Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
Operation and
Service Manual
Notices
© Keysight Technologies
1994-2018
No part of this manual may be
reproduced in any form or by any
means (including electronic storage
and retrieval or translation into a
foreign language) without prior
agreement and written consent from
Keysight Technologies, Inc. as
governed by United States and
international copyright laws.
Trademark Acknowledgments
Manual Part Number
16452-90000
Edition
Edition 6 April 2018
Printed in Malaysia
Published by:
Keysight Technologies International
Japan G.K,
1-3-3 Higashikawasaki-cho
Chuo-ku
Kobe-shi, Hyogo, Japan
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Safety Notices
A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It
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procedure, practice, or the like that,
if not correctly performed or adhered
to, could result in damage to the
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notice until the indicated conditions
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procedure, practice, or the like that,
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Table of Contents
1. General Information
Manual Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Product Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Applicable Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Furnished Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Recommended Measurement Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Supplemental Performance Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2. Initial Inspection
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Product Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Repackaging the Test Fixture For Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Contents
3. Operation
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Measurement Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Measurement Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Preparation of Test Fixture for Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Connecting the SMA-BNC Adapters to the 16452A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Separating the Test Fixture into High and Low Electrodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Cleaning and Drying the Electrodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Assembling the Test Fixture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Putting the Lid On the Liquid Outlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Connecting the Test Fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Fixture Stand Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Checking the SHORT Residual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
If the SHORT Residual is Out of Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Setting the Instrument for Capacitance Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Performing a SHORT Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Air Capacitance (C0) Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Liquid Capacitance and Resistance (Cp, Rp) Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Drain the Liquid (After Measurement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Data Processing- Calculate Dielectric Parameter from Measurement Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Keysight 16452A Operation and Service Manual 3
Contents
Measurement Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Capacitive Measurement Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Correction Coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Performing Temperature Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
4. Service
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Assembly Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Electrode Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Assembling Procedure for Electrode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
A:.Liquids that Corrode the Test Fixture
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Nickel Corrosive Liquid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Ceramic (alumina: Al2O3) Corrosive Liquid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Viton (Fluoro rubber) Corrosive Liquid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Silver-copper and gold-copper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
4 Keysight 16452A Operation and Service Manual
Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
Operation and Service Manual
1 General Information
The purpose of this manual is to enable you to use your 16452A Liquid Test
Fixture efficiently and confidently.
Manual Summary
This manual contains the following:
• The Specifications of the 16452A (see this chapter)
• Inspecting the 16452A (see Chapter 2)
• Operating the 16452A (see Chapter 3)
• Ordering replaceable parts for the 16452A (see Chapter 4)
Product Description
The 16452A Liquid Test Fixture provides accurate dielectric constant and
impedance measurements of liquid materials. This fixture allows you to make
frequency swept measurements or temperature coefficient measurements that
precisely characterize liquid materials.
16452A is not capable of measuring salt or ionic solutions or other liquids
with bulk conductivity due to the electrode polarization phenomenon.
5
1-
General Information
Applicable Instrument
Applicable Instrument
The 16452A has been designed to operate specifically with the LCR
meters/impedance analyzers with 4 terminal pair.
Accessories
Furnished Accessories
See Tab le 2-1 for the accessories supplied with the 16452A.
Recommended Measurement Cables
You need a 4-terminal BNC cable to connect the 16452A and your
measurement instrument. For this purpose, Keysight Technologies
recommends using the following cables.
For the temperature range of 0 to +55°C 16048A Test leads
For the temperature range of -20 to +125°C 16048G/H +
1
1250-2375
1. These cables are not furnished with the 16452A. Order according to your measurement requirements.
6 Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
General Information
Specifications
Specifications
This section lists the complete 16452A specifications. These specifications are
the performance standards and limits against which the 16452A is tested.
When shipped from the factory, the16452A meets the following specifications:
Electrode Size (S) ϕ38±0.5 (mm)
Dimension 85 (H) x 85 (W) x 37 (D)(mm)
Weight 1.4 kg
Maximum Operating Voltage 30 Vrms
Figure 1-1 Electrode Size of the 16452A (section view)
Operating Frequency 20 Hz to 30 MHz
The operating frequency differs according to the instrument that the 16452A is
used with.
Materials
Test fixture body (electrodes, spacers, liquid inlet and outlet)
Nickel-plated cobal (Fe 54%, Co 17%, Ni 29%)
Insulator Ceramic (alumina Al
O-ring Viton (Fluoro rubber)
Insulator soldering Silver-copper and
Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture 7
gold-copper
203
)
1-
General Information
Specifications
The typical corrosive characteristics of these materials are shown in Appendix
A.
Operating Temperature -20 to +125ºC
The measurement cable’s operating temperature is:
16048A 0 to +55ºC
16048G/H + 1250-2375 -20 to +150ºC
Non-Operating Temperature -40 to 70ºC
8 Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
General Information
Supplemental Performance Characteristics
Supplemental Performance Characteristics
This section lists supplemental performance characteristics. Supplemental
performance characteristics are not specifications, but are typical
characteristics included as additional information for the operator.
Supplemental performance characteristics are not guaranteed.
Electrode gap repeatability (Screw torque: 15 kgf·cm) 100 Hz to 15 MHz
Assembly repeatability See Table 1-1
Temperature repeatability (@23ºC to 125ºC) See Table 1-1
Necessary liquid volume See Table 1-1
Air Capacitance Value (@23ºC ± 5ºC, 1MHz)
Table 1-1 Typical Data
Spacer thickness 1.3mm 1.5mm 2.0mm 3.0mm
Electrode gap
assembly
repeatability
Electrode gap
temperature
repeatability
Necessary liquid
volume
Air capacitance
value
Short residual (when using the furnished shorting plate with a 1.3mm spacer)
Ls (equivalent series inductance) 20nH
Rs (equivalent series resistance) 0.5
See Table 1-1
0.3mm±12µm 0.5mm±12µm 1.0mm±12µm 2.0mm±12µm
0.3mm±2µm
0.5mm±2µm
1.0mm±2µm
2.0mm±2µm
3.4ml 3.8ml 4.8ml 6.8ml
34.9pF±25% 21.2pF±15% 10.9pF±10% 5.5pF±10%
Temperature expansion coefficient ±300ppm/ºC
Additional impedance measurement
In the following measurement,
• The SHORT compensation is done.
Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture 9
1-
·
r
General Information
Supplemental Performance Characteristics
• The calculation is done using the capacitive measurement method (see
“Capacitive Measurement Method” on page 34).
• The measurement instrument is LCR Meter/Impedance Analyzer with 4
terminal pair.
• The relative dielectric constant is 1 < | | < 500
The fixture error
Error = A + B [%] (See Figure 1-4)
Where,
A :Obtained from Figure 1-2
B :Obtained from Figure 1-3
Figure 1-2 Fixture Error (A)
1
is defined by:
1. The measurement accuracy is a complex function of the measurement instrument
accuracy and the fixture error.
10 Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
General Information
Supplemental Performance Characteristics
Figure 1-3 Fixture Error (B)
Figure 1-4 Fixture Error (A+B)
Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture 11
1-
General Information
Supplemental Performance Characteristics
12 Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
Operation and Service Manual
2 Initial Inspection
Introduction
The liquid test fixture has been carefully inspected before being shipped from
the factory. It should be in perfect physical condition, no scratches, dents or
the like. It should also be in perfect electrical condition. Verify this by carefully
performing an initial inspection to check the liquid test fixture set for signs of
physical damage and missing contents. If any discrepancy is found, notify the
carrier and Keysight Technologies. Your Keysight Technologies sales office will
arrange for repair or replacement without waiting for the claim to be settled.
• Inspect the shipping container for damage. Keep the shipping materials
until the inspection is completed.
• Verify that the shipping container contains everything shown in Figure 2-1
and listed in Table 2-1.
• Inspect the exterior of the 16452A for any signs of damage.
13
2-
Initial Inspection
Product Overview
Product Overview
Figure 2-1 16452A Product Overview
14 Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
Initial Inspection
Product Overview
Table 2-1 Contents
Reference
Description Part Number Quantity
Designator
1 Liquid test fixture 16452A 1
O-ring for electrodes
1
0905-1275 2
2 Shorting plate 16092-08010 1
3 O-ring for liquid outlet 0905-1277 1
4Spacer
1.3mm (thickness)/
0.3 mm (gap)
2
1.5mm (thickness)/
16452-00601 1
16452-00602 1
0.5 mm (gap)
2.0mm ( th ic kn es s)/
16452-00603 1
1.0 mm (gap)
3 .0 m m (t hi c kne ss ) /
16452-00604 1
2.0 mm (gap)
5 lid of liquid outlet 16452-24002 1
6 SMA-BNC adapter 1250-1200 4
- Waterproof cap for BNC
3
connector
-
-
-
Carrying Case4
Operation and Service Manual
Fixture stand5
Stand body
4
1252-5831 4
16452-60111 1
16452-90000 1
6
-
1
Screw for stand 0515-0914 4
Stand foot 16452-00611 1
1.
The O-rings are assembled in the 16452A.
2. The 1.3mm spacer is assembled in the 16452A.
3. The cap is on the SMA-BNC adapter.
4. The carrying case and the Operation and Service Manual are not shown in the
Figure 2-1.
5. The fixture stand is shown in Figure 2-2. Assemble it as shown in the figure.
Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture 15
2-
Initial Inspection
Product Overview
The stand body is assembled using the two angle irons (16452-01201) and the four
6.
screws (0515-0914).
If you ordered a measurement cable (16048A, or 116048G/H + 1250-2375),
check that the cable is included.
Figure 2-2 Assembling the Fixture Stand
16 Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
Initial Inspection
Repackaging the Test Fixture For Shipment
Repackaging the Test Fixture For Shipment
If shipment to aKeysight Technologies service center is required, each test
fixture should be repackaged using the original factory packaging materials.
If this material is not available, comparable packaging materials may be used.
Wrap the liquid test fixture in heavy paper and pack in anti-static plastic
packing material. Use sufficient shock absorbing material on all sides of the
16452A to provide a thick, firm cushion and to prevent movement. Seal the
shipping container securely and mark it FRAGILE.
Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture 17
2-
Initial Inspection
Repackaging the Test Fixture For Shipment
18 Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
Operation and Service Manual
3 Operation
Introduction
This chapter describes how to measure the dielectric constant () of the liquid
using the 16452A.
• The standard measurement sequence is shown in this chapter.
• Some instructions for the temperature measurement are provided at the
back of the chapter.
Measurement Sequence
Relative permittivity (r) can be calculated from the ratio of the capacitance of
a material to that of air (nearly equal to that of a vacuum). The standard
measurement sequence is as follows:
1. Prepare the test fixture for use.
2. Connect the test fixture.
3. Check the SHORT residual.
4. Set the instrument for capacitance measurement.
5. Do a SHORT compensation.
6. Do the air capacitance (C
7. Do the liquid capacitance and resistance (C
8. Drain the liquid (after measurement)
9. Do the data processing- Calculate dielectric parameter from measurement
data.
) measurement.
o
, Rp) measurement.
p
19
3-
Operation
Introduction
Measurement Requirements
To do the measurement, the following items are required:
• 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
• Fixture stand (furnished with the 16452A)
• SMA-BNC adapter (furnished with the 16452A)
• Measurement cable (16048A or 16048G/H + 1250-2375)
• 1.3 mm spacer for the SHORT compensation (furnished with the 16452A)
• Shorting plate for the SHORT compensation (furnished with the 16452A)
• A spacer (choose one of the furnished four spacers)
• Measurement instrument (LCR Meter/Impedance analyzer with 4 terminal
pair)
• Liquid under test (enough for the spacer you are using)
In addition, the following items are useful:
• For washing the 16452A, a brush, detergent, cloth, etc.
• For high temperature measurements, gloves to prevent scalding.
20 Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
Operation
Preparation of Test Fixture for Use
Preparation of Test Fixture for Use
Before connecting the test fixture, you must connect the SMA-BNC adapters to
the 16452A terminals. Also, the spacer and shorting plate must be set between
the electrodes for the SHORT compensation. The 16452A can be separated
into High and Low electrodes to make it possible to set the spacer and the
shorting plate. The test fixture's electrodes are easier to clean if you separate
the electrodes.
Connecting the SMA-BNC Adapters to the 16452A
Connect the SMA-BNC Adapters to the 16452A SMA-terminals as shown in
Figure 3-1. The waterproof caps for the BNC connector should be on when
washing the electrodes.
Figure 3-1 Connecting the SMA-BNC Adapter
Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture 21
3-
Operation
Preparation of Test Fixture for Use
Separating the Test Fixture into High and Low Electrodes
Separate the test fixture as shown in Figure 3-2.
Figure 3-2 Separating the Test Fixture into High and Low Electrodes
Cleaning and Drying the Electrodes
To get a better measurement, the 16452A electrodes must be cleaned after
using. If the 16452A’s electrodes are smeared, wash and dry them thoroughly
before assembling. Any impurities deposited on the electrode will affect the
measurement.
Do not use a detergent that corrodes the test fixture. For a list of the
materials that are corrosive to the test fixtures, see Appendix A.
22 Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
Operation
Preparation of Test Fixture for Use
Assembling the Test Fixture
Set the 1.3 mm spacer (electrode distance is 0.3mm) and the shorting plate as
required. Then assemble the 16452A as shown in Figure 3-3.
Figure 3-3 Assembling the Test Fixture for a SHORT compensation
Putting the Lid On the Liquid Outlet
Put the lid on the liquid outlet as shown in Figure 3-4.
Figure 3-4 Putting the Lid On
Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture 23
3-
Operation
Connecting the Test Fixture
Connecting the Test Fixture
Use a 4-terminal-pair BNC cable to connect the 16452A and your
measurement instrument. Keysight Technologies recommends using the
following cables:
For the temperature range of 0 to +55ºC 16048A Test leads
For the temperature range of -20 to +125ºC 16048G/H + 1250-2375
Test leads
Select the cable that matches your measurement.
Procedure
1. Set the cable length to 1m. For the setting, please refer to your
measurement instrument.
2. Take the BNC adapter caps off and connect the test fixture to the unknown
terminal using the cables (Lp: L
Figure 3-5 Connecting the Test Fixture
POT
, Lc: C
CUR
, Hp: H
POT
, Hc: H
CUR
).
24 Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
Operation
Connecting the Test Fixture
Fixture Stand Usage
The fixture stand sets the test fixture stable and upright as required during the
measurement.
Figure 3-6 Fixture Stand Usage
Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture 25
3-
Operation
Checking the SHORT Residual
Checking the SHORT Residual
Before using the test fixture, you should check its electrical performance. You
can confirm its performance by checking the SHORT residual. The SHORT
residual must be measured with the compensation function OFF because the
compensation cancels the SHORT residual.
Procedure
1. Set the compensation function OFF (OPEN, SHORT and LOAD, depend on
your measurement instrument).
2. Select the measurement parameter "Ls-Rs"
3. Check the SHORT residual value at 1MHz is in the following range:
Ls < 20nH
Rs < 0.5
For the measurement setting, please refer to your measurement instrument.
If the SHORT Residual is Out of Range
1. Check the connection of the test fixture and the measurement cable. Also,
check the shorting plate connection.
• Is the spacer width in the 16452A 1.3mm?
• Does the shorting plate contact to both high and low electrodes?
• Are the electrodes clean and free from rust?
2. If the problem cannot be corrected, please contact the nearest Keysight
Technologies sales office.
26 Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
Operation
Setting the Instrument for Capacitance Measurement
Setting the Instrument for Capacitance Measurement
To measure the dielectric constant (), the test fixture uses a
capacitance-measurement method.This is done by measuring C
equivalent capacitance) and R
calculating the dielectric constant (
(parallel equivalent resistance) and then
p
) and the dielectric loss (tan ).
Procedure
1. Select the measurement parameter "Cp-Rp":
2. Select the other settings depending on each application.
For the setting, please refer to your measurement instrument.
Performing a SHORT Compensation
Confirm that the 1.3 mm spacer and the shorting plate are set as specified in
the “Preparation of Test Fixture for Use” on page 21.
(parallel
p
For the measurement setting, please refer to your measurement instrument.
The OPEN and LOAD compensations are not required for the 16452A.
Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture 27
3-
Operation
Air Capacitance (C0) Measurement
Air Capacitance (C0) Measurement
1. Separate the test fixture as shown in Figure 3-7.
Figure 3-7 Separating the Test Fixture into High and Low Electrodes
2. Remove the shorting plate and select the spacer that is to be used to
measure the liquid. Then assemble the test fixture.
Figure 3-8 Test Fixture Assemble for Measurement
28 Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
Operation
Air Capacitance (C0) Measurement
3. Measure the air capacitance value (C0) and record the measurement data.
The data is used to calculate the dielectric parameter.
Compare the measured value with the value in the “Supplemental
Performance Characteristics” on page 9.
If the value is not correct, check the following:
• Was the spacer correctly chosen and set?
• Are the O-rings set correctly?
• Are the high and low electrodes put tightly together?
Then perform the measurement procedure again.
Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture 29
3-
Operation
Liquid Capacitance and Resistance (Cp, Rp) Measurement
Liquid Capacitance and Resistance (Cp, Rp) Measurement
Be careful when dealing with liquids (especially volatile and/or flammable
liquid such as oil or organic solvents) that can cause an accident.
Accidents such as an explosion, ignition, emission of poison gas, scalding
(by heat or chemicals), and so on, are possible.
To prevent any accidents, establish a strict process for the measurements.
(For example, using appropriate ventilation, a gas mask, and gloves.)
1. Pour the liquid under test into the 16452A until the liquid fills tube
Pour the liquid gently so that air does not get mixed in with the liquid.
Figure 3-9 Poring the Liquid under Test
When you pour the liquid, be careful that the liquid does not leak from the
test fixture.
• An 16452A assembled in the wrong manner (for example, lack of the
O-rings or the spacer) will cause liquid leakage. Assemble the 16452A
again if leakage is found.
If the problem cannot be corrected, please contact the nearest Keysight
Technologies sales office.
DO NOT enclose the liquid in the
enclosed in the
30 Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
16452A. Carburetion of the liquid
16452A can cause an explosion of the 16452A.
Operation
Liquid Capacitance and Resistance (Cp, Rp) Measurement
2. Measure the capacitance and equivalent parallel resistance value (Cp, Rp) of
the liquid under test and record the measurement data. The data is used to
calculate the dielectric parameter.
DO NOT apply a dc test signal to the 16452A. The dc signal can cause
electrolysis of the liquid.
When you use the 16452A in a thermostatic chamber or an oil tank, see the
“Performing Temperature Measurements” on page 36 procedure.
Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture 31
3-
Operation
Drain the Liquid (After Measurement)
Drain the Liquid (After Measurement)
1. Turn the lid of the liquid outlet and take it o. Drain the liquid (Figure 3-10).
Figure 3-10 Taking the Lid Off
2. Wash and dry the test fixture.
32 Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
Operation
·
r
C
p
C
o
-----j
1
CoR
p
-------------–
=
·
r
·
r
·
r
·
·
o
----=
r
·
'rj''
r
–=
''
r
'
r
----=tan
Data Processing- Calculate Dielectric Parameter from Measurement Data
Data Processing- Calculate Dielectric Parameter from Measurement
Data
The dielectric parameter () is calculated from the following equation.
(1)
Where,
Correction coefficient (see next page)
Relative dielectric constant (complex)
C
Liquid capacitance (measurement data)
p
C
Air capacitance (measurement data)
o
R
Equivalent parallel resistance (measurement data)
p
Angular frequency (=2f)
f Frequency
Measurement Theory
The relative dielectric constant indicates the energy value of a material in an
electric field. It is represented as a complex quantity. The relative dielectric
constant ( ) is defined as the ratio of the material's dielectric constant ( ) to
that of a vacuum (
= 8:854 x 10
0
-12
B
).
Also,
Loss tangent
Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture 33
(2)
3-
'
r
''
r
'r''
r
'
r
tC
p
A o
---------------
=
''
r
o
---------------
=
t
AR
p
----------------
=
o
tC
o
A
--------------
=
Operation
Data Processing- Calculate Dielectric Parameter from Measurement Data
Where,
Relative dielectric constant
Dielectric loss
The 16452A and Keysight impedance analyzer/LCR meter use the “Capacitive
Method” for obtaining relative permittivity by measuring the capacitance of a
material that is sandwiched between parallel electrodes.
Capacitive Measurement Method
The dielectric coefficient ( ) and loss ( ) can be calculated from the
capacitance and electrode dimensions.
(Where, the conductivity , A is area of electrode, t is gap between
electrodes.)
The dielectric constant of a vacuum (
the vacuum (Approximately equal to air capacitance C
Therefore, the equation (2) can be rewritten in the same form as equation (1),
when =1
.
Correction Coefficient
The measured data (Cp, Co) contains the stray capacitance, which alters by the
dielectric constant.
) is calculated from the capacitance of
o
).
0
34 Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
Operation
100
·
rm
97.0442
·
rm
2.9558+
--------------------------------------------------------
=
·
rm
·
rm
C
p
C
o
-----
j
1
CoR
p
-------------–=
·
rm
C
p
2
C
o
2
-----
1
CoR
p
2
-------------------
+=
Data Processing- Calculate Dielectric Parameter from Measurement Data
Figure 3-11 Stray Capacitance
The stray capacitance can be canceled by multiplying the correction coefficient
(), as shown in equation (1). The value of is calculated by following
equation.
Figure 3-12 Correction Coefficient
Where, is the right side of equation (1), enclosed by ( ).
Therefore,
Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture 35
3-
Operation
Performing Temperature Measurements
Performing Temperature Measurements
The following information is provided for users who use the 16452A in a
thermostatic chamber or an oil tank.
• The 16452A is specified to operate in the temperature range of -20 to
125ºC. You should be aware not only of the heat resisting property of the
16452A, but also that of the measurement cable. The heat resisting
properties of the Keysight Technologies-recommended cables are:
0 to +55ºC 16048A
-20 to +150ºC 16048G/H + 1250-2375
• When you use the thermocouple to monitor the inside temperature of the
test fixture, be careful not to short the electrodes.
• When you use the 16452A in an oil tank, soak the whole circle shown in
Figure 3-13 (the circle shows the size and position of the liquid space of the
16452A).
Figure 3-13 Soaking the 16452A in the Oil Tank
DO NOT touch the heated test fixture, cable, and fixture stand with your
naked hand. Use gloves to prevent scalding.
36 Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
Operation and Service Manual
4Service
Introduction
This chapter covers assembly replacement and troubleshooting information.
These servicing instructions are for use by qualified personnel only. Do
NOT perform any servicing (other than that contained in the operating
section) unless you are qualified to do so.
Assembly Replacement
Table 4-1, Table 4-2, and Table 4-3 list the support parts for RoHS and
non-RoHS compliance 16452A Liquid Test Fixture. All the listed items are
changed at RoHS conversion. Due to limited availability of RoHS compliance
station and technical difficulties in RoHS soldering, only parts and support
level that do not require RoHS soldering are supported. For RoHS Compliant
Upper Level Assembly Replacement Part, if multiple parts are replaced by a
common higher assembly part, only order ONE part of the higher level
common assembly. If the original support part (Non-RoHS Compliant
Replacement Part is obsolete, replaced the part by a higher common RoHS
Compliant assembly part. The parts listed can be ordered from your nearest
Keysight Technologies Office. Ordering information must include the Keysight
part number and the required quantity.
Serial Number for Non-RoHS 16452A:
JP44100001 – JP44299999/MY44100001 – MY44200319/
SG44100001 – SG44200319
Serial Number for RoHS 16452A:
MY44200320 and above/SG44200320 and above
37
4-
Service
Assembly Replacement
Figure 4-1 16452A Replaceable Parts (Major Parts)
Table 4-1 Replaceable Parts (Major Parts)
Ref/DPart Number Description Qty RoHS
1 16452-60002 Low Electrode
Assembly
2 16452-24001 Screw 4 16452-24001 Screw
16452-00601 Spacer, 1.3mm
3
(thickness) /
0.3mm (gap)
16452-00602 Spacer, 1.5mm
(thickness) /
0.5mm (gap)
16452-00603 Spacer, 2.0mm
(thickness) /
1.0mm (gap)
16452-00604 Spacer, 3.0mm
(thickness) /
2.0mm (gap)
Description Qty
Compliant
Replacement
Part
1 16452-60002 Low Electrode
Assembly
1 16452-00601 Spacer, 1.3mm
(thickness) /
0.3mm (gap)
1 16452-00602 Spacer, 1.5mm
(thickness) /
0.5mm (gap)
1 16452-00603 Spacer, 2.0mm
(thickness) /
1.0mm (gap)
1 16452-00604 Spacer, 3.0mm
(thickness) /
2.0mm (gap)
1
1
1
1
1
38 Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
Service
Assembly Replacement
Table 4-1 Replaceable Parts (Major Parts)
Ref/DPart Number Description Qty RoHS
4 16092-08010 Shorting Plate 1 16092-08010 Shorting Plate 1
5 0905-1275 O Ring 2 0905-1275 O Ring 2
6 16452-24002 Lid of Liquid
Outlet
0905-1277 O Ring for Lid 1 0905-1277 O Ring for Lid 1
7 16452-60001 High Electrode
Assembly
8 1250-1200 SMA(m)-BNC(f)
Adapter
Table 4-2 Replaceable Parts (Other Parts)
Part Number Description Qty RoHS
Description Qty
Compliant
Replacement
Part
1 16452-24002 Lid of Liquid
Outlet
1 16452-60001 High Electrode
Assembly
4 1250-1200 SMA(m)-BNC(f)
Adapter
Description Qty
Compliant
Replacement
Part
1
1
4
16452-04001 Round Cover for
Back of the
2 16452-60001/
16452-60002
Electrode
0905-1276 Washer, Teflon 2 16452-60001/
16452-60002
0515-0994 Spacer 8 16452-60001/
16452-60002
1252-5831 Waterproof Cap
4 1252-5831 Waterproof Cap
for BNC
Connector
16452-01201 Angle Iron for the
2 16452-01201 Angle Iron for the
Stand
High Electrode
Assembly/
Low Electrode
Assembly
High Electrode
Assembly/
Low Electrode
Assembly
High Electrode
Assembly/
Low Electrode
Assembly
for BNC
Connector
Stand
1
1
1
4
2
Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture 39
4-
Service
Assembly Replacement
Table 4-2 Replaceable Parts (Other Parts)
Part Number Description Qty RoHS
Description Qty
Compliant
Replacement
Part
16452-00611 Plate for the Stand
Foot
0515-0914 M3 Screw for the
Stand
1 16452-00611 Plate for the Stand
Foot
8 0515-0914 M3 Screw for the
Stand
16452-60101 Carrying Case 1 16452-60111 Carrying Case 1
16452-90000 Operation and
Service Manual
1 16452-90000 Operation and
Service Manual
1
8
1
40 Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
Service
Assembly Replacement
Electrode Assembly
Figure 4-2 16452A Replaceable Parts (Around SMA Connector)
Table 4-3 16452A Replaceable Parts (Around SMA Connector)
Ref/DPart Number Description Qty RoHS
Compliant
Replacement
Part
1 16452-61603 SMA Cable
2 16452-60001 High Electrode
Assembly for
High Electrode
16452-61602 SMA Cable
2 16452-60002 Low Electrode
Assembly for
Low Electrode
2 16452-25001 Insulator 4 16452-60001/
16452-60002
3 16452-29001 O Ring 4 16452-60001/
16452-60002
Description Qty
Assembly
Assembly
High Electrode
Assembly/
Low Electrode
Assembly
High Electrode
Assembly/
Low Electrode
Assembly
1
1
1
1
4 16452-25002 Insulator 8 16452-60001/
Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture 41
16452-60002
High Electrode
Assembly/
Low Electrode
Assembly
1
4-
1
23456
Service
Assembly Replacement
Table 4-3 16452A Replaceable Parts (Around SMA Connector)
Ref/DPart Number Description Qty RoHS
5 2190-0654 Washer, M2 8 16452-60001/
6 0515-0976 Screw, M2 8 16452-60001/
Figure 4-3 Inside of the Electrode Assembly
Compliant
Replacement
Part
16452-60002
16452-60002
Description Qty
High Electrode
Assembly/
Low Electrode
Assembly
High Electrode
Assembly/
Low Electrode
Assembly
1
1
Assembling Procedure for Electrode
See Figure 4-2 and Table 4-3 for the reference designators.
1. Pass the SMA cable assembly through the insulator and the O ring
.
2. Insert the cable into the electrode body, and connect it using the insulators
, the washers and the screws .
3. Bend the semi-rigid cable at 33 mm from the top face of the electrode body
as described in Figure 4-3, and set the angle between the semi-rigid cables
close to 90º.
4. Solder the semi-rigid cables to the center pin of the electrode.
42 Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
Service
Troubleshooting
5. Solder the shield of the cable to the copper round plate using solder wick.
Troubleshooting
When the short residual resistance is out of the limit, check the fixture
connection, the shorting plate, and the surface of the electrodes. If the surface
of the electrode is damaged, electrode assembly replacement is required for
restoring proper electrical performance.
When the short residual inductance is out of the limit, check the angle of the
semi-rigid cables in back of the electrode assemblies. The angle should be
close to 90
at the copper round plate.
º. Also check the shield of the semi-rigid cables are connected only
Do not polish the surface with powder to protect the electrode.
Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture 43
4-
Service
Troubleshooting
44 Keysight 16452A Liquid Test Fixture
Keysight16452A
Liquid Test Fixture
Operation and Service Manual
A: Liquids that Corrode the Test Fixture
The appendix A provides information about the liquids that corrode the test
fixture.
The liquid under test directly contacts the following materials:
• Nickel - the test fixture body (electrodes, spacers, liquid inlet and outlet).
• Ceramic (alumina Al2O3) – the insulator around the electrodes.
• Rubber (Fluoro rubber) - the O-rings.
• Silver copper and gold copper - the insulator soldering
Do not use the test fixture with liquids that corrode these materials. Typical
corrosive liquids for each material are listed in the following sections.
Do not apply DC test signal (or low-frequency test signal) to electrolyte
solutions (ionic solutions) such as sal t. The DC signal (or low-frequency
signal) can cause electrolysis reaction of the liquid.
Keysight 16452A Operational and Service manual -1
-
Liquids that Corrode the Test Fixture
Nickel Corrosive Liquid
Nickel Corrosive Liquid
Corrosive liquid Little-corrosive liquid Non-corrosive
liquid
acid oxidant and salt oxidant hydrochloric acid (HCl) alkali salt
For example, sulfuric acid (H
nitric acid (HNO
nitrous acid (HNO
ferric chloride (FeCl
cupric chloride (CuCl
mercuric chloride (HgCl
acetic acid (CH
3CO2
formic acid (HCO2H)
citric acid
CC(OH)(CO2H)2.H2O)
(HO
2
a. The measurement accuracy is a complex function of the measurement instrument
accuracy and the fixture error.
Ceramic (alumina: Al
)
2SO4
)organic acid
3
)
2
)
3
)
2
)
2
a
H)
a
a
) Corrosive Liquid
2O3
Aqueous solution of fluoride corrodes the ceramic.
Viton (Fluoro rubber) Corrosive Liquid
Ketone and ester corrode the Vition.
Silver-copper and gold-copper
Strong acid liquid corrodes silver copper and gold copper.
- 2 Keysight 16452A Operation and Service Manual
This information is subject to change without notice.
© Keysight Technologies 1994-2018
Edition 6 April 2018
*16452-90000*
16452-90000
www.keysight.com
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