Keysight Technologies N5171B EXG, N5173B EXG, N5183B MXG, N5172B EXG, N5181B MXG User Manual

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Keysight X-Series Signal Generators

N5171B/72B/73B EXG N5181B/82B/83B MXG

User’s Guide

Notices

No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Keysight Technologies, Inc. as governed by United States and international copyright laws.

Manual Part Number

N5180-90056

Edition

Edition 1, August 2018

Supersedes: August 2016

Published by: Keysight Technologies 1400 Fountaingrove Parkway Santa Rosa, CA 95403

Warranty

THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED “AS IS,” AND IS SUBJECT TO BEING CHANGED, WITHOUT NOTICE, IN FUTURE EDITIONS. FURTHER, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, KEYSIGHT DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL AND ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. KEYSIGHT SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS OR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING, USE, OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN. SHOULD KEYSIGHT AND THE USER HAVE A SEPARATE WRITTEN AGREEMENT WITH WARRANTY TERMS

COVERING THE MATERIAL IN THIS DOCUMENT THAT CONFLICT WITH THESE TERMS, THE WARRANTY TERMS IN THE SEPARATE AGREEMENT WILL CONTROL.

Technology Licenses

The hardware and/or software described in this document are furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.

U.S. Government Rights

The Software is “commercial computer software,” as defined by Federal Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”) 2.101. Pursuant to FAR

12.212 and 27.405-3 and Department of Defense FAR Supplement (“DFARS”) 227.7202, the U.S. government acquires commercial computer software under the same terms by which the software is customarily provided to the public. Accordingly, Keysight provides the Software to U.S. government customers under its standard commercial license, which is embodied in its End User License Agreement (EULA), a copy of which can be found at

http://www.keysight.com/find/sweula

The license set forth in the EULA represents the exclusive authority by which the U.S. government may use, modify, distribute, or disclose the Software. The EULA and the license set forth therein, does not require or permit, among other things, that Keysight: (1) Furnish technical information related to commercial computer software or commercial computer software documentation that is not customarily provided to the public; or (2) Relinquish to, or otherwise provide, the government rights in excess of these rights customarily provided to the public to use, modify, reproduce, release, perform, display, or disclose commercial computer software or commercial computer software

documentation. No additional government requirements beyond those set forth in the EULA shall apply, except to the extent that those terms, rights, or licenses are explicitly required from all providers of commercial computer software pursuant to the FAR and the DFARS and are set forth specifically in writing elsewhere in the EULA. Keysight shall be under no obligation to update, revise or otherwise modify the Software. With respect to any technical data as defined by FAR 2.101, pursuant to FAR 12.211 and 27.404.2 and DFARS 227.7102, the U.S. government acquires no greater than Limited Rights as defined in FAR 27.401 or DFAR 227.7103-5 (c), as applicable in any technical data.

Safety Notices

A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to the product or loss of important data. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

A WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury or death. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

Where to Find the Latest Information

Documentation is updated periodically. For the latest information about these products, including instrument software upgrades, application information, and product information, browse to one of the following URLs, according to the name of your product:

http://www.keysight.com/find/X-Series_SG

To receive the latest updates by email, subscribe to Keysight Email Updates at the following URL:

http://www.keysight.com/find/MyKeysight

Information on preventing instrument damage can be found at:

www.keysight.com/find/PreventingInstrumentRepair

Is your product software up-to-date?

Periodically, Keysight releases software updates to fix known defects and incorporate product enhancements. To search for software updates for your product, go to the Keysight Technical Support website at:

http://www.keysight.com/find/techsupport

iii

1. Signal Generator Overview

Signal Generator Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Continuous Wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Swept Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Analog Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Digital Modulation (Vector Models with Option 65x Only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Front Panel Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1. Host USB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2. Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3. Softkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4. Numeric Keypad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

5. Arrows and Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

6. Page Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

7. MENUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

8. Trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

9. Local Cancel/(Esc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

10. Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

11. Preset and User Preset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

12. RF Output (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, N5182B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

12. RF Output (N5173B, N5183B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

13. RF On/Off and LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

14. Mod On/Off and LED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

15. Page Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

16. I Input (vector models only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

17. Q Input (vector models only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

18. Knob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

19. Incr Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

20. Return . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

21. More and LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

22. Power Switch and LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Front Panel Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1. Active Function Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2. Frequency Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3. Annunciators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4. Amplitude Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5. Error Message Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

6. Text Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

7. Softkey Label Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1. AC Power Receptacle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2. EXT 1 & EXT 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

3. LF OUT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

4. SWEEP OUT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

5. PULSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Contents

Keysight EXG and MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide v

Contents

6. TRIG 1 & 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

7. REF IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

8. 10 MHz OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

9. GPIB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

10. LAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

11. Device USB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

12. Host USB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

13. SD Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Digital Modulation Connectors (Vector Models Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

I OUT, Q OUT, OUT, OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

BB TRIG 1 & BB TRIG 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

EVENT 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

PAT TRIG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

DIGITAL BUS I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

AUX I/O Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Rear Panel Overview (N5173B & N5183B). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

1. AC Power Receptacle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2. EXT 1 & EXT 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3. LF OUT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

4. SWEEP OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

5. PULSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

6. TRIG 1 & 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

7. REF IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

8. 10 MHz OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

9. GPIB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

10. LAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

11. Device USB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

12. Host USB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

13. SD Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

14. ALC INPUT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

15. Z AXIS OUTPUT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

2. Preferences & Enabling Options

User Preferences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Display Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Power On and Preset. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Front Panel Knob Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Setting Time and Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Reference Oscillator Tune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Upgrading Firmware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Remote Operation Preferences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

GPIB Address and Remote Language. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Configuring the LAN Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Enabling LAN Services: “Browser,” “Sockets,” and “VXI–11” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Configuring the Remote Languages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Configuring the Preset Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Enabling an Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Viewing Options and Licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

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Hardware Assembly Installation and Removal Softkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

3. Basic Operation

Presetting the Signal Generator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Viewing Key Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Entering and Editing Numbers and Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Entering Numbers and Moving the Cursor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Entering Alpha Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Example: Using a Table Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Setting Frequency and Power (Amplitude) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Example: Configuring a 700 MHz, −20 dBm Continuous Wave Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Using an External Reference Oscillator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Setting ALC Bandwidth Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Configuring a Swept Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Routing Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Step Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

List Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Example: Using a Single Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Example: Manual Control of Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Modulating the Carrier Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Simultaneous Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Working with Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

File Softkeys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Viewing a List of Stored Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Storing a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Loading (Recalling) a Stored File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Moving a File from One Media to Another . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Working with Instrument State Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Selecting the Default Storage Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Reading Error Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Error Message Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Contents

4. Optimize Performance

Using the Dual Power Meter Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Example: Dual Power Meter Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Using the USB Pass Through Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Using the Power Meter Servo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Power Meter Servo Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Using Flatness Correction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Creating a User Flatness Correction Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Recalling and Applying a User Flatness Correction Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Using Internal Channel Correction (N5172B/82B Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Configure Internal Channel Correction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

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Perform Enhanced Factory Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Using External Leveling (N5173B/83B Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Option 1E1 Output Attenuator Behavior and Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Configure External Leveling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Using Unleveled Operating Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

ALC Off Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Power Search Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Using an Output Offset, Reference, or Multiplier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Setting an Output Offset. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Setting an Output Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Setting a Frequency Multiplier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Using the Frequency and Phase Reference Softkeys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Using Free Run, Step Dwell, and Timer Trigger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Understanding Free Run, Step Dwell, and Timer Trigger Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Using a USB Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

5. Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302)

Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

To set the VOR mode that produces a full or partial VOR signal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

To set the VOR carrier frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

To set the VOR bearing angle between the VAR signal and the REF signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

To set the VOR bearing direction as From or To . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

To set the frequency of the reference signal (REF Freq) and the variable phase signal (VAR Freq) . . . . . . . . 119

To set the amount of FM deviation that the 30 Hz reference signal (REF Freq) applies on the sub-carrier. . 119

To set the AM depth of the variable phase signal (VAR Freq) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

To set the frequency of the sub-carrier signal (SubCarrier Freq). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

To set the sub-carrier AM depth that modulates the VOR carrier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

To set or return the VOR subsystem parameters to a default state. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Example of Setting All VOR Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Using COM/ID Softkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

To set the COM/ID on or off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

To set the COM/ID type between Code or Tone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

To set the COM/ID 3-character code (airport identification code) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

To set the COM/ID tone/code modulating frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

To set the COM/ID tone AM depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

To set or return the COM/ID parameters to a default state. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Example of Setting All COM/ID Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Using ILS Localizer Softkeys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

To set the ILS Localizer mode to produce a full or partial signal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

To set the ILS Localizer carrier frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

To set the ILS Localizer left frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

To set the ILS Localizer right frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

To set the ILS Localizer phase of the right signal relative to the left. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

To set the ILS Localizer DDM polarity to fly left or fly right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

To set the ILS Localizer DDM value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

To set the ILS Localizer DDM value in micro-amps (μA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

To set the ILS Localizer DDM value as a percentage (%). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

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To set the ILS Localizer SDM value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

To set or return the ILS Localizer parameters to a default state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Example of Setting All ILS Localizer Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

To set the ILS Glide Slope mode to produce a full or partial signal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

To set the ILS Glide Slope carrier frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

To set the ILS Glide Slope up frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

To set the ILS Glide Slope down frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

To set the ILS Glide Slope phase of the down signal relative to the up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

To set the ILS Glide Slope DDM polarity to fly up or fly down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

To set the ILS Glide Slope DDM value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

To set the ILS Glide Slope DDM value in micro-amps (μA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

To set the ILS Glide Slope DDM value in percentage (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

To set the ILS Glide Slope SDM value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

To set or return the ILS Glide Slope parameters to a default state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Example of Setting All ILS Glide Slope Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Using ILS Marker Beacon Softkeys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

To set the ILS Marker Beacon mode to off, inner, middle, or outer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

To set the ILS Marker Beacon carrier frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

To set the ILS Marker Beacon AM depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

To set the ILS Marker Beacon inner marker frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

To set the ILS Marker Beacon middle marker frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

To set the ILS Marker Beacon outer marker frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

To set or return the ILS Marker Beacon parameters to a default state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Example of Setting All ILS Marker Beacon Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

6. Analog Modulation (Option UNT)

Analog Modulation Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Analog Modulation Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Using an Internal Modulation Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Using an External Modulation Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Removing an External Source DC Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Using Wideband AM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Configuring the LF Output (Option 303) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

LF Out Modulation Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Configuring the LF Output with an Internal Modulation Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Configuring the LF Output with a Function Generator Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

7. Pulse Modulation (Options UNW and 320)

Pulse Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

The Basic Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

Pulse Train (Options UNW and 320) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

8. Basic Digital Operation—No BBG Option Installed

I/Q Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

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Configuring the Front Panel Inputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

9. Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657)

Waveform File Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Signal Generator Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Dual ARB Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Storing, Loading, and Playing a Waveform Segment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Loading a Waveform Segment into BBG Media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Storing/Renaming a Waveform Segment to Internal or USB Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Playing a Waveform Segment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Waveform Sequences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Creating a Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Viewing the Contents of a Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Editing a Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Playing a Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Saving a Waveform’s Settings & Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Viewing and Modifying Header Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Viewing & Editing a Header without Selecting the Waveform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Using Waveform Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Waveform Marker Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Accessing Marker Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Viewing Waveform Segment Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Clearing Marker Points from a Waveform Segment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Setting Marker Points in a Waveform Segment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Viewing a Marker Pulse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

Using the RF Blanking Marker Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

Setting Marker Polarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Controlling Markers in a Waveform Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Using the EVENT Output Signal as an Instrument Trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Triggering a Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Trigger Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Trigger Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Example: Segment Advance Triggering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

Example: Gated Triggering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Example: External Triggering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Clipping a Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

How Power Peaks Develop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

How Peaks Cause Spectral Regrowth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

How Clipping Reduces Peak–to–Average Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

Configuring Circular Clipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Configuring Rectangular Clipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Scaling a Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

How DAC Over–Range Errors Occur. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

How Scaling Eliminates DAC Over–Range Errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Setting Waveform Runtime Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

Setting Waveform Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Setting the Baseband Frequency Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

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DAC Over–Range Conditions and Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

I/Q Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Using the Rear Panel I and Q Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Configuring the Front Panel Inputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

I/Q Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

I/Q Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Using the Equalization Filter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters in the Dual ARB Real-Time Modulation Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Creating a User–Defined FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Modifying a FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Loading the Default Gaussian FIR File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Modifying the Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Storing the Filter to Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

Setting the Real-Time Modulation Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Understanding the Master/Slave System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

Equipment Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Configuring the Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Making Changes to the Multiple Synchronization Setup

and Resynchronizing the Master/Slave System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

Understanding Option 012 (LO In/Out for Phase Coherency)

with Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Configuring the Option 012 (LO In/Out for Phase Coherency) with MIMO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Real-Time Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Waveform Licensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

Understanding Waveform Licensing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

Installing an Option N5182-22x or Option N5182B–25x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

Licensing a Signal Generator Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

10. Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004)

Clock Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

Clock and Sample Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

Clock Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Common Frequency Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Clock Timing for Parallel Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Clock Timing for Parallel Interleaved Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Clock Timing for Serial Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

Clock Timing for Phase and Skew Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Connecting the Clock Source and the Device Under Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Data Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

Output Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

Input Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

Setting up the Signal Generator Baseband Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

Accessing the N5102A Module User Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

Choosing the Logic Type and Port Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

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Selecting the Output Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

Selecting the Data Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

Configuring the Clock Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

Generating Digital Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

Accessing the N5102A Module User Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

Selecting the Input Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Choosing the Logic Type and Port Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Configuring the Clock Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

Selecting the Data Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

Digital Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

11. Baseband Operating Mode—Primary, BERT, or N5102A

To set the Baseband Operating Mode to BERT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

To set the Baseband Operating Mode to N5102A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

To set the Baseband Operating Mode to Primary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

12. BERT (Option UN7)

Bit Error Rate Tester–Option UN7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

Block Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

Clock Gate Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

Clock/Gate Delay Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

Clock Delay Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Gate Delay Function in the Clock Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Triggering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

Data Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

Repeat Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Testing Signal Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Verifying BERT Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

Measurement Setup Using Self-Test Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

Measurement Example Using Custom Digital Modulation (Requires Option 431) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

13. Real–Time Noise—AWGN (Option 403)

Adding Real–Time Noise to a Dual ARB Waveform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

Eb/No Adjustment Softkeys for Real Time I/Q Baseband AWGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Using Real Time I/Q Baseband AWGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

14. Real–Time Phase Noise Impairments (Option 432)

Real–Time Phase Noise Impairment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

Phase Noise Shape and Additive Phase Noise Impairments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

Understanding the Phase Noise Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

DAC Over–Range Conditions and Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354

15. Real–Time Fading (Option 660)

Using Real-Time Fading Softkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

To configure a Real-Time Fading simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

xii Keysight EXG and MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide

16. Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431)

Custom Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

ARB Custom Modulation Waveform Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Real-Time Custom Modulation Waveform Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Creating and Using Bit Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

Creating a User File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Renaming and Saving a User File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

Recalling a User File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Modifying an Existing User File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Applying Bit Errors to a User File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

Using Customized Burst Shape Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Understanding Burst Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Creating a User-Defined Burst Shape Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

Storing a User-Defined Burst Shape Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

Recalling a User-Defined Burst Shape Curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

Using Predefined Custom Digital Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

Creating a Custom Digital Modulation State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

Storing a Custom Digital Modulation State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382

Recalling a Custom Digital Modulation State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Defining a Modulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

Creating a Custom Multicarrier Digital Modulation State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

Storing a Custom Multicarrier Digital Modulation State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

Applying Changes to an Active Multicarrier Digital Modulation State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters with Custom Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

Understanding FIR Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

Creating a User–Defined FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396

Modifying a FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

Loading the Default Gaussian FIR File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

Modifying the Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

Storing the Filter to Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

Differential Encoding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

Using Differential Encoding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

Contents

17. Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms (Option 430)

Creating a Custom Two–Tone Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412

Creating a Custom Multitone Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412

Using Two–Tone Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

Two–Tone Modulation Softkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

Creating a Two–Tone Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

Viewing a Two–Tone Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

Minimizing Carrier Feedthrough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

Changing the Alignment of a Two–Tone Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

Using Multitone Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

Multitone Modulation Softkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

Initializing the Multitone Setup Table Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

Configuring Tone Powers and Tone Phases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

Keysight EXG and MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide xiii

Contents

Removing a Tone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

Generating the Waveform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

Configuring the RF Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

Applying Changes to an Active Multitone Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

18. Troubleshooting

Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

The Display is Too Dark to Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

The Display Turns Black when Using USB Media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

Signal Generator Lock–Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

RF Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

No RF Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Power Supply Shuts Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

No Modulation at the RF Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

RF Output Power too Low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Distortion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Signal Loss While Working with a Spectrum Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426

Signal Loss While Working with a Mixer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Cannot Turn Off Sweep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Sweep Appears Stalled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Incorrect List Sweep Dwell Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

List Sweep Information is Missing from a Recalled Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Amplitude Does Not Change in List or Step Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

Internal Media Data Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

Instrument State Saved but the Register is Empty or Contains the Wrong State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

USB Media Data Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

Instrument Recognizes USB Media Connection, but Does Not Display Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

Preset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

The Signal Generator Does Not Respond. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

Pressing Preset Performs a User Preset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

Error Message Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

Front Panel Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Self Test Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

A Time–Based License Quits Working . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

Cannot Load a Time–Based License. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

Contacting Keysight Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

Returning a Signal Generator to Keysight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

19. Working in a Secure Environment

How to Obtain the Security Features Document. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

Using Secure Display (Option 006) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438

Using Restricted Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

xiv Keysight EXG and MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide

Documentation Overview

Getting Started Guide

User’s Guide

— Safety Information — Receiving the Instrument — Environmental & Electrical Requirements —Basic Setup — Accessories — Operation Verification — Regulatory Information

— Signal Generator Overview — Preferences & Enabling Options — Basic Operation —Optimize Performance — Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) — Analog Modulation (Option UNT)

— Pulse Modulation (

Options UNW or 320)

— Basic Digital Operation—No BBG Option — Basic Digital Operation (

Options 653/655/656/657)

— Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003 /004) — Baseband Operating Mode—Primary, BERT, or N5102A

—BERT (Option UN7) — Real–Time Noise—AWGN (Option 403)

— Real–Time Phase Noise Impairments (Option 432)

— Real-Time Fading (Option 660) — Custom Digital Modulation (

Option 431)

— Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms (Option 430)

— Troubleshooting

— Working in a Secure Environment

Programming Guide

SCPI Reference

— Getting Started with Remote Operation — Using IO Interfaces — Programming Examples — Programming the Status Register System — Creating and Downloading Files — Creating and Downloading User–Data Files

—SCPI Basics — Basic Function Commands — System Commands — Analog Modulation Commands — Arb Commands — Avionics VOR/ILS Commands — Bit Error Rate Test (BERT) Commands — Digital Signal Interface Module Commands — Real-Time Commands

Programming Compatibility Guide

— Provides a listing of SCPI commands and programming codes for

signal generator models that are supported by the Keysight EXG and MXG X- Series signal generators.

Service Guide

— Troubleshooting — Replaceable Parts — Assembly Replacement — Post–Repair Procedures — Safety and Regulatory Information — Instrument History

Key Help

— Key function description — Related SCPI commands

a. Press the Help key, and then the key for which you wish help.

xvi

N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG

1 Signal Generator Overview

To avoid damaging or degrading the performance of the instrument, do not exceed 33 dBm (2W) maximum (27 dBm (0.5W) for N5173N/83B) of reverse power levels at the RF input. See also Tips for Preventing Signal Generator Damage on www.keysight.com.

— Signal Generator Features on page 2

— Modes of Operation on page 3

— Front Panel Overview on page 5

— Front Panel Display on page 9

Keysight X-Series Signal Generators

User’s Guide

— Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B) on page 12

— Rear Panel Overview (N5173B & N5183B) on page 21

Signal Generator Overview Signal Generator Features

Signal Generator Features

— N5171B/N5181B, RF analog models: 9 kHz to 1 (N5171B only), 3, or 6 GHz (Options 501, 503,

and 506 respectively)

— N5172B/N5182B, RF vector models: 9 kHz to 3 or 6 GHz (Options 503, and 506 respectively)

— N5173B/N5183B, Microwave analog models: 9 kHz to 13, 20, 31.8 or 40 GHz (Options 513, 520,

532, and 540 respectively)

— electronic attenuator (N5172B, N5172B, N5181B, N5182B)

— mechanical attenuator (N5173B or N5183B, Option 1E1)

— vector models can include waveforms in list sweep

— automatic leveling control (ALC)

— real-time modulation filtering

— 8648/ESG code compatible

— 10 MHz reference oscillator with external output

— two channel power meter display

— user settable maximum power limit

— user flatness correction

— external analog I/Q inputs (vector models)

— enhanced assembly replacement

— GPIB, USB 2.0, and 100Base–T LAN interfaces

— deep amplitude modulation providing greater dynamic range

— manual power search (ALC off)

— SCPI and IVI–COM driver

— multiple baseband generator synchronization when using multiple signal generators

(master/slave setup)

— with Signal Studio Software, vector models can generate 802.11 WLAN, W–CDMA, cdma2000,

1xEV–DO, GSM, EDGE, and more

— real-time baseband generator (Option 660)

— pulse train generator (Option 320)

— LF multifunction generator (Option 303)

— narrow pulse modulation, including internal pulse generator (Option UNW)

— analog differential I/Q outputs (vector models, Option 1EL)

— analog modulation: AM, FM, and ΦM (Option UNT)

— arbitrary I/Q waveform playback up to 200 MSa/s (vector models, Option 656/657)

2 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Signal Generator Overview

Modes of Operation

— external AM, FM, and ΦM inputs (Option UNT)

— Wideband AM (vector models, Option UNT)

— flexible reference input, 1 – 50 MHz (Option 1ER)

— LO In/Out for phase coherency (Option 012)

— phase noise interference (vector models, Option 432)

— expanded license key upgradability (Option 099)

For more details on hardware, firmware, software, and documentation features and options, refer to the data sheet shipped with the signal generator and available from the Keysight Technologies website at http://www.keysight.com/find/X-Series_SG.

Modes of Operation

Depending on the model and installed options, the Keysight X-Series signal generator provides up to four basic modes of operation: continuous wave (CW), swept signal, analog modulation, and digital modulation.

Continuous Wave

In this mode, the signal generator produces a continuous wave signal. The signal generator is set to a single frequency and power level. Both the analog and vector models can produce a CW signal.

Swept Signal

In this mode, the signal generator sweeps over a range of frequencies and/or power levels. Both the analog and vector models provide list and step sweep functionality.

Analog Modulation

In this mode, the signal generator modulates a CW signal with an analog signal. The analog modulation types available depend on the installed options.

Option UNT provides AM, FM, and ΦM modulations. Some of these modulations can be used together.

Option 303 provides a multifunction generator that consists of seven waveform generators.

Option UNW provides standard and narrow pulse modulation capability.

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 3

Signal Generator Overview Modes of Operation

Digital Modulation (Vector Models with Option 65x Only)

In this mode, the signal generator modulates a CW signal with an arbitrary I/Q waveform. I/Q modulation is only available on vector models. An internal baseband generator (Option 65x) adds the following digital modulation formats:

— Custom Arb Waveform Generator mode can produce a single–modulated carrier or multiple–

modulated carriers. Each modulated carrier waveform must be calculated and generated before it can be output; this signal generation occurs on the internal baseband generator. Once a waveform has been created, it can be stored and recalled, which enables repeatable playback of test signals. To learn more, refer to “Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator” on page 379.

— Custom Real-Time Waveform Generator mode can produce a single–modulated carrier or

multiple–modulated carriers. Each modulated carrier waveform must be calculated and generated before it can be output; this signal generation occurs on the internal baseband generator. Once a waveform has been created, it can be stored and recalled, which enables repeatable playback of test signals. To learn more, refer to “Using the Arbitrary Waveform

Generator” on page 379.

— Multitone mode produces up to 64 continuous wave signals (or tones). Like the Two Tone mode,

the frequency spacing between the signals and the amplitudes are adjustable. To learn more, refer to “Creating a Custom Multitone Waveform” on page 412.

— Two–tone mode produces two separate continuous wave signals (or tones). The frequency

spacing between the signals and the amplitudes are adjustable. To learn more, refer to Chapter

17, “Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms (Option 430).”.

— Dual ARB mode is used to control the playback sequence of waveform segments that have been

written into the ARB memory located on the internal baseband generator. These waveforms can be generated by the internal baseband generator using the Custom Arb Waveform Generator mode, or downloaded through a remote interface into the ARB memory. To learn more, refer to

“Dual ARB Player” on page 187.

4 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Front Panel Overview

22. Power Switch and LEDs

21. More and LED

20. Return

18. Knob

19. Incr Set

15. Page Down

16. I Input (vector models only)

17. Q Input (vector models only)

12. RF Output (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, N5182B)

13. RF On/Off and LED

14. Mod On/Off and LED

7. MENUS

11. Preset and User Preset

9. Local Cancel/(Esc)

5. Arrows and Select

6. Page Up

8. Trigger

4. Numeric Keypad

3. Softkeys

2. Display

1. Host USB

10. Help

Signal Generator Overview

Front Panel Overview

1. Host USB

Connector Type A USB Protocol 2.0

Use this universal serial bus (USB) to connect a USB Flash Drive (UFD) for data transfer. You can connect or disconnect a USB device without shutting down or restarting the signal generator. The instrument also has a rear panel device USB connector (see page 14) used to remotely control the instrument.

2. Display

The LCD screen provides information on the current function. Information can include status indicators, frequency and amplitude settings, and error messages. Labels for the softkeys are located on the right hand side of the display. See also, “Front Panel Display” on page 9.

3. Softkeys

A softkey activates the function indicated by the displayed label to the left of the key.

4. Numeric Keypad

The numeric keypad comprises the 0 through 9 hardkeys, a decimal point hardkey, a minus sign hardkey, and a backspace hardkey. See “Entering and Editing Numbers and Text” on page 41.

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 5

Signal Generator Overview

See page62

See page56

See page43

See page159

See page169

Active only on vector models.

See page43

See page46

See page25

See page165

See

page185

See page68

See page70

Front Panel Overview

5. Arrows and Select

The Select and arrow hardkeys enable you to select items on the signal generator’s display for editing. See “Entering and Editing Numbers and Text” on page 41.

6. Page Up

In a table editor, use this hardkey to display a previous page. See “Example: Using a Table Editor”

on page 42. When text does not fit on one page in the display area, use this key in conjunction with

the PageDown key (page 7) to scroll text.

7. MENUS

These hardkeys open softkey menus that enable you to configure instrument functions or access information.

8. Trigger

When trigger mode is set to Trigger Key, this hardkey initiates an immediate trigger event for a function such as a list or step sweep.

9. Local Cancel/(Esc)

This hardkey deactivates remote operation and returns the signal generator to front panel control, cancels an active function entry, and cancels long operations (such an IQ calibration).

10. Help

Use this key to display a description of any hardkey or softkey. See “Viewing Key Descriptions” on

page 40.

6 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Signal Generator Overview

Front Panel Overview

11. Preset and User Preset

These hardkeys set the signal generator to a known state (factory or user–defined). See “Presetting

the Signal Generator” on page 40.

12. RF Output (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, N5182B)

Connector Standard:

Option 1EM: Impedance:

Damage Levels 50 Vdc, 2 W maximum RF power

female Type–N Rear panel output 50 Ω

12. RF Output (N5173B, N5183B)

Connector Option 513/520:

Option 532/540: Option 1ED Option 1EM: Impedance:

Damage Levels 0 Vdc, 0.5 W maximum RF power

male Precision APC-3.5 male Precision 2.4 mm female Type–N Rear panel output 50 Ω

13. RF On/Off and LED

This hardkey toggles the operating state of the RF signal present at the RF OUTPUT connector. The RF On/Off LED lights when RF output is enabled.

14. Mod On/Off and LED

This hardkey enables or disables the modulation of the output carrier signal by an active modulation format. This hardkey does not set up or activate a format (see “Modulating the Carrier

Signal” on page 54).

The MOD ON/OFF LED lights when modulation of the output is enabled.

15. Page Down

In a table editor, use this hardkey to display the next page. See “Example: Using a Table Editor” on

page 42. When text does not fit on one page in the display area, use this key in conjunction with the PageUp key (page 6) to scroll text.

16. I Input (vector models only)

Connector Type: female BNC Impedance: 50 Ω Signal An externally supplied analog, in–phase component of I/Q modulation.

The signal level is = 0.5 V

Damage Levels 1 V

rms

See also, “I/Q Modulation” on page 245.

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 7

for a calibrated output level.

rms

Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Overview

17. Q Input (vector models only)

Connector Type: female BNC Impedance: 50 Ω Signal An externally supplied analog, quadrature–phase component of I/Q modulation.

The signal level is = 0.5 V

Damage Levels 1 V

See also, “I/Q Modulation” on page 245.

rms

for a calibrated output level.

rms

18. Knob

Rotating the knob increases or decreases a numeric value, or moves the highlight to the next digit, character, or item in a list. See also, “Front Panel Knob Resolution” on page 28.

19. Incr Set

This hardkey enables you to set the increment value of the currently active function. The increment value also affects how much each turn of the knob changes an active function’s value, according to the knob’s current ratio setting (see “Front Panel Knob Resolution” on page 28).

20. Return

This hardkey enables you to retrace key presses. In a menu with more than one level, the Return key returns to the prior menu page.

21. More and LED

When a menu contains more softkey labels than can be displayed, the More LED lights and a More message displays below the labels. To display the next group of labels, press the More hardkey.

22. Power Switch and LEDs

This switch selects the standby mode or the power on mode. In the standby position, the yellow LED lights and all signal generator functions deactivate. The signal generator remains connected to the line power, and some power is consumed by some internal circuits. In the on position, the green LED lights and the signal generator functions activate.

8 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Signal Generator Overview

5. Error Message Area

6. Text Area

7. Softkey Label Area

4. Amplitude Area

3. Annunciators

2. Frequency Area

1. Active Function Area

Scroll Bar If there is more text than can be displayed on one screen, a scroll bar appears here. Use the Page Up and Page Down keys to scroll through the text.

Front Panel Display

1. Active Function Area

This area displays the currently active function. For example, if frequency is the active function, the current frequency setting appears. If the currently active function has an increment value associated with it, that value also appears.

2. Frequency Area

This area displays the current frequency setting.

3. Annunciators

Annunciators show the status of some of the signal generator functions, and indicate error conditions. An annunciator position may be used by more than one annunciator; in this case, only one of the functions sharing a given position can be active at a given time.

This annunciator appears when...

ΦM Phase modulation is on. If you turn frequency modulation on, the FM annunciator replaces ΦM. ARB The ARB generator is on. ARB is running and not waiting on a trigger. ALC OFF The ALC circuit is disabled. The UNLEVEL annunciator appears in the same position if the ALC is enabled and

is unable to maintain the output level.

AM Amplitude modulation is on. ARMED A sweep has been initiated and the signal generator is waiting for the sweep trigger event. ATTNHOLD The attenuator hold function is on. When this function is on, the attenuator is held at its current setting. AWGN Real Time I/Q Baseband additive white Gaussian noise is on. BBG DAC A DAC overflow is occurring, adjust the runtime scaling adjust until the BBG DAC annunciator turns off.

CHANCORR The internal channel correction is enabled. DETHTR The ALC detector heater is not up to temperature. To meet ALC specifications the heater must be at

DIGBUS The digital bus is in use.

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 9

Another annunciator, UNLOCK, appears in the same position and has priority over the BBG DAC annunciator (see UNLOCK, below).

temperature.

Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Display

This annunciator appears when...

DIGMOD Custom Arb waveform generator is on. ERR An error message is placed in the error queue. This annunciator does not turn off until you either view all of the

error messages or clear the error queue (see “Reading Error Messages” on page68).

EXTREF An external frequency reference is applied. FM Frequency modulation is on. If you turn phase modulation on, the ΦM annunciator replaces FM. I/Q I/Q vector modulation is on. L The signal generator is in listener mode and is receiving information or commands over the GPIB, USB, or VXI–

11/Sockets (LAN) interface.

M–TONE Multitone waveform generator is on. MULT A frequency multiplier is set (see “Setting a Frequency Multiplier” on page108). OFFS An output offset is set (see “Setting an Output Offset” on page106). PN Phase noise interference is on. PULSE Pulse modulation is on. R The signal generator is remotely controlled over the GPIB, USB, or VXI–11/Sockets (LAN) interface. When the

signal generator is in remote mode, the keypad is locked out. To unlock the keypad, press Local (see page 6).

REF An output reference is set (see “Setting an Output Reference” on page107). RF OFF The signal generator’s RF Output is not enabled. S The signal generator has generated a service request (SRQ) over the GPIB, USB, or VXI–11/Sockets (LAN)

interface.

SWEEP The signal generator is currently sweeping in list or step mode. SWMAN The signal generator is in manual sweep mode. T The signal generator is in talker mode and is transmitting information over the GPIB, USB, or VXI–11/Sockets

(LAN) interface.

T–TONE Two–Tone waveform generator is on. UNLEVEL The signal generator is unable to maintain the correct output level. This is not necessarily an indication of

instrument failure; unleveled conditions can occur during normal operation. Another annunciator, ALC OFF, appears in the same position when the ALC circuit is disabled (see ALC OFF, above).

UNLOCK Any of the phase locked loops cannot maintain phase lock. To determine which loop is unlocked, examine the

error messages (see “Reading Error Messages” on page68).

WATRG The current modulation mode is waiting on the Arb trigger. WINIT The signal generator is waiting for you to initiate a single sweep.

4. Amplitude Area

This area displays the current output power level setting (If the RF Output is off, this area is greyed out).

5. Error Message Area

This area displays abbreviated error messages. If multiple messages occur, only the most recent message remains displayed. See “Reading Error Messages” on page 68.

6. Text Area

This area displays signal generator status information, such as the modulation status, and other information such as sweep lists and file catalogs. This area also enables you to perform functions such as managing information (entering information, and displaying or deleting files).

10 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Signal Generator Overview

Front Panel Display

7. Softkey Label Area

This area displays labels that define the function of the softkeys located immediately to the right of the display. Softkey labels change, depending on the function selected.

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 11

Signal Generator Overview

4. SWEEP OUT

2. EXT 1 & EXT 2

5. PULSE

6. TRIG 1 & 2

7. REF IN

9. GPIB

10. LAN

11. Device USB

8. 10 MHz OUT

1. AC Power Receptacle

Option 1EM only See page7

Digital Modulation Connectors (Vector Models Only) on page 15

12. Host USB

13. SD Card

3. LF OUT

Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B)

1. AC Power Receptacle

The AC power cord receptacle accepts a three–pronged AC power cord that is supplied with the signal generator. For details on line setting requirements and the power cord, see the Getting

Started Guide.

To avoid the loss of data, GPIB settings, or current user instrument states that have not been permanently saved to nonvolatile memory, the signal generator should always be powered down either via the instrument’s front panel power button or the appropriate SCPI command. Signal generators installed in rack systems and powered down with the system rack power switch rather than the instrument’s front panel switch display a Error -310 due to the instrument not being powered down correctly.

12 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B)

2. EXT 1 & EXT 2

Connector female BNC Impedance nominally 50 Ω Signal An externally supplied ±1 V

Damage Levels 5 V

and 10 V

rms

signal that produces the indicated depth.

3. LF OUT

Connector female BNC Impedance 50 Ω Signal Voltage range: 0 to +5 V

Offset: -5 V to +5 V, nominal

For more information, see page

165.

4. SWEEP OUT

Signal Generator Overview

Connector female BNC

Can drive 2 kΩ.

Signal Voltage range: 0 to +10 V, regardless of sweep width

In swept mode: beginning of sweep = 0 V; end of sweep = +10 V In CW mode: no output

This is a multiple use connector. For signal routing selections, see pages

Impedance <1 Ω

47 and 169.

5. PULSE

Connector female BNC Impedance nominally 50 Ω Signal Externally supplied: +1 V = on; 0 V = off Damage Levels ≤ −0.3 and ≥+5.3 V

6. TRIG 1 & 2

Connector female BNC Impedance high Z Signal An externally supplied TTL or CMOS signal for triggering operations, such as point to point in

manual sweep mode or an LF sweep in external sweep mode. Triggering can occur on either the positive or negative edge.

Damage Levels ≤ −0.5 and ≥+5.5 V

7. REF IN

Connector female BNC Impedance nominally 50 Ω Signal An externally supplied −3.5 to +20 dBm signal from a timebase reference that is within ±1 ppm.

In its factory default mode, the signal generator can detect a valid reference signal at this connector and automatically switch from internal to external reference operation. See “Presetting

the Signal Generator” on page 40. With Option 1ER (flexible reference input), you must explicitly

tell the signal generator the external reference frequency you wish to use; enter the information through the front panel or over the remote interface.

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 13

Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B)

8. 10 MHz OUT

Connector female BNC Impedance nominally 50 Ω Signal A nominal signal level greater than 4 dBm.

9. GPIB

This connector enables communication with compatible devices such as external controllers, and is one of three connectors available to remotely control the signal generator (see also 10. LAN and

11. Device USB).

10. LAN

The signal generator supports local area network (LAN) based communication through this connector, which enables a LAN–connected computer to remotely program the signal generator. The LAN interface supports auto–MDIX. The signal generator is limited to 100 meters on a single cable (100Base–T). For more information on the LAN, refer to the Programming Guide.

11. Device USB

Connector Type B USB Protocol Version 2.0

Use this universal serial bus (USB) connector to connect a PC to remotely control the signal generator.

12. Host USB

Connector Type A USB Protocol 2.0

Use this universal serial bus (USB) to connect a USB Flash Drive (UFD) for data transfer. You can connect or disconnect a USB device without shutting down or restarting the signal generator.

13. SD Card

Holds the Secure Digital (SD) nonvolatile memory card.

14 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Signal Generator Overview

IQI

Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B)

Digital Modulation Connectors (Vector Models Only)

I OUT, Q OUT, OUT, OUT

OUT and OUT, require Option 1EL.

Connector Type: female BNC Impedance: 50 Ω

DC–coupled Signal I OUT The analog, in–phase component of I/Q modulation from the internal baseband generator. Q OUT The analog, quadrature–phase component of I/Q modulation from the internal baseband

generator.

OUT

Damage Levels > 1 Vrms DC Origin

Output Signal Levels into a 50 Ω Load

Used in conjunction with the I OUT connector to provide a balanced

Used in conjunction with the Q OUT connector to provide a balanced

Offset

—0.5 V

— 0.69 V

alpha = 0.5

— 0.71 V

alpha = 0.35

—Typically 1 V

, typical, corresponds to one unit length of the I/Q vector

(2.84 dB), typical, maximum crest factor for peaks for π/4 DQPSK,

(3.08 dB), typical, maximum crest factor for peaks for π/4 DQPSK,

maximum

p–p

typically <10 mV

baseband stimulus.

a. Balanced signals are signals present in two separate conductors that are symmetrical relative

to ground, and are opposite in polarity (180 degrees out of phase).

BB TRIG 1 & BB TRIG 2

Connector female BNC Impedance nominally 50 Ω Signal Reserved for arbitrary and real-time baseband generators I/O, such as markers or trigger inputs.

EVENT 1

Connector female BNC Impedance: nominally 50 Ω Signal A pulse that can be used to trigger the start of a data pattern, frame, or timeslot.

Adjustable to ± one timeslot; resolution = one bit

Markers

Each Arb–based waveform point has a marker on/off condition associated with it.

Marker 1 level = +3.3 V CMOS high (positive polarity selected); –3.3 V CMOS low (negative

polarity selected).

Output on this connector occurs whenever Marker 1 is on in an Arb–based waveform (see

“Using Waveform Markers” on page203).

Damage Levels < −4 and > +8 V

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 15

Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B)

PAT TRIG

Connector female BNC Signal A TTL/CMOS low to TTL/CMOS high, or TTL/CMOS high to TTL/CMOS low edge trigger.

The input to this connector triggers the internal digital modulation pattern generator to start a

single pattern output or to stop and re–synchronize a pattern that is being continuously output.

To synchronize the trigger with the data bit clock, the trigger edge is latched, then sampled

during the falling edge of the internal data bit clock.

This is the external trigger for all ARB waveform generator triggers.

Minimum Trigger Input Pulse

Width

Minimum Trigger Delay (trigger edge to first bit of frame) = 1.5 to 2.5 bit clock periods

Damage Levels < −4 and > +8 V

(high or low) = 10 ns

DIGITAL BUS I/O

This is a proprietary bus used by Keysight Technologies signal creation software. This connector is not operational for general purpose use. Signals are present only when a signal creation software option is installed (for details, refer to http://www.keysight.com/find/signalcreation).

The X-Series’ Digital BUS I/O connector can be used for enabling operation with the Keysight Technologies N5106A PXB MIMO Receiver Teste r.

16 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Signal Generator Overview

The AUX I/O connector is a shielded .050 series

View looking into the rear panel

The AUX I/O mating connector manufacturer’s part number is 3M® 10136-3000 (wire mount plug).

Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B)

AUX I/O Connector

This female 36-pin connector is available only on instruments with an internal baseband generator (Option 653, 655, 656, 657). On signal generators without one of these options, this connector is not present.

The AUX I/O connector allows the X-Series signal generator to interface with external equipment by sending and/or receiving supplementary (auxiliary) signaling information. This information is non-RF related signaling such as:

— output markers to an external device from Arbitrary waveform playback sent to external

equipment to trigger or respond to waveform changes.

— output of signal markers to an external device from real-time signal generation personalities.

Signals such as frame markers, pulse-per-second, and even-second, for example, may be supported, depending on the signal generation personality (CDMA, 3GPP, GNSS, LTE, etc.).

— input signals from external devices under test to cause the signal generator to modify

characteristics of a signal being generated, depending on the signal generation personality (CDMA, 3GPP, LTE, etc.).

Table 1-1 on page 19 describes the inputs and outputs accessible through the AUX I/O connector.

The specific functions controllable by auxiliary signaling vary significantly from one real-time signal generation personality to another. Refer to the documentation for each real-time signal generation personality for additional information.

The AUX I/O connector supports standard 3.3V TTL signaling levels. Signals support data rates up to 50 MHz with minimum rise and fall times of 3ns. Any pins that are not connected will have a weak pull-up to 3.3V.

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 17

Signal Generator Overview

Markers (pins 1-4) Each Arb–based waveform point has a marker on/off condition associated with it. Each real-time signal can be routed to the output marker signals using SCPI commands or the real-time personalities. Marker level = +3.3 V high (positive polarity selected); 0V low (negative polarity selected).

Event 1 (pin 1) Pin 1 outputs a pulse that can be used to trigger the start of a data pattern, frame, or timeslot. Adjustable to ± one timeslot; resolution = one bit

Data Clock Out (pin 7)

Pin 7 is used with an internal baseband generator. This pin relays a CMOS bit clock signal for synchronizing serial data.

Data In (pin 23)

Pin 23 accepts an externally supplied CMOS-compatible signal data input used with digital modulation applications. The expected input is a CMOS signal where a CMOS high is equivalent to a data 1 and a CMOS low is equivalent to a data 0.

The maximum input data rate is 50 Mb/s. The data must be valid on the DATA CLOCK falling edges.

Symbol Sync In (pin 25)

Pin 25 accepts an externally supplied symbol sync signal for use with digital modulation applications.

Data Clock In (pin 29)

Pin 29 accepts an externally supplied CMOS-compatible signal data-clock input used with digital modulation applications. The expected input is a MCOS bit clock signal where the rising edge is aligned with the beginning data bit. The falling edge is used to clock the DATA and SYMBOL SYNC signals.

The maximum clock rate is 50 MHz.

Event 2 (pin 31) Pin 31 outputs data enable signal for gating external equipment. The output is applicable when the external data is clocked into internally generated timeslots. Data is enabled when the signal is low.

Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B)

18 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B)

Table 1-1 AUX I/O Connector Configuration

MXG and EXG AUX I/O Connector Configuration

Signal Generator Overview

ARB & ARB-Based Applications

Real-Time Custom Modulation

Real-Time Applications

BERT Capability

Pin # Input Output Input Output Input Output Input Output

1 Marker(1) Event 1 Marker(1)

2 Marker(2) Marker(2)

3 Marker(3) Marker(3)

4 Marker(4) Marker(4)

6AUX

Strobe

7 Data

Clock

10MHz Clock

Output

8AUX(0)

9 AUX(1)

10 AUX(2)

11 AUX(3)

12 AUX(4)

13 AUX(5)

14 AUX(6) AUX I/O

15 AUX(7) BER Meas

End

16 AUX(8) BER Sync

Loss

17 AUX(9) BER Test

Out

18 AUX(10) BER Gate

Out

19 AUX(11) BER No

Data

20 GND GND GND GND GND GND

21 AUX(12)

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 19

Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B)

Table 1-1 AUX I/O Connector Configuration

MXG and EXG AUX I/O Connector Configuration

ARB & ARB-Based Applications

Pin # Input Output Input Output Input Output Input Output

22 GND GND GND GND GND GND

23 Data

24 GND GND GND GND GND GND

25 Symbol

26 GND GND GND GND GND GND

27 Burst

28 GND GND GND GND GND GND

29 Data

30 GND GND GND GND GND GND

Real-Time Custom Modulation

Input

Sync Input

Input

Clock Input

Real-Time Applications

AUX(13)

AUX(14)

AUX(15)

BERT Capability

AUX Sample Clock

31 Event 2

32 GND GND GND GND GND GND

33 Data Out AUX

Out(1)

34 GND GND GND GND GND GND

35 Symbol

Sync Output

36 GND GND GND GND GND GND

AUX Out(2)

a. Settings shown are for the Error Out signal configuration of the AUX I/O connector (BERT > I/O

Setup > Aux I/O Out). Press the Help hardkey, then either Reference Out or PN9 Out for the respective signal configuration.

20 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Rear Panel Overview (N5173B & N5183B)

4. SWEEP OUT

2. EXT 1 & EXT 2

5. PULSE

6. TRIG 1 & 2

7. REF IN

9. GPIB

10. LAN

11. Device USB

8. 10 MHz OUT

1. AC Power Receptacle

Option 1EM only See page7

12. Host USB

13. SD Card

3. LF OUT

14. ALC INPUT

15. Z AXIS OUTPUT

1. AC Power Receptacle

Signal Generator Overview

Rear Panel Overview (N5173B & N5183B)

The AC power cord receptacle accepts a three–pronged AC power cord that is supplied with the signal generator. For details on line setting requirements and the power cord, see the Getting

Started Guide.

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 21

Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel Overview (N5173B & N5183B)

2. EXT 1 & EXT 2

Connector female BNC Impedance nominally 50 Ω Signal An externally supplied ±1 V

Damage Levels 5 V

and 10 V

rms

signal that produces the indicated depth.

3. LF OUT

Connector female BNC Impedance 50 Ω Signal Voltage range: 0 to +5 V

Offset: -5 V to +5 V, nominal

For more information, see page <PagenumOnlyCallout>165.

4. SWEEP OUT

Connector female BNC

Can drive 2 kΩ.

Signal Voltage range: 0 to +10 V, regardless of sweep width

In swept mode: beginning of sweep = 0 V; end of sweep = +10 V In CW mode: no output

This is a multiple use connector. For signal routing selections, see pages

Impedance <1 Ω

47 and 169.

5. PULSE

Connector female BNC Impedance nominally 50 Ω Signal Externally supplied: +1 V = on; 0 V = off Damage Levels ≤ −0.3 and ≥+5.3 V

6. TRIG 1 & 2

Connector female BNC Impedance high Z Signal An externally supplied TTL or CMOS signal for triggering operations, such as point to point in

manual sweep mode or an LF sweep in external sweep mode.

Triggering can occur on either the positive or negative edge. Damage Levels ≤ −0.5 and ≥+5.5 V

7. REF IN

Connector female BNC Impedance nominally 50 Ω Signal An externally supplied −3.5 to +20 dBm signal from a timebase reference that is within ±1 ppm.

In its factory default mode, the signal generator can detect a valid reference signal at this connector and automatically switch from internal to external reference operation. See “Presetting

the Signal Generator” on page 40. With Option 1ER (flexible reference input), you must explicitly

tell the signal generator the external reference frequency you wish to use; enter the information through the front panel or over the remote interface.

22 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Signal Generator Overview

Rear Panel Overview (N5173B & N5183B)

8. 10 MHz OUT

Connector female BNC Impedance nominally 50 Ω Signal A nominal signal level greater than 4 dBm.

9. GPIB

This connector enables communication with compatible devices such as external controllers, and is one of three connectors available to remotely control the signal generator (see also 10. LAN and

11. Device USB).

10. LAN

11. Device USB

Connector Type B USB Protocol Version 2.0

Use this universal serial bus (USB) connector to connect a PC to remotely control the signal generator.

12. Host USB

Connector Type A USB Protocol 2.0

Use this universal serial bus (USB) to connect a USB Flash Drive (UFD) for data transfer. You can connect or disconnect a USB device without shutting down or restarting the signal generator.

13. SD Card

Holds the Secure Digital (SD) nonvolatile memory card.

14. ALC INPUT

This input connector is used for negative external detector leveling.

Connector female BNC Impedance nominally 100 kΩ Signal -0.2 mV to -0.5 V Damage Levels -12 to 1 V

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 23

Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel Overview (N5173B & N5183B)

15. Z AXIS OUTPUT

This female BNC connector supplies a +5 V (nominal) level during retrace and band-switch intervals of a step or list sweep. During step or list sweep, this female BNC connector supplies a -5 V (nominal) level when the RF frequency is at a marker frequency and intensity marker mode is on. This signal is derived from an operational amplifier output so the load impedance should be greater than or equal to 5 kohms.1

Connector female BNC Impedance nominally 50 Ω Signal A nominal signal level greater than 4 dBm.

24 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Keysight X-Series Signal Generators

Display Settingson page 27

Front Panel Knob Resolutionon page 28

Power On and Preseton page 28

Enabling an Optionon page 37

GPIB Address and Remote Languageon page 31 Configuring the LAN Interfaceon page 32 Enabling LAN Services: “Browser,” “Sockets,” and “VXI–11”on page 32 Configuring the Remote Languageson page 33

User Preferences

Remote Operation Preferences

Setting Time and Dateon page 29

Upgrading Firmwareon page 31

Hardware Assembly Installation and Removal Softkeyson page 38

Reference Oscillator Tuneon page 30

N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG

User’s Guide

2 Preferences & Enabling Options

The Utility menu provides access to both user and remote operation preferences, and to the menus in which you can enable instrument options.

Preferences & Enabling Options User Preferences

User Preferences

From the Utility menu, you can set the following user preferences:

— Display Settings, below

— Power On and Preset on page28

— Front Panel Knob Resolution on page28

26 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Display Settings

Range: 0 to 100

Range: 1 to 12 hours, in 1 hour increments

Light Only: turns the display light off, leaving the text visible at a lo w inten sity. Light & Text: turns the display light and the text off.

If the display remains unchanged for long periods of time, use this mode to prevent the text from burning the display.

When on, commands executed through the remote control bus update the signal generator display accordingly.

Bright without color

Utility > Display

See also, Using Secure Display (Option 006)on page 438.

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

page438

Dark text on a light background.

Light text on a dark background.

Preferences & Enabling Options

User Preferences

X-Series signal generators are shipped from the factory with default display settings. Automated Test Environment (ATE) users may benefit from display settings other than the default settings. When the signal generator display is not required to be active for long periods of time, consider using the Screen Saver Mode to extend the life of the display.

With the brightness set to minimum, the display may be too dark to see the softkeys. If this happens, use the figure above to locate the brightness softkey and adjust the value so that you can see the display.

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 27

Preferences & Enabling Options

Select the GPIB language desired after a preset. See also, the Programming Guide and the SCPI Command Reference.

Utility > Power On/Preset

Restores persistent settings (those unaffected by a power cycle*, preset, or recall) to their factory defaults.

Available only when 8648 is either the selected preset language or the selected remote language (see page31).

Caution

To avoid the loss of data, GPIB settings, or current user instrument states that have not been permanently saved to nonvolatile memory, the X-Series signal generator should always be powered down either via the instrument’s front panel power button or the appropriate SCPI command. X-Series signal generators installed in rack systems and powered down with the system rack power switch rather than the instrument’s front panel switch display a Error -310 due to the instrument not being powered down correctly.

Note To define a user preset, set the instrument up as desired and press User Preset > Save User Preset.

Makes the increment value of the current function the active entry.

Utility >

Instrument Adjustments

The increment value and the step/knob ratio determine how much each turn of the knob changes the active function value.

For example, if the increment value of the active function is 10 dB and the step/knob ratio is 50 to 1, each turn of the knob changes the active function by 0.2 dB (1/50th of 10 dB).

To change the amount for each turn of the knob, modify the increment value, the step/knob ratio, or both.

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

page30.

page29.

Executes the ALC Modulator Bias Adjustment. When using the ALC in open loop mode, this compensates for open loop power drift due to temperatur e and humidity.

SCPI Commands: :CALibration:ALC:MODulator:BIAS

User Preferences

Power On and Preset

Front Panel Knob Resolution

28 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Preferences & Enabling Options

Utility > Instrument Adjustments >

Original time/date reference point

Time

New time/date reference point

User Preferences

Setting Time and Date

The signal generator’s firmware tracks the time and date, and uses the latest time and date as its time/date reference point.

Changing the time or date can adversely affect the signal generator’s ability to use time.

— based licenses, even if a time based license is not installed.

Figure 2-1

Setting the Time or Date Forward

If you set the time or date forward, be aware that you are using up any installed time–based licenses, and that you are resetting the signal generator’s time/date reference point. When you set a new time or date that is later than the signal generator’s current reference point, that date becomes the new reference point. If you then set the date back, you run the risk described in the next section.

Setting the Time or Date Backward

When you set the time back, the signal generator notes that the time has moved back from the reference point. If you set the time back more than a few hours, you disable the signal generator’s ability to use time–based licenses, even if there is no license installed at the time that you set the time back. In this case, you can re-enable the signal generator’s ability to use time–based licenses by moving the clock forward to the original time or simply waiting that length of time.

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 29

Preferences & Enabling Options

Tunes the internal VCTXCO oscillator frequency.

The user value offsets the factory tuned value (the value is added to the factory calibrated DAC value). The tune value of 0 sets the factory calibrated value.

The range; –8192 to 8192, can be set by using the front panel keypad, knob or remote command.

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Reference Oscillator Tune

30 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Preferences & Enabling Options

page32

NOTES USB is also available. It is not shown in the menu because it requires no configurati on. For details on using the instrument remotely, see the Programming Guide.

Select the desired language. This setting is not persistent and is cleared by performing an

instrument Preset. In most cases, it is best to use Utility > Power On/Preset > Language for a permanent language change. See

page33.

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Select On to view the associated SCPI command for a key press.

Select On to place a copy of every subsequent SCPI command executed in the log. Select Off to stop logging. Selecting Off do es not clear the log. Press the Clear SCPI Log softkey to clear the log.

Upgrading Firmware

For information on new firmware releases, go to http://www.keysight.com/find/upgradeassistant.

Remote Operation Preferences

For details on operating the signal generator remotely, refer to the Programming Guide.

GPIB Address and Remote Language

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 31

Preferences & Enabling Options

NOTES

Use a 100Base–T LAN cable to connect the signal generator to the LAN.

Use a crossover cable to connect the signal generator directly to a PC.

For details on using the instrument remotely, refer to the Programming Guide and to

www.keysight.com and search on FAQs: Hardware Configurations and Installation for the

Keysight MXG.

Utility > I/O Config

Values are listed in the

Programming Guide

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

page32.

Enable remote (browser) access to the instrument’s file system.

Use a browser to control the signal generator.

Utility > I/O Config

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

License Manager Server (On) allows updates of the instrument licenses, disable for additional instrument security.

For more information refer to the Programming Guide.

Remote Operation Preferences

Configuring the LAN Interface

Enabling LAN Services: “Browser,” “Sockets,” and “VXI–11”

32 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Configuring the Remote Languages

Utility > I/O Config

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Select the desired Remote language.

Refer to the SCPI Command Reference.

Figure 2-2 N5171B/72B/81B/82B

Preferences & Enabling Options

Remote Operation Preferences

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 33

Preferences & Enabling Options

Utility > I/O Config

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Select the desired Remote language.

Refer to the SCPI Command Reference.

Remote Operation Preferences

Figure 2-3 N5173B/83B

34 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Configuring the Preset Languages

Utility > Power On/Preset

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Select the desired Remote language.

page28

Refer to the SCPI Command Reference.

Figure 2-4 N5171B/72B/81B/82B

Preferences & Enabling Options

Remote Operation Preferences

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 35

Preferences & Enabling Options

Utility > Power On/Preset

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Select the desired Remote language.

page28

Refer to the SCPI Command Reference.

Remote Operation Preferences

Figure 2-5 N5173B/83B

36 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Preferences & Enabling Options

Utility > Instrument Info

Service Software Licenses

Waveform licenses from some

Instrument options appear here. A check mark means that an option is enabled.

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Signal Studio applications appear here.

appear here.

Enabling an Option

There are two ways to enable an option:

— Use the License Manager software utility:

1. Run the utility and follow the prompts.

2. Download the utility from www.keysight.com/find/LicenseManager and select license (.lic)

files from an external USB Flash Drive (UFD).

— Use SCPI commands, as described in the Programming Guide.

Viewing Options and Licenses

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 37

Preferences & Enabling Options

Utility > More 2 of 2 >

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Verify output attenuator operation using a power meter at the RF Output.

Select either Enhanced Factory

Calibration or Factory Calibration

to calibrate your instrument.

The Enhanced Factory Calibration requires a spectrum analyzer in addition to a power meter.

The Factory Calibration uses only a power meter.

Whether a softkey is available depends on the model of signal generator.

Hardware Assembly Installation and Removal Softkeys

38 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Keysight X-Series Signal Generators

N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG

User’s Guide

3 Basic Operation

This chapter introduces fundamental front panel operation. For information on remote operation, refer to the Programming Guide.

— Presetting the Signal Generator on page 40

— Viewing Key Descriptions on page 40

— Entering and Editing Numbers and Text on page 41

— Setting Frequency and Power (Amplitude) on page 43

— Setting ALC Bandwidth Control on page 45

— Configuring a Swept Output on page 46

— Modulating the Carrier Signal on page 54

— Working with Files on page 56

— Reading Error Messages on page 68

Basic Operation

To return the signal generator to a known state, press either Preset or User Preset. Preset is the factory preset; User Preset is a custom preset** (see also, page28). To reset persistent settings (those unaffected by preset, user preset, or power cycle*),

press: Utility > Power On/Preset > Restore System Defaults.

*Caution

T o avoid the l oss of data, GP IB settings, or current user instrument stat es that ha ve not been per manently save d to nonvol atile memory , the instrument should always be powered down either via the instr ument's front pan el power but ton or the appr opriate SC PI command. instrument's installed in rack systems and powered down with the system rack power switch rather than the instrument's front panel switch display a Error -310 due to the instrument not being powered down correctly.

**You can create more than one user preset by giving each saved state file a different name (see Figure 3-9 on page66).

The Help hardkey enables you to display a description of any hardkey or softkey. To display help text:

1. Press Help.

2. Press the desired key. The help displays and the key’s normal function does not execute.

Presetting the Signal Generator

Viewing Key Descriptions

40 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Entering and Editing Numbers and Text

Up/down arrow keys increase/decrease a selected (highlighted) numeric value, and move the cursor vertically.

To specify a negative value, enter the negative sign either before or after

Backspace moves the cursor to the left, deleting characters as it goes.

Left/right arrow keys move the cursor horizontally.

Page up/down keys move tables of data up and down within the display area.

Use the number keys and decimal point to enter numeric data.

Note

: Rotating the knob increases or decreases a numeric value, changes a highlighted digit or character, or steps through lists or items in a row.

the numeric value (this key is a toggle).

For details on each key, see page40.

Use the Select hardkey to choose part of an entry, as when entering alpha characters. In some menus, the

Select key also acts as a terminator, and is

equivalent to the

Enter softkey.

See also “Front Panel Knob Resolution” on page28.

to move the cursor within the active value rather than within the alpha table, turn the alpha table off.

Add/edit comments for saved instrument state files (see page62).

Note: File names are limited to 25 characters.

Entering Numbers and Moving the Cursor

Basic Operation

Entering and Editing Numbers and Text

Entering Alpha Characters

Data entry softkeys appear in various menus. If their meaning is not clear in context, use the help key (described on

page 40) to display an explanation. Use the

softkey next to the alpha table for help on the table.

Selecting data that accepts alpha characters, displays one of the menus shown at right.

Use the arrow keys or knob to highlight the desired letter, then press the Select hardkey (or the softkey next to the alpha table). To correct errors, use Bk Sp or Clear Text.

To terminate the entry, press the Enter softkey.

A subset of this menu appears for hexadecimal characters. The character menu displays only the letters A through F (use the numeric keypad for other values).

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 41

Basic Operation

Cursor

Table Editor Softkeys

Table Editor Name

Table Items

Displays the active item as you edit it.

Highlighting indicates the selected item. To make this the active (editable) item, either press Select, or simply enter the desired value.

Table items are also called data fields.

Used to load, navigate, modify , an d store table item values. For details on each key, use the key help: Press the Help hardkey and then the desired key.

Active Function Area

Current / Total Number of Pages

Indicates that another menu is available; to display the second menu, press More.

(vector models only)

Entering and Editing Numbers and Text

Example: Using a Table Editor

Table editors simplify configuration tasks. The following procedure describes basic table editor functionality using the List Mode Values table editor.

1. Preset the signal generator: Press Preset.

2. Open the table editor: Press Sweep > More > Configure List Sweep.

The signal generator displays the editor shown in the following figure.

3. Highlight the desired item: use the arrow keys or the knob to move the cursor.

4. (Optional) Display the selected item in the active function area: Press Select.

5. Modify the value:

— If the value is displayed in the active function area, use the knob, arrow keys, or numeric

keypad to modify the value.

— If the value is not displayed in the active function area, use the numeric keypad to enter the

desired value (which then appears in the active function area).

6. Terminate the entry:

— If available, press the desired units. — If units are not displayed, press either Enter (if available) or Select.

The modified item is displayed in the table.

42 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Setting Frequency and Power (Amplitude)

page106

To display the next menu, press

More.

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

page44

Refer to the SCPI Command Reference.

Opens the Atten/ALC Control menu.

Enables the optimize signal-to-noise ratio state (Optimize S/N) On or Off. The optimize signal–to–noise softkey changes the attenuator and alc setting to provide optimal signal–to–noise performance; it does not change the RF output power. Caution: When the optimize signal-to-noise ratio state is enabled, some increased levels of harmonic distortion can occur. This increased harmonic distortion could degrade ACPR and EVM. Note: This mode is mutually exclusive with attenuator hold (Atten Hold), and any modulation type. A settings conflict error will be generated if attentuator hold or any modulation is activated when optimize signal–to–noise is active (On).

page45

This softkey sets a user determined maximum power level on the instrument that is persistent.

Available on vector models with BBG. Enables the instrument to select between two power levels with a hardware marker or using an external BNC.

page82

In Amplitude mode, this menu is automatically displayed when entering a numeric value with the front panel keypad.

In Frequency mode, this menu is automatically displayed when entering a numeric value with the front panel keypad.

Sets the current relative phase of the RF output signal as the zero reference. All subsequent adjustments are relative to this adjustment.

dBuVemf terminates the value as dBuV electromotive force. Emf is the output voltage with no load. This unit is external only. Internal representation as well as increment and decrement values are in dBm.

Note: dBuV, mV, and nVemf behave similarly (i.e. Values are external only. Internal representation as well as increment and decrement values are in dBm).

Enables the mode to improve non-harmonics performance (low spurs mode). Note: When this mode is enabled, the instrument switching speed and behavior of

the source’s settled signal are affected.

Modifies the attenuator and ALC settings for optimal performance. It does not change the RF output power.

Available on vector models.

Figure 3-1 Frequency and Amplitude Softkeys

Basic Operation

Setting Frequency and Power (Amplitude)

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 43

Basic Operation

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Range: 1 to 50 MHz For guaranteed operation below 2 MHz, select Narrow bandwidth; in Wide bandwidth, operation using frequencies below 2 MHz is not guaranteed.

Freq > More

Figure3-2 illustrates the better close in phase noise of the wide bandwidth mode. If the

external reference you are using is noisy or spurious, use the narrow bandwidth mode. With Wide bandwidth selected, if you select a frequency less than 2 MHz, the signal generator displays a warning message.

uses the signal generator’s internal reference oscillator. uses the REF IN connector to get it’s Frequency Reference. Note: An error

screen is displayed if the reference is not connected or is tuned to the wrong frequency.

uses the signal generator’s internal reference unless a signal is present at the rear panel REF IN connector. If an external signal is present, that signal is used as the reference.

uses the baseband generator clock (BBG) as the reference oscillator source. Available on vector models with BBG.

Setting Frequency and Power (Amplitude)

Example: Configuring a 700 MHz, −20 dBm Continuous Wave Output

1. Preset the signal generator.

The signal generator displays its maximum specified frequency and minimum power level (the front panel display areas are shown on page 9).

2. Set the frequency to 700 MHz: Press Freq > 700 > MHz.

The signal generator displays 700 MHz in both the FREQUENCY area of the display and the active entry area.

3. Set the amplitude to −20 dBm: Press Amptd > –20 > dBm.

The display changes to −20 dBm in the AMPLITUDE area of the display, and the amplitude value becomes the active entry. Amplitude remains the active function until you press another function key.

4. Turn on the RF Output: Press RF On/Off.

The RF Output LED lights, and a 700 MHz, −20 dBm CW signal is available at the RF OUTPUT connector.

Using an External Reference Oscillator

When using an external reference, you can select either narrow or wide bandwidth mode.

44 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Figure 3-2 Using an External Reference Oscillator

To display the next menu, press

More.

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Refer to the SCPI Command Reference.

Enables the automatic ALC bandwidth mode (Auto).

Basic Operation

Setting ALC Bandwidth Control

Figure 3-3 Amplitude Softkeys

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 45

Basic Operation

Sweep without waiting for a trigger at each point. Point Trigger pauses fo r the dw ell time prior to the first sweep. See

page110.

Apply a TTL/CMOS signal to the Trigger In connector.

Periodically issue a trigger event to whatever selects it as a source.

Using timer trigger with single sweep results in a delay prior to the first sweep. See page110.

Trigger on a remote command.

Down sweeps from stop to start frequency/amplitude.

Up sweeps from start to stop frequency/amplitude.

page49

The selected sweep type determines the displayed parameter. Selecting step sweep also displays the step spacing (Lin or Log).

On vector models: Available when Sweep Type = List

page53

During a sweep, the swept parameter (frequency, amplitude, or both) turns grey and changes as the parameter sweeps.

Progress Bar: Note that very fast sweeps can appear to sweep randomly or backward.

page47

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

page47

Configuring a Swept Output

The signal generator has two methods of sweeping through a set of frequency and amplitude points:

Step sweep (page 47) provides a linear or logarithmic progression from one selected frequency, amplitude, or both, to another, pausing at linearly or logarithmically spaced points (steps) along the sweep. The sweep can progress forward, backward, or manually.

List sweep (page 49) enables you to enter frequencies and amplitudes at unequal intervals, in nonlinear ascending, descending, or random order. List sweep also enables you to copy the current step sweep values, include an Arb waveform in a sweep (on a vector instrument), and save list sweep data in the file catalog (page 61).

Figure 3-4 Sweep Softkeys

46 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Basic Operation

These softkeys are only available for the vector models with a BBG.

Routes non Step or List Sweep signals (i.e. SCPI command development.

Source Settled is not affected by Trig Out

Polarity Neg Pos softkey

selection.

Routes Step or List Sweep

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Opens a menu for routing Markers 1 through 4 to the rear panel baseband BNC connectors.

Routes a signal to the Trig Out (Trig 1 or Trig 2) rear panel connectors as follows:

None: No signals are routed to Trig 1 or Trig 2 BNCs

Sweep Trigger Out: Sweep Trigger Out signal (trigger handshake)

Source Settled: Source Settled signal

Pulse Sync: Pulse Modulation Synchronization signal

Pulse Video: Pulse Modulation Video signal

LXI: LXI Trigger Output

Sweep Run: Sweep Run signal (sweep is running)

Other Trigger BNC: The signal on the other Trigger BNC

Pulse BNC: The signal on the PULSE IN BNC

Swept Func Done: Swept Function Sweep Done signal

Configuring a Swept Output

Routing Signals

Sweep > More > More > Route Connectors

Step Sweep

Step sweep provides a linear or logarithmic progression from one selected frequency, or amplitude, or both, to another, pausing at linearly or logarithmically spaced points (steps) along the sweep. The sweep can progress forward, backward, or be changed manually.

Figure 3-5 Signal Routing Softkeys

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 47

Basic Operation

Dwell Time = the time that the signal is settled and you can make a measurement before the sweep moves to the next point.

(Point to point time is the sum of the value set for the dwell plus processing time, switching time, and settling time.)

Lin = steps equally spaced over the sweep; the output changes linearly.

Log = step spacing increases logarithmically over the sweep; the output changes exponentially.

Step Sweep and List Sweep dwell times are set

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Sets the step size for a linear step sweep in frequency (the difference between frequency points).

NOTE: Setting the step size will determine the number of points in the step sweep based on the current start and stop frequencies. Due to the integer number of step points, the step size may be adjusted in order to yield a true linear sweep between the start and stop frequencies.

Enables protection for the mechanical attenuator by automatically turning on Atten Hold during frequency and/or power step sweeps.

This may cause unleveled RF output to occur for certain sweep configurations. Disabling this attenuator protection will allow the sweep to optimally set both the automatic leveling control (ALC) and output attenuation at each sweep point.

When the attenuator protection is disabled, the step dwell time will be set to a minimum of 50 ms as a precaution.

[:SOURce]:SWEep:ATTen:PROTection[:STATe] ON|OFF|1|0

Configuring a Swept Output

Figure 3-6 Sweep Softkeys

Example: Configuring a Continuous, Linear Step Sweep

Output: A signal that continuously sweeps from 500 to 600 MHz and from −20 to 0 dBm, with a dwell time of

500 ms at each of six equally spaced points

1. Preset the instrument and open the Sweep/List menu: Press Preset > SWEEP.

Because continuous is the default sweep repeat selection, and linear is the default step spacing selection, you do not need to set these parameters.

2. Open the step sweep menu: Press Configure Step Sweep.

3. Set the following parameters:

Start frequency 500 MHz:

Stop frequency 600 MHz:

Amplitude at the beginning of the sweep, −20 dBm:

Amplitude at the end of the sweep, 0 dBm:

6 sweep points:

Dwell time at each point, 500 milliseconds:

4. Sweep both frequency and amplitude: Press Return > Return > Sweep > Freq Off On > Amptd Off On.

48 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Press

Freq Start > 500 > MHz

Press Freq Stop > 600 > MHz

Press

Amptd Start > −20 > dBm

Press Amptd Stop > 0 > dBm.

Press

# Points > 6 > Enter

Press More > Step Dwell > 500 >

msec

Basic Operation

see page50

The selected sweep determines which dwell time the signal generator uses. Step Swe ep dwell time is the same at each point; List Sweep dwell time can be different at each point.

Dwell Time = the time that the signal is settled and you can make a measurement before the sweep moves to the next point.

Point–to–Point Time = the sum of the value set for the dwell plus processing time, switching time, and settling time.

Each line defines the corresponding point in the sweep. For example, line 1 defines point 1.

page47

Available only on vector models, and only when Sweep Type = List.

Displays the selected sweep type parameters (see page50)

Vector models only

page47

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Configuring a Swept Output

A continuous sweep begins, from the start frequency/amplitude to the stop frequency/amplitude. The SWEEP annunciator displays, and sweep progress is shown in the frequency display, the amplitude display, and the progress bar.

5. Turn the RF output on: Press RF On/Off.

The RF LED lights, and the continuous sweep is available at the RF Output connector.

List Sweep

List sweep enables you to enter frequencies and amplitudes at unequal intervals in nonlinear ascending, descending, or random order. List sweep also enables you to copy the current step sweep values, include a waveform in a sweep (on a vector instrument), and save list sweep data in the file catalog (page 61). Dwell time is editable at each point. For fastest switching speeds, use list sweep.

Figure 3-7 List Sweep Configuration Softkeys and Display

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 49

Basic Operation

Vector Models:

Presetting the list clears any previously selected waveforms.

For information on selecting a list sweep waveform, see “Example:

Editing List Sweep Points” on page50.

Waveforms are available only on vector models.

Configuring a Swept Output

Example: Configuring a List Sweep Using Step Sweep Data

1. Set up the desired step sweep, but do not turn the sweep on. This example uses the step sweep configured on page 48.

2. In the SWEEP menu, change the sweep type to list: Press SWEEP > Sweep Type List Step to highlight List.

The display shows sweep list parameters, as shown below.

3. Open the List Sweep menu: Press More > Configure List Sweep.

4. Clear any previously set values from the menu and load the points defined in the step sweep

into the list: Press More > Preset List > Preset with Step Sweep > Confirm Preset.

The display updates with the values loaded from the step sweep, as shown.

5. Sweep frequency and amplitude: Press SWEEP (hardkey) > Sweep > Freq Off On > Amptd Off On.

Setting the sweep turns on the sweep function; a continuous sweep begins. On the display, the SWEEP annunciator appears, and the progress bar shows the progression of the sweep.

6. If not already on, turn the RF output on: Press RF On/Off. The RF Output LED lights, and a continuous sweep is available at the RF OUTPUT connector.

Example: Editing List Sweep Points

If you are not familiar with table editors, refer to page 42.

1. Create the desired list sweep. This example uses the list sweep created in the previous example.

50 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Basic Operation

Either select a waveform,

page40

select no modulation.

Configuring a Swept Output

2. If sweep is on, turn it off. Editing list sweep parameters with sweep on can generate an error.

3. Ensure that the sweep type is set to list: Press SWEEP > Sweep Type List Step to highlight

List.

4. In the List Mode Values table editor, change the point 1 dwell time (defined in row 1) to 100 ms:

a. Press More > Configure List Sweep. b. Highlight the point 1 dwell time. c. Press 100 > msec.

The next item in the table (the frequency value for point 2) highlights.

5. Change the selected frequency value to 445 MHz: Press 445 > MHz.

6. Add a new point between points 4 and 5: Highlight any entry in row 4 and press Insert Row.

This places a copy of row 4 below row 4, creating a new point 5, and renumbers subsequent rows.

7. Shift frequency values down one row, beginning at point 5: Highlight the frequency entry in row 5, then press More > Insert Item.

This places a copy of the highlighted frequency value in row 6, shifting the original frequency values for rows 6 and 7 down one row. The new row 8 contains only a frequency value (the power and dwell time entries do not shift down).

8. Change the still active frequency value in row 5 to 590 MHz: Press 590 > MHz. The power in row 5 is now the active parameter.

9. Insert a new power value (−2.5 dBm) for point 5, and shift down the original power values for points 5 and 6 by one row: Press Insert Item > −2.5 > dBm.

10.To complete the entry for point 8, insert a duplicate of the point 7 dwell time by shifting a copy of the existing value down: Highlight the dwell time in row 7 and press Insert Item.

11.For an analog instrument, go to step 14. For a vector instrument, continue with step 12.

12.Select a waveform for point 2:

a. Highlight the waveform entry for point 2 and press the More > Select Waveform.

The signal generator displays the available waveforms, as shown in the following example.

b. Highlight the desired waveform (in this example, SI NE_TEST) and press either the

Select

hardkey or the Select Waveform softkey.

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 51

Basic Operation

The empty entry is equivalent to choosing CW (no modulation).

Configuring a Swept Output

13.As desired, repeat step 12 for the remaining points for which you want to select a waveform. The following figure shows an example of how this might look.

14.Turn sweep on: Press Return > Return > Return > Sweep > Freq Off On > Amptd Off On > Waveform Off On.

15.If it is not already on, turn the RF output on: Press RF On/Off.

The SWEEP annunciator appears on the display, indicating that the signal generator is sweeping, and the progress bar shows the progression of the sweep.

If the instrument is in manual sweep (page 53), the active row (row 6 in the figure above) is the selected (manual) point, and the signal generator outputs the settings for that selection when the RF output is on.

Example: Using a Single Sweep

1. Set up either a step sweep (page 48) or a list sweep (page 50).

2. In the List/Sweep menu, set the sweep repeat to single:

Press Sweep Repeat Single Cont to highlight Single.

Sweep does not occur until you trigger it. Note that the WINIT annunciator appears on the display, indicating that the sweep is waiting

to be initiated.

3. If not already on, turn the RF output on: Press RF On/Off.

4. Initiate the sweep: Press Single Sweep.

A single repetition of the configured sweep is available at the RF Output connector. As the signal generator sweeps, the SWEEP annunciator replaces WINIT on the display, and the

progress bar shows the progression of the sweep. At the end of the sweep, there is no progress bar, and the WINIT annunciator replaces SWEEP.

52 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Basic Operation

The parameters of the selected sweep point (point 3 of 6 in this example) define the signal av ailab le at the RF Output connector.

When you enter a manual point, the progress bar moves to and stops at the selected point.

The SWMAN annunciator indicates that the sweep is in manual mode.

When you turn manual mode on, the current sweep point becomes the manual point.

The currently sweeping parameter stops and displays the selected point.

Configuring a Swept Output

Example: Manual Control of Sweep

1. Set up either a step sweep (page 48) or a list sweep (page 50).

2. In the Sweep/List menu, select a parameter to sweep: Press Sweep > parameter > Return.

3. Select manual mode: Press More > Manual Mode Off On.

When you select manual mode, the current sweep point becomes the selected manual point.

4. If it is not already on, turn the RF output on: Press RF On/Off.

5. Select the desired point to output: Press Manual Point > number > Enter.

The progress bar changes to indicate the selected point.

6. Use the knob or arrow keys to move from point to point. As you select each point, the RF output changes to the settings in that selection.

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 53

Basic Operation

Annunciator indicates active AM modulation

AM format on

A lit LED indicates that any active modulation format can modulate the carrier.

Modulating the Carrier Signal

To modulate the carrier signal, you must have both

— an active modulation format

and

— modulation of the RF output enabled

Example

1. Preset the signal generator.

2. Turn on AM: Press AM > AM Off On (requires Option UNT).

You can turn on the modulation format before or after setting signal parameters.

The modulation format generates, but does not yet modulate the carrier signal.

Once the signal generates, an annunciator showing the name of the format appears, indicating that a modulation format is active.

3. Enable modulation of the RF output: Press the Mod On/Off key until the LED lights.

If you enable modulation without an active modulation format, the carrier signal does not modulate until you subsequently turn on a modulation format.

4. To make the modulated carrier available at the RF output connector, press the RF On/Off key until the LED lights.

To turn modulation

off, press the Mod On/Off key until the LED turns off.

When the Mod On/Off key is off, the carrier signal is not modulated, even with an active modulation format.

See also: “Analog Modulation (Option UNT)” on page159

“Pulse Modulation (Options UNW and 320)” on page169 “I/Q Modulation” on page245

54 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Simultaneous Modulation

The Keysight X-Series signal generators are capable of simultaneous modulation. All modulation types (AM, FM, fM, Pulse, and I/Q) may be simultaneously enabled, but there are some exceptions. Refer to Table 3-1.

Table 3-1 Simultaneous Modulation Type Combinations

Basic Operation

Modulating the Carrier Signal

AM--xxxx

Pulsexxx--x

I/Qxxxx--

FM fM

-- not applicable

not applicable

-- x x

Pulse

I/Q

a. Linear AM and Exponential AM cannot be enabled simultaneously. Refer to

Chapter 6.

b. Pulse modulation requires Option UNW. Refer to Chapter 7. c. FM and fM cannot be enabled simultaneously.

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 55

Basic Operation Working with Files

Working with Files

— File Softkeys on page 57

— Viewing a List of Stored Files on page 58

— Storing a File on page 60

— Loading (Recalling) a Stored File on page 61

— Moving a File from One Media to Another on page 62

— Working with Instrument State Files on page 62

— Selecting the Default Storage Media on page 67

The signal generator recognizes several types of files, such as instrument state files, license files, and list sweep files. Files can be stored either in the signal generator’s internal storage or on the USB media. This section provides an overview of how to navigate the signal generator’s file menus, and how to view, store, load, and move files.

The Keysight MXG and EXG nonvolatile internal memory is allocated according to a Microsoft compatible file allocation table (FAT) file system. Refer to the Programming Guide.

See also: Storing, Loading, and Playing a Waveform Segment on page 189.

56 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

File Softkeys

Instrument operating parameters (see page62).

Sweep data from the List Mode Values table editor.

User flatness calibration corrections.

Note: Available file ty pes depend on the installed options.

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Deletions require confirmation.

Available only with USB connected (i.e. Without external USB connected, softkeys are greyed out).

page67

This key changes, depending on the selected file. See

Shows the current director y

page62

Requires confirmation

The display indicates when the current directory is the default storage path. For information on setting the default storage path, see page67.

When you connect USB media to the instrument, the si gnal genera tor displays the USB Media menu and the message External USB Storage attached. When you disconnect the USB media, the message External USB Storage detached displays. When you open the External Media menu without US B m ed i a co nn ecte d, the signal generator displays the message External Media Not Detected.

The signal generator does not format USB media or change file permissions. Use a computer to perform these operations.

Available only when the current directory is not the top level directory.

Display internal or USB files, depending on the selected storage media.

page58

Displays IQ Files

Displays FSK Files

Displays FIR Files

Displays a list of Pulse Train files.

Displays Bit Files

page437

Basic Operation

Working with Files

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 57

Basic Operation

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Waveform files and their associated marker and header information.

Note: Available file type s depend on the installed options.

The selected file catalog and the storage media

Working with Files

ARB File Softkeys

Viewing a List of Stored Files

The information in this section is provided with the assumption that default storage media is set to Auto, as described on page 67.

Viewing a List of Files Stored in the Signal Generator

1. If USB media is connected, disconnect it. The signal generator’s storage media switches to

internal, so you can now use the file catalogs to see files stored in the signal generator.

2. Select the desired file catalog: Press File > Catalog Type > desired catalog (in this example, All). The selected files appear in alphabetical order by file name, as shown in the following

figure.

58 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Basic Operation

Use the Page Up and Page Down hardkeys to scroll

through the contents of the directory.

Working with Files

Viewing a list of Files Stored on USB Media

With USB media connected, you can view files on USB media using either the file catalogs, which can display only a selected type of file, or the USB File Manager, which displays all files.

Using the File Catalogs:

— With the USB media connected, select the desired file catalog: press > Catalog Type >

desired catalog. The selected files appear in alphabetical order by file name.

Using the USB File Manager:

— With USB media connected, open the USB File Manager: press File > More >

USB File Manager. The instrument displays the default directory on the USB Media, as shown in the following figure. Note that when you attach USB media, the display goes directly to this menu.

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 59

Basic Operation

Use this menu to enter the file name , as described on page41.

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

File Type List State Waveform User Flatness User Preset Pulse Train

Save From Sweep menu Save menu Mode menu Amplitude menu User Preset menu Pulse Train menu

File Length (including extension)

Internal Media: 25 characters

USB Media: 39 characters

Working with Files

Storing a File

Several menus enable you to store instrument parameters. For example, you can store instrument states, lists, and waveforms.

— An instrument state file contains instrument settings. For this type of file, use the Save hardkey

shown in Figure 3-8 on page 63.

— For other types of data, use the Load/Store softkey (shown below) that is available through the

menu used to create the file.

60 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Basic Operation

File Type List State Waveform User Flatness User Preset Pulse Train

Recall From Sweep menu Save menu Mode menu Amplitude menu User Preset menu Pulse Train menu

This key changes, depending on the selected file.

If the signal generator does not recognize the file, you must select how the file is to be used.

File Type List State Waveform User Flatness User Preset License Pulse Train

Extension .list .state .waveform .uflat .uprst .lic .ptrain

Pressing Select with file highlighted... loads list and starts sweep load instrument state loads and plays waveform loads and applies user flatness loads and executes user preset installs purchased license loads and applies pulse train

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Copy & Select User Flatness Copy & Play Waveform Copy & Play Sequence Enter Directory Recall Instrument State Load List Load Pulse Train Install licenses No action (USB disconnected) Use As

File > Catalog Type > <type> > More > USB File Manager or File > More > USB File Manager or Insert the USB media

Working with Files

Loading (Recalling) a Stored File

There are several ways to load (recall) a stored file.

— For an instrument state file, use the Recall hardkey shown in Figure 3-8 on page 63.

— For other types of data, use the Load/Store softkey (shown below) that is available through the

menu used to create the file.

Loading a File From USB Media

To load a file from USB media, use the USB file manager shown below.

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 61

Basic Operation

Selecting a waveform or an unknown file type displays this softkey.

File > Catalog Type > <type> > More > USB File Manager or File > More > USB File Manager or Insert the USB Flash Drive (UFD)

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

This key changes, depending on the selected file. See page61

Whether a menu is available depends on the selected file.

Requires confirmation

Catalog Type Menu

page57

Requires confirmation

Moves up one directory level

These softkeys are

These softkeys

If the file type is recognized the “Filename.xxx copied to Internal Storage” is displayed.

Working with Files

Moving a File from One Media to Another

Use the USB Media Manager to move files between USB and internal media.

Working with Instrument State Files

— Saving an Instrument State on page 64

— Saving a User Preset on page 64

— Recalling an Instrument State on page 64

— Recalling an Instrument State and Associated Waveform File on page 65

— Recalling an Instrument State and Associated List File on page 65

— Moving or Copying a Stored Instrument State on page 66

62 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Figure 3-8 Save and Recall Softkeys

When saved to the signal generator, instrument settings (states) save to instrument state memory*. Instrument state memory is divided into 10 sequences (0 through 9); each sequence comprises 100 registers (00 through 99).

Delete softkeys in the Save and Recall menus enable you to delete the contents of a specific register, or th e contents of all sequences in the state file catalog.

The signal generator requires that you confirm a deletion.

Caution

o avoid the loss of data, GPIB settings, or current user instrument states that have not been permanently saved to nonvolatile memory, the instrument should always be powered down either via the instrument's front panel power button or the appropriate SCPI command. instrument's installed in rack systems and powered down with the system rack power switch, rather than the instrument's front panel switch display a Error -310 due to the instrument not being powered down correctly.

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Table 3-2

Basic Operation

Working with Files

The following information is not stored in a state file:

System Security Level Sweep lists Hostname Remote

Step increment values

Language

System Security Level Display Pulse Train lists IP Address FTP Server ARB Files

System Security Level State Display State On/Off Subnet Mask Manual DHCP MAC

Web Server (HTTP) Files Default

Gateway

VXI–11 SCPI User Power

Correction

Sockets SCPI (TELNET) I/Q Calibration Data

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 63

Basic Operation Working with Files

Saving an Instrument State

1. Preset the signal generator and set the following:

• Frequency: 800 MHz • Amplitude: 0 dBm • RF: on

2. (Optional, vector models only) Associate a waveform file with these settings:

a. Press Mode > Dual ARB > Select Waveform. b. Highlight the desired file and press Select Waveform. If the file is not listed, you must first

move it from internal or external media to BBG media, see page 189.

3. Select the desired memory sequence (for this example, 1): Press Save > Select Seq > 1 > Enter.

4. Select the desired register (in this example, 01): Press Select Reg > 1 > Save Reg.

If a waveform is currently selected, saving the instrument state also saves a pointer to the waveform file name.

5. Add a descriptive comment to sequence 1 register 01:

Press Add Comment to Seq[1] Reg[01], enter the comment and press Enter. The comment appears in the Saved States list when you press Recall. If the instrument state has an associated waveform, entering the waveform name in the comment makes it easy to identify which instrument state applies to which waveform.

Saving a User Preset

A user preset is a special type of instrument state file.

1. Preset the signal generator and set as desired.

2. Press User Preset > Save User Preset.

This saves a state file named USER_PRESET, which the signal generator recognizes as containing user preset information.

You can set up several preset conditions under different names:

1. After you save a user preset, rename it to something other than USER_PRESET (see page 66).

2. Save as many user presets as you wish, renaming the USER_PRESET file each time.

3. Give the desired file the name USER_PRESET.

Recalling an Instrument State

1. Preset the signal generator.

2. Press Recall.

The Select Seq softkey shows the last sequence used, and the display lists any states stored in the registers in that sequence; RECALL Reg is the active entry.

3. Select the desired instrument state:

64 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Basic Operation

Working with Files

If the desired state is listed in the currently selected sequence, press desired number > Enter. If not, press Press Select Seq > desired number > Enter > RECALL Reg > desired number > Enter.

Recalling an Instrument State and Associated Waveform File

1. Ensure that the desired waveform file exists, and that it is in BBG media (page 189).

If the waveform file is not in BBG media, this procedure generates an error.

Recalling an instrument state with an associated waveform file recalls only the waveform name. It does not recreate the waveform file if it was deleted, or load the file into BBG media if it is in internal or USB media.

2. Recall the desired instrument state (see previous example).

3. View the waveform file name recalled with the instrument state: press Mode > Dual ARB.

The name is displayed as the selected waveform.

4. Turn on the waveform file: Press Mode > Dual ARB > ARB Off On.

Recalling an Instrument State and Associated List File

Recalling an instrument state recalls only the list sweep setup. It does not recall the frequency and/or amplitude values. Because you must load the list file from the file catalog, when you store a list file, be sure to give it a descriptive name (up to 25 characters).

1. Recall the desired instrument state (see previous example).

2. Load the desired list file:

a. Press Sweep > More > Configure List Sweep > More > Load/Store.

b. Highlight the desired file and press Load From Selected File > Confirm Load From File.

Editing The Comment on an Instrument Comment

Use the following steps to change a comment on an instrument state saved using the Save key. This is not the file name that appears in the State catalog (which is the file’s memory location).

1. Press Save

2. Highlight the desired register

3. Press Edit Comment In Seq[n] Reg [nn].

4. Press Re–SAVE Seq[n] Reg[nn].

This overwrites previously saved instrument state settings with the new comment.

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 65

Basic Operation

Sequence Register

The signal generator recognizes only the file named USER_PRESET as user preset information (page64).

Working with Files

Moving or Copying a Stored Instrument State

Figure 3-9 Instrument State File Catalog

A user–created state file’s default name is its memory location (sequence and register).

To move the file, rename it to the desired sequence and register; you can not give a file the same name as an existing file. If you rename a state file to something other than a valid sequence/register name, the file does not appear in either the Save or Recall menu.

66 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Basic Operation

File > More >

Current selection

Memory in the instrument is used, and USB media is ignored.

Media attached to the front panel USB connector is used, and no user data is stored to internal stor age.

This is the recommended selection. When USB media is attached to the front panel, it is the selected media; when USB media is not attach ed, internal storage is used.

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Select the directory on the USB media to be used for all file operations when USB media is attached and enabled.

Working with Files

Selecting the Default Storage Media

You can configure the signal generator to store user files to either the internal storage or to external USB media. To automatically switch between USB media and internal storage, depending on whether USB media is attached, select Automatically Use USB Media If Present. To avoid storing any confidential information in the instrument, select Use Only USB Media. To avoid storing any confidential information to USB media, select Use Only Internal Storage.

This selection is unaffected by a power cycle or preset.

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 67

Basic Operation

Error Number

Error Message

Error Description (May be truncated on the

−222 Data out of range; value clipped to lower limit.

Indicates that the user has entered a deviation, depth, or internal source frequency that is beyond the specific limits

Explanation is provided in the Error Message file (see page431) (This is not displayed on the instrument)

Message number and longer description

new indicates a message generated since messages were last viewed.

The annunciator indicates an unviewed message.

Error messages appear in the lower left corner of the display as they occur.

Reading Error Messages

If an error condition occurs, the signal generator reports it to both the front panel display error queue and the SCPI (remote interface) error queue. These two queues are viewed and managed separately; for information on the SCPI error queue, refer to the Programming Guide.

Characteristic Front Panel Display Error Queue

Capacity (#errors) 30

Overflow Handling Drops the oldest error as each new error comes in.

Viewing Entries

Clearing the Queue

Unresolved Errors

Press:

Press: Error > Clear Error Queue(s)

Re–reported after queue is cleared.

When the queue is empty (every error in the queue has been read, or the queue is cleared), the

No Errors

following message appears in the queue:

No Error Message(s) in Queue 0 of 0

a. Errors that must be resolved. For example, unlock.

Error Message Format

Error > View Next (or Previous) Error Page

68 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Keysight X-Series Signal Generators

N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG

User’s Guide

4 Optimize Performance

Before using this information, you should be familiar with the basic operation of the signal generator. If you are not comfortable with functions such as setting the power level and frequency, refer to Chapter 3, “Basic Operation”, on page 39 and familiarize yourself with the information in that chapter.

— Using the Dual Power Meter Display on page 70

— Using the USB Pass Through Commands on page 77

— Using the Power Meter Servo on page 79

— Using Flatness Correction on page 82

— Using Internal Channel Correction (N5172B/82B Only) on page 91

— Using External Leveling (N5173B/83B Only) on page 95

— Using Unleveled Operating Modes on page 102

— Using an Output Offset, Reference, or Multiplier on page 106

— Using Free Run, Step Dwell, and Timer Trigger on page 110

— Using a USB Keyboard on page 112

Optimize Performance

Once turned on, the power meter readings are always visible, even if another instrument feature is selected (i.e. Sweep, AM, etc.).

This area is the main display for the dual power meter calibration frequency and current power measured. If channel A or channel B power sensors or both are displayed, and the AMPTD or the FREQ softkeys are pressed, the large power meter measurements remains displayed. After the first connection, if the connection is successful, the model number and serial number of the power sensor is displayed.

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

See page71

Enables the power sensor on channel A.

Enables the power sensor on channel B.

Channel B is configured similarly to channel A. See page71

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Using the Dual Power Meter Display

The dual power meter display can be used to display the current frequency and power of either one or two power sensors. The display outputs the current frequency and power measured by the power sensors in the larger center display and in the upper right corner of the display. Refer to Figure 4-2,

Figure 4-2, and Figure 4-3.

Figure 4-1 Dual Power Meter Display with Power Sensors A and B Calibrated

Figure 4-2 Dual Power Meter Display Menu

70 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Figure 4-3 Configuring the Power Sensor Channels

AUX Fctn > Power Meter Measurements

Sockets LAN: Sets the IP port to 5025 (stand ard) or 5023 (telnet) programming.

Sets the power meter’s IP address or LAN–GPIB gateway’s IP address (Sockets LAN and VXI–11 LAN only).

Whether a softkey is available depends on the selected

Connection Type.

VXI–11 LAN: Opens a menu for

entering a device name for the power meter being used.

Enables the power meter connection type: Sockets LAN, VXI–11 LAN, or USB.

Note: The VXI–11 softkey is used to communicate remotely with a power meter that has a GPIB connector via LAN–GPIB gateway.

USB U2000A S er i es Pow e r Sensors do not require the sensor to be calibrated.

The MXG/EXG use the USB U2000A S er i es Pow e r Sensor’s “Internal” zero. Refer to the USB U2000A Series Power Sensor’s documentation.

Zero Sensor and Calibrate Sensor softkeys are

inactive during a measurement.

Selects the frequency that channel A has been calibrated to.

Selects the channel on the external power meter that the power sensor is connected to.

Enables a power offset in dB for the current channel.

Enables averaging. Instrument default is Auto with 1024 points.

Note: This figure illustrates channel A. Channel B is similar.

For details on each key , us e key help as described on page40.

Optimize Performance

Using the Dual Power Meter Display

Example: Dual Power Meter Calibration

In the following example a U2004A USB Power Sensor is connected to channel A and a N1912A P– Series Power Meter and 8482A Power Sensor are connected to channel B and are zeroed and calibrated, as required.

On the signal generator:

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 71

Optimize Performance Using the Dual Power Meter Display

1. Setup for Step Sweep. “Configuring a Swept Output” on page 46.

Verify RF Output power is off before continuing.

2. Connecting the Channel A power sensor: Connect USB sensor to the signal generator. The MXG/EXG should display a message across the bottom that reads similar to:

USB TMC488 device (USB POWER SENSOR,MY47400143) connected

Figure 4-4 MXG/EXG Displays Connection to U2000 USB Power Sensor

3. Press Aux Fctn > Power Meter Measurements > Channel A Setup > Connection Settings > Connection Type > USB Device (None) > USB POWER SENSOR (MY47400143)

4. Press Return > Zero Sensor

A diagnostic dialog box appears the initial time that a U2000 Series power sensor with a different serial number is connected to the signal generator (refer to Figure 4-5). After the U2000 has been recognized by the signal generator, the U2000 power sensor is saved as a softkey in the instrument and the dialog box in Figure 4-5 won’t be displayed (press DONE, if you see this message).

Figure 4-5 Diagnostic Dialog Box for USB Sensor

A Running Calibration(s) bar is displayed on the signal generator. Refer to Figure 4-6 on

page 73.

72 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Figure 4-6 Running Calibration(s) Bar (Zeroing Sensor)

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Optimize Performance

Using the Dual Power Meter Display

The U2000 Series USB Power Sensor, does

not require a 50 MHz

calibration. If a calibration is attempted with the U2000 Series Power Sensors, the signal generator displays a message reading:

The U2000 series power sensor does not require a 50 MHz calibration. Refer to Figure 4-7 on page 73.

Figure 4-7 Diagnostic Dialog Box Displayed for U2000 Power Sensor

5. Press Return > Return > Channel A to On

The current power meter sensor reading should be displayed in the ChA portion of the instrument's display and in the upper right portion of the display under Power Meter. Refer to

Figure 4-8.

Figure 4-8 Channel A Power Sensor Displayed on MXG/EXG

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 73

Optimize Performance

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Using the Dual Power Meter Display

6. On the N1912A P–Series Power Meter (Channel B power sensor): Connect the N1912A P– Series Power Meter to the LAN.

7. Connect the power meter sensor to channel B of the power meter.

It is recommended, but not required to use the channel B on the N1912A. This provides continuity with the signal generator’s dual display. For this example, the U2004A has already used up the channel A position on the signal generator.

8. Connect the power sensor input to the 50 MHz reference of the power meter.

9. Press Channel B Setup

10.Press Connection Settings > Sockets

11.Press IP Address > IP address > Enter

The IP address of the power meter should be displayed in the ChB section of the display.

Figure 4-9 Channel B Power Sensor with IP Address Entered

12.Press Return > Channel Settings > External Power Meter Channel to B.

74 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Optimize Performance

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Using the Dual Power Meter Display

13.On the signal generator: Press Channel B to On and then back to Off again. This initializes the signal generator to the external power meter.

14.Press Return > Zero Sensor

A diagnostic dialog box is displayed each time an external power meter is being used and the Zero Sensor or Calibrate Sensor softkey is pressed (refer to Figure 4-10 on page 75).

Verify the power sensor is connected to the 50 MHz reference of the power meter.

Figure 4-10 Diagnostic Dialog Box for Channel B

15.Press Done

The Running Calibration(s) bar is displayed: Zeroing Sensor Please wait....

16.After Running Calibration(s) bar disappears: Press Calibrate Sensor

Diagnostic Dialog box is displayed that prompts for verifying the connection of the power sensor to the power meter 50 MHz reference (refer to Figure 4-11 on page 75).

Figure 4-11 Diagnostic Dialog Box for Calibration

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 75

Optimize Performance

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Using the Dual Power Meter Display

17.Press Done

Calibration progress bar is displayed. Refer to Figure 4-12 on page 76.

Figure 4-12 Running Calibration(s) Bar (Calibrating Sensor)

18.Press Return > Channel B to On

19.The current power meter sensor reading should be displayed on the signal generator in the

ChB portion of the display and in the upper right corner of the display under Power Meter and to the left of the Power Meter power sensor reading.

Figure 4-13 Channel B Power Sensor Displayed on MXG/EXG

20.The power sensors are now ready to be connected in a measurement setup.

76 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Optimize Performance

Using the USB Pass Through Commands

The USB pass through SCPI commands are used remotely and or to program your system setup and power meter sensor setup.

This section applies to the following USB power sensors:

— U2040 X-Series

— U2020 X-Series

— U8480 Series

— U2000 Series

—

If the power sensor is configured to return peak power, then the MXG displays peak power (i.e., Use the SCPI commands, which returns a value based on the configuration). Refer to the X-Series Signal Generators SCPI Command Reference.

:fetch? and :measure? power sensor

This section contains the following:

— Table 4-1, “SCPI Pass Through Commands”

— “Procedure”

Table 4-1 SCPI Pass Through Commands

:SYSTem:PMETer[1]|2:PASSthrough <"scpiCommand"> :SYSTem:PMETer[1]|2:PASSthrough? <"scpiQuery">

:SYSTem:PMETer[1]|2:PASSthrough:ENABle 0|1 :SYSTem:PMETer[1]|2:PASSthrough:ENABle?

:SYSTem:PMETer[1]|2:PASSthrough:TIMeout <valueInSeconds> :SYSTem:PMETer[1]|2:PASSthrough:TIMeout?

Procedure

Step Substeps Results/Notes

1. Setup equipment.

2. Enable the pass

through capability in the MXG.

a. Enter:

:SYSTem:PMETer:PAS Sthrough:ENABle 1

3. Query the instrument

and verify pass through status.

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 77

a. Enter:

:SYSTem:PMETer:PAS Sthrough:ENABle?

The instrument should return a 1, indicating that the pass through feature has been enabled.

Optimize Performance Using the USB Pass Through Commands

Step Substeps Results/Notes

4. Sending additional

SCPI commands.

If you are sending a query, go to step 5.

Else, repeat steps 4 and or 5 as needed.

5. Sending additional

SCPI queries.

If you are sending a command, go to step 4.

Else, repeat steps 4 and or 5as needed.

a. Enter:

:SYSTem:PMETer:PAS Sthrough "SCPI command"

a. Enter:

:SYSTem:PMETer:PAS Sthrough? “*IDN?”

Where "SCPI command" is any SCPI pass through command. Refer to Table 4-1 on page 77.

The power sensor model and serial number should be returned.

78 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Optimize Performance

For details on each key, use key help as described on see page40.

See page71

Sets the allowed settling error.

The system automatically adjusts power level according to the power meter reading.

Once performs the adjustment only at the end of any transition (amplitude or frequency change). After the adjustment is performed and the power error is corrected, no further adjustments are performed until the next transition.

Continuous performs the adjustment as in Once mode, and continues to adjust the power periodically if the value differs by more than the specified Settling Error.

N5173B/83B only

Sets the relative initial power when leveling with the Power Meter Servo mode. The default of 0 dB means that the system starts with the power it thinks is needed (based on output power, offset and reference) but this might lead to power overshoots in certain cases (especially when the offset is not set up correctly). This value allows to specify an additional safe-margin to start the measure/adjust cycles lower than the target power to protect the device from power overshoots.

Using the Power Meter Servo

The Power Meter Servo mode uses power meter readings to adjust the output power of the source, maintaining a constant DUT output power.

The servo loop measures the output power of the DUT, compares it to the user-provided reference power, and adjusts the output of the source to achieve the user-provided power level within the settling error. The servo loop will abort after twenty unsuccessful attempts to achieve the user-provided power level.

Figure 4-14 Power Meter Servo Menus

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 79

Optimize Performance

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

Power Sensor

Directional Coupler

Using the Power Meter Servo

Power Meter Servo Configuration

The following procedure is a basic configuration for using the signal generator’s Power Meter Servo

mode.

The configuration described below is one possible setup example. Consider the limits of your DUT and use caution to protect the DUT from being exposed to too much power.

1. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 4-15.

Figure 4-15 Power Meter Servo Configuration

2. Set the signal generator frequency and amplitude to the desired settings for your device.

To get the best results and reduce stress on the DUT, the amplitude offset should be set to match the approximate gain of the device. For example, if the DUT is an amplifier with 20 dB of gain, set the amplitude offset to 20 dB.

Press AMPTD > More > Amptd Offset, then enter a value.

3. On the signal generator, press AMPTD > Leveling Control > Power Meter Servo Configuration.

4. Press Channel A Setup and configure the power meter. Refer to Configuring the Power Sensor

Channels on page 71.

5. Press Return > Return > Settling Error. Set the Settling Error value.

6. Press Return > Return > Leveling Mode. Select the leveling mode.

Power Meter Once performs the adjustment only at the end of any transition (amplitude or frequency change). After the adjustment is performed and the power is corrected, no further adjustments are performed until the next transition.

80 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Optimize Performance

Using the Power Meter Servo

Power Meter Continuous performs the adjustment as in Once mode, and continues to adjust the power periodically if the value differs by more than the specified Settling Error.

Once these parameters are set, the servo loop engages and levels the DUT’s output power.

Example

The following example emphasizes the importance of setting the amplitude offset, as it protects the DUT from being exposed to too much power.

For this example, the source amplitude offset is 20 dB and the source amplitude is programmed to 25 dBm. The offset is subtracted from the programmed level, making the actual source output power 5 dBm. If the power meter measures 24.5 dBm, for example, the output power will be adjusted by 0.5 dBm since the power meter measurement is 0.5 dBm lower than the desired 25 dBm. The new source output power is 5.5 dBm. If the power meter then measures 24.97 dBm, no further adjustments will be made since the measured value is within half of the settling error of 0.2 dB.

If using the continuous leveling mode, the power meter readings are monitored and the output power of the source will be adjusted if the measurement drifts outside the specified settling error.

Continuing with this example, if the amplitude offset remained at the default of 0 dB, the output power would have been 25 dBm, resulting in a power meter measurement of 40 dBm (assuming the amplifier already went into compression). The algorithm would have reduced the source power by 15 dB, thus outputting 10 dBm and resulting in a measurement of maybe 29.5 dBm. The additional reduction of another 4.5 dB would have lead to the same outcome as with the 20 dB amplitude offset (source output power of 5.5 dBm). However, in-between, the DUT was stressed possibly past its specified operating range.

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 81

Optimize Performance Using Flatness Correction

Using Flatness Correction

User flatness correction allows the digital adjustment of RF output amplitude for up to 1601 sequential linearly or arbitrarily spaced frequency points to compensate for external losses in cables, switches, or other devices. Using an Keysight N1911A/12A, E4419A/B, or U2000 Series power meter/sensor to calibrate the measurement system, a table of power level corrections can automatically be created for frequencies where power level variations or losses occur. Supported connection types to the power meter/sensor are Sockets LAN, VXI–11 LAN, USB, and GPIB via VXI– 11 LAN using a LAN–GPIB gateway (e.g. E5810A Gateway or equivalent).

A power meter with GPIB requires using the Connection Type VXI–11 softkey, as well as a LAN–GPIB gateway, to control a power meter. Refer to the Keysight Connectivity Guide USB/LAN/GPIB Connectivity Guide (E2094–90009), Keysight X-Series FAQs “How do I connect to the LAN?”, and to the E5810A User’s Guide or equivalent, LAN/GPIB gateway device.

If you do not have an Keysight N1911A/12A or E4419A/B power meter, or U2000A/01A/02A/04A power sensor, or if your power meter does not have a LAN, GPIB, or USB interface, the correction values can be manually entered into the signal generator.

To allow different correction arrays for different test setups or different frequency ranges, you may save individual user flatness correction tables to the signal generator’s memory catalog and recall them on demand.

Follow the steps in the next sections to create and apply user flatness correction to the signal generator’s RF output (see page 86).

Afterward, follow the steps in “Recalling and Applying a User Flatness Correction Array” on

page 90 to recall a user flatness file from the memory catalog and apply it to the signal generator’s

RF output.

82 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Figure 4-16 User Flatness Correction Softkeys

Confirm

For details on each key, use key help as described on page40.

See

page85

Starts the user flatness calibration.

Optimize Performance

Using Flatness Correction

Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide 83

Optimize Performance Using Flatness Correction

Creating a User Flatness Correction Array

In this example, you will create a user flatness correction array. The flatness correction array contains ten frequency correction pairs (amplitude correction values for each specified frequency), from 500 MHz to 1 GHz.

An Keysight N1911A/12A or E4419A/B power meter and E4413A power sensor are used to measure the RF output amplitude at the specified correction frequencies and transfer the results to the signal generator. (A U2000 Series power meter/sensor could be used in lieu of the power meter and E4413A power sensor.) The signal generator reads the power level data from the power meter, calculates the correction values, and stores the correction pairs in the user flatness correction array.

If you do not have the required Keysight power meter, or if your power meter does not have a LAN, GPIB, or USB interface, you can enter correction values manually.

Required Equipment

— Keysight N1911A/12A or E4419A/B power meter (a power meter is not required with the

U2000A/01A/02A/04A Power Sensor)

— Keysight E4413A E Series CW power sensor or U2000A/01A/02A/04A Power Sensor

— GPIB, LAN, or USB interface cables, as required

— adapters and cables, as required

For operating information on a particular power meter/sensor, refer to its operating guide.

Connect the Equipment

Connect the equipment as shown in “Connect the Equipment” on page 85.

During the process of creating the user flatness correction array, the power meter is remotely controlled by the signal generator.

84 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide

Keysight Technologies N5171B EXG, N5173B EXG, N5183B MXG, N5172B EXG, N5181B MXG User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Notices

Where to Find the Latest Information

Table of Contents

Documentation Overview

1 Signal Generator Overview

Signal Generator Features

Modes of Operation

Continuous Wave

Swept Signal

Analog Modulation

Digital Modulation (Vector Models with Option 65x Only)

Front Panel Overview

4. Numeric Keypad

1. Host USB

2. Display

3. Softkeys

5. Arrows and Select

6. Page Up

7. MENUS

8. Trigger

9. Local Cancel/(Esc)

10. Help

11. Preset and User Preset

12. RF Output (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, N5182B)

12. RF Output (N5173B, N5183B)

13. RF On/Off and LED

14. Mod On/Off and LED

15. Page Down

16. I Input (vector models only)

17. Q Input (vector models only)

18. Knob

19. Incr Set

20. Return

21. More and LED

22. Power Switch and LEDs

3. Annunciators

2. Frequency Area

1. Active Function Area

Front Panel Display

4. Amplitude Area

5. Error Message Area

6. Text Area

7. Softkey Label Area

1. AC Power Receptacle

Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B)

2. EXT 1 & EXT 2

3. LF OUT

4. SWEEP OUT

5. PULSE

6. TRIG 1 & 2

7. REF IN

8. 10 MHz OUT

9. GPIB

10. LAN

11. Device USB

12. Host USB

13. SD Card

Digital Modulation Connectors (Vector Models Only)

BB TRIG 1 & BB TRIG 2

EVENT 1

PAT TRIG

DIGITAL BUS I/O

AUX I/O Connector

Rear Panel Overview (N5173B & N5183B)

1. AC Power Receptacle

2. EXT 1 & EXT 2

3. LF OUT

4. SWEEP OUT

5. PULSE

6. TRIG 1 & 2

7. REF IN

8. 10 MHz OUT

9. GPIB

10. LAN

11. Device USB

12. Host USB