Keysight Technologies Keysight VXT PXIe Series, Keysight M9410A VXT, Keysight M9411A VXT User Manual
Keysight VXT PXIe
Vector Transceiver
This manual provides documentation for:
Keysight M9410A VXT Vector Transceiver
Keysight M9411A VXT Vector Transceiver
Source
User’s Guide
Notices
© Keysight Technologies, Inc. 2018
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international copyright laws.
Trademark Acknowledgments
Manual Part Number
M9410-90010
Edition
Edition 1, December 2018
Published in China
Published by:
Keysight Technologies
No 116 Tianfu 4th Street
Chengdu, China 610041
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than Limited Rights as defined in
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(c), as applicable in any technical
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A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It
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to, could result in damage to the
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procedure, practice, or the like that,
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to, could result in personal injury or
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Where to Find the Latest Information
Documentation is updated periodically. For the latest information about these products, including instrument software
upgrades, application information, and product information, browse to one of the following URLs, according to the name
of your product:
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http://www.keysight.com/find/m9411a
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Is your product software up-to-date?
Periodically, Keysight releases software updates to fix known defects and incorporate product enhancements. To search
for software updates for your product, go to the Keysight Technical Support website at:
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iii
iv
Table of Contents
1 Source Overview
Source Features 6
Modes of Operation 7
Continuous Wave 7
Digital Modulation 7
2 Basic Operation
Viewing Key Descriptions 10
Setting RF Source parameters 10
Presetting the Source 11
Contents
Saving and Recalling States 12
Selecting Source Output 12
Setting Frequency and Power (Amplitude) 13
Example: Configuring a 700 MHz, 20 dBm Continuous Wave Output 13
Working with Files 14
Viewing a List of Stored Files 14
Viewing a List of Files Stored on the transceiver 14
Storing a File 15
Loading (Recalling) a Stored File 15
3 Optimizing Performance
Using an Output Offset and Reference 18
Setting an Output Offset 18
Setting an Output Reference 19
Using Amplitude Corrections 20
Selecting a port 20
Setting up a corrections table 21
M9410A/M9411A Source User’s Guide 1
Contents
4 Basic Digital Operation
Waveform File Basics 24
Instrument Memory 24
Dual ARB Player 24
Storing, Loading, and Playing a Waveform Segment 25
Loading a Waveform Segment into ARB memory 25
Deleting a Waveform Segment on Internal Disk 26
Deleting a Waveform Segment from ARB memory 26
Playing a Waveform Segment 26
Saving a Waveform Settings & Parameters 27
Viewing and Modifying Header Information 27
Using Waveform Markers 30
Waveform Marker Concepts 30
Marker Signal Response 31
Marker File Generation 31
Marker Point Edit Requirements 31
Saving Marker Polarity and Routing Settings 31
Selecting which Marker to output 31
Viewing a Marker Pulse 31
Using the Pulse/RF Blanking Marker Function 32
Setting Marker Polarity 33
Using the TRIGGER 2 Signal as a Transceiver Trigger 34
Triggering a Waveform 35
Trigger Type 35
Trigger Source 36
Source Alignment 37
Licensing 38
Signal Studio 38
Waveform multi-pack licensing 38
Installing an Option N7650B–22x/25x Waveform 5/50–Pack Licensing 39
Licensing a Source Waveform File 40
Waveform Licensing Interface 41
Waveform Multi–Pack Licensing Status Messages 43
Other menu functions under Multi–Pack Licenses 44
2 M9410A/M9411A Source User’s Guide
5 Troubleshooting
RF Output 46
No RF Output 46
Power Supply Shuts Down 46
No Modulation at the RF Output 46
RF Output Power too Low 46
Error Messages 47
Licenses 47
A time–based license stops working 47
Cannot load a time–based license 47
Contacting Keysight Technologies 48
Contents
M9410A/M9411A Source User’s Guide 3
Contents
4 M9410A/M9411A Source User’s Guide
Keysight
M9410A/M9411A PXIe Vector Transceiver
Source User’s Guide
1 Source Overview
The source in this instrument can be operated independently of the transceiver
to provide arbitrary waveform generation to test wireless mobile devices. The
source can also be used together with the transceiver to simultaneously test
both the transmitter and receiver of a wireless device.
“Source Features” on page 6
“Modes of Operation” on page 7
5
Source Overview
Source Features
Source Features
— 380 MHz to 6.0 GHz
— arbitrary I/Q waveform playback up to 375 MSa/s
— SCPI and IVI–COM driver
— user flatness correction
— two output connectors
— with Signal Studio Software, the transceiver can generate 802.11 WLAN,
For more details on hardware, firmware, software, and documentation features
and options, refer to the data sheet shipped with the transceiver and available
from the Keysight Technologies website at:
http://www.Keysight.com/find/m9410a
http://www.Keysight.com/find/m9411a
W–CDMA, cdma2000, 1xEV–DO, GSM, EDGE, and more.
6 Source User’s Guide
Source Overview
Modes of Operation
Modes of Operation
The instrument source provides two basic modes of operation: continuous
wave (CW) and digital modulation mode.
Continuous Wave
In this mode, the transceiver produces a CW signal. The transceiver is set to a
single frequency and power level, which is set up using the RF Source tab
menu. To learn more, refer to Chapter 2, Basic Operation.
Digital Modulation
In this mode, an internal baseband generator in the transceiver modulates a
CW signal with an arbitrary I/Q waveform (ARB). The ARB waveforms are
downloaded through a remote interface into the ARB memory. The ARB
waveform setup is accessed using the RF Source tab, followed by the
Modulation Setup key. To learn more, refer to Chapter 4, Basic Digital
Operation.
Source User’s Guide 7
Source Overview
Modes of Operation
8 Source User’s Guide
Keysight
M9410A/M9411A PXIe Vector Transceiver
Source User’s Guide
2 Basic Operation
This chapter introduces fundamental front panel operation. For information
about remote operation, refer to the Online Help or Programmer’s Guide
— “Viewing Key Descriptions” on page 10
— “Setting RF Source parameters” on page 10
— “Presetting the Source” on page 11
— “Saving and Recalling States” on page 12
— “Selecting Source Output” on page 12
— “Setting Frequency and Power (Amplitude)” on page 13
— “Working with Files” on page 14
9
Basic Operation
Viewing Key Descriptions
Viewing Key Descriptions
Table 2-1 Online Help Access
Press the question mark key for comprehensive help information. The online help is
context-sensitive (that is, the question mark key opens to a page that is relevant to
the last key you pressed). Also, while the help screen is open, press any key, and a
page relevant to that key is displayed; the normal key function does not execute.
Press ESC to exit the online help.
Setting RF Source parameters
The source functionality is accessed by selecting Input/Output key as below.
Selecting the Input/Output key opens up a softkeys menu under the RF Source
tab on the right side of the application window. These keys allow complete
configuration of the corresponding tab’s parameters.
10 Source User’s Guide
Basic Operation
Presetting the Source
Presetting the Source
Presetting the source is a method of restoring all source settings to its default
values, after some or all of them have been changed. If you want to be able to
return the source settings to the values they had before the preset, save the
current state before you preset the source (see “Saving and Recalling States
below).
1. Select the Input/Output key.
2. Press the RF Source Tab (viewed on right of softkey menu).
3. Press Source Preset softkey.
Source User’s Guide 11
Basic Operation
Saving and Recalling States
Saving and Recalling States
The current state (including both source and analyzer settings) can be saved
and later recalled.
1. Click file icon in the bottom bar, and click Save key to access
the file operation window. Select State in the left side of this window.
2. Choose a register in which to save the state by pressing one of the
Register keys. (A register with no state saved in it is in blank; when you
save a state in it, the register is labeled with the date and time.)
3. Alternatively, you can save the state to a file rather than to a register. Click
the Save To File key in the upper-right corner of the window, and use the
file-save window to chose a name and location for the file.
4. Recall a saved state by clicking Recall key, followed by the State key.
5. Choose a register from which to retrieve a state by Selecting one of the
Register keys.
6. Alternatively, you can retrieve the state from a file rather than from a
register. Click the Recall From File key, and chose a name and location for
the file.
Selecting Source Output
To select the output port for the source, access the Input/Output menu.
7. Click Input/Output, RF Source tab, RF Output Port, RF Output.
8. Select from RF Output, and RFIO HD. If you select RF Output, this means
that the RF Output designated as an output will be used.
12 Source User’s Guide
Basic Operation
Setting Frequency and Power (Amplitude)
Setting Frequency and Power (Amplitude)
The M9410A/M9411A transceiver does not have an Automatic Level Control
feature; amplitude accuracy is regulated by means of calibration for frequency
and temperature variations.
To set the frequency and power of the source output proceed as follows:
1. Select Input/Output, RF Source, Amplitude, Source Amplitude.
2. Use the numeric keypad to set a value for power. Press the appropriate
units key to complete the entry.
3. Select Frequency.
4. Use the numeric keypad to set a value for frequency. Press the appropriate
units key to complete the entry.
5. Turn the RF Output key to On.
Example: Configuring a 700 MHz, 20 dBm Continuous Wave Output
1. Preset the source by Input/Output, RF Source, Source Preset.
2. Select Input/Output, RF Source, Frequency key. Press 700 on the keypad
and select the MHz key.
3. Click Amplitude key. Press 20 on keypad and select the -dBm key.
4. Turn the RF Output to On.
5. Press Input/Output, RF Output Port, RF Output.
The 700 MHz, 20 dBm CW signal is available at the RF OUTPUT port (to
select the output port see “Selecting Source Output” on page 12).
Source User’s Guide 13
Basic Operation
Working with Files
Working with Files
— “Viewing a List of Stored Files” on page 14
— “Loading (Recalling) a Stored File” on page 15
The transceiver recognizes several types of files, such as state files, license
files, and correction files. Files are stored in the controller internal storage. This
section provides an overview of how to navigate the file menus, and how to
view, store, load, and move files.
See also: “Storing, Loading, and Playing a Waveform Segment” on page 25.
Viewing a List of Stored Files
The arbitrary waveform generator (ARB) files that have been created on the
transceiver can be viewed using the Waveform Selection screen.
Viewing a List of Files Stored on the transceiver
1. Select Input/Output key and RF Source tab.
2. Press Modulation Setup, ARB Setup.
3. Press Select Waveform.
The files listed are identified as either waveform sequences or waveform
segments. A sequence is made up of two or more segments.
Use mouse to highlight a waveform for selection. Once the desired file is
highlighted, use the Select Waveform key to select the waveform to be output.
14 Source User’s Guide
Basic Operation
Working with Files
Storing a File
To store a file that you have set up, use the Save key as described in
“Storing, Loading, and Playing a Waveform Segment” on page 25.
To store a transceiver state that you have set up and may want to re-use, use
the Save key and select State from the sub-menu and select a register in
which to store the state.
For more information about the Save function see the online help.
Loading (Recalling) a Stored File
To recall a file that you have previously saved, use the Recall key. For
transceiver state recalls, select State from the sub-menu and select the
required register.
For more information about the Recall function see the online help.
Source User’s Guide 15
Basic Operation
Working with Files
16 Source User’s Guide
Keysight
M9410A/M9411A PXIe Vector Transceiver
Source User’s Guide
3 Optimizing Performance
Before using this information, you should be familiar with the basic operation of
the transceiver source. If you are not comfortable with functions such as
setting the power level and frequency, refer to Chapter 2, Basic Operation and
familiarize yourself with the information in that chapter.
— “Using an Output Offset and Reference” on page 18
— “Using Amplitude Corrections” on page 20
17
Optimizing Performance
IF Amplifier
RF Amplifier
Mixer
Filter
Source
(local oscillator)
Output Frequency = 1000 MHz
IF = 321 MHz
Antenna tuned to 1321 MHz
Selected Offset
321 MHz
679 MHz
Source Display
1321 MHz (Antenna Frequency)
321 MHz (IF Output)
IF Output
321 MHz
Using an Output Offset and Reference
Using an Output Offset and Reference
Setting an Output Offset
Using an output offset, the source can output a frequency or amplitude that is
offset (positive or negative) from the entered value.
RF Output = entered value - offset value
Displayed Value = output frequency (or power) + offset value
To set an offset:
— Frequency: Click Input/Output, RF Source, Frequency Setup, Freq Offset >
offset value > frequency unit keys.
— Amplitude: Click Input/Output, RF Source, Amplitude Setup, Amptd
Offset > offset value > dB keys.
Examples
Parameter
Entered (and
Example#1Example#2Example
#3
Comments
300 MHz 300 MHz 2 GHz The entered value must be positive.
displayed) Value:
Offset: 50 MHz 50 MHz 1 GHz An offset value can be positive or negative.
The source alerts you if the
Output Frequency: 250 MHz 350 MHz 3 GHz
output frequency or amplitude is out of
range.
When using the source as a local oscillator (LO), you can use the offset to
display the frequency of interest, as illustrated below:
18 Source User’s Guide
Optimizing Performance
Using an Output Offset and Reference
Setting an Output Reference
Using an output reference, the source can output a frequency or amplitude
that is offset (positive or negative) by the entered value from a chosen
reference value.
RF Output = reference value + entered value
To set a reference:
1. Set the frequency or amplitude to the value you want as the output
reference level.
2. Frequency: Press Input/Output, RF Source, Frequency Setup, Set
Reference Frequency. The frequency displays 0.00 Hz, indicating that this
is the RF output frequency “zero level.”
All frequencies entered are interpreted as being relative to this reference
frequency.
Amplitude: Press Input/Output, RF Source, Amplitude Setup, Set
Reference Power.
The amplitude displays 0.00 dB, indicating that this is the RF output
amplitude “zero level.”
All amplitudes entered are interpreted as being relative to this reference
amplitude.
Examples
Parameter
Reference: 50 MHz 50 MHz 2 GHz A reference value must be positive.
Entered (and
displayed) Value:
Output Frequency: 52 MHz 48 MHz 1 GHz
Example#1Example#2Example
#3
2 MHz 2 MHz 1 GHz The entered value can be positive or negative.
The source alerts you if the output frequency
or amplitude is out of range.
Comments
To set a new frequency or amplitude reference, turn the frequency reference
off, and then follow the steps above.
Source User’s Guide 19
Optimizing Performance
RF Amplifier
Attenuator
transceiver
Source
Output
Cable Loss
Receiving
Device
Using Amplitude Corrections
Using Amplitude Corrections
Amplitude corrections can be applied to both source and analyzer ports on the
transceiver. The Amplitude Corrections arrays can be entered by the user, sent
over SCPI or loaded from a file. They allow a user to correct the response of the
transceiver for variations in signal paths external to the transceiver. For
example if you have a test system with a frequency dependent path due to
cable, amplifier or attenuator non-linearities, similar to path illustrated below,
then provided you can quantify the frequency variations, you can apply a
frequency dependent correction to the transceiver source output. In this way
the signal appearing at the receiving device can appear to have the spectral
characteristics associated with a flat path.
The corrections are applied as a table of x and y parameters with the x
specifying the frequency and y specifying the correction to be applied at the
frequency, x. There are four sets of corrections and each may be individually
enabled or disabled. All of the enabled corrections are added together to give
the resultant correction. In the instrument, each port can have four different
corrections applied to it, but two different ports cannot have the same set of
corrections applied to both.
To access the Amplitude Corrections menu press the Input/Output key. Select
the Corrections Tab.
Selecting a port
You can select whether you want to apply the corrections to one of the ports. In
the case of the dual purpose ports, the corrections can be applied to the input,
output or RFIO HD.
To select the port, from the Corrections tab, select Correction Port. You can
select one of the three ports to which the selected corrections apply.
20 Source User’s Guide
Optimizing Performance
Using Amplitude Corrections
Setting up a corrections table
To set up the corrections table using the front panel, from the Corrections tab,
select Edit Correction. Click Insert Row Below to start the editing. The
Frequency and Amplitude keys allow you to enter a frequency and the
correction in dB that you require at that frequency. As you enter values the
actual entries are displayed in tabular format on the left of the display and also,
the entered values appear on the graticule as a graph. Because of the large
number of possible entries in the corrections table, the Navigate key allows
you to select an entry by row number to quickly access and edit a particular
row.
For more detailed information about the correction data keys and the remote
control commands see the online help, accessible by pressing the Help button
on the front panel (or the User’s and Programmer’s Reference).
Source User’s Guide 21
Optimizing Performance
Using Amplitude Corrections
22 Source User’s Guide
Keysight
M9410A/M9411A PXIe Vector Transceiver
Source User’s Guide
4 Basic Digital Operation
Before using this information, you should be familiar with the basic operation of
the transceiver source. If you are not comfortable with functions such as
setting power level and frequency, refer to Chapter 2 and familiarize yourself
with the information in that chapter.
— “Waveform File Basics” on page 24
— “Storing, Loading, and Playing a Waveform Segment” on page 25
— “Saving a Waveform Settings & Parameters” on page 27
— “Using Waveform Markers” on page 30
— “Triggering a Waveform” on page 35
— “Licensing” on page 38
23
Basic Digital Operation
Waveform File Basics
Waveform File Basics
There are two types of waveform files:
—A segment is a waveform file that you download to the transceiver.
—A sequence is a file you create in the transceiver source that contains
pointers to one or more waveform files. The current M9410A/M9411A
software only supports waveform segment operation and the waveform
sequence operation will be supported in future.
Instrument Memory
The instrument has two types of memory:
— Volatile memory, baseband generator (ARB) media, where waveform files
are played from or edited.
— Non–volatile memory, the controller internal hard disk, where waveform
files are stored.
Dual ARB Player
The dual ARB waveform player enables you to play, rename, delete, store, and
load (external or internal) waveform files. The dual ARB waveform player also
provides markers (page 30) and triggering (page 35) capabilities.
24 Source User’s Guide
Basic Digital Operation
Storing, Loading, and Playing a Waveform Segment
Storing, Loading, and Playing a Waveform Segment
Before using this information, you should be familiar with the source file
menus. If you are not, refer to “Working with Files” on page 14 and familiarize
yourself with that information.
The source has two types of waveform storage. The waveforms are stored on
the controller hard disk which is non-volatile storage. In order to play the files
out they must be moved into ARB memory which is volatile storage. ARB
memory is also called “working” media, because before you can play, edit, or
include a waveform file, the waveform file must be loaded into ARB memory.
Loading a Waveform Segment into ARB memory
Waveforms must reside in ARB memory before they can be played, or edited.
Cycling power or rebooting the transceiver deletes the files in ARB memory.
1. Click file icon in the bottom bar, and click Recall key to access
the recall sub-menu.
2. Select Waveform in the left column, and click Recall From File to display
files on the hard disk in C:\NVARB and then, highlight the desired
waveform segment.
3. Press Recall to load this waveform segment from hard disk to ARB
memory.
Or you could double click on the file name of desired waveform segment
to load it to ARB memory directly.
Source User’s Guide 25
Basic Digital Operation
Storing, Loading, and Playing a Waveform Segment
Deleting a Waveform Segment on Internal Disk
Use the following steps to delete a file on the hard disk.
1. Click file icon in the bottom bar, and click Recall key to access
the recall sub-menu.
2. Select Waveform in the left column, and click Recall From File to display
files on the hard disk in C:\NVARB and then, right-click on the file name
which you want to delete. A window named "Delete xxx.wfm" will pop up.
3. Press Delete xxx.wfm to delete the waveform file immediately.
Deleting a Waveform Segment from ARB memory
1. Click file icon in the bottom bar, and click Recall key to access
the recall sub-menu.
2. Select Waveform in the left column, and click Recall From File to display
files on the hard disk in C:\NVARB and then, the waveform segments in
ARB memory is listed in the left column of the window.
3. highlight the desired waveform segment which you want to delete.
4. Press Delete Segment From ARB Memory.
Alternatively, if you want to clear all ARB memory select Delete All From ARB
Memory.
Playing a Waveform Segment
Waveforms must reside in ARB memory before they can be played, or edited.
Cycling power or rebooting the transceiver deletes the files in ARB memory.
1. Select Input/Output key and RF Source tab.
2. Press Modulation Setup, ARB Setup, Select Waveform.
3. Select a waveform from the list in the display.
4. Press OK to execute the waveform.
5. In the Basic Control menu, turn ARB State to On to enable the modulation.
Then the waveform modulates the RF carrier.
6. Configure the RF Output:
Set the RF carrier frequency and amplitude, and turn on the RF output in
Input/Output, RF Source menu.
The waveform segment is now available at the selected RF Output
connector.
26 Source User’s Guide
Basic Digital Operation
Saving a Waveform Settings & Parameters
Saving a Waveform Settings & Parameters
This section describes how to edit and save a file header. When you download
only a waveform file (I/Q data, which the source treats as a waveform
segment), the source automatically generates a file header and a marker file
with the same name as the waveform file. Initially the file header has no source
settings saved to it, and the marker file consists of all zeros. For a given
waveform, you can save source settings and parameters in its file header and
marker settings in its marker file (page 30); when you load a stored waveform
file into ARB memory, the file header and marker file settings automatically
apply to the source so that the dual ARB player sets up the same way each
time the waveform file plays.
Some of the current source settings shown in the file header appear as part of
the key labels, and others appear in the dual ARB summary display, shown in
the following example. To view the file header:
1. Select Input/Output key and RF Source tab.
2. Press Modulation Setup, ARB Setup keys. Ensure that a waveform has
been selected under the Select Waveform key.
3. Press Header Utilities key in the ARB Setup column. The header
information is shown as below.
Sample Rate The waveform playback rate. This is the ARB sample clock rate, set in the Arb Setup menu.
Runtime Scaling The Runtime scaling value is applied in real–time while the waveform is playing. This setting can be
changed only for files playing in the dual ARB player.
RMS When the modulator attenuation setting is set to Auto, this value is used to calculate the I/Q modulator
attenuation setting to optimize ACPR. Value: 0 to 1.414213562
Marker 1...4 Polarity
RF Blank Routing
Over Range Protect Indicated whether DAC Over–Range Protection is on (1) or off (0).
Unique Waveform Id 0 = no Id; once an Id is assigned, it cannot be changed.
License Required Indicates whether a license is required to play the waveform.
Marker polarity can be positive or negative (described on
Which marker, if any, implements the Pulse/RF Blanking function (described on
marker signal is low. When the marker signal goes high, Pulse/RF Blanking discontinues.
page 33).
page 32) when the
Viewing and Modifying Header Information
1. From ARB memory, select the desired waveform:
a.Select Input/Output key and RF Source tab..
b.Press Modulation Setup, ARB Setup, Select Waveform.
c.In the display, select the desired waveform.
d.Press Select Waveform.
Source User’s Guide 27
Basic Digital Operation
Saving a Waveform Settings & Parameters
2. Open the Header Utilities menu:
In the ARB Setup menu, select Header Utilities
The Figure below shows the default file header for the desired waveform.
The column with text in gray shows that most of the settings are
Unspecified. Unspecified means that there is no setting saved for that
particular parameter.
The column with text in white shows the current source settings. These are
the settings that are saved to the file header.
Figure 4-1 Example File Header
If a setting is unspecified in the file header, the source uses its current value for that
setting when you select and play the waveform.
3. Save the information in the white text column to the file header:
Press Save Header key.
Both the gray and white text column now display the same values; the
gray text column lists the settings saved in the file header.
4. Edit and update settings
a.Set the ARB sample rate to 5 MHz:
Press Sample Rate, 5, MHz.
b.Set waveform runtime scaling to 60%:
Press Run-time Scaling, 60, Enter.
The white text column now reflects the changes to the current
source setup, but gray text column have not changed.
28 Source User’s Guide
Basic Digital Operation
Saving a Waveform Settings & Parameters
c.Save the current settings to the file header:
Press the Save Header key.
The settings from the white text column now appear in the gray text
column. This saves the new current transceiver settings to the file
header.
If you change any of the settings listed in the file header after you select the
waveform file, the changed setting(s) appear in the file header white text
column and are used instead of the saved header settings. To reapply the
saved header settings, reselect the waveform for playback.
Source User’s Guide 29
Basic Digital Operation
Marker
File
Bit N
Marker
Polarity
Marker N
RF Blank Off On
Marker N
Blanks RF when
Marker is Low
EVENT N
Negative
Positive
Set Marker
On Off
Marker N
ALC Hold Off On
Marker N
Holds ALC when
Marker is Low
When the source encounters an enabled marker (described on page 24), an
auxiliary output signal is generated and routed to the rear panel.
Events 1-4 are available at the TRIGGER 1 connector and at the TRIGGER 2 connector.
RF Blank Only: includes ALC Hold
Using Waveform Markers
Using Waveform Markers
The source provides four waveform markers to mark specific points on a
waveform segment. When the source encounters an enabled marker, an
auxiliary signal is routed to a rear panel trigger output. The marker that is
routed to the TRIGGER 2 connector is selected using the Input/Output menu.
You can use the output signal to synchronize another transceiver with the
waveform, or as a trigger signal to start a measurement at a given point on a
waveform.
You can also configure markers to initiate Pulse/RF Blanking.
When you download a waveform file that does not have a marker file
associated with it, the source creates a marker file without any marker points.
The following procedures demonstrate how to use markers while working with
the ARB player. These procedures also discuss two types of points: a marker
point and a sample point. A marker point is a point at which a given marker is
set on a waveform; you can set one or more marker points for each marker. A
sample point is one of the many points that compose a waveform.
This section also provides the following information:
• “Waveform Marker Concepts
• “Viewing a Marker Pulse” on page 31
• “Using the Pulse/RF Blanking Marker Function” on page 32
• “Setting Marker Polarity” on page 33
Waveform Marker Concepts
The source dual ARB provides four waveform markers for use on a waveform
segment. You can set each marker polarity and marker points (on a single
sample point or over a range of sample points). Each marker can also perform
Pulse/RF Blanking.
30 Source User’s Guide
Basic Digital Operation
Using Waveform Markers
Marker Signal Response
The source aligns the marker signals with the I and Q signals at the baseband
generator. However some settings such as amplitude, filters, and so forth
within the RF output path can create delays between the marker TRIGGER 2
output signal and the modulated RF output. When using the marker TRIGGER
2 output signal, observe the signals (marker relative to modulated RF) for any
latency, and if needed, reset the marker point positions, include delay or both.
Marker File Generation
Downloading a waveform file that does not have a marker file associated with it
causes the source to automatically create a marker file, but does not place any
marker points.
Marker Point Edit Requirements
Before you can modify a waveform segment marker points, the segment must
reside in ARB memory (see “Loading a Waveform Segment into ARB memory”
on page 25).
Saving Marker Polarity and Routing Settings
Marker polarity and routing settings remain until you reconfigure them, preset
the source, or cycle power. To ensure that a waveform uses the correct settings
when it is played, set the marker polarities or routing (Pulse/RF Blanking) and
save the information to the file header (page 27).
When you use a waveform that does not have marker routings and polarity settings
stored in the file header, and the previously played waveform used Pulse/RF
Blanking, ensure that you set Pulse/RF Blanking to
result in no RF output or a distorted waveform.
Selecting which Marker to output
To select which one of the four markers is output at the TRIGGER 2 connector:
1. Select Input/Output key and Trigger Ouput tab.
2. Press Trig 2 Out keys.
3. Press Trig 2 Out key, click Source Marker 1, Source Marker 2, Source
Marker 3, or Source Marker 4 key as required to choose which marker to
output.
None. Failure to do so can
Viewing a Marker Pulse
When a waveform plays, you can detect an enabled marker pulse at the rear
panel TRIGGER 2 connector. This example demonstrates how to view a marker
pulse generated by a waveform segment that has at least one marker point set.
The process is the same for a waveform sequence.
Source User’s Guide 31
Basic Digital Operation
RF OUT
Marker pulse on the TRIGGER 2.
Using Waveform Markers
This example uses a sine waveform segment in the dual ARB Player.
Factory–supplied segments have a marker point on the first sample point for
all four markers.
1. follow the procedure on page 25 to select and load the waveform segment
file you need.
2. In the ARB Setup menu, Set ARB State to On.
3. Connect the instrument source output to the oscilloscope channel 1 input.
4. Connect the instrument TRIG 2 output to the oscilloscope channel 2
input.
When marker 1 is present, the instrument outputs a signal through TRIG
2 as shown in the following example.
Using the Pulse/RF Blanking Marker Function
While you can set a marker function (described as Marker Routing on the key
label in the Marker Utilities menu) either before or after setting the marker
points, setting a marker function before you set marker points may change the
RF output. The source blanks the RF output when the marker signal goes low.
This example is a continuation of the previous example, “Viewing a Marker
Pulse” on page 31.
1. Using a segment, assume Marker 1 is set across points 1180.
2. From the Marker Routing key menu, assign Pulse/RF Blanking to Marker
1:
In the ARB Setup menu, Click Basic Control, Pulse/RF Blank, Marker 1.
32 Source User’s Guide
Basic Digital Operation
Marker Polarity = Positive
When marker polarity is positive (the default
setting), the RF output is blanked during the off
marker points.
200
180
Marker
Segment
RF Signal
RF Signal
200180
Marker
Segment
Marker Polarity = Negative
When marker polarity is negative, the
RF output is blanked during the on marker
points
3.3
0 V
3.3
0 V
RF Signal
RF Signal
Using Waveform Markers
Setting Marker Polarity
Setting a negative marker polarity inverts the marker signal.
1. In ARB Setup menu, Click Marker Polarity to choose Negative or Positive.
2. For each marker, set the marker polarity as desired.
—The default marker polarity is positive.
—Each marker polarity is set independently.
See also, “Saving Marker Polarity and Routing Settings” on page 31.
As shown on page 32:
Positive Polarity: On marker points are high (3.3 V).
Negative Polarity: On marker points are low (0 V).
Source User’s Guide 33
Basic Digital Operation
The jitter is gone with
an optimal sample rate
Waveform appears to exhibit jitter when
triggered using EVENT signal with jitter.
Oscilloscope triggering on waveform
Oscilloscope triggering on EVENT signal
Oscilloscope triggering on EVENT signal
TRIGGER 2 signal exhibits jitter
due to a non-optimal sample rate
Using Waveform Markers
Pulse/RF Blanking always occurs on the low part of the signal regardless of the
polarity setting.
Using the TRIGGER 2 Signal as a Transceiver Trigger
One of the uses for the TRIGGER 2 signal (marker signal) is to trigger a
measurement instrument. You can set up the markers to start the
measurement at the beginning of the waveform, at any single point in the
waveform, or on multiple points in the waveform. To optimize the use of the
TRIGGER 2 OUT signal for measurements, you may also need to adjust the
sample rate. To change the sample rate setting click Input/Output, RF Source,
Modulation Setup, ARB Setup, Sample Rate keys.
The TRIGGER 2 output signal can exhibit jitter of up to ±4 ns on the rising and
falling edge. This jitter can be minimized in either of two ways.
Method 1: Use a sample clock of 200 MHz/N where N is a positive integer and
where 200 MHz/N can be represented exactly on the display.
For example: 200 MHz, 100 MHz, 50 MHz, 25 MHz, and so on.
If the result cannot be represented exactly on the display, jitter will be present.
For example: N = 6 will result in jitter, because 200 MHz/6 = 33.333 Mhz,
which is truncated when displayed.
Method 2: Select a sample clock and waveform length that spaces the markers
by a multiple of 8 ns. For example: A 200 point waveform with a marker on the
first point and a sample clock of 50 MHz provides a marker every 4 µs. Because
4 µs is a multiple of 8 ns, the jitter is minimized.
When the TRIGGER 2 signal exhibits jitter and it is used as a measurement
trigger, it can cause the waveform to falsely appear as having jitter. If this
condition occurs, you can adjust the sample rate to a value (see above) that
does not cause the jitter appearance. To maintain the integrity of the original
waveform with a sample rate change, you will have to also recalculate the
sample values. The following figures illustrate the marker signal jitter and its
effect on the waveform.
34 Source User’s Guide
Basic Digital Operation
Triggering a Waveform
Triggering a Waveform
Triggers control data transmission by controlling when the transceiver
transmits the modulating signal. You can configure trigger settings so that
data transmission occurs once (Single mode), or continuously (Continuous
mode).
A trigger signal contains both positive and negative states; you can use either
for triggering.
When you initially select a trigger mode or when you change from one
triggering mode to another, you may lose the carrier signal at the RF output
until the modulating signal is triggered. This is because the source sets the I
and Q signals to zero volts prior to the first trigger event. To maintain the
carrier signal at the RF output, create a data pattern with the initial I and Q
voltages set to values other than zero.
When you initially turn the Arb State ON or select a trigger mode or when you
change from one triggering mode to another, you may temporarily lose the
carrier signal for a few tens of milliseconds at the RF output. The Arb will
present the idle IQrms value of the next Arb waveform to the IQ modulator. This
ensures that the RF carrier output is at the correct amplitude level while the
Arb waits for a trigger. When that trigger is received, the Arb begins playing
the waveform and the modulated RF carrier exhibits no undesirable transients.
There are two parts to configuring a waveform trigger:
— Type determines the behavior of the waveform when it plays (see “Trigger
Type” on page 35).
— Source determines how the source receives the trigger that starts the
modulating waveform playing (see “Trigger Source” on page 36).
Trigger Type
Type defines the trigger mode: how the waveform plays when triggered.
Trigger Type is selected by clicking the Input/Output key, followed by the
Modulation Setup, ARB Setup, Basic Control, Trig Type keys.
— Continuous mode repeats the waveform until you turn the signal off or
select a different waveform, trigger mode, or response
— Single mode plays the waveform once.
—Free Run immediately triggers and plays the waveform; triggers
received while the waveform is playing are ignored.
—Trigger and Run plays the waveform when a trigger is received;
subsequent triggers are ignored.
—No Retrigger ignores triggers received while a waveform is playing. If a
trigger is received early it will be ignored. The gap in your playback is
dependent on the trigger period, after which time the RF will start up
again where it is expected.
Source User’s Guide 35
Basic Digital Operation
Triggering a Waveform
Trigger Source
Trigger Source is selected by pressing the Input/Output key, followed by the
Modulation Setup, ARB Setup, Basic Control, Trigger Source keys.
— Key - the waveform is triggered when the Single key is pressed
— Bus - the waveform is triggered over LAN or USB using the
:SOURce:RADio:ARB:TRIGger :INITitate SCPI command.
— External 2 - the waveform is triggered by a trigger signal on the TRIGGER 1
port or the TRIGGER 2 port on the transceiver rear panel.
36 Source User’s Guide
Basic Digital Operation
Source Alignment
Source Alignment
Use the Alignments menu to provide a manual signal alignment of the source.
When you execute an alignment of the source. The transceiver stops any
sequence of the source, presets the source, and performs the alignment.
Run the source alignment by pressing the System front-panel key, followed by
Alignments, Align Now, Align Source. A message box appears advising you of
the alignment process.
To abort the alignment, click on Cancel or press the Cancel (Esc) key.
Source User’s Guide 37
Licensing
Basic Digital Operation
Licensing
You can create your own signal waveforms to output from the transceiver ARB
using a number of methods. One of them is to use Keysight Signal Studio
which is a suite of PC-based signal creation software that allows you to create
customized signals for multiple radio standards. You can also create your own
signals using other signal creation software (such as MATLAB or ADS) and
download them to the transceiver hard disk. You can use Signal Studio Toolkit
to process your customized files for use on the transceiver, if necessary. The
instrument also provides a multi-pack licensing solution, a cost-effective
solution that allows you to license individual Signal Studio waveforms rather
than purchase the Signal Studio software.
Note that the Signal Studio files are encrypted waveforms; they are stored on the
hard disk on the transceiver and are moved to the volatile ARB memory for playout.
Other waveforms that you create may not be encrypted.
Signal Studio
Signal Studio software allows you to create technology-specific waveforms. It
can be downloaded from the Keysight website at:
www.keysight.com/find/signalstudio
To use Signal Studio waveforms on the transceiver, you can either purchase a
Signal Studio license or use waveform multi-pack licensing (see the next
section). The Signal Studio website allows you to purchase the Signal Studio
license and also provides trial licenses. The Signal Studio license is transceiver
specific and therefore cannot be used on a transceiver other than the one
specified in the purchase agreement. Once you have licensed the required
Signal Studio software package, any waveforms that you create using this
package can be used on the transceiver.
Waveform multi-pack licensing
Each license gives you certain number of slots for waveforms. For 45 slots, buy
nine 5-pack licenses. For 500 slots, buy ten 50-pack licenses. For 545 slots,
buy nine 5-pack licenses and ten 50-pack licenses.
Waveform multi-pack licensing (Option 2xx) enables you to create, generate
and permanently license multiple Signal Studio waveforms without the need to
purchase the full Signal Studio license.
A multi-pack license includes a number of license slots which are used to
license waveform segments. The number of license slots varies depending on
the multi-pack license option that has been purchased. When a waveform
segment is licensed, it is assigned to one of the license slots. Waveform
segments licensed with a multi-pack license are perpetual and cannot be
exchanged. Once a waveform is licensed, that license is permanent and cannot
be revoked or replaced.
38 Source User’s Guide
Basic Digital Operation
Licensing
Signal Studio waveforms can be downloaded to the instrument and placed into
a waveform slot for a 48 hour trial period. This allows you to edit and reuse this
slot for 48 hours. After the 48 hour time period the STATUS of this slot will be
changed to LOCK REQUIRED. This waveform slot now has been consumed and
is no longer available for editing or reuse.
Option 2xx waveform licenses are transceiver specific (i.e. transceiver Host ID /
PCSERNO). If the licensed waveform segment is transferred from one
instrument to another the segment file must be re-licensed on the new
instrument by a multi-pack license on that instrument before it can be played
back.
To license additional waveforms that exceed the number permitted by a
multi-pack option, you must purchase an additional multi-pack option that
you do not already own. For example, if you have Option 221 and need
additional waveforms, you should purchase Option 222. Re-purchasing Option
221 for the same transceiver provides no additional multi-pack licenses.
Waveforms licensed with Options 2xx cannot be exchanged for different
waveforms. Once a waveform is licensed, that license is permanent and
cannot be revoked or replaced.
After licensing a waveform, you can make copies of the waveform using
different file names for use on the same transceiver and even rename the
original file without affecting the waveform license.
You can also use the Option 2xx to license waveforms from N76xxB Signal
Studio software downloaded during its 14–day free trial license. All of the
N76xxB Signal Studio software products provide a 14–day trial period (trial
license). This 14–day trial license lets you download and play back waveforms
during the trial period. These waveforms are denoted by the TRL in the status
message area of the waveform segment catalog. After the trial period expires,
the TRL message is removed but the waveform remains. You can license these
waveforms after the TRL message is gone.
To redeem an additional Option 2xx upgrade, refer to the Entitlement
Certificate that comes with the instrument order.
Installing an Option N7650B–22x/25x Waveform 5/50–Pack Licensing
1. Load a Waveform 5–Pack license, Option N7650B–22x/25x, into the
transceiver using License Manager or a USB media. For more information
on loading the Waveform 5/50–Pack License, refer to the
N7650B–22x/25x Entitlement Certificate.
Source User’s Guide 39
Basic Digital Operation
Licensing
Licensing a Source Waveform File
1. Create the waveform:
a. Download any of the N76xxB Signal Stud io software that interests
you. For downloading N76xxB Signal Studio software, refer to the
N76xxB Entitlement Certificate or trial website.
b. Create and download a waveform to the transceiver using any of the
N76xxB Signal Studio software. Refer to your Signal Studio
software Help. You can add the waveform to a license slot for a
48-hour trial period. During the trial period, the waveform can be
played and replaced any number of times. When the trial time
expires, the slot can no longer be used for playback until the slot is
locked for permanent playback capability. The slot status will
changed from "Remaining Trial Time" to "LOCK REQUIRED".
40 Source User’s Guide
Basic Digital Operation
Licensing
Waveform Licensing Interface
Click file icon in the bottom bar, and click Save key to access the
file type selection menu.
Select Waveform in the left column, and click Recall From File to display files
on the hard disk in C:\NVARB and then, highlight the desired waveform
segment. Press Recall to load this waveform segment from hard disk to ARB
memory.
The selected file name appears in the left column once it is loaded.
Go back to the ARB Setup menu. Click Waveform Utilities, Ad d Waveform,
select the waveform you want to assign to a slot, and press OK.
Figure 4-2 Assigning the waveform to a slot
Source User’s Guide 41
Basic Digital Operation
Licensing
The loaded waveform will be displayed with a status message of "Remaining
Trial Time 48 Hours". Select the desired waveform and press Lock Waveform
In Slot. A popup window asks you to confirm the lock operation; selecting OK
will change the status of the waveform to "LOCKED [date]". This indicates that
you have successfully licensed the waveform permanently.
Figure 4-3 Locking the waveform to the slot
42 Source User’s Guide
Basic Digital Operation
Licensing
Waveform Multi–Pack Licensing Status Messages
The following messages appear in the Waveform Multi-Pack license display in
the Status column. Table shows the meaning of the entries in the Status
column.
Table 4-1 Waveform Multi–Pack Licensing Status Messages
Status Message Meaning Notes
Remaining Trial
Time 48 Hours
Multi-Pack
Licensed
Multi-Pack
License Not
Required
The waveform can be replaced or modified for
the next 48 hours.
This waveform is licensed by Option 2xx.
This status message applies to:
Any free waveforms provided with the
instrument
Any customer created waveform
Any waveforms that have a valid license (e.g.
Trial (TRL) licenses, Advanced Design System
(ADS), etc.).
Once the 48 hour period has
expired, the waveform status
message changes to "LOCK
REQUIRED".
Once a Trial (TRL) license
expires, the waveform
becomes licensable (i.e. the
status message for the trial
waveform becomes "LOCK
REQUIRED") .
Source User’s Guide 43
Basic Digital Operation
Licensing
Other menu functions under Multi–Pack Licenses
— Replace Waveform: This key allows you to replace the waveform in the
selected slot during the 48 hour trial period.
— Clear Waveform from Slot: This key clears the waveform name from a used
slot so that the name can be used in another slot. Note that this does not
make the original waveform slot reusable, it merely makes the waveform
name reusable.
44 Source User’s Guide
Keysight
M9410A/M9411A PXIe Vector Transceiver
Source User’s Guide
5 Troubleshooting
This chapter identifies some checks you can make if the source in the
transceiver is not operating as expected. For information about non-source
related problems see the Getting Started Guide.
— “RF Output” on page 46
—“No RF Output
—“Power Supply Shuts Down
—“No Modulation at the RF Output
—“RF Output Power too Low
— “Error Messages” on page 47
— “Licenses” on page 47
— “Contacting Keysight Technologies” on page 48
45
RF Output
No RF Output
Power Supply Shuts Down
Troubleshooting
RF Output
—Check the RF Output On/Off key (In RF Source tab). If it is off, turn the RF
Output On to turn the output on (selection is underlined).
— Ensure that the amplitude is set within the source range.
— If the transceiver is playing a waveform, ensure that marker polarity and
routing settings are correct (see “Saving Marker Polarity and Routing
Settings” on page 31).
If the power supply does not work, it requires repair or replacement. If you are
unable to service the transceiver, send the transceiver to an Keysight service
center for repair (see “Contacting Keysight Technologies” on page 48).
No Modulation at the RF Output
Check the Modulation On/Off key, and ensure it is set to on.
RF Output Power too Low
— Check to see if the amplitude offset is set and if necessary, reset to 0 dB:
Choose Input/Output from the drop-down panel followed by Amplitude
Setup key of RF Source tab. Set Amptd Offset to 0 dB. See also “Setting an
Output Offset” on page 18.
46 Source User’s Guide
Troubleshooting
Error Messages
— Check to see if power reference is set and turned on and if necessary, turn
Error Messages
A complete list of error messages is provided in PDF format on the transceiver
(accessible from the Additional Documentation page of the online help) and
also on the Keysight website (www.keysight.com/find/m9410a).
Licenses
off the reference mode
1.Choose Input/Output from the drop-down panel followed by
Amplitude Setup key of RF Source tab. Press Power Ref to set to Off.
2.Reset the output power to the desired level.
See also “Setting an Output Reference” on page 19.
A time–based license stops working
— The transceiver time or date may have been reset forward causing the
time–based license to expire.
— The transceiver time or date may have been reset backward more than
approximately 25 hours, causing the transceiver to ignore time–based
licenses.
Cannot load a time–based license
The transceiver time or date may have been reset backward more than
approximately 25 hours, causing the transceiver to ignore time–based licenses.
Source User’s Guide 47
Troubleshooting
Contacting Keysight Technologies
Contacting Keysight Technologies
— assistance with test and measurements needs, and information on finding a
local Keysight office:
http://www.Keysight.com/find/assist
— accessories, documentation, or new firmware releases:
www.keysight.com/find/m9410a
If you do not have access to the Internet, please contact your field engineer.
In any correspondence or telephone conversation, refer to the transceiver by its
model number and full serial number. With this information, the Keysight
representative can determine whether your unit is still within its warranty period.
48 Source User’s Guide
This information is subject to change
without notice.
© Keysight Technologies 2018
Edition 1, December 2018
M9410-90010
www.keysight.com
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