Keysight Technologies 81650A, 81651A, 81654A, 81655A, 81656A User Manual

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Keysight 81650A/1A/4A/5A/ 6A/7A Laser Source Modules

User’s Guide

Notices

CAUTION

WARNING

No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Keysight Technologies as governed by United States and international copyright laws.

Manual Part Number

81650-90A13

Edition

Edition 8.0, January 2017

Keysight Technologies Deutschland GmbH Herrenberger Strasse 130, 71034 Böblingen, Germany

Technology Licenses

The hard ware and/or software described in this document are furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.

U.S. Government Rights

The Software is “commercial computer software,” as defined by Federal Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”) 2.101. Pursuant to FAR

12.212 and 27.405-3 and Department of Defense FAR Supplement

(“DFARS”) 227.7202, the U.S. government acquires commercial computer software under the same terms by which the software is customarily provided to the public. Accordingly, Keysight provides the Software to U.S. government customers under its standard commercial license, which is embodied in its End User License Agreement (EULA), a copy of which can be found at http://www.keysight.com/find/sweula. The license set forth in the EULA represents

the exclusive authority by which the U.S. government may use, modify, distribute, or disclose the Software. The EULA and the license set forth therein, does not require or permit, among other things, that Keysight: (1) Furnish technical information related to commercial computer software or commercial computer software documentation that is not customarily provided to the public; or (2) Relinquish to, or otherwise provide, the government rights in excess of these rights customarily provided to the public to use, mod ify, reproduce, release, perform, display, or d isclose commercial computer software or commercial computer software documentation. No additional government requirements beyond those set forth in the EULA shall apply, except to the extent that those terms, rights, or licenses are explicitly required from all providers of commercial computer software pursuant to the FAR and the DFARS and are set forth specifically in writing elsewhere in the EULA. Keysight shall be under no obligation to update, revise or otherwise modify the Software. With respect to any technical data as defined by FAR 2.101, pursuant to FAR

12.211 and 27.404.2 and DFARS 227.7102, the U.S. government acquires no greater than Limited Rights as defined in FAR

27.401 or DFAR 227.7103-5 (c), as applicable in any technical data.

Warranty

THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED "AS IS," AND IS SUBJECT TO BEING CHANGED, WITHOUT NOTICE, IN FUTURE EDITIONS. FURTHER, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, KEYSIGHT DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL AND ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF

MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. KEYSIGHT SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS OR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING, USE, OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN. SHOULD KEYSIGHT AND THE USER HAVE A SEPARATE WRITTEN AGREEMENT WITH WARRANTY TERMS COVERING THE MATERIAL IN THIS DOCUMENT THAT CONFLICT WITH THESE TERMS, THE WARRANTY TERMS IN THE SEPARATE AGREEMENT WILL CONTROL.

Safety Notices

A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to the product or loss of important data. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

A WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury or death. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

2 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

1 Getting Started with Laser Source Modules

Safety Considerations 8

Safety Symbols 8 Initial Inspection 8 Line Power Requirements 9 Operating Environment 9 Storage and Shipment 9 Environmental Information 10

Initial Safety Information for Laser Source Modules 11

Laser Safety Labels 13

Laser Class 1M 13 Laser Class 1 13

What is a Laser Source Module ? 14

A Description of the Front Panel 14 Optical Output 15

Keysight Technologies Sales and Service Offices 16

2 Accessories

Modules and Options 18

3 Specifications

Definition of Terms 20

Laser Source Module Specifications 23

Laser Source Module Specifications (Standard modules, 0 dBm) 23 Laser Source Module Specifications (High Power, 13 dBm) 24

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 3

Contents

4 Performance Tests

Equipment Required 28

Test Record 29

Test Failure 30

Instrument Specification 31

Performance Test 32

Center Wavelength and Spectral Bandwidth Test 32 Output Power and Stability Test 34

5 Cleaning Instructions

Cleaning Instructions for this Instrument 57

Safety Precautions 58

Why is it important to clean optical devices? 59

What do I need for proper cleaning? 60

Standard Cleaning Equipment 60 Additional Cleaning Equipment 63

Preserving Connectors 65

Cleaning Instrument Housings 66

Which Cleaning Procedure should I use? 67

Light dirt 67 Heavy dirt 67

How to clean connectors 68

Preferred Procedure 68 Procedure for Stubborn Dirt 69 An Alternative Procedure 69

How to clean connector interfaces 70

Preferred Procedure 70 Procedure for Stubborn Dirt 70

4 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Contents

How to clean bare fiber adapters 71

Preferred Procedure 71 Procedure for Stubborn Dirt 71

How to clean lenses 72

Preferred Procedure 72 Procedure for Stubborn Dirt 72

How to clean instruments with a fixed connector interface 73

How to clean instruments with an optical glass plate 74

How to clean instruments with a physical contact interface 75

Preferred Procedure 75 Procedure for Stubborn Dirt 75

How to clean instruments with a recessed lens interface 76

Preferred Procedure 76 Procedure for Stubborn Dirt 76

How to clean optical devices which are sensitive to mechanical stress and pressure 77

Preferred Procedure 77 Procedure for Stubborn Dirt 77 Alternative Procedure 77

How to clean metal filters or attenuator gratings 78

Preferred Procedure 78 Procedure for Stubborn Dirt 78

Additional Cleaning Information 79

How to clean bare fiber ends 79 How to clean large area lenses and mirrors 79

Other Cleaning Hints 81

Making the connection 81 Lens cleaning papers 81 Immersion oil and other index matching compounds 81 Cleaning the housing and the mainframe 82

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 5

Keysight 81650A/1A/4A/5A/6A/7A Laser Source Modules

User’s Guide

1 Getting Started with

Laser Source Modules

Safety Considerations / 8 Initial Safety Information for Laser Source Modules / 11 Laser Safety Labels / 13 What is a Laser Source Module ? / 14 Keysight Technologies Sales and Service Offices / 16

This chapter introduces the features of the Keysight 8165xA Fabry- Perot laser source modules.

1 Getting Started with Laser Source

WARNING

Safety Considerations

The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service, and repair of this instrument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the instrument. Keysight Technologies assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these requirements.

Before operation, review the instrument and manual, including the safety page, for safety markings and instructions. You must follow these to ensure safe operation and to maintain the instrument in safe condition.

The WARNING sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure, practice or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

8 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Safety Symbols

The apparatus will be marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instruction manual in order to protect the apparatus against damage.

Hazardous laser radiation.

Initial Inspection

Inspect the shipping container for damage. If there is damage to the container or cushioning, keep them until you have checked the contents of the shipment for completeness and verified the instrument both mechanically and electrically.

The Performance Tests give procedures for checking the operation of the

WARNING

instrument. If the contents are incomplete, mechanical damage or defect is apparent, or if an instrument does not pass the operator’s checks, notify the nearest Keysight Technologies Sales/Service Office.

To avoid hazardous electrical shock, do not perform electrical tests when there are signs of shipping damage to any portion of the outer enclosure (covers, panels, etc.).

You MUST return instruments with malfunctioning laser modules to a Keysight Technologies Service Center for repair and calibration.

Line Power Requirements

The Keysight 81650A/1A/2A/4A/5A/6A/7A Laser Source Modules operate when installed in the 8163A/B Light wave Multimeter, 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, and 8166A/B Light wave Multichannel System.

Getting Started with Laser Source 1

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 9

Operating Environment

The safety information in the 8163A/B Light wave Multimeter, 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, and 8166A/B Light wave Multichannel System User’s Guide summarizes the operating ranges for the 81650A/1A/2A/4A/5A/6A/7A Laser Source Modules. In order for these modules to meet specifications, the operating environment must be within the limits specified for the 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B.

Storage and Shipment

This module can be stored or shipped at temperatures between - 40°C and +70°C. Protect the module from temperature extremes that may cause condensation within it.

1 Getting Started with Laser Source

Environmental Information

This product complies with the WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC) marking requirements. The affixed label indicates that you must not discard this electrical/ electronic product in domestic household waste.

Product Category: With reference to the equipment types in the WEEE Directive Annex I, this product is classed as a “Monitoring and Control instrumentation” product.

Do not dispose in domestic household waste.

To return unwanted products, contact your local Keysight office, or see

http://about.keysight.com/en/companyinfo/environment/ takeback.shtml

for more information.

10 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Initial Safety Information for Laser Source Modules

The laser sources specified by this user guide are classified according to IEC 60825- 1 (2007). The laser sources comply with 21 CFR 1040.10 except for deviations pursuant to Laser Notice No. 50, dated 2007- June-

24.

Table 1 Standard Laser Source Modules Laser Safety Information

Keysight 81650A Keysight 81651A Keysight 81654A

Getting Started with Laser Source 1

Laser type FP-Laser

Wavelength (±15nm) 1310 nm 1550 nm 1310/1550 nm

Max. CW output power* <1.8 mW <1.8 mW <1.8 mW

Beam waist diameter 9

Numerical aperture 0.1 0.1 0.1

Laser Class accord ing to IEC 60825-1 (2007)

Max. permissible CW output power 15.6 mW 10 mW 15.6 mW/10 mW

* Max. CW output power is defined as the highest possible optical power that the laser source can produce at its output connector.

Table 2 High Power Laser Source Modules Laser Safety Information

Laser Type FP-Laser

Wavelength (±15nm) 1310 nm 1550 nm 1310/1550 nm

Max. CW output power* <28 mW <28 mW <28 mW

Beam waist diameter 9

InGaAsP

μm9 μm9 μm

111

Keysight 81655A Keysight 81656A Keysight 81657A

InGaAsP

μm9 μm9 μm

FP-Laser InGaAsP

Numerical aperture 0.1 0.1 0.1

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 11

1 Getting Started with Laser Source

Keysight 81655A Keysight 81656A Keysight 81657A

Laser Class accord ing to IEC 60825-1 (2007)

Max. permissible CW output power 52 mW 163 mW 52 mW/163 mW

* Max. CW output power is defined as the highest possible optical power that the laser source can produce at its output connector.

1M 1M 1M

12 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Laser Safety Labels

Laser Class 1M

Getting Started with Laser Source 1

Figure 1 Laser Class 1M Safety Label - Keysight 81655A/6A/7A

A sheet of laser safety labels is included with the laser module as required. In order to meet the requirements of IEC 60825- 1 we recommend that you stick the laser safety labels, in your language, onto a suitable location on the outside of the instrument where they are clearly visible to anyone using the instrument.

Laser Class 1

Figure 2 Laser Class 1 Safety Label - Keysight 81650A/1A/4A”

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 13

1 Getting Started with Laser Source

What is a Laser Source Module ?

A laser source module is a laser source that emits radiation at a specific optical wavelength. The specific range of fixed wavelength for each of the Keysight Technologies laser source modules can be found in the Specifications chapter of the relevant module’s User’s Guide.

A Description of the Front Panel

Figure 3 Front Panel of Low Power and High Power Laser Source Modules

To insert these modules into your mainframe see your mainframe’s User’s Guide.

How to Enable/Disable Laser Output

This indicates whether the module is emitting radiation. If the State parameter is On, the green LED on the front panel of the module is lit indicating the laser is active. If the State parameter is Off, green LED on the front panel of the module is unlit indicating the laser is inactive. You can switch the module by pressing the Active button on the front panel of the module.

14 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Optical Output

Angled Contact Connectors

Getting Started with Laser Source 1

The Keysight Fabry- Perot laser sources are equipped with a straight contact optical output connector as standard.

Figure 4 Straight Contact Connector Symbols

Figure 4 shows the symbol for straight contact connectors.

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 15

1 Getting Started with Laser Source

Keysight Technologies Sales and Service Offices

For more information about Keysight Technologies test and measurement products, applications, services, and for a current sales office listing, visit our web site:

http://www.keysight.com/find/lightwave

You can also contact one of the following centers and ask for a test and measurement sales representative.

United States 1 800 829 4444

Canada 1 877 894 4414

Europe +31 20 547 2111

Japan 120 421 345

Mexico (52 55) 5081 9469

Australia 800 629 485

Asia-Pacific +852 800 930 871

Latin-America +55 11 4197 3600

1 800 829 4433 (FAX)

1 800 746 4866(FAX)

+31 20 547 2190 (FAX)

120 421 678 (FAX)

(52 55) 5081 9467 (FAX)

800 142 134 (FAX)

+852 800 908 476(FAX)

+55 11 4197 3800 (FAX)

16 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Keysight 81650A/1A/4A/5A/6A/7A Laser Source Modules

User’s Guide

2 Accessories

Modules and Options / 18

The Keysight 81650A/1A/2A/4A/5A/6A/7A Laser Source Modules are available in various configurations for the best possible match to the most common applications.

This chapter provides information on the available options and accessories.

2 Accessories

Modules and Options

Figure 5 Recommended Connector Interfaces

18 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Keysight 81650A/1A/4A/5A/6A/7A Laser Source Modules

User’s Guide

3 Specifications

Definition of Terms / 20 Laser Source Module Specifications / 23

The Keysight 81650A/1A/2A/4A/5A/6A/7A Laser Source

Modules are produced to the ISO 9001 international quality system standard as part of Keysight Technologies’ commitment to continually increasing customer satisfaction through improved quality control.

Specifications describe the modules’ and heads’ warranted performance. Supplementary performance characteristics describe the modules’ and heads’ non- warranted typical performance.

Because of the modular nature of the instrument, these performance specifications apply to these modules and heads rather than the mainframe unit.

3 Specifications

Definition of Terms

This section defines terms that are used both in this chapter and

Performance Tests on page 27.

Generally, all specifications apply for the given environmental conditions and after warm-up time.

Measurement principles are indicated. Alternative, measurement principles of equal value are also acceptable.

Center wavelength

The center wavelength is defined as the spectral center of gravity. For a Fabry- Perot type laser source with discrete longitudinal modes, this definition can be expressed as:

where:

= power levels of the individual longitudinal lines

=wavelengths of the individual longitudinal lines

Spectral width

The spectral width of an optical source is defined as the source's fullwidth half-maximum (FWHM) spectral width, continuous spectrum, e.g., the spectrum of a Fabry- Perot type laser diode, the spectral width is defined as the FWHM of the spectral envelope, to be calculated from the RMS spectral width,

and

20 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Δλ

FWHM

Δλ

. For a non-

RMS

Specifications 3

where: λ

= ΣλPi = total power, in watts

total

= power of i th longitudinal mode

= wavelength of i th longitudinal mode, in vacuum

M = multiplication factor; for a source with a Gaussian envelope

M = 2.35; for other types of spectra, use M = 2.35 as well

Output power

The maximum output power at the specified center wavelength.

Conditions

Temperature within operating temperature range.

Measurement with power meter at the end of specified patch-cord.

CW power stability

The change of the power level during given time span, expressed as half the span of power changes relative to the mean power.

= center wavelength of laser diode in vacuum

center

Conditions

Uninterrupted line voltage, constant power level setting, operating temperature change not more than ±

CW power stability due to back-reflection

The change of the power level, expressed as half the span of power changes relative to the mean power caused by variable back-reflection within given limits.

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 21

ΔT as specified.

3 Specifications

NOTE

Conditions

Uninterrupted line voltage, constant power level setting, CW operation, operating temperature change within specified limits, minimum return loss as specified, all polarization states of back-reflection included.

Measurement

The change of the output power is monitored while the source’s susceptibility to back-reflection is tested by disturbing the laser oscillation with power reflected back into the laser, P sensitivity depends on the absolute power level of P polarization state of P

At fixed power levels of P when the states of polarization (SOP) of P power) are identical. To achieve this condition a polarization controller generates all SOPs of P case value with respect to the SOP. The test should be done at various power levels of P for a range of back reflectance.

. The back-reflection

back

, back-reflection sensitivity has its maximum

back

Thus the measured CW stability is a worst

back.

to address the fact that the CW stability is specified

back

and Pin (the source’s output

back

and on the

back

However, the highest back reflection is the most critical by experience.

Power reflected back from the radiating fiber end in general creates instability in the laser cavity (mode jumps) resulting in output power instability. The ratio of the incident optical power P optical power P

of an optical component is called return loss, symbol

back

RL:

22 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

to the reflected

Laser Source Module Specifications

Laser Source Module Specifications (Standard modules, 0 dBm)

Specifications apply to the end of a 2-meter long fiber cable (as specified under fiber type). All specifications are valid for an attenuation setting of

0.0 dB.

All modules require straight output connectors.

Table 3 Standard Laser Source Module Specifications

Laser Type Fabry-Perot Laser Diode

Center Wavelength

Fiber Type single-mode 9/125 μm

Spectral width (rms)

Output power > 0 dBm (1 mW)

CW power stability short term (15 min)

long term (24 h)

to back reflection (RL ≥ 14 dB)

1, 2

3, 4

Specifications 3

81650A 81651A 81654A

1310 nm

±15 nm

< 3.5 nm < 4.5 nm < 3.5 / 4.5 nm

< ± 0.005 dB typ. < ± 0.003 dB with coherence control active

typ. ± 0.03 dB

± 0.003 dB

typ.

1550 nm

±15 nm

1310/1550nm

±15 nm

Dimensions (H x W x D) 75 mm x 32 mm x 335 mm (2.8” x 1.3” x 13.2”)

Weight 0.5 kg

Recalibration Period 2 years

Operating Temperature 0

Humidity Non-condensing

Warm-up time

1 Central wavelength is shown on display

2 rms: root mean square

3 Warm-up time 20 minutes, if previously stored at the same temperature

4 Constant temperature ΔT = ± 1°C

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 23

°C to +45°C

60 minutes

3 Specifications

Laser Type Fabry-Perot Laser Diode

Center Wavelength

Supplementary Performance Characteristics

Internal digital mod ulation mode: 270 Hz, 330 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, and free selection 200 Hz to 10 kHz.

All outputs are pulse shaped, duty cycle 50%.

Improved coherence control for line-width broadening.

Output attenuation: The output power of all source modules can be attenuated from 0 dB to 6 dB in steps of 0.1 dB.

Laser Source Module Specifications (High Power, 13 dBm)

Specifications apply to the end of a 2-meter long fiber cable (as specified under fiber type). All specifications are valid for an attenuation setting of

0.0 dB.

All modules require straight output connectors.

Table 4 High Power Laser Source Module Specifications

Keysight 81655A Keysight 81656A Keysight 81657A

1310 nm ± 15 nm 1550 nm ± 15 nm 1310/1550nm ± 15 nm

Fiber Type single-mode 9/125 μm

Spectral width (rms)

Output power > +13 dBm (20 mW)

CW power stability short term (15 min)

long term (24 h) to backreflection (RL ≥ 14 dB)

Dimensions (H x W x D) 75 mm x 32 mm x 335 mm (2.8” x 1.3” x 13.2”)

Weight 0.5 kg

Recalibration Period 2 years

Operating Temperature 0

Humidity Non-condensing

Warm-up time

24 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

1, 2

3, 4

< 5.5 nm < 7.5 nm < 5.5 / 7.5 nm

< ± 0.005 dB typ. <

± 0.003 dB with coherence control active

± 0.03 dB

typ. typ. ± 0.003 dB

°C to +45°C

60 minutes

1 Central wavelength is shown on display

2 rms: root mean square

3 Warm-up time 20 minutes, if previously stored at the same temperature

Specifications 3

4 Constant temperature ΔT =

Supplementary Performance Characteristics

± 1°C

Internal digital mod ulation mode: 270 Hz, 330 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, and free selection 200 Hz to 10 kHz.

All outputs are pulse shaped, duty cycle 50%.

Internal coherence control for line-width broadening.

Output attenuation: The output power of all source modules can be attenuated from 0 dB to 6 dB in steps of 0.1 dB.

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 25

Keysight 81650A/1A/4A/5A/6A/7A Laser Source Modules

User’s Guide

4 Performance Tests

Equipment Required / 28

Test Record / 29

Test Failure / 30

Instrument Specification / 31

Performance Test / 32

Output Power and Stability Test / 34

The procedures in this section test the optical performance of the instrument. The complete specifications to which the Keysight 81650A/1A/4A/5A/6A/7A Laser Source module is tested are given in

Performance Tests on page 25. All tests can be performed without access

to the interior of the instrument.

4 Performance Tests

Equipment Required

Equipment required for the performance test is listed below.

Table 5 Required Equipment

Instrument/Accessory Recommended Model 81650A –

Multimeter Mainframe 8163A x Keysight 8163B, 8164B

Power Meter Standard 81533B Optical Head Interface

Module and 81525A Reference Optical Head

Optical Spectrum Analyzer 71452B x 86142B

Singlemode Fibers 81101AC x

81113PC x

Connector Adapters 81000SA x

Connector Interfaces 81000AI (2 ea) x

81000FI x

81657A

x Keysight 81618A and

Required Characteristics

Alternative Models

Keysight 81626B

Plastic Cap 5040-9351 x

Legend:

- not applicable

x necessary

o optional

28 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Test Record

Performance Tests 4

Results of the performance test may be tabulated on the Test Record provided at the end of the test procedures. It is recommended that you fill out the Test Record and refer to it while doing the test. Since the test limits and setup information are printed on the Test Record for easy reference, the record can also be used as an abbreviated test procedure (if you are already familiar with the test procedures). The Test Record can also be used as a permanent record and may be reproduced without written permission from Keysight Technologies.

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 29

4 Performance Tests

Test Failure

If the Keysight 81650A/1A/4A/5A/6A/7A Laser Source module fails any performance test, return the instrument to the nearest Keysight Technologies Sales/Service Office for repair.

30 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Instrument Specification

Performance Tests 4

Specifications are the performance characteristics of the instrument that is certified. These specifications, listed in Specifications on page 19, are the performance standards or limits against which the Keysight Technologies 81650A/1A/4A/5A/6A/7A Laser Source module can be tested.

Specifications on page 19 also lists some supplemental characteristics of

the Keysight Technologies 81650A/1A/4A/5A/6A/7A Laser Source module and should be considered as additional information.

Any changes in the specifications due to manufacturing changes, design, or traceability to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), will be covered in a manual change supplement, or revised manual. Such specifications supersede any that were previously published.

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 31

4 Performance Tests

NOTE

Performance Test

The performance tests given in this section includes the Output Power Test and the Stability Test. Perform each step in the order given, using the corresponding test equipment.

Make sure that all optical connections of the test setups given in the procedure are dry and clean. DO NOT USE INDEX MATCHING OIL. For cleaning, use the cleaning instructions given in

Cleaning Instructions on

page 55.

The ambient temperature must be constant (±1K) during the test. The power meter must be zeroed before the measurement.

Tip: The full sequence of tests should be performed first at 1310 nm and again at 1550 nm if using a dual wavelength source. Performing all the tests for one wavelength together provides the warm- up time for the stability test.

32 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Center Wavelength and Spectral Bandwidth Test

Figure 6 Measurement Setup for Center Wavelength and Spectral Bandwidth

1 Make sure that cable connector, detectors and adapters are clean. 2 Setup the equipment as shown in Figure 6. 3 Switch the Keysight 8165xA Laser Source module on. 4 Press the green button InstrPreset on the 71452B front panel to reset

the optical spectrum analyzer.

5 Start the auto measurement by pressing the yellow button Auto Meas. 6 Adjust the Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) for use with Fabry- Perot

laser sources (the Keysight 8165xA DUTs are Fabry- Perot laser sources):

a Press the User hardkey. b Press the [FP] softkey.

7 Set up the spectrum analyzer:

a Press Menu. b Press the [Amptd] softkey. c Press the [Linear] softkey. d Press the User hardkey. e Press the [SingleSweep] softkey.

8 In the field given at the top of the screen, the Fabry-Perot laser test

results are shown. Note the mean wavelength and the rms bandwidth (sigma) in the test record.

Example for Keysight Technologies 81650A

Performance Tests 4

Parameter Min Spec Result Max Spec

Mean wavelength 1295.0 nm 1309,46 nm 1325.0 nm

rms bandwid th 2,87 nm < 3.5 nm

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 33

4 Performance Tests

Output Power and Stability Test

Figure 7 Measurement Setup for Output Power and Stability Test

Output Power Test

1 Make absolutely sure that cable connectors and detector windows are

clean.

2 Enable the laser output of the Keysight 8165xA and allow instruments

to warm up for at least 20 minutes.

3 On the power meter:

a Set the wavelength of the power sensor exactly to the wavelength of

the laser source.

b Ensure that the [Cal] parameter on the power meter is set to zero. c With the connector adapter on the optical head, covered with a

plastic cap, zero the power meter.

d Set the averaging time to 500 ms. 4 Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 7. 5 On the Keysight 8163A with the module under test (DUT):

a Ensure that the laser source is in CW mode.

b Ensure that the attenuation for the measured wavelength is set to

zero.

6 Measure the output power and note the result in the test record.

34 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Stability Test

1 Make sure the laser source Keysight 8165xA has warmed up for 20

2 Select the channel with the source.

3 Using the Keysight 81113PC cable, connect the output of the source to

4 On the mainframe, press Appl and select the Stability application. 5 Press Parameter and set the Total time to 15:00 minutes. 6 Edit the averaging time to 1s and make sure that the maximum number

7 Set the wavelength of the sensor to the wavelength of the source. 8 Select as Range mode 'Auto'. 9 Start the stability measurement by pressing 'Measure'. Do not touch

10 When the stability test has completed, press 'Analysis', select as unit

11 Note the result

Performance Tests 4

minutes.

a Ensure that the modulation of the source is switched off.

b Make sure that the attenuation of the source is set to zero.

the input of the sensor. Make sure that the cable is fixed and that it cannot be moved during the measurement.

of samples exceeds 900.

the cables while the measurement is running.

[dB] and press more.

ΔP in the test record.

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 35

4 Performance Tests

Performance Test for the Keysight 81650A

Page 1 of 3

Model Keysight 81650A

Serial No. _________________________ Ambient Temperature ___________°C

Options _________________________ Relative Humidity ___________%

Firmware Rev. _________________________ Line Frequency ___________ Hz

Test Facility _________________________ Customer _________________________

Performed by _________________________ Report No _________________________

Special Notes ______________________________________________________________________

Laser Source Module (1310 nm)

______________________________________________________________________

Date ___________

36 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Performance Tests 4

Performance Test for the Keysight 81650A

Page 2 of 3

Description Model No. Trace No Cal. Due Date

1a Lightwave Multimeter (Std.) 8163A ____________ ___________

1b TLS Mainframe 8164A ____________ ___________

2a Opt. Head Interface Module 81533B ____________ ___________

2b Opt. Head Interface Module Keysight 81618A ____________ ___________

3a Optical Head 81525A ____________ ___________

3b Optical Head Keysight 81626B ____________ ___________

4 Optical Spectrum Analyzer 71452B ____________ ___________

5 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

6 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

7 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

8 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

9 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

10 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

11 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

Test Equipment Used

12 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

Accessories # Product # Prod uct # Product

Connector Adapters 1 81000AA

Backreflector Kit 1 8156A #203

Connector Adapters 1 81000AA

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 37

4 Performance Tests

Performance Test for the Keysight 81650A

Page 3 of 3

Model Keysight 81650A Sensor Module Report No.________ Date ________________

Test

Center Wavelength Min.

No.

IAccuracy Test [nm]

Spec.

Result Max.

Spec.

Measurement Uncertainty

measured at _______ nm (1310nm)

II Spectral Band width (rms) [nm]

measured at _______ nm (1310 nm) _______ < 3.5 nm

III Output Power [dBm]

measured at _______ nm (1310 nm) 0 dBm < _______

IV Power Stability [dB] [dB]

measured at _______ nm (1310 nm) _______ < 0.01

1295 nm _______ 1325 nm

38 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Performance Test for the Keysight 81651A

Page 1 of 3

Performance Tests 4

Model Keysight 81651A

Laser Source Module (1550 nm)

Serial No. _________________________ Ambient Temperature ___________°C

Options _________________________ Relative Humidity ___________ %

Firmware Rev. _________________________ Line Frequency ___________ Hz

Test Facility _________________________ Customer _________________________

Performed by _________________________ Report No _________________________

Special Notes ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Date ___________

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 39

4 Performance Tests

Performance Test for the Keysight 81651A

Page 2 of 3

Description Model No. Trace No Cal. Due Date

1a Lightwave Multimeter (Std.) 8163A ____________ ___________

1b TLS Mainframe 8164A ____________ ___________

2a Opt. Head Interface Module 81533B ____________ ___________

2b Opt. Head Interface Module Keysight 81618A ____________ ___________

3a Optical Head 81525A ____________ ___________

3b Optical Head Keysight 81626B ____________ ___________

4 Optical Spectrum Analyzer 71452B ____________ ___________

5 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

6 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

7 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

8 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

9 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

10 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

11 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

Test Equipment Used

12 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

Accessories # Product # Prod uct # Prod uct

Connector Adapters 1 81000AA

Backreflector Kit 1 8156A #203

Connector Adapters 1 81000AA

40 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Performance Test for the Keysight 81651A

Page 3 of 3

Model Keysight 81651A Sensor Module Report No.________ Date ________________

Performance Tests 4

Test No.

I Accuracy Test [nm]

II Spectral Band width (rms) [nm]

III Output Power [dBm]

IV Power Stability [dB] [dB]

Center Wavelength Min. Spec. Result Max. Spec. Measurement

measured at _______ nm (1550nm)

measured at _______ nm (1550 nm) _______ < 4.5 nm

measured at _______ nm (1550 nm) 0 dBm < _______

measured at _______ nm (1550 nm) _______ < 0.01

1535 nm _______ 1565 nm

Uncertainty

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 41

4 Performance Tests

Performance Test for the Keysight 81654A

Page 1 of 3

Model Keysight 81654A

Serial No. _________________________ Ambient Temperature ___________°C

Options _________________________ Relative Humid ity ___________ %

Firmware Rev. _________________________ Line Frequency ___________ Hz

Test Facility _________________________ Customer _________________________

Performed by _________________________ Report No _________________________

Special Notes ______________________________________________________________________

Laser Source Module (1310/1550 nm)

______________________________________________________________________

Date ___________

42 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Performance Tests 4

Performance Test for the Keysight 81654A

Page 2 of 3

Description Model No. Trace No Cal. Due Date

1a Lightwave Multimeter (Std.) 8163A ____________ ___________

1b TLS Mainframe 8164A ____________ ___________

2a Opt. Head Interface Module 81533B ____________ ___________

2b Opt. Head Interface Module Keysight 81618A ____________ ___________

3a Optical Head 81525A ____________ ___________

3b Optical Head Keysight 81626B ____________ ___________

4 Optical Spectrum Analyzer 71452B ____________ ___________

5 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

6 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

7 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

8 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

9 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

10 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

11 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

Test Equipment Used

12 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

Accessories # Product # Product # Prod uct

Connector Adapters 1 81000AA

Backreflector Kit 1 8156A #203

Connector Adapters 1 81000AA

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 43

4 Performance Tests

Performance Test for the Keysight 81654A

Page 3 of 3

Model Keysight 81654A Sensor Module Report No.________ Date ________________

Test No.

I Accuracy Test [nm]

II Spectral Band width (rms) [nm]

III Output Power [dBm]

Center Wavelength Min. Spec. Resul t Max. Spec. Measurement

measured at _______ nm (1310 nm)

measured at _______ nm (1550 nm)

measured at _______ nm (1310 nm) _______ < 3.5 nm

measured at _______ nm (1550 nm) _______ < 4.5 nm

measured at _______ nm (1310 nm) 0 dBm < _______

measured at _______ nm (1550 nm) 0 dBm < _______

1295 nm _______ 1325 nm

1535 nm _______ 1565 nm

Uncertainty

IV Power Stability [dB] [dB]

measured at _______ nm (1310 nm) _______ < 0.01

measured at _______ nm (1550 nm) _______ < 0.01

44 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Performance Test for the Keysight 81655A

Page 1 of 3

Performance Tests 4

Model Keysight 81655A

Laser Source Module (1310 nm)

Serial No. _________________________ Ambient Temperature ___________°C

Options _________________________ Relative Humidity ___________ %

Firmware Rev. _________________________ Line Frequency ___________ Hz

Test Facility _________________________ Customer _________________________

Performed by _________________________ Report No _________________________

Special Notes ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Date ___________

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 45

4 Performance Tests

Performance Test for the Keysight 81655A

Page 2 of 3

Description Model No. Trace No Cal. Due Date

1a Lightwave Multimeter (Std.) 8163A ____________ ___________

1b TLS Mainframe 8164A ____________ ___________

2a Opt. Head Interface Module 81533B ____________ ___________

2b Opt. Head Interface Module Keysight 81618A ____________ ___________

3a Optical Head 81525A ____________ ___________

3b Optical Head Keysight 81626B ____________ ___________

4 Optical Spectrum Analyzer 71452B ____________ ___________

5 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

6 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

7 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

8 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

9 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

10 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

11 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

Test Equipment Used

12 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

Accessories # Product # Prod uct # Prod uct

Connector Adapters 1 81000AA

Backreflector Kit 1 8156A #203

Connector Adapters 1 81000AA

46 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Performance Test for the Keysight 81655A

Page 3 of 3

Model Keysight 81655A Sensor Module Report No.________ Date ________________

Performance Tests 4

Test No.

I Accuracy Test [nm]

II Spectral Band width (rms) [nm]

III Output Power [dBm]

IV Power Stability [dB] [dB]

Center Wavelength Min. Spec. Resul t Max. Spec. Measurement

measured at _______ nm (1310nm)

measured at _______ nm (1310 nm) _______ < 5.5 nm

measured at _______ nm (1310 nm) 13 dBm < _______

measured at _______ nm (1310 nm) _______ < 0.01

1295 nm _______ 1325 nm

Uncertainty

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 47

4 Performance Tests

Performance Test for the Keysight 81656A

Page 1 of 3

Model Keysight 81656A

Serial No. _________________________ Ambient Temperature ___________°C

Options _________________________ Relative Humidity ___________ %

Firmware Rev. _________________________ Line Frequency ___________ Hz

Test Facility _________________________ Customer _________________________

Performed by _________________________ Report No _________________________

Special Notes ______________________________________________________________________

Laser Source Module (1550 nm)

______________________________________________________________________

Date ___________

48 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Performance Tests 4

Performance Test for the Keysight 81656A

Page 2 of 3

Description Model No. Trace No Cal. Due Date

1a Lightwave Multimeter (Std.) 8163A ____________ ___________

1b TLS Mainframe 8164A ____________ ___________

2a Opt. Head Interface Module 81533B ____________ ___________

2b Opt. Head Interface Module Keysight 81618A ____________ ___________

3a Optical Head 81525A ____________ ___________

3b Optical Head Keysight 81626B ____________ ___________

4 Optical Spectrum Analyzer 71452B ____________ ___________

5 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

6 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

7 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

8 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

9 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

10 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

11 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

Test Equipment Used

12 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

Accessories # Product # Product # Product

Connector Adapters 1 81000AA

Backreflector Kit 1 8156A #203

Connector Adapters 1 81000AA

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 49

4 Performance Tests

Performance Test for the Keysight 81656A

Page 3 of 3

Model Keysight 81656A Sensor Module Report No.________ Date ________________

Test

Center Wavelength Min. Spec. Result Max. Spec. Measurement

No.

I Accuracy Test [nm]

Uncertainty

measured at _______ nm (1550nm)

II Spectral Bandwid th (rms) [nm]

measured at _______ nm (1550 nm) _______ < 7.5 nm

III Output Power [dBm]

measured at _______ nm (1550 nm) 13 dBm < _______

IV Power Stability [dB] [dB]

measured at _______ nm (1550 nm) _______ < 0.01

1535 nm _______ 1565 nm

50 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Performance Test for the Keysight 81657A

Page 1 of 3

Performance Tests 4

Model Keysight 81657A

Laser Source Module (1310/1550 nm)

Serial No. _________________________ Ambient Temperature ___________°C

Options _________________________ Relative Humidity ___________ %

Firmware Rev. _________________________ Line Frequency ___________ Hz

Test Facility _________________________ Customer _________________________

Performed by _________________________ Report No _________________________

Special Notes ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Date ___________

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 51

4 Performance Tests

Performance Test for the Keysight 81657A

Page 2 of 3

Description Model No. Trace No Cal. Due Date

1a Lightwave Multimeter (Std.) 8163A ____________ ___________

1b TLS Mainframe 8164A ____________ ___________

2a Opt. Head Interface Module 81533B ____________ ___________

2b Opt. Head Interface Module Keysight 81618A ____________ ___________

3a Optical Head 81525A ____________ ___________

3b Optical Head Keysight 81626B ____________ ___________

4 Optical Spectrum Analyzer 71452B ____________ ___________

5 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

6 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

7 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

8 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

9 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

10 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

11 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

Test Equipment Used

12 ____________________________ ____________ ____________ ___________

Accessories # Product # Prod uct # Prod uct

Connector Adapters 1 81000AA

Backreflector Kit 1 8156A #203

Connector Adapters 1 81000AA

52 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Performance Test for the Keysight 81657A

Page 3 of 3

Model Keysight 81657A Sensor Module Report No.________ Date ________________

Performance Tests 4

Test No.

I Accuracy Test [nm]

II Spectral Band width (rms) [nm]

III Output Power [dBm]

Center Wavelength Min. Spec. Result Max. Spec. Measurement

measured at _______ nm (1310 nm)

measured at _______ nm (1550 nm)

measured at _______ nm (1310 nm) _______ < 5.5 nm

measured at _______ nm (1550 nm) _______ < 7.5 nm

measured at _______ nm (1310 nm) 13 dBm < _______

measured at _______ nm (1550 nm) 13 dBm < _______

1295 nm _______ 1325 nm

1535 nm _______ 1565 nm

Uncertainty

IV Power Stability [dB] [dB]

measured at _______ nm (1310 nm) _______ < 0.01

measured at _______ nm (1550 nm) _______ < 0.01

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 53

Keysight 81650A/1A/4A/5A/6A/7A Laser Source Modules

User’s Guide

5 Cleaning Instructions

Cleaning Instructions for this Instrument / 57 Safety Precautions / 58 Why is it important to clean optical devices? / 59 What do I need for proper cleaning? / 60 Additional Cleaning Equipment / 63 Preserving Connectors / 65 Cleaning Instrument Housings / 66 Which Cleaning Procedure should I use? / 67 How to clean connectors / 68 How to clean connector interfaces / 70 How to clean bare fiber adapters / 71 How to clean lenses / 72 How to clean instruments with a fixed connector interface / 73 How to clean instruments with an optical glass plate / 74 How to clean instruments with a physical contact interface / 75 How to clean instruments with a recessed lens interface / 76 How to clean optical devices which are sensitive to mechanical stress and

pressure / 77 How to clean metal filters or attenuator gratings / 78 Additional Cleaning Information / 79 Other Cleaning Hints / 81

5 Cleaning Instructions

The following Cleaning Instructions contain some general safety precautions, which must be observed during all phases of cleaning. Consult your specific optical device manuals or guides for full information on safety matters.

Please try, whenever possible, to use physically contacting connectors, and dry connections. Clean the connectors, interfaces, and bushings carefully after use.

If you are unsure of the correct cleaning procedure for your optical device, we recommend that you first try cleaning a dummy or test device.

Keysight Technologies assume no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these requirements.

56 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Cleaning Instructions for this Instrument

The Cleaning Instructions apply to a number of different types of Optical Equipment. Table 6 lists the sections that are relevant to the various modules that can be installed in this instrument.

Table 6 Cleaning Instructions for Modules

Modules Instruction

Cleaning Instructions 5

Optical Heads How to clean instruments with an optical glass plate on

Laser Source Modules How to clean instruments with a physical contact

Tunable Laser Modules How to clean instruments with a physical contact

Return Loss Modules How to clean instruments with a physical contact

LED Source Modules How to clean instruments with a physical contact

page 74.

interface

on page 75.

interface on page 75.

Keysight 81633A/4A Power Sensor Modules

All other Power Sensor Modules

If you must clean these modules, please refer the module to the skilled personnel of Keysight’s service team.

How to clean instruments with a recessed lens interface on page 76.

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 57

5 Cleaning Instructions

Safety Precautions

Please follow the following safety rules:

• Do not remove instrument covers when operating.

• Ensure that the instrument is switched off throughout the cleaning

procedures.

• Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other

than those specified may result in hazardous radiation exposure.

• Make sure that you disable all sources when you are cleaning any

optical interfaces.

• Under no circumstances look into the end of an optical device attached

to optical outputs when the device is operational. The laser radiation is

not visible to the human eye, but it can seriously damage your eyesight.

• To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the instrument from the mains

before cleaning. Use a dry cloth, or one slightly dampened with water,

to clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean internally.

• Do not install parts or perform any unauthorized modification to optical

devices.

• Refer servicing only to qualified and authorized personnel.

58 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Why is it important to clean optical devices?

In transmission links optical fiber cores are about 9 mm (0.00035") in diameter. Dust and other particles, however, can range from tenths to hundredths of microns in diameter.

Their comparative size means that they can cover a part of the end of a fiber core, and as a result will reduce the performance of your system.

Furthermore, the power density may burn dust into the fiber and cause additional damage (for example, 0 dBm optical power in a single mode fiber causes a power density of approximately 16 million W/m2). If this happens, measurements become inaccurate and non- repeatable.

Cleaning is, therefore, an essential yet difficult task. Unfortunately, when comparing most published cleaning recommendations, you will discover that they contain several inconsistencies. In this section, we want to suggest ways to help you clean your various optical devices, and thus significantly improve the accuracy and repeatability of your lightwave measurements.

Cleaning Instructions 5

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 59

5 Cleaning Instructions

What do I need for proper cleaning?

Some Standard Cleaning Equipment is necessary for cleaning your instrument. For certain cleaning procedures, you may also require certain Additional Cleaning Equipment.

Standard Cleaning Equipment

Before you can start your cleaning procedure you need the following standard equipment:

• Dust and shutter caps

• Isopropyl alcohol

• Cotton swabs

• Soft tissues

• Pipe cleaner

• Compressed air

60 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Dust and shutter caps

All of Keysight Technologies’ lightwave instruments are delivered with either laser shutter caps or dust caps on the light-wave adapter. Any cables come with covers to protect the cable ends from damage or contamination.

We suggest these protected coverings should be kept on the equipment at all times, except when your optical device is in use. Be careful when replacing dust caps after use. Do not press the bottom of the cap onto the fiber too hard, as any dust in the cap can scratch or pollute your fiber surface. If you need further dust caps, please contact your nearest Keysight Technologies sales office.

Isopropyl alcohol

This solvent is usually available from any local pharmaceutical supplier or chemist's shop.

If you use isopropyl alcohol to clean your optical device, do not immediately dry the surface with compressed air (except when you are cleaning very sensitive optical devices). This is because the dust and the dirt is solved and will leave behind filmy deposits after the alcohol is

evaporated. You should therefore first remove the alcohol and the dust with a soft tissue, and then use compressed air to blow away any remaining filaments.

If possible avoid using denatured alcohol containing additives. Instead, apply alcohol used for medical purposes.

Never try to drink this alcohol, as it may seriously damage your health.

Do not use any other solvents, as some may damage plastic materials and claddings. Acetone, for example, will dissolve the epoxy used with fiber optic connectors. To avoid damage, only use isopropyl alcohol.

Cotton swabs

We recommend that you use swabs such as Q-tips or other cotton swabs normally available from local distributors of medical and hygiene products (for example, a supermarket or a chemist's shop). You may be able to obtain various sizes of swab. If this is the case, select the smallest size for your smallest devices.

Ensure that you use natural cotton swabs. Foam swabs will often leave behind filmy deposits after cleaning.

Use care when cleaning, and avoid pressing too hard onto your optical device with the swab. Too much pressure may scratch the surface, and could cause your device to become misaligned. It is advisable to rub gently over the surface using only a small circular movement.

Swabs should be used straight out of the packet, and never used twice. This is because dust and dirt in the atmosphere, or from a first cleaning, may collect on your swab and scratch the surface of your optical device.

Cleaning Instructions 5

Soft tissues

These are available from most stores and distributors of medical and hygiene products such as supermarkets or chemists' shops.

We recommend that you do not use normal cotton tissues, but multi layered soft tissues made from non-recycled cellulose. Cellulose tissues are very absorbent and softer. Consequently, they will not scratch the surface of your device over time.

Use care when cleaning, and avoid pressing on your optical device with the tissue. Pressing too hard may lead to scratches on the surface or misalignment of your device. Just rub gently over the surface using a small circular movement.

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 61

5 Cleaning Instructions

Use only clean, fresh soft tissues and never apply them twice. Any dust and dirt from the air which collects on your tissue, or which has gathered after initial cleaning, may scratch and pollute your optical device.

Pipe cleaner

Pipe cleaners can be purchased from tobacconists, and come in various shapes and sizes.The most suitable one to select for cleaning purposes has soft bristles, which will not produces scratches. There are many different kinds of pipe cleaner available from tobacco shops.

The best way to use a pipe cleaner is to push it in and out of the device opening (for example, when cleaning an interface). While you are cleaning, you should slowly rotate the pipe cleaner.

Only use pipe cleaners on connector interfaces or on feed through adapters. Do not use them on optical head adapters, as the center of a pipe cleaner is hard metal and can damage the bottom of the adapter.

Your pipe cleaner should be new when you use it. If it has collected any dust or dirt, this can scratch or contaminate your device.

The tip and center of the pipe cleaner are made of metal. Avoid accidentally pressing these metal parts against the inside of the device, as this can cause scratches.

Compressed air

Compressed air can be purchased from any laboratory supplier.

It is essential that your compressed air is free of dust, water and oil. Only use clean, dry air. If not, this can lead to filmy deposits or scratches on the surface of your connector. This will reduce the performance of your transmission system.

When spraying compressed air, hold the can upright. If the can is held at a slant, propellant could escape and dirty your optical device. First spray into the air, as the initial stream of compressed air could contain some condensation or propellant. Such condensation leaves behind a filmy deposit.

Please be friendly to your environment and use a CFC-free aerosol.

62 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Additional Cleaning Equipment

Some Cleaning Procedures need the following equipment, which is not required to clean each instrument:

• Microscope with a magnification range about 50X up to 300X

• Ultrasonic bath

• Warm water and liquid soap

• Premoistened cleaning wipes

• Polymer film

• Infrared Sensor Card

Microscope with a magnification range about 50X up to 300X

A microscope can be found in most photography stores, or can be obtained through or specialist mail order companies. Special fiber-scopes are available from suppliers of splicing equipment.

Ideally, the light source on your microscope should be very flexible. This will allow you to examine your device closely and from different angles. A microscope helps you to estimate the type and degree of dirt on your device. You can use a microscope to choose an appropriate cleaning method, and then to examine the results. You can also use your microscope to judge whether your optical device (such as a connector) is severely scratched and is, therefore, causing inaccurate measurements.

Cleaning Instructions 5

Ultrasonic bath

Ultrasonic baths are also available from photography or laboratory suppliers or specialist mail order companies.

An ultrasonic bath will gently remove fat and other stubborn dirt from your optical devices. This helps increase the life span of the optical devices.

Only use isopropyl alcohol in your ultrasonic bath, as other solvents may damage.

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 63

5 Cleaning Instructions

Warm water and liquid soap

Only use water if you are sure that there is no other way of cleaning your optical device without corrosion or damage. Do not use hot water, as this may cause mechanical stress, which can damage your optical device.

Ensure that your liquid soap has no abrasive properties or perfume in it. You should also avoid normal washing-up liquid, as it can cover your device in an iridescent film after it has been air-dried.

Some lenses and mirrors also have a special coating, which may be sensitive to mechanical stress, or to fat and liquids. For this reason we recommend you do not touch them. If you are not sure how sensitive your device is to cleaning, please contact the manufacturer or your sales distributor.

Premoistened cleaning wipes

Use pre-moistened cleaning wipes as described in each individual cleaning procedure. Cleaning wipes may be used in every instance where a moistened soft tissue or cotton swab is applied.

Polymer film

Polymer film is available from laboratory suppliers or specialist mail order companies.

Using polymer film is a gentle method of cleaning extremely sensitive devices, such as reference reflectors and mirrors.

Infrared Sensor Card

Infrared sensor cards are available from laboratory suppliers or specialist mail order companies.

With this card you are able to control the shape of laser light emitted. The invisible laser beam is projected onto the sensor card, then becomes visible to the normal eye as a round spot.

Take care never to look into the end of a fiber or any other optical component, when they are in use. This is because the laser can seriously damage your eyes.

64 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Preserving Connectors

Making Connections

Dust Caps and Shutter Caps

Cleaning Instructions 5

Listed below are some hints on how best to keep your connectors in the best possible condition.

Before you make any connection you must ensure that all cables and connectors are clean. If they are dirty, use the appropriate cleaning procedure.

When inserting the ferrule of a patch-cord into a connector or an adapter, make sure that the fiber end does not touch the outside of the mating connector or adapter. Otherwise you will rub the fiber end against an unsuitable surface, producing scratches and dirt deposits on the surface of your fiber.

Be careful when replacing dust caps after use. Do not press the bottom of the cap onto the fiber as any dust in the cap can scratch or dirty your fiber surface.

When you have finished cleaning, put the dust cap back on, or close the shutter cap if the equipment is not going to be used immediately.

Keep the caps on the equipment always when it is not in use.

All of Keysight Technologies’ lightwave instruments and accessories are shipped with either laser shutter caps or dust caps. If you need additional or replacement dust caps, contact your nearest Keysight Technologies Sales/Service Office.

Immersion Oil and Other Index Matching Compounds

Where it is possible, do not use immersion oil or other index matching compounds with your device. They are liable to impair and dirty the surface of the device. In addition, the characteristics of your device can be changed and your measurement results affected.

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 65

5 Cleaning Instructions

Cleaning Instrument Housings

Use a dry and very soft cotton tissue to clean the instrument housing and the keypad. Do not open the instruments as there is a danger of electric shock, or electrostatic discharge. Opening the instrument can cause damage to sensitive components, and in addition your warranty will be voided.

66 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Which Cleaning Procedure should I use?

Light dirt

If you just want to clean away light dirt, observe the following procedure for all devices:

• Use compressed air to blow away large particles.

• Clean the device with a dry cotton swab.

• Use compressed air to blow away any remaining filament left by the

•swab.

Heavy dirt

If the above procedure is not enough to clean your instrument, follow one of the procedures below. Please consult Cleaning Instructions for this

Instrument on page 57 for the procedure relevant for this instrument.

If you are unsure of how sensitive your device is to cleaning, please contact the manufacturer or your sales distributor.

Cleaning Instructions 5

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 67

5 Cleaning Instructions

WARNING

How to clean connectors

Cleaning connectors is difficult as the core diameter of a single-mode fiber is only about 9 mm. This generally means you cannot see streaks or scratches on the surface. To be certain of the condition of the surface of your connector and to check it after cleaning, you need a microscope.

In the case of scratches, or of dust that has been burnt onto the surface of the connector, you may have no option but to polish the connector. This depends on the degree of dirtiness, or the depth of the scratches. This is a difficult procedure and should only be performed by skilled personal, and as a last resort as it wears out your connector.

Never look into the end of an optical cable that is connected to an active source.

To assess the projection of the emitted light beam you can use an infrared sensor card. Hold the card approximately 5 cm from the output of the connector. The invisible emitted light is project onto the card and becomes visible as a small circular spot.

68 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Preferred Procedure

Use the following procedure on most occasions: 1 Clean the connector by rubbing a new, dry cotton-swab over the

surface using a small circular movement.

2 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

Procedure for Stubborn Dirt

Use this procedure particularly when there is greasy dirt on the connector: 1 Moisten a new cotton-swab with isopropyl alcohol. 2 Clean the connector by rubbing the cotton-swab over the surface

using a small circular movement.

3 Take a new, dry soft-tissue and remove the alcohol, dissolved sediment

and dust, by rubbing gently over the surface using a small circular movement.

4 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

An Alternative Procedure

A better, more gentle, but more expensive cleaning procedure is to use an ultrasonic bath with isopropyl alcohol.

1 Hold the tip of the connector in the bath for at least three minutes. 2 Take a new, dry soft-tissue and remove the alcohol, dissolved sediment

and dust, by rubbing gently over the surface using a small circular movement.

3 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

Cleaning Instructions 5

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 69

5 Cleaning Instructions

CAUTION

How to clean connector interfaces

Be careful when using pipe-cleaners, as the core and the bristles of the pipe-cleaner are hard and can damage the interface.

Do not use pipe-cleaners on optical head adapters, as the hard core of normal pipe cleaners can damage the bottom of an adapter.

Preferred Procedure

Use the following procedure on most occasions: 1 Clean the interface by pushing and pulling a new, dry pipe-cleaner into

the opening. Rotate the pipe-cleaner slowly as you do this.

2 Then clean the interface by rubbing a new, dry cotton-swab over the

surface using a small circular movement.

3 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

Procedure for Stubborn Dirt

Use this procedure particularly when there is greasy dirt on the interface: 1 Moisten a new pipe-cleaner with isopropyl alcohol. 2 Clean the interface by pushing and pulling the pipe-cleaner into the

opening. Rotate the pipe-cleaner slowly as you do this. 3 Moisten a new cotton-swab with isopropyl alcohol. 4 Clean the interface by rubbing the cotton-swab over the surface using

a small circular movement. 5 Using a new, dry pipe-cleaner, and a new, dry cotton-swab remove the

alcohol, any dissolved sediment and dust. 6 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

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How to clean bare fiber adapters

CAUTION

Bare fiber adapters are difficult to clean. Protect from dust unless they are in use.

Never use any kind of solvent when cleaning a bare fiber adapter as solvents can damage the foam inside some adapters.

They can deposit dissolved dirt in the groove, which can then dirty the surface of an inserted fiber.

Preferred Procedure

Use the following procedure on most occasions: 1 Blow away any dust or dirt with compressed air.

Cleaning Instructions 5

Procedure for Stubborn Dirt

Use this procedure particularly when there is greasy dirt on the adapter: 1 Clean the adapter by pushing and pulling a new, dry pipe-cleaner into

the opening. Rotate the pipe-cleaner slowly as you do this.

Be careful when using pipe-cleaners, as the core and the bristles of the pipe-cleaner are hard and can damage the adapter.

2 Clean the adapter by rubbing a new, dry cotton-swab over the surface

using a small circular movement. 3 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

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5 Cleaning Instructions

How to clean lenses

Preferred Procedure

Procedure for Stubborn Dirt

Some lenses have special coatings that are sensitive to solvents, grease, liquid and mechanical abrasion. Take extra care when cleaning lenses with these coatings.

Lens assemblies consisting of several lenses are not normally sealed. Therefore, use as little alcohol as possible, as it can get between the lenses and in doing so can change the properties of projection.

Use the following procedure on most occasions: 1 Clean the lens by rubbing a new, dry cotton- swab over the surface

using a small circular movement. 2 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

Use this procedure particularly when there is greasy dirt on the lens:

oisten a new cotton- swab with isopropyl alcohol.

1 M 2 Clean the lens by rubbing the cotton- swab over the surface using a

small circular movement. 3 Using a new, dry cotton- swab remove the alcohol, any dissolved

sediment and dust. 4 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

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How to clean instruments with a fixed connector interface

CAUTION

You should only clean instruments with a fixed connector interface when it is absolutely necessary. This is because it is difficult to remove any used alcohol or filaments from the input of the optical block.

It is important, therefore, to keep dust caps on the equipment at all times, except when your optical device is in use.

If you do discover filaments or particles, the only way to clean a fixed connector interface and the input of the optical block is to use compressed air.

If there are fluids or fat in the connector, please refer the instrument to the skilled personnel of Keysight’s service team.

Only use clean, dry compressed air. Make sure that the air is free of dust, water, and oil. If the air that you use is not clean and dry, this can lead to filmy deposits or scratches on the surface of your connector interface. This will degrade the performance of your transmission system.

Never try to open the instrument and clean the optical block by yourself, because it is easy to scratch optical components, and cause them to be misaligned.

Cleaning Instructions 5

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5 Cleaning Instructions

How to clean instruments with an optical glass plate

Some instruments, for example, the optical heads from Keysight Technologies have an optical glass plate to protect the sensor. Clean this glass plate in the same way as optical lenses (see How to clean lenses on page 72).

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How to clean instruments with a physical contact interface

WARNING

Remove any connector interfaces from the optical output of the instrument before you start the cleaning procedure.

Cleaning interfaces is difficult as the core diameter of a single-mode fiber is only about 9 mm. This generally means you cannot see streaks or scratches on the surface. To be certain of the degree of pollution on the surface of your interface and to check whether it has been removed after cleaning, you need a microscope.

Never look into an optical output, because this can seriously damage your eyesight.

To assess the projection of the emitted light beam you can use an infrared sensor card. Hold the card approximately 5 cm from the interface. The invisible emitted light is project onto the card and becomes visible as a small circular spot.

Cleaning Instructions 5

Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide 75

Preferred Procedure

Use the following procedure on most occasions: 1 Clean the interface by rubbing a new, dry cotton- swab over the

surface using a small circular movement. 2 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

Procedure for Stubborn Dirt

Use this procedure particularly when there is greasy dirt on the interface: 1 Moisten a new cotton- swab with isopropyl alcohol. 2 Clean the interface by rubbing the cotton- swab over the surface using

a small circular movement. 3 Take a new, dry soft- tissue and remove the alcohol, dissolved

sediment and dust, by rubbing gently over the surface using a small

circular movement. 4 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

5 Cleaning Instructions

WARNING

How to clean instruments with a recessed lens interface

For instruments with a deeply recessed lens interface (for example the Keysight 81633A and 81634A Power Sensors) do NOT follow this procedure. Alcohol and compressed air could damage your lens even further.

Keep your dust and shutter caps on, when your instrument is not in use. This should prevent it from getting too dirty. If you must clean such instruments, please refer the instrument to the skilled personnel of Keysight’s service team.

Preferred Procedure

Use the following procedure on most occasions: 1 Blow away any dust or dirt with compressed air. If this is not sufficient,

then 2 Clean the interface by rubbing a new, dry cotton- swab over the

surface using a small circular movement. 3 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

76 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Procedure for Stubborn Dirt

Use this procedure particularly when there is greasy dirt on the interface, and using the procedure for light dirt is not sufficient. Using isopropyl alcohol should be your last choice for recessed lens interfaces because of the difficulty of cleaning out any dirt that is washed to the edge of the interface:

1 Moisten a new cotton- swab with isopropyl alcohol. 2 Clean the interface by rubbing the cotton- swab over the surface using

a small circular movement. 3 Take a new, dry soft- tissue and remove the alcohol, dissolved

sediment and dust, by rubbing gently over the surface using a small

circular movement. 4 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.

Cleaning Instructions 5

How to clean optical devices which are sensitive to mechanical stress and pressure

Some optical devices, such as the Keysight 81000BR Reference Reflector, which has a gold plated surface, are very sensitive to mechanical stress or pressure. Do not use cotton- swabs, soft- tissues or other mechanical cleaning tools, as these can scratch or destroy the surface.

Preferred Procedure

Use the following procedure on most occasions: 1 Blow away any dust or dirt with compressed air.

Procedure for Stubborn Dirt

To clean devices that are extremely sensitive to mechanical stress or pressure you can also use an optical clean polymer film. This procedure is time- consuming, but you avoid scratching or destroying the surface.

1 Put the film on the surface and wait at least 30 minutes to make sure

that the film has had enough time to dry. 2 Remove the film and any dirt with special adhesive tapes.

Alternative Procedure

For these types of optical devices you can often use an ultrasonic bath with isopropyl alcohol. Only use the ultrasonic bath if you are sure that it won't cause any damage anything to the device.

1 Put the device into the bath for at least three minutes. 2 Blow away any remaining liquid with compressed air.

If there are any streaks or drying stains on the surface, repeat the cleaning procedure.

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5 Cleaning Instructions

How to clean metal filters or attenuator gratings

This kind of device is extremely fragile. A misalignment of the grating leads to inaccurate measurements. Never touch the surface of the metal filter or attenuator grating. Be very careful when using or cleaning these devices. Do not use cotton- swabs or soft- tissues, as there is the danger that you cannot remove the lint and that the device will be destroyed by becoming mechanically distorted.

Preferred Procedure

Use the following procedure on most occasions: 1 Use compressed air at a distance and with low pressure to remove any

dust or lint.

Procedure for Stubborn Dirt

Do not use an ultrasonic bath as this can damage your device.

Use this procedure particularly when there is greasy dirt on the device: 1 Put the optical device into a bath of isopropyl alcohol, and wait at least

10 minutes. 2 Remove the fluid using compressed air at some distance and with low

pressure. If there are any streaks or drying stains on the surface, repeat

the whole cleaning procedure.

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Additional Cleaning Information

The following cleaning procedure may be used with other optical equipment:

• How to clean bare fiber ends

• How to clean large area lenses and mirrors

How to clean bare fiber ends

Bare fiber ends are often used for splices or, together with other optical components, to create a parallel beam. The end of a fiber can often be scratched. You make a new cleave. To do this:

1 Strip off the cladding. 2 Take a new soft-tissue and moisten it with isopropyl alcohol. 3 Carefully clean the bare fiber with this tissue. 4 Make your cleave and immediately insert the fiber into your bare fiber

Cleaning Instructions 5

adapter in order to protect the surface from dirt.

How to clean large area lenses and mirrors

Some mirrors, as those from a monochromator, are very soft and sensitive. Therefore, never touch them and do not use cleaning tools such as compressed air or polymer film.

Some lenses have special coatings that are sensitive to solvents, grease, liquid and mechanical abrasion. Take extra care when cleaning lenses with these coatings.

Lens assemblies consisting of several lenses are not normally sealed. Therefore, use as little liquid as possible, as it can get between the lenses and in doing so can change the properties of projection.

Preferred Procedure

Use the following procedure on most occasions: 1 Blow away any dust or dirt with compressed air.

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5 Cleaning Instructions

CAUTION

Procedure for Stubborn Dirt

Use this procedure particularly when there is greasy dirt on the lens:

Only use water if you are sure that your device does not corrode. Do not use hot water as this can lead to mechanical stress, which can

damage your device. Make sure that your liquid soap has no abrasive properties or perfume in

it, because they can scratch and damage your device. Do not use normal washing-up liquid as sometimes an iridescent film

remains.

1 Moisten the lens or the mirror with water. 2 Put a little liquid soap on the surface and gently spread the liquid over

the whole area. 3 Wash off the emulsion with water, being careful to remove it all, as any

remaining streaks can impair measurement accuracy. 4 Take a new, dry soft- tissue and remove the water, by rubbing gently

over the surface using a small circular movement. 5 Blow away remaining lint with compressed air.

80 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

Alternative Procedure A

To clean lenses that are extremely sensitive to mechanical stress or pressure you can also use an optical clean polymer film. This procedure is time- consuming, but you avoid scratching or destroying the surface.

1 Put the film on the surface and wait at least 30 minutes to make sure

that the film has had enough time to dry. 2 Remove the film and any dirt with special adhesive tapes.

Alternative Procedure B

If your lens is sensitive to water then: 1 Moisten the lens or the mirror with isopropyl alcohol. 2 Take a new, dry soft- tissue and remove the alcohol, dissolved

sediment and dust, by rubbing gently over the surface using a small

circular movement. 3 Blow away remaining lint with compressed air.

Other Cleaning Hints

Making the connection

Cleaning Instructions 5

Selecting the correct cleaning method is an important element in maintaining your equipment and saving you time and money. This Appendix highlights the main cleaning methods, but cannot address every individual circumstance.

This section contain some additional hints which we hope will help you further. For further information, please contact your local Keysight Technologies representative.

Before you make any connection you must ensure that all light-wave cables and connectors are clean. If not, then use appropriate the cleaning methods.

When you insert the ferrule of a patch-cord into a connector or an adapter, ensure that the fiber end does not touch the outside of the mating connector or adapter. Otherwise, the fiber end will rub up against something which could scratch it and leave deposits.

Lens cleaning papers

Note that some special lens cleaning papers are not suitable for cleaning optical devices like connectors, interfaces, lenses, mirrors and so on. To be absolutely certain that a cleaning paper is applicable, please ask the salesperson or the manufacturer.

Immersion oil and other index matching compounds

Do not use immersion oil or other index matching compounds with optical sensors equipped with recessed lenses. They are liable to dirty the detector and impair its performance. They may also alter the property of depiction of your optical device, thus rendering your measurements inaccurate.

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5 Cleaning Instructions

Cleaning the housing and the mainframe

When cleaning either the mainframe or the housing of your instrument, only use a dry and very soft cotton tissue on the surfaces and the numeric pad.

Never open the instruments as they can be damaged. Opening the instruments puts you in danger of receiving an electrical shock from your device, and renders your warranty void.

82 Keysight Laser Source Modules User’s Guide

www.keysight.com

Keysight Technologies 81650A, 81651A, 81654A, 81655A, 81656A User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Contents

Safety Considerations

Safety Symbols

Initial Inspection

Line Power Requirements

Operating Environment

Storage and Shipment

Environmental Information

Initial Safety Information for Laser Source Modules

Laser Safety Labels

Laser Class 1M

Laser Class 1

What is a Laser Source Module ?

A Description of the Front Panel

How to Enable/Disable Laser Output

Optical Output

Angled Contact Connectors

Keysight Technologies Sales and Service Offices

2 Accessories

Modules and Options

3 Specifications

Definition of Terms

Center wavelength

Spectral width

Output power

Conditions

CW power stability

Conditions

CW power stability due to back-reflection

Conditions

Measurement

Laser Source Module Specifications

Laser Source Module Specifications (Standard modules, 0 dBm)

Supplementary Performance Characteristics

Laser Source Module Specifications (High Power, 13 dBm)

Supplementary Performance Characteristics

Performance Tests on page 25. All tests can be performed without access

Equipment Required

Test Record

Test Failure

Instrument Specification

Performance Test

Center Wavelength and Spectral Bandwidth Test

Example for Keysight Technologies 81650A

Output Power and Stability Test

Output Power Test

Stability Test

5 Cleaning Instructions

Cleaning Instructions for this Instrument

Safety Precautions

Why is it important to clean optical devices?

What do I need for proper cleaning?

Standard Cleaning Equipment

Dust and shutter caps

Isopropyl alcohol

Cotton swabs

Soft tissues

Pipe cleaner

Compressed air

Additional Cleaning Equipment

Microscope with a magnification range about 50X up to 300X

Ultrasonic bath

Warm water and liquid soap

Premoistened cleaning wipes

Polymer film

Infrared Sensor Card

Preserving Connectors

Making Connections

Dust Caps and Shutter Caps

Immersion Oil and Other Index Matching Compounds

Cleaning Instrument Housings

Which Cleaning Procedure should I use?

Light dirt

Heavy dirt

How to clean connectors

Preferred Procedure