Contents
Agilent E1412A User’s Manual and SCPI Programming Guide
Edition 5
AgilentWarranty ........................................................................................................... 9
Safety Symbols ........................................................................................................... 10
WARNINGS ............................................................................................................... 10
Agilent E1412A Declaration of Conformity ..............................................................11
Chapter 1
Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup ........................ ................... ........... .........15
Using T hi s Ch a p t er ... ....... .. .. .................................................................... .. .. ............... 15
General Information ............................................................................................ 15
Setting the Module Address Switch.. ........... ........... ...................... ................... ...........16
Interrupt Priority ......................................................................................................... 17
Setting the Line Frequency Reference........................................................................17
Checking the Line Frequency Reference ............................................................ 17
Multimeter Functiona l Connections ..................... .. ........... ........... ........... ............19
Initial O p e rat i o n . .. ..................... .. .. .......................................................................... ... . 22
Chapter 2
Agilent E1412A Multimeter Applicat ion Information ........................... ........... .......25
Using This Chapter ....................................................................................................25
Measurement Tutorial................................................................................................. 25
DC Volt a ge Measu remen ts.. .. ... ............................................................ ... .. ................. 25
Thermal EMF Errors ........................................................................................... 25
Loadi ng E rr o rs (d c vol t s ) ...... .. ... ...................................................... .. .. ............... 26
Leakage Current Errors ....................................................................................... 26
Rejecting Power Line Noise Voltages ................................................................ 27
Commo n Mo d e Reject i on ( C M R ) .. .. ................................................................... 27
Noise Caused by Magnetic Loops ....................................................................... 28
Noise Caused by Ground Loops .......................................................................... 28
Resistance Measurements ........................................................................................... 29
4-Wir e O h ms M e a s u rements ................................... .. .. ........................................ 29
Removing Field Wiring Resistance Errors in 2-Wire Ohms Measurements ......30
Power Dissipation Effects ................................................................................... 31
Settlin g T im e E ffects .. .. .. ............................................................. .. ... ................... 31
Errors in H igh R e si s t an c e Measur e m en t s ........................................................... 31
Making H ig h - S p e ed D C a n d Res i s tance Me a s u rements .................. .. .. ............... 31
DC Curr e n t Me as u remen t E rro r s.. .. ... ............................................................ ... .. ........ 3 2
True RM S A C Measu rements..... ............................................... .. ... ............................ 3 2
Crest Factor Errors (non- sinusoidal inputs) ............... ........... ................... ...........33
Loadi ng E rr o rs (a c vo lts ) ... ............. .. ... ................................................................ 34
AC Measurements Below Full Scale ..................................................................34
Function and Range Change Internal Offset Correction ..................................... 34
Low-L e v el Measur ement Errors ...................................................... .. .. ............... 35
AC Turnover Errors ............................................................................................35
AC Curr e n t Me as u remen t E rro r s.. .. ... ............................................................ ... .. ........ 3 6
Making H ig h - S p e ed A C V o lt age or Cur r e n t Mea s u rements... ................................... 36
Contents 1
Chapter 2
Agilent E1412A Multimeter Applicat ion Information (continued)
Frequency and Period Measurement Errors................................................................ 36
Measurement Configuration ....................................................................................... 37
AC Sign a l Fil t er .... ... .. ...................................................... .. .. ............................... 37
DC Input Resistance . ...........................................................................................37
Resolu tio n . .... ..... .... ... .... ..... .. .... ..... .... ... .... ..... .... .. ..... .... ..... .. ..... .... ..... .. .... ..... .... ... . 38
Integration Time .................................................................................................. 39
Autozero .............................................................................................................. 40
Ranging ............................................................................................................... 40
Math Operations (CALCulate Subsystem)................................................................. 41
AVERage Function ............................................................................................. 41
NULL (Relative) Function .................................................................................. 41
dB Mea su r ements ....... ............. ... .. ................................................................... ... . 42
dBm Measurements ............................................................................................. 43
LIMit F u n ct i on .... .. ... ............. .. ... ......................................................................... 44
Triggering the Multimeter .......................................................................................... 45
The Trigger Source .............................................................................................. 46
External Triggering ............................................................................................. 47
Intern al T r i ggering ......... .............. .. .. ................................................................... 47
Bus Triggering ..................................................................................................... 48
The Wait-for-Trigger State .................................................................................. 48
The Trigger Count ............................................................................................... 48
Checking the Trigger Count ................................................................................49
Inserting a Trigger Delay .................................................................................... 49
Defau lt D el a y s . .. ...................................................... .. .. ........................................ 50
Querying the Delay Time .................................................................................... 51
The Sample Count ............................................................................................... 51
Checking the Sample Count ................................................................................51
Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Examples ..................................................52
Agilen t V T L Sof tw are (VISA) ..... .. .. ........................... ... .. ................................... 5 2
Example Programs .............................................................................................. 52
Making M u l t im et e r M ea s u remen ts ....... ...................................................... .. .. .... 53
Synchronizing the Multi meter With a Switch Module ......................... ........... ...57
Multimeter Status System Examples ...................................................................60
Agilent VEE Programming Example .................................................................. 64
2 Contents
Chapter 3
Multim eter Co m m a n d Referen c e . .. ....... .. ... ................................................................ 6 7
Using T hi s Ch a p t er ... ....... .. .. .................................................................... .. .. ............... 67
Command Types ......................................................................................................... 67
Commo n Co mman d Fo rmat .. .. ... ...... ... .. .............................................................. 6 7
SCPI Co m mand F or mat ...... ............. ... .. .............................................................. 67
Linking Commands ............................................................................................. 69
Multimeter Range and Resolution Ta bles ..................................... ........... ........... .......70
SCPI Co m mand R eference ........................................................ .. ... ............................ 7 1
ABORt ........................................................................................................................72
Chapter 3
Multime ter Co m ma nd Re fer e nc e (continued)
CALCulate .................................................................................................................. 73
:AVERage:AVERage? ........................................................................................ 74
:AVERage:COUNt? ............................................................................................ 74
:AVE Rage:MAX imum? . ............ ........... ........... ......... ........... ............ ........... ........ 74
:AVERage:MINimum? ....................................................................................... 74
:DB:REFerence ................................................................................................... 75
:DB:RE Fere n ce? .... ... .. ............................................... .. ... ..................................... 75
:DBM :REFere nce ..... ...... ......... ......... ......... ....... ......... ......... ......... ....... ......... ........ 7 5
:DBM:REFerence? .............................................................................................. 75
:FUNC tion .... ............ ........... ........... ......... ........... ............ ......... ........... ........... ...... 76
:FUNCtion? ......................................................................................................... 76
:LIMit:LOWer ..................................................................................................... 77
:LIMit:LOWer? ................................................................................................... 77
:LIMit:UPPer .......................................................................................................77
:LIMit:UPPer? ..................................................................................................... 77
:NUL L:OF FS et .. .. ..... .... ..... .. .... ..... .. ..... .... ..... .. .... ..... .... ... .... ..... .... .. ..... .... ..... .. ..... . 78
:NUL L:OFFS et? ....... ...... ......... ......... ....... ......... ......... ......... ....... ......... ......... ........ 7 8
:STATe ................................................................................................................ 78
:STATe? .............................................................................................................. 78
CALibration................................................................................................................ 79
:COUNt? ..............................................................................................................79
:LFRequency ....................................................................................................... 79
:LFRequency? ..................................................................................................... 80
:SECure:CODE ................................................................................................... 80
:SECure:STATe .................................................................................................. 81
:SECur e:ST ATe? ... ....... ....... ....... .... ....... ....... ...... ..... ....... ...... ....... ..... ...... ....... ...... 81
:STRing ............................................................................................................... 81
:STRin g? . .. .... ..... .... ... .... ..... .. .... ..... .... ... .... ..... .... .. ..... .... ..... .. ..... .... ..... .. .... ..... .... ... . 82
:VAL ue ....... ......... ....... ......... ......... ......... ....... ......... ......... ......... ...... ......... ......... .... 82
:VALue? .............................................................................................................. 82
:ZERO:AUTO ..................................................................................................... 83
:ZERO:AUTO? ................................................................................................... 83
CALibration? .............................................................................................................. 84
CONFigure.................................................................................................................. 85
:CURRent:AC ..................................................................................................... 87
:CUR Rent[: DC] . .... ....... ....... .... ....... ....... ....... .... ....... ....... ...... ..... ....... ...... ....... ..... .8 8
:FREQuency ........................................................................................................ 89
:FRESistance ....................................................................................................... 90
:PERiod ............................................................................................................... 91
:RESistance ......................................................................................................... 92
:VOL Tage:AC ... ............. .............. ............................................. ............. ............. 93
[:VOL Tag e[ :DC ]] .. ..... .... ..... .. ..... .... ..... .. .... ..... .... ... .... ..... .... .. ..... .... ..... .. ..... .... ..... . 94
[:VOLTage[:DC]] :RATio ................................................................................... 95
CONFigure?................................................................................................................ 96
DATA ......................................................................................................................... 97
:POINts? .............................................................................................................. 97
Contents 3
Chapter 3
Multime ter Co m ma nd Re fer e nc e (continued)
FETCh?....................................................................................................................... 98
INITiate....................................................................................................................... 99
[:IMMediate] ....................................................................................................... 99
INPut......................................................................................................................... 100
:IMPedance:AUTO ........................................................................................... 100
:IMPed an ce: AU TO ? ... .... ... .... ..... .... .. ..... .... ..... .. ..... .... ..... .. .... ..... .... ... .... ..... .... .. .. 100
MEASure .................................................................................................................. 101
:CUR Rent :A C? .. .. ..... .... ..... .. .... ..... .. ..... .... ..... .. .... ..... .... ... .... ..... .... .. ..... .... ..... .. .... 102
:CUR Rent[:DC]? . ........... .............. ............. .................................................... .... 103
:FREQuency? .................................................................................................... 104
:FRESistance? ................................................................................................... 105
:PERio d? . .. .... ..... .... ... .... ..... .. .... ..... .... ... .... ..... .... .. ..... .... ..... .. ..... .... ..... .. .... ..... .... .. 106
:RESis tan ce ? . ..... .... ..... .. ..... .... ..... .. .... ..... .... ... .... ..... .... .. ..... .... ..... .. ..... .... ..... .. .... .. 107
:VOLTage:AC? ................................................................................................. 108
[:VOL Tage[ :DC]]? ... ...... ......... ......... ......... ....... ......... ......... ......... ....... ......... ...... 10 9
[:VOL Tag e[ :DC ]]:R A Tio? .. .... ..... .... ... .... ..... .... .. ..... .... ..... .. ..... .... ..... .. .... ..... .... .. 110
OUTPut..................................................................................................................... 111
:TTLTrg[:STATe] .............................................................................................111
:TTLTrg[:STATe]? ...........................................................................................112
READ?......................................................................................................................113
SAMPle..................................................................................................................... 114
:COUNt .............................................................................................................114
:COUNt? ............................................................................................................115
[SENSe:] ................................................................................................................... 116
FUNCtion .......................................................................................................... 118
FUNCtion? ........................................................................................................ 118
CURRent:AC:RANGe ......................................................................................119
CURRent:AC:RANGe? ....................................................................................119
CURRent:AC:RANGe:AUTO .......................................................................... 120
CURRent:AC:RANGe:AUTO? ........................................................................120
CURRe nt:A C:RE Solu tion . ...... ....... ..... ...... ....... ....... .... ....... ....... .... ....... ....... ...... 12 1
CURRe nt:AC:RESolut ion? ........ ............. .............. ............................................ 121
CURRent[:DC]:APERture ................................................................................ 122
CURRent[:DC]:APERture? .............................................................................. 122
CURRent[:DC]:NPLC ...................................................................................... 123
CURRe nt[:D C]:N PLC ? ....... .... ....... ....... ....... .... ....... ....... ...... ..... ....... ...... ....... .... 12 3
CURRe nt[ :DC ]: RAN G e .... .. .... ..... .... ... .... ..... .... .. ..... .... ..... .. ..... .... ..... .. .... ..... .... .. 124
CURRe nt[:DC]: RANGe? ........... ........... ........... ......... ........... ............ ........... ...... 124
CURRent[:DC]:RANGe:AUTO ....................................................................... 125
CURRe nt[ :DC ]: RAN G e:A UT O? . .... ..... .. ..... .... ..... .. .... ..... .... ... .... ..... .... .. ..... .... .. 125
CURRe nt[:DC]:RE Solution ............. .............. ........... .............. ............. ............. 1 26
CURRent[:DC]:RESolution? ............................................................................ 126
DETector:BANDwidth ......................................................................................127
DETector:BANDwidth? .................................................................................... 128
FREQ uen cy: APE Rt ure ... ..... .... ... .... ..... .... .. ..... .... ..... .. ..... .... ..... .. .... ..... .... ... .... .... 128
FREQ uency:APE Rture? . ............ ......... ........... ........... ........... ......... ............ ........ 128
4 Contents
Chapter 3
Multime ter Co m ma nd Re fer e nc e (continued)
[SENSe:] (continued)
FREQuency:VOLTage:RANGe ........................................................................129
FREQ uency:VO LTage:R ANGe? ... ........... ......... ............ ........... ........... ......... .... 1 29
FREQuency:VOLTage:RANGe:AUTO ...........................................................130
FREQuency:VOLTage:RANGe:AUTO? ..........................................................130
FRESi stan ce:AP ERtu re ..... ...... ....... ..... ...... ....... ....... .... ....... ....... ....... .... ....... ...... 1 31
FRESi stance:A PERture? ......... ............ ........... ......... ........... ........... ............ ........ 13 1
FRESi stance:NP LC ........... ............. ........... .............. ............. ............................. 132
FRESistance:NPLC? ......................................................................................... 132
FRESistance:RANGe ........................................................................................ 133
FRESistance:RANGe? ...................................................................................... 133
FRESistance:RANGe:AUTO ............................................................................ 134
FRESistance:RANGe:AUTO? .......................................................................... 134
FRESistance:RESolution .................................................................................. 135
FRESi stan ce:RE Solu tion? . .... ....... ....... ...... ..... ....... ...... ..... ....... ...... ....... ..... ...... .. 1 35
PERiod :APERture ...... ............. ............ ............. .............. ................................... 136
PERiod:APERture? ........................................................................................... 136
PERiod:VOLTage:RANGe ............................................................................... 137
PERiod:VOLTage:RANGe? ............................................................................. 137
PERiod:VOLTage:RANGe:AUTO ...................................................................138
PERiod:VOLTage:RANGe:AUTO? ................................................................. 138
RESist ance:AP ERture .. ........... ......... ............ ........... ........... ......... ........... ........... 1 39
RESistance:APERture? ..................................................................................... 139
RESistance:NPLC ............................................................................................. 140
RESistance:NPLC? ........................................................................................... 140
RESistance:RANGe ..........................................................................................141
RESistance:RANGe? ........................................................................................141
RESistance:RANGe:AUTO .............................................................................. 142
RESistance:RANGe:AUTO? ............................................................................ 142
RESist anc e:RES oluti on ..... ...... ....... ..... ...... ....... ..... ...... ....... ....... .... ....... ....... ...... 1 43
RESist ance:RE Solution? ......... ............ ......... ........... ........... ........... ......... ........... 14 3
VOLTage:AC:RANGe ...................................................................................... 144
VOLTage:AC:RANGe? .................................................................................... 144
VOLTage:AC:RANGe:AUTO ..........................................................................145
VOLTage:AC:RANGe:AUTO? ........................................................................ 145
VOLTage:AC:RESolution ................................................................................ 146
VOLTage:AC:RESolution? .............................................................................. 146
VOLT age[:DC] :APERtu re ......... ........... ........... ......... ........... ............ ........... ...... 147
VOLTage[:DC]:APERture? .............................................................................. 147
VOLTage[:DC]:NPLC ...................................................................................... 148
VOLTage[:DC]:NPLC? .................................................................................... 148
VOLTage[:DC]:RANGe ................................................................................... 149
VOLTage[:DC]:RANGe? ................................................................................. 149
VOLT age[:DC]:RANG e:AUTO .... .............. .................. ............. .............. ........ 1 50
VOLTage[:DC]:RANGe:AUTO? ..................................................................... 150
VOLT ag e [ :D C]:RESolut i o n .. .. ............................................................. .. ... ........ 1 5 1
Contents 5
Chapter 3
Multime ter Co m ma nd Re fer e nc e (continued)
[SENSe:] (continued)
VOLT age[:DC ]:RES olutio n? ....... ......... ......... ....... ......... ......... ......... ...... ......... .. 1 51
ZERO:AUTO .................................................................................................... 152
ZERO:AUTO? .................................................................................................. 152
STATus..................................................................................................................... 153
:PRESet ............................................................................................................. 153
:QUEStionable:CONDition? ............................................................................. 153
:QUE Stion a ble :ENA B le . ..... .... ... .... ..... .... .. ..... .... ..... .. ..... .... ..... .. .... ..... .... ... .... .... 153
:QUE Stionable :ENABl e? ........... ......... ........... ........... ........... ......... ............ ........ 154
:QUEStionable[:EVENt]? ................................................................................. 154
SYSTem....................................................................................................................155
:ERR or? .... ............. ............ ............. .............. ................................................... .. 155
:VERS ion? .. ....... .... ....... ....... .... ....... ....... ....... .... ....... ....... ...... ..... ....... ...... ....... .... 15 5
TRIGger .................................................................................................................... 156
:COUNt .............................................................................................................156
:COUNt? ............................................................................................................157
:DELay .............................................................................................................. 157
:DELay? ............................................................................................................ 158
:DELay:AUTO .................................................................................................. 158
:DELay:AUTO? ................................................................................................ 159
:SOUR ce . .. .... ..... .... ... .... ..... .... .. ..... .... ..... .. ..... .... ..... .. .... ..... .... ... .... ..... .... .. ..... .... .. 160
:SOUR ce? . ......... ......... ......... ....... ......... ......... ......... ...... ......... ......... ......... ....... .... 1 61
IEEE 488.2 Common Command Quick Reference . .................................................162
*CLS .. .. .............. .. .. ........................................................................... .. .. ............. 16 3
*ESE an d *E SE ? . .. ... .................... .. .. ................................................................. 1 6 3
*ESR ? ......... ......... ....... ......... ......... ....... ......... ......... ......... ...... ......... ......... ......... .. 164
*IDN? ................................................................................................................ 164
*OPC ................................................................................................................. 164
*OPC? ............................................................................................................... 165
*RST .. .. .............. .. .. ........................................................................... .. .. ............. 16 5
*SRE and *SRE? ............................................................................................... 165
*STB ? ......... ......... ....... ......... ......... ....... ......... ......... ......... ...... ......... ......... ......... .. 166
*TST? ................................................................................................................ 166
*WAI . ........................................................... ............. .............. .......................... 166
SCPI Command Quick Reference ............................................................................ 167
6 Contents
Appendix A
Agilent E1412A Multimeter Specific ations .................... ........... ........... ...................171
DC Cha ra ct eristi cs .. .. ...................................................... .. .. ...................................... 1 7 1
AC Cha ra ct eristi cs .. .. ...................................................... .. .. ...................................... 1 7 4
Frequency and Period Characteristics.......................................................................177
General Specifications.............................................................................................. 179
To Calculate Total Measurement Error .................................................................... 180
Interpreting Multimeter Specifications ..................................................................... 182
Config u r i n g for H i g h A ccuracy Measur ements..... ................................................... 184
Appendix B
Agilent E1412A Multimeter Error Message s ............... .................... ........... ........... .185
Execu t i o n Er ro rs ......... .................... ... .. ..................................................................... 1 8 5
Self-Test Errors ................................................................................................. 189
Calibration Errors .............................................................................................. 190
Appendix C
Measurement Speed and Accuracy Trade-offs ....................................................... 193
Agilent E1412A Special Function and Range Commands (Non-SCPI )..................193
Speed Advantage Using the Special Non- SCPI Commands
(F1-F4 and R1-R7) ...................................................................................... 194
Agilent E1412A Resolution Using Spec ial Functions and Ranges.......... ........... .....195
Resolu t io n E xa m p l e .............................................. .. .. ........................................ 195
Gener a l Gui d e l ines for In creasin g Measu rement S p eed. ........................................ .. 196
Avoid F u n ct i o n Ch anges ....... .................... ... .. ................................................... 196
Avoid A p e rt u r e Ch anges ..... ................................................................... ... .. ...... 19 6
Minimize the Number of Command/
Response Sessions .............................................................................................196
Set Auto zero to O N C E o r OF F .. .. .. ................................................................... 197
Turn Autorange OFF ......................................................................................... 197
Decrease Aperture Time or NPLCs .................................................................. 197
Store the Readings in Multimeter RAM Instead of Sending the m Directly
to the Co mpute r .. .......................................................................... .. .. ........... 1 9 8
Index ..............................................................................................................................199
Contents 7
Notes:
8 Contents
Certification
Agilent Technologie s, Inc. certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the factor y. Agilent
Technol ogies furthe r certifie s that its calibration measurements ar e traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and
Technology (formerly National Bureau of Standards), to the extent allowed by that organization's calibration facility, and to the
calibration facilities of other Internati onal Standards Organization members.
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES WARRANTY STATEMENT
PRODUCT: E1412A DURATION OF WARRANTY: 1 year
1. Agilent warrants Agilen t hardware, accessories and supplies against defects in materials and workmanship for the period specified
above. If Ag lent receives notice of such defects during the warranty period, Agilent will, at its option, ei ther repair or replace products
which prov e to be defecti ve. Replacement products may be either new or like-new.
2. Agile nt warrants that Agilent software will not fail to execute its programming instructions, for the period specified above, due to
defect s in material and workmans hip when properly instal led and used. If Agilent receives notice of such defects during the warranty
period , Ag ilent will replace software media w hich does not execute its programming i nstructions due to such defects.
3. Agile nt does not warran t that th e opera tion of A gilent pr oducts w ill be i nterrup ted or e rror fre e. If Agi lent is unable , with in a rea sonabl e
time, to rep ai r or repla ce an y pro duct to a cond iti on as warr anted , cu st omer will be en ti tled to a r efund of the purc hase pr ic e upo n prompt
return of the product.
4. Agilen t products may contain remanufactur ed parts equivalent to ne w in performance or may have bee n subject to inc idental use.
5. The war ranty per iod be gin s on the dat e of de li very o r on the dat e of inst al lati on if ins tall ed by Agile nt . If c ust omer sc hedule s or de la ys
Agilent installation more tha n 30 days after delivery, wa rranty begins on the 31st day from delive ry.
6. Warran ty does not apply t o defec ts resul ting fr om (a) imp roper or inad equate ma intenan ce or ca librat ion, (b) s oftwar e, inte rfacing, pa rts
or suppl ies not suppli ed by Agilent Technologies , (c) unauthorized modification or m isuse, (d) operation outside of the published
enviro nm ental specifications for the produ ct, or (e) impr oper site preparatio n or m aintenance.
7. TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY LOCAL LAW, THE ABOVE WARRANTIES ARE EXCLUSIVE AND NO OTHER
WARRANTY OR CONDITION, WHETHER WRITTEN OR ORAL, IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED AND AGILENT
SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY, SATISFACTORY
QUALITY, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
8. Agil ent will b e liabl e for da mage to tangibl e prope rty per i ncident u p to th e grea ter of $30 0,000 o r the act ual amou nt paid for t he pro duct
that is the subject of the claim, and for damages for bodily injury or death , to the extent that all such damages are determine d by a court
of competent jurisdiction to hav e been directly caused by a defective Agi lent product.
9. TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY LOCAL LAW, THE REMEDIES IN THIS WARRANTY STATEMENT ARE CUSTOMER’S
SOLE AND EXLUSIVE REMEDIES. EXCEPT AS INDICATED ABOVE, IN NO EVENT WILL AGILENT OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE
LIABLE FOR LOSS OF DATA OR FOR DIRECT, SPE CIAL, I NCIDENTAL, CONSEQUE NTIAL (INCL UDING LOST PROFI T OR
DATA), OR OTHER DAMAGE, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT, TORT, OR OTHERWISE.
FOR CONSUMER TRANSACTIONS IN AUS TRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND: THE WARRANTY T ERMS CONTAINED I N THIS
STATEMENT, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT LAWFULLY PERMITTED, DO NOT EXCLUDE, RESTRICT OR MODIFY AND ARE
IN ADDITION TO THE MANDATORY STATUTORY RIGHTS APPLICABLE TO THE SALE OF THIS PRODUCT TO YOU.
U.S. Government Restricted Rights
The Software and Docume ntation have been developed entirely at private expense. They are del ivered and licensed as "commercial
computer software" as defined in DF A RS 252.227- 7013 (Oct 1988), DFARS 252.211-7015 ( May 1991) or DFAR S 252.227-7014 (Jun
1995), as a "commercial item" as defined in FAR 2.101(a ), or as "Restricted computer software" as defined in FAR 52.227-19 (Jun
1987)(o r any equivalent agency regulation o r contract clause), whichever is appl icable. You have only those rights provided for such
Software and Documentation by the applicable FAR or DFARS cl ause or the Agilent standard sof tw are agreement for the product
involved.
This is a mea surement Category II product designed for measur em ents at volta ges up to 300V from earth, including measurements of
voltages at typical mains socket outlets. The product should not be used to make voltage measurements on a fixed electrical installation
includ ing building wiring, ci rcuit breakers, or service panels.
IEC Measurement Category II Overvoltage Protection
E1412A 6½-Digit Multimeter User's Manual
Edition 5
Copyrig ht © 1998-2006 Agilent Technologies, Inc. All Rights Rese rved.
9
Documentation History
All Ed ition s and Upd ates of this manual and their creation date are listed be low. The first Edit ion of the ma n u al is Edition 1. The Edition
number increments by 1 whenever the manual is revised. Updates, which ar e issued between Editions, contain replacemen t pages to
correc t or add additional information to the cu rrent Editi on of the manual. Whenever a new Ed ition is created, it will contain all of the
Update in formatio n for the previous Edi tion. Eac h new Editi on or Update al so incl udes a revi sed copy of this docum entati on histor y page.
Edition 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .August 1995 Edition 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 1998
Edition 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . January 1996 Edition 5 Rev 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 2006
Edition 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .June 1996
Edition 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 1997
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Windows NT® is a U.S. regist ered trademark of Microsoft Corporation
Windows® and MS Windows® are U.S. registered tradem arks of Micro soft Corporat ion
Safety Symbols
Instruction manual symbol affixed to
Instruction manual symbol affixed to
product . Ind ica te s t hat t he u ser must r efer t o
product . Ind ica te s t hat t he u ser must r efer t o
the manu a l fo r sp ec ific WAR N IN G or
the manu a l fo r sp ec ific WAR N IN G or
CAUTION information to avoid personal
CAUTION information to avoid personal
injury or dam age to the product.
injury or dam age to the product.
Indicates the field wiring terminal that must
be connect ed to earth ground befo re
operating the equipment—protects against
electrical shock in case of fault.
WARNING
Alternating current (AC)
Direct current (DC).
Indicates hazardous voltages .
Calls attention to a procedure, pra ctice, or
condition that could cause bodily injury or
death.
or
Frame or c hassis grou nd termina l—typicall y
connect s to the equipment's metal frame.
CAUTION
Calls attention to a procedure, pra ctice, or
condition that could po ssibly c ause damage to
equipment or permanent loss of data.
WARNINGS
The follo w ing general safety precautions mus t be observed during all phases of operation, se rvice, and repair of this product. Failure to
comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and
intended use of the product. Agil ent Technologies, Inc. assumes no liability for the cus tomer's failure to comply wi th these requirements.
Ground the equipm ent: For Safety Class 1 equipment (equipment having a protective earth terminal), an uninterruptible safety earth
ground must be provided from the mains pow er source to th e product input wiring term inals or supplied power ca ble.
DO NOT operate the produc t in an explosive atmosphere or in the pr esence of flam m able gases or fumes.
For cont inued protection a gainst fir e, replace the line fuse(s) only with fuse(s) of the same voltage and current rating a nd type. DO NOT
use repaired fuse s or short-circuited fuse holder s.
Keep away from live circuits: Operating personnel must not remove equipment covers or shield s. Procedures involving the removal of
covers or shields are f or use by service-trained personnel only. Unde r certain conditions , dangerous voltages may exist even with the
equipmen t sw itch ed off. To a void d ang er ous elect r ical sho ck, DO NOT per form proc edu re s invo lv ing co ver or shie ld rem oval u nl ess you
are qualified to do so.
DO NOT operate damaged equipment: Whenever it is possible that the safety protection features built into this product have been
impaired, either t hrough physical damage, excessive mo isture, or any other reason, REMOVE POWER an d do not use the product unti l
safe operat i on ca n be veri fi ed by servi ce- trai ne d person nel . If ne ces sa ry, re tu rn the pr odu ct to an Agi lent Tech nologi es Sales and Servi ce
Office for service and rep air to ensu re that safety feat ures are mai n tained.
DO NOT serv ice or adj ust al one : Do not at t empt in te rnal ser vi ce or adj us tmen t u nl ess an oth er per son , cap abl e o f rend er in g fi rst ai d an d
resuscitation, is present.
DO NOT substitut e parts or modify e quipm ent: Be cause of the da nger of intr od ucing a ddi tion al hazar ds, do not in st all s ubsti t ute pa rt s
or perform any unauthorized modification to the product. Retu rn the product to an Agilent Technologie s Sales and Service Office for
service and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained.
10
According to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and CEN/CENELEC EN 45014
11
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
Manufacturer’s Name:
Manufacturer’s Address:
Agilent Technologies, Incorporated
815 – 14
th
St. SW
Loveland, CO 80537
USA
Declares under sole responsibility that the product as originally delivered
Product Name:
Model Number:
Product Options:
VXI Multimeter Module
E1412A
This declaration covers all options of the above product(s)
complies with the essential requirements of the following applicable European Directives, and
carries the CE marking accordingly:
Low Voltage Directive (73/23/EEC, amended by 93/68/EEC)
EMC Directive (89/336/EEC, amended by 93/68/EEC)
and conforms with the following product standards:
EMC Standard
IEC 61326-1:1997+A1:1998 / EN 61326-1:1997+A1:1998
CISPR 11:1990 / EN 55011:1991
IEC 61000-4-2:1995+A1:1998 / EN 61000-4-2:1995
IEC 61000-4-3:1995 / EN 61000-4-3:1995
IEC 61000-4-4:1995 / EN 61000-4-4:1995
IEC 61000-4-5:1995 / EN 61000-4-5:1995
IEC 61000-4-6:1996 / EN 61000-4-6:1996
IEC 61000-4-11:1994 / EN 61000-4-11:1994
Canada: ICES-001:1998
Australia/New Zealand: AS/NZS 2064.1
Safety
The product was tested in a typical configuration with Agilent Technologies test systems.
IEC 61010-1:2001 / EN 61010-1:2001
Canada: CSA C22.2 No. 61010-1:2004
UL 61010-1: 2004
Limit
Group 1 Class A
4 kV CD, 8 kV AD
3 V/m, 80-1000 MHz
0.5 kV signal lines, 1 kV power lines
0.5 kV line-line, 1 kV line-ground
3 V, 0.15-80 MHz 1 cycle, 100%
1 cycle, 100%
Supplementary Information:
This DoC applies to above-listed products placed on the EU market after:
4 January 2006
Date
For further information, please contact your local Agilent Technologies sales office, agent or distributor,
or Agilent Technologies Deutschland GmbH, Herrenberger Straße 130, D 71034 Böblingen, Germany.
Ray Corson
Product Regulations Manager
Template: A5971-5302-2, Rev. B.00 E1412A-DoC-B DoC Revision B
Notes:
12
Notes:
13
Notes:
14
Using This Chapter
Chapter 1
Agilent E1412A Multimeter
Module Setup
This chapter p rovides one page of general module info rmation followed by
the tasks you must perform to set up your module and verify your
installation was successful. Chapter contents are:
• Setting the Module Address Switch
• Interrupt Priority
• Setting and Checking the Line Frequency Reference
• Input Terminals and Front Panel Indicators
• Multimeter Functional Connections
• Initial Operation
General Informati on • The E1412A (VXI C-size) Multimeter is a VXIbus message-based
slave device.
• Programming the multimeter can either be through a command module
using an GPIB interface or an embedded controller. You use the
Standard Commands for Prog rammable Instruments (SCPI; see
Chapter 3) with the St andard Instrument Cont rol Language (SICL) or
VISA (Virtual Instrument Software Architecture).
• Maximum voltage is 300 V
• Maximum cu rrent is 3A AC
or 300 Vdc.
rms
or DC.
rms
• Resolution is from 4½-digits for fast measurements to 6 ½- digits for
more accuracy. Resolution is set by specifying the integration time in
number of power line cycles (NPLCs) or corresponding apertur e time.
Table 1-1 shows the correlation between NPLCs and resolution.
Table 1-1. Resolution of Power Line Cycles
Power Line Cycles Resolution
0.02 0.0001 x Full- Scale
0.2 0.00001 x Full-Scale
1 0.000003 x Full- Scale
10 0.000001 x Full- Scale
100 0.0000003 x Full-Scale
Chapter 1
Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup 15
Setting the Module Address Switch
The logical address switch f actor y setting is 24. Valid addresses are from
1 to 254 for static configurat ion (the address you set on the switch) and
address 255 for dynamic configuration. The E1412A supports dynamic
configuration of the a ddress. Thi s means th e address is set progra mmatically
by the resource manager when it encount ers a m odule with address 25 5 that
supports dynamic config uration.
If you install m ore than one multimeter, eac h module must have a differe nt
logical address. If you use a VXIbus command module, the logic al address
must be a multiple of eight ( e.g., 32, 40, 48, etc.) Each instr ument must have
a unique secondary address which is the logical address divided by eight.
Note When using an E1405A/B or E1406A as the VXIbus resource manager
with SCPI com mands, the mul tim eter's address swit ch va lue mu st be a
multiple of 8.
16 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup
Figure 1-1. Setting the Logical Address
Chapter 1
Interrupt Priority
The E1412A Multimeter is a VXIbus interrupter. However, there is no
interrupt priority level setting to be made on the module. Interrupt priority
level, setup, and activa tion are configured on the resour ce manager which is
the interface to the VXIbus and contains any instrument drivers required to
communicate with a VXI module. Your resource manager could be a VXI
command module, embedded P C controller, th e PC-based VXLink Interf ace
(ISA-to-VXI), t he Series 700 wor kstation VXI- MXIbus interface or another
VXI controller. To configure the interrupt priority on the E1405B and
E1406A Command Modules, you would use the
command subsystem. Refer to your resource manager's documentation for
information on setting the system's interrupt priority.
Setting the Line Frequency Reference
You must set the line frequency ref erence to the line frequency of the power
source to your mainframe for maximum normal mode rejection (NMR).
NMR is the multimeter 's ability to r eject power lin e frequency noi se in a DC
voltage or ohms measurement. You should set the multimeter's line
frequency referenc e to the exac t power line frequency (50, 60 or 400Hz).
Failure to set the line frequency reference to that of your source will cause
reading errors .
DIAGnostic:INTerrupt
Checking the Line
Frequency
Reference
You use the
reference. The default setting at power-on is 60Hz. If you use 50Hz or
400Hz you need to set the line frequency reference for maximum NMR.
Specifying 400Hz actually sets the line frequency reference to 50Hz since
50Hz is a sub harmonic of 400Hz. Executing a
will return +50 after executing
reference to 400Hz.
The line frequency refer ence setting is also useful when the device being
measured operates at a different frequency than the multimeter. For
example, if the mul timeter has a power li ne frequency referenc e of 60Hz and
the device being measured has a power line frequency of 50Hz, maximum
NMR is achieved by setting the multimeter's reference frequency to 50Hz
by executing:
The CALibration:LFRequency? command returns the present setting of the
power line frequency reference. The command returns +50 or +60. For a
setting of 400Hz, +50 is returned since 50Hz is a sub harmonic of 400Hz.
CALibration:LFRequency comm an d to se t the lin e freq uen c y
CALibration:LFRequency ?
CAL:LFR 400 to set the line frequency
CAL:LFR 50
Chapter 1
Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup 17
Figure 1-2. Multimeter Measuremen t Terminals
18 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup
Chapter 1
Multimeter Functional Connections
WARNING - Shock Hazard. Do not use
unshrouded (bare) banana plugs as shown for
volta ges over 30 Vrm s or 60 VDC. For higher
voltages, use probe assemblies rated for the
appropriate voltage and equipped wit h shrouded
banana plugs.
Figure 1-3 . S witch Modu le Analog Bus C on ne ctions
Chapter 1
Figure 1-4. Frequency or Period Measu rem en t Conne ctions
Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup 19
Figure 1-5. Voltage Measurement Connections
Figure 1-6. Voltage Ratio (Vdc) Measurement Connections
20 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup
Chapter 1
Figure 1-7. 2-Wire Ohms Measurement Connections
Chapter 1
Figure 1-8. 4-Wire Ohms Measurement Connections
Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup 21
Initial Operation
Note This discussion applies only to SCPI (Standard Commands for
Figure 1-9. Current Measurement Connections
To program the Multimeter using SCPI, you must select the interface
address and SCPI commands to be used. General information about using
SCPI commands is presented at the beginning of Chapter 3. See the 75000
Series C Installation and Getting Started Guide for interface addressing.
Programmable Instruments) programming. The program is written using
VISA (Virtual Instrument Software Architecture) function calls. VISA
allows you to execute on VXIplug&play system frameworks that have the
VISA I/O layer installed (visa .h include file).
Programming the
Multimeter
22 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup
Exampl e: Perform a Sel f-Test of the M u lt im eter and R ead the
Result.
Programming the mul timeter us ing S tandar d Commands for Progr ammable
Instruments (SCPI) requires that you select the controller language (e.g., C ,
C++, Basic, etc.), interface address and SCPI commands to be used. See the
75000 Series C Installati on and Getting Started Guide (or equivalent) for
interfacing, addressing and controller infor mation.
The following C program verifies c ommunication between the controller,
mainframe and multim eter. It re sets the m odule (
of the module (
*RST), queries the identi ty
*IDN?) and initiates a self-test of the multimeter.
Chapter 1
#include <stdio.h>
#include <visa.h>
/*** FUNCTION PROTOTYPE ***/
void err_handler (ViSession vi, ViStatus x);
void main(void)
{
char buf[512] = {0};
#if defined(_BORLANDC_) && !defined(_WIN32_)
_InitEasyWin();
#endif
ViStatus err;
ViSession defaultRM;
ViSession dmm;
/* Open resource manager and multimeter sessions. */
viOpenDefaultRM (&defaultRM);
viOpen(defaultRM, "GPIB-VXI0::9::24", VI_NULL, VI_NULL, &dmm);
/* Set the timeout value to 10 seconds. */
viSetAttribute (dmm, VI_ATTR_TMO_VALUE, 10000);
/* Reset the module. */
err = viPrintf (dmm, "*RST/n");
if (err<VI_SUCCESS) err_handler (dmm, err);
/* Query the module id entification . */
err = viPrintf(dmm, "*IDN?/n");
if (err<VI_SUCCESS) err_handler (dmm, err);
err = viScanf(dmm, "%t", buf);
if (err<VI_SUCCESS) err_handler (dmm, err);
printf ("Module ID = %s/n/n", buf);
/* Perform a module self-test. */
err = viPrintf (dmm, "*TST?/n");
if(err<VI_SUCCESS) err_handler (dmm, err);
err = viScanf (dmm, "%t", buf);
if (err<VI_SUCCESS) err_handler (dmm, err);
printf ("Self-test response = %s/n/n", buf);
/* Check for system errors. */
err = viPrintf (dmm, "SYST:ERR?/n");
if (err<VI_SUCCESS) err_handler (dmm, err);
err = viScanf (dmm, "%t", buf);
if (err<VI_SUCCESS) err_handler (dmm, err);
printf ("System error response = %s/n/n", buf);
} /* end of main */
/*** Error handli ng function *** /
void err_handler (ViSession dm m, ViSt atus err)
{
char buf[1024] = {0};
Chapter 1
viStatusDesc (dmm, err, buf);
printf ("ERROR = %s/n", buf);
return;
}
Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup 23
Notes:
24 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup
Chapter 1
Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application
Using This Chapter
This chapter provides multimeter application information in five parts.
• Measurement Tutorial.
• Measurement Configuration.
• Math Operations.
• Triggering the Multimeter.
• E1412A Multimeter Application Examples.
Measurement Tutorial
Chapter 2
Information
The E1412A is capable of making highly accurate measurements. In order
to achieve the greatest accuracy, you must take the necessary steps to
eliminate potentia l measurement errors. This section describes common
errors found in measurement s and gives suggestions to help you avoid these
errors.
DC Voltage Measurements
Thermal EMF
Errors
Thermoel ectri c v oltag e s are the mos t common source of erro r in low-level
dc voltage measurements. Thermoelectric voltages are generated when you
make circuit connections using dissimilar metals at different tempera tures.
Each m etal-to- m etal ju ncti o n form s a thermocouple, which generates a
voltage proportional to the junction temperature. You should take the
necessary precautions to minimize thermocouple voltages and temperature
variations in low-l evel voltage measurements. The best connections are
formed using copper-to-c opper crimped connections. Table 2-1 shows
common thermoelectr ic voltage s for connectio ns be tween di ssim ilar m etals.
Chapter 2
Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information 25
Tab le 2-1. T her m oelectri c Voltages
Copper-to-… Approx. µV/ ° C
Copper <0.3
Gold 0.5
Silver 0.5
Brass 3
Beryl lium C o ppe r 5
Aluminum 5
Kovar or Alloy 42 40
Silicon 500
Copper-Oxide 1000
Cadmium-Tin Solder 0.2
Tin-Lead Sol der 5
The E1412A input
terminals are
copper alloy.
Loading Errors
(dc volts)
Leakage Current
Errors
Measurement loading errors occur when the resistance of the deviceunder-test (
DUT) is an appreciable percenta ge of the mul timeter' s own input
resistance. The diagram below shows this error source.
To reduce the effects of loadi ng erro rs, and to minimize noise pickup, you
can set the multimeter's input resistance to greater than 10GΩ for the
100mVdc, 1Vdc, and 10Vdc ranges. The input resistance is maintained at
10 MΩ for the 100Vdc and 300Vdc ranges.
The multimeter's input capa citance will “charge up” due to input bias
currents when the terminals are open-circuited (if the input resistance is
10 GΩ). The multimeter's measuring circuitry e xhibi ts approximate ly 30pA
of input bias current for ambient temperatures from 0°C to 30°C. Bias
current wil l double (× 2) for every 8°C change in ambient temperatur e above
30°C. This current generates small voltage offsets depende nt upon the
source resistan ce of the device-under- test. This effect bec omes evident for a
source resistance of greater than 100kΩ, or when the multimeter's operati ng
temperature is significantly greater tha n 30°C.
26 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information
Chapter 2
Rejecting Powe r
Line Noise
Voltages
A desirable characteristic of integrating analog-to-digital (A/D) converters
is their ability to reject spurious signals. The integrating techniques reject
power-line relate d noise present with a dc signal on the input. This is called
normal mode rejection or
NMR. Normal mode noise rejection is achieved
when the multimeter measures the avera ge of the input by “integrating” it
over a fixed period. If you set the integr ation time to a whole number of
power line cycles (
PLCs) thes e errors (a nd their harmonics) will average out
to approximately zero.
The E1412A provides thr ee A/D integration times (1, 10 and 100PLCs) to
reject power line frequ ency noise (and power-line frequency harmonics).
Power line frequency de faults to 60Hz unless you specifically set it to 50Hz
with th e
CAL:LFR command. The multimeter determines the proper
integration time bas ed on which power line frequency is set. Table 2-2
shows the noise rejection achieved with various configurations. S elect a
longer integration time for better resolution and increased noise rejection.
Table 2-2. Noise Rejection
Integration Time
Power Line
Cycles (PLCs)
0.02 400 µs (400µs) NONE
0.2 3ms (3ms) NONE
60 Hz (50Hz)
NMR
Common Mode
Rejection (
CMR)
116.7ms(20ms)60dB
10 167 ms (200ms) 60dB
100 1.67sec (2sec) 60dB
Ideally, a mult im eter i s com p lete ly i solat ed fro m eart h -ref ere nc ed circu i ts.
However, there is finite resistance between the multimeter's input LO
terminal and e arth ground as shown below. This can cause errors when
measuring small voltages which are floating relative to earth ground.
Chapter 2
Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information 27
Noise Caused by
Magnetic Loops
If you are making measurements near magnetic fields, you should take the
necessary precautions to avoid inducing voltages in the measurement
conductors. You should be especially careful when working near conductors
carrying large currents. Use twisted-pair connections to the multimeter to
reduce the no ise pi ckup loop a rea, or dre ss the i nput cables as c lose together
as possible. Also, loose or vibrating input cables will induce error voltages.
Make sure your input cables are tied down securely when operating near
magnetic fields. Whenever possible, use magnetic shielding materials or
physical separation to reduce problem magnetic field sources.
Noise Caused by
Ground Loops
When measuring voltages in circuits where the multimeter and the deviceunder-test are both referenced to a com mon earth ground but at different
points, a “ground loop” is formed. As shown below, any voltage difference
between the two ground referenc e poin ts (V
through the measurement leads. This causes errors such as noise and offset
voltage (usually power -line related), which are added to the measur ed
voltage.
The best way to eliminate ground loops is to ma intain the mu ltimeter's input
isolation from earth; do not co nnect the input terminals to ground. If the
multimeter must be earth-r efe renced, be sure to connect it, and the
device-under-te st, to the same common ground point. This will reduce or
eliminate any voltage dif ference between the devices. Also make sure the
multimeter and device-und er-te st are conne cted to the same ele ctr ical out let
whenever possible.
ground) cause s a current to flow
28 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information
Chapter 2
Resistance Measurements
The E1412A offers two methods for measuring resistance: 2-wire and
4-wire ohms. For both methods, the test current flows from the input HI
terminal and then through th e resistor being mea sured. For 2-wire ohms, the
voltage drop a cross the resistor being measured is sensed internal to the
multimeter. The refore, input cable resistance is a lso measured. For 4-wire
ohms, separa t e “sen se” co n nect i ons are required. Sin ce no cu rr en t flow s in
the HI-LO “Sense ” terminal cables, the resistances in these cables d o not
give a measurement error.
The errors discussed pre viously for dc voltage measurements also apply to
resistance measurements. Additional error sources unique to resistance
measurements are discussed in the following sections.
4-Wire Ohms
Measurements
The 4-wire ohms method provi des the most accurate way to measure small
resistances. Errors due to test cable resistances and contact resistances are
reduced using this method. Four-wire ohms is often used in automated test
applications w here long cable lengths, numerous connections, or switches
exist between the multimeter and the device-under-test. The recommended
connections for 4-wire ohms measurements are shown below.
Chapter 2
Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information 29
Removing Field
Wiring Resistance
Errors
in 2-Wire Ohms
Measurements
Field wiring can cause an offset error in 2-wire resistance measuremen ts.
You can use the following procedure to minimize offset errors associate d
with field wiring resistance in 2-wire ohms measurements. You short the
field wiring at the DUT location and measur e the 2-wire lead resistance.
This value is subtra cted from subseque nt DUT 2-wir e ohms measurement s.
There are two ways to effectively null out the lead resistance. The first way
is to characte rize your f ield l ead re sistance by shorti ng the le ads at the DUT
location and measure and record the lead resistance. Then enable the math
operation and store the 2-wi re lead measurement value using the
CALCulate:NULL:OFFSet <value> command (CALC:STATe must be ON to
do this).
The following program shows SCPI examples used to store a
CONF:RES Set to 2-wire ohms func tion.
Short the lead resistance at the DUT locat ion.
READ? Measure the 2-wire ohms lead resistance.
Enter lead resistance value into computer.
CALCulate:FUNCtion NULL Set math operation to NULL.
CALCulate:STATe ON Turn math operati on ON.
CALCulate:NULL:OFFSet <value> Store the NULL offset value.
NULL value.
Subsequent 2-wire ohms measure ments will subtract the null offset value
from the meas urement thereb y remo v ing t he lead resi s tan ce from the
measurement.
The second way to store the 2-wire lead resista nce as the
NULL offset value
is to let t he multimeter automatic ally do thi s with th e first measur ement. The
first measurement made after
STATe is set to ON stores the measured value as the null offset.
CONF:RES Set to 2-wire ohms func tion.
Short the lead resistance at the DUT locat ion.
CALCulate:FUNCtion NULL Set math operati on to NUL L.
CALCulate:STATe ON Turn math operation ON.
READ? Measure the 2-wire ohms lead resistance.
Enter le a d re s is ta n ce value in t o comp u ter. The val u e is a ut o m a ti ca l ly
stored in the multimeter's null offset register.
Remove the short fr om the lead resistanc e at the DUT location
and connect leads to your DUT.
READ? Make a 2-wire ohms resista nce measurement.
Enter lead resistance value into computer. The NULL value is
subtracted from the measurement to more accurately provide the
DUT resistance.
CALCulate function is set to NULL and the
30 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information
Chapter 2
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