Agilent Technologies
8510C Network Analyzer System
Operating and Programming Manual
For use with Firmware Revision C.07.XX with CRT display
For use with Firmware Revision C.08.XX or greater with LCD
Serial Numbers
This manual applies directly to instruments with
this serial prefix number or above: 3031A.
Part Number: 08510-90281
Printed in USA
May 2001
Edition 3.0
Supersedes January 31, 1994
© Copyright Agilent Technologies 1989, 1994, 2001
Certification
Agilent Technologies certies that this product met its publishedspecications at the time
of shipment from the factory. Agilent further certies that its calibration measurements
aretraceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology, to the
extent allowed by the Institute's calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other
International Standards Organization members.
Warranty
This Agilent instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for
a period of one year from date of delivery. During the warranty perio d, Agilent will, at its
option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective.
For warranty service or repair, this pro duct must b e returned to a service facility designated
by AgilentTechnologies. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Agilent and Agilent shall
pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all shipping
charges, duties, and taxes for pro ducts returned to Agilen
t from another country.
Agilentwarrants that its software and rmware designated by Agilent for use with an
instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that
instrument. Agilent do es not warrant that the operation of the instrument, or software, or
rmware will be uninterrupted or error free.
Limitation of Warranty
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate
maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modication or
misuse, operation outside of the environmental specications for the product, or improper site
preparation or maintenance.
NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. AGILENT SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES
THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. Agilent SHALL
NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.
c
Copyright AgilentTechnologies, Inc., 1989, 1994, 2001 All rights reserved. 1400
FountaingroveParkway, Santa Rosa, CA 95403 U.S.A.
Safety and Regulatory Information
Review this product and related documentation to familiarize yourself with safety markings
and instructions before you operate this instrument.
This product has been designed and tested in accordance with the standards listed on the
Manufacturer's Declaration of Conformity, and has been supplied in a safe condition. The
documentation contains information and warnings that must be followed by the user to ensure
safe operation and to maintain the pro duct in a safe condition.
Caution
Warning
The CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a pro cedure
which, if not correctly p erformed or adhered to, could result in damage to or
destruction of the instrument. Do not pro ceed beyond a
caution
sign until the
indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
The WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which,
if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss of life. Do
not proceed beyondaWARNING sign until the indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.
When you see this symbol on your instrument, you should refer to the
instrument's instruction manual for important information.
The CSA mark is the Canadian Standards Association safet
The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Communit
y mark.
y.Ifitis
accompanied byayear, it indicates the year the design was proven.
This symbol indicates that the instrument requires alternating current (ac) input.
This symbol is used to mark the STANDBY/OFF position of the power line
switch.
This symbol is used to mark the ON position of the p o
wer line switch.
This text indicates that the instrument is an industrial Scientic and Medical
Group 1 Class A product (CISPER 11, Clause 4).
The C-tick mark is a registered trademark of the Sp ectrum Management Agency
of Australia. This signies compliance with the Australian EMC Framework
regulations under the terms of Radio communications Act of 1992.
iii
General Safety Considerations
Warning
Caution
This is a Safety Class 1 Product (provided with a protective earthing ground
incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a
socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the
protective conductor inside or outside of the product is likely to make the
product dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.
Before applying power, verify that the product is configured to match the
available main power source as described in the input power configuration
instructions. If this product is to be powered by autotransformer, make sure
the common terminal is connected to the neutral (grounded) side of the ac
power supply.
If this product is not used as specified, the protection provided by the
equipment could be impaired. This product must be used in a normal
condition (in which all means for protection are intact) only.
Always use the three-prong ACpower cord supplied with this product.
Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause
product damage.
Ventilation Requirements: When installing the product in a cabinet, the
convection into and out of the product must not be restricted. The ambient
temperature (outside the cabinet) must not be restricted. The ambient
temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the maximum op erating
temperature of the product by4
for every 100 watts dissipated in the
cabinet. If the total power dissipated in the cabinet is greater than 800
watts forced convection must be used.
This product is designed for use in Installation Category II and P
Degree 2 per IEC 1010 and 664 respectiv
ely.
ollution
iv
Acoustic Noise Emissions Declaration
This is to declare that this instrument is in conformance with the German Regulation on
Noise Declaration for Machines (Laermangab e nach der Maschinenlaermrerordnung03.
GSGV Deutschland).
Acoustic Noise Emission/Geraeuschemission
LpA<70 dB LpA<70 dB
Operator p osition am Arbeitsplatz
normal operation normaler Betrieb
Per ISO 7779 nach DIN 45635 t. 19
By internet, phone, or fax, get assistance with all your test & measurement needs.
Table 0-1. Contacting Agilent
Online Assistance:
United States
(tel) 1 800 452 4844
www.agilent.com/find/assist
Japan
(tel) (81) 426 56 7832
(fax) (81) 426 56 7840
New Zealand
(tel) 0 800 738 378
(fax) 64 4 495 8950
Canada
(tel) 1 877 894 4414
(fax) (905) 206 4120
Europe
(tel) (31 20) 547 2323
(fax) (31 20) 547 2390
Latin America
(tel) (305) 269 7500
(fax) (305) 269 7599
Australia
(tel) 1 800 629 485
(fax) (61 3) 9210 5947
Asia Pacic
(tel) (852) 3197 7777
(fax) (852) 2506 9284
v
Introduction
This
8510C Operating and Programming Manual
comprehensive tutorial material to help you learn typical applications and op erating details of
the Agilent 8510 network analyzer system.
is designed to provide you with
A companion volume, the
8510 front-panel hardkeys, menu softkeys, and programming mnemonics. Eachentry also
includes information about how to use the function in programmed op eration.
Note
Note
The original 8510C incorporated a cathode ray tube (CRT) based display. The
current design incorp orates a liquid crystal display (LCD). In this manual
references to either CRT or LCD apply to both display designs unless noted
otherwise.
Systems with a CRT based display in the 85101C use rmware revision
C.07.XX or greater.
Systems with an LCD require rmware revision C.08.00 or greater.
In this manual, the terms GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus) and
HP-IB (Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus) refer to the same proto col.
Instrument softkeys for HP-IB related functions use \HP-IB", for example,
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
HP-IB ADDRESSES
8510 Keyword Dictionary
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
or
HP-IB CONFIGURE
provides a complete alphab etical list of
.
vi
vii
Typeface Conventions
The following conventions are used in the
Keyword Dictionary
Italics
Italic type is used for emphasis, and for titles of manuals and other publications. It is also
used to designate a variable entry value.
Computer
Computer type is used for information displayed on the instrument and to designate a
programming command or series of commands.
4
Hardkeys
Instrumentkeys are represented in \key cap." You are instructed to
W
WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
Softkeys
Softkeys are located along side of the displa
display. These keys are represented in \softkey." You are instructed to
5
.
8510C Operating and Programming Manual
press
a hardkey.
y, and their functions depend on the current
select
a softkey.
and the
viii
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
According to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and CEN/CENELEC EN 45014
Manufacturer’s Name: Agilent Technologies, Inc.
Manufacturer’s Address: 1400 Fountaingrove Parkway
Santa Rosa, CA 95403-1799
USA
Declares that the product:
Product Name: Network Analyzer
Model Number: 8510C
Product Options: This declaration covers all options of the above product.
Conforms to the following product specifications:
EMC: IEC 61326-1:1997+A1:1998 / EN 61326-1:1997+A1:1998
CISPR 11:1990 / EN 55011-1991 (Group 1, Class A)
IEC 61000-4-2:1995+A1998 / EN 61000-4-2:1995 (4 kV CD, 8 kV AD)
IEC 61000-4-3:1995 / EN 61000-4-3:1995 (3 V/m, 80 - 1000 MHz)
IEC 61000-4-4:1995 / EN 61000-4-4:1995 (0.5 kV sig. lines, 1 kV power lines)
IEC 61000-4-5:1995 / EN 61000-4-5:1996 (0.5 kV L-L, 1 kV L-G)
IEC 61000-4-6:1996 / EN 61000-4-6:1998 (3 V, 0.15 – 80 MHz)
IEC 61000-4-11:1994 / EN 61000-4-11:1998 (1 cycle, 100%)
Safety: IEC 61010-1:1990 + A1:1992 + A2:1995 / EN 61010-1:1993 +A2:1995
CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 1010.1-92
Supplementary Information:
The product herewith complies with the requirements of the Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC and the
EMC Directive 89/336/EEC and carries the CE-marking accordingly.
Santa Rosa, CA, USA 28 February, 2001
Greg Pfeiffer/Quality Engineering Manager
For further information, please contact your local Agilent Technologies sales office, agent or distributor.
Contents
1. Introduction to the 8510C Network Analyzer System
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
8510 Network Analyzer System Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
FrontPanel Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Display Modes and Annotation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Channel/Parameter Identication Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Stimulus Values Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
ActiveEntry Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Knowing When a Function Is Selected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Recognizing Mutually-Exclusive Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Title Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
System Messages Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Enhancement Annotation Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Softkey Menu and Marker List Display Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Using ENTRY Blo ck Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Uparrow(
4
5
) and Downarrow(
8
4
5
) Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
9
Using Numeric Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Using Units Terminator Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Using the Prior Menu Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Using the Backspace Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Using the
4
=MARKER
5
Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Using ACTIVE CHANNEL Block Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Coupling Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Coupling Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
Using MENUS Block Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
Using STIMULUS, PARAMETER, FORMAT, and RESPONSE Blocks Keys . 1-11
Using INSTRUMENT STATE Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
Using AUXILIARY MODE Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
Using MEASUREMENT Block Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
Using the Menus, Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13
To Create, Edit, or Delete a Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13
To Adjust the Date/Time Clo ck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13
The Analyzer Remembers Previous Settings (Limited Instrument State) . 1-14
INSTRUMENT STATE Blo ck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
4
USER PRESET
5
Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
Saving and Recalling Complete Instrument States . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
4
5
LOCAL
Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16
1
2. Introductory Measurement Sequence
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Verifying the System Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
If some instruments do not resp ond at power-up . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Turning on system power, the sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Waiting for self-test and initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Measurement Sequence Example 1: Frequency Domain Measurement . . . . 2-3
1. Setting Up the Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Making Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Factory Preset State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Set Stimulus, Parameter, Format, Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2. Performing the Measurement Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Making a reection frequency response calibration . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
To Identify, Create, and Store S11Measurement Calibration Data . . . 2-7
Reading the displayed response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Making a transmission frequency response calibration . . . . . . . . . 2-8
To Identify, Create, and Store S21Measurement Calibration Data . . . 2-8
3. Making a Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
To measure return loss (S11) in LOG MAG format (frequency domain
measurements) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
To measure the insertion loss (S
4. Saving Data and Getting an Output of the Results
) in LOG MAG format . . . . . . . . 2-10
21
. . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Plotting Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
To set up the plotter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Plotting the Current Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
To plot selected areas of the results display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Measurement Sequence Example 2: Time Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
3. Principles of Operation
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Basic Principles of Network Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
System Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Description of the 8510 Network Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
How the 8510 Makes Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Test and Measurement Input Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Ratio Measurements and Sampling Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Digital Signal Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
CPU and Memory Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Data Processing Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Button Push Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Test Signal Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Sources in ramp-sweep mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Sources in step-sweep mo de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Test Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Coaxial Test Set Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Reection/Transmission Test Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
S-Parameter Test Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Customized Test Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Measurement Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Source Output-to-Test-Set Input Signal Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Test Port Return Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
2
Extension Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Adapters (To Protect Test Ports from Wear) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Proper Connector Care and Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Calibration Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Verication Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
Automatic Recall of Instrument Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
The Added Benet of the SAVE/RECALL Feature . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Factory Preset State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16
Hardware State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
4. Measurement Controls
Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Display Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Dual Channel Display Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Single Channel, Four Parameter Display Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Adjust Display Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Intensity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Background Intensity (CRT only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Modify colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Default Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
External Video (CRT only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
External Video (LCD only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Limits: Limit Lines and Limit Points Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
Types of Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
Limit Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
Limit Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
Creating a Limit Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
To Set Up the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
To Set the Limit Test Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
To Dene the Maximum Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
To Dene Minimum Limit Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15
Editing Limits in the Limits Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
Trace Memory Op erations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Storing Trace Data in Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
To Display a Stored Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Settings that can and cannot b e changed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
To Display Data and Memory Simultaneously . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Settings that can and cannot b e changed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
To Select the Default Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18
Which memory lo cations are volatile, which are not . . . . . . . . . 4-20
What is the operational life of non-volatile memory . . . . . . . . . 4-20
Trace Math Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20
Data from Channel 1 and Data from Channel 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22
Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23
Automatic Memory of Domain Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24
Applicable Calibration Types for Each Domain Mo de . . . . . . . . . . 4-24
Auxiliary Voltage Domain Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24
FORMAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25
Cartesian Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25
Smith Chart Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25
Polar Display Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25
3
Format Keys Available on the FrontPanel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25
Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29
Using the Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29
Select the Active Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29
Marker Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30
Continuous and Discrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-31
Marker List Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-31
Delta Mode Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-33
Marker Search Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34
Search Right and Search Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-35
Delta Mode Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-36
Marker Familiarization Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-36
Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-38
Basic Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-38
S-Parameter Denitions and Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-38
Parameter Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-39
User Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-40
Redene Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-41
Redene Basic Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-42
Redene User Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-44
Measuring Power (dBm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-44
Dynamic Range Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-46
Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-48
Changing Display Scale and Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-48
Setting Scale and Reference Values Automatically . . . . . . . . . . . 4-48
Changing Display Scale Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-48
Changing the Position of the Reference Line Manually . . . . . . . . . 4-48
Changing the Value of the Reference Line Manually . . . . . . . . . . 4-49
Automatic Recall of Previous Display Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-49
Hierarchy of the Automatic Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-49
The automatic memory does not include Stim
ulus settings . . . . . . 4-50
Other options for control of Stimulus settings . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-50
The Eect of Factory Preset on Display Settings . . . . . . . . . . . 4-50
Response Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-50
Trace Averaging and Smoothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-50
Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-51
Averaging Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-51
Notication when averaging is nished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-51
Averaging Factor Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-51
Smoothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-52
Electrical Delay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-53
Using Electrical Delay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-53
DelayFeatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-53
Coaxial Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-54
Waveguide Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-54
Table Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-54
Selecting Velo cityFactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-54
Auto Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-54
Phase Oset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-54
Magnitude Slope and Magnitude Oset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-55
Stimulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-56
4
Set Frequency Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-56
Set Sweep Using Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-57
Set Stimulus Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-57
Setting and Monitoring Signal Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-57
Set Source RF Output Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-58
Power Slop e On/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-59
Attenuator Port: 1 and Attenuator Port: 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-59
Setting power for passive devices, or devices with gain . . . . . . . . 4-59
Source Power and Flatness Correction Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . 4-60
Selecting the Number of Points to Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-61
Source Sweep Mo des . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-62
Speed of Step and Frequency vs. Ramp Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-63
Measurement Hint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-63
Entering Ramp, Step, and Single Point Stimulus Values . . . . . . . . 4-63
Sweep Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-64
Example: Eects of Sweep Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-64
Sweep Execution, Hold/Single/Numb er of Groups/Continual . . . . . . . 4-65
Why Use Number of Groups? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-66
Coupled/Uncoupled Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-66
How to tell if a function is coupled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-67
Dual Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-67
Uncoupled Stimulus Settings and Dual Channel Displays . . . . . . . 4-67
Trigger Mo des . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-68
Creating a Frequency List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-69
Entering the First Segment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-69
Add Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-70
Editing the Frequency List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-70
Changing a Segment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-70
Deleting a Segment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-71
Adding a Segment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-71
To Duplicate Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-71
Frequency List Save and Recall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-71
Selecting All Segments or a Single Segment. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-71
To Exit Frequency List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-72
5. Using System Functions
Chapter Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
System Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Controls that Aect the Network Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Phaselock Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
LockType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Step Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Normal Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Quick Step Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Lock Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Warning Beeper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
IF Calibration and Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
IF Calibration Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
DisplayFunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Creating a Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Deleting a Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
5
Adjusting the Date/Time Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Using SecurityFeatures in the System
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
Menu . . . 5-7
Controls that Aect Input/Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
GPIB Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
GPIB Congure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Edit Multiple Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Power Leveling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Controlling Multiple Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Using the Multiple Source Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
HowtoEnter the Example Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
Nowsave the conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
Millimeter Wave Mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
Uses for the SOURCE 1 and RECEIVER Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
SOURCE 1 Formula Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
Receiver Formula Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
Why are these settings used? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Service Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
Test Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
Disc Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
System Bus Softkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
IF Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
Why Use Manual Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
Why the problem o ccurs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
How to Use Manual IF Gain Controls Properly . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
Peek and Poke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23
Purpose of Peek and Poke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23
6. COPY Printing and Plotting
Chapter Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Installation Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Supported Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Connecting a GPIB Printer or Plotter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Connecting an RS-232 Printer or Plotter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Selecting the GPIB (System Bus) or RS-232 Ports . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
RS-232 Print/Plot Buers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Adding Custom Annotations to the Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Using a Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
Printing Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
What Is Printed? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
Installing a Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
Selecting the Output Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
Printer and the 8510C Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Using a Laser Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Conguring the Laser Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Using the Standard Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Using Other Laser Printer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Conguring the Network Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Selecting Printer Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Using the High Speed Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
Why is it faster? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
6
My printer has built-in HP-GL. Do I still need the cartridge? . . . . . . 6-7
Ordering the Cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
Having Enough Printer Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Setting the Printer Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Using Other Laser Printer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Conguring the Network Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Switching Between Real Plotters and HP-GL-emulating Laser Printers . . 6-9
Using an HP DeskJet, DeskJet Plus, or DeskJet 500 or 550 Series Printer . . 6-10
Using Serial Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
Setting the Serial DIP Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
Preparing the Printer for Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
Conguring the Network Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
Selecting Printer Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
Using the HP DeskJet 500C or 550C Additional Steps Required . . . . 6-10
Using an HP QuietJet, QuietJet Plus, PaintJet, or PaintJet XL Printer . . . 6-11
Using Serial Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11
Setting the Serial DIP Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11
Setting Up GPIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
Setting the GPIB Address DIP Switch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
Preparing the Printer for Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
Conguring the Network Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
Selecting Printer Resolution (HP QuietJet and QuietJet Plus Printers) . 6-12
Selecting Printer Resolution (HP PaintJet and PaintJet XL Printers) . . 6-13
Printing In Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
Using an HP ThinkJet Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
Using Serial Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
Setting the Serial DIP Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
Setting Up for GPIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
Setting the GPIB Address DIP Switch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
Preparing the Printer for Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14
Conguring the Network Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14
Selecting Printer Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14
Using Non-HP Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15
Using Serial Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15
Setting the Serial DIP Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15
Setting Up for GPIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15
Setting the GPIB Address DIP Switch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15
Pre-Printing Check-Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15
Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Printing Orientation: Either Landscape or Portrait . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Printing One Snapshot p er Page (Portrait or Landscape) . . . . . . . . . 6-17
Printing Two Snapshots per Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17
Printing Tabular Measurement Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
Changing the Tabular Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19
Printing Instrument Settings and System Conguration . . . . . . . . . 6-20
Using a Plotter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22
Plotting Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22
What Is Plotted? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22
Installing a Plotter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22
Selecting the Output Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22
Connecting the HP 7550, Special Instructions .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23
7
Using HP 7550B and HP 7550 Plus Plotters . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23
Plotting Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23
Selecting Plotter Pen Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23
Plotting with a Single Pen Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24
Plotting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-25
Plotting One Snapshot per Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26
Plotting Individual Display Comp onents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26
Plotting a Selected QuadrantFour Snapshots per Page . . . . . . . . . 6-26
7. Disk Drive Op eration
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
Compatible Disk Types, Disk Storage Capacity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
DOS Subdirectories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
Disk Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
ASCII and Binary File Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
Changing between DOS and LIF Discs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
Initializing Discs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
Storing Disk Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
Loading Disk Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
Loading a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
Viewing a Directory of Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
Deleting Disk Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Un-Deleting Disk Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Using an External Disk Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Compatible Disk Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Disk Unit Number and Disk Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Connections and Conguration Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Initializing a Hard Disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9
Guide to Saving Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10
Sharing a System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11
Saving Everything . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11
Viewing or Plotting Old Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12
8. Calibrating for System Measurements
What Is a Measurement Calibration? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
What Is Vector Accuracy Enhancement? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
How the 8510 Corrects Measurement Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2
Calibration Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2
Use the Same Stimulus and Parameter Settings in the Measurement. . . 8-2
Settings that should not be changed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2
Use the Same Equipment Setup in the Measurement. . . . . . . . . . 8-3
Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
Coupled/Uncoupled Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
Cal Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
Turning On an Existing Cal Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
Performing a Measurement Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
Calibration Process Synopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
Exiting and Resuming a Calibration Procedure .
Time LowPass Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
Step 1. Select a Calibration Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
What is a \Class" and what is a \Standard?"
8
. . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
. . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
Step 2. Select the Type of Cal You Need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
What a Response Calibration Provides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
What a Response and Isolation Calibration Provides . . . . . . . . . 8-7
What a 1-Port Calibration Provides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
What a Full 2-Port Calibration Provides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
8510 Measurement Specications and Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
Non-Insertable Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
Step 3. Measure all Required Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
Connecting Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
When You Are Finished Connecting Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
If you are using averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
Standards Required for a Response Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
Standards Required for a S111-Port Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10
Standards Required for a Full 2-Port Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12
Measurement order is not imp ortant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12
Standards Required for a TRL 2-Port Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
Step 4. Saving the Cal Set to Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
Calibration Save Registers and Storage Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
How to tell if a register already has a Cal Set in it.
What to do if all registers are full .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15
. . . . . . . . . . 8-14
Cal Set Limited Instrument State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15
S-Parameter Test Set (Two-Path) Calibration Error Mo dels . . . . . . . . 8-15
Frequency Response Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16
One-Port Device: S
Two-Port Device: S
Two-Port Device: S
Two-Port Device: S
Two-Port Device: S
Frequency Response Calibration . . . . . . . . . . 8-16
11
Frequency Response Calibration . . . . . . . . . 8-17
11
Frequency Response Calibration . . . . . . . . . 8-17
21
Frequency Response Calibration . . . . . . . . . 8-17
12
Frequency Response Calibration . . . . . . . . . 8-18
22
Response and Isolation Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18
1-Port Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
One-Port Device: S
1-Port Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
11
One-Port Device: S221-Port Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20
Two-Port Device: Combining Error Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20
Full 2-Port Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-22
TRL 2-Port Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-24
R/T Test Set (One-Path) Calibration Error Models . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-25
Response and 1-Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-25
One-Path 2-Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-25
Storing Calibration Data to Disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-27
Principles and Care of Calibration Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-27
Calibration Standards Require Careful Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-27
Proper Inspection, Cleaning, and Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-27
Principles of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-27
Quality of the Standards Aects Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-28
Standard Models Dier Depending on Connector Type . . . . . . . . 8-28
Specications, Modifying a Cal Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-28
Common Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-28
Verifying Calibration Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-29
Adjusting Trim Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-29
Using Agilent 834x Series Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-30
Using 835x Series Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-30
9
Modifying a Calibration Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-31
Modifying a Calibration Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-32
Reducing the Number of Points After Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-32
Eects in Step Sweep Mo de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-33
Eects in Ramp Sweep Mo de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-33
Dening a Frequency Subset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-34
Create and Save the Frequency Subset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-34
Eects in Ramp Sweep Mo de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-35
Changing the Calibration Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-36
Modifying a Cal Set with Connector Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . 8-36
Using Connector Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-38
9. Transmission Measurements
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
Measuring Two-Port Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
Using Test Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Setting Up for Transmission Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Transmission Measurement Calibration Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Setting up for Response Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Response and Isolation Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
One-Path 2-Port Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Full 2-Port and TRL Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Measurement Calibration for Noninsertable Devices . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Making an Adapter Removal Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Insertion Loss/Gain Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
Measuring 3 dB Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
Measuring Maximum and Minimum Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7
Making Insertion Phase Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8
Measuring S-Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9
Making Group Delay Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10
Measuring Group Delay Aperture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-11
Comparing aperture, resolution, and noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-12
Measuring aperture and phase slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-12
Using aperture and smoothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-12
Measuring Deviation from Linear Phase Measurement.. . . . . . . . . 9-12
10. Reection Measurements
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
Reection Test Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
One-Port Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
Two-Port Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
Reection Measurement Calibration Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
Response and Response-and-Isolation Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
1-Port Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
One-Path 2-Port Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
2-Port Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
Return Loss Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
SWR Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
S-Parameter Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
Impedance Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5
Admittance Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5
10
11. Introduction to Time Domain Measurements
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1
Using FrontPanel Controls in Time Domain Mo de . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1
General Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1
Time Domain Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3
Reection Measurements Using Time Band Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-4
Interpreting the Time Band Pass Reection Response Horizontal Axis . . 11-5
Interpreting the Time Band Pass Reection Response Vertical Axis . . . 11-5
Fault Location Measurements Using Time Band Pass . . . . . . . . . . 11-5
Transmission Measurements Using Time Band Pass . . . . . . . . . . . 11-6
Interpreting the Time Band Pass Transmission Response Horizontal Axis 11-7
Interpreting the Time Band Pass Transmission Response Vertical Axis . . 11-7
Time Domain LowPass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-8
LowPass Mode Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-8
Setting Frequency Range for Time LowPass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-8
Avoiding Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-9
Analyzing Time LowPass Reections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-9
Reection Measurements using Time LowPass . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-9
Interpreting the Time LowPass Reection Response Horizontal Axis . . 11-10
Interpreting the Time LowPass Reection Response Vertical Axis . . . 11-10
Trace Bounce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-12
Time Domain Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-14
Masking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-14
Windowing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-15
Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-17
Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-18
Response Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-18
Range Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-19
Gating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-19
Setting the Gate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-20
Select Gate Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-21
Measurement Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-22
Source Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-23
Test Set Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-23
12. Power Domain Measurements
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1
What Is Power Domain? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1
What Is Receiver Cal? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-2
Making a Power Domain Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-3
Performing a Receiver Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-4
The Flatness Calibration Must Be Completed . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-4
Swept-Frequency Gain Compression Measurement Exercise . . . . . . . . . 12-6
Swept-Power Gain Compression Measurement Exercise . . . . . . . . . . 12-7
11
13. GPIB Programming
What's in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1
What You Can Do with Remote Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2
GPIB Command Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2
Programming Command Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2
Syntax Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2
Entering Mnemonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2
Using Numeric Entries and Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-3
\Next Menu" Commands Are Unnecessary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-3
Timing Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-3
Overview of Computer-Controlled Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-4
Setting Up the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-4
Connect the External Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-4
Address Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-4
Set Up the Measurement Using GPIB Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-5
Transferring Data out of the Network Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-5
Sending Data to the Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-5
What Types of Data Are Available from the 8510C? . . . . . . . . . . . 13-5
Data Arrays Read by an External Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-6
Raw Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-6
Corrected Data Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-6
Formatted Data Array. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-7
Data Always Comes from the Active Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-8
Available Data Transfer Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-8
How Much Data Is Transferred? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-9
Preparing the Computer to Transmit or Receive Data . . . . . . . . . . 13-9
Setting up the I/O Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-9
Size of the Preamble, Size Blo ck, and Data Blo cks . . . . . . . . . . 13-10
Setting Up Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-10
Dynamic Array Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-10
Performing the Actual Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-11
An Example of a Data Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-11
Using the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-13
Preprocessing FORM1 Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-13
Using Real/Imaginary Format for Vector Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-13
Converting Real/Imaginary Data to Magnitude and Phase Data . . . . . 13-13
Transferring Data into the Network Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-14
Raw, Corrected, Formatted Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-14
Trace Memories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-15
FORM4 Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-15
Commonly-Used Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-16
Marker Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-16
ActiveFunction Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-16
Query System State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-16
System Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-16
Where to Find Other Query Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-17
Local Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-17
Program Debugging Aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-17
Programming Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-18
Example 1: Syntax Familiarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-18
Example 2: ActiveFunction Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-19
12
Example 3: Marker Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-20
Example 4: Marker Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-21
Example 5: Single- and Dual-Channel Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-22
Example 6: Trace Data Output/Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-22
Example 7: FORM1 Data Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-22
Example 8: S11 1-Port and S21 Response Cals . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-22
Selecting the Calibration Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-22
Select the Standard Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-23
Select Calibration Standards in Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-24
Save the Cal Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-24
Example 9: Modify Cal Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-25
Example 10: Simulated Standard Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-25
Example 11: Using the Drive Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-25
Using the Internal Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-25
File Name Prexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-26
Printing Your Own Messages on the Network Analyzer Display . . . . . . 13-26
Example 12: Making Plots Using COPY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-26
Example 13: List Trace Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-27
Example 14: Print to Printer on 8510C System Bus . . . . . . . . . . . 13-27
General Input/Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-27
Passing Commands through the Network Analyzer Devices on the System
Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-27
How to send pass-through commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-27
How pass-through works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-28
Pass-Through to a Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-29
Output to a Plotter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-29
User Display Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-29
Example 15: Plot User Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-29
Example 16: Plot Using BASIC HP-GL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-29
Vector Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-29
Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-30
Select Pen Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-31
Using the Internal Disk to Store the User Displa y . . . . . . . . . . . 13-31
Summary of User Graphics Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-31
Summary of User Display Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-32
Example 17: Redene Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-32
Example 18: Read and Output Caution/Tell Message . . . . . . . . . . 13-32
Example 19: Read and Output Status Bytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-32
Read Status Bytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-33
Setting the Service Request Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-33
Example 20: Output Key Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-34
Example 21: Triggered Data Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-34
Example 22: Wait Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-34
Example 23: Wait Not Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-34
Example 24: Frequency List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-34
Example 25: Output/Learn String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-35
Example 26: Input and Display ASCII Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-35
Example 27: DelayTable Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-36
Example 28: Fast CW Data Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-36
Example 29: Test Port Power Flatness Cal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-36
Example 30: Receiver Power Cal/Power Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-36
13
Example 31: Disk Store and Load Using Cal Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-37
General GPIB Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-38
Interface Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-38
Response to GPIB Universal Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-39
Response to GPIB Addressed Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-39
Example Program Listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-40
Example Programs in
14. Operator's Check and Routine Maintenance
Operator's Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Agilent 8510 Self-Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
S-Parameter Test Set Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
In Case of Diculty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Routine Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Maintain Proper Air Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Inspect and Clean Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Cleaning the Test Set Rear-Panel Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Cleaning the Glass Filter and CRT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Cleaning the LCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Deguass (Demagnetize) the Display (CRT Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Inspect the Error Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Index
EX_8510
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-40
14
Figures
1-1. Typical 8510 Network Analyzer System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
1-2. 8510C Network Analyzer Front-Panel Key Blo cks . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
1-3. Annotation Areas for Single Parameter, or Dual Channel Display Mode . . 1-4
1-4. ENTRY Block Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
1-5. Channel 1 and Channel 2 Selection Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
1-6. Uncoupled Channels Showing Alternate Frequency Sweep . . . . . . . . 1-9
1-7. Stimulus, Parameter, Format, and Response Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
1-8. Measurement RESTART Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
1-9. INSTRUMENT STATE Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
2-1. Network Analyzer System Interconnections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
2-2. Measurement Sequence 1, Test Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2-3. Initial Display Showing a Thru Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
2-4. Display with Open Circuit Connected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
2-5. Display with S
2-6. Display with Thru Connected (S
2-7. Display with S
Response Calibration ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
11
Calibration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
21
Response Calibration ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
21
2-8. Return Loss: S11LOG MAG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
2-9. Insertion Loss: S21LOG MAG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
2-10. Time Domain Re Response Short Circuit: S11TIME BANDPASS . . . . 2-13
2-11. Time Domain Reection Response of an Air Line and Short Circuit .
. . . 2-14
2-12. Time Domain Reection Response of a Thru: S21. . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
2-13. Time Domain Reection Response of an Air Line: S21. . . . . . . . . . 2-15
3-1. Reection and Transmission Measurements Diagramed . . . . . . . . . 3-2
3-2. Simplied System Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
3-3. Digital Signal Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
3-4. Reection/Transmission Test Set Signal Flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
3-5. S-Parameter Test Set Signal Flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
3-6. 8511A Frequency Converter Signal Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
3-7. Recommended Typical Test Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
4-1. Display and Display Mo de Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
4-2. Annotation Areas for Single Parameter or Dual Channel DisplayMode . . 4-2
4-3. Annotation Areas for Four Parameter Split DisplayMode . . . . . . . . 4-3
4-4. Dual Channel Overlay and Split Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
4-5. Adjust Display Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
4-6. External Video Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
4-7. Example of a Limit Test using Limit Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
4-8. Limit Test Example Using Limit Lines and Limit Points . . . . . . . . . 4-16
4-9. Display Menu Showing Trace Memory Lo cations Menu . . . . . . . . . 4-19
4-10. Trace Math Operations Menu Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21
4-11. Domain Main Menu Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23
4-12. Format Function Block and Format Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-26
4-13. Format Selections (1 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-27
15
4-14. Format Selections (2 of 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28
4-15. MARKER Key and Marker Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29
4-16. Markers on Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30
4-17. Marker and 1 Mode Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-33
4-18. 1 Mode Markers on Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34
4-19. Marker Search Mo des . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-35
4-20. 1 Mode Marker to Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-36
4-21. Parameter Function Blo ck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-38
4-22. S-Parameter Flowgraphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-39
4-23. Parameter Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-40
4-24. Typical User 1, a1Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-40
4-25. Redene Parameter Menu Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-43
4-26. Dynamic Range Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-47
4-27. Response Function Blo ck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-48
4-28. Response Menu Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-50
4-29. Results of Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-52
4-30. Smoothing Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-52
4-31. Results of Smoothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-53
4-32. STIMULUS Function Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-56
4-33. Source Power Menu.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-58
4-34. Number of Points Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-61
4-35. Narrowband Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-62
4-36. Sweep Mode Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-63
4-37. Eects of Sweep Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-65
4-38. Hold, Single, Number of Groups, Continual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-65
4-39. Trigger Mode Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-68
4-40. Frequency List Menu Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-69
4-41. Enter the First Segment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-70
4-42. Frequency List, Display of Single Segment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-72
5-1. Main System Menu and Part of the Display Functions Menu . . . . . . . 5-2
5-2. System Phaselock Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
5-3. Date/Time Functions Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
5-4. System Power Leveling Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
5-5. Actual LO Frequency Required by a Harmonic Mixer . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
5-6. Edit Multiple Source Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
5-7. Source 2 Modied for Third Harmonic Mixer System . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
5-8. Finished Multi-Source Conguration, LO Source and 3rd Harmonic Mixers . 5-14
5-9. Module Testing Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
5-10. Finished Multiple Source Conguration for Hypothetical Module
. . . . . 5-17
5-11. Service Functions Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
5-12. Simplied Block Diagram of the Agilent 8510C Network Analyzer . . . . . 5-21
5-13. Gain Stages in the IF section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
6-1. Dene Print Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
6-2. HP QuietJet and PaintJet (Family) Printer Serial Switch Settings . . . . . 6-11
6-3. HP QuietJet and PaintJet (Family) Printer GPIB Switch Settings . . . . 6-12
6-4. HP ThinkJet Printer GPIB Switch Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14
6-5. Landscape Printer Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
6-6. Portrait Printer Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17
6-7. Dene List Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19
6-8. System/Operating Parameters Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20
6-9. Dene Plot and Plot to Plotter Men
u Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-25
16
6-10. Four-Quadrant Plot Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27
7-1. Disk Menu, Data Type Select Menu, Setup Disk Menu, and Initialize Disk
Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
8-1. Cal and Cal Type Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
8-2. Cal Type Selections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8
8-3. Response Cal Menu.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10
8-4. S111-Port Cal Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11
8-5. LOADS Frequency Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12
8-6. Full 2-Port Reection, Transmission, and Isolation Cal Menus . . . . . . 8-13
8-7. TRL 2-Port Cal Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
8-8. S-Parameter Test Set Frequency Response Calibrations . . . . . . . . . 8-16
8-9. S-Parameter Test Set 1-Port Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
8-10. S-Parameter Test Set Full 2-Port Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-22
8-11. Reection/Transmission Test Set One-Path 2-Port Calibration . . . . . . 8-26
8-12. Reduced Number of Points After Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-33
8-13. Modify Cal Set, Frequency Subset Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-34
8-14. Dening a Frequency Subset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-35
8-15. Connector Compensation Menu Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-37
9-1. Two-Port Device Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
9-2. Transmission Test Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
9-3. Adapter Removal Calibration Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
9-4. Typical Insertion Loss Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
9-5. Measuring 3 dB Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7
9-6. Measuring Minimum and Maximum Insertion Loss . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8
9-7. Typical Insertion Phase Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9
9-8. Typical S-Parameter Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9
9-9. Group Delay Denition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10
9-10. Group Delay Aperture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10
9-11. Typical Group Delay Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-11
9-12. Changing the Group Delay Measurement Aperture . . . . . . . . . . . 9-11
9-13. Group Delay Plots with Dierent Aperture Selections . . . . . . . . . . 9-12
9-14. Typical Group Delay and Deviation from Ideal Phase Displays . . . . . . 9-14
10-1. Typical Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
10-2. Typical Return Loss Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
10-3. Typical SWR Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
10-4. Typical S-Parameter Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
10-5. Typical Impedance Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5
10-6. Typical Admittance Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5
11-1. Frequency Domain and Time Domain Measurements . . . . . . . . . . 11-2
11-2. Measurement of a Sliding Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-4
11-3. Cable Fault Location Measurement Using Time Band Pass . . . . . . . . 11-6
11-4. Transmission Measurement in Time Band Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-7
11-5. Time LowPass Step and Impulse Resp onses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-11
11-6. Time LowPass Step Response of a 25 Airline and Fixed Load . . . . . 11-12
11-7. Step Response of a 30 cm Airline and Fixed Load . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-13
11-8. Masking Example: 3 dB Pad and Short Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-14
11-9. Time Domain Window Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-16
11-10. Approximate Formulas for Step Rise Time and Impulse Width
11-11. Eect of Windowing on Time Domain Responses of a Short Circuit
. . . . . . 11-16
. . . . 11-17
11-12. Time Domain Measurement Showing Response Repetitions . . . . . . . . 11-18
11-13. Resolution in Time Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-19
17
11-14. Typical Gate Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-20
11-15. Reection Measurement of 7-mm to 3.5-mm Adapter, Airline, and Load . . 11-20
11-16. Gated Responses of the 7-mm to 3.5-mm Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-21
11-17. Gate Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-22
12-1. Domain Menu with Power Domain Function Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1
12-2. Receiver Calibration Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-2
13-1. Data Processing Stages in the Network Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-6
13-2. PAVector Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-30
13-3. Text Character Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-31
14-1. Typical Preset State Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
14-2. Removing the Glass Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
14-3. Motion for Degaussing the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
18
Tables
0-1. Contacting Agilent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
1-1. ENTRY Key Terminator Denitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
2-1. To MatchPen Colors to Display Default Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
2-2. Plot Category Key Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
3-1. Factory Preset Conditions for the 8510C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16
3-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
4-1. Default Settings for Display Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
4-2. External Display Cable Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
4-3. Marker Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-31
4-4. Standard PARAMETER Denitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-41
4-5. Measuring Power (dBm) at First Frequency Converter . . . . . . . . . . 4-45
4-6. Approximate Insertion Losses in Test Sets (dB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-45
4-7. Approximate Insertion Losses in Test Sets (dB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-46
4-8. Typical Test Port Power Ranges for Source or Test Set Congurations . . . 4-60
5-1. Test Menu.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
6-1. Serial Printer Settings for Other Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15
6-2. Default Pen Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24
7-1. Disk Storage Capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
7-2. Information You Can Store to Disc, and HowitIs Saved . . . . . . . . . 7-3
7-3. File Types and Prexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
11-1. Useful Time Band Pass Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-5
11-2. Maximum Frequency Ranges for Time LowPass . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-8
11-3. Useful Time LowPass Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-12
13-1. Marker Units for All displayFormats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-20
19
1
Introduction to the 8510C
Network Analyzer System
Introduction
Vector network analyzer systems, such as the Agilent 8510, measure the magnitude and phase
characteristics of networks and of components such as lters, ampliers, attenuators, and
antennas. This chapter describ es the system, how to use the front panel controls, and explains
the following:
system components
display and its annotations
various front panel keys (hardkeys)
menus and related softkeys used in the 8510 network analyzer system
8510 Network Analyzer System Description
The 8510 Network Analyzer is a fully integrated vector network analyzer system. The
minimum conguration consists of a source, a test set, and the net
work analyzer. Shown in
Figure 1-1 are the three major instruments of the basic system:
Source
Test Set
Network
Analyzer
Peripherals
The source provides the RF signal. An Agilent 8360 Series synthesized
sweeper, or an 834x Series synthesized sweeper, or an 835x-Series sweep
oscillator with an appropriate Agilent 835xx Series plug-in, may be used.
The test set separates the signal produced b
y the source into an incident
signal, sent to the device-under-test (DUT), and a reference signal against
which the transmitted and reected signals are later compared. The test set
also routes the transmitted and reected signals from the DUT to the receiv
(IF/detector). Any 851x Series test set may be used.
An 8510C network analyzer, which includes, the Agilent 85101
Display/Processor and the 85102 IF/Detector (Receiver). The receiver,
together with the display/processor, processes the signals. Using its integral
microprocessor, it performs accuracy enhancement and displays the results in
avariety of formats.
Additional system components can include GPIB p eripheral devices suchas
a printer, a plotter, and a disc drive. Measurement results and other kinds
of information can be sent to a printer or plotter, or to a disc drive. These
system instruments are controlled with network analyzer front panel keys.
er
Introduction to the 8510C
Network Analyzer System
1-1
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