Keysight Technologies N5221A, N5222A Service Manual

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Keysight

2-Port and 4-Port

PNA Microwave Network Analyzers

This manual provides documentation for the following models:

N5221A (10 MHz to 13.5 GHz)

N5222A (10 MHz to 26.5 GHz)

Service Guide

Notices

No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Keysight Technologies, Inc. as governed by United States and international copyright laws.

Trademark Acknowledgments

Manual Part Number

N5222-90001

Edition

Edition 1, December 2017

Supersedes: November 2016

Printed in USA/Malaysia

Published by: Keysight Technologies

1400 Fountaingrove Parkway Santa Rosa, CA 95403

Warranty

THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED “AS IS,” AND IS SUBJECT TO BEING CHANGED, WITHOUT NOTICE, IN FUTURE EDITIONS. FURTHER, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, KEYSIGHT DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL AND ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. KEYSIGHT SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS OR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING, USE, OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN. SHOULD KEYSIGHT AND THE USER HAVE A SEPARATE WRITTEN AGREEMENT WITH WARRANTY TERMS

COVERING THE MATERIAL IN THIS DOCUMENT THAT CONFLICT WITH THESE TERMS, THE WARRANTY TERMS IN THE SEPARATE AGREEMENT WILL CONTROL.

Technology Licenses

The hardware and/or software described in this document are furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.

U.S. Government Rights

The Software is “commercial computer software,” as defined by Federal Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”) 2.101. Pursuant to FAR

12.212 and 27.405-3 and Department of Defense FAR Supplement (“DFARS”) 227.7202, the U.S. government acquires commercial computer software under the same terms by which the software is customarily provided to the public. Accordingly, Keysight provides the Software to U.S. government customers under its standard commercial license, which is embodied in its End User License Agreement (EULA), a copy of which can be found at

http://www.keysight.com/find/sweula

The license set forth in the EULA represents the exclusive authority by which the U.S. government may use, modify, distribute, or disclose the Software. The EULA and the license set forth therein, does not require or permit, among other things, that Keysight: (1) Furnish technical information related to commercial computer software or commercial computer software documentation that is not customarily provided to the public; or (2) Relinquish to, or otherwise provide, the government rights in excess of these rights customarily provided to the public to use, modify, reproduce, release, perform, display, or disclose commercial computer software or commercial computer software

documentation. No additional government requirements beyond those set forth in the EULA shall apply, except to the extent that those terms, rights, or licenses are explicitly required from all providers of commercial computer software pursuant to the FAR and the DFARS and are set forth specifically in writing elsewhere in the EULA. Keysight shall be under no obligation to update, revise or otherwise modify the Software. With respect to any technical data as defined by FAR 2.101, pursuant to FAR 12.211 and 27.404.2 and DFARS 227.7102, the U.S. government acquires no greater than Limited Rights as defined in FAR 27.401 or DFAR 227.7103-5 (c), as applicable in any technical data.

Safety Notices

A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to the product or loss of important data. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

A WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury or death. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

1. Safety and Regulatory Information

Information in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Chapter One at-a-Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Safety Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

General Safety Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Safety Earth Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Before Applying Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Servicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Electrostatic Discharge Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

Regulatory Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9

Instrument Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9

Lithium Battery Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10

2. General Product Information

Information in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Chapter Two at-a-Glance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Contents

Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Physical Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Electrical Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Analyzer Options, Accessories and Upgrades Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Pulse I/O Adapter-N1966A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Required Service Test Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Keysight Support, Services, and Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

Service and Support Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

Contacting Keysight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

Shipping Your Analyzer to Keysight for Service or Repair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

3. Tests and Adjustments

Information in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Conventions Used for Hardkeys, Softkeys, and Menu Items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Chapter Three at-a-Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Verify the Operating Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Protect Against Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Allow the Analyzer to Warm Up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Review the Principles of Connector Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

About System Verification and Performance Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 4

Contents

Instrument Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

System Verification Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

Performance Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

Certificate of Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

ANSI/NCSL Z540.3–2006 and ISO/IEC 17025 Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

Non-Standards Compliant Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Preliminary Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

The Operator’s Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

The Test Port Cable Checks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

System Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21

What the System Verification Verifies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21

Measurement Uncertainty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21

Measurement Traceability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-22

Performing System Verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23

Performance Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31

Source Power Accuracy Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31

Source Maximum Power Output Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32

Source Power Linearity Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33

Frequency Accuracy Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-34

Trace Noise Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-34

Receiver Compression Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-35

Noise Floor Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-37

Calibration Coefficients Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-38

Dynamic Accuracy Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-39

Adjustments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-41

10 MHz Frequency Reference Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-41

Synthesizer Bandwidth Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-42

Source Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-42

IF Gain Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-43

Receiver Characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-43

Receiver Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-44

EE Default Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-46

IF Response Adjustment (Option 090, 093, or 094 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-46

4. Troubleshooting

Information in This Chapter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1

Chapter Four at-a-Glance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Conventions Used for Hardkeys, Softkeys, and Menu Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Operating the Analyzer With Covers Removed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Protect Against Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

Assembly Replacement Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

5 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Contents

Getting Started with Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

Check the Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

Troubleshooting Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

Power Up Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

Power Supply Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9

Troubleshooting LCD Display Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14

Front Panel Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16

Front Panel Keypad and RPG Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16

A3 Display Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19

Checking the A2 USB Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19

A1 Front Panel Interface Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20

Rear Panel Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21

Checking the USB Ports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21

Checking the CONTROLLER Port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21

LAN Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22

Measurement System Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28

Before you begin—consider: Where do you see a problem? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28

Verifying the A, B, C, D, and R Traces (Standard S-Parameter Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29

Where to Begin Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-31

Checking the Source Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34

Checking the Signal Separation Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-39

Checking the Receiver Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-43

Instrument Block Diagrams Sheet 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-47

Microwave PNA, N5221A/22A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-47

Instrument Block Diagrams Sheet 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-49

Microwave PNA, N5221A/22A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-49

5. Theory of Operation

Information in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Chapter Five at-a-Glance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Network Analyzer System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Functional Groups of the Network Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Synthesized Source Group Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

Basic Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

A4, A13, and A11 13.5 GHz Synthesizer Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9

A5 and A8 26.5 GHz Source Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10

A21 Multiplier/Amplifier 26.5 Board (HMA26.5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11

A10 Frequency Reference Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11

A19 Test Set Motherboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11

Signal Separation Group Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16

Configurable Test Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 6

Contents

A25–A28 Receiver Couplers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-17

A29–A32 Test Port Couplers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17

A34–A37 65-dB Source Step Attenuators and A38–A41 Bias Tees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20

Receiver Group Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-21

A42–A45 35-dB Receiver Step Attenuators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21

A33 Reference Mixer Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21

A23 and A24 Mixer Bricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21

A20 IF Multiplexer Board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22

A12 SPAM Board (Analog Description). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23

Digital Processing and Digital Control Group Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26

Front Panel Subgroup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28

Data Acquisition and Processing Subgroup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-29

Power Supply Group Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-31

6. Replaceable Parts

Information in This Chapter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-1

Chapter Six at-a-Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

Assembly Replacement Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

Rebuilt-Exchange Assemblies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4

Replaceable Parts Listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-6

Front Panel Assembly, Front Side, All Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-10

Front Panel Assembly, Back Side, All Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12

Top Assemblies and Cables, All Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-16

2-Port Configuration, Option 200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21

2-Port Configuration, Option 201 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27

2-Port Configuration, Option 210 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-34

2-Port Configuration, Option 217 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-40

2-Port Configuration, Option 219 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-47

4-Port Configuration, Option 400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-54

4-Port Configuration, Option 401 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-61

4-Port Configuration, Option 410 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-68

4-Port Configuration, Option 417 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-75

4-Port Configuration, Option 419 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-84

Rear Panel Assembly, All Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-94

Top Hardware and Miscellaneous Parts, All Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-96

Bottom Hardware and Miscellaneous Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-98

Internal Hardware and Miscellaneous Parts, All Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-101

External Hardware and Miscellaneous Parts, All Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-103

Miscellaneous Part Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-104

7 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

7. Repair and Replacement Procedures

Information in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

Chapter Seven at-a-Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

Personal Safety Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

Removal and Replacement Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4

Removing the Covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6

Removing and Replacing the Front Panel Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8

Removing and Replacing the A1–A3 and Other Front Panel Subassemblies. . . . . . . . . . . 7-10

Removing and Replacing the A4–A13 Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15

Removing and Replacing the A14 System Motherboard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18

Removing and Replacing the A15 Midplane Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21

Removing and Replacing the A16 Power Supply Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23

Removing and Replacing the A17 CPU Board Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-25

Removing and Replacing the A18 GPIB Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27

Removing and Replacing the A19 Test Set Motherboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-29

Removing and Replacing the A20 IF Multiplexer Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-31

Contents

Removing and Replacing the A21 HMA26.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33

Removing and Replacing the A22 Splitter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-35

Removing and Replacing the A23 and A24 Mixer Bricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37

Removing and Replacing the A25–A28 Receiver Couplers and Mounting Brackets . . . . . 7-39

Removing and Replacing the A29–A32 Test Port Couplers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-41

Removing and Replacing the A33 Reference Mixer Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-43

Removing and Replacing the A34–A37 Source Attenuators, the A38–A41 Bias Tees, and the

A42–A45 Receiver Attenuators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-45

Removing and Replacing the A38–A41 Bias Tees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-48

Removing and Replacing the A51 Solid State Drive (SSD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-50

Removing and Replacing the Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-52

Removing and Replacing the Front Panel LED Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-54

Removing and Replacing the Fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-56

Removing and Replacing the Lithium Battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-58

Post-Repair Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-60

8. General Purpose Maintenance Procedures

Information in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

Chapter Eight at-a-Glance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

Conventions Used for Hardkeys, Softkeys, and Menu Items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

Error Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 8

Contents

Using Error Terms as a Diagnostic Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

Performing Measurement Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

Using Flowgraphs to Identify Error Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-3

Accessing Error Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6

Error Term Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-8

Option Enable Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11

Accessing the Option Enable Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11

Option Entitlement Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11

Enabling or Removing Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12

Repairing and Recovering Option Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13

Installing or Changing a Serial Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14

Firmware Upgrades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-15

How to Check the Current Firmware Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15

Downloading from the Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15

Operating System Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16

Recovering from Solid State Drive (SSD) Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16

Correction Constants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-17

Storing Correction Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17

9 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Contents

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 10

Contents

11 Keysight N5221A/22A Service

Guide

Keysight Microwave Network Analyzers 2-Port and 4-Port PNA Series

Service Guide

1 Safety and Regulatory Information

Information in This Chapter

This chapter provides safety information that will help protect you and your network analyzer. It also contains information that is required by various government regulatory agencies.

Chapter One at-a-Glance

Section Title Summary of Content Start Page

Safety Symbols Descriptions of CAUTION and WARNING symbols used

throughout this manual.

General Safety Considerations A list of safety points to consider when servicing your

network analyzer.

Electrostatic Discharge Protection A discussion of electrostatic discharge (ESD) and

related recommendations and requirements for ESD protection.

Regulatory Information Definitions of instrument markings.

Instructions for disposing of the analyzer’s lithium battery.

page 1-2

page 1-3

page 1-7

page 1-9

1-1

Safety and Regulatory Information Safety Symbols

Safety Symbols

The following safety symbols are used throughout this manual. Familiarize yourself with each of the symbols and its meaning before operating this instrument.

Caution denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of the instrument. Do not proceed beyond a caution note until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

Warning denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning note until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

1-2 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Safety and Regulatory Information General Safety Considerations

General Safety Considerations

Safety Earth Ground

This is a Safety Class I product (provided with a protective earthing ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective conductor, inside or outside of the instrument, will make the instrument dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.

Always use the three-prong AC power cord supplied with this product. Failure to ensure adequate grounding by not using this cord may cause product damage.

Before Applying Power

If this product is not used as specified, the protection provided by the equipment could be impaired. This product must be used in a normal condition (in which all means for protection are intact) only.

If an instrument handle is damaged, you should replace it immediately. Damaged handles can break while you are moving or lifting the instrument and cause personal injury or damage to the instrument.

This instrument has autoranging line voltage input. Be sure the supply voltage is within the specified range.

Supply voltages which oscillate between the two normal input ranges of the autoranging line voltage input will damage the power supply. In rare cases, this damage has become a user safety concern. If unstable power levels are expected, the analyzer input power must be buffered by a line conditioner.

This product is designed for use in Installation Category II and Pollution Degree 2 per IEC 61010-1:2001 and 664 respectively.

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 1-3

Safety and Regulatory Information General Safety Considerations

Ventilation Requirements: When installing the product in a cabinet, the convection into and out of the product must not be restricted. The ambient temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the maximum operating temperature of the instrument by 4 °C for every 100 watts dissipated in the cabinet. If the total power dissipated in the cabinet is greater than 800 watts, then forced convection must be used.

Do not operate the analyzer with the outer cover removed for more than 30 minutes, as this could cause the analyzer to overheat which could result in costly damage.

The measuring terminals on this instrument are designed to be used with external signals described in Measurement Category I, but NOT with external signals described in Categories II, III, and IV. The input of this instrument cannot be connected to the mains.

1-4 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Safety and Regulatory Information General Safety Considerations

Servicing

These servicing instructions are for use by qualified personnel only. To avoid electrical shock, do not perform any servicing unless you are qualified to do so.

Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended. Discard used batteries according to local ordinances and/or manufacturer’s instructions.

Procedures described in this document may be performed with power supplied to the product while protective covers are removed. Energy available at many points may, if contacted, result in personal injury.

Do not operate the analyzer with the outer cover removed for more than 30 minutes, as this could cause the analyzer to overheat which could result in costly damage.

No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified personnel. To prevent electrical shock, do not remove covers.

The opening of covers or removal of parts may expose dangerous voltages. Disconnect the instrument from all voltage sources while it is being opened.

The detachable power cord is the instrument disconnecting device. It disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply before other parts of the instrument. The front panel switch is only a standby switch and is not a LINE switch (disconnecting device).

There are no replaceable fuses in the mains input or within the power supply assembly.

Keysight personnel: after calibration is completed, attach four “calibration void if seal broken” stickers to the PNA as shown in Figure 1-1.

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 1-5

Safety and Regulatory Information General Safety Considerations

Figure 1-1 Location of Calibration Stickers on PNA

1-6 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Safety and Regulatory Information Electrostatic Discharge Protection

Electrostatic Discharge Protection

Protection against electrostatic discharge (ESD) is essential while removing assemblies from or connecting cables to the network analyzer. Static electricity can build up on your body and can easily damage sensitive internal circuit elements when discharged. Static discharges too small to be felt can cause permanent damage. To prevent damage to the instrument:

— always have a grounded, conductive table mat in front of your test

equipment.

— always wear a grounded wrist strap, connected to a grounded conductive

table mat, having a 1 MΩ resistor in series with it, when handling components and assemblies or when making connections.

— always wear a heel strap when working in an area with a conductive floor. If

you are uncertain about the conductivity of your floor, wear a heel strap.

— always ground yourself before you clean, inspect, or make a connection to

a static-sensitive device or test port. You can, for example, grasp the grounded outer shell of the test port or cable connector briefly.

— always ground the center conductor of a test cable before making a

connection to the analyzer test port or other static-sensitive device. This can be done as follows:

1. Connect a short (from your calibration kit) to one end of the cable to short the center conductor to the outer conductor.

2. While wearing a grounded wrist strap, grasp the outer shell of the cable connector.

3. Connect the other end of the cable to the test port and remove the short from the cable.

Figure 1-2 shows a typical ESD protection setup using a grounded mat and

wrist strap. Refer to “Miscellaneous Part Numbers” on page 6-104 for part numbers.

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 1-7

Safety and Regulatory Information Electrostatic Discharge Protection

Figure 1-2 ESD Protection Setup

1-8 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Safety and Regulatory Information

ICES/NMB-001

Regulatory Information

This section contains information that is required by various government regulatory agencies.

Instrument Markings

Familiarize yourself with these instrument markings and their meanings before operating the instrument.

Some instrument markings may not appear on your analyzer.

The instruction documentation symbol. The product is marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instructions in the documentation.

The AC symbol indicates the required nature of the line module input power.

This symbol indicates separate collection for electrical and electronic equipment, mandated under EU law as of August 13, 2005. All electric and electronic equipment are required to be separated from normal waste for disposal (Reference WEEE Directive, 2002/96/EC).

This symbol indicates that the power line switch is ON.

This symbol indicates that the power line switch is in the STANDBY position.

This symbol indicates that the power line switch is in the OFF position.

This symbol is used to identify a terminal which is internally connected to the product frame or chassis.

The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community. (If accompanied by a year, it is when the design was proven.)

The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the CSA International.

This mark designates the product is an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A product (reference CISPR 11, Clause 5).

This is a marking to indicate product compliance with the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Standard (ICES-001).

Direct Current.

IP 2 0 The instrument has been designed to meet the requirements of IP 2 0 for egress and

operational environment.

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 1-9

Safety and Regulatory Information Regulatory Information

The RCM mark is a registered trademark of the Australian Communications and Media Authority.

Indicates the time period during which no hazardous or toxic substance elements are expected to leak or deteriorate during normal use. Forty years is the expected useful life of the product.

This symbol on all primary or secondary packaging indicates compliance to China standard GB 18455-2001.

South Korean Certification (KC) mark; includes the marking's identifier code which follows the

format: MSIP-REM-YYY-ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ or KCC-REM-YYY-ZZZZZZZZZZZZ.

Lithium Battery Disposal

If the battery on the A17 CPU board assembly needs to be disposed of, dispose of it in accordance with your country’s requirements. If required, you may return the battery to Keysight Technologies for disposal. Refer to “Contacting

Keysight” on page 2-7 for assistance.

For instructions on removing and replacing the battery on the A17 CPU board assembly, refer to “Removing and Replacing the Lithium Battery” on

page 7-58.

1-10 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Keysight Microwave Network Analyzers 2-Port and 4-Port PNA Series

Service Guide

2 General Product Information

Information in This Chapter

Chapter Two at-a-Glance

Section Title Summary of Content Start Page

Maintenance Cleaning instructions for the external surfaces of your

analyzer.

Information about electrical maintenance of your analyzer.

Analyzer Options, Accessories and Upgrades Available

Required Service Test Equipment A list of service equipment that is required to perform

Keysight Support, Services, and Assistance

A hyperlink to the PNA Configuration Guide, which includes a list of options, accessories, and upgrades available for the microwave network analyzers.

system verification, performance tests, adjustments, and troubleshooting.

The Internet address (URL) for on-line assistance.

Service and support options available.

Calibration options available.

Important information about shipping your analyzer to Keysight for service or repair.

page 2-2

page 2-3

page 2-4

page 2-7

2-1

General Product Information Maintenance

Maintenance

Physical Maintenance

To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the analyzer from the mains source before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with water to clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean internally.

Electrical Maintenance

Refer to “Review the Principles of Connector Care” on page 3-5.

2-2 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

General Product Information Analyzer Options, Accessories and Upgrades Available

Analyzer Options, Accessories and Upgrades Available

To see a list of the options, accessories, and upgrades available for the network analyzers, including ordering information, refer to the Keysight PNA Family Microwave Network Analyzers Configuration Guide, available online at

http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5990-7745EN.pdf.

Pulse I/O Adapter-N1966A

An adapter for connecting between the analyzer’s rear-panel PULSE I/O connector and the coaxial inputs and outputs of external pulse generators and external pulse modulators. The adapter contains 11 SMB-male coaxial connectors and a mating connector for the rear-panel PULSE I/O connector.

This adapter can be ordered as model number N1966A.

Figure 2-1 Pulse I/O Adapter

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 2-3

General Product Information Required Service Test Equipment

Required Service Test Equipment

Equipment

Critical Specifications Recommended

Model or Part

Alternate Model or Part Number

Use

Number

Test Instruments and Software

Compression

None specified U3070AK01 None P

test set

Dynamic accuracy

None specified U3020AD01 None P

test set

Test software

Frequency counter Freq: 10 MHz to 20 GHz

N/A N7840A None P

Accuracy : ±0.5 ppm

53151A Opt 001

None P, A,T

Signal generator CW Freq: 1.185 GHz N5181A, Option 503 E8257D, Option 520 P, A, T

Power meter Accuracy: ±0.0068 dB N1913A/14A E4418A/B,

E4419A/B

Power sensor Freq: 10 MHz to 4.2 GHz

N8482A 8482A P, A,T

P, A , T

Range: –30 to +20 dBm

Power sensor Freq: 50 MHz to 40 or 50 GHz

N8485A 8485A or U8485A P, A,T

Range: –30 to +20 dBm

Spectrum analyzer Min Freq: 1 MHz

Max Freq: > 4 GHz Resolution BW: 300 Hz

E444xA PSA series, N90xxA signal analyzer family

856xE A,T

Digital voltmeter Resolution: 10 mV Any Any T

Printer N/A Any printer with Microsoft Windows XP or

Windows 7 driver

Mouse N/A Any Any --

Keyboard N/A Any Any --

a. Unless specified otherwise, equipment listed is required for all analyzer models. b. P = Performance tests, A = Adjustments, T = Troubleshooting, V = System verification c. The recommended model or part number for all equipment listed with a “P” in the Use column is required for proper operation

of this test software.

d. If an accurate measurement of the dynamic accuracy specification is not required, the E4418A or E4419A can be used.

2-4 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

General Product Information Required Service Test Equipment

Required Service Test Equipment (Cont’d)

Equipment

Critical Specifications Recommended

Model or Part

Alternate Model or Part Number

Useb

Number

Calibration and Verification Kits

3.5 mm calibration kit Freq: 10 MHz to 26.5 GHz 85052B 85052D P,T,V

3.5 mm verification kit Freq: 10 MHz to 26.5 GHz 85053B None V

Cables

BNC cable (2 required) 50 Ω, length ≥ 60 cm 8120-1839 None A

3.5 mm RF cable (Qty 2) 50 Ω, length ≥ 60 cm 85131C 85131E P,A,V

GPIB cable N/A 10833A/B/C/D None P,A

Adapters

3.5 mm (f) to 3.5 mm (f) Return Loss: ≥ 32 dB 83059B

85052-60012

P, A , T

3.5 mm (f) to type-N (m) Return Loss: ≥ 28 dB 1250-1743 None P,A,T

Attenuators

3.5 mm (m,f), 10-dB fixed attenuator

Accuracy: ± 0.5 dB Freq: 10 MHz to 26.5 GHz

8493C Option 010

None P

3.5 mm (m,f), 20-dB fixed attenuator

a. Unless specified otherwise, equipment listed is required for all analyzer models. b. P = Performance tests, A = Adjustments, T = Troubleshooting, R = Repair, V = System verification c. Included in the 85052B/D calibration kits.

Accuracy: ± 0.5 dB Freq: 10 MHz to 26.5 GHz

8493C Option 020

None P

Required Service Test Equipment (Cont’d)

Equipment

Tools

T-8 TORX driver 0.6 N-m (5 in-lb) setting N/A N/A R

T-10 TORX driver 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0 N-m

T-15 TORX driver 1.5 N-m (14 in-lb) setting N/A N/A T, R

T-20 TORX driver 2.4 N-m (21 in-lb) setting N/A N/A T, R

1/4 inch and 5/16 inch open-end wrench

Critical Specifications Recommended

Model or Part Number

Alternate Model Number

Useb

N/A N/A T, R

(4, 7, and 9 in-lb) settings

Thin profile 8710-0510 N/A A, R

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 2-5

General Product Information Required Service Test Equipment

Equipment

5/16 inch, open-end torque wrench (metric equivalent is 8 mm)

Critical Specifications Recommended

Model or Part Number

1.1 and 2.4 N-m (10 and 21

N/A N/A T, R

in-lb) settings (for semi-rigid

Alternate Model Number

Useb

cables)

1 inch, open-end torque wrench (metric equivalent is 26 mm)

8.1 N-m (72 in-lb) setting (for Port 1 and Port 2 connector

N/A N/A R

nuts)

9-mm, socket or open-end wrench 2.38 N-m (21 in-lb) setting (for

N/A N/A R all front panel and most rear panel connector hex nuts)

20 mm, open-end torque wrench 0.9 N-m (8 in-lb) setting (for

8710-1764 N/A P, A, T measurement port connections)

Static Safety Parts

Adjustable antistatic wrist strap N/A 9300-1367 None P, A, T

Antistatic wrist strap grounding cord

N/A 9300-0980 None P, A, T

(5 foot)

Static control table mat and earth

N/A 9300-0797 None P, A, T

ground wire

Miscellaneous

USB flash ROM drive N/A Any None P, A, R

a. Unless specified otherwise, equipment listed is required for all analyzer models. b. P = Performance tests, A = Adjustments, T = Troubleshooting, R = Repair, V = System verification

2-6 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

General Product Information Keysight Support, Services, and Assistance

Keysight Support, Services, and Assistance

Information on the following topics is included in this section.

— “Service and Support Options”

— “Contacting Keysight”

— “Shipping Your Analyzer to Keysight for Service or Repair”

Service and Support Options

The analyzer’s standard warranty period is one year from the time of initial delivery. All repairs require the analyzer to be shipped to the nearest Keysight Technologies service center. Extended warranty periods can be purchased with the initial product purchase.

There are many other repair and calibration options available from the Keysight Technologies support organization. These options cover a range of service agreements with a variety of time frames. The following support products with their associated options are available for purchase with the initial product purchase.

— R1280A Return to Keysight Warranty and Service Plan

Options are available to extend the warranty period to five years.

— R1282A Return to Keysight Calibration Plan

The analyzer is delivered with a one-year calibration certificate. Options are available to have Keysight Technologies provide three or five year calibration coverage (perform the annual calibration two or four times). Options for basic calibration or ISO/IEC 17025 or ANSI/NCSL Z540.3–2006 standards compliant calibrations are available. After calibration, the analyzer will be returned with a calibration label, a calibration certificate, and the calibration data.

— R1288A Return to Keysight On-Site Warranty and Service Plan

Same as R1280A, but the service is provided at the customer site.

— R1298A Return to Keysight On-Site Calibration Plan

Same as R1282A, but the service is provided at the customer site.

For more information on these and other service, please visit

https://service.keysight.com/infoline/public/default.aspx or refer to “Contacting Keysight” on page 2-7. If the warranty or calibration plan period

has expired, these services are available on a per-incident basis. Visit this InfoLine web site or contact Keysight to obtain a quote.

Contacting Keysight

Assistance with test and measurements needs and information or finding a local Keysight office are available on the Web at:

http://www.keysight.com/find/assist

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 2-7

General Product Information Keysight Support, Services, and Assistance

If you do not have access to the Internet, please contact your Keysight field engineer.

In any correspondence or telephone conversation, refer to the Keysight product by its model number and full serial number. With this information, the Keysight representative can determine whether your product is still within its warranty period.

Shipping Your Analyzer to Keysight for Service or Repair

Keysight Technologies reserves the right to reformat or replace the internal solid state drive in your analyzer as part of its repair. This will erase all user information stored on the solid state drive. It is imperative, therefore, that you make a backup copy of your critical test data located on the analyzer’s solid state drive before shipping it to Keysight for repair.

If you wish to send your network analyzer to Keysight Technologies for service or repair:

—Include a complete description of the service requested or of the failure and

a description of any failed test and any error message.

— Remove and retain the front handles and all rack mount hardware. The

analyzer should be sent to Keysight in the same configuration as it was originally shipped.

— Ship the analyzer using the original or comparable antistatic packaging

materials.

— Contact Keysight for instructions on where to ship your analyzer.

2-8 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Keysight Microwave Network Analyzers

Hardkey

Softkey

2-Port and 4-Port PNA Series

Service Guide

3 Tests and Adjustments

Information in This Chapter

This chapter contains procedures to help you check, verify, and adjust your PNA.

— The checks verify the operation of the assemblies in your analyzer.

— The verification compares the operation of your analyzer to a gold standard.

— The adjustments allow you to tune your analyzer for maximum response.

Conventions Used for Hardkeys, Softkeys, and Menu Items

The following conventions are used in this document:

This represents a “hardkey”, a key that is physically located on the instrument.

This represents a “softkey”, a key whose label is determined by the instrument firmware.

Menu Item This represents an item in a drop-down or pop-up menu.

Chapter Three at-a-Glance

Section Title Summary of Content Start Page

Before You Begin Items to consider or procedures to perform before testing is begun:

— Verify the Operating Environment

— Protect Against Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)

— Allow the Analyzer to Warm Up

— Review the Principles of Connector Care

page 3-4

3-1

Tests and Adjustments Information in This Chapter

Section Title Summary of Content Start Page

About System Verification and Performance Tests

Descriptions of:

— System Specifications

— Instrument Specifications

— System Verification Procedure

— Performance Tests

— Certificate of Calibration

ANSI/NCSL Z540.3– 2006 and ISO/IEC

The ANSI/NCSL Z540.3–2006 and ISO/IEC 17025 process of verifying your analyzer.

17025 Verification

Non-Standards

The Non-Standards Compliant process of verifying your analyzer. page 3-11

Compliant Verification

Preliminary Checks Performing the operator’s check.

Checking your test cables.

Perform these checks before performing system verification.

System Verification What the system verification does.

How to perform the verification test.

How to interpret the results.

page 3-7

page 3-10

page 3-12

page 3-21

Performance Tests

A brief summary of each performance test:

page 3-31

— Source Maximum Power Output Test

— Source Power Linearity Test

— Frequency Accuracy Test

— Trace Noise Test

— Receiver Compression Test

— Noise Floor Test

— Calibration Coefficients Test

— Dynamic Accuracy Test

3-2 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Tests and Adjustments Information in This Chapter

Section Title Summary of Content Start Page

Adjustments

Setups and procedures for adjusting your analyzer:

— 10 MHz Frequency Reference Adjustment

— Synthesizer Bandwidth Adjustment

— Source Adjustment

— IF Gain Adjustment

— Receiver Characterization

— Receiver Adjustment

— EE Default Adjustment

— IF Response Adjustment (Option 090, 093, or 094 Only)

a. These performance tests are included in the analyzer’s firmware for Options 897 and 898. b. These adjustments are included in the analyzer’s firmware on all models and options.

page 3-41

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 3-3

Tests and Adjustments Before You Begin

Before You Begin

Before checking, verifying, or adjusting the analyzer, refer to the following paragraphs to:

— make sure the operating environment is within its requirements

— make sure that proper electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection is provided

— make sure the analyzer has warmed up properly to achieve system stability

— review the principles of connector care

Keysight personnel: see Figure 1-1 on page 1-6 to review where the calibration stickers should be placed on the PNA.

Verify the Operating Environment

Due to their operating specifications, the verification and calibration kit devices determine your operating environment conditions. Open the calibration and verification kits and place all the devices on top of the foam inserts so they will reach room temperature. As the device dimensions change with temperature, their electrical characteristics change as well.

It is necessary to keep the environmental levels within the following limits:

— Temperature: +23 °C ± 3 °C (Error-corrected temperature range)

Once the measurement calibration has been done, the ambient temperature must be maintained to within ± 1 °C of the calibration temperature.

— Humidity: 0% to 95% at 40 °C maximum, non-condensing — Altitude: 0 to 4,600 meters (≈15,000 feet.)

Protect Against Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)

This is important. If not properly protected against, electrostatic discharge can seriously damage your analyzer, resulting in costly repair.

To reduce the chance of electrostatic discharge, follow all of the recommendations outlined in “Electrostatic Discharge Protection” on

page 1-7, for all of the procedures in this chapter.

3-4 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Tests and Adjustments Before You Begin

Allow the Analyzer to Warm Up

To achieve the maximum system stability, allow the analyzer to warm up for at least 90 minutes.

Review the Principles of Connector Care

Proper connector care and connection techniques are critical for accurate and repeatable measurements. Refer to Table 3-1 for tips on connector care.

Prior to making connections to your analyzer, carefully review the information about inspecting, cleaning, and gaging connectors. Refer to the calibration kit documentation for detailed connector care information.

For course numbers about additional connector care instruction, contact Keysight Technologies. Refer to “Contacting Keysight” on page 2-7.

Table 3-1 Connector Care Quick Reference Guide

Handling and Storage

Do — Keep connectors clean Do Not — Touch mating-plane surfaces

— Extend sleeve or connector nut — Set connectors contact-end down

— Use plastic end-caps during storage — Store connectors or adapters loose

Visual Inspection

Do — Inspect all connectors carefully Do Not — Use a damaged connector - ever

— Look for metal particles, scratches, and

dents

Connector Cleaning

Do — Try compressed air first Do Not — Use any abrasives

— Use isopropyl alcohol

— Clean connector threads

Do — Clean and zero the gage before use Do Not — Use an out-of-specification

— Use the correct gage type

— Use correct end of calibration block

Gaging Connectors

• Get liquid into plastic support beads

connector

— Gage all connectors before first use

Making Connections

Do — Align connectors carefully Do Not — Apply bending force to connection

— Make preliminary connection contact

lightly

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 3-5

— Over tighten preliminary connection

Tests and Adjustments Before You Begin

Table 3-1 Connector Care Quick Reference Guide

— Turn only the connector nut — Twist or screw any connection

— Use a torque wrench for final

connection

a. Cleaning connectors with alcohol shall only be done with the instrument’s power cord removed, and in a well-ventilated

area. Allow all residual alcohol moisture to evaporate, and the fumes to dissipate prior to energizing the instrument.

— Tighten past torque wrench “break”

point

3-6 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Tests and Adjustments About System Verification and Performance Tests

About System Verification and Performance Tests

The performance of the network analyzer is specified in two ways: system specifications, and instrument specifications. It is the end user’s responsibility to determine which set of specifications is applicable to their use of the PNA.

A network analyzer measurement “system” includes the analyzer, calibration kit, test cables, and any necessary adapters. The system verification software in the PNA is used to verify the system’s conformance to the “system” specifications. A “pass” result demonstrates that the analyzer, test cables, and adapters, perform correctly as a system. It DOES NOT demonstrate that any one component performs according to its individual specifications. A change to any part of this measurement system requires a re-verification of the system.

Instrument specifications specify the network analyzer’s uncorrected measurement port characteristics and its output and input behavior. The PNA performance tests are used to verify the analyzer’s conformance to “instrument” specifications.

System Specifications

System specifications specify warranted performance of the measurement system when making error-corrected measurements using the same calibration kit and test cables used during the system verification routine. System specifications are applicable only when the measurement system is used to make error-corrected measurements.

The analyzer's system specifications are described in the Data Sheet and Technical Specifications documents, available online at:

http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/N5221-90002.pdf and http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/N5221-90001.pdf.

System specifications are expressed in two ways:

— residual errors of the measurement system shown as tabular specification

values

— graphs of measurement uncertainty versus reflection and transmission

coefficients

System specifications are verified in one of the following ways:

— Complete the system verification procedure using a certified verification kit

and certified calibration kit that will be used for future measurements, or

— Complete all of the performance tests using a certified calibration kit that

will be used for future measurements. This alternative verifies both the system specifications and the instrument specifications for the analyzer.

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 3-7

Tests and Adjustments About System Verification and Performance Tests

Instrument Specifications

The analyzer's instrument specifications are described in the Data Sheet and

Technical Specifications documents, available online at:

http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/N5221-90002.pdf and http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/N5221-90001.pdf.

These specifications apply when the analyzer is used to make either raw or error-corrected measurements.

System Verification Procedure

The system verification procedure tests the network analyzer measurement “system”, as defined previously, against the system specifications. If confirmation is successful, the measurement system is capable of making measurements to the accuracy specified by the graphs of measurement uncertainty.

The procedure consists of calibrating the analyzer with a calibration kit, measuring a set of characterized devices, and comparing the resultant measured data to the data and uncertainty limits supplied with the verification kit. The device data provided with the verification kit has a traceable path to NIST. The total measurement uncertainty limits for the performance verification are the sum of the factory measurement uncertainties and the uncertainties associated with measuring the same devices on the system being verified. The difference between the factory-measured data and the verification-measured data must fall within the total uncertainty limits at all frequencies for the total system uncertainty test to pass.

Calibration kits are different from verification kits. Calibration kits are used to determine the systematic errors of a network analyzer measurement system. Verification kits are used to confirm system specifications and are not used to generate error correction.

Performance Tests

Performance tests are used to confirm analyzer performance against the “instrument” specifications. If confirmation is successful, the analyzer meets the instrument specifications.

Performance tests are contained in the analyzer’s firmware with Options 897 or 898 and are described at “Performance Tests” on page 3-31.

An illustrated outline of the performance verification procedure:

— for ANSI/NCSL Z540.3-2006 and ISO/IEC 17025 verification, is shown in

Figure 3-1 on page 3-10.

— for non-standards verification, is shown in Figure 3-2 on page 3-11.

3-8 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Tests and Adjustments About System Verification and Performance Tests

Certificate of Calibration

Keysight Technologies will issue a certificate of calibration upon successful completion of system verification or completion of the performance tests. The certificate of calibration will apply to the “system” (analyzer, calibration kit, test cables, and any necessary adapters) if the system verification procedure is used to confirm the system specifications. If the performance tests are used to confirm instrument specifications, the certificate of calibration will apply to the PNA as an independent instrument. The equipment and measurement standards used for the tests must be certified and must be traceable to recognized standards.

If you have a measurement application that does not use all of the measurement capabilities of the analyzer, you may ask your local Keysight Technologies service office to verify only a subset of the specifications. However, this “limited calibration” creates the possibility of making inaccurate measurements if you then use the analyzer in an application requiring additional capabilities.

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 3-9

Tests and Adjustments ANSI/NCSL Z540.3–2006 and ISO/IEC 17025 Verification

ANSI/NCSL Z540.3–2006 and ISO/IEC 17025 Verification

To meet the criteria for ANSI/NCSL Z540.3–2006 and ISO/IEC 17025 verification, perform the preliminary checks and all performance tests without

stopping to repair or adjust

completion of all the tests, even if you are aware that the analyzer did not pass. If there is a failure, complete the verification before you troubleshoot, repair, and adjust. After the failure has been corrected, repeat the entire set of performance tests and generate a new set of data.

Figure 3-1 ANSI/NCSL Z5240.3–2006 and ISO/IEC 17025 Verification Flowchart

. Refer to Figure 3-1 for test flow. Print data at the

1. Stop only in case of a catastrophic failure or cable connector damage

3-10 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Tests and Adjustments Non-Standards Compliant Verification

Non-Standards Compliant Verification

To meet the criteria for non-standards compliant verification, perform the preliminary checks and the performance tests while stopping to troubleshoot. Refer to Figure 3-2 for test flow. Troubleshoot and repair the first problem encountered without continuing to other tests. After you troubleshoot, repair, and adjust, repeat the last failed portion and generate a new set of data.

Figure 3-2 Non–Standards Compliant Verification Flowchart

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 3-11

System

Service

Operator’s Check

Tests and Adjustments Preliminary Checks

Preliminary Checks

Preliminary checks include the following:

— “The Operator’s Check” on page 3-12

The operator’s check tests the network analyzer’s basic functionality of the source, switch, and receivers.

— “The Test Port Cable Checks” on page 3-14

The test port cable checks are not required, but are recommended to verify the performance of the test port cables before performing the verification test.

The Operator’s Check

To achieve the maximum system stability, allow the analyzer to warm up for at least 90 minutes before performing the Operator’s Check.

The operator’s check is a software driven test that checks the basic operation of the assemblies in all of the measurement port signal paths. By performing the operator’s check, the following are determined:

— attenuation ranges of all installed attenuators

— calibration of the receivers

— frequency response of the receivers

—phase lock and leveling

—noise floor and trace noise

Accessories Used in the Operator’s Check

Equipment Type Part Number

Female short, 3.5 mm (any short from the 85052B calibration kit)

Female open, 3.5 mm (any open from the 85052B calibration kit)

Performing the Operator’s Check

1. Press UTILITY , then , then .

2. In the PNA Operator’s Check dialog box (refer to Figure 3-3), under

Configure, select either Prompt for attachment of Short/Open, to pause at each step in the process to allow moving the short/open to the appropriate port, or Shorts/Opens are attached to ALL ports, to run through the test without stopping. Shorts and opens can be mixed on the test ports.

3. Click Begin.

3-12 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Tests and Adjustments Preliminary Checks

4. If shorts and opens are not connected to all ports, you will be prompted to connect them as they are needed.

5. The result of the operator’s check will be shown as a PASS or FAIL next to each test (refer to Figure 3-3). The PNA Operator’s Check dialog box will look different for different PNA model numbers and installed options. Some of the tests are performed only if the appropriate options are installed in the PNA.

Figure 3-3 Operator’s Check Dialog Box

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 3-13

Preset

Tests and Adjustments Preliminary Checks

If the Operator’s Check Fails

1. Clean the test ports, shorts, and adapters. Torque to specification. Repeat the check.

2. If the check still fails, suspect a faulty component. Refer to “Measurement

System Troubleshooting” on page 4-28 to begin troubleshooting to

determine the faulty component.

The Test Port Cable Checks

A faulty test port cable can cause a failure in the verification test. The following checks are not required, but are recommended to verify the performance of the test port cable.

— “Cable Return Loss Check” on page 3-14

— “Cable Insertion Loss Check” on page 3-15

— “Cable Magnitude and Phase Stability Check” on page 3-17

— “Cable Connector Repeatability Check” on page 3-19

Accessories Used in the Test Port Cable Checks

Equipment Type Model or

Part Number

Calibration kit, 3.5 mm 85052B 85052D

Test cable, 3.5 mm (f) to 3.5 mm (f) 85131C 85131E

Alternate Model or Part Number

Cable Return Loss Check

3. Press UTILITY .

4. Perform a one-port calibration on Port 1, 1-Port Reflection. Refer to the

embedded help in the analyzer if necessary.

5. Connect the test port cable to Port 1. Connect a broadband load to the other end of the cable. Tighten to the specified torque for the connector type.

The analyzer now displays the return loss of the cable.

6. Press MARKER/ANALYSIS , then . In the Marker Search dialog box, in the Search Type box, make sure Maximum is selected. Click

Execute, and then click OK.

7. The marker annotation on the screen indicates the worst case return loss. Refer to the cable manual to see if it meets the return loss specification. For an example of a typical return loss measurement, see Figure 3-4.

3-14 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Tests and Adjustments

Preset

Sweep

Number of Points

Avg

IF Bandwidth

Power

Preliminary Checks

Figure 3-4 Typical Cable Return Loss Response

If the Cable Return Loss Check Fails

1. Clean the cable and devices and torque to specification. Repeat the check.

2. If the check still fails, the cable should be repaired or replaced.

Cable Insertion Loss Check

The method below runs on the PNA environment using a mechanical Cal kit. An appropriate ECal could be used as well to replace the mechanical Cal kit if desired.

1. Press UTILITY .

2. Press STIMULUS , then , and set to 801.

3. Press RESPONSE , then , and set the IF

Bandwidth to 30 Hz.

4. Press STIMULUS and set the power level to -17 dBm.

5. Perform a 1-port calibration on the PNA Port 1 using SmartCal (Guided

Calibration). Follow the calibration wizard instructions. After calibration, the PNA prompts you to save the cal set as a user Calset. Save the cal set data as CalSet_1.cst.

6. Connect the test port cable to the PNA Port 1 and perform a 1-port calibration again at the end of the cable. After calibration, save the cal set data as CalSet_2.cst.

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 3-15

Macro

Adapter Char

Recall

Tests and Adjustments Preliminary Checks

7. Press UTILITY , then . Select Calset 1 and Calset 2 as shown below in Figure 3-5.

Figure 3-5 Adapter Characterize Dialog Box

8. Click the Characterize And Save button in the lower-left corner of the

dialog box. Save the cable S2P file.

9. Retrieve the saved cable S2P to plot out the insertion loss trace. S2P data

also can be viewed directly on the PNA by pressing UTILITY . Refer to the analyzer’s embedded Help section “Save and Recall a File” if

necessary.

10.Refer to the cable manual to see if it meets the insertion loss specification. For an example of a typical insertion loss measurement, see Figure 3-6.

3-16 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Tests and Adjustments

Preset

Traces

New Trace...

Format

Phase

Enter

Avg

Average ON/off

Average on/OFF

Enter

Preliminary Checks

Figure 3-6 Typical Cable Insertion Loss Response

If the Cable Insertion Loss Check Fails

1. Clean the cable and devices and torque to specification. Repeat the check.

2. If the check still fails, the cable should be repaired or replaced.

Cable Magnitude and Phase Stability Check

1. With the test port cable still connected to Port 1, connect a short to the other end of the cable.

2. Press UTILITY .

3. Press TRACE/CHANNEL , then . In the New Trace

dialog box, click the S11 box, and then click OK.

4. Press RESPONSE , then , then ENTRY .

5. Press RESPONSE . Verify that is ON. If not, press

the softkey to toggle it ON.

The Averaging Factor box will appear directly above the display. In the Averaging Factor box, type 50 or click the arrows to select 50, and then

press ENTRY .

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 3-17

Avg

Averaging Restart

Memory

Data Trace

Data Math

Data/Memory

Enter

Scale

Tests and Adjustments Preliminary Checks

6. To provide a good reference, hold the test cable in a straight line perpendicular to the front panel of the network analyzer.

7. Press RESPONSE , then .

8. Wait for the analyzer to average the measurement 50 times (approximately

two seconds).

9. To normalize the data trace: press MARKER/ANALYSIS , then

, t h e n , t h e n , t h e n E N T R Y .

10.Slowly make a 180 degree bend in the middle of the cable and hold it in that position.

11.For each trace: press RESPONSE , then .

The Scale Per Division box will appear directly above the display. Set the Scale Per Division for optimum viewing as shown in Figure 3-7.

12.Place a marker on the largest deflection that goes above the reference line and is within the cable’s specified frequency range. For a typical response of cable magnitude and phase stability, see Figure 3-7.

13.Place a marker on the largest deflection that goes below the reference line and is within the cable’s specified frequency range.

In this S

measurement, the displayed trace results from energy being

propagated down the cable and reflected back from the short. Therefore, the measured deflection value must be divided in half to reach the correct value.

Figure 3-7 Typical Cable Magnitude and Phase Stability Response

3-18 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Tests and Adjustments

Preset

Avg

Average ON/off

Average on/OFF

Enter

Memory

Data Trace

Data Math

Data/Memory

Enter

Scale

Enter

Reference Level

Enter

Avg

Averaging Restart

Preliminary Checks

If the Cable Magnitude and Phase Stability Check Fails

1. Clean the cable and devices and torque to specification. Repeat the check.

2. If the check still fails, the cable should be repaired or replaced.

Cable Connector Repeatability Check

The connector repeatability measurement should be done at the test port as well as at the end of the test port cable.

1. With the test port cable still connected to Port 1, connect a broadband load to the other end of the cable.

2. Press UTILITY .

3. Press RESPONSE . Verify that is ON. If not, press

the softkey to toggle it ON.

The Averaging Factor box will appear directly above the display. In the Averaging Factor box, type 100 or click the arrows to select 100, and then

press ENTRY .

4. Wait for the analyzer to average the measurement 100 times (approximately five seconds).

5. To normalize the data trace: press MARKER/ANALYSIS , then

, t h e n , t h e n , t h e n E N T R Y .

6. To adjust the display scale:

a. Press RESPONSE , then .

The Scale Per Division box will appear directly above the display.

Set the Scale Per Division for 0.5 dB. Press ENTRY .

b. Press .

The Reference Level box will appear directly above the display. Set

the Reference Level for 0 dB. Press ENTRY .

7. Disconnect and then reconnect the cable to the test port. Tighten the connection to the specified torque for the connector type.

8. Press RESPONSE , then .

9. Look at the trace for spikes or modes.

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 3-19

Memory

Data->Memory

Enter

Tests and Adjustments Preliminary Checks

10.To re-normalize the data trace of the reconnected cable: press

MARKER/ANALYSIS , then , then ENTRY

11.Repeat steps 7 through 9 at least three times to look for modes. Modes appear when a harmonic of the source fundamental frequency is able to propagate through the cable or connector. It is helpful to print a plot of the trace each time to compare several connections. If any mode appears each time the cable is connected and reconnected, measurement integrity will be affected.

For a typical response of cable connector repeatability, see Figure 3-8.

12.For the Port 2, 3, and 4 Check, connect the cable (with the load attached) to the respective port and repeat steps 2 through 11.

Figure 3-8 Typical Cable Connector Repeatability Response

If the Cable Connector Repeatability Check Fails

1. Clean the cable and devices, and torque to specification. Repeat the check.

2. If the check still fails, the cable should be repaired or replaced.

3-20 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Tests and Adjustments System Verification

System Verification

System verification is used to verify system-level, error-corrected uncertainty limits for network analyzer measurements. The verification procedure is automated and is contained in the firmware of the analyzer.

The device data provided with the verification kit has a traceable path to a national standard. The difference between the supplied traceable data and the measured data must fall within the total uncertainty limits at all frequencies for the system verification to pass.

The total measurement uncertainty limits for the system verification are the sum of the factory measurement uncertainties for the verification devices and the uncertainties associated with the system being verified. You can determine your system measurement uncertainty limits by referring to the analyzer embedded on-line help.

Passing this system verification does not guarantee that the analyzer meets all of its performance specifications. However, it does show that the network analyzer being verified measures the same devices with the same results as a factory system which has had all of its specifications verified and its total measurement uncertainty minimized.

What the System Verification Verifies

The system verification procedure verifies proper operation of the:

—network analyzer

—calibration kit

— test port cables

together as a “system”. It DOES NOT verify that any of these components pass their specifications independently. The user is responsible for independently calibrating and verifying the proper operation of the calibration kit and test port cables prior to performing the system verification.

Additional equipment or accessories used with the above system are not verified by system verification.

Measurement Uncertainty

Measurement uncertainty is defined as the sum of:

— the residual systematic (repeatable) errors, and

— the random (non-repeatable) errors

in the measurement system after calibration.

The systematic errors are:

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 3-21

Tests and Adjustments System Verification

—directivity,

—source match,

—load match,

— reflection and transmission frequency tracking, and

— isolation (crosstalk).

The random errors include:

—noise,

—drift,

— connector repeatability, and

— test cable stability.

A complete description of system errors and how they affect measurements is provided in the analyzer’s on-line embedded help.

Any measurement result is the vector sum of the actual test device response plus all error terms. The precise effect of each error term depends on its magnitude and phase relationship to the actual test device response. When the phase of an error response is not known, phase is assumed to be worst-case (−180° to +180°). Random errors such as noise and connector repeatability are generally combined in a root-sum-of-the-squares (RSS) manner.

Measurement Traceability

To establish a measurement traceability path to a national standard for a network analyzer system, the overall system performance is verified through the measurement of devices that have a traceable path. This is accomplished by measuring the devices in a Keysight verification kit.

The measurement of the devices in the verification kit has a traceable path because the factory system that measured the devices is calibrated and verified by measuring standards that have a traceable path to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (see Figure 3-9). This chain of measurements defines how the verification process brings traceability to the network analyzer system.

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Tests and Adjustments System Verification

Figure 3-9 NIST Traceability Path for Calibration and Verification Standard

Performing System Verification

The following verification procedure is automated by the analyzer firmware. The process for the verification is:

— connect cables to the analyzer test ports

— perform a calibration or recall a recent calibration

— run the system verification program for the verification devices

Each time through the verification process, you are prompted to make necessary connections and perform or recall a calibration as part of performing the verification. If you select to perform a calibration, you are guided through the calibration procedure. This part of the process can be eliminated if you

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 3-23

Tests and Adjustments System Verification

choose to load an existing recent calibration. If necessary, refer to the analyzer’s on-line embedded help for information on storing and recalling calibrations.

For each verification device, the analyzer reads a file from the verification disk and sequentially measures the magnitude and phase for all four S-parameters.

For system verification to perform correctly, it is NECESSARY that the verification devices be measured with their female connectors connected to the analyzer’s test ports.

Although the performance for all S-parameters are measured, the S S

phase uncertainties for the attenuators and airlines are less important

for verifying system performance. Therefore, the limit lines will not appear on the printout.

Equipment Used in the System Verification Procedure

Equipment Type

Calibration kit 85052B, C, D

Verification kit 85053B 85055A

Cables Single cable: 85131C/E

Adapters None required. With single cable: an 85130C adapter and a 7mm to Type-N

3.5 mm Ty pe-N

85054B/D

N4691A E-cal

Cable pair: 85131D/F

N4690A E-cal

Single cable: 85132C/E (3.5 mm NMD to 7 mm) Cable pair: 85132D/F (3.5 mm NMD to 7 mm)

adapter from the 85054B calibration kit. With cable pair: Two 7mm to Type-N adapters from the 85054B calibration kit.

Cable Substitution

and

The test port cables specified for the network analyzer system have been characterized for connector repeatability, magnitude and phase stability with flexing, return loss, insertion loss, and aging rate. Since test port cable performance is a significant contributor to the system performance, cables of lower performance will increase the uncertainty of your measurement. Refer to the plots in the cable tests (earlier in this chapter) that show the performance of good cables. It is highly recommended that the test port cables be regularly tested.

If the system verification is performed with a non-Keysight cable, ensure that the cable meets or exceeds the specifications for the test cable specified in the previous table, “Equipment Used in the System Verification Procedure.” Refer to the cable’s user’s guide for specifications.

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Tests and Adjustments

System

Service

System Verification

Keysight

System Verification

Kit Substitution

Non-Keysight calibration kits and verification kits are not recommended nor supported.

System Verification Procedure

1. If you desire printed test outputs, connect a printer to the analyzer. For the printer, ensure that the correct driver is loaded and the printer is defined as the default printer. Refer to the embedded help in the analyzer for printer setup. Let the analyzer warm up for at least 90 minutes.

2. Insert the verification kit disk into the analyzer disk drive.

3. Press UTILITY , then , then . The

System Verification dialog box is displayed; refer to Figure 3-10.

Figure 3-10 System Verification Dialog Box

4. In the Calibration Kit box, select the calibration kit or electronic calibration

module (ECal) that is being used by clicking on it. The corresponding verification kit to use is selected for you and displayed in the Verification Kit box. Refer to Figure 3-10.

5. Under Printer Output, click one of the following options. Refer to Figure

3-10.

— Print Tabular Data: Prints the verification data in tabular form which

includes measured data and uncertainty limits. For an example, refer to Figure 3-12 on page 3-28.

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Tests and Adjustments System Verification

— Print Graphs: Prints the verification data in graphical form. The

graphical form includes the measured data trace, factory supplied data trace, and uncertainty limits. For an example, refer to Figure

3-13 on page 3-30.

— File Tabular Data: Writes the tabular data to a text file in the

Windows XP directory C:\Program Files\Keysight\Network Analyzer\Documents\ or in the Windows 7 directory C:\Users\Public\Public Documents\Network Analyzer\SysVer\.

— File Graphs: Saves a screen image in PNG format in the Windows XP

directory C:\Program Files\Keysight\Network Analyzer\Documents\ or in the Windows 7 directory C:\Users\Public\Public Documents\Network Analyzer\SysVer\.

For printed output, it is assumed that the printer has been tested and the Windows driver is installed for the printer that is being used. The system verification test prints to the printer that has been designated as the default printer. (On the Windows Desktop display, click on My Computer, Control Panel, and then Printers to verify the printer setup.)

To modify the number of ports to be verified or to change the number of devices to measure, click on the Configure tab and make the desired selections.

6. Click Run.

7. Follow the instructions on the analyzer for performing a full calibration or

recalling an existing recent calibration.

8. Follow the instructions on the analyzer for performing the system verification; inserting the verification devices as prompted.

If the System Fails the Verification Test

Inspect all connections. Do not remove the cable from the analyzer test port. This will invalidate the calibration that you performed earlier

1. Disconnect and clean the device that failed the verification test.

2. Reconnect the device making sure that all connections are torqued to the

proper specifications.

3. Measure the device again.

4. If the analyzer still fails the test, check the measurement calibration by

viewing the error terms as described in “Accessing Error Terms” on

page 8-6.

5. Refer to Figure 3-11 for additional troubleshooting steps.

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Tests and Adjustments System Verification

Figure 3-11 System Verification Failure Flowchart

Interpreting the Verification Results

Figure 3-12 shows an example of typical verification results with Print Tabular

Data selected in the Printer Output area of the System Verification dialog box.

At the top of the printed output is the name of the device, the serial number of the device, and the date tested.

Each S-parameter measurement result is printed with frequency tested, lower and upper limit lines, the measured data, and the result of the test.

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 3-27

Tests and Adjustments System Verification

Figure 3-12 Example of Printed Tabular Verification Results

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Tests and Adjustments System Verification

Figure 3-13 shows an example of typical verification results with Print Graphs

selected in the Printer Output area of the System Verification dialog box. The printed graphical results show the following:

— the name of the device measured

— the serial number of the device

— the parameters measured

— Results of the measurements. Labeled as A in Figure 3-13.

— Data measured at the factory from the verification kit. Labeled as B in Figure

3-13.

— Upper and lower limit points as defined by the total system uncertainty

system. Labeled as C in Figure 3-13.

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Tests and Adjustments System Verification

Figure 3-13 Example of Printed Graphical Verification Results

3-30 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Tests and Adjustments Performance Tests

Performance Tests

The performance tests verify the electrical performance of your PNA. These performance tests are included in the analyzer’s firmware with Option 897 and Option 898. Your analyzer is automatically configured for each individual test.

The model numbers of the equipment used by these performance tests are specified under “Required Service Test Equipment” on page 2-4.

There are nine tests in the Option 897 or 898 performance test package:

— Source Power Accuracy Test

— Source Maximum Power Output Test

— Source Power Linearity Test

— Frequency Accuracy Test

— Trace Noise Test

— Receiver Compression Test

— Noise Floor Test

— Calibration Coefficients Test

— Dynamic Accuracy Test

Source Power Accuracy Test

Function of the Test: To confirm the accuracy of the source output power of your network analyzer over its full frequency range.

Specification Tested: Test Port Output–Power Level Accuracy

Equipment Used:

—Power meter

— Power sensors

—Any necessary adapters

Description of the Test:

1. The analyzer is Preset.

2. The analyzer is set up for a CW reflection measurement on the test port to

be measured.

3. A power sensor is connected to the test port, using any necessary adapters.

4. The analyzer frequency is set to the desired value.

5. The power meter correction table is set to the same frequency.

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Tests and Adjustments Performance Tests

6. The output power is measured, and the value is compared to the Preset setting.

7. This process is repeated at hundreds of frequencies across the analyzer’s full range. The difference between the measured power and the output setting must fall within the specified accuracy range at all points for the test to pass.

If the Analyzer Fails this Test:

— Perform the “Source Adjustment” on page 3-42 and repeat this test.

— If the analyzer still fails this test, troubleshoot the source section of the

analyzer and then repeat this test. Refer to “Checking the Source Group” on

page 4-34.

Source Maximum Power Output Test

Function of the Test: To confirm the maximum source output power of your network analyzer over its full frequency range.

Specification Tested: Test Port Output–Maximum Leveled Power

Equipment Used:

—Power meter

— Power sensors

—Any necessary adapters

Description of the Test:

1. The analyzer is Preset.

2. The analyzer is set up for a CW reflection measurement on the test port to

be measured.

3. A power sensor is connected to the test port, using any necessary adapters.

4. The analyzer frequency is set to the desired value.

5. The power meter correction table is set to the same frequency.

6. The analyzer’s output power is increased until a “Source Unleveled” error

is detected. The output power is then decreased in increments of 0.01 dB until the error goes away. if the output power reaches +18 dBm without any error, the power is left at this level.

7. The power level at this point is measured and compared to the maximum output power specification.

8. This process is repeated at hundreds of frequencies across the analyzer’s full range in every specified path configuration.

If the Analyzer Fails this Test:

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Tests and Adjustments Performance Tests

Troubleshoot the source section of the analyzer and then repeat this test. Refer to “Checking the Source Group” on page 4-34.

Source Power Linearity Test

Function of the Test: To verify that the power level is linear over the analyzer’s frequency range and to check the linearity of the automatic leveling control (ALC).

Specification Tested: Power Sweep Range and Power Level Linearity

Equipment Used:

—Test cable

— 20 dB attenuator if the analyzer does not have an internal step attenuator

Description of the Test:

Ports 1 and 2 are tested as a pair. The Port 2 receiver is used to test the linearity of the source power out of Port 1, and vice versa. Ports 3 and 4 are similarly tested as a pair on 4-Port analyzers. The receiver linearity is the standard against which the source linearity is checked.

1. The analyzer is Preset.

2. The analyzer is set up for a CW transmission measurement on the test port

pair to be measured.

3. A test cable is connected between the port pair to be tested with 20 dB of attenuation in series with the cable. This is done with an internal source step attenuator or an external 20 dB attenuator. This attenuation ensures that the receiver remains in its linear range.

4. The receiver measurement is normalized at this Preset power level.

5. The source setting is then stepped from the minimum to the maximum

ALC power setting range in 1 dB steps, and the receiver power is measured at each setting.

6. The non-linearity in dB at each frequency point is calculated as the difference between the change in the source power setting away from Preset and the change in the receiver power reading.

7. This power linearity measurement is repeated at several CW frequencies across the full frequency range of the analyzer.

If the Analyzer Fails this Test:

— Perform the “Source Adjustment” on page 3-42 and repeat this test.

— If the analyzer still fails this test, troubleshoot the source section of the

analyzer and then repeat this test. Refer to “Checking the Source Group” on

page 4-34.

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Tests and Adjustments Performance Tests

Frequency Accuracy Test

Function of the Test: To verify the frequency accuracy and range of the analyzer’s source output.

Specification Tested: Test Port Output–CW Accuracy

Equipment Used:

— Frequency counter

—Test cable

—Adapters

Description of the Test:

This test is performed over the full frequency range of the source synthesizer board, not the full frequency range of the analyzer. To generate the higher frequencies, the analyzer passes the synthesizer signal through a series of frequency doublers. These doublers exactly double the source frequency, so the deviation from a perfectly accurate frequency is exactly doubled. The frequency accuracy is specified as the ratio parts per million (ppm), so this ratio is unaffected by the signal doubling. Therefore, only the frequency accuracy of the synthesizer board needs to be tested.

1. The analyzer is Preset.

2. The analyzer is set up for a CW measurement on Port 1.

3. A test cable is connected between Port 1 and a frequency counter with

any necessary adapters.

4. The signal frequency is measured and compared with the analyzer source frequency setting. The difference must be less than the source frequency divided by 16 for a 1 part per million (ppm) specification.

5. This test is repeated at several frequencies across the range of the source synthesizer board.

If the Analyzer Fails this Test:

— Verify the accuracy of the 10 MHz OCXO by using a frequency counter to

measure the rear-panel 10 MHz REF OUT. If the 10 MHz reference is off by more than 10 Hz, perform the “10 MHz Frequency Reference Adjustment”

on page 3-41 and then repeat this test.

Trace Noise Test

Function of the Test: To measure the stability of a signal in the internal source and receiver system of your analyzer.

Specification Tested: Test Port Input–Trace Noise Magnitude and Trace Noise Phase

Equipment Used: A test cable.

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Tests and Adjustments Performance Tests

Description of the Test:

Trace Noise is a calculation of the standard deviation of a 201 point CW measurement. In a healthy analyzer, this measurement is only affected by the sampling error of the analog to digital converters on the SPAM board.

Ports 1 and 2 are tested as a pair using S21 and S12 measurements. Ports 3 and 4 are similarly tested as a pair on 4-port analyzers using S43 and S34 measurements.

1. The analyzer is Preset.

2. The analyzer is set up for a 201 point CW transmission measurement for

the port pair to be tested with the specified IF bandwidth (typically 1 kHz). Both a magnitude and a phase trace are displayed.

3. A test cable is connected between the port pair to be tested.

4. The analyzer is set to a series of CW frequencies across its full frequency

range. The analyzer’s trace statistics function is used to calculate the standard deviation of both the magnitude trace and the phase trace.

5. These standard deviation values are reported as the analyzer’s trace noise and are compared with the Trace Noise magnitude and phase specifications.

If the Analyzer Fails this Test:

A failure of this test indicates a fault in the receiver’s IF chain between the mixer and the A12 SPAM board. This can indicate a faulty assembly or a loose cable.

— Check for proper torquing of all semi-rigid cables in the receiver chain, and

then repeat this test.

— If the analyzer still fails this test, replace the A12 SPAM board and repeat

this test. Most failures are due to this board. Refer to “Removing and

Replacing the A4–A13 Boards” on page 7-15.

— If the analyzer still fails this test, replace the mixer module for the failing

receiver, and then repeat this test.

Receiver Compression Test

Function of the Test: To measure the compression at the analyzer’s specified maximum power level for the receivers.

Specification Tested: Test Port Input–Maximum Test Port Input Level

Equipment Used:

— U3070AK01 or Z5623A Option K01 Compression Test Set

—Power meter

— Power sensors

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Tests and Adjustments Performance Tests

—Two test cables

—Calibration kit

— 10-dB and 20-dB pads if the analyzer does not have an internal step

attenuator

Description of the Test:

For most analyzer models, the receiver compression level is higher than the maximum source output power. Therefore, an external amplifier is required. This test also requires that two attenuators be switched in and out of the RF path. These requirements are met with the use of the Compression Test Set. The procedure outlined here is for those models which require the test set.

1. The analyzer is Preset. The two test set output attenuators are set to 0 dB.

2. The analyzer is set up for a 201 point CW transmission measurement for

the port pair to be tested with the specified IF bandwidth (typically 1 kHz).

3. A test cable is connected between the analyzer source port and the test set input port. A test cable is connected to the test set output port.

4. A power sensor is connected to the end of the test cable.

5. For a series of CW frequencies across the analyzer’s full frequency range,

the source output level is adjusted to achieve the specified receiver compression power level (typically the receiver’s maximum input power level).

6. The power sensor is disconnected from the test cable and the cable is connected to the port to be tested.

7. The analyzer steps through each CW frequency as the absolute log magnitude value (dBm) and the relative phase for the receiver under test is read (Pa).

8. The first test set output attenuator is set to 20 dB.

9. The magnitude and phase measurements using the receiver under test are

read: (Pb).

10.The second test set output attenuator is set to 20 dB.

11.The magnitude and phase measurements using the receiver under test are

read: (Pc).

12.The first test set output attenuator is set to 0 dB.

13.The magnitude and phase measurements using the receiver under test are

read: (Pd).

14.The compression for each point is calculated as (Pa–Pb) – (Pd–Pc).

If the Analyzer Fails this Test:

— Run the Receiver Characterization adjustment, and repeat this test.

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— If the analyzer still fails this test, replace the A23 mixer brick for a Port 1 or

Port 2 failure or the A24 mixer brick for a Port 3 or Port 4 failure, then repeat this test. Refer to “Removing and Replacing the A23 and A24 Mixer Bricks”

on page 7-37.

Noise Floor Test

Functi on of the Te st: To measure the absolute power level of the noise floor for the analyzer’s receivers.

Specification Tested: Test Port Input–Test Port Noise Floor

Equipment Used:

—Power meter

— Power sensors

—Test cable

—Calibration kit

Description of the Test:

This test uses the source signal out of one analyzer test port as part of the noise floor measurement on another test port. Port 2 is the source port when measuring the noise floor of Port 1. Port 1 is the source port when measuring the noise floor of Ports 2, 3, and 4.

1. The analyzer is Preset.

2. The analyzer is set up for a CW transmission measurement between the

source port and the test port to be measured. The analyzer is set to an IF bandwidth of 1 kHz and 801 points per sweep.

3. A test cable is connected to the source port.

4. A power sensor is connected to the end of the test cable with any

necessary adapters.

5. For hundreds of frequencies across the analyzer’s full range, a source power calibration is performed to ensure a flat power response at the end of the cable at the Preset power level.

6. The power sensor is disconnected and the cable is connected to the port to be tested.

7. A CW linear measurement sweep is measured for each test point. The receiver reference power level, Pref, in dBm is calculated for each point from the mean of each sweep.

8. The test cable is removed and loads are connected to both ports.

9. A CW linear measurement sweep is measured for each test point. The

receiver test power level, Ptest, in dBm is calculated for each point from the mean of each sweep.

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Tests and Adjustments Performance Tests

10.The corrected noise floor in dBm is calculated for a 10 Hz IF bandwidth using: PNoiseFloor = Ptest – 19.96 dB – (Preset Power – Pref).

If the Analyzer Fails this Test:

— If the analyzer fails this test, replace the A23 mixer brick for a Port 1 or Port

2 failure or the A24 mixer brick for a Port 3 or Port 4 failure, then repeat this test. Refer to “Removing and Replacing the A23 and A24 Mixer Bricks” on

page 7-37.

— If the analyzer still fails this test, replace the A12 SPAM board and then

repeat this test. Refer to “Removing and Replacing the A4–A13 Boards” on

page 7-15.

Calibration Coefficients Test

Function of the Test: To verify the uncorrected calibration coefficients of your analyzer. The calibration coefficients are specified at the test port without any cables, so calibrations must be performed in both the forward and reverse directions to eliminate the effects of the test cable.

Specification Tested: Uncorrected System Performance

Equipment Used:

—Calibration kit

—Test cable

Description of the Test:

Two full SOLT 2-port calibrations are performed on each port pair. Ports 1 and 2 are tested as a pair. Ports 3 and 4 are tested as a pair on 4-port analyzers. Isolation is turned off during each calibration.

1. A test cable is connected to Port 1.

2. A calibration is performed between the end of the test cable and Port 2.

The Port 2 directivity and source match and the S21 load match are retrieved from the analyzer.

3. The test cable is moved to Port 2.

4. A calibration is performed between the end of the test cable and Port 1.

The Port 1directivity and source match and the S12 load match are retrieved from the analyzer.

5. On some older analyzer models, the reflection tracking and transmission tracking error terms were also specified. For those models, these error terms are also retrieved from the analyzer.

6. This process is repeated for Ports 3 and 4 on 4-port analyzers.

If the Analyzer Fails this Test:

— Failure of the directivity error term is often due to a faulty test port coupler.

Replace the coupler and repeat this test.

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— Failure of the source or load match error terms is due to faulty hardware

between the test port and the internal source. Refer to Chapter 7, “Repair

and Replacement Procedures.” for instructions on replacing the suspected

faulty component or assembly.

Dynamic Accuracy Test

This description applies to all N522xA, N5231A/32A/34A/35A/39A, and N5247A instruments.

Function of the Test: To measure the relative power linearity of the analyzer’s receivers.

Specification Tested: Test Port Input–Dynamic Accuracy

Equipment Used:

— U3020AD01 dynamic accuracy test set — Signal generator —Power meter — Power sensor —Two test cables

Description of the Test:

1. The analyzer’s test ports are tested separately at a specific CW frequency and a reference power level of -20 dBm.

2. A test cable is connected between the analyzer’s source port and the dynamic accuracy test set’s Source 1 In port. A test cable is connected between the signal generator and the test set’s Source 2 In port. A test cable is connected to the test set’s Receiver Out port, and the power sensor is connected to the end of this cable.

The test set’s output attenuator is set to 20 dB. With the signal generator RF turned off, the PNA source power is adjusted until the power sensor reads -20 dBm. The PNA source is then turned off, the signal generator RF is turned on, and the signal generator power is adjusted until the power sensor reads -20 dBm.

3. The power sensor is disconnected and the test cable is attached to the analyzer port under test.

4. Both sources are turned on and the signal generator’s frequency is set to 2 Hz above the analyzer’s frequency. By combining these two signals together, the resultant signal will be a perfect sine wave with a magnitude which varies from -17 dBm to -23 dBm at a rate of 2 Hz.

5. The analyzer’s receiver measurement is retrieved and compared with a perfect sine wave. Any deviation is due to receiver non-linearity.

6. The test set’s output attenuator is changed in 5 dB steps from 0 to 60 dB, and this measurement is repeated.

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Tests and Adjustments Performance Tests

7. With the 1 dB of overlap in each measurement, the data for each attenuator setting can be stitched together to provide a complete receiver linearity profile from +3 dBm to -63 dBm.

8. This test is repeated for each receiver.

If the Analyzer Fails this Test:

—If the analyzer fails this test, rerun the test.

— If the analyzer fails this test repeatedly, replace the A23 mixer brick for a

Port 1 or Port 2 failure or the A24 mixer brick for a Port 3 or Port 4 failure, then repeat this test. Refer to “Removing and Replacing the A23 and A24

Mixer Bricks” on page 7-37.

— If the analyzer still fails this test, replace the A12 SPAM board and repeat

this test. Refer to “Removing and Replacing the A4–A13 Boards” on

page 7-15.

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Adjustments

Tests and Adjustments Adjustments

These adjustments are firmware-driven tests that are used to fine-tune your analyzer.

If multiple adjustments are to be performed, perform them in the order listed.

— “10 MHz Frequency Reference Adjustment” on page 3-41

— “Synthesizer Bandwidth Adjustment” on page 3-42

— “Source Adjustment” on page 3-42

— “IF Gain Adjustment” on page 3-43

— “Receiver Characterization” on page 3-43

— “Receiver Adjustment” on page 3-44

— “EE Default Adjustment” on page 3-46

— “IF Response Adjustment (Option 090, 093, or 094 Only)” on page 3-46

These adjustments are described on the following pages.

10 MHz Frequency Reference Adjustment

The 10 MHz frequency adjustment is used to adjust the frequency accuracy of the network analyzer’s 10 MHz frequency reference on the A10 frequency reference board assembly.

Equipment Used for the 10 MHz Frequency Reference Adjustment

Equipment Type Model or Part Number Alternate Model or Part Number

Cable, BNC, 50Ω, 24 inch 8120-1839 Any

Frequency counter 53151A, Option 001 Any that will measure a signal at 10 MHz.

Procedure

This adjustment typically adjusts to within ±0.01 ppm.

1. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 3-14. Connect a GPIB cable between the network analyzer and the frequency counter.

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 3-41

System

Service

Adjustments

System

Service

Adjustments

Tests and Adjustments Adjustments

Figure 3-14 Equipment Setup for the 10 MHz Frequency Reference Adjustment

2. Press UTILITY , then , then , then click

10 MHz Freq Adjustment.

3. Ensure the GPIB settings are correct.

4. Follow the instructions and prompts as they are displayed.

Synthesizer Bandwidth Adjustment

This adjusts the bandwidth of the 13.5 GHz synthesizers.

Procedure

1. Press UTILITY , then , then , then click Synthesizer Bandwidth Adj.

2. Follow the instructions and prompts as they are displayed.

Source Adjustment

The source calibration is used to adjust your network analyzer for a flat source power across its full frequency range. There are differences between each test port; therefore, an adjustment is required for each port.

Equipment Used for the Source Adjustment

Equipment Type Model or

Part Number

Alternate Model or Part Number

Power meter E4418B/E4419B E4418A/E4419A

Power sensor, 3.5 mm E4413A 8485A

Adapter, 3.5 mm (f) to 3.5 mm (f) 83059B 85052-60012

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Tests and Adjustments

System

Service

Adjustments

System

Service

Adjustments

System

Service

Adjustments

Procedure

1. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 3-15. Connect a GPIB cable between the network analyzer and the power meter.

Figure 3-15 Equipment Setup for the Source Adjustment

2. .Press UTILITY , then , then , then click

Source Adjustment.

3. Ensure the GPIB settings are correct.

4. Follow the instructions and prompts as they are displayed.

IF Gain Adjustment

The IF gain adjustment is used to adjust the IF gain of the network analyzer.

Procedure

1. Press UTILITY , then , then , then click IF Gain Adjustment.

2. Follow the instructions and prompts as they are displayed.

Receiver Characterization

This characterizes the receivers in your analyzer.

Procedure

1. Press UTILITY , then , then , then click Receiver Characterization.

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Tests and Adjustments Adjustments

2. Follow the instructions and prompts as they are displayed.

Receiver Adjustment

The receiver calibration is used to adjust the network analyzer receivers for a flat response across its full frequency range:

1. A power meter/sensor is connected to Port 1, as shown in Figure 3-16, to establish a reference for flatness.

2. A cable is inserted between the power sensor and the test port, as shown in Figure 3-17, to establish a reference for the cable.

3. The same cable is connected between test port 1 and test port 2, as shown in Figure 3-18, and a signal from Port 1 is used to adjust the “B” receiver at Port 2.

The adjustment is repeated using a signal from Port 2 to adjust the “A” receiver at Port 1.

Data obtained during this adjustment are stored in the mxcalfile_pxx files in flash memory on the test set motherboard, with a backup copy stored on the hard disk drive. The data are used in subsequent measurements.

Solid state drives can be swapped or replaced without concern for the mxcalfile_pxx files. If the test set motherboard is replaced, the PNA firmware will automatically create new primary mxcalfile_pxx files from the backup copies on the hard drive.

These files can be recreated by performing another receiver calibration adjustment.

Equipment Used for the Receiver Adjustment

Equipment Type Model or

Part Number

Power meter E4418B/E4419B E4418A/E4419A

Power sensor, 3.5 mm E4413A 8485A

Adapter, 3.5 mm (f) to 3.5 mm (f) 83059B 85052-60012

RF Cable, 3.5 mm (f) to 3.5 mm (f) 85131C 85131E

Alternate Model Part Number

Procedure

1. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 3-16. Connect a GPIB cable between the network analyzer and the power meter.

3-44 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Tests and Adjustments

System

Service

Adjustments

Figure 3-16 Equipment Setup 1 for the Receiver Adjustment

2. Press UTILITY , then , then , then click

Receiver Adjustment.

3. Ensure the GPIB settings are correct.

4. Follow the instructions and prompts as they are displayed.

Figure 3-17 Equipment Setup 2 for the Receiver Adjustment

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 3-45

System

Service

Adjustments

System

Service

Adjustments

Tests and Adjustments Adjustments

Figure 3-18 Equipment Setup 3 for the Receiver Adjustment

EE Default Adjustment

This sets the EEPROM data to their default values.

Procedure

1. Press UTILITY , then , then , then click EE Default Adjustment.

2. On the dialog box, select Initialize rather than Adjust/Verify because an adjustment is typically unnecessary.

3. Follow the instructions and prompts as they are displayed.

IF Response Adjustment (Option 090, 093, or 094 Only)

The IF Response adjustment is required when upgrading to Option 090, 093 and or 094. In addition, this adjustment must be performed each time a new configuration is set up or if cables are changed:

Procedure

1. Press UTILITY , then , then , then click IF Response Adjustment.

2. Follow the instructions and prompts as they are displayed.

3-46 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Keysight Microwave Network Analyzers 2-Port and 4-Port PNA Series

Service Guide

4 Troubleshooting

Information in This Chapter

The information in this chapter helps you:

— Identify the portion of the analyzer at fault.

— Locate the specific troubleshooting procedure to identify the assembly or

peripheral at fault.

The sections in this chapter are arranged in a logical troubleshooting order. The following table lists the sections and a brief summary of what to look for in that section.

4-1

Hardkey

Softkey

Troubleshooting Information in This Chapter

Chapter Four at-a-Glance

Section Title Summary of Content Start Page

Getting Started with Troubleshooting

Power Up Troubleshooting Power-up problems:

Front Panel Troubleshooting Problems occurring after the network analyzer interface

Rear Panel Troubleshooting Problems associated with the rear panel interconnects.

Measurement System Troubleshooting

A starting point for troubleshooting. page 4-6

— Power supply problems

—LCD problems

— Bootup for the network analyzer interface

is loaded:

— Does the display color appear correct?

— Do the front panel keys function properly?

— Does the front panel USB connector function

properly?

The data found at these rear panel interconnects can be used to troubleshoot the CPU board.

Problems with the measurement portion of the analyzer.

— Checking the A, B, R1, and R2 signals.

page 4-8

page 4-16

page 4-21

page 4-28

— Checking the source group.

— Checking the signal separation group.

— Checking the receiver group.

Instrument Block Diagrams Block diagrams for the analyzer including all options. page 4-47

Conventions Used for Hardkeys, Softkeys, and Menu Items

The following conventions are used in this document:

This represents a “hardkey”, a key that is physically located on the instrument.

This represents a “softkey”, a key whose label is determined by the instrument firmware.

Menu Item This represents an item in a drop-down or pop-up menu.

4-2 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Troubleshooting Operating the Analyzer With Covers Removed

Operating the Analyzer With Covers Removed

Do not operate the analyzer with the outer cover removed for more than 30 minutes, as this could cause the analyzer to overheat which could result in costly damage.

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 4-3

Troubleshooting Protect Against Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)

Protect Against Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)

This is important. If not properly protected against, electrostatic discharge can seriously damage your analyzer, resulting in costly repair.

To reduce the chance of electrostatic discharge, follow all of the recommendations outlined in “Electrostatic Discharge Protection” on

page 1-7, for all of the procedures in this chapter.

4-4 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Troubleshooting Assembly Replacement Sequence

Assembly Replacement Sequence

After identifying the problem requiring an assembly to be replaced, follow these steps:

Step 1. Order a replacement assembly. Refer to Chapter 6, “Replaceable Parts.”

Step 2. Replace the faulty assembly and determine what adjustments are necessary.

Refer to Chapter 7, “Repair and Replacement Procedures.”

Step 3. Perform the necessary adjustments. Refer to Chapter 3, “Tests and

Adjustments.”

Step 4. Perform the necessary performance tests. Refer to Chapter 3, “Tests and

Adjustments.”

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 4-5

Preset

Troubleshooting Getting Started with Troubleshooting

Getting Started with Troubleshooting

Where you begin troubleshooting depends upon the symptoms of the failure. Start by checking the basics as outlined in the following section. Also review the flowchart in Figure 4-1 on page 4-7. You should then be able to determine where in the troubleshooting procedure to begin, to locate the failed assembly.

Check the Basics

A problem can often be solved by repeating the procedure you were following when the problem occurred. Before calling Keysight Technologies or returning the instrument for service, please perform the following checks:

1. Is there power at the mains receptacle? If not, correct this situation and proceed.

2. Is the instrument turned on? Check to see if the front panel line switch glows. This indicates the power supply is on. If the front panel line switch is on but the power supply does not appear to be on, go to “Power Up

Troubleshooting” on page 4-8.

3. Is the Windows® operating system running? If not, refer to “Operating

System Recovery” in Chapter 8 for instructions.

4. If other equipment, cables, and connectors are being used with the instrument, make sure they are clean, connected properly and operating correctly.

5. Review the procedure for the measurement being performed when the problem appeared. Are all the settings correct? If not, correct them.

6. If the instrument is not functioning as expected, return the unit to a known state by pressing the UTILITY key.

7. Is the measurement being performed, and the results that are expected, within the specifications and capabilities of the instrument? Refer to the embedded help in the analyzer for instrument specifications.

8. If the problem is thought to be due to firmware, check to see if the instrument has the latest firmware before starting the troubleshooting procedure. Refer to “Firmware Upgrades” in Chapter 8 for instructions.

9. If the necessary test equipment is available, perform the operator’s check and system verification in Chapter 3, “Tests and Adjustments.”

Troubleshooting Organization

Follow the flowgraph in Figure 4-1 to help direct you to the correct section for troubleshooting the analyzer.

4-6 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Troubleshooting

Go to “Power Up

Troubleshooting”

Go to “Front Panel

Troubleshooting”

Go to “Rear Panel

Troubleshooting”

Go to “Measurement

System Troubleshooting”

Getting Started with Troubleshooting

Figure 4-1 Troubleshooting Organization Flowchart

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 4-7

Troubleshooting Power Up Troubleshooting

Power Up Troubleshooting

Immediately unplug the instrument from the ac power line if the unit shows any of the following symptoms:

— Smoke, arcing, or unusual noise from inside the analyzer.

— A circuit breaker or fuse on the main ac power line opens.

Check your network analyzer for evidence that it is powering up correctly. Perform the following steps and make sure that the analyzer is displaying correct behavior as noted in the following steps.

Step 1. Disconnect all peripherals and plug in the network analyzer. Before the

analyzer is powered on, the line switch should glow yellow and no other lights should be on.

Step 2. Turn on the network analyzer.

• The line switch should glow green.

• The fans should be audible.

• The display should flash and then show the hardware boot-up sequence. This process checks the RAM and communication with the hard disk drive. These checks return an error message if a problem is detected.

• The Windows operating system should start.

• The network analyzer measurement interface should open with an S

measurement displayed.

Step 3. If the analyzer powers up correctly, continue troubleshooting with “Front

Panel Troubleshooting” on page 4-16.

Step 4. If the analyzer does not power up correctly, follow these troubleshooting

steps:

— If the line switch does not glow, go to “Power Supply Check” on page 4-9.

— If you cannot hear the fans operating, go to “If the Fans Are Not Operating”

on page 4-13.

— If the line switch glows green and the fans are operating (audible), but the

display remains dark, go to “Troubleshooting LCD Display Problems” on

page 4-14.

— If the instrument appears to abort the network analyzer measurement

interface process, contact Keysight. Refer to “Contacting Keysight” on

page 2-7.

4-8 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Troubleshooting Power Up Troubleshooting

Power Supply Check

There are no fuses to replace within the power supply. If you determine that the power supply is the failed assembly, replace the power supply.

A catastrophic failure in the power supply can be determined by observing the line switch and the power supply LED indicators:

1. Ensure that the instrument is plugged in with the power switch in the standby position (power not switched on). Verify that the line switch displays a yellow light. A line switch that displays a yellow light indicates that the power supply standby line is active and functional)

2. Turn on the instrument power and verify that the line switch now displays a green light. When the line switch displays a green light, it is an indication that the power supply is active and does not sense an over-current condition.

3. You can determine which power supplies are functioning by viewing the LED indicators on the A15 midplane board. Refer to Figure 4-2.

To view the LED indicators, it is necessary to remove the instrument’s outer and inner covers. Refer to “Removing the Covers” on page 7-6 for removal procedures. To determine the location of the A15 midplane board, refer to “Top Assemblies and Cables, All Options” on page 6-16.

Do not operate the analyzer with the outer cover removed for more than 30 minutes, as this could cause the analyzer to overheat which could result in costly damage.

4. If any power supply voltage is missing, it is likely that the problem is a defective A16 power supply, the A15 midplane board, or another assembly that is loading down the A16 power supply. Continue with “If Any Supply

Voltage Is Missing” on page 4-11 to determine the cause of the problem.

5. If the line switch is lit correctly, and all the power supply voltages appear to be present, as indicated by the LEDs as shown in Figure 4-2, the power supply has not suffered a catastrophic failure. However, the power supply could still be at fault. Continue at “Measure the Individual Supply

Voltages” to verify that the actual supply voltages are correct.

Measure the Individual Supply Voltages

Measure the power supply voltages using a digital multi-meter. Use the point labeled ACOM as ground reference for analog supplies and the point marked DCOM as ground reference for digital supplies.

Refer to Figure 4-2 for the power supply measurement points on the A15 midplane board. Refer to Table 4-2 on page 4-11 for the correct voltages.

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 4-9

Troubleshooting Power Up Troubleshooting

Figure 4-2 A15 Midplane Board Power Supply LED Indicators and Measurement Points

The instrument contains potentially hazardous voltages. Refer to the safety symbols provided on the instrument and in

Considerations” on page 1-3

before operating the unit with the cover

“General Safety

removed. Make sure that the safety instructions are strictly followed. Failure to do so can result in personal injury or loss of life.

Do not operate the analyzer with the outer cover removed for more than 30 minutes, as this could cause the analyzer to overheat which could result in costly damage.

4-10 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Troubleshooting Power Up Troubleshooting

If any one individual voltage supply from the A16 power supply develops an over-voltage or over-current problem, all supplies are affected. The cause of the over-voltage or over-current condition can be the A16 power supply itself, or any assembly to which the A16 power supply provides voltage. To isolate the cause, continue to the assembly removal process as described in the section titled “If Any Supply Voltage Is Missing” on

page 4-11.

Table 4-1 Power Supply Measurement Points

Test Point Supply Name Expected Level

(Vdc)

TP517 Analog Ground 0 V TP516 −5.2 V analog −5.2 ±0.1

TP509 +15 V analog +15.0 ±0.1 TP514 −7 V analog −7.0 ±0.1

TP511 +9 V analog +9.0 ±0.1 TP500 Digital Ground 0 V

TP515 +3.3 V analog +3.3 ±0.1 TP502 +5.1 V standby +5.1 ±0.1

TP513 +5.2 V analog +5.2 ±0.1 TP503 +12 V digital +12.0 ±0.1

TP501 +15 V standby +15.0 ±0.1 TP507 +3.35 V digital +3.35 ±0.1

TP504 +32 V analog +32.0 ±0.1 TP505 +5.1 V digital +5.1 ±0.1

TP512 −15 V analog −15.0 ±0.1 TP519 Digital Ground 0 V

Test Point Supply Name Expected Level

(Vdc)

If All Supply Voltages are Present

If all of the supplies have measured within tolerances, and the instrument still is not functioning properly, refer to “Front Panel Troubleshooting” on

page 4-16.

If Any Supply Voltage Is Missing

Disconnect the line-power cord before removing any assembly. Procedures described in this document may be performed with power supplied to the product while protective covers are removed. Energy available at many points may, if contacted, result in personal injury or loss of life.

You must sequentially remove all of the assemblies, taking care to disconnect the line power cord before each removal, and then measure the supply voltages after each removal.

If the missing supply voltages return to a “power on” condition after removal of an assembly, suspect that assembly as being defective.

Remove the network analyzer assemblies in the order specified in the following steps (refer to Chapter 7 for removal instructions).

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 4-11

Troubleshooting Power Up Troubleshooting

1. Unplug the A19 test set motherboard ribbon cable from the A19 test set motherboard (refer to “Removing and Replacing the A19 Test Set

Motherboard” on page 7-29).

2. Unplug the A19 test set motherboard to A20 IF multiplexer board ribbon cable from the A20 IF multiplexer board (refer to “Removing and Replacing

the A20 IF Multiplexer Board” on page 7-31).

3. Unplug the front panel interface cable from the A1 front panel interface board (refer to “Removing the A1 Front Panel Interface Board and Keypad

Assembly” on page 7-10).

4. Remove the A12 SPAM board (refer to “Removing and Replacing the A4–

A13 Boards” on page 7-15).

5. Remove the A8 source board (refer to “Removing and Replacing the A4–

A13 Boards” on page 7-15).

6. Remove the A5 source board, if present (refer to “Removing and Replacing

the A4–A13 Boards” on page 7-15).

7. Remove the A11 13.5 GHz synthesizer board (refer to “Removing and

Replacing the A4–A13 Boards” on page 7-15).

8. Remove the A13 13.5 GHz synthesizer board (refer to “Removing and

Replacing the A4–A13 Boards” on page 7-15).

9. Remove the A4 13.5 GHz synthesizer board, if present (refer to “Removing

and Replacing the A4–A13 Boards” on page 7-15)

10.Remove the A10 frequency reference board (refer to “Removing and

Replacing the A4–A13 Boards” on page 7-15).

11.Remove the A18 GPIB board (refer to “Removing and Replacing the A18

GPIB Board” on page 7-27). Reinstall the A16 power supply assembly and

the A17 CPU board assembly.

12.Unplug the A51 hard disk drive from the A17 CPU board (refer to

“Removing and Replacing the A51 Solid State Drive (SSD)” on page 7-50).

The minimum required assemblies to power up the analyzer are:

— A16 power supply

— A15 midplane board

— A14 system motherboard

— A17 CPU board

To further isolate the failure in the three remaining assemblies, measure the resistance (with the power turned off) from the power supply test points to either ACOM or DCOM.

Make sure that the only assemblies plugged in are the four minimum required assemblies listed above.

4-12 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Troubleshooting Power Up Troubleshooting

Check for shorts (zero Ω) or very low resistance (approximately 1 Ω). If a short or low resistance is measured, isolate each of the remaining four boards in the following order, and recheck the shorted test point after each board is removed. You should be able to determine if the shorted condition has changed.

Isolate the remaining three assemblies:

— remove the A17 CPU board

— remove the A16 power supply

— remove the A15 midplane board

— This leaves only the A14 system motherboard installed. If the resistance

measurements are still incorrect, this is the suspected faulty assembly.

If the Fans Are Not Operating

The power supply may be in thermal shutdown if the instrument has been operating without the fans running. Allow the instrument to cool down before troubleshooting.

If all three fans are not operating, suspect a power supply problem or a defective A14 system motherboard. Refer to “Power Supply Check” on

page 4-9 to check the individual supplies. If the supplies are within

specifications, the most probable cause is a defective A14 system motherboard. Refer to “Removing and Replacing the A14 System

Motherboard” on page 7-18.

If only one or two fans are not functioning, and the power supplies are within specifications, suspect the A14 system motherboard or defective fan(s). Perform the following procedure.

1. Remove the fan bracket, with fans attached, from the analyzer to expose the fan power cable connections on the A14 system motherboard. Refer to

Figure 4-3 for location of these connections. Refer to “Removing and Replacing the Fans” on page 7-56.

2. Plug in the power cord and measure the fan voltages at all three connectors on the A14 system motherboard. THIS MUST BE DONE QUICKLY AS THE ANALYZER WILL RAPIDLY OVERHEAT WITHOUT THE COOLING EFFECT OF THE FANS. DO NOT PLUG IN THE POWER CORD UNTIL READY TO PERFORM MEASUREMENTS.

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 4-13

Troubleshooting Power Up Troubleshooting

Figure 4-3 Fan Power Cable Connections

3. If the correct voltage is present at each connection and the fan connectors are in good mechanical condition, suspect a defective fan. Refer to

“Removing and Replacing the Fans” on page 7-56.

4. If the correct voltage is not present, suspect a defective A14 system motherboard. Refer to “Removing and Replacing the A14 System

Motherboard” on page 7-18.

Troubleshooting LCD Display Problems

This procedure is intended to isolate the faulty assembly when the display is dark. If the display is lit, but the color mix is faulty, refer to “A3 Display Test” on

page 4-19.

There are no front panel adjustments for intensity and contrast of the LCD.

1. If the display is dim, the A3 display assembly is defective. Refer to

“Removing and Replacing the A1–A3 and Other Front Panel Subassemblies” on page 7-10.

4-14 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Troubleshooting Power Up Troubleshooting

2. If the display is dark (not visible), connect an external VGA monitor to the rear panel Monitor output connector. (Be aware that some multisync monitors might not be able to lock to a 60 Hz sync pulse.) If the video information is not present on the external VGA monitor, the most probable cause is the A17 CPU board. Refer to “Removing and Replacing the A17

CPU Board Assembly” on page 7-25.

3. If the external VGA monitor displays the correct information, verify that the front panel interface ribbon cable is properly plugged into the motherboard connector. Refer to “Removing and Replacing the Front

Panel Assembly” on page 7-8.

4. If the front panel interface ribbon cable is properly connected, suspect that one or more of the following is defective:

— inverter board (mounted on the display assembly)

— A1 front panel interface board

— A3 display assembly

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 4-15

System

Service

Front Panel Test

Troubleshooting Front Panel Troubleshooting

Front Panel Troubleshooting

The front panel assembly consists of the A1 front panel interface board, the keypad, the A2 USB board, and the A3 display assembly. The following tests verify the operation of the front panel assembly when the analyzer is in the measurement mode. If the instrument fails to power up correctly, or it is difficult to verify due to a faulty display, refer to “Power Up Troubleshooting”

on page 4-8.

Refer to the following sections to verify the operation of the noted assemblies.

— “Front Panel Keypad and RPG Test” on this page

— “A3 Display Test” on page 4-19

— “Checking the A2 USB Board” on page 4-19

— “A1 Front Panel Interface Board” on page 4-20

If all assemblies are working correctly, continue troubleshooting with “Rear

Panel Troubleshooting” on page 4-21.

Front Panel Keypad and RPG Test

Test the front panel keypad by running the front panel test. To run the front panel test, perform the following:

Press UTILITY , then , then , then .

A Front Panel Key Test Utility dialog box will be displayed, as shown in Figure

4-4.

4-16 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Troubleshooting Front Panel Troubleshooting

Figure 4-4 Front Panel Key Test Utility Dialog Box

Checking the Front Panel Keys

To check the front panel keys, push each key and compare the name in the Key Label box to the name physically labeled on the key cap. These names are also in Table 4-2 below.

— If all the key names are correct, then the front panel keypad is working. If

some of the keys are not working, suspect a faulty keypad. To replace the keypad, refer to “Removing the A1 Front Panel Interface Board and Keypad

Assembly” on page 7-10.

— If none of the keys are working correctly, suspect a faulty A1 front panel

interface board. To replace the A1 front panel interface board, refer to

“Removing the A1 Front Panel Interface Board and Keypad Assembly” on page 7-10.

Table 4-2 Front Panel Keyboard Key Names

TRACE/CHAN Keys

Trace 1 Meas OK k/m

Trace 2 Format Cancel Enter

RESPONSE Keys

ENTRY Keys

ENTRY Keys (Cont’d)

Off

Trace 3 Scale Help . (decimal point)

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 4-17

Preset

Troubleshooting Front Panel Troubleshooting

Table 4-2 Front Panel Keyboard Key Names

TRACE/CHAN Keys

Trace 4 Display Bk Sp +/-

Traces Avg 0

Channel Cal 1 Freq

Navigation Keys

← Marker 3 Sweep

→ Search 4 Trigger

↑ Memory 5

↓ Analysis 6 Save

Click 7Print

RESPONSE Keys

MARKER/ ANALYSIS Keys

ENTRY Keys

2Power

ENTRY Keys (Cont’d)

STIMULUS Keys

UTILITY Keys

8Macro

9Recall

G/n System

M/u Preset

Checking the RPG (Front Panel Knob)

To check the RPG knob:

1. Press the UTILITY key.

2. Rotate the knob and check for a fluid movement of numbers on the

analyzer display.

3. If the movement of numbers is not smooth or no numbers appear at all, suspect a faulty A1 front panel interface board. To replace the A1 front panel interface board, refer to “Removing the A1 Front Panel Interface

Board and Keypad Assembly” on page 7-10.

4-18 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Troubleshooting

System

Service

Display Test

Front Panel Troubleshooting

A3 Display Test

The display should be bright with all annotations and text readable. The display test allows you to check for non-functioning pixels and other problems.

If the display is dim or dark, refer to “Troubleshooting LCD Display

Problems” on page 4-14.

What Is a Damaged Pixel?

A pixel is a picture element that combines to create the image on the display. A pixel is about the size of a small pin point.

A damaged pixel is pixel that has a constant blue, green, red, or black appearance that will not change.

How to Run the Display Test

To run the display test, perform the following:

Press UTILITY , then , then , then .

A multi-color screen is displayed. Be prepared to look for the symptoms described in “How to Identify a Faulty Display.” Follow the instructions on the screen.

How to Identify a Faulty Display

A display is considered faulty if:

— More than 0.002% of the total pixels have a constant blue, green, red, or

black appearance that will not change.

— Three or more consecutive pixels have a constant blue, green, red, or black

appearance that will not change.

If the A3 display assembly is determined to be faulty, replace it. Refer to

“Removing the A3 Display Assembly and the Touchscreen” on page 7-12.

Checking the A2 USB Board

To verify proper operation of the USB board:

— Connect a known good USB device, such as a USB mouse, to a front panel

USB port.

— Wait 15 seconds for the analyzer to verify the device connection, and then

check the operation of the USB device.

— If the device performs correctly, the USB board is functioning properly.

— If the device does not perform correctly, the USB board is faulty. Refer to

“Removing the A2 USB Board” on page 7-10.

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 4-19

System

Configure

Control Panel...

Troubleshooting Front Panel Troubleshooting

A1 Front Panel Interface Board

This assembly performs the following functions:

— It routes USB signals between the front-panel USB connector and the A17

CPU board.

— The speaker produces the audio output from signals supplied by the A17

CPU board.

— It routes key pad commands from the keypad to the A17 CPU board.

— It routes display signals from the A17 CPU board to the A3 display

assembly.

Checking the Speaker

If no audio is heard:

— Verify that the volume is set correctly and the proper sound driver is loaded;

do the following:

— Press UTILITY , then , then .

—Click on the Sounds and Audio Devices entry. Follow the normal

Windows procedure to check the sound drivers and volume. If the audio is still not heard, suspect a faulty speaker. Refer to “Removing

the A1 Front Panel Interface Board and Keypad Assembly” on page 7-10.

Checking the Operation of the Key Pad Commands

To verify the key pad functionality, refer to “Front Panel Keypad and RPG Test”

on page 4-16.

Checking the Display

To verify the display functionality, refer to “A3 Display Test” on page 4-19.

4-20 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Troubleshooting

System

Configure

SICL/GPIB...

Rear Panel Troubleshooting

Each rear panel connector is associated with a hardware group in the analyzer. You can use the data at these rear panel connectors to help troubleshoot these hardware groups in addition to testing the connectors.

The connectors discussed in this section are:

•USB x 4

• Monitor (VGA)

• GPIB (0) CONTROLLER

• GPIB (1) TALKER/LISTENER

•LAN

Checking the USB Ports

To verify proper operation of any rear panel USB port:

— Connect a known good USB device, such as a USB mouse.

— Wait 15 seconds for the analyzer to verify the device connection, and then

check the operation of the USB device.

— If the device performs correctly, the USB port is functioning properly.

— If the device does not perform correctly, remove the non-working USB

device, wait 15 seconds, and then reconnect the device to the rear panel USB port.

— If the USB device still does not work and has been verified to work

elsewhere, then the A17 CPU board is faulty. Refer to “Removing and

Replacing the A17 CPU Board Assembly” on page 7-25.

Checking the CONTROLLER Port

The network analyzer uses a National Instruments 488.2 GPIB controller and associated driver software. This software includes a test utility that scans the GPIB bus and returns the status of all the connected peripherals.

To run the test utility software and check the GPIB status:

1. Connect a known good peripheral to the analyzer using a known good GPIB cable.

2. Press UTILITY , then , then . A SICL/GPIB/SCPI dialog box is displayed.

3. In the GPIB block, click System Controller to establish the analyzer as a controller. Wait for the analyzer to configure, and then click OK.

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 4-21

System

Configure

Control Panel...

Troubleshooting Rear Panel Troubleshooting

4. If the Window Desktop is not displayed, press UTILITY , then

, then to view the Windows Taskbar menu at

the bottom of the display.

5. On the Windows Taskbar menu, click Start then point to Programs, National Instruments NI-488.2, and then click Explore GPIB to open the Measurement & Automation window.

6. On the left side of the Measurement & Automation window under folders:

a. Click the plus sign to expand the Measurement & Automation

folder.

b. Click the plus sign to expand the Devices and Interfaces folder.

c. Right click GPIB0 (AT-GPIB/TNT) to open a submenu.

7. On the submenu, click Scan for Instruments to run the test.

8. The state of all the peripherals found on the bus is returned.

9. If problems are detected, check the connections of all GPIB cables, and

check all the GPIB addresses of the instruments on the bus.

Address Information

— Each device must have its own unique address.

— The network analyzer’s default GPIB address in the controller mode is

21.

— The address set on each device must match the one recognized by the

analyzer (and displayed).

Refer to the manual of the peripheral to read or change its address.

Troubleshooting Systems with Controllers

Passing the preceding test indicates that the analyzer's peripheral functions are operating normally. Therefore, if the analyzer has not been operating properly with an external controller, check the following:

— The GPIB interface hardware is incorrectly installed or not operational.

(Refer to the embedded help in your analyzer.)

— The programming syntax is incorrect. (Refer to the embedded help in your

analyzer.)

LAN Troubleshooting

Problems with the Local Area Network (LAN) can be difficult to solve. Software and protocol problems can make it difficult to determine whether the analyzer's hardware is working properly, or if there is a problem with the LAN or cabling.

4-22 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Troubleshooting

System

Configure

Control Panel...

Rear Panel Troubleshooting

The purpose of this section is to determine if the analyzer's hardware is functioning properly. While the turn-on self-test verifies some LAN hardware functionality, it is limited to internal testing only. Incorrect IP addresses will prevent proper operation. Improper subnet masks may allow only one-way communication, while improper gateway addresses may exclude outside LAN access.

Ping Command

The analyzer has the built-in capability of performing a “ping” operation. Ping will request the analyzer to send a few bytes of information to a specific LAN device. That device will then signal the analyzer that it has received the information. The analyzer computes the approximate round trip time of the communication cycle and displays it. For a full test of two-way communications, a ping test should be performed in two directions.

— First: you should ping from the analyzer to the local area network.

— Second: you should ping from the local area network to the analyzer.

In the second case, any other network device capable of sending a ping command could be used, assuming it is connected to the same network. This could be a computer or even another analyzer.

How to Ping from the Analyzer to the Local Area Network (LAN)

Follow the steps below to verify proper LAN operation (assuming you have a functioning LAN). If no network LAN is available, see “Testing Between Two

Analyzers” on page 4-25.

1. Make sure the IP address on the analyzer is set properly and that it is unique. If unsure how to check the IP address, refer to the embedded help in the analyzer.

2. Make sure the subnet mask is 0.0.0.0. If not, note the current setting (to allow setting it back later) and then set it to 0.0.0.0.

3. Find and note the IP address of another working LAN device on the same network. Make sure this device is turned on, connected, and is functioning properly.

4. To ping the network device:

a. If the Windows Desktop is not displayed, press UTILITY ,

then , then to view the Windows Taskbar menu at the bottom of the display.

b. On the Windows Taskbar menu, click Start, point to Programs,

Accessories, and then click Command Prompt.

c. The command prompt window is displayed.

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 4-23

Enter

Troubleshooting Rear Panel Troubleshooting

d. At the prompt, type ping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx1 and press ENTRY

on the front panel. Refer to Step 5 for the results of a

successful ping.

5. The analyzer attempts four cycles of communications with the indicated LAN device.

— It displays the time it took to complete each cycle.

— Each cycle times-out after one second if no communication is

established and the message, Request timed out, is displayed.

— It is common for the first of the four cycles to time-out even though

subsequent cycles pass.

— See below for an example output of a successful ping.

C:>ping 141.121.69.162

Pinging 141.121.69.162 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 141.121.69.162: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=127 Reply from 141.121.69.162: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=127 Reply from 141.121.69.162: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=127

Reply from 141.121.69.162: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=127

Ping statistics for 141.121.69.162:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, lost = 0 <0% loss>.

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

6. The above message verifies that one way communication from the analyzer to the network has been established

7. If the subnet mask was changed in step 2, set it back at this time.

How to Ping from the Local Area Network (LAN) to the Analyzer

Reverse communication should also be verified. Determining this, though, is dependent upon your network setup and software. Generally, you need to issue a ping command using the IP address of the analyzer to be tested. For example, using Windows 95, 98, 2000, XP or 7 and while at a DOS prompt,

type in ping xxx .xxx.xxx.xxx panel. If full communication can be established, then the computer display

shows the cycle time for each of four cycle attempts (similar to that in step 5). Other software may behave somewhat differently, but basically the same.

. Then press ENTRY on the front

1. The letters x represent the IP address of the other device on the network.

2. The letters x represent the IP address of the analyzer.

4-24 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Troubleshooting Rear Panel Troubleshooting

If the analyzer can talk to the network, but the network can not talk to the analyzer, then the computer or device used from the network may have a subnet mask that excludes communication with the IP address chosen for the analyzer. Any subnet mask other than 0.0.0.0 will exclude operation from some addresses. Changing the subnet mask of a computer or other device should only be attempted by a qualified network administrator. Failure to communicate due to a subnet mask incompatibility does not indicate any failure of the analyzer.

If the analyzer fails to ping in either direction, and assuming the subnet masks are set properly, then the fault must be isolated to the analyzer or to the network. Contact a qualified network administrator.

Testing Between Two Analyzers

The ability of the analyzer's LAN to function can be easily tested by connecting two analyzers together using a “crossover cable” (a short length of cable with an RJ-45 connector on each end).

Some network hubs have the capability to make a crossover connection using two normal, or straight-through, cables. If this capability is not available and a crossover cable is not available, a crossover cable can be made by following the directions in “Constructing a Crossover Cable” on page 4-25.

Set the IP addresses on two analyzers. The addresses can be set to anything, but they must be different. Make sure the subnet mask and gateway addresses are set to 0.0.0.0 and that the LAN is active on both analyzers. Connect the two analyzers together using either a crossover cable or a crossover hub.

Now follow the steps in “How to Ping from the Analyzer to the Local Area

Network (LAN)” on page 4-23 to have the first analyzer ping the second

analyzer. When done, repeat the procedure having the second analyzer ping the first. If both procedures function properly, the LAN circuitry on both analyzers is verified.

If neither function properly:

— One or both IP addresses could be wrong.

— One or both LAN states could be set to off.

— The crossover cable could be miswired.

— One or both analyzers could be defective.

If possible, eliminate the possibility of a defective analyzer by substitution of a known working unit. Once the analyzer has been proven to be working properly, concentration can be placed on the network itself to determine the cause of the failure.

Constructing a Crossover Cable

A crossover cable can be made from a standard LAN cable by connecting pin 1 from each connector to pin 3 of the other connector, and pin 2 from each connector to pin 6 of the other connector.

Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide 4-25

Troubleshooting Rear Panel Troubleshooting

1. Strip away a few inches of the outside jacket insulation from the middle of a standard LAN cable that has an RJ-45 connector on each end.

Pins 1, 2, 3, and 6 of the connectors must be located to determine which wires to cut in the following steps. Most, but not all, LAN cables use the color coding listed in Table 4-3. If your cable does not use this color scheme, you will have to determine the locations of the appropriate wires before proceeding with this procedure.

Table 4-3 LAN Pin Definitions and Wire Color Codes

Pin Number Color Pin Number Color

1 (transmit +) White/orange 5 White/blue

2 (transmit −) Orange 6 (receive −) Green

3 (receive +) White/green 7 White/brown

4Blue8Brown

2. Cut the wires going to pins 1, 2, 3, and 6. Strip away a small amount of insulation from each of the eight cut ends.

a. Connect the wire from pin 1 on one end of the cable to the wire from

pin 3 on the other end of the cable.

b. Connect the wire from pin 3 on one end of the cable to the wire from

pin 1 on the other end of the cable.

c. Connect the wire from pin 2 on one end of the cable to the wire from

pin 6 on the other end of the cable.

d. Connect the wire from pin 6 on one end of the cable to the wire from

pin 2 on the other end of the cable.

3. Insulate all exposed wires so that they cannot short together.

4. Label this as a crossover cable so that it cannot be confused with a

standard cable.

4-26 Keysight N5221A/22A Service Guide

Keysight Technologies N5221A, N5222A Service Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Notices

Table of Contents

1 Safety and Regulatory Information

Information in This Chapter

Chapter One at-a-Glance

Safety Symbols

General Safety Considerations

Safety Earth Ground

Before Applying Power

Servicing

Electrostatic Discharge Protection

Regulatory Information

Instrument Markings

Lithium Battery Disposal

2 General Product Information

Information in This Chapter

Chapter Two at-a-Glance

Maintenance

Physical Maintenance

Electrical Maintenance

Analyzer Options, Accessories and Upgrades Available

Pulse I/O Adapter-N1966A

Required Service Test Equipment

Keysight Support, Services, and Assistance

Service and Support Options

Contacting Keysight

Shipping Your Analyzer to Keysight for Service or Repair

3 Tests and Adjustments

Information in This Chapter

Conventions Used for Hardkeys, Softkeys, and Menu Items

Chapter Three at-a-Glance

Before You Begin

Verify the Operating Environment

Protect Against Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)

Allow the Analyzer to Warm Up

Review the Principles of Connector Care

About System Verification and Performance Tests

System Specifications

Instrument Specifications

System Verification Procedure

Performance Tests

Certificate of Calibration

ANSI/NCSL Z540.3–2006 and ISO/IEC 17025 Verification

Non-Standards Compliant Verification

Preliminary Checks

The Operator’s Check

The Test Port Cable Checks

System Verification

What the System Verification Verifies

Measurement Uncertainty

Measurement Traceability

Performing System Verification

Performance Tests

Source Power Accuracy Test

Source Maximum Power Output Test

Source Power Linearity Test

Frequency Accuracy Test

Trace Noise Test

Receiver Compression Test

Noise Floor Test

Calibration Coefficients Test

Dynamic Accuracy Test

Adjustments

10 MHz Frequency Reference Adjustment

Synthesizer Bandwidth Adjustment

Source Adjustment

IF Gain Adjustment

Receiver Characterization

Receiver Adjustment

EE Default Adjustment

IF Response Adjustment (Option 090, 093, or 094 Only)

4 Troubleshooting

Information in This Chapter

Chapter Four at-a-Glance

Conventions Used for Hardkeys, Softkeys, and Menu Items

Operating the Analyzer With Covers Removed