HP 37717C
Communications
Performance Analyzer
User’s Guide
Dsn/Sonet
Operation
Copyright HewlettPackard Ltd.1998
All rights reserved.
Reproduction,
adaption, or
translation without
prior written
permission is
prohibited, except as
allowed under the
copyright laws.
HP Part No.
37717-90403
First edition, 03/98
Printed in U.K.
Warranty
The information
contained in this
document is subject to
change without notice.
Hewlett-Packard makes
no warranty of any
kind with regard to this
material, including,
but not limited to, the
implied warranties or
merchantability and
fitness for a particular
purpose.
Hewlett-Packard shall
not be liable for errors
contained herein or for
incidental or
consequential
damages in connection
with the furnishing,
performance, or use of
this material.
WARNING
Warning Symbols
Used on the Product
!
The product is marked
with this symbol when
the user should refer to
the instruction
manual in order to
protect the apparatus
against damage.
The product is
marked with this
symbol to indicate that
hazardous voltages are
present
The product is marked
with this symbol to
indicate that a laser is
fitted. The user should
refer to the laser safety
information in the
Calibration Manual.
Hewlett-Packard Limited
Telecommunications Networks Test Division
South Queensferry
West Lothian, Scotland EH30 9TG
User’s Guide:DSn/Sonet Operation
HP 37717C Communications
Performance Analyzer
About This Book
This book tells you how to select the features that you want to use for your test.
The selections available are presented in the following groups:
• Transmit and receive interfaces
• Test features, for example, the addition of errors and alarms to the test signal
• Measurements including test timing
• Storing, logging and printing results with general printer information
• Using instrument and disk storage
• Using the “Other” features.
The selections available will depend on the options fitted to your
instrument. The examples given in this book cover all options and
therefore may include selections which are not available on your
instrument.
NOTE If you intend using the instrument for SDH operation please
refer to User’s Guide (part number 37717-90402). The
contents are similar to this manual but with SDH
terminology used in place of SONET terminology.
iv
Contents
1 Setting the Interfaces
Setting PDH Transmit Interface 2
Setting PDH Transmit Binary Interface 4
Setting SONET Transmit Interface 6
Setting Jitter Transmit Interface 9
Setting Wander Transmit Interface 10
Selecting the Physical Transmit Interface for ATM Payloads 12
Setting SONET THRU Mode 14
Using Autosetup 16
Setting PDH Receive Interface 18
Setting PDH Receive Binary Interface 20
Setting SONET Receive Interface 21
Setting Jitter Receive Interface 23
Selecting the Physical Receive Interface for ATM payloads 25
2 Selecting Test Features
Using Transmit Overhead Setup 28
Using Receive Overhead Monitor 30
Setting Overhead Trace Messages 32
Generating Overhead Sequences 33
Using Receive Overhead Capture 35
Adding Frequency Offset to SONET Signal 37
Adding Frequency Offset to the PDH Signal 39
Setting up Signaling Bits 40
Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal (Options UKJ or
110) 43
Setting Receive Structured Payload/Test Signal 45
Connecting A Telephone Handset 47
v
Contents
Setting Transmit N X 64 kb/s
(N X 56 kb/s) Structured Payload/Test Signal 48
Setting Receive N X 64 kb/s (N X 56 kb/s) Structured Payload/Test
Signal 50
Inserting an External PDH Payload/Test Signal 52
Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal 54
Selecting ATM Cell Stream Payload 56
Selecting ATM Cell Stream Timing Distribution 57
Selecting ATM Cell Stream Headers and Interface 58
Adding Errors & Alarms at the SONET Interface 59
Adding Errors & Alarms to the PDH Interface/PDH Payload 60
Using FEAC Codes in the HP 37717C 62
Adding ATM Errors and Alarms 65
Setting PDH Spare Bits 66
Adding Pointer Adjustments 67
T1.105/GR-253 Pointer Sequences Explained 69
Using Pointer Graph Test Function 75
Stressing Optical Clock Recovery Circuits 77
Generating Automatic Protection Switch Messages 78
Inserting & Dropping Data Communications Channel 79
3 Making Measurements
Using Overhead BER Test Function 82
Test Timing 83
Making SONET Analysis Measurements 84
Making PDH Analysis Measurements 85
Measuring Jitter 87
Measuring Wander 89
Measuring Frequency 91
vi
Contents
Measuring Optical Power 92
Measuring Round Trip Delay 93
Monitoring Signaling Bits 95
Measuring Service Disruption Time 97
Performing an SONET Tributary Scan 99
Performing a SONET Alarm Scan 101
Performing a PDH Alarm Scan 103
Selecting the ATM Measurement Parameters 104
Making ATM Measurements 106
Measuring Cell Transfer Delay and Cell Delay Variation 107
Measuring ATM Non-Conforming cells and one-point Cell Delay
Variation. 109
Monitoring ATM Alarms 110
4 Storing, Logging and Printing
Saving Graphics Results to Instrument Store 112
Recalling Stored Graph Results 113
Viewing the Bar Graph Display 115
Viewing the Graphics Error and Alarm Summaries 117
Logging Graph Displays 119
Logging Results 120
Logging Results to Parallel (Centronics) Printer 123
Logging Results to HP-IB Printer 124
Logging Results to Internal Printer 125
Logging Results to RS-232-C Printer 126
Printing Results from Disk 127
Connecting an HP DeskJet Printer to a Parallel Port 128
Changing Internal Printer Paper 129
Cleaning Internal Printer Print Head 132
vii
Contents
5 Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Storing Configurations in Instrument Store 134
Storing Current Configurations on Disk 135
Setting up a Title for Configurations in Instrument Store 136
Recalling Configurations from Instrument Store 137
Formatting a Disk 138
Labeling a Disk 139
Managing Files and Directories on Disk 140
Adding Descriptors to Disk Files 144
Saving Graphics Results to Disk 145
Saving Data Logging to Disk 147
Recalling Configuration from Disk 148
Recalling Graphics Results from Disk 149
Copying Configuration from Instrument Store to Disk 150
Copying Configuration from Disk to Instrument Store 151
Copying Graphics Results from Instrument Store to Disk 152
Deleting a File on Disk 154
Deleting a Directory on Disk 155
Renaming a File on Disk 156
Creating a Directory on Disk 157
6 Selecting and Using "Other" Features
Coupling Transmit and Receive Settings 160
Suspending Test on Signal Loss 161
Setting Time & Date 162
Enabling Keyboard Lock 163
Enabling Beep on Received Error 164
Enabling Analysis Control 165
viii
Contents
Setting Error Threshold Indication 166
Dumping Display to Disk 167
Setting Screen Brightness and Color 169
Running Self Test 170
7 STS-1 SPE Background Patterns
8 ETSI/ANSI Terminology
ETSI/ANSI Conversion and Equivalent Terms 178
Index
ix
Contents
x
1
1 Setting the Interfaces
This chapter tells you how to set the
instrument interfaces to match the network
being tested.
Setting the Interfaces
Setting PDH Transmit Interface
Description PDH transmit interface settings should match network equipment
settings of Rate, Termination and Line Code and determine the Payload
to be tested.
TIP: To set the Transmitter and Receiver to the same interface settings
choose .
OTHER
SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED
Option
Differences
If Option 110 is fitted the following SIGNAL rates and TERMINATION
choices apply:
2 Mb/s - Termination 75 Ω UNBAL or 120Ω BAL
34 Mb/s - fixed 75Ω UNBAL
DS1 - 100 Ω BAL; select LINE CODE from AMI or B8ZS, and OUTPUT
LEVEL from DSX-1 or DS1-LO.
DS3 - 75Ω UNBAL; LINE CODE fixed B3ZS; select OUTPUT LEVEL
from DS3-HI, DSX-3 or DS3-900’.
2
Setting the Interfaces
Setting PDH Transmit Interface
HOW TO: 1 Choose the required PDH SIGNAL rate.
If Option 110 is fitted, rates of 34Mb/s, 2Mb/s, DS1 and DS3 are
available. If Option UKJ is fitted rates of 2, 8, 34 and 140 Mb/s are
available.
2 If Option UH3, Binary Interfaces is fitted, choose the INTERFACE
required. See "Setting PDH Transmit Binary Interface " page 4.
3 Choose the required clock synchronization source (CLOCK SYNC).
If Option UH3, Binary Interfaces is fitted, the clock can be derived
from an external binary input.
If Option A3K, Jitter and Wander Generator, is fitted and 2 Mb/s
Signal rate is chosen the clock can be derived from an external 2 Mb/s
signal connected to the 2M REF IN port of the Jitter Generator
module.
4 If you have chosen 2 Mb/s as the PDH signal rate, choose the required
impedance (TERMINATION). At all other rates the impedance is
fixed. See Option Differences on previous page.
5 If you have chosen 2 Mb/s, DS1 or 8 Mb/s as the PDH signal rate,
choose the required coding (Line Code). At 34 Mb/s and 140 Mb/s
coding is fixed.
See Option Differences.
6 If required choose the FREQUENCY OFFSET value.
See “Adding Frequency Offset to SONET Signal” page 37
7 Choose the required Payload Type.
If Structured is chosen the PDH test signal must be set up. See
“Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal (Options UKJ or
110)” page 43.
If you have chosen 2 Mb/s as the PDH signal rate, the Framed choice
is expanded to provide a menu of 2 Mb/s framing types.
8 Choose the PATTERN type and PRBS POLARITY.
3
Setting the Interfaces
Setting PDH Transmit Binary Interface
Setting PDH Transmit Binary Interface
Description Option UH3, Binary Interfaces, provides binary NRZ interface for PDH
measurements. The interfaces can operate at any of the standard rates
±100 ppm.
PDH transmit binary interface settings should match the network
equipment thresholds and polarity requirements for the binary
interfaces
Variable Rate Binary Interface
If your instrument also includes Option UKK, variable rate binary
interface is available. This allows you to select fixed rates that are
different from standard telecom rates, and also to vary frequency over a
wide range. Applications include component test, testing satellite and
cable networks and testing PDH digital radios. A Product Note is
available (part number 5965-4885E) which explains the use of a variable
rate binary interface in the testing of PDH digital radios.
.
4
Setting the Interfaces
Setting PDH Transmit Binary Interface
HOW TO: 1 Set up the PDH transmit Interface as required. See "Setting PDH
Transmit Interface " page 2.
If INTERFACE [BINARY] is chosen on the
PDH MAIN SETTINGS
display, threshold and polarity choices are available for Data and
Clock.
If INTERFACE [CODED] is chosen on the
PDH MAIN SETTINGS
display, threshold and polarity choices are available for Clock only.
2 Choose the required thresholds.
EXT CLOCK polarity and threshold choices are only available if
CLOCK SYNC [EXT BIN] is chosen on the
PDH MAIN SETTINGS
display.
5
Setting the Interfaces
Setting SONET Transmit Interface
Setting SONET Transmit Interface
Description SONET transmit interface settings should match the network
equipment settings of Rate, Wavelength and Mapping, determine the
payload to be tested and set background conditions to prevent alarms
while testing.
TIP: If you wish to set the HP 37717C transmitter and receiver to the same
interface settings choose .
OTHER
SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED
HOW TO: 1 Make your choice of SIGNAL rate.
If an optical rate is chosen, choose the required wavelength [1550] or
[1310].
If a BINARY rate is chosen, choose the required clock and data
polarity.
If STS-1 is chosen, choose the required interface level.
Choose INTERNAL unless THRU MODE is required.
2 Make your choice of CLOCK synchronization source. The RECEIVE
clock sync choice depends on the SONET Receive Interface choice.
3 If required choose the CLOCK (FREQUENCY) OFFSET value.
4 Choose FOREGROUND , BACKGROUND
6
F/G MAPPING
Setting the Interfaces
Setting SONET Transmit Interface
B/G MAPPING
MAPPING and type of payload. DS1 and DS3 are valid
payload type choices if Option UKJ, Structured PDH or Option 110
DSn SPDH, is fitted.
Mapping may be selected from a pictorial display by moving the cursor to
MAPPING and pressing .
OC-n/STS-n
x3/12
OC-1/STS-1
x1
SET
SONET ROCKET DIAGRAM
STS-12c SPE
x1
x1/4
STS-3c SPE
STS-1 SPE
x7
VTg
Bulk Filled
Bulk Filled
E4 Async
E3 Async
DS3
Bulk Filled
x1
VT6
x3
VT2
x4
VT1.5
Bulk Filled
E1 Async
E1 Float
Bulk Filled
DS1 Async
Use and to move between STS Layer Selection, VT Layer
Selection and Payload Layer Selection. Use and to set the
mapping and to set your selection.
SET
5 If VT-6 mapping is chosen, VT CONCATENATION selection is
enabled, choose OFF or the tributary at which the concatenation
begins, VT6-2C through VT6-6C.
The BACKGROUND, PATTERN IN OTHER VT2’s is fixed at
NUMBERED, that is, each VT-6 contains a unique number to allow
identification in case of routing problems.
6 If VT-2, or VT1.5 mapping is chosen, choose the test tributary
CHANNEL. Including the STS-3 for an STS-12 signal.
7 Choose the payload framing under PAYLOAD TYPE or VT PA YLOAD .
STRUCTURED and INSERT are available if Option UKJ , Structured
PDH or Option 110 DSn SPDH is fitted.
7
Setting the Interfaces
Setting SONET Transmit Interface
If STRUCTURED is chosen, the Payload test signal must be set-up.
See “Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal (Options UKJ
or 110)” page 43.
If INSERT is chosen, see “Inserting an External PDH Payload/Test
Signal” page 52.
8 Choose the PATTERN type and PRBS polarity.
NOTE If interfacing at STS-1 with a user word pattern chosen then a false frame
synchronization may occur. This is due to the effect of the standard ITU-T G.707
scrambling used at STS-1 when applied to a fixed payload.
The scrambler may produce a false (F628) frame synchronization from the fixed
payload. At STS-1 only a single F628 pattern is available for frame synchronization.
If the false pattern is detected by the receiver this will result in frame synchronization
being indicated but multiple alarms will occur . If this condition is suspected, change
the PATTERN choice to PRBS and check that the multiple alarms are cleared when
proper frame synchronization is achieved.
9 If required, choose 2M/DS3/34M/140M OFFSET value.
10 If 2 Mb/s framing PCM30 or PCM30CRC is chosen, set the CAS ABCD
bit value.
11 Choose the mapping required in the background (non-test) SPE’s.
Refer to Appendix A "STS-1 SPE Background P atterns " page 176 for
a table of background patterns for STS-1 SPE.
12 If VT-2 mapping is chosen for the test SPE, choose the PATTERN IN
OTHER VT-2s.
8
Setting the Interfaces
Setting Jitter Transmit Interface
Setting Jitter Transmit Interface
Description: You can add jitter to the transmitted PDH or SONET signal at all ANSI
rates. You can source the jitter modulation internally or from an external
source.
HOW TO: 1 If you are adding jitter to the PDH signal, set up the PDH transmit
interface. See "Setting PDH Transmit Interface " page 2.
If you are adding jitter to the SONET signal, set up the SONET
transmit interface. See "Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 6.
2 Choose JITTER/WANDER [JITTER].
If you wish to add wander to the PDH or SONET signal, see "Setting
Wander Transmit Interface " page 10.
3 Choose JITTER [ON].
4 Choose the modulation source.
If EXTERNAL is chosen, connect the external source to the MOD IN
port of the JITTER TX module. Up to 10 UI of external jitter
modulation can be added at the MOD IN port.
5 Choose the jitter range, jitter modulating frequency and jitter
amplitude.
9
Setting the Interfaces
Setting Wander Transmit Interface
Setting Wander Transmit Interface
Description: You can add Wander to the 2 Mb/s PDH signal and the STS-3 and
STS-12 SONET signal. An external 2 Mb/s clock must be connected to
the 2M REF IN port of the Jitter TX module.
HOW TO: 1 Connect an external 2 Mb/s clock to the 2M REF port of the Jitter TX
module.
2 If you are adding jitter to the 2 Mb/s PDH signal set up the PDH
transmit interface and choose CLOCK SOURCE [EXT JITTER]. See
"Setting PDH Transmit Interface " page 2.
If you are adding jitter to the STS-3 or STS-12 SONET signal set up
the SONET transmit interface and choose an external CLOCK
SOURCE. See "Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 6.
3 Choose JITTER/WANDER [WANDER].
If you wish to add jitter to the PDH or SONET signal, see "Setting
Jitter Transmit Interface " page 9.
4 Choose WANDER [ON].
10
Setting the Interfaces
Setting Wander Transmit Interface
5 Choose the modulation source.
If EXTERNAL is chosen, connect the external source to the MOD IN
port of the JITTER TX module.
Up to 10 UI of external wander modulation can be added at the MOD
IN port.
6 Choose the wander range, modulating frequency and amplitude.
11
Setting the Interfaces
Selecting the Physical Transmit Interface for ATM Payloads
Selecting the Physical Transmit Interface for
ATM Payloads
Description ATM transmit physical layer settings should match the network
equipment settings in the same way as the SDH and PDH transmit
interfaces. The Interface selections available are determined by the
PDH/DSn and SDH modules fitted to your instrument.
Your selections are automatically transferred to the other TRANSMIT
displays. Selection of STM-4 OPTICAL signal at the ATM PHYSICAL
LAYER will cause the transmitter output SDH to change to STM-4
OPTICAL.
TIP: If you wish to set the HP 37717C transmitter and receiver to the same
interface settings choose .
OTHER
SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED
HOW TO: 1 Make your choice of SIGNAL rate.
If an optical rate is chosen, choose the required wavelength.
Choose INTERNAL unless THRU MODE is required. Jitter may be
introduced into an STM-1, 140Mb/s, 32Mb/s or 2Mb/s signal with ATM
payload if THRU MODE is chosen.
2 Make your choice of CLOCK synchronization source. At SDH rates,
the RECEIVE clock sync choice is dependent upon the SDH Receive
12
Setting the Interfaces
Selecting the Physical Transmit Interface for ATM Payloads
Interface choice.
3 If the 2Mb/s rate is selected, select CRC-4 MULTIFRAME or
.
OFF
ON
4 If the 140Mb/s or 34Mb/s rate is selected, select the TRAIL TRACE
message type:
For the standard trail trace message”HP37717C” set TRAIL TRACE
to .
TEST
For a unique 15 character message, set TRAIL TRACE to
TIP: If is selected, use for a pop-up menu to select the message
USER
SET
USER
characters.
13
Setting the Interfaces
Setting SONET THRU Mode
Setting SONET THRU Mode
Description THRU mode is used to non-intrusively monitor SONET lines where no
protected monitor points are available.
STS-1, STS-3
You can substitute a new payload, Transport Overhead (TOH) and Path
Overhead (POH) in the received STS-1/3 signal for testing.
14
Setting the Interfaces
Setting SONET THRU Mode
STS-12
With Option 130 or 131, the overhead and payload may be overwritten
for STS-3C. TOH overwrite is available for STS-12C.
The Transmitter and receiver settings are automatically coupled in
THRU MODE. To select STS-3C or STS-12C select and setup
RECEIVE
the receiver mapping as required.
HOW TO:
1 Make the PAYLOAD OVERWRITE choice required.
If STS-1, VT-6, VT-2 or VT1.5 is chosen, the B1, B2 and B3 BIPs are
recalculated before transmission and the Mapping, Selected VT, VT Payload,
Pattern, Tributary Offset and Pattern in other VT’s settings are displayed. To
choose the settings in these, see "Setting SONET Transmit Interface " page 6,
steps 4 through 10.
2 Make the TOH+POH OVERWRITE choice required.
Y ou can only modify those overhead bytes available under
SONET TEST FUNCTION SONET
: Errors & Alarms, Sequences,
TRANSMIT
Overhead BER, APS Messages, DCC Insert and Stress Test.
The B1, B2 and B3 BIPs are recalculated before transmission.
15
Setting the Interfaces
Using Autosetup
Using Autosetup
Description The Autosetup function allows you to speed up the configuration of the
instrument when making PDH, SDH or SONET measurements.
Autosetup will search the interface chosen on the display
and attempt to configure the instrument to match the received signal.
Autosetup will detect ATM or any of the PRBS patterns the transmitter
can generate. ATM is considered to be a payload of PDH or SDH.
Both MONITOR and TERMINATE modes are tried in the search for a
received signal.
HOW TO: 1 Connect the HP 37717C to the network and select the required
RECEIVE
2 Press .
The display will show an Autosetup HELP page.
interface on the HP 37717C.
AUTO SETUP
OTHER
RECEIVE
PDH Input
In PDH there are three framing possibilities for 140 Mb/s, 34 Mb/s, 8 Mb/
s and 2 Mb/s, (34Mb/s, DS3, 2M and DS1 for Option 110) namely
Unframed Framed and Structured.
16
Setting the Interfaces
Using Autosetup
NOTE Structured is not covered by Autosetup because searching through a
PDH framing structure would take an unacceptable amount of time.
All line rates are searched for a signal. If a signal is found, a search for
framing pattern is made. All possible framing structures are searched
except for Structured.
If a framing pattern is found, a search for PRBS pattern is made.
SONET Input
If an STS-12 interface is chosen, the search will start on the STS-3
selected for test. All SONET line rates are searched for an electrical,
optical or binary signal.
If a signal is found, a search of payloads will start.
The payload search starts with STS-12c SPE in STS-12 and continues
with ATM, STS-1 SPE, VT-6, STS-3C, VT-2 and VT1.5.
For each pa yload a search is made to find a framing pattern. If a framing
pattern is found, a search for PRBS patterns is made.
TIP: If it is known that the signal of interest is in a particular STS-3 e.g.
number 3, then the Autosetup search can be speeded up by setting the
RECEIVE
for a signal will then start in STS-3 number 3.
display MAPPING [FOREGROUND] to STS-3 [3]. The search
17
Setting the Interfaces
Setting PDH Receive Interface
Setting PDH Receive Interface
Description PDH Receive interface settings should match the network equipment
settings of Rate, Termination and Line Code and determine the Payload
to be tested.
TIP: If you wish to set the HP 37717C transmitter and receiver to the same
interface settings choose .
OTHER
SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED
HOW TO: 1 Choose the required SIGNAL source.
2 If Binary Interfaces, Option UH3, is fitted, choose the INTERFACE
required. See "Setting PDH Receive Binary Interface " page 20.
3 If you have chosen 2 Mb/s as the PDH signal rate, choose the required
impedance (TERMINATION). At all other rates the impedance is
fixed.
4 If you have chosen 2 Mb/s, 8 Mb/s or DS1 (Option 110) as the PDH
signal rate, choose the required LINE CODE. At 140 Mb/s, 34 Mb/s
and DS3 coding is fixed.
5 If you are measuring at the network equipment monitor point set the
LEVEL field to MONITOR.
18
Setting the Interfaces
Setting PDH Receive Interface
6 The received signal will be 20 to 26 dB below the normal level. To
return the received signal to normal, choose the required GAIN level.
The received signal may also require EQUALIZATION to compensate
for cable losses.
7 Choose the required Payload Type.
If Structured is chosen, the PDH test signal must be set up. See
“Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal (Options UKJ or
110)” page 43.
If you choose 2 Mb/s as the PDH signal rate, the Framed choice is
expanded to provide a menu of 2 Mb/s framing types.
8 Choose the required PATTERN.
9 Choose the required PRBS POLARITY.
If your PRBS Polarity choice matches ITU-T Recommendation O .150,
ITU is displayed alongside your choice.
19
Setting the Interfaces
Setting PDH Receive Binary Interface
Setting PDH Receive Binary Interface
Description PDH Receive binary interface settings should match the network
equipment threshold and polarity requirements for the binary interfaces.
HOW TO: 1 Set up the PDH receive interface required. See "Setting PDH Receive
Interface " page 18.
If INTERFACE [CODED] is chosen, binary interfaces are not
available.
2 If INTERFACE [BINARY] is chosen, then choose the required
THRESHOLDS and POLARITY for Clock and Data.
20
Loading...