User’s Guide
HP 86060C-Series
Lightwave Switches
© Copyright Hewlett-Packard
Company 1998
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without prior written
permission is prohibited,
except as allowed under copyright laws.
HP Part No. 86060-90015
Printed in USA
July 1998
Hewlett-Packard Company
Lightwave Operations
1400 Fountaingrove Parkway
Santa Rosa, CA 95403-1799,
USA
(707) 577-1400
Notice.
The information contained in
this document is subject to
change without notice. Companies, names, and data used
in examples herein are fictitious unless otherwise noted.
Hewlett-Packard makes no
warranty of any kind with
regard to this material, including but not limited to, the
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
particular purpose. HewlettPackard shall not be liable for
errors contained herein or for
incidental or consequential
damages in connection with
the furnishing, performance,
or use of this material.
Restricted Rights Legend.
Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government
is subject to restrictions as set
forth in subparagraph (c) (1)
(ii) of the Rights in Technical
Data and Computer Software
clause at DFARS 252.227-7013
for DOD agencies, and subparagraphs (c) (1) and (c) (2)
of the Commercial Computer
Software Restricted Rights
clause at FAR 52.227-19 for
other agencies.
Warrant y.
This Hewlett-Packard instrument product is warranted
against defects in material and
workmanship for a period of
one year from date of shipment. During the warranty
period, Hewlett-Packard Company will, at its option, either
repair or replace products
which prove to be defective.
For warranty service or repair,
this product must be returned
to a service facility designated by Hewlett-Packard.
Buyer shall prepay shipping
charges to Hewlett-Packard
and Hewlett-Packard shall pay
shipping charges to return the
product to Buyer. However,
Buyer shall pay all shipping
charges, duties, and taxes for
products returned to HewlettPackard from another country.
Hewlett-Packard warrants
that its software and firmware
designated by Hewlett-Packard for use with an instrument
will execute its programming
instructions when properly
installed on that instrument.
Hewlett-Packard does not
warrant that the operation of
the instrument, or software,
or firmware will be uninterrupted or error-free.
Limitation of Warranty.
The foregoing warranty shall
not apply to defects resulting
from improper or inadequate
maintenance by Buyer, Buyersupplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation
outside of the environmental
specifications for the product,
or improper site preparation
or maintenance.
No other warranty is
expressed or implied.
Hewlett-Packard specifically
disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
Exclusive Remedies.
The remedies provided herein
are buyer's sole and exclusive
remedies. Hewlett-Packard
shall not be liable for any
direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages, whether based on
contract, tort, or any other
legal theory.
Safety Symbols.
CAUTION
The
hazard. It calls attention to a
procedure which, if not correctly performed or adhered
to, could result in damage to
or destruction of the product.
Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until the indicated
conditions are fully understood and met.
WAR N IN G
The
hazard. It calls attention to a
procedure which, if not correctly performed or adhered
to, could result in injury or
loss of life. Do not proceed
beyond a warning sign until
the indicated conditions are
fully understood and met.
sign denotes a
caution
warning
sign denotes a
The instruction manual symbol. The product is marked with this
warning symbol when
it is necessary for the
user to refer to the
instructions in the
manual.
The laser radiation
symbol. This warning
symbol is marked on
products which have a
laser output.
The AC symbol is used
to indicate the
required nature of the
line module input
power.
The ON symbols are
|
used to mark the positions of the instrument
power line switch.
The OFF symbols
❍
are used to mark the
positions of the instrument power line
switch.
The CE mark is a registered trademark of
the European Community.
The CSA mark is a registered trademark of
the Canadian Standards Association.
The C-Tick mark is a
registered trademark
of the Australian Spectrum Management
Agency.
This text denotes the
ISM1-A
instrument is an
Industrial Scientific
and Medical Group 1
Class A product.
ii
General Safety Considerations
General Safety Considerations
This product has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publication 1010, Safety Requirements for Electronic Measuring Apparatus, and has
been supplied in a safe condition. The instruction documentation contains
information and warnings which must be followed by the user to ensure safe
operation and to maintain the product in a safe condition.
WARNING
WARNING
WARNING
WARNING
WARNING
This is a Safety Class I product (provided with a protective earthing
ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be
inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact.
Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside of the
instrument is likely to make the instrument dangerous. Intentional
interruption is prohibited.
No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified
personnel. To prevent electrical shock, do not remove covers.
If this product is not used as specified, the protection provided by the
equipment could be impaired. This product must be used in a normal
condition (in which all means for protection are intact) only.
For continued protection against fire hazard, replace line fuse only
with same type and rating (type 2A/250V). The use of other fuses or
materials is prohibited.
On Option 002 dual input instruments, any light on an
unselected “A” channel will likely be output on one of the
unselected “B” channels.
On Option 002 dual input instruments, any light on an
unselected “B” channel will likely be output on an unselected
“A” channel.
To avoid exposure to light energy, always cover all unused channels.
iii
General Safety Considerations
CAUTION
CAUTION
CAUTION
CAUTION
Always use the three-prong ac power cord supplied with this product. Failure
to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause product
damage.
This instrument has autoranging line voltage input. Be sure the supply voltage
is within the specified range.
CAUTION, VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS: When installing the product in a
cabinet, the convection into and out of the product must not be restricted. The
ambient temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the maximum
operating temperature of the product by 4°C for every 100 watts dissipated in
the cabinet. If the total power dissipated in the cabinet is greater than 800
watts, then forced convection must be used.
This product is designed for use in INSTALLATION CATEGORY II and
POLLUTION DEGREE 2, per IEC 1010 and 664 respectively.
iv
Contents
1 General Information
Channels, Options, and Accessories 1-3
Specifications and Regulatory Information 1-7
Regulatory Information 1-11
Care of Fiber-Optic Connectors 1-13
Inspecting connectors 1-13
Cleaning optical connectors 1-17
Measuring insertion loss and return loss 1-19
Returning the Instrument for Service 1-20
Preparing the instrument for shipping 1-21
Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices 1-23
2 Installing
Step 1. Inspect the shipment 2-3
Step 2. Check the fuse 2-4
Step 3. Connect the line-power cable 2-5
Step 4. Turn on the lightwave switch 2-7
Step 5. Performing an operational check 2-8
If The Operational Check Fails 2-10
3 Using the Switch
Front-panel features 3-3
Rear-panel features 3-5
Changing Switch Position 3-6
To set single port A switches 3-7
To set dual port A switches 3-8
Adjusting Display Contrast 3-8
Saving Switch States 3-8
To save a state 3-9
To recall a state 3-10
4 Programming
General Information 4-3
Setting the switches 4-4
Returning the switch to manual control 4-5
Response generation 4-6
Programming over HP-IB 4-7
Contents-1
Contents
Programming over RS-232 4-9
Common Commands 4-12
Standard SCPI Commands 4-23
Instrument Specific Commands 4-27
Error Messages 4-31
Programming Examples 4-32
Example 1: Switch position using the *WAI command 4-33
Example 2: Switch position using the Status Byte Register 4-35
Example 3: Switch position using the *OPC command 4-37
Example 4: Input/output multiplexers 4-39
5Servicing
Spare Channel Replacement Procedure 5-4
Electrostatic Discharge Information 5-7
Contents-2
1
Channels, Options, and Accessories 1-3
Specifications and Regulatory Information 1-7
Care of Fiber-Optic Connectors 1-13
Returning the Instrument for Service 1-20
Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices 1-23
General Information
General Information
General Information
General Information
The HP 86060C-series lightwave switches cover a broad range of switching
capacity and provide for accurate and repeatable measurements. Configuring
the switch is easy because the signal routing is shown graphically on the display. You can easily integrate the switch into an automated test system using
SCPI-compatible commands via HP-IB or RS-232 interfaces. The HP 86060Cseries lightwave switches are temperature stabilized.
• The HP 86060C is a compact switch with 4 to 8 output channels and 1 or 2 inputs.
• The HP 86061C is a mid-size switch in a half-width chassis, with 1 or 2 input
channels. It can accommodate from 4 to 12 output channels on the front panel,
and up to 18 outputs on the rear panel.
WARNING
CAUTION
CAUTION
• The HP 86062C is a full-width switch with 20 to 100 output channels.
On Option 002 dual input instruments, any light on an
unselected “A” channel will likely be output on one of the
unselected “B” channels.
On Option 002 dual input instruments, any light on an
unselected “B” channel will likely be output on an unselected
“A” channel.
To avoid exposure to light energy, always cover all unused channels.
Improper connector care, cleaning, or use of mismatched cable connectors can
invalidate the published specifications and damage connectors. Clean all cables
before applying to any connector. Repair of damaged connectors due to
improper use is not covered under warranty. Refer to “Care of Fiber-Optic
Connectors” on page 1-13 for proper cleaning procedures.
OPTION 3XX INSTRUMENTS: To avoid damage, handle the pigtail fiber with
care. Use only an appropriate fiber cleaver tool for cutting the fiber. Do not pull
the bare fiber out of its jacket, crush it, kink it, or bend it past its minimum bend
radius.
1-2
General Information
Channels, Options, and Accessories
Channels, Options, and Accessories
Fiber-optic cables
The lightwave switch use one of three types of fiber-optic cables. To determine which fiber-optic cable type your lightwave switch uses, refer to the rearpanel serial number label. This label indicates the installed options which are
defined in the following list:
Option 109:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1280–1650 nm, 9/125 µm single-mode fiber
Option 163:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750–1350 nm, 62.5/125 µm multimode fiber
Option H51: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .750–1350 nm, 50/125 µm multimode fiber
Switching is bi-directional
The lightwave switches are based on a moving fiber technology where an input
fiber is aligned with any one of “N” fixed output fibers. The input fiber is positioned by means of a precision stepper motor. Lightwave switches with two
input fibers allow the user to position either input A1 or A2 to a specific output channel. The non-selected input
put channel.
Lightwave switches with three or more “B” channels have an additional position called channel O or OFF.
may
may not
or
align with another out-
Special ordered instruments
Normal lightwave switches have only one layer installed. (A switch layer is a
switch matrix of “A” ports and “B” ports.) However, special ordered instruments may have multiple switch layers installed. If the rear panel shows more
than one set of “A” ports and “B” ports, the instrument has multiple switch
layers. Other switch configurations, such as non-blocking matrices are available as special orders.
Serial numbers
Hewlett-Packard makes frequent improvements to its products to enhance
their performance, usability, or reliability, and to control costs. HP service personnel have access to complete records of design changes to each type of
equipment, based on the equipment’s serial number. Whenever you contact
1-3
General Information
Channels, Options, and Accessories
Hewlett-Packard about your lightwave switch, have the complete serial number available to ensure obtaining the most complete and accurate information
possible.
A serial-number label is attached to the rear of the lightwave switch. It contains the serial number and the options installed in the lightwave switch.
Whenever you specify the serial number or refer to it in obtaining information
about your lightwave switch, be sure to use the complete number, including
the full prefix and suffix.
Table 1-1. Output Channels
HP 86060C Compact
Lightwave Switch
Number of Output Channels
04
06
08
HP 86061C Mid-Size
Lightwave Switch
04
08
12
16
HP 86062C Full-Size
Lightwave Switch
20
24
28
32
40
48
56
64
72
80
00 (100 output channels)
1-4
General Information
Channels, Options, and Accessories
Table 1-2. Options
Option Description
Number of Input Channels (select one):
Option 001 Single input channel
Option 002 Two input channels
Wavelength and Fiber Type (select one):
Option 109
Option 163
Option H51
Port Type (select one):
Option 050 Connectors on front panel. (Only available on an HP 86060C or
Option 051 Connectors on rear panel. (For connectorized outputs only.)
Option 052 3 meter fiber out of the rear panel. (For connectorized outputs, the
Output Channels (select one):
(1 of 2)
1280–1650 nm, 9/125
750–1350 nm, 62.5/125
750–1350 nm, 50/125
HP 86061C, with Option 204.)
connector is at the end of the 3 meter fiber.)
m single-mode fiber
µ
m multimode fiber
µ
m multimode fiber (special order)
µ
Option 2XX Where XX is the number of connectorized output channels.
(Note: Option 200 is 100 connectorized output channels.)
Option 3XX Where XX is the number of non-connectorized output channels.
(Note: Option 300 is 100 non-connectorized output channels.)
Connector Type (for connectorized ports or fibers only):
Option 012 FC/PC connectors
Option 014 ST connectors
Option 017 SC connectors
FC/APC or SC/APC connectors (special order)
1-5
General Information
Channels, Options, and Accessories
Table 1-2. Options
Option Description
Optional Accessories
Option ABJ User’s manual in Japanese
Option UK6 Commercial calibration certificate with test data
Option 1CM Rack-mount flange kit
Option 1CN Front handle kit
Option 1CP Rack mount flange kit with handles
(2 of 2)
Table 1-3. Accessories
HP Part Number Description
5062-3957 Rack mount adapter kit for a single half-width instrument.
5062-3977 Rack mount adapter kit for two adjacent half-width instruments.
5062-4079 Lock link kit for the HP 5062-3977.
5952-4079 Fiber Optics Handbook, an introduction to, and a reference for, fiber-optic
measurements.
1-6
General Information
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Specifications and Regulatory Information
This section lists specifications and regulatory information of the HP 86060Cseries lightwave switches. Specifications apply over the temperature range
+0°C to +55°C (unless otherwise noted). All specifications apply after the
instrument’s temperature has been stabilized after 120 minutes of continuous
operation.
Table 1-4 on page 1-8 lists specification,
The distinction between these terms is described as follows:
characteristics
, and nominal values.
Specifications
Characteristics Characteristics
Nominal values
Calibration cycle
CAUTION
Specifications describe warranted performance.
ranted, performance parameters.
Nominal value indicates the expected, but not warranted, value of the parameter.
HP warrants instrument specifications over the recommended calibration
interval. To maintain specifications, periodic recalibrations are necessary. We
recommend that the HP 86060C-series switches be calibrated at an HP service
facility every 24 months.
Improper connector care, cleaning, or use of mismatched cable connectors can
invalidate the published specifications and damage connectors. Clean all cables
before applying to any connector. Repair of damaged connectors due to
improper use is not covered under warranty. Refer to “Care of Fiber-Optic
Connectors” on page 1-13 for proper cleaning procedures.
provide useful information by giving functional, but nonwar-
Characteristics are printed in italics.
1-7
General Information
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Table 1-4. Optical Interface Specifications and Characteristics
Insertion Loss
Single-mode switches
Multi-mode switches
Insertion Loss Stability
Repeatability
Sequential switching
Random switching
Optical Return Loss
Single-mode
Multimode
Polarization Dependent Loss
Isolation
Typical Switching Life
a
1.0 dB
(0.7 dB)
0.8 dB
(0.6 dB)
b
c
d
e
±0.03 dB
±0.008 dB
±0.025 dB
58 dB
(62 dB)
20 dB
(25 dB)
0.05 dB
(0.02 dB)
80 dB
–
(–100 dB)
(±0.025)
(±0.005)
(±0.01)
10 million cycles, minimum
Switching Time
Between adjacent channels
Each additional channel
a. Insertion loss does not include connectors. Include an additional 0.5 dB (
connector.
b. Drift of any channel relative to one assigned reference channel at ±3°C deviation of ambient temperature
over 7 day period.
c. Repeatability measured after four (4) hours warm-up and with an eight (8) second pause between
movements.
d. Excludes external pigtail backscatter and connector reflections.
e. Polarization dependent loss only applies to single-mode switches and is measured at 1550 nm.
330 msec
50 msec
0.25 dB characteristic
) for each
1-8
Table 1-5. Switching Time Sample (msec)
General Information
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Switch Sizea
Switch
1×4 HP 86060C,
Starting Channel to
Adjacent Channels
Plus Additional
Time/Channel
Maximum
Switching Time
290 40 370
b
HP 86061C
1×8 HP 86060C,
290 40 530
HP 86061C
1×56 HP 86062C 258 7.5 663
1×100 HP 86062C 258 7.5 993
a. Note that the switch mechanism used for channel count greater than 48 is different, hence switching time.
b. Switching time = (switching between starting and adjacent channel) + (additional time/channel) × remaining channel increments to reach
last channel.
Table 1-6. General Specifications (1 of 2)
OPTICAL CONNECTORS
Option 012 FC/PC connectors
Option 014 ST connectors
Option 017 SC connectors
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Temperature Range
Operating
Storage
Humidity
Operating
Storage
a,b,c
+0°C to +55°C
–40°C to +70°C
Maximum relative humidity 95% for temperatures up to 40°C (non-condensing)
Maximum relative humidity less than 90% at 65
C
°
Altitude Altitude up to 15,000 feet (4,572 meters).
EMI Compatibility Conducted and radiated emissions meet the requirements of CISPR Publication 11 and
EN 55011 Group 1, Class A.
Power Requirements 100/115/230/240 V (range 90 to 254 Vac),
50/60 Hz (range 47 to 63 Hz)
Power Consumption Up to 80 VA
Installation Category Category II per I.E.C. 1010
Pollution Degree Degree 2 per I.E.C. 664
1-9
General Information
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Table 1-6. General Specifications (2 of 2)
Usage For indoor use.
Enclosure Protection IP 2 0, according to IEC 529
Weight
(dependent on # of channels)
HP 86060C
HP 86061C
HP 86062C
Dimensions (H × W × D)
d
HP 86060C
HP 86061C
HP 86062C
a. All HP 86060C-series lightwave switches must specify one of the following options, except when specifying Option 3xx.
b. Unlike most HP lightwave instruments, connector types are not interchangeable.
c. Other connector types are available upon request.
d. Feet add 12.5 mm to the height of the instrument.
3.76 kg to 4.1 kg (8.4 lb to 9.2 lb)
4.0 kg to 6.18 kg (8.8 lb to 13.6 lb)
7.72 kg to 13.74 kg (17.25 lb to 30.7 lb)
132.6 × 213 × 345.4 mm (5.25 × 8.39 × 14 in)
177 × 213 × 345.4 mm (7 × 8.39 × 14 in)
177 × 425 × 345.4 mm (7 × 16.75 × 14 in)
1-10
General Information
Specifications and Regulatory Information
Regulatory Information
This instrument is in conformance with the German Regulation on Noise Declaration for Machines (Laermangabe nach der Maschinenlaermrerordnung
–3.GSGV Deutschland).
Notice for Germany: Noise Declaration
Acoustic Noise Emission Geraeuschemission
LpA < 70 dB LpA < 70 dB
Operator position am Arbeitsplatz
Normal position normaler Betrieb
per ISO 7779 nach DIN 45635 t.19
1-11
General Information
Specifications and Regulatory Information
1-12
General Information
Care of Fiber-Optic Connectors
Care of Fiber-Optic Connectors
Advances in measurement capabilities make connectors and connection techniques more important than ever. Damage to the connectors on calibration
and verification devices, test ports, cables, and other devices can degrade
measurement accuracy and damage instruments. Replacing a damaged connector can be very expensive, not to mention the lost time. This expense can
be avoided by observing the simple precautions presented in this section.
CAUTION
The connectors on the switch are
to the the lightwave switch it is
procedures in “Cleaning optical connectors” on page 1-17.
not
easily cleaned. Before connecting cables
very
important they are cleaned following the
Inspecting connectors
Because fiber-optic connectors are susceptible to damage that is not immediately obvious to the naked eye, bad measurements can be made without the
user even being aware of a connector problem. Although microscopic examination and return loss measurements are the best way to ensure good connections, they are not always practical. An awareness of potential problems, along
with good cleaning practices, can ensure that optimum connector performance is maintained. With glass-to-glass interfaces, it is clear that any degradation of a ferrule or fiber endface, any stray particles, or finger oil on the
endface, can have a significant effect on connector performance. Many times
an instrument must be serviced to replace a damaged connector when thousands of dollars and lost time could have been avoided if better care were
given to the fiber-optic connector.
Figure 1-1 is a close-up micrograph of a clean cable endface. In contrast, Fig-
ure 1-2 shows a connector endface that was either not cleaned, or not prop-
erly cleaned. Material is smeared and ground into the endface causing light
scattering and poor reflection. Not only is the precision polish lost, but this
action can grind off the glass face and destroy the connector.
1-13
General Information
Care of Fiber-Optic Connectors
Figure 1-1. A clean and problem-free connector
Figure 1-2. A dirty endface from poor cleaning
Repeated connections made without removing loose particles, or using
improper cleaning tools can lead to physical damage of the glass fiber endface,
as shown in Figure 1-2. When severe, the damage on one connector end can
be transferred to another good connector that comes in contact with it.
1-14
General Information
Care of Fiber-Optic Connectors
Figure 1-3. A damaged fiber end from using an improper cleaning procedure
The cure for these problems is disciplined connector care. as described in the
following list and in “Cleaning optical connectors” on page 1-17.
Guidelines
Use the following guidelines to achieve the best possible performance when
making measurements on a fiber-optic system:
• Keep connectors covered when not in use.
• Use dry connections whenever possible.
• Never use metal or sharp objects to clean the connector and never scrape the
connector.
• Avoid matching gel and oils.
While these often work well on first insertion, they are great dirt magnets. The
oil or gel grabs and holds grit that is then ground into the fiber endface. Also,
some early gels were designed for use with the FC, non-contacting connectors, using small glass spheres. When used with contacting connectors, these
glass balls can scratch and pit the fiber. If an index matching gel or oil must be
used, apply it to a freshly cleaned connector, make the measurement, and
then immediately clean it off. Never use a gel for longer-term connections and
never use it to improve a damaged connector. The gel can mask the extent of
damage and continued use of a damaged fiber can transfer damage to the
instrument.
• When inserting a fiber-optic cable into a connector or adapter, gently insert it
in as straight a line as possible. Make sure the fiber end does not touch the outside of the mating connector or adapter. Tipping and inserting at an angle can
1-15
General Information
Care of Fiber-Optic Connectors
scrape material off the inside of the connector or even break the inside sleeve
of connectors made with ceramic material.
• Avoid over tightening connections.
Unlike common electrical connections, tighter is
not
better. The purpose of
the connector is to bring the endfaces of two fibers together. Once they touch,
tightening only causes a greater force to be applied to the delicate endfaces.
With some connectors, the end can set itself off-axis with a tight connection,
due to the curved face, resulting in misalignment and excessive return loss.
Many measurements are actually improved by backing off the connector pressure. Also, if a piece of grit does happen to get by the cleaning procedure, the
tighter connection is more likely to damage the glass. Tighten the connectors
just until the two fibers touch.
• Keep connections covered when not in use.
• Use fusion splices on the more permanent critical nodes. Choose the best connector possible. Replace connecting cables regularly. Frequently measure the
return loss of the connector to check for degradation, and clean
every
tor,
time.
every
connec-
All connectors should be treated like the high-quality lens of a good camera.
The weak link in instrument and system reliability is often the inappropriate
use and care of the connector. Because current connectors are so easy to use,
there tends to be reduced vigilance in connector care and cleaning. It takes
only one missed cleaning for a piece of grit to permanently damage the glass
and ruin the connector.
Visual inspection of fiber ends
Visual inspection of fiber ends can be helpful. Contamination or imperfections
on the cable end can be detected, as well as cracks or chips in the fiber itself.
Use a microscope with 100× to 200× magnification to inspect the entire end
face for contamination, raised metal, or dents in the metal as well as any other
imperfections. Inspect the fiber for cracks and chips. Visible imperfections not
touching the fiber core may not affect performance, unless the imperfections
keep the fibers from contacting.
1-16
Cleaning optical connectors
General Information
Care of Fiber-Optic Connectors
CAUTION
CAUTION
The connectors on the switch are
to the the lightwave switch it is
not
easily cleaned. Before connecting cables
very
important they are cleaned following the
procedures in this section.
The procedures in this section provide the proper steps for cleaning fiberoptic cables. The initial cleaning, using alcohol as a solvent, gently removes
any grit and oil. If a caked-on layer of material is still present, this can happen
if the beryllium-copper sides of the ferrule retainer get scraped and deposited
on the end of the fiber during insertion of the cable, a second cleaning should
be performed. It is no uncommon for a cable or connector to require more
than one cleaning.
Hewlett-Packard strongly recommends that index matching compounds
not
be
applied to their instruments and accessories. Some compounds, such as gels,
may be difficult to remove and can contain damaging particulates. If you think
the use of such compounds is necessary, refer to the compound manufacturer
for information on application and cleaning procedures.
Table 1-7. Cleaning Accessories
Item HP Part Number
Isopropyl alcohol 8500-5344
Cotton swabs 8520-0023
Small foam swabs 9300-1223
Compressed dust remover (non-residue) 8500-5262
1-17
General Information
Care of Fiber-Optic Connectors
Table 1-8. Dust Caps Provided with Lightwave Instruments
Item HP Part Number
Laser shutter cap 08145-64521
FC/PC dust cap 08154-44102
Biconic dust cap 08154-44105
DIN dust cap 5040-9364
HMS10/HP dust cap 5040-9361
ST dust cap 5040-9366
Cleaning a non-lensed connector
CAUTION
CAUTION
Do not use any type of foam swab to clean optical fiber ends. Foam swabs can
leave filmy deposits on fiber ends that can degrade performance.
1
Apply pure isopropyl alcohol to a clean lint-free cotton swab or lens paper.
2
Clean the ferrules and other parts of the connector while avoiding the end of
the fiber.
3
Apply isopropyl alcohol to a new clean lint-free cotton swab or lens paper.
4
Clean the fiber end with the swab or lens paper.
not
Do
scrub during this initial cleaning because grit can be caught in the
swab and become a gouging element.
5
Immediately dry the fiber end with a clean, dry, lint-free cotton swab or lens
paper.
6
Blow across the connector end face from a distance of 6 to 8 inches using
filtered, dry, compressed air. Aim the compressed air at a shallow angle to the
fiber end face.
Nitrogen gas or compressed dust remover can also be used.
Do not shake, tip, or invert compressed air canisters. This releases particles
from the can into the air. Refer to the instructions on the compressed air
canister.
7
As soon as the connector is dry, connect or cover it for later use.
1-18
General Information
Care of Fiber-Optic Connectors
If the performance, after the initial cleaning, seems poor try cleaning the connector again. Often a second cleaning will restore proper performance. The
second cleaning should be more arduous with a scrubbing action.
Measuring insertion loss and return loss
Consistent measurements with your lightwave equipment are a good indication that you have good connections. Since return loss and insertion loss are
key factors in determining optical performance they can be used to determine
connector degradation A smooth, polished fiber end should produce a good
return loss measurement. The quality of the polish establishes the difference
between the “PC” (physical contact) and the “Super PC” connectors. Most
connectors today are physical contact which make glass-to-glass connections,
therefore it is critical that the area around the glass core be clean and free of
scratches. Although the major area of a connector, excluding the glass, may
show scratches and wear, of the glass has maintained its polished smoothness,
the connector can still provide a good low level return loss connection.
If you test your cables and accessories for insertion loss and return loss upon
receipt, and retain the measured data for comparison, in the future you will be
able to tell if any degradation has occurred. Typical values are less than 0.5 dB
of loss, and sometimes as little as 0.1 dB of loss with high performance connectors. Return loss is a measure of reflection: the less reflections the better.
The larger the return loss, the smaller the reflection. The most physically contacting connectors have return losses better than 50 dB, although 30 to 40 dB
is more common.
1-19
General Information
Returning the Instrument for Service
Returning the Instrument for Service
The instructions in this section show you how to properly return the instrument for repair or calibration. Always call the HP Instrument Support Center
first to initiate service
This ensures that the repair (or calibration) can be properly tracked and that
your instrument will be returned to you as quickly as possible. Call this number regardless of where you are located. Refer to “Hewlett-Packard Sales and
Service Offices” on page 1-23 for a list of service offices.
HP Instrument Support Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(800) 403-0801
If the instrument is still under warranty or is covered by an HP maintenance
contract, it will be repaired under the terms of the warranty or contract (the
warranty is at the front of this manual). If the instrument is no longer under
warranty or is not covered by an HP maintenance plan, Hewlett-Packard will
notify you of the cost of the repair after examining the unit.
When an instrument is returned to a Hewlett-Packard service office for servicing, it must be adequately packaged and have a complete description of the
failure symptoms attached. When describing the failure, please be as specific
as possible about the nature of the problem. Include copies of additional failure information (such as the instrument failure settings, data related to instrument failure, and error messages) along with the instrument being returned.
before
returning your instrument to a service office.
1-20
General Information
Returning the Instrument for Service
Preparing the instrument for shipping
1
Write a complete description of the failure and attach it to the instrument.
Include any specific performance details related to the problem. The following
information should be returned with the instrument.
• Type of service required.
• Date instrument was returned for repair.
• Description of the problem:
• Whether problem is constant or intermittent.
• Whether instrument is temperature-sensitive.
• Whether instrument is vibration-sensitive.
• Instrument settings required to reproduce the problem.
• Performance data.
• Company name and return address.
• Name and phone number of technical contact person.
• Model number of returned instrument.
• Full serial number of returned instrument.
• List of any accessories returned with instrument.
CAUTION
CAUTION
2
Cover all front or rear-panel connectors that were originally covered when you
first received the instrument.
Cover electrical connectors to protect sensitive components from electrostatic
damage. Cover optical connectors to protect them from damage due to physical
contact or dust.
Use original packaging or equivalent. Instrument damage can result from using
packaging materials other than the original materials. Never use styrene pellets
as packaging material. They do not adequately cushion the instrument or
prevent it from shifting in the carton. They may also cause instrument damage
by generating static electricity.
3
Pack the instrument in the original shipping containers. Original materials are
available through any Hewlett-Packard office. Or, use the following guidelines:
• Wrap the instrument in antistatic plastic to reduce the possibility of damage
caused by electrostatic discharge.
• For instruments weighing less than 54 kg (120 lb), use a double-walled, cor-
rugated cardboard carton of 159 kg (350 lb) test strength.
• The carton must be large enough to allow approximately 7 cm (3 inches) on
1-21
General Information
Returning the Instrument for Service
all sides of the instrument for packing material, and strong enough to accommodate the weight of the instrument.
• Surround the equipment with approximately 7 cm (3 inches)
1
of packing
material, to protect the instrument and prevent it from moving in the carton.
If packing foam is not available, the best alternative is S.D-240 Air Cap™
from Sealed Air Corporation (Commerce, California 90001). Air Cap looks
like a plastic sheet filled with air bubbles. Use the pink (antistatic) Air Cap™
to reduce static electricity. Wrapping the instrument several times in this
material will protect the instrument and prevent it from moving in the carton.
4
Seal the carton with strong nylon adhesive tape.
5
Mark the carton “FRAGILE, HANDLE WITH CARE”.
6
Retain copies of all shipping papers.
1. Preferably 1.8 lb/ft3 urethane foam, Indented Load Deflection (ILD) rating 85.
1-22
Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices
Before returning an instrument for service, call the HP Instrument Support
Center at (800) 403-0801.
Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices (1 of 2)
U.S. FIELD OPERATIONS
Headquarters
Hewlett-Packard Company
19320 Pruneridge Avenue
Cupertino, CA 95014 U.S.A.
(800) 752-0900
California, Northern
Hewlett-Packard Company
301 East Evelyn
Mountain View, CA 94041
(415) 694-2000
General Information
Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices
California, Southern
Hewlett-Packard Company
1421 South Manhatten Ave.
Fullerton, CA 92631
(714) 999-6700
Colorado
Hewlett-Packard Company
24 Inverness Place, East
Englewood, CO 80112
(303) 649-5000
New Jersey
Hewlett-Packard Company
150 Green Pond Road, Dock 1
Rockaway, NJ 07866
(201) 586-5910
EUROPEAN FIELD OPERATIONS
Headquarters
Hewlett-Packard S.A.
150, Route du Nant-d’Avril
1217 Meyrin 2/Geneva Switzerland
(41 22) 780.8111
Great Britain
Hewlett-Packard Ltd.
Eskdale Road, Winnersh Triangle
Wokingham, Berkshire RG11 5DZ
Georgia
Hewlett-Packard Company
2000 South Park Place
Atlanta, GA 30339
(404) 955-1500
Texas
Hewlett-Packard Company
930 East Campbell Road
Richardson, TX 75081
(214) 231-6101
France
Hewlett-Packard France
1 Avenue Du Canada
Zone D’Activite De Courtaboeuf
F-91947 Les Ulis Cedex France
(33 1) 69 82 60 60
Illinois
Hewlett-Packard Company
5201 Tollview Drive
Rolling Meadows, IL 60008
(708) 342-2000
Germany
Hewlett-Packard GmbH
Hewlett-Packard Strasse
61352 Bad Homburg Germany
(+49 6172) 16-0
1-23
General Information
Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices
Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices (2 of 2)
INTERCON FIELD OPERATIONS
Headquarters
Hewlett-Packard Company
3495 Deer Creek Rd.
Palo Alto, California 94304-1316
(415) 857-5027
Australia
Hewlett-Packard Australia Ltd.
31-41 Joseph Street
Blackburn, Victoria 3130
(61 3) 895-2895
Canada
Hewlett-Packard Ltd.
17500 South Service Road
Trans-Canada Highway
Kirkland, Quebec H9J 2X8
Canada
(514) 697-4232
China
China Hewlett-Packard Company
38 Bei San Huan X1 Road
Shuang Yu Shu
Hai Dian District
Beijing, China
(86 1) 256-6888
Taiwan
Hewlett-Packard Taiwan
8th Floor, H-P Building
337 Fu Hsing North Road
Taipei, Taiwan
(886 2) 712-0404
Japan
Hackioji-Hewlett-Packard Ltd.
9-1 Takakura-Cho, Hachioji
Tokyo 192, Japan
(+81-26) 60-2111
Singapore
Hewlett-Packard Singapore Ltd.
Pte. Ltd.
Alexandra P.O. Box 87
Singapore 9115
(65) 271-9444
1-24
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