setting the Video Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Setting the Video Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Setting Measurement Channel Gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Setting up the Channel Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Setting the Trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Setting Measurement Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Setting limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Checking for limit failures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Setting the Measurement Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Numeric format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Single function measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Combined measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
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Scaling the Analog Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
Recorder Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
Saving and Recalling Power Meter States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98
Editing a register’s name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
Recalling a measurement setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
Zeroing and Calibrating the P-Series Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
Zeroing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102
Zero/Cal lockout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
Presetting the Power Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105
3 Using P-Series Power Sensor
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108
Configuring a Power Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
Setting the Trace Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
Step 1. Connecting the power sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
Step 2. Setting the channel frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
Step 3. Setting the trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
Step 4. Setting the display to trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
Step 5. Expanding the trace display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Gate control in a single enlarged window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
Viewing the results in a full screen window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
Improving the accuracy with additional settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) . . . . . . . . .122
Viewing the CCDF table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
4 Maintenance
Self Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
Front panel selection of Self Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
Instrument Self Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
Remote testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127
Test descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Error message list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Operator Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Contacting Keysight Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Before calling Keysight Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Check the basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Instrument serial numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Erasing Memory Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Returning Your Power Meter for Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Packaging the power meter for shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
5Characteristics and Specifications
14 Keysight N8262A User’s Guide
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List of Figures
Figure 1-1 P-Series Soft Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Figure 1-2 Dual numeric display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Figure 1-3 Single numeric and analog display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Figure 1-4 Full screen numeric display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Figure 1-5 Trace display in both windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Figure 1-6 Trace display in single enlarged window in markers
Figure 1-7 Trace display in single enlarged window in trigger delay
Figure 1-8 Trace display in single enlarged window in trace control
Figure 2-1 Frequency pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Figure 2-2 Typical relative measurement display . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Figure 2-3 Numeric display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Figure 2-4 Measurement configuration screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Figure 2-5 Pulse duration measurement between two reference
Figure 2-6 Trace Ref Lvl 1 pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Figure 2-7 Trace Ref Lvl 2 pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Figure 2-8 Pulse Duration Ref Lvl pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Figure 2-9 Simplified measurement path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Figure 2-10 Typical channel offset display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Figure 2-11 Channel offset indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Figure 2-12 Typical display offset display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Figure 2-13 Frequency Dependent Offset tables display . . . . . . . .56
Figure 2-14 Frequency dependent offset indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Figure 2-15 “Edit Offset” display with data added . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Figure 2-16 Edit table title pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Figure 2-17 Typical averaged readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Figure 2-18 Meas Avg Count pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Figure 2-19 Video Avg Count pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
Figure 2-20 Bandwidth filter shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Figure 2-21 Video Bandwidth pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
Figure 2-22 Example of measurement gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
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Figure 2-23 Gate Setup screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Figure 2-24 Time Gating Start pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Figure 2-25 Time Gating Length pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Figure 2-26 Trace setup display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Figure 2-27 Trace Start Time pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Figure 2-28 X Scale/Division pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Figure 2-29 Trace Units pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Figure 2-30 Y scale maximum value pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Figure 2-31 Y Scale/Division pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Figure 2-32 Trigger menu - free run mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Figure 2-33 Trigger Setting Menu 1 of 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Figure 2-34 Trigger Level pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Figure 2-35 Trigger delay pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Figure 2-36 Trigger setting menu 2 of 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Figure 2-37 Trigger holdoff pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Figure 2-38 Trigger hsyteresis pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Figure 2-39 Limits checking applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Figure 2-40 Limits checking results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Figure 2-41 Minimum limit pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Figure 2-42 Limit failures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Figure 2-43 Twelve measurements per channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Figure 2-44 Measurement feed example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Figure 2-45 Measurement Setup showing single configuration . . 88
Figure 2-46 Function pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Figure 2-47 Measurement type pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Figure 2-48 Gating number pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Figure 2-49 Measurement Setup showing combined configuration .
90
Figure 2-50 Measurement example display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Figure 2-51 Maximum limit pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Figure 2-52 Minimum limit pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Figure 2-53 Increment and decrement multiplier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Figure 2-54 Recorder minimum pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Figure 2-55 Recorder minimum pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Figure 2-56 Increment and decrement multiplier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Figure 2-57 Save/Recall screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Figure 2-58 Save confirm pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
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Figure 2-59 File name pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
Figure 2-60 Recall pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100
Figure 2-61 Zeroing pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
Figure 2-62 Calibration wait pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102
Figure 2-63 Please Zero and Calibrate window . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
Figure 2-64 Preset display options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105
Figure 3-1 P-Series sensor default channel setup . . . . . . . . . . .111
Figure 3-2 Trace display in dual channel power meter . . . . . . . .112
Figure 3-3 Trace display in single enlarged window . . . . . . . . . .113
Figure 3-4 Trace display with gate control menu . . . . . . . . . . . .114
Figure 3-5 Trace display with trigger delay menu . . . . . . . . . . . .115
Figure 3-6 Trace display with trace control menu . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Figure 3-7 Trace display in full screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
Figure 3-8 P-Series power sensor default channel setup . . . . . .119
Figure 3-9 Channel offset display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120
Figure 3-10 CCDF table in windowed display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123
Figure 3-11 CCDF table in expanded display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123
Figure 3-12 CCDF table in full-screen display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
Figure 4-1 Self test complete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127
Figure 4-2 Error indicator position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
Figure 4-3 Secure erase status pop-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142
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18 Keysight N8262A User’s Guide
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List of Tables
Table 2-1 Measurement units - Single channel measurement . .42
Table 2-2 Measurement units - Dual channel measurement . . .42
Table 2-3 P-Series sensor video bandwidth setting . . . . . . . . . .66
Table 2-4 Range of values for window limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Table 2-5 Ranges of recorder output setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
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20 Keysight N8262A User’s Guide
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Keysight N8262A P-Series Modular Power Meter
User’s Guide
1 Introduction
Product Overview 22
Getting Started 23
Power Meter and Sensor Capability 23
Conventions Used in this Guide 24
P-Series Soft Front Panel Keys and Connections 25
The Display Layout 30
Window Symbols and Pop-ups 38
This chapter introduces you to the Power Meter GUI (known as P-Series Soft Front
Panel in this guide) and display of the P-Series Modular Power Meter.
21
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1Introduction
Product Overview
The N8262A P-Series Modular Power Meter, LXI Class C compliance instrument is
an upgrade of P-Series Power Meter. It is developed using LXI Technology. LXI, an
acronym for LAN eXtension for Instrumentation, is an instrument standard for
devices that use the Ethernet (LAN) as their primary communication interface.
When using the N8262A, a virtual user interface runs on a Windows based
controller will give you manual control over the operation of the power meter. This
interface is emulated from the P-Series Power Meter’s soft front panel display
where Standard Commands for Programmable Instrumentation (SCPI) commands
exist to access desired functionality.
N8262A operates with three software: Web Browser Interface, P-Series Soft Front
Panel and Synthetic Instrument Finder. It offers identical measurement
performance as P-Series Power Meter. Operation of the N8262A occur by using a
virtual panel hosted on PC or via the remote programming interface: Soft Front
Panel. It provides robust instrument control and works with the environment you
choose.
Figure 1-1 P-Series Soft Front Panel
22 Keysight N8262A User’s Guide
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Getting Started
NOTE
Make sure you have gone through the Installation Guide before you proceed.
Power Meter and Sensor Capability
Your P-Series Modular Power Meter is compatible with Keysight P-Series,
E-Series E9300, E-Series E4410 and the 8480 Series Power Sensors. However,
not all sensor and meter combinations have the same features or capabilities. The
main differences are as below:
Introduction 1
Features
Average power of CW signal * * * *
Average power of modulated signal * * *
Peak power *
Cal factors stored on EEPROM * * *
200 readings/sec * * *
>
Peak/burst average power *
Time gated measurements *
Rising edge trigger *
Falling edge trigger *
The E-Series and 8480 Series Power Sensors require N1917A/B/C/D cables
when connected to the P-Series Modular Power Meters.
Specifications
The specifications for the power meter are listed in Chapter 5, “Specifications and
Characteristics,” starting on page 139.
P-Series
N1920
E-Series
E9300
E-Series
E4410
8480 Series
Keysight N8262A User’s Guide 23
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1Introduction
Softkey
Channel A
Channel B
Softkey
Conventions Used in this Guide
The following conventions are used throughout this guide.
This symbol and text represents a labeled softkey on the P-Series Soft Front
Panel.
This symbol and text represents a labeled softkey at the display panel and is
used to indicate that you should select the labeled softkey beside the
displayed text. Alternatively, you can click on the indicated softkey to achieve
similar button operation.
Message This text represents a displayed message.
Parameter This is used to represent a parameter, value, or title.
This User’s Guide describes the operation for the dual channel power meter.
To identify channels on a dual channel meter, select a softkey on of either
“Channel”
When you are asked to select “the channel” in a procedure, make
sure you select the relevant channel.
or .
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P-Series Soft Front Panel Keys and Connections
NOTE
These softkeys are located to the left of the display.
Make sure you have connected to the P-Series Soft Front PaneI before you
proceed. You may refer to Installation Guide for details.
This section briefly describes the functions of the soft front panel softkeys.
Introduction 1
Key Function
Click this softkey to preset the power-meter. An option list of pre-installed
measurement configurations is presented. Select an option and click the confirm
softkey.
Click this softkey to select the upper or lower measurement window. The selected
window is highlighted by a blue line on the right side of the window. Any measurement
setup you create is performed in the selected window.
Click this softkey to choose windowed, expanded, or full-screen display of a numeric
measurement. It also provides quick access to the Gate Control screen and menu when
a trace window is selected.
Click this softkey to switch off the soft front panel
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1Introduction
These softkeys are located to the left of the display.
Key Function
Click this softkey to access general configuration-menus, such as IP address.
You can also access the Self-Test and Table entry menus. The measurement
screen remains visible.
Click this softkey to access the channel configuration menus. Channel
parameters such as averaging and offsets are configured from this menu.
Click this softkey to access the triggering menu. Unless a P-Series Sensor is
connected, all the menu softkeys are disabled (grayed out).
Click this softkey to setup relative measurements or set display offsets.
Use this softkey to configure the selected measurement.
Click this softkey to access the measurement display menu. You can choose
the displayed measurement resolution, units and display format.
Use this softkey together with to configure measurement
displays.
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Key Function
These softkeys are all associated with the menu labels and data entry. They
are located to the right of the display.
Click this softkey to return to the previous screen. This softkey also cancels pop-up
entry.
Introduction 1
These softkeys are referred to by the text on the display next to them.
For example, during a Preset, you are given an option to confirm the command. Click to
continue, that is, click the softkey beside the displayed word ‘confirm’.
This softkeys is used when there is a two page menu to be displayed. For example, a
1of2 is displayed beside the softkey indicating the first page of a two page menu.
Click the softkey to access the next page or second page. (A 2 of 2 is displayed).
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1Introduction
These softkeys and connectors are associated with the measurement
channels and are located on the right-hand side of the soft front panel.
Key Function
The arrow softkeys are used for navigation around the parameter entry
screens. The up and down arrows are used for selecting values from a pop-up
list, they can also be used for stepping two values, X Scale and Y Scale. They
are also used to enter text, for example, table names. The arrow softkeys are
presented individually as , , and .
Click this softkey to select a highlighted field to allow data entry, check a
checkbox and terminate entry of a popup list.
Click this softkey to access the zero and calibration menus.
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Key Function
Click this softkey to start and stop the acquisition of the measurement.
Click these softkeys to enter numeric values in the pop-up fields, for example,
the offset values. To complete the entry use the softkey.
Introduction 1
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1Introduction
Disp Type
1
3
4
6
2
5
9
8
7
The Display Layout
Figure 1-2 shows the display layout when two windows are configured in dual
numeric mode.
Clicking , the other display formats are available.
Figure 1-2 Dual numeric display
1 The status reporting line displays messages and the control status of the
power meter. For example, the status can be display as RMT (remote).
The message fields indicate ERR for any error conditions that occur or informing
you to Please Zero the power sensor.
2 The blue highlight on the right hand side of the window shows it is the
currently selected measurement display line. This measurement line is the
Upper Window/Upper Measurement.
3 The measured channel is shown. With a P-Series Power Sensor connected,
and channel in trigger mode, the associated gate number is shown.
4 The associated measurement type is shown below the channel and gate
number.
5 This displays the measurement units, either dBm, dB, Watts, or percent (%).
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Introduction 1
NOTE
With a P-Series Power Sensor connected, a measurement result of –270 dBm
indicates the input power level is beyond the sensitivity of the sensor.
6 With a P-Series Power Sensor connected, you can make combined
measurements with both channels.
7 This displays the number of pages in the current menu. For example, 1 of 2
indicates that there are two pages in the menu and the first page is currently
displayed. Pressing the softkey displays the next page, indicated by 2 of 2.
(Click the softkey to display the previous menu page.)
8 The available softkey labels are displayed in these four fields. Additionally,
settings associated with the labeled function are displayed under the label.
9 This field displays the menu title. For example, Channel Setup or click
and the Zero/Cal menu is displayed.
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1Introduction
14
13
11
12
15
10
Figure 1-3 Single numeric and analog display
10 Figure 1-3 shows the default display mode of two measurement windows. The
upper measurement window has a blue highlight on the right hand side of the
window showing it has been selected.
Using the , or softkeys you can change the selection of the
measurement window.
Using the softkey on numeric measurement results window you can
choose either two rectangular windows, a single enlarged window, or a full screen
display by pressing. The display style is applied to the currently selected window
or measurement line.
11 The upper window is configured to show a single numeric display.
12 The lower window is configured to show an analog meter which displays the
measurement result and the meter scaling.
13 With a P-Series Power Sensor connected, the symbol shows the trigger state
(Free Run), (Stopped), (Negative Slope), or (Positive Slope).
14 The channel measurement frequency.
15 This displays the connected sensor, the offset value, and the acquisition mode
on the channel. On dual channel models it shows for both channels.
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Introduction 1
21
20
19
18
16
17
Figure 1-4 Full screen numeric display
16 Figure 1-4 shows a single numeric full screen displaying a relative result.
This field displays Rel if relative mode is on.
17 This field indicates the measurement result is beyond the configured upper or
lower limit. If the measurement is within the limits this field is empty. If the
measurement result is less than the minimum limit set, Undr Lmt is displayed.
If the measurement result is more than the maximum limit set, Over Lmt is
displayed.
18 This field displays Ofs if an offset is set.
19 This field displays Rng Hld if a range is selected.
20 This field displays Dty Cyc if a duty cycle is set.
21 The information in this field is displayed on two lines and depends on the
sensor type, sensor calibration table, frequency dependent offset table
currently selected, and the measurement frequency.
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1Introduction
NOTE
23
22
NOTE
Sing Trig
Cont Trig
Trigger
Trace
Free Run
The following trace displays are only available when a P-Series Power Sensor is
connected.
Figure 1-5 Trace display in both windows
22 Figure 1-5 shows both windows configured to trace display mode. This is only
available when a P-Series Power Sensor is connected. The captured trace,
channel, and scaling are displayed. The lower window is the selected window.
23 The indicates the point on the trace where trigger event occurs.
Single or continuous triggering ( or ) must be selected from
the Acqn menu to view a trace window. The Acqn menu is accessed by clicking
, . is disabled when is selected.
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Introduction 1
28
26
27
24
25
29
Gate
Marker
NOTE
Figure 1-6 Trace display in single enlarged window in markers mode
Figure 1-6 shows a single enlarged window with the Gate Ctrl menu and
associated tables and markers. The Gate Control is the default display when using
trace display.
24 Clicking scrolls through the 4 gates available for each channel.
25 The markers, 1 and 2, indicate the start and end points of the selected gate.
Clicking toggles between the two markers. You can use the and
softkeys to move the active marker along the trace.
26 The highlighted table, with the green border, shows the time (Time:) and the
instantaneous power level (Pow:) of the active marker at the configured point.
A negative time value indicates a measurement before the trigger point.
Gate timing parameters are all related to your chosen trigger point. This may be
different from the timing of the triggering event if you have configured a trigger
delay. Refer to item No 30 for more information.
27 This table shows the time (Time:) and the instantaneous power level (Pow:) of
the inactive marker at the configured point.
28 The highlighted marker shows the active marker at the configured point.
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1Introduction
31
32
30
Select TgDel
29 This table shows the width of the gate
ΔT: (time between the markers), the
average, peak, and peak-to-average ratio power measurements within the
active gate.
Figure 1-7 Trace display in single enlarged window in trigger delay mode
Figure 1-7 shows a single enlarged window with the Gate Ctrl menu and
associated tables and trigger delay.
30 Clicking removes the gate markers and displays the trigger
marker(s). The indicates when the trigger event occurs, whilst shows the
delayed trigger point. When the two points coincide only the trigger is
shown.
In the example shown in Figure 1-7, the appears ahead of the as a trigger
delay of –5.00 µs has been configured, placing the measurement trigger before
the trigger event. You can configure the trigger delay by pressing and entering a
numeric value.
To indicate an off-screen trigger event, is displayed. To indicate an off-screen
trigger point, is displayed.
31 The selected channel and gate number is displayed.
32 The trigger setting and slope is displayed. Examples shown in Figure 1-7 are
Internal Channel A and a Positive Slope.
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Introduction 1
34
33
35
Figure 1-8 Trace display in single enlarged window in trace control mode
Figure 1-8 shows a single enlarged window with the Trace Ctrl menu with
information on the pulse and associated X and Y control.
33 This is the X and Y trace setup fields. Using the or softkeys you can
highlight the item and change its value.
34 The current settings of the X and Y scale are displayed in this reporting line.
35 This table shows 7 automatic time measurements performed on the first
complete captured pulse after the trigger. The 7 measurements are rise time
, fall time , time to positive occurrence , time to negative
occurrence , pulse period , pulse width and pulse repetitive
frequency 12.5 kHz.
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1Introduction
Window Symbols and Pop-ups
There are several different graphic symbols and pop-up windows that can occur
on the power meter display. These can occur for a variety of reasons, for example:
– An error or warning occurs
– You are required to wait while the power meter carries out a procedure
– You are required to select an entry from a list
– You are required to enter a numeric value
There are three different colors used to signify the pop-up status:
– Green - used to allow data entry
– Orange - used to display information
– Red - used to display an error
Warning symbol pop-up
The warning symbol is displayed either in a pop-up window or directly in the
measurement window when such an event occurs. A pop-up window is displayed
for approximately two seconds. The text in the pop-up window gives details of the
warning type, for example, to indicate that a power sensor has insufficient
bandwidth or a previous entered frequency value in a table. Depending on the
severity of the warning, the pop-up may be displayed in Orange or Red.
Wait symbol pop-up
The wait symbol is displayed when the power meter is carrying out a procedure
and no action is required from you. The symbol appears in a pop-up window. It
may appear, for example, during a calibration.
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Confirm symbol pop-up
This type of pop-up window is displayed when you are required to click Confirm to
verify your previous selection. For example, prior to a Save being carried out.
Numeric entry pop-up
Introduction 1
This type of pop-up window is displayed when you need to modify numeric data.
The numeric softkeys allow you to enter the value.
Text entry pop-up
This type of pop-up window is displayed when you need to modify alphanumeric
data, for example, table names. The up/down arrow softkeys increment and
decrement the alphanumeric digit that the cursor is currently positioned. The left/
right arrow softkeys move the cursor to another alphanumeric digit.
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1Introduction
Trace scaling pop-up
This pop-up window is displayed when you are in the Trace Control menu and you
can either use the up/down arrow softkeys for increment and decrement, or the
numeric softkeys to set, the values of the X scale and Y scale.
List pop-up
This pop-up window is displayed when you are required to select an entry from a
list. Use the up/down arrow keys to highlight your choice. Click select to complete
the entry.
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Keysight N8262A P-Series Modular Power Meter
User’s Guide
2 General Power Meter
Functions
Setting the Units of Measurement 42
Setting the Measurement Frequency 44
Setting the Resolution 45
Making Relative Measurements 46
Setting the Pulse Reference Levels 48
Setting Offsets 51
Setting Measurement Averaging 61
Step Detection 63
Setting the Video Averaging 64
Setting the Video Bandwidth 66
Setting Measurement Channel Gates 69
Setting up the Channel Trace 72
Setting the Trigger 76
Setting Measurement Limits 82
Setting the Measurement Display 86
Scaling the Analog Display 92
Recorder Output 94
Saving and Recalling Power Meter States 98
Zeroing and Calibrating the P-Series Sensor 101
Presetting the Power Meter 105
This chapter describes the general operation of the P-Series Modular Power
Meter.
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2 General Power Meter Functions
Units
dBmWdB
%
NOTE
Setting the Units of Measurement
The Units menu is used to select the measurement units for the currently selected
window. These can either be logarithmic (dBm or dB) or linear (Watt or %) units.
Presetting ( ) the power meter sets the measurement units to dBm
(logarithmic units). Tab le 2-1 and Table 2-2 show units that are applicable to each
measurement mode.
Click , . Select the unit of measurement from , , , and
. Display softkeys which cannot be selected in your particular mode of
operation are grayed out.
When the measurement unit is set to Watt (W), it is possible that negative power
results are displayed when measuring low power levels.
Tab le 2-1 Measurement units - Single channel measurement
Measurement mode Relative mode off Relative mode on
Log dBm dB
Linear Watt %
Tab le 2-2 Measurement units - Dual channel measurement
Measurement mode Relative mode off Relative mode on
Ratio
Difference Log dBm dB
Log dB dB
Linear % %
Linear Watt %
42 Keysight N8262A User’s Guide
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General Power Meter Functions 2
mW
μW
nW
2 of 2
W
Increment
multiplier
Decrement
multiplier
Cancel
Increment Multiplier
Decrement Multiplier
W
W
NOTE
Selecting units of measurement from the softkeys
In some menus, for example, units in the Trace Setup menu, you are required to
enter the units of measurement for power. In some cases, due to the availability of
wide power range, the following menu is displayed:
Clicking or increases or decreases the
multiplier shown in front of .Clicking after the correct multiplier has been
selected confirms the entry.
Keysight N8262A User’s Guide 43
Invalid display softkeys are grayed out so the value cannot be entered.
Page 44
2 General Power Meter Functions
Channel
MHz
GHz
Setting the Measurement Frequency
Entering the frequency of the RF signal you are measuring optimizes the accuracy
and minimizes measurement uncertainty, especially when making comparative
measurements between signals.
Procedure
Set the measurement frequency as follows:
1 Click . Click to select the required channel.
2 Use the and softkeys to highlight the Frequency value field and
click to display the Frequency pop-up. Use the numeric softkey pad to
enter the required value in the Frequency pop-up window.
Figure 2-1 Frequency pop-up
3 Confirm your choice by selecting or .
4 Click to close the Channel Setup screen.
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Setting the Resolution
Resolution
Resolution
The resolution of each of the power meter’s numeric type windows can be set to
four different levels (1, 2, 3 or 4).
These four levels represent:
1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 dB respectively if the measurement suffix is dBm or dB.
1, 2, 3 or 4 significant digits respectively if the measurement suffix is W or %.
The default value is 0.01 dB (3 digits).
To set the resolution on the currently selected window:
1 Click . The current setting of the resolution is highlighted under the
2 To change this setting, click repeatedly until the required
resolution setting is highlighted.
General Power Meter Functions 2
softkey.
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2 General Power Meter Functions
Meas Select
Relative setting
field
Rel field
Original result
Selected window/
measurement
Result field
Making Relative Measurements
Relative mode enables comparison of a measurement result to a reference value.
The relative reading, or difference, can be displayed in either dB or % terms. When
the measurement result is displayed in % a prefix multiplier may be shown.
Procedure
1 Click to display the Measurement Setup menu.
Figure 2-2 shows a Measurement Setup display and the relative measurement
items labeled.
2 Select the window you wish to set a reference value on by clicking the
softkey. The currently selected window/measurement is
displayed.
3 Use the and softkeys to highlight the Relative setting field.
Figure 2-2 Typical relative measurement display
4 Click to check the Relative setting field.
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General Power Meter Functions 2
NOTE
NOTE
Rel indicator
5 Confirm that the power meter is measuring the signal you want to use as the
reference. This is displayed under the Result field.
6 Click the , softkeys to highlight the Rel field.
7 Click and the original result value will appear on the right hand side of
the Rel check field.
8 The relative value displayed under Result field will change as the measured
signal varies.
If you return the power meter to display the numeric display, a Rel symbol will
be displayed in the measurement window it is applied to.
Figure 2-3 Numeric display
The Rel symbol is not displayed when the associated measurement is displayed
in Dual Numeric or Analog format.
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2 General Power Meter Functions
1 of 2
Meas Config
Channel A B
NOTE
NOTE
Setting the Pulse Reference Levels
– Click and proceed to the second page of Sys/Inputs menu by clicking
the softkey.
– Click softkey to display the Measurement Configuration screen.
– Click the softkey to select the desired channel.
Figure 2-4 Measurement configuration screen
Trace Ref Lvl 1 and Trace Ref Lvl 2 are used in calculation of transition durations
and occurrences.
Pulse Duration Ref Lvl allows pulse duration measurements between
non-standard reference levels.
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General Power Meter Functions 2
Trace Ref Lvl 2 = 90%
Pulse Duration Ref
Lvl = 50%
Measured pulse
duration
Trace Ref Lvl 1 = 10%
%
Figure 2-5 Pulse duration measurement between two reference levels
1 Use the and softkeys to highlight the Trace Ref Lvl 1 field.
Keysight N8262A User’s Guide 49
2 Click to display the Trace Ref Lvl 1 pop-up, and use the numeric
softkey pad to enter the intended value in the Trace Ref Lvl 1 pop-up window.
Figure 2-6 Trace Ref Lvl 1 pop-up
3 Complete the entry by clicking the softkey.
4 Use the and softkeys to highlight the Trace Ref Lvl 2 field.
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2 General Power Meter Functions
%
%
NOTE
NOTE
5 Click to display the Trace Ref Lvl 2 pop-up, and use the numeric
softkey pad to enter the intended value in the Trace Ref Lvl 2 pop-up window.
Figure 2-7 Trace Ref Lvl 2 pop-up
6 Complete the entry by clicking the softkey.
7 Use the and softkeys to highlight the Pulse Duration Ref Lvl field.
8 Click to display the Pulse Duration Ref Lvl pop-up, and use the
numeric softkey pad to enter the intended value in the Pulse Duration Ref Lvl
pop-up.
Figure 2-8 Pulse Duration Ref Lvl pop-up
9 Complete the entry by clicking the softkey.
By default, the Trace Ref Lvl 1, Trace Ref Lvl 2 and Pulse Duration Ref Lvl
settings are set to 10 %, 90 % and 50 % respectively.
Alternatively, you may use keyboard to enter the intended value when the
desired field is highlighted.
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Setting Offsets
Channel Functions
Window Functions
Display
Relative
Offset
Channel A
Upper Window
Lower Window
Display
Relative
Offset
Display
Relative
Offset
Display
Relative
Offset
Measurement Highway
Freq Dep
Offset
Channel
Offset
Cal
Factor
Channel B
Freq Dep
Offset
Channel
Offset
Cal
Factor
The power meter can be configured to compensate for a signal loss or gain in your
test setup. The power meter allows you to apply offsets at three different points in
the measurement path.
General Power Meter Functions 2
Figure 2-9 Simplified measurement path
Figure 2-9 shows that how you can apply a Channel Offset or a Frequency
Dependent Offset prior to any mathematical functions. These allow you to
compensate each channel individually. An overall offset can be applied if required
using the Display Offset.
Setting channel offsets
This gain or loss is applied to the measured power before any mathematical
functions, display offsets or relative functions are included.
Offsets are entered in dB and the range is –100 dB to +100 dB.
A positive value compensates for a loss and a negative value compensates for a
gain.
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2 General Power Meter Functions
Offsets
Offset setting field
Offset value field
dB
Procedure
To enter a channel offset:
1 Click to display the Channel Setup screen. Confirm the channel
requiring setup is displayed.
2 Click to display the Offsets Setup.
3 Use the and softkeys to highlight the Offset setting field.
4 Click to check the Offset setting field.
52 Keysight N8262A User’s Guide
Figure 2-10 Typical channel offset display
5 Click to highlight the Offset value field and click to display the
Offset pop-up. Use the numeric softkey pad to enter the required value in the
Offset pop-up window.
6 Confirm your choice by clicking .
7 Click softkey to complete the offset entry. If either a channel or a
display offset is set, the Ofs indicator is displayed.
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Figure 2-11 Channel offset indicator
Offset indicator
NOTE
Meas Select
The Ofs symbol is not displayed when the associated measurement is displayed
in Dual Numeric or Analog format.
Setting display offsets
This gain or loss is applied to the measured power after any channel offsets or
mathematical functions have been included.
Offsets are entered in dB and the range of values is –100 dB to +100 dB. A
positive value compensates for a loss, and a negative value compensates for a
gain.
General Power Meter Functions 2
Procedure
Enter a display offset on the currently selected window:
1 Click to display the Measurement Setup screen.
2 Select the window you wish to set the offset value on by clicking the
softkey. The currently selected window/measurement is
displayed.
3 Use the and softkeys to highlight the Offset setting field.
4 Click to check the Offset setting field.
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2 General Power Meter Functions
Offset setting field
Offset value field
Selected window/
measurement
dB
NOTE
Figure 2-12 Typical display offset display
5 Click to highlight the Offset value field and click to display the
Display Offset pop-up. Use the numeric softkey pad to enter the required
value in the Offset pop-up window.
54 Keysight N8262A User’s Guide
6 Confirm your choice by clicking . Click softkey to complete the
offset entry.
The Ofs indicator is displayed if Display Offset is selected.
Setting frequency dependent offsets
Frequency dependent offset tables provide a quick and convenient method of
compensating for frequency related changes in the response of your test system.
Note that when selected, frequency dependent offset corrections are applied IN
ADDITION to any correction for sensor frequency response.
The power meter is capable of storing 10 frequency dependent offset tables with a
maximum of 80 frequency points each.
To use frequency dependent offset tables:
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General Power Meter Functions 2
Tab les
Freq. Dep. Offset
NOTE
Offsets
Ta bl es
Freq. Dep. Offset
1 Select the table to be applied to a channel. Refer to “Setting frequency
dependent offsets” on page 54 for further information. If you require to edit the
table refer to “Editing frequency dependent offset tables” on page 57 for
further information.
2 If using an 8480 Series or an E-Series Sensor, zero and calibrate the power
meter. The reference calibration factor used during the calibration is
automatically set by the power meter from the sensor calibration table (if
selected).
3 Specify the frequency of the signal you want to measure. The calibration
factor/offset is automatically set by the power meter from the sensor
calibration table (if selected) and the frequency dependent offset table. Refer
to “Procedure” on page 55 for further information.
4 Make the measurement.
Selecting a frequency dependent offset table
You can select a frequency dependent offset table from the softkey menu
followed by and .
The State column indicates if any frequency dependent offset tables are currently
selected. The Offset Tables screen is shown in Figure 2-13.
You can also view which FDO table is being used by clicking the ,
and use the and softkeys to highlight the FDO Table setting field
and click to display the table.
Procedure
Select an offset table as follows:
1 Click, either:
a , , .
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2 General Power Meter Functions
Offsets
Tab le
On
NOTE
Tab le
Done
Done
Offset table A selected
b , and use the and softkeys to highlight the FDO
Table setting field and click to display the table.
Figure 2-13 Frequency Dependent Offset tables display
2 Use the and softkeys to highlight one of the 10 table titles and click
to highlight .
When no data is contained in the highlighted table, the softkey is
disabled (grayed out).
3 Click to complete the selection of the offset table.
4 Click again to display the measurement screen. Figure 2-14 shows
which offset table is selected.
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General Power Meter Functions 2
NOTE
Figure 2-14 Frequency dependent offset indicator
5 To change the frequency, click and use the and softkeys to
highlight the Frequency field.
6 Click to display the Frequency pop-up window. Use the numeric
softkey pad to enter the required value in the Frequency pop-up window.
7 To confirm your choice, click the appropriate unit softkey.
8 Connect the power sensor to the signal to be measured.
9 The measurement result, including offset, is now displayed.
If the measurement frequency does not correspond directly to a frequency in the
sensor calibration table (if selected) and the frequency dependent offset table
being used, the power meter calculates the calibration factor and offset using
linear interpolation.
If you enter a frequency outside the frequency range defined in the sensor
calibration table or the frequency dependent offset table, the power meter uses
the highest or lowest frequency point in the appropriate table to set the
calibration factor and offset.
Editing frequency dependent offset tables
There are ten frequency dependent offset tables named CUSTOM_A through
CUSTOM_J. They are empty of any data when the power meter is shipped from
the factory.
You cannot delete any of the 10 existing frequency dependent offset tables or
create any additional tables. However, you can enter values into the 10 existing
tables. Each frequency dependent offset table can contain a maximum of 80
frequency points.
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2 General Power Meter Functions
Tab les
Freq. Dep. Offset
NOTE
Tab les
Freq. Dep. Offset
Edit Table
To view the frequency dependent offset tables currently stored in the power
meter, click , , . The Frequency Dependent
Offset Tables screen is displayed as shown in Figure 2-13.
Editing frequency dependent offset tables requires the following steps:
1 Identify and select the table you want to edit
2 Rename the table
3 Enter the frequency and offset pairs
4 Save the table
Procedure
First select the table you want to edit as follows:
A frequency in the range of 0.001 MHz to 1000.0 GHz can be entered. A
calibration factor in the range of 1% to 150% can be entered.
58 Keysight N8262A User’s Guide
1 Click , , to display the Offset Tbls screen.
2 Choose the table you want to edit using the and softkeys. Click
to display the Ed it Offset screen as shown in Figure 2-15.
Figure 2-15 “Edit Offset” display with data added
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General Power Meter Functions 2
Change
Insert Char
Delete Char
Enter
NOTE
3 Highlight the table title using the and softkeys. Click and use
the , , and softkeys to select and change the characters in the
Tab l e Name pop-up to create the name you want to use.
Figure 2-16 Edit table title pop-up
– Clicking adds a new character to the right of the selected
character.
– Clicking removes the selected character.
4 Click to complete the entry.
The following rules apply to naming sensor calibration tables:
The name must consist of no more than 12 characters.
All characters must be upper or lower case alphabetic characters, or numeric
(0-9), or an underscore (_).
No other characters are allowed.
No spaces are allowed in the name.
Enter (or edit) the frequency and offset pairs as follows:
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2 General Power Meter Functions
Insert
Change
GHz
MHz
Change
%
Done
NOTE
1 Click to add a new frequency value (or click to edit). Use the
numeric softkey pad to enter the required value in the Frequency pop-up
window. Complete the entry by clicking the , softkeys.
2 Enter the new offset value (or click to edit). Use the numeric softkey
pad to enter the required value in the Offset pop-up window. Complete the
entry by pressing the softkey.
3 Continue adding/editing values until you have entered all the data you require.
4 When you have finished editing the table click to save the table.
If you measure a signal with a frequency outside the frequency range defined in
the frequency dependent offset table, the power meter uses the highest or
lowest frequency point in the frequency dependent offset table to calculate the
offset.
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Setting Measurement Averaging
10 dB
10 dB
Minimum Sensor Power
Maximum Sensor Power
Power Sensor
Dynamic Range
10 dB
10 dB
1234
1 8 128 128
Resolution Setting
Number of Averages
1 1 16 256
11232
11116
1118
The power meter uses a digital filter to average power readings. The number of
readings averaged can range from 1 to 1024. This filter is used to reduce noise,
obtain the desired resolution and to reduce the jitter in the measurement results.
Increasing the value of the measurement average reduces measurement noise.
However, the measurement time is increased. You can manually select the
measurement average or you can set the power meter to auto measurement
average mode. The default is AUTO.
When the auto measurement average mode is enabled, the power meter
automatically sets the number of readings averaged together to satisfy the
filtering requirements for most power measurements. The number of readings
averaged together depends on the resolution setting and the power level
currently being measured.
General Power Meter Functions 2
Keysight N8262A User’s Guide 61
Figure 2-17 Typical averaged readings
Figure 2-17 shows the typical number of averages for each range and resolution
when the power meter is in auto filter mode and is set to normal speed mode.
P-Series Modular Power Meters recognize different sensor types when they are
connected, and configure suitable averaging automatically.
Resolution is a measurement display function and not a channel function. In the
case where a channel is set up in both the upper and lower window and the
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2 General Power Meter Functions
Channel
Enter
resolution settings are different, the highest resolution setting is taken to calculate
the averaging number.
These four resolution levels represent:
1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 dB respectively if the measurement suffix is dBm or dB.
1, 2, 3 or 4 significant digits respectively if the measurement suffix is W or %.
Procedure
Set measurement averaging as follows:
1 Click . Click to select the required channel. The current
setting is shown in the Meas Avg field (
Setup screen. The default is
2 Use the and softkeys to select the Filter setting field.
3
Click and use the and to step through the available settings.
If you have selected AUTO or OFF proceed at step 7. If you have selected MAN
proceed as follows:
AUTO, MAN, or OFF) on the Channel
AUTO.
4 Use the softkey to select the Meas Avg: value field.
5 Click to display the Meas Avg Count pop-up.
Figure 2-18 Meas Avg Count pop-up
6
Use the numeric softkey pad to enter the required value and click .
7 Click softkey to close the Channel Setup screen.
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Step Detection
Channel
To reduce the filter settling time after a significant step in the measured power the
filter can be set to re-initialize upon detection of a step increase or decrease in the
measured power. Step detection can be set in both manual and automatic
measurement average modes.
Procedure
Set step detection as follows:
1 Click . Click to select the required channel.
2 Use the and softkeys to select the Step Detect setting field.
3 Click to check the step detection to on or off.
General Power Meter Functions 2
4 Click softkey to close the Channel Setup screen.
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2 General Power Meter Functions
NOTE
Channel
Setting the Video Averaging
This feature is only available when a P-Series Power Sensor is connected.
Video averaging uses a digital filter to average repetitions of a triggered signal.
The number of acquisitions averaged can range from 1 to 256, in multiples of 2
With video averaging the average of a number of acquisitions is calculated to
smooth the displayed trace and reduce apparent noise. The measurement
requires a continuously repeating signal. Increasing the value of this filter reduces
noise but increases the time required to make the measurement.
Procedure
Set the video average as follows:
1 Click . Click to select the required channel.
n
.
2 Use the and softkeys to select the Video Avg setting field.
3 Click to check the video averaging to on or off.
4 Use the softkey to select the Video Avg: value field.
5 Click to display the Video Avg Count pop-up.
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General Power Meter Functions 2
Figure 2-19 Video Avg Count pop-up
6 Use the and softkeys to highlight the required Video Avg Count value
and click .
7 Click softkey to close the Channel Setup screen.
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NOTE
Setting the Video Bandwidth
This feature is only available when a P-Series Power Sensor is connected.
Selecting a bandwidth value close to or slightly greater than required by the
modulating signal bandwidth can help reduce noise and improve accuracy on
peak measurements (see Tab le ). It can however, reduce the processing speed for
long acquisition times.
Tab le 2-3 P-Series sensor video bandwid th setting
Low: Medium: High: Off
5.0 MHz 15.0 MHz 30.0 MHz >30.0 MHz
The Low, Medium, and High pass band shapes achieved by the video bandwidth
settings provide flat filter responses with very sharp cut-off points by applying
digital signal processing techniques to ensure accurate power measurement
within the specified band.
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General Power Meter Functions 2
–
3.5 dB
5 MHz
15 MHz
30 MHz
0
Frequency
Amplitude
P-Series Sensors
Approx
High
Med
Low
Off
Meter B/W
Setting
Channel
Figure 2-20 Bandwidth filter shapes
When video bandwidth is set to Off, it removes all digital signal conditioning. This
provides approximately 3 dB roll off at the maximum sensor’s bandwidth and is
best suited for accurate trace capture, minimizing overshoot, and removing any
ringing effects caused by the sharp cut-off filters used in the Low, Med and High
settings. Figure 2-20 shows the filter shapes associated with the P-Series
Wideband Power Sensors.
Procedure
Set the video bandwidth as follows:
1 Click . Click to select the required channel.
2 Use the and softkeys to select the Video B/W setting field.
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2 General Power Meter Functions
3 Click to display the Video B/W pop-up.
Figure 2-21 Video Bandwid th pop-up
4 Use the and softkeys to highlight the required Video Band width
setting and click .
5 Click softkey to close the Channel Setup screen.
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Setting Measurement Channel Gates
NOTE
Gate 3
Trigger
Gate 2
Gate 4
Gate 1
This feature is only available when a P-Series Power Sensor is connected.
A system of gates, controlled by and referenced to a trigger point, is used to
obtain measurement data from a captured trace. The trace data within each gate
period is subsequently used for the individual measurement calculations. Up to 4
gates can be set up for each channel. Figure 2-22 shows an example of 4 gates
setup to perform the following measurements simultaneously:
Average power level of the pulse:
Gate 1, average measurement
Average “off” power level ahead of the pulse:
Gate 2, average measurement
Peak to average ratio:
Gate 1, peak-to-average measurement
Pulse drop:
Gate 3, average measurement, minus Gate 4, average measurement
General Power Meter Functions 2
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Figure 2-22 Example of measurement gates
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2 General Power Meter Functions
NOTE
NOTE
Gates Setup
NOTE
Figure 2-22 shows measurement results using this example of the gates
placement.
Procedure
This procedure uses the Gates Setup under the Channel Setup menu.
Alternatively, you can use a more visual method, when in the Graphical Trace
Mode (Gate Control Menu), to set the channel’s Gate Control. (See “Setting the
Trace Display” on page 100).
– Click . The Channel Gate Setup screen is displayed.
Figure 2-23 Gate Setup screen
1 Highlight the Gate Start you want to configure using the , , and
softkeys.
The gate start time is relative to the trigger event. Positive values set a
measurement gate, to a maximum time of 1 second, after the trigger. Negative
time gate start values set a measurement gate, to a maximum time of 1 second,
before the trigger.
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General Power Meter Functions 2
smsμs
ns
smsμs
ns
2 Click and use the numeric softkey pad to enter the required value in the
Time Gating Start pop-up window.
Figure 2-24 Time Gating Start pop-up
3 Complete the entry by clicking the required second, millisecond, microsecond
or nanosecond ( , , or ) softkey.
4 Highlight the Gate Length you want to configure using the , , , and
softkeys.
Figure 2-25 Time Gating Length pop-up
5 Complete the entry by clicking the required second, millisecond, or
microsecond or nanosecond ( , , or ) softkey.
6 Repeat this process until you have setup all the required gates.
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2 General Power Meter Functions
NOTE
NOTE
NOTE
Trace Setup
Setting up the Channel Trace
This feature is only available when a P-Series Power Sensor is connected.
The Trace Setup is the only location where you can change the Y-axis units from
dBm to Watts.
Procedure
This procedure uses the Trace Setup under the Channel Setup menu.
Alternatively, you can use a more visual method, when in the Graphical Trace
Mode (Trace Control Menu), to set the channel’s Trace Control. (See “Setting the
Trace Display” on page 100).
1 Click , to display the Trace Setup menu.
Figure 2-26 Trace setup display
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General Power Meter Functions 2
smsμs
ns
2 Use the and softkeys to highlight the X Start field.
3 Click to display the Trace Start Time pop-up and use the numeric
softkey pad to enter the required value in the Trace Start Time pop-up
window.
Figure 2-27 Trace Start Time pop-up
4 Complete the entry by clicking the required second, millisecond, microsecond
or nanosecond ( , , or ) softkey.
5 Use the and softkeys to highlight the X Scale field.
6 Click to display the X Scale/Division pop-up.
a Use the numeric softkey pad to enter the required value in the X Scale/
Division pop-up window.
b Use the and softkeys to increase or decrease the value.
Figure 2-28 X Scale/Division pop-up
7 Complete the entry by clicking:
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2 General Power Meter Functions
smsμsnsEnter
dBm
a The required second, millisecond, microsecond or nanosecond ( , ,
or ) softkey.
b The softkey.
8 Use the and softkeys to highlight the Units field.
If you want to view the trace in linear scale, use this field. Otherwise the
default scale is in logarithmic.
9 Click to display the Units pop-up, and use the and to highlight
Watt or dBm.
Figure 2-29 Trace Units pop-up
10 Click to complete the entry.
11 Use the and softkeys to highlight the Y Max field.
12 Click to display the Trace Maximum pop-up, and use the numeric
softkey pad to enter the required value in the Trace Maximum pop-up window.
Figure 2-30 Y scale maximum value pop-up
13 Complete the entry by clicking the or the linear value.
14 Use the and softkeys to highlight the Y Scale field.
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General Power Meter Functions 2
dB
15 Click to display the Y Scale/Division pop-up.
a Use the numeric softkey pad to enter the required value in the Y Scale/
Division pop-up window.
b Use the and softkeys to increase or decrease the value.
Figure 2-31 Y Scale/Division pop-up
16 Complete the entry by clicking the or the linear value.
17 Click softkey to complete the setup and display the measurements
results.
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2 General Power Meter Functions
NOTE
Acqn
Trigger status
NOTE
Setting the Trigger
This feature is only available when a P-Series Power Sensor is connected.
The trigger can be taken from a rising or falling measured power level or
controlled externally using the Ext Trig input. Additional control features such as;
hold-off, hysteresis, and delay are provided to help you achieve a stable and
reliable trigger. To use the measurement gates, the power meter must be
triggered.
Press . The Trigger menu is displayed.
The trigger status is displayed below the label in the Trigger menu.
Figure 2-32 shows the power meter display in Free Run mode. In this mode the
meter is not synchronized to any modulated RF signal at the sensor input.
Consequently, power levels within the configured time gates are random and the
displayed measurement results are not valid.
Figure 2-32 Trigger menu - free run mode
The symbol in the upper window indicates the power meter is in free mode.
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General Power Meter Functions 2
Acqn A
Acqn B
Sing Trig
Cont Trig
Sing Trig
Cont Trig
Settings
Rising edge source
Channel A is
Trigger Source
Source
Source
Ext
Ch.A
Ch.B
Procedure
1 Click or softkeys to configure a trigger.
2 Select either or .
– is a single shot mode. After triggering, the measurement is
halted, the symbol is displayed. You can start another measurement by
clicking the softkey.
–
is a continuos trigger mode. The symbol or is displayed.
3 Click to configure the remaining trigger parameters. The trigger
Settings menu have 2 pages. Figure 2-33 shows page 1 and Figure 2-36
shows page 2.
Figure 2-33 Trigger Setting Menu 1 of 2
To help you quickly check the triggering setup, the current settings for all the
trigger parameters are shown with their respective softkey labels.
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Source The current setting is shown below the label.
To change the setting press and choose , or .
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2 General Power Meter Functions
Ext
Mode
Source Ch.A
Source Ch.B
Mode
Norm
AutoLvl
Norm
AutoLvl
Level
Norm
Level
Level
dBm
Delay
Delay
The trigger source is shown beside the trigger symbol when a measurement
window is configured in single numeric mode. When an external trigger ( ) is
selected, the power meter can be triggered via the Ext Trig input.
Mode The key is only available when trigger or
is selected.
To change the setting press and choose or .
The current setting is displayed below the label. When is selected you can
choose the RF power level transition used as the trigger. The power meter
automatically finds a triggering power level transition when is selected.
Level is only available when trigger mode has been selected. The
current value is shown below the label. The minimum power level you can
enter is limited to 40 dB below the maximum sensor power. To change the setting
press and use the numeric softkey pad to enter the required value in the
Trigger Level pop-up window to enter the new value.
Figure 2-34 Trigger Level pop-up
Complete the entry by pressing .
Delay The current setting is displayed below the label. The delay time is
applied between the trigger event and all the gate start times. This allows you to
time-shift all the gates by the same amount with one setting change. A delay of
up to 1 second can be entered. To enter or change the setting press and
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General Power Meter Functions 2
smsμs
ns
NOTE
1 of 2
use the numeric softkey pad to enter the required value in the Trigger Delay
pop-up window to enter the new value.
Figure 2-35 Trigger delay pop-up
Complete the entry by pressing the required second, millisecond, microsecond or
nanosecond ( , , or ) softkey.
The trigger delay time can also be entered or changed in the Trace Display mode
when the Gate Control menu is displayed. See “Setting the Trace Display” on
page 100 for further detail.
Click to display the second menu page.
Figure 2-36 Trigger setting menu 2 of 2
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2 General Power Meter Functions
Slope
+
–
Slope
+–Holdoff
Holdoff
ms
μs
ns
Hysteresis
Norm
Hysteresis
Slope The current setting is displayed below the label and the or
symbol is displayed in single numeric display mode. (and ) is used to
generate the trigger from an increasing power level. Similarly, (and ) is used
to generate the trigger from a decreasing power level. To change the setting,
press to highlight or as required.
Holdoff The current setting is displayed below the label. After a trigger
event occurs, the trigger mechanism is disabled for the configured time period.
This allows stable triggering to be achieved even when a signal has multiple
edges, for example, a TDMA signal with non-constant amplitude modulation.
Values up to 400 ms can be configured.
To change the setting press and use the numeric softkey pad to enter the
required value in the Trigger Holdoff pop-up window to enter the new value.
Figure 2-37 Trigger holdoff pop-up
Complete the entry by pressing , or .
Hysteresis is only available when trigger mode has been
selected. The current setting is displayed below the label. You can use
the hysteresis function to help generate a more stable trigger by preventing
triggering unless the RF power level achieves the trigger level and the additional
hysteresis value. It can be applied to both rising and falling edge trigger
generation. A maximum of 3 dB hysteresis can be entered.
Rising Edge
When a rising power transition triggers the power meter, the triggering system is
disabled. The power meter does not trigger again if another rising power
transition is presented. The triggering system is re-armed only when the input
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General Power Meter Functions 2
Hysteresis
dB
Output
On
Output
On
Off
power falls below a level equal to the trigger level minus the configured hysteresis
value.
Falling Edge
When a falling power transition triggers the power meter, the triggering system is
disabled. The power meter does not trigger again if another falling power
transition is presented. The triggering system is rearmed only when the input
power rises above a level equal to the trigger level plus the configured hysteresis
value.
To change the setting, press and use the numeric softkey pad to enter
the required value in the Trigger Hysteresis pop-up window to enter the new
value.
Figure 2-38 Trigger hsyteresis pop-up
Complete the entry by pressing .
Output The current setting is displayed below the label. A TTL level
high is produced at the front panel TRIG OUT SMB connector when the power
meter is triggered when is configured.
To change the setting, click to highlight or as required.
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2 General Power Meter Functions
OUT
Swept Source
OUT
OUT
Device Under
Test
Power Meter
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Upper Limit Line
Lower Limit Line
Amplitude
+10 dBM
+4 dBM
Fail
Fail
Setting Measurement Limits
You can configure the power meter to detect when a measurement has crossed
over a predefined upper and/or lower limit value.
Limits are boundaries set for a certain power range and it can be applied to
power, ratio or difference measurement.
Figure 2-39 Limits checking applications
In this application a swept frequency signal is applied to the input of the Device
Under Test. The power meter measures the output power. The limits have been
set at +4 dBm and +10 dBm. A fail occurs each time the output power is outside
these limits as shown in Figure 2-40.
Figure 2-40 Limits checking results
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Setting limits
NOTE
Meas Select
The power meter can be configured to verify the current measurement in any
measurement line against predefined upper and/or lower limit values. The range
of values that can be set for the upper and lower limits and the default values
depends on the measurement units in the currently selected measurement line
(see Table ).
Table 2 -4 Range of values for window limits
Window units Maximum Minimum Default maximum Default minimum
dB +200 dB –180 dB 60 dB –120 dB
dBm +230 dBm –150 dBm 90 dBm –90 dBm
% 999.9 X% 100.0 a% 100.0 M% 100.0 p%
W 100.000 XW 1.000 aW 1.000 MW 1.000 pW
Procedure
Set the limits as follows:
General Power Meter Functions 2
Ensure you have selected the channel you wish to set up.
1 Click , to display the Measurement Setup menus.
2 Use the and softkeys to highlight the Limits: setting field.
3 Click to check the Limits: setting field.
4 Use the softkey to highlight the Minimum Limits: value field.
5 Click to display the Minimum Limit pop-up.
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2 General Power Meter Functions
dBm
dBm
NOTE
Figure 2-41 Minimum limit pop-up
6 Use the numeric softkey pad to enter the required value and click .
7 Use the softkey to highlight the Maximum Limits: value field.
8 Click to display the Maximum Limit pop-up.
9 Use the numeric softkey pad to enter the required value and click .
10 Click softkey to close the Measurement Setup screen.
The Limits can be disabled and re-enabled by checking the Limits: setting field.
Checking for limit failures
Limit failures are displayed in the appropriate field in the measurement window on
the power meter’s display as shown in Figure 2-42.
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Figure 2-42 Limit failures
This measurement has failed
as the result is greater than
the set limit level.
This measurement has failed as
the result is less than the set
limit level.
General Power Meter Functions 2
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2 General Power Meter Functions
Gates 1 to 4
Peak
Average
Pk-to-Avg
Gate 1
Peak
Ave rag e
Pk-to-Avg
Feed 1
Feed 2
Feed 1
Feed 2
Feed 1
Feed 2
Feed 1
Feed 2
Gate 2
Gate 3
Gate 4
12 measurements per channel
Peak
Average
Pk-to-Avg
Peak
Average
Pk-to-Avg
Setting the Measurement Display
Using the gate settings, up to four measurements or a combination of
measurements can be shown on the display. Any of the 4 measurement display
lines can show any of the measurement results from any of the 4 gates, allowing
you complete control of the displayed information.
The power meter cannot display all 12 (or 24) measurements simultaneously.
Average, peak, and peak-to-average ratio are made within each gate period
generating possible measurement results per channel as shown in Figure 2-43.
Figure 2-43 Twelve measurements per channel
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General Power Meter Functions 2
Peak
Average
Pk-to-Avg
Gate 1
Peak
Average
Pk-to-Avg
Feed 1
Feed 2
Feed 1
Feed 2
Feed 1
Feed 2
Feed 1
Feed 2
Single
Combined
Gate 2
Gate 3
Gate 4
Measurement Feeds
(single or combined)
12/24 Measurement Highway
Feed 1-Feed 2
Feed 1/Feed 2
Single
Combined
Feed 1-Feed 2
Feed 1/Feed 2
Single
Combined
Feed 1-Feed 2
Feed 1/Feed 2
Single
Combined
Feed 1-Feed 2
Feed 1/Feed 2
Peak
Average
Pk-to-Avg
Peak
Average
Pk-to-Avg
Single Numeric
Dual Numeric
Meas Select
Figure 2-44 Measurement feed example
Each displayed line has a measurement feed. Each measurement feed has two
independent inputs, Feed 1 and Feed 2. The two Feeds, 1 and 2, can carry any of
the 12 measurement results from the 4 gates. (24 measurements from 8 gates in
the dual channel ). Only Feed 1 can be displayed in Single Mode. In Combined
Mode, Feed 1 - Feed 2 or Feed 1 / Feed 2 can be displayed.
Numeric format
Configure a measurement displayed in or format as
follows:
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Click , to select the measurement window or measurement
line you want to configure.
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2 General Power Meter Functions
Gate Field
Measurement Field
Selected window/
measurement
Function field
NOTE
Figure 2-45 Measurement Setup showing single configuration
Single function measurement
Figure 2-45 shows Gate 1 with an average measurement assigned in the upper
measurement line of the lower window.
88 Keysight N8262A User’s Guide
The gate field is disabled if trigger acquisition is Free Run.
1 Use the , , , , to highlight the Combination function field.
2 Click to display the Function pop-up, and use the and to
highlight Single.
Figure 2-46 Function pop-up
3 Click to complete the entry.
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General Power Meter Functions 2
Enter
4 Use the , , , , to highlight the measurement type field.
5 Click to display the Feed Measurement pop-up, and use the and
in assign a measurement type.
Figure 2-47 Measurement type pop-up
6 Click to complete the entry.
7 Use the , , , , to highlight the Gate field.
8 Click to display the Gate Number pop-up, and use the numeric
softkey pad to enter the required value in the Gate Number pop-up window.
Figure 2-48 Gating number pop-up
9 Click to complete the entry.
10 Repeat this process until you have setup all the required gates and
measurements.
11 Click softkey to complete the setup and display the measurement
results.
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2 General Power Meter Functions
Gate Fields
Gate fields
Selected window/
measurement
Measurement fields
Function field
Combination field
NOTE
Combined measurement
Figure 2-49 shows a Combined Measurement configuration; Channel A, gate 1
peak power minus gate 3 peak power, to be displayed in the lower measurement
line of the lower display window.
Figure 2-49 Measurement Setup showing combined configuration
90 Keysight N8262A User’s Guide
The Gate field is disabled if Trigger Acquisition is Free Run.
1 Use the , , , , to highlight the Combination function field.
2 Click to display the Function pop-up (see Figure 2-46) and use the
and to highlight Combined.
3 Click to complete the entry.
4 Use the , , , , to highlight the measurement type field.
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General Power Meter Functions 2
Enter
5 Click to display the Feed Measurement pop-up (see Figure 2-47) and
use the and in assign a measurement type.
6 Click to complete the entry.
7 Use the , , , , to highlight the Gate field.
8 Click to display the Gate Number pop-up, see Figure 2-48, and use
the numeric softkey pad to enter the required value in the Gate Number
pop-up window.
9 Click to complete the entry.
10 Repeat this process until you have setup all the required gates and
measurements.
11 Click softkey to complete the setup and display the measurements
results.
Figure 2-50 Measurement example display
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2 General Power Meter Functions
NOTE
dBm
mW
μW
nW
Analog
Anlg Mtr Scaling
Max
Min
Max
dB
Min
dB
Scaling the Analog Display
Ensure you have highlighted an Analog window.
Use the , , or softkeys to select the analog measurement window.
Click , , , or , to complete the entry.
Configure a measurement displayed in format as follows:
1 Click , to display the Analog Scaling softkeys.
The and scale values are shown on the analog display and adjacent
to the softkey labels.
2 Click to display the Meter Maximum pop-up.
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Figure 2-51 Maximum limit pop-up
3 Use the numeric softkey pad to enter the required value and click .
4 Click to display the Meter Minimum pop-up.
Figure 2-52 Minimum limit pop-up
5 Use the numeric softkey pad to enter the required value and click .
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General Power Meter Functions 2
Press these keys to select the units required
Increment Multiplier
Decrement Multiplier
xW
Tip If you have selected linear scaling for the analog measurement and the units
you require are beyond the range of the displayed menu, an additional menu is
available. When the pop-up is displayed, you can press
1 of 2 to access the
increment/decrement multiplier menu.
Figure 2-53 Increment and decrement multiplier
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Use the or to display the required
units.
Click the units softkey ( ) to complete the entry.
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2 General Power Meter Functions
Max Power
Min Power
NOTE
Meas Select
Recorder Output
The front panel Recorder Output connectors (1 and 2) produce a dc voltage that
corresponds to the power level in Watts of the channel depending on the
measurement mode. This dc voltage ranges from 0 to +1 Vdc. The output
impedance is typically 1 kW.. Channel and display offsets, and duty cycle have no
effect on the Recorder Outputs.
For example, the Recorder Outputs can be used to:
– Record swept measurements
– Level an output from a source using external leveling
– Monitor the output power
To access the Recorder menu click , and enable Rec o/p. This allows you
to switch the Recorder Output signal either on or off. The and
softkeys allow you to scale the power levels to represent the 1 Vdc
maximum and 0 Vdc minimum output voltage of the Recorder Output.
Procedure
Set the recorder output as follows:
Ensure you have selected the channel you want to set up.
1 Click , to display the Measurement Setup menus.
2 Use the and softkeys to highlight the Rec o/p: setting field.
3 Click to reveal the Recorder option menu.
4 Use the and softkeys to highlight the option you require.
Three options: 1, 2 or Off.
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General Power Meter Functions 2
dBm
dBm
5 Click .
6 Use the softkey to highlight the Recorder Minimum: value field.
7 Click to display the Recorder Minimum pop-up.
Figure 2-54 Recorder minimum pop-up
8 Use the numeric softkey pad to enter the power level you want to generate a 1
Vdc output in the Recorder Maximum pop-up and click .
9 Use the softkey to highlight the Recorder Maximum: value field.
10 Click to display the Recorder Maximum pop-up.
Figure 2-55 Recorder minimum pop-up
11 Use the numeric softkey pad to enter the power level you want to generate a 0
Vdc output in the Recorder Minimum pop-up and click .
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2 General Power Meter Functions
NOTE
NOTE
12 Click softkey to close the Measurement Setup screen.
The recorder output can be disabled and re-enabled by checking the Rec o/p:
setting field.
The highest power you are going to measure is used to determine the value
which you should set for the Recorder Output maximum setting. For example, if
you are measuring a power less than 1 mW and greater than 100 mW, then set
the recorder maximum value to 1 mW.
Tab le 2-5 Ranges of recorder output setting
Log 50403020100
Lin 100 W 10 W 1 W 100 mW 10 mW 1 mW
Log -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60
Lin 100 mW 10 mW 1 mW 100 nW 10 nW 1 nW
Tip If you have selected linear scaling for the recorder output and the units you
require are beyond the range of the displayed menu, an additional menu is
available. When the pop-up is displayed, you can press 1 of 2 to access the
increment/decrement multiplier menu.
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General Power Meter Functions 2
Press these keys to select the units required
Increment Multiplier
Decrement Multiplier
xW
Figure 2-56 Increment and decrement multiplier
Use the or to display the required
units. Click the units softkey ( ) to complete the entry.
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2 General Power Meter Functions
NOTE
Save/Recall
Save
Confirm
Saving and Recalling Power Meter States
To reduce repeated setup sequences, you can save a maximum of ten power
meter states in the non-volatile memory.
The save/recall functions are part of the Sys/Inputs menu, accessed by clicking
the softkey.
Your power meter has measurement configurations suitable for common
wireless communication and radar (pulse) formats already saved as Instrument
Presets. These require P-Series Power Sensors.
To save a measurement setup:
1 Click , to display the Save/Recall screen as shown in
Figure 2-57.
Figure 2-57 Save/Recall screen
2 Using the and softkeys, select an available name from the displayed
list. To change the name of a register -See Chapter 2, “Editing a register’s
name,” starting on page 99, otherwise click .
3 The power meter prompts you to click to proceed.
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Figure 2-58 Save confirm pop-up
Save/Recall
Edit Name
Insert Char
Delete Char
Enter
Save/Recall
Editing a register’s name
1 If you have not already done so, click , .
2 Use the and softkeys to select the required register and click
. The selected name is displayed in a pop-up window. Modify this as
required:
General Power Meter Functions 2
Figure 2-59 File name pop-up
3 Use and softkeys to modify the character on which the cursor is
currently positioned.
4 Use or to move to other characters.
5 Use and as required.
6 To confirm your choice click .
Recalling a measurement setup
1 Click , .
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2 General Power Meter Functions
Recall
Recall
Confirm
2 Use the and softkeys to select the required register and click .
The softkey is disabled (grayed out) when an unused register is selected.
Figure 2-60 Recall pop-up
3 Click .
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