Keysight N9913B, N9914B, N9915B, N9916B, N9917B Users guide

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User's Guide (Unabridged)

Keysight

B-Series FieldFox Analyzers

This manual provides documentation for the following models:

N9913B, N9914B, N9915B, N9916B, N9917B, N9918B N9933B, N9934B, N9935B, N9936B, N9937B, N9938B

N9950B, N9951B, N9952B N9960B, N9961B, N9962B

This is the unabridged version of the abridged N9938-90003 User's Guide that is available in printed format.

Notices

No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Keysight Technologies, Inc. as governed by United States and international copyright laws.

Trademark Acknowledgments

Bluetooth®

Manual Part Number

N9938-90006

Edition

Edition 1, February 2021

Printed in USA/Malaysia

Published by: Keysight Technologies 1400 Fountaingrove Parkway Santa Rosa, CA 95403

Warranty

THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED “AS IS,” AND IS SUBJECT TO BEING CHANGED, WITHOUT NOTICE, IN FUTURE EDITIONS. FURTHER, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, KEYSIGHT DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL AND ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. KEYSIGHT SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS OR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING, USE, OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN. SHOULD KEYSIGHT AND THE USER HAVE A SEPARATE WRITTEN AGREEMENT WITH WARRANTY TERMS COVERING THE MATERIAL IN THIS

DOCUMENT THAT CONFLICT WITH THESE TERMS, THE WARRANTY TERMS IN THE SEPARATE AGREEMENT WILL CONTROL.

Technology Licenses

The hardware and/or software described in this document are furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.

U.S. Government Rights

The Software is “commercial computer software,” as defined by Federal Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”) 2.101. Pursuant to FAR

12.212 and 27.405-3 and Department of Defense FAR Supplement (“DFARS”) 227.7202, the U.S. government acquires commercial computer software under the same terms by which the software is customarily provided to the public. Accordingly, Keysight provides the Software to U.S. government customers under its standard commercial license, which is embodied in its End User License Agreement (EULA), a copy of which can be found at

http://www.keysight.com/find/sweu la. The license set forth in the EULA

represents the exclusive authority by which the U.S. government may use, modify, distribute, or disclose the Software. The EULA and the license set forth therein, does not require or permit, among other things, that Keysight: (1) Furnish technical information related to commercial computer software or commercial computer software documentation that is not customarily provided to the public; or (2) Relinquish to, or otherwise provide, the government rights in excess of these rights customarily provided to the public to use, modify, reproduce, release, perform, display, or disclose commercial computer software or commercial computer software documentation. No additional government requirements beyond those set forth in the EULA shall apply, except to the extent that those terms, rights, or licenses are explicitly required from all providers of commercial computer software pursuant to the FAR and the DFARS and are set forth specifically in

writing elsewhere in the EULA. Keysight shall be under no obligation to update, revise or otherwise modify the Software. With respect to any technical data as defined by FAR

2.101, pursuant to FAR 12.211 and

27.404.2 and DFARS 227.7102, the U.S. government acquires no greater than Limited Rights as defined in FAR

27.401 or DFAR 227.7103-5 (c), as applicable in any technical data.

Safety Notices

A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to the product or loss of important data. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

A WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury or death. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

A NOTE calls the user’s attention to an important point or special information in the text.

Where to Find the Latest Information

Documentation is updated periodically. For the latest information about these products, including instrument software upgrades, application information, and product information, browse to one of the following URLs, according to the name of your product:

http://www.keysight.com/find/fieldfox

To receive the latest updates by email, subscribe to Keysight Email Updates at the following URL:

http://www.keysight.com/find/MyKeysight

Information on preventing instrument damage can be found at:

www.keysight.com/find/PreventingInstrumentRepair

Is your product software up-to-date?

Periodically, Keysight releases software updates to fix known defects and incorporate product enhancements. To search for software updates for your product, go to the Keysight Technical Support website at:

http://www.keysight.com/find/fieldfoxsupport

A.12.2x Firmware – Release B Series FieldFox

For customers upgrading FieldFox firmware, the following is a list of changes from the previous release:

— N9950/1/2B Microwave VNA and Spectrum Analyzer and

N9960/1/2B Microwave Spectrum Analyzer FieldFox support

—Improved OTA

— LTE TDD support

—Improved 5G NR

——LTE Coexistence (NSA / DSS) support

— Improved Mapping functionality

Contacting Keysight

Assistance with test and measurements needs and information on finding a local Keysight office are available on the Web at:

If you do not have access to the Internet, please contact your Keysight field engineer.

In any correspondence or telephone conversation, refer to the Keysight product by its model number and full serial number. With this information, the Keysight representative can determine whether your product is still within its warranty period.

To contact Keysight for sales and technical support, refer to support links on the following Keysight websites:

http://www.keysight.com/find (product specific information and support, software and documentation

updates)

http://www.keysight.com/find/assist.

http://www.keysight.com/find/assist (worldwide contact information for repair and service).

1. Overview

Models and Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Optional Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

FieldFox Manuals, Software, and Supplemental Help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Conventions that are used in the Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Safety Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox

Check the Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Meeting Power Requirements for the AC/DC Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Install the Lithium-Ion Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Battery Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FieldFox ON/OFF Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Power Button LED Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

FieldFox High Temperature Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

How to monitor the internal FieldFox temperature: . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Temperature Control Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

High-Temp Shutdown Warning (RTSA Mode Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

. 27

Avoid Overpowering the FieldFox. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

ake the FieldFox Tour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Top Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Right Side Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Left Side Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Screen Tour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How to Enter Numeric Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Multiplier Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Connector Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode

CAT Mode Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

How to select CAT Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Measurement Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Quick Settings Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Scale Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Smoothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Single or Continuous Measure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Resolution (Number of Data Points) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

. 37

. . 40

41 . 42 . 43

. . . 46

. 51

. . 52

. 53

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 7

Sweep Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

Output Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.55

Interference Rejection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

Coupled Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

Return Loss Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

How to Measure Return Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

1-Port Cable Loss Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How to make a 1-port Cable Loss Measur

2-Port Insertion Loss Measurements . . . . .

4. DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements

ement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

How to make DTF Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

DTF Measurement Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

DTF Settings Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

DTF Measurement (Format) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

DTF Start and Stop Distance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Frequency Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Coupled Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

Cable (Correction) Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

Window Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

DTF Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Calculated DTF values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

About Alias Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215

TDR Measurement Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

TDR Measurement (Format) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

TDR Settings Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

TDR Start and Stop Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

TDR Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Frequency Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Cable (Correction) Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

Window Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

TDR Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Calculated TDR values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

About Alias Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How to Prevent Undersampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85

. .71

.77

. .83

6. NA (Network Analyzer) Mode

NA Mode Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

About S-parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

Mixed-Mode S-Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90

8 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

Parameter Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Receiver Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Multi-Trace Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Quick Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Calibration Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . 96

Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Scale Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. 97

Magnitude Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Electrical Delay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Phase Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IF Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Smoothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. 99

. 100

101

Single or Continuous Measure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Resolution (Number of Data Points) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Sweep Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Triggering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. 103

Output Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

System Impedance (Z0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Port Extensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Velocity Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

107

Big Marker Display States (A and B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Increase Dynamic Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

7. Time Domain – Option 010

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Time Domain (Transform) Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Transform Settings Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Start/Stop (Frequency Range) and Points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Stimulus (Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Set Frequency Lowpass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Start/Stop Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Distance Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Window Layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Transform Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Line Loss and Velocity Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Data Chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Trace Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

118

. . . 119

Transform Enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Gate Enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 9

. . . . . 120

119

How to make Time Domain Gating settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121

Start, Stop, Center, and Span Gate Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121

Gating Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8. Calibration for NA, CAT, and VVM Modes

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124

Why and When to Calibrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CalReady . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How to Perform a Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125

Mechanical Cal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ECal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Simple Response Cals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132

View Cal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Calibration Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Isolation Step. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Waveguide Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137

Enhanced Response Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138

Interpolation * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cal ON? – Questionable Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139

Compatible Mode Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139

Save the Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

CalReady Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

Verifying Calibration and Jumper Cable Integrity. . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141

Verify a Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Test the Jumper Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141

Calibration Method Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142

.121

. .124

.125

127

. . .129

. .133

134

.136

.139

141

9. SA (Spectrum Analyzer) Mode (Option 233–Mixed Analyzers)

SA Mode Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146

How to select SA Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146

Frequency Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146

Radio Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

148

Custom Radio Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148

Channel Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149

Reverse Swap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Scale and Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

External Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

151

152

Attenuation Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153

Preamplifier Control (Opt 235) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154

Check for Compressed Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154

Field Strength Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155

10 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

Using the Antenna/Cable Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Source Tracking Offset and Offset Reversal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Tune & Listen (AM/FM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Independent Source/Tracking Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Resolution Bandwidth (Res BW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Video Bandwidth (Video BW). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Sweep Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IF Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

165

. 166

Sweep Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Very Long Sweep Times. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Zero Span Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Triggering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. 172

FFT Gating (Opt 238) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Single / Continuous / Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . 177

Trace Display States (SA Mode). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Average Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Average Count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Alignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

180

Detection Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Display Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

189

Noise Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Band/Interval Power Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Frequency Counter at Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Time Zero Fixed Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Audio Beep at Marker Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Meas UNCAL Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Old Data Indicator (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Channel Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Radio Standards and Channel Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Measurement Preset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Traces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. 194

. . 195

Channel Power (CHP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

How to Set Up EMF Settings

(Requires EMF (Option 358), GPS (Option 307), and SA Mode

(Option 233–Mixed Analyzers)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

EMF Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

EMF Setup Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM) — (SA Mode Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

How to select Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM) Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

10. RTSA (Real-time Spectrum Analyzer) Mode—Option 350

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 11

RTSA Mode Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228

How to select RTSA Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228

Frequency Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228

Scale and Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

External Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

229

230

Attenuation Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231

Preamplifier Control (Opt 235) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231

Check for Compressed Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232

Spectrum Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232

Setting the IF Path. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

236

Resolution Bandwidth (Res BW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236

Triggering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .237

Single / Continuous / Restart / Time Per Div . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240

Acq Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.241

Points (not user settable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241

Trace Display States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242

Detection Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243

Average Count, Show Density, Blue, and Red Percentage Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244

Alignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Display Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.245

Spectrogram Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Spectrogram Display (RTSA Option). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247

Common Settings for Spectrogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248

Record/Playback (RTSA Option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249

About Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FieldFox Setting Changes during Record and Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250

About State and User Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251

How to Record a Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252

How to Playback a Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253

Recording Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254

Record Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Playback Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256

Manage Sessions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256

Record Playback Example (RTSA Mode Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257

11. IQ Analyzer (IQA) – Option 351

About I/Q Analyzer (IQA) Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263

I/Q Analyzer (IQA) Mode Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264

How to Make Measurements Using the I/Q Analyzer Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264

How to Capture I/Q Data to a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265

How to modify the I/Q data measurement parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268

247

249

255

12 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

Using Markers (IQA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Noise Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Band/Interval Power Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Band Span Marker (Spectrum Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

Interval Span Marker (Waveform Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

Coupled Markers (Waveform Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

Continuous Peak Search Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

Alignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . 285

Trace Display States (IQA Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

How to display the Trace States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

Other Features Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

12. Over–the–Air Measurements (OTA) – LTE FDD Option 370, LTE TDD Option 371, 5G TF Option 377, 5G NR / 5G NR EVM Conducted Option 378

Using OTA (Options 370 – LTE FDD, 372 – TDD, 377 – 5G TF, and Option 378 – 5G NR / 5G NR

Conducted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

About Over–the–Air (OTA) Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

LTE FDD and LTE TDD Features (Option 370 and Option 371) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

5G TF Features (Option 377) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

5G NR Features (Option 378). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

5G NR EVM Conducted Features (P/O: Option 378). . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

How to Set Up Over–the–Air (OTA) Mode Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

OTA Setup Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

Optional: Using RTSA to verify the signal qualit

235). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

y (Requires Option 350 and Preamp Option

. . . 322

How to Define a Cell or Cell(s) and Use OTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

How to Set Up EMF Mode Settings (Requires EMF (Option

358) and 5G NR (Option 378)) 339

EMF Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

EMF Setup Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

How to Use Data Logging (OTA Options 370, 372, 377, and 378)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

Screen Annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

How to Record a Data Log Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

To change Data Logging Configuration settings: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

How to Play a Data Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

Other Features Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

roubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

Glossary (OTA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

13. 5G Rapid Prototype Phased Array Antenna – Option 360

Using the Phased Array Antenna (Option 360) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

About Phased Array Antenna Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 13

Phased Array Antenna Features (Option 360) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360

How to Set Up Phased Array Antenna Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369

Option 360 Setup Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369

How to Define a Set Up a Scan and Use Option 360

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .381

How to Use Data Logging/Playback (Option 360) . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390

Screen Annotation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390

How to Record a Data Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .392

To change Data Logging Configuration settings: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .392

How to Playback a Data Log. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393

Using Mapping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .394

Other Features Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .394

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395

14. USB Antennas – (Full Capability Requires EMF Option 358, and either SA mode (Option 233 Mixed Analyzers) or OTA—5G NR / 5G NR EVM Conducted Option 378)

Using USB Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400

About USB Antenna Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401

USB Antenna Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401

How to Set Up a USB Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403

USB Antenna Setup Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403

Other Features Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408

407

15. Indoor and Outdoor Mapping – Option 352 (Requires Spectrum Analyzer Mode (Option 233 on N991xB), and GPS Receiver (Option 307))

How to Install Node.js and Running the FieldFox Mapping Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414

Downloading and Using the FieldFox Map Support Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416

Importing a .zip File to the FieldFox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421

How to Set Up Mapping Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423

How to Set Up Mapping When the FieldFox Is On The LAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .424

Option 352 Indoor Maps Setup Procedure

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .426

Option 352 Outdoor Maps Setup Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .429

Setting up Data Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437

How to Use Data Logging (Option 352) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444

Screen Annotation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444

How to Record a Data Log (Outdoor Logging Only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446

To change Data Logging Configuration settings: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446

How to Play a Data Log. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447

Other Features Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

448

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448

14 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

General Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

Port 5000 in Use Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

Miscellaneous Mapping Errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

16. Remote Server Mode (Requires SA Hardware/SA Option 233)

In this Chapter: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454

Connecting Using Remote Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

Changing Frequency Converter Head Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

89600 VSA Software Overview (Requir

17. Interference Analyzer (SA Mode) – Option 236

es N991xB/3xB/5xB/6xB and SA Option 233). . . . . 457

Spectrogram and Waterfall Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

Spectrogram Display (SA Option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

Common Settings for Waterfall and Spectrogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

Waterfall Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

Record/Playback (SA Option). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

About Sessions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

FieldFox Setting Changes during Record and Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466

About State and User Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

How to Record a Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

How to Playback a Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

Recording Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

Frequency Mask Trigger Configuration (SA Mode Only) . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471

Record Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472

Playback Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

Manage Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

Record Playback Example (SA Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474

18. Reflection Mode (SA Models) - Option 320

Reflection Mode Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

How to select Reflection Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

Measurement Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

Normalize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19. Built-in Power Meter Mode – Option 310

480

Built-in Power Meter Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485

How to select Built-in Power Meter Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485

Frequency/ Span / Step. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485

Attenuation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20. Power Meter (USB) Mode - Option 302

486

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 15

Supported Power Sensors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .489

How to Connect the Power Sensor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .489

USB Power Meter Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .491

How to select Power Meter Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .491

Average / Peak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Zeroing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Source Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Relative and Offset Power Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494

Display Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Averaging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Single or Continuous Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495

Step Detection Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .496

Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21. Frequency Offset Using Power Sensor (FOPS) – Option 208

Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .499

FOPS Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .501

How to select Power Meter (USB Sensor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .501

Measurement Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .501

Sweep Type and Frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502

Power Sensor Settling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .504

Sweep Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Amplitude Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505

Trace Math. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

491

. .491

.492

492

.494 .494 .495

. . .496

504

.505

22. Pulse Measurements Mode – Option 330

Supported Power Sensors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .509

Switching between Pulse Measurement Mode and Power Meter Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . .509

How to Connect the Power Sensor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .509

Pulse Measurement Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .510

How to select Pulse Measurement Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .510

Measurement Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .510

Frequency / Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .510

Zoom Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .511

Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . .512

.512

Video Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513

Single or Continuous Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513

Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Triggering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

.514

. .514

Marker Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517

Amplitude Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

Marker Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

Auto Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pulse Top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Trace Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

23. VVM (Vector Voltmeter) Mode - Option 308

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525

VVM Mode Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526

How to select VVM Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526

Measurement Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526

Frequency Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526

Display Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526

IF Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Output Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527

AveragingS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Single or Continuous Measure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

VVM Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

Zeroing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-Port Cable Trimming Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531

How to make a 1-Port Cable Trimming Measur

ement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531

519

. 520

. . . 520

527

528

. . 529

2-Port Transmission Measurements

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533

How to make a 2-Port Transmission Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533

A/B and B/A Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534

24. ERTA (Extended Range Transmission Analysis) Mode - Option 209

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536

Requirements and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537

Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537

Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Start Connection Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538

On the Receiver unit: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538

Configure Measurement Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542

Select Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542

Normalize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Source Tracking Offset and Offset Reversal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543

Improve Dynamic Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544

Source Enable and Source Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544

. 537

543

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 17

25. AM/FM Metrics (SA Only and Option 355)

Using AM/FM Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .545

Overview of Measurement Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .545

How to Set Up AM/FM Metrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548

SINAD and THD Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .552

Int

erpreting AM/FM Metrics Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .555

Test Tone Not Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .555

26. Channel Scanner (Option 312)

Using Channel Scanner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .560

How to Set Up Channel Scanner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .561

How to Define a Channel and Use Channel Scanner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .564

Field Strength Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .578

Using the Antenna/Cable Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .584

Using Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .586

27. Noise Figure Mode (Option 356)

Using Noise Figure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .590

How to Define a Noise Figure Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594

Example: Typical Noise Figure Measurement Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .594

Overview of Softkey Menus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .595

How to Use DUT Measurement Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602

Single / Continuous / Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .614

Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Resolution Bandwidth (Res BW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .615

Alignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Calculating Noise Figure Measurement Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .616

Using ENR Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621

About ENR (*.enr), Preamplifier (*.amp), and DUT (*.dut) Fil

es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .622

Using Markers (Noise Figure) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .624

Calibration Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

When to Calibrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .625

. . .614

.615

. .625

How to use Auto-Integration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .628

About Auto-Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .628

Auto-Integration Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .629

Other Features Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

634

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635

28. Data Analysis Features

All about Markers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .638

How to create Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .638

18 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

How to move a Marker after it is created. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638

About Delta Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

Signal Track Marker (NF and SA Mode ONLY) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640

Marker Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Coupled Markers (NA Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641

Marker Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642

Marker Trace (CAT, NA, NF Modes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642

Marker Trace (IQA and SA Mode). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642

Marker Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643

Searching with Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644

What Is a ‘Peak’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

Marker Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651

I/Q Analyzer (IQA) Marker Functions . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652

SA Marker Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652

All about Limit Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How to Create Fixed Limit Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

Relative Limit Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654

Build From Trace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654

Limit Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How to Save and Recall Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656

Display Line (I/Q, NF, and SA Modes Only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657

All about Trace Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How to display data and memory traces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658

How to perform Trace Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658

About Math Operations . . . . . . . . . . .

All about Scale Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660

How to Use Scale Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660

Averaging (CAT, NA, Power Meter, Channel Scann

er, and Pulse Measurement Modes Only)

660

640

. 653

655

658

29. System Settings

Run/Hold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664

How to perform a single sweep while in Hold. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664

Preset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . 665

How to Preset the FieldFox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665

User Preset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . 665

How to set User Preset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666

How to recall User Preset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666

Audio (Volume) Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666

How to set the FieldFox Volume Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667

Display (Settings) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 19

. . 667

Display Brightness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .667

Display Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Trace Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Edit Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Full Screen Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .669

Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .670

How to view and change Utilities Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .670

667 668

. . . .668

669

Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . .678

Quick Settings Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .678

Save and Reset Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .680

Global Settings (Overview) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .680

Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . .682

Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .683

Date and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .684

GPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .684

How to select CAT distance units:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .684

Frequency Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

686

How to set the frequency reference settings: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .686

File folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . .686

How to set File Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .686

Alpha Numeric Editing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

687

File Saving Naming Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .687

Quick Save Editing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .687

Group Save File Types Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .688

Group Save File Types Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .688

Group Save File Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .688

CAT (Distance Units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.689

CAT/NA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .690

SA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .691

Discrete Colors Softkey Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .692

Using the Discrete Colors Softkey Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .692

System Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

692

Options (Licensing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .692

GNSS (GPS+) and GPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .693

Frequency Reference Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .698

Variable Voltage Source (Opt. 309). . . . .

Security Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .699

700

Date and Time, Format, and Time Zone Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .701

LAN Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

702

Power ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704

FieldFox Package Installer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705

Service Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707

Event Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Internal Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707

Erase User Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707

How to Erase User Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708

Understanding the Fan Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709

30. Using the Mini-USB Port to send SCPI Commands and Queries

Mini-USB Connection to PC with IO Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713

31. File Management

Saving and Recalling Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716

Save Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Recall Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Move (Copy) Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720

Set File Type and Select Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721

Manage Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724

Manage Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726

Edit Keywords. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727

Prefixes and Suffixes for Filenames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727

Press Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How to print the current screen or a saved file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730

. 707

. . 707

. 716 . 720

. . . 730

32. Working with the Lithium-Ion Battery

Viewing the Battery Charge Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731

Service Diagnostics—Battery Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732

Built-In Battery Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732

Charging the Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

733

Internal Charging with the AC/DC Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733

Using the External Battery Charger (N9910X–872) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735

Reconditioning Battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

736

Battery Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736

Maximizing Battery Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736

Lithium-Ion Battery Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737

33. Safety Considerations

For the FieldFox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 21

For the AC/DC Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .742

For the External Battery Charger (N9910X-872) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .743

For the Battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .743

High Capacity Lithium Battery (N9910X-876) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .745

Standard Capacity Battery (N9910X-870) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .747

Battery Protective Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .749

Battery Protective Functions (N9910X-876). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .749

Battery Protective Functions (N9910X-870). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .751

Batteries: Safe Handling and Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .752

Batt

ery Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .752

Environmental Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .753

Electrical Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .753

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .753

FieldFox Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .753

Battery Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .755

Packaging Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .757

AC/DC Adapter Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .757

Certification and Compliance Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .759

Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.759

Manufacturer’s Declaration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .759

Declaration of Conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .759

EMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acoustic Statement (European Machinery Dir

ective). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .760

. .759

. . .759

A:.Connector Care Review

. .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .762

B:.Specifications/Data Sheet

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .764

C:.Instrument Calibration

How Often Should Calibrate My Instrument? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .765

How do I Get an Instrument Calibration? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .765

What Are My Choices of Instrument Calibration?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .766

D:.Korean Battery Safety Translation

E:.Russian Battery Safety Translation

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .778

22 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

F:. Keysight Software End-User Licensing Agreement (EULA)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 23

24 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

Keysight Handheld Analyzers N99xxB User’s Guide

1Overview

Models and Options

Table 1-1 Models

Model Max Freq

(GHz)

N9913B 4 Vector Network Analyzer AND Spectrum Analyzer

N9914B 6.5 Vector Network Analyzer AND Spectrum Analyzer

N9915B 9 Vector Network Analyzer AND Spectrum Analyzer

N9916B 14 Vector Network Analyzer AND Spectrum Analyzer

N9917B 18 Vector Network Analyzer AND Spectrum Analyzer

N9918B 26.5 Vector Network Analyzer AND Spectrum Analyzer

N9950B 32 Vector Network Analyzer AND Spectrum Analyzer

N9951B 44 Vector Network Analyzer AND Spectrum Analyzer

N9952B 50 Vector Network Analyzer AND Spectrum Analyzer

N9933B 4 Spectrum Analyzer

N9934B 6.5 Spectrum Analyzer

N9935B 9 Spectrum Analyzer

N9936B 14 Spectrum Analyzer

Description

N9937B 18 Spectrum Analyzer

N9938B 26.5 Spectrum Analyzer

N9960B 32 Spectrum Analyzer

N9961B 44 Spectrum Analyzer

N9962B 50 Spectrum Analyzer

Minimum Frequency: 30 kHz for all VNA models; 9 kHz for all SA models (usable to 5 kHz)

FieldFox Options: For a comprehensive list, view the FieldFox Configuration Guide at: http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5992-3701EN.pdf

Accessories

Overview Accessories

The following accessories are included with every FieldFox. Spare accessories can be ordered at any time. Refer to Table 1-2. Some of the optional accessories—not included unless requested—are listed in Table 1-3. For more, refer to http://www.keysight.com/find/fieldfox.

Table 1-2 Accessories

Accessory Part Number

N9910X–873

N9910X-876 Lithium-Ion Battery (High Capacity)

N9910X–877

N9910X–880 Soft-case w/ Backpack & Shoulder Strap

N9910X–891 Quick Reference Guide (printed copy)

a. Depending on your region, the FieldFox comes with either a

N9910X-873 AC/DC adapter or a N9910X-877 AC/DC adapter.

Description

AC/DC Adapter (except for US/Canada)

AC/DC Adapter for US / Canada only

Optional Accessories

Table 1-3 Optional Accessories (partial list)

Optional Accessory Part Number

N9910X-872 External battery charger

N9910X–876 17 mm torque wrench

Description

N9910X-887 Replacement Fan Kit

Although not supplied, a USB keyboard and mouse CAN be used with the FieldFox.

To see a complete list of accessories that are available for the FieldFox, please visit: http://www.keysight.com/find/fieldfox.

26 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

Overview FieldFox Manuals, Software, and Supplemental Help

FieldFox Manuals, Software, and Supplemental Help

The following manuals and software are available for the FieldFox.

To access all of these, visit: www.keysight.com/find/fieldfoxsupport

— User’s Guide –This manual, included with shipment.

— Quick Reference Guide – Printed copy with laminated pages for outdoor

use included with shipment.

— Supplemental Online Help - Concepts and Reference information.

Programming Guide – Online, off line and pdf versions. http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupHelp/FieldFox.htm

— FieldFox Data Link Software and Help – Free download. Includes help on

editing calibration kits and cable files. Refer to

http://www.keysight.com/main/software.

— Service Guide – Free download.

— Firmware Updates – Check to see if you have the latest FieldFox firmware.

Conventions that are used in the Manual

— Hardkey indicates a front panel button. The functionality of these buttons

does not change.

The six Softkey menus change dynamically and follow these color conventions:

— Softkey

Blue indicates an available setting.

Green indicates a change in menu level when selected.

Black indicates the default or selected setting.

Yellow indicates an active entry in process.

Grey indicates a key that is NOT available.

Safety Notes

The following safety notes are used throughout this manual. Familiarize yourself with each of the notes and its meaning before operating this instrument. More pertinent safety notes for using this product are located in

Chapter 33, “Safety Considerations”, on page 739.

Denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, would result in damage to or destruction of the product. Do not proceed beyond a caution note until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 27

Overview FieldFox Manuals, Software, and Supplemental Help

Denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning note until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

28 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

Keysight Handheld Analyzers N99xxB User’s Guide

2 Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox

Check the Shipment

When you receive your FieldFox, check the shipment according to the following procedure:

1. Inspect the shipping container for damage. Signs of damage may include

a dented or torn shipping container or cushioning material that indicates signs of unusual stress or compacting. If not damaged, save the packaging material in case the FieldFox needs to be returned

2. Carefully remove the contents from the shipping container, and verify that

the standard accessories and your ordered options are included in the shipment according to the Box Contents List

3. For any question or problems, refer to “Contacting Keysight” on page 5

Meeting Power Requirements for the AC/DC Adapter

Voltage: 100 VAC to 240 VAC

Frequency: 50 Hz to 60 Hz

Current: 1.5 A (100 VAC) to 0.75 A (240 VAC)

The AC/DC adapter supplied with the analyzer is equipped with a three-wire power cord, in accordance with international safety standards. The power cable appropriate to the original product shipping location is included with the FieldFox.

Various AC power cables are available from Keysight that are unique to specific geographic areas. You can order additional AC power cables that are correct for use in different areas. For the power cord part number information please visit: http://www.keysight.com/find/fieldfox

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox Install the Lithium-Ion Battery

Install the Lithium-Ion Battery

Step Notes

1. Open the battery door Push the button on the battery compartment door while sliding the

2. Insert the battery. The terminals end of the battery is inserted into the compartment.

3. Close the battery door. Slide the battery compartment door upwards until it latches.

Battery Usage

When you receive your FieldFox, the lithium-ion battery is not installed, and it is partially charged to approximately 40% to preserve battery life. A lithium-ion battery has no memory effect, so it can be used partially charged, as shipped.

A fully charged battery will power your FieldFox for about four hours, so if you plan to use it for this long, you should fully charge the battery.

The FieldFox will shut down to prevent the battery from discharging to a level that is damaging. If this occurs, charge the battery either internally or externally.

Learn more about the lithium-ion battery in Chapter 32, “Working with the

Lithium-Ion Battery.”

Battery charge status is viewable:

door outward.

— In the upper-right corner of the screen.

— On the Battery screen. To access the screen, select System

Diagnostics, and Battery.

30 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

, Service

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox FieldFox ON/OFF Settings

— On the battery. Open the FieldFox battery compartment door to view the

battery LCD.

To conserve battery power:

—Use Run/Hold to single-trigger a measurement when needed. Hold is

shown on the display.

—Press System

rotary knob, or numeric keypad to adjust the brightness to dim the FieldFox display as much as possible.

— Briefly press the power button > Standby, to switch to Standby mode when

the FieldFox is not being used. current settings are preserved.

When powered by the battery only, the FieldFox can stay in Standby mode for a maximum of four hours and then it powers off automatically. When the relative battery charge drops by about 20%, the FieldFox will power off to preserve the remaining charge.

then Display then Brightness. Use the arrows, the

Press power button again to restore power. All

To recharge a battery:

Use ONLY a FieldFox charger to recharge a battery.

— The battery can be fully charged while in the FieldFox in about 4 hours with

the FieldFox either ON or OFF.

— The battery can be fully charged externally using the external battery

charger in about 4 hours.

— When the battery is removed, the FieldFox can still be powered by the

AC/DC adapter.

FieldFox ON/OFF Settings

The FieldFox power button shut down/standby sequence includes a 10 second counter that allows you to either choose a softkey to immediately initiate the action counter expire after 10 seconds then perform the action. *Restart can only be enabled via the Restart softkey.

—To turn power ON, briefly press the power button. Boot-up takes about 1

minute.

—To switch to Standby mode (low battery drain), briefly press the power

button. See the Note above concerning Stand By.

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 31

(Standby / Shut down / Restart*), or to let the countdown

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox FieldFox High Temperature Protection

—To turn Power OFF (very low battery drain), press the power button briefly

and press the Shutdown softkey. Data and instrument state are NOT automatically saved when the FieldFox is powered OFF. Learn how to save data and instrument state in Chapter 31, “File Management”, on page 715. See the Note above concerning Shut down.

— To restart FieldFox, press the power button and press Restart

above concerning Restart.

—Press Cancel

to exit the power down sequence.

— You can also access the power down softkey menu choices (Standby

down, Restart, and Cancel) by using the Mode hardkey:

—Press Mode

—Then More

—Then Shut down

— You can make a setting to automatically Power ON the FieldFox when a

power source is connected. Learn how on “Power ON” on page 704.

Power Button LED Status

Solid green Power is ON

Blinking green FieldFox in Stand By mode

Blinking amber

Blinking amber and green Stand By mode and battery charging

. See the Note

, Shut

Battery charging when the FieldFox power is off

Not lit Power is Off and battery is not charging

a. LED showing a repeating ramping-up of the intensity of the LED to indicate the

battery is charging.

FieldFox High Temperature Protection

The following features prevent degradation or damage in the event of high internal temperatures in the FieldFox.

Do NOT store the FieldFox in the soft-case while powered ON or in Standby mode.

How to monitor the internal FieldFox temperature:

—Press System, then Service Diagnostics.

—Then Internal Temperatures

32 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox FieldFox High Temperature Protection

— The average temperature that is displayed for the Internal Temperature is

the average of the RF1, RF2, SB1, SB2 temperatures. These temperatures come from internal sensors embedded within the FieldFox.

The average temperature does not include the CPU or the battery temperatures. The FieldFox does not measure the CPU and battery temperatures.

Temperature Control Mode

The FieldFox’s internal temperature control preserves measurement accuracy and maintains the long-term reliability of the FieldFox. See also, “High-Temp

Shutdown Warning (RTSA Mode Only)” on page 35.

Measurement speed specifications do NOT apply in Temperature Control Mode.

Entering Temperature Control Mode

At an average internal temperature of above approximately 64°C, the FieldFox enters Temperature Control mode by reducing display intensity. This should decrease the internal temperature which preserves measurement accuracy and maintains the long-term reliability of the FieldFox. Refer to Figure 2-1.

In addition, duty cycling is enabled when the internal average temperature of the FieldFox reaches the duty cycling threshold of above ~64°C. All applications (except RTSA): Power for internal circuitry is turned off between sweeps and delaying occurs for the next sweep. In RTSA mode, power is only turned off, if the FieldFox is in Single Sweep or Hold.

All applications (including RTSA): Display dims to 40% at ~64°C.

For all modes, except RTSA mode, you will see the following messages displayed for ~3 seconds:

"Automatic Meas Duty Cycling activ ated for thermal management"

Later if the temperatures are reduced:

"Temperatures reduced, ending Automatic Meas Duty Cycli ng"

For RTSA mode (where duty cycling is not possible), you will see the following messages displayed for ~3 seconds:

"Entering Auto Protect mo de for thermal management"

Later if the temperatures are reduced:

"Temperatures reduced, exitin g Automatic Protect Mode "

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 33

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox FieldFox High Temperature Protection

Entering Auto Protect (Maximum) Threshold Temperature Mode

At above approximately 75°C, the FieldFox enters (Maximum) Auto Protect temperature control mode by displaying the "Entering Auto Protect mode...". See also Table 2-1 on page 36.

When you enter the Auto Protect (Maximum) Threshold, the following message is displayed:

"Entering Maximum Auto Protect mod e for thermal managemen t"

When temperature reaches the maximum protection threshold (~75°C), some applications take additional measures.

Figure 2-1 Entering Auto Protect mode message (above ~64°C)—(Displays for 3 sec)

Exiting Maximum Auto Protect Threshold Temperature Mode

When the temperature drops to approximately 73.5°C, a message is displayed indicating that the FieldFox is leaving Temperature Control Mode and normal operating settings are restored (refer to Figure 2-2). See also, Table 2-1 on

page 36.

When you exit the Auto Protect (Maximum) Threshold control mode, the following message is displayed:

"Temperatures reduced, exitin g Maximum Auto Protect mod e"

Figure 2-2 Exiting Maximum Auto Protect mode message—(~62.5°C)

34 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox FieldFox High Temperature Protection

High-Temp Shutdown Warning (RTSA Mode Only)

In extreme situations, Temperature Control mode may not stop an increase in the FieldFox internal temperature. Just prior to shut down, the FieldFox will display a warning of imminent shut down and the instrument turns off. At above approximately 77°C, a Maximum Auto Protect message—(Top "WARNING..." message) displays for 9 sec. Red text at left bottom corner of display remains on until internal temperature returns to ~75.5°C. At above ~78°C, High-Temperature Shut down will engage and turn OFF the FieldFox. Refer to Figure 2-3. See also, Table 2-1 on page 36.

Figure 2-3 Shutdown Warning message—(above ~77°C) - (RTSA Mode Only!)

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 35

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox Avoid Overpowering the FieldFox

Summary of FieldFox Average Internal Temperature Protection Behavior

Table 2-1 Summary of FieldFox Temperature Protection

Threshold Average Internal

Tem perat ure

Duty cycling ~64°C Duty cycling is enabled when the internal average temperature of the

Maximum Protect (Initial) ~75°C When temperature reaches the maximum protection threshold

1 degree below shutdown (RTSA Mode Only)

Shutdown ~78°C Instrument shuts down.

Exit Duty Cycle ~62.5°C The temperature required to come out of the duty cycle threshold.

~77°C RTSA Shutdown Warning (~77°C) — (Top "WARNING..." message

Description of Behavior

FieldFox reaches the duty cycling threshold of ~64°C. Power is turned off between sweeps and delaying occurs for the next sweep.

In RTSA mode power is only turned off in Single Sweep or Hold. This enables you to control your instrument’s temperature when you don’t need to make a measurement by using the "Run/Hold" hardkey to pause the sweep.

All applications (including RTSA): Display dims to 40% at ~64°C.

(~75°C) some applications take additional measures.

displays for 9 sec). Red text at bottom of display remains on until internal temperature returns to ~75.5°C. Refer to Figure 2-3 on

page 35.

Avoid Overpowering the FieldFox

The FieldFox can be damaged with too much power or voltage applied. Exceeding the maximum RF power levels shown below will cause an ADC Over Range message to appear on the screen.

Maximum Input Voltages and Power:

— RF IN/OUT Connectors: ±50 VDC, +27 dBm RF

— DC Input: -19 to 19 VDC, 60 Watts maximum when charging battery

Learn more about Maximum power and voltages in the FieldFox Data Sheet.

Very often, coaxial cables and antennas build up a static charge, which, if allowed to discharge by connecting to the FieldFox, may damage the instrument input circuitry. To avoid such damage, it is recommended to dissipate any static charges by temporarily attaching a short to the cable or antenna prior to attaching to the FieldFox.

36 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox Take the FieldFox Tour

Take the FieldFox Tour

Front Panel

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 37

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox Take the FieldFox Tour

No. Caption Description Learn

1 Power ON: press momentarily.

STAND BY: with FieldFox power ON, press briefly.

OFF: press and hold until the FieldFox shuts off (about 4 seconds).

2 LED Not lit: FieldFox OFF, not charging

Green: FieldFox ON. Charging status indicated by battery icon on screen

Orange, flashing: FieldFox STAND BY

Orange, intensity increasing, flashing slowly: FieldFox OFF, charging

System

4 Function keys

Displays a sub-menu for system setup “System

Includes: Freq/Dist, Scale/Amptd, BW, Sweep, Trace, Meas

Setup, Measure, and Mode.

Preset

Returns the analyzer to a known state “How to

“FieldFox ON/OFF Settings” on page 31

“Power Button LED Status” on page 32

Settings” on page 663

Refer to specific Mode.

Preset the FieldFox” on page 665

Enter

Marker

Mkr-->Tools

Esc

Save/Recall

Confirms a parameter selection or configuration --

Activates marker function “All about

Markers” on page 638

Displays a sub-menu for marker functions “All about

Markers” on page 638

Exits and closes the Active Entry dialog box or clears the character input --

Saves the current trace or recalls saved data from memory “Saving

and Recalling Files” on page 716

38 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox Take the FieldFox Tour

No. Caption Description Learn

Limit

Run/Hold

Cal

14 Arrow keys Increases or decreases a value or setting. --

15 Returns to the previous menu selection. --

16 Rotary knob Highlights an item for selection, or enables incremental changes to values. --

17 Softkeys Allows selection of settings for configuring and performing measurements, and

Sets limit lines for quick Pass/Fail judgment “All about

Limit Lines” on page 653

Toggles between free Run and Hold/Single operation. “Run/Hol

d” on page 664

Displays a sub-menu for calibration functions “Calibrati

on Method Summary ” on page 142

for other FieldFox functions.

18 Screen Transflective screen, viewable under all lighting conditions. If you are using your

FieldFox in direct sunlight, you do not need to shield the display from the sunlight. In bright lighting conditions, the display is brighter and easier to read when you allow light to fall directly on the screen. Alternative color modes exist that maximize viewing in direct sunlight conditions, as well as other conditions such as nighttime work.

Clean the Transflective screen with gentle and minimal wiping using Isopropyl alcohol applied to a lint-free cloth.

“Screen Tour” on page 43

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 39

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox Take the FieldFox Tour

Top Panel

Caption Descriptions Learn More:

Port 1 RF Output

Port 2 SA RF Input

GPS Ant SMA (f) connector for use with built-in GPS. Produces a settable 3.3 VDC or

Ref In Trig In

For CAT and NA measurements, use to make reflection measurements. Maximum: ±50 VDC, +27 dBm RF

Also, for SA source output in SA mode.

For SA, use to make all measurements.

For CAT, NA, and VVM mode, use to make Port 2 transmission measurements.

Maximum: ±50 VDC, +27 dBm RF.

5 VDC bias voltage for the antenna pre-amplifier. Use with a GPS antenna such as N9910X-825. Other GPS antennas can also be used.

SMA (f) connector for use with Frequency Reference Source and External Trigger Input signal.

Maximum: 5.5 VDC.

“CAT Mode Settings” on page 49 “NA Mode Settings” on page 89 Chapter 9, “SA (Spectrum Analyzer) Mode (Option 233–Mixed Analyzers)”, on page 143

“SA Mode Settings” on page 146

“GPS” on page 684

“Frequency Reference Source” on page 698. “Triggering” on page 172

40 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox Take the FieldFox Tour

Right Side Panel

Connector Description Learn More:

Ethernet cable connector to read trace data using the FieldFox Data Link Software and connect to the FieldFox remotely.

Download the latest version of the software at:

www.keysight.com/find/fieldfoxsupport

IF Out used in SA mode for external signal processing. “IF Output” on

Frequency Reference Source Output

Trigger Output (ERTA mode).

Secure Digital slot. Use to extend the memory of the FieldFox. “Saving and Recalling

The mini-USB port can be connected to your PC’s standard USB port to send SCPI commands.

IMPORTANT! It is recommended that only USB

certified cables are used with the FieldFox.

“LAN Settings” on page 702

page 166

Chapter 24, “ERTA (Extended Range Transmission Analysis) Mode - Option 209”, on page 535

Files” on page 716

Chapter 30, “Using the Mini-USB Port to send SCPI Commands and Queries”, on page 713

Two standard USB connectors used to connect a power sensor for Power Meter Mode. Also used to save files to a USB flash drive.

“Saving and Recalling Files” on page 716

IMPORTANT! It is recommended that only USB

certified cables are used with the FieldFox.

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 41

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox Take the FieldFox Tour

Left Side Panel

Connector Description Learn More:

Audio output jack for use with SA Mode Tune and Listen. “Tune & Listen

(AM/FM)” on page 160

DC Voltage Source for use with external DC Bias. “Variable Voltage

Source (Opt. 309)” on page 699

DC power connector used to connect to the AC/DC adapter. Maximum: 19 VDC, 4 ADC.

“Internal Charging with the AC/DC Adapter ” on page 733

42 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox Take the FieldFox Tour

Screen Tour

Caption Description Learn More:

1 Title – write your own text here “Title” on page 668

2 Current Mode --

3 Run / Hold “Run/Hold” on

page 664

4 Display Format Mode dependent

5 Scale/division Mode dependent

6 Calibration Status (CAT and NA)

Detection Method (SA)

7 Velocity Factor (Fault Meas) “About Velocity Factor

8 Averaging Status and Count Mode dependent

9 Data / Mem Display (CAT and NA)

Step / FFT (SA)

“Cal ON? – Questionable Accuracy” on page 139

and Cable Loss” on page 67

“All about Trace Math” on page 658 “Resolution Bandwidth (Res BW)” on page 164

10 Resolution Setting Mode dependent

11 Measurement Start Freq or Distance Mode dependent

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 43

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox Take the FieldFox Tour

Caption Description Learn More:

12 Bandpass / Lowpass setting (Fault Meas)

IF BW in NA Mode

13 Output Power Level (CAT and NA) “Output Power” on

14 Measurement Stop Freq or Distance Mode dependent

15 Actual Sweep Time Mode dependent

16 Limit Line Status “All about Limit Lines”

17 Time and Date “Date and Time” on

18 Marker Readout “All about Markers” on

19 Battery Status “Viewing the Battery

20 Measurement Type (CAT and NA) --

21 acquisition Mode dependent

22 Reference Position Mode dependent

“DTF Measurement Settings” on page 64

page 55

on page 653

page 684

page 638

Charge Status” on page 731

44 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox How to Enter Numeric Values

How to Enter Numeric Values

Many settings on the FieldFox require the entry of numeric values.

How to enter numeric values

Use any combination of the following keys:

— Numeric 0–9 keys, along with the polarity (+/-

— Up/Down arrow keys to increment or decrement values.

— Rotary knob to scroll through a set of values.

— Back

— Esc

To complete the setting, press Enter

erases previously entered values.

exits data entry without accepting the new value.

Multiplier Abbreviations

Many times after entering numeric values, a set of multiplier or suffix softkeys are presented. The following explains the meaning of these abbreviations.

Select Frequency multipliers as follows:

— GHz

— MHz

— KHz

— Hz

Select Time multipliers as follows:

Gigahertz (1e9 Hertz)

Megahertz (1e6 Hertz)

Kilohertz (1e3 Hertz)

Hertz

) key.

or a different softkey or hardkey.

Seconds

— s

— ms

— us

— ns

— ps

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 45

milliseconds (1e–3)

microseconds (1e–6)

nanoseconds (1e–9)

picoseconds (1e-12)

Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox Connector Care

Connector Care

— Never store connectors, airlines, or calibration standards loose in a box. This

— Install protective end caps when connectors are not in use.

— Keep connector temperature the same as the test instrument. Holding the

— Do not touch the mating plane surfaces. Natural skin oils and microscopic

— Do not set connectors contact-end down on a hard surface. The plating and

— Wear a grounded wrist strap and work on a grounded, conductive table

is a common cause of connector damage.

connector in your hand or cleaning connector with compressed air can significantly change the temperature. Wait for connector temperature to stabilize before using in calibration or measurements.

particles of dirt are difficult to remove from these surfaces.

mating plane surfaces can be damaged if the interface comes in contact with any hard surface.

mat. This helps protect the analyzer and devices from electrostatic discharge (ESD).

— Refer to “Connector Care Review” on page 761.

Because of the very small and precise mechanical tolerances of mmWave connectors, minor defects, damage, and dirt can significantly degrade repeatability and accuracy. In addition, a dirty or damaged connector can destroy connectors that are mated to it. For this reason, NEVER use a damaged connector. See also http://na.support.keysight.com/pna/connectorcare/Connector_Care.htm

46 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

Keysight Handheld Analyzers N99xxB User’s Guide

3 CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode

CAT Mode is typically used to test an entire transmission system, from the transmitter to the antenna. This process is sometimes referred to as Line Sweeping.

CAT Mode is similar to NA (Network Analyzer) Mode. Learn more in the Supplemental Online Help:

http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupH elp/FieldFox.htm

CAT Mode Distance to Fault measurements are discussed in

Measurements.”

Chapter 4, “DTF (Distance to Fault)

IMPORTANT! For CAT and NA modes, limit lines do not apply where F1 = F2.

In this Chapter

“Measurement Selection” on page 49

“Quick Settings Table” on page 50

“Frequency Range” on page 51

“Scale Settings” on page 51

“Averaging” on page 52

“Smoothing” on page 53

“Single or Continuous Measure” on page 53

“Resolution (Number of Data Points)” on page 54

“Sweep Time” on page 54

“Output Power” on page 55

“Interference Rejection” on page 56

“Coupled Frequency” on page 56

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode

Procedures

“Return Loss Measurements” on page 58

“1-Port Cable Loss Measurements” on page 58

“2-Port Insertion Loss Measurements” on page 60

CAT Mode Settings

Select CAT Mode before making any setting in this chapter.

How to select CAT Mode

—Press Mode.

—Then CAT/TDR.

Measurement Selection

How to select a CAT Mode Measurement

Learn more about the following measurements in the Supplemental Online Help: http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupHelp/FieldFox.htm

Press Measure 1

Then choose one of the following: These softkeys also appear after CAT Mode is selected.

— Distance To Fault

Transform (IFT) calculations to determine and display the distance to, and relative size of, a fault or disruption in the transmission line. Units are in return loss format, expressed as a positive number in dB, unless the measurement selected is DTF (VSWR). Learn more about DTF Measurements refer to Chapter 4, “DTF (Distance to Fault)

Measurements.”.

— Return Loss & DTF

measurement. Use this format to display the frequency settings that are used to make the DTF measurement. The frequency range settings for these two measurements can be coupled or uncoupled. Learn more on page 56.

Calibrations are applied to both traces

When in Hold mode and Single sweep is performed, only the active

trace is triggered. Use the arrows to activate a trace

— Return Loss

incident signal energy MINUS the amount of energy that is reflected. The higher the trace is on the screen, the more energy being reflected back to the FieldFox. Learn how to measure Return Loss on page 58.

1-port reflection measurement that uses Inverse Fourier

Displays both a Return Loss measurement and a DTF

1-port reflection measurement that displays the amount of

— VSWR

reflection measurement that displays the ratio of the maximum reflected voltage over the minimum reflected voltage. The higher the trace is on the screen, the more energy being reflected back to the FieldFox.

— DTF (VSWR)

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 49

(Voltage Standing Wave Ratio – also known as SWR) 1-port

Distance to Fault in VSWR format.

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode CAT Mode Settings

— Cable Loss (1-Port) 1-port reflection measurement that displays the loss of

a transmission line. Learn more on page 58

— Insertion Loss (2-Port)

displays the loss through a cable or other device in dB. Both ends of the cable must be connected to the FieldFox. NO phase information is included in this measurement. Learn more at “2-Port Insertion Loss Measurements”

on page 60. This feature is available only with an option on some FieldFox

models. For detailed information, please view the FieldFox Configuration Guide at: http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5992-3701EN.pdf

— DTF (Lin)

— TDR (Lin rho)

without reflections shows as 0 (zero). Maximum reflections from an open or short show as 1.

— TDR (ohm)

— TDR & DTF

Distance to Fault in Linear format.

The Y-axis of the display is impedance (ohms).

TDR and DTF are displayed.

Quick Settings Table

Both CAT and NA Modes allow you to view and change most relevant settings from a single location. All of these settings are discussed in this chapter and, unless otherwise noted, ALL of these settings can also be made using the standard softkey menus.

2-port transmission measurement that accurately

The Y-axis of the display is linear, real, unitless values. A trace

How to view and change Quick Settings

—Press Meas Setup 4.

—Then Settings

—Press Next Page

are NOT available, then all available settings fit on one page.

— To change a setting:

— Use the arrows to highlight a setting.

—Then press Edit

— Some settings require you to press a softkey to change the value.

Otherwise, use the numeric keypad, arrows, or rotary knob to change the value.

— When finished changing a value, press Done Edit

—Press Dock Window

the trace window. The Dock Window setting persists through a Preset. Choose from the following

— Full (Default setting) Only the Settings table is shown on the screen.

The trace window is temporarily not shown

and Previous Page to view all settings. If these softkeys

. The current setting changes to yellow.

to relocate the Settings table to a position relative to

50 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode CAT Mode Settings

— Left The Settings table is shown to the left of the trace window

— Bottom The Settings table is shown below the trace window

— When finished changing ALL settings, press Done

Frequency Range

Set the range of frequencies over which you would like to make CAT Mode measurements

When the frequency range is changed after a calibration is performed, the cal becomes interpolated. Learn more in “Interpolation *” on page 139.

How to set Frequency Range

—Press Freq/Dist.

— Then choose from the following

— Start

— Center

frequencies (half on either side of center).

— Follow each setting by entering a value using the numeric keypad,

arrows, or the rotary knob.

— After using the keypad, select a multiplier key. Learn about multiplier

abbreviations in Chapter 1, “Overview.”

to save your settings

and Stop frequencies - beginning and end of the sweep.

and Span frequencies – the center frequency and span of

— After using the arrows or the rotary knob, press Enter

Scale Settings

Adjust the Y-axis scale to see the relevant portions of the data trace. The Y-axis is divided into 10 graticules.

This setting can be changed at any time without affecting calibration accuracy.

How to set Scale

—Press Scale / Amptd.

— Then choose from the following three methods:

1. Autoscale

2. Set Scale, acquisition, and Reference Position:

. The amount of frequency increment is based on the current span and can NOT be changed in CAT Mode.

Automatically adjusts the Y-axis to comfortably fit the

Minimum and Maximum amplitude of the trace on the screen.

— Scale

Manually enter a scale per division to view specific

areas of the trace

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 51

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode CAT Mode Settings

— Ref Level Manually set the value of the reference line.

Enter a negative value by pressing Run/Hold (+/-) before or after typing a value

either

Averaging

— Ref Pos

Manually set the position of the reference line.

Values must be between 0 (TOP line) and 10 (BOTTOM line)

3. Set Top and Bottom graticule values. The scale per division is calculated.

— Top

— Bottom

to set the value of the Top graticule.

to set the value of the Bottom graticule.

— Enter a negative value by pressing Run/Hold (+/-)

before or after typing a value.

Scale annotation on the FieldFox screen

Reference Line = red arrow

Ref Level = -40 dB

Ref Position = 1

Scale = 2 dB per division

either

Trace Averaging helps to smooth a trace to reduce the effects of random noise on a measurement. The FieldFox computes each data point based on the average of the same data point over several consecutive sweeps.

Average Count determines the number of sweeps to average; the higher the average count, the greater the amount of noise reduction.

An average counter is shown in the left edge of the screen as Avg N. This shows the number of previous sweeps that have been averaged together to form the current trace. When the counter reaches the specified count, then a ‘running average’ of the last N sweeps is displayed. Average Count = 1 means there is NO averaging.

This setting can be changed at any time without affecting calibration accuracy.

Averaging is often used to increase the dynamic range of a measurement. To achieve the highest dynamic range, select NA mode and reduce the IF Bandwidth setting. Learn more about dynamic range in

Range” on page 110

“Increase Dynamic

How to set Trace Averaging

—Press BW 2.

52 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode CAT Mode Settings

—Then Average N where N is the current count setting.

— Enter a value using the numeric keypad. Enter 1 for NO averaging.

—Press Enter

— While Trace Averaging is in process, press Sweep 3

Smoothing

Trace smoothing averages a number of adjacent data points to smooth the peak-to-peak noise values on a displayed trace. The number of adjacent data points that are averaged is known as the smoothing aperture. Aperture is set by specifying a percentage of the X-axis span.

Trace smoothing does NOT significantly increase measurement time.

Smoothing can be used with any CAT format.

When enabled, Smo appears on the FieldFox screen.

How to set Smoothing

—Press BW 2

—Then Smoothing ON OFF

—Then Sm. Aperture

then Restart to restart

the averaging at 1.

and enter a value between 0 and 25 (percent) using the

numeric keypad.

—Press Enter

Single or Continuous Measure

This setting determines whether the FieldFox sweeps continuously or only once each time the Single or to allow you to save or analyze a specific measurement trace.

This setting can be changed at any time without affecting calibration accuracy.

How to set Single or Continuous

—Press Sweep 3.

— Then choose one of the following:

— Single

make ONE sweep, then hold for the next Single key press. Hold is annotated in the upper left corner of the display when NOT sweeping, and changes to an arrow --> while the sweep occurs

— Continuous

when battery power is not critical.

You can also use Run / Hold +/-

button is pressed. Use Single to conserve battery power

Automatically sets Continuous OFF and causes FieldFox to

Makes continuous sweeps. This is the typical setting

to toggle between Single and Continuous.

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 53

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode CAT Mode Settings

Resolution (Number of Data Points)

Data points are individual measurements that are made and plotted across the X-axis to form a trace. Select more data points to increase measurement resolution. However, more data points require more time to complete an entire measurement sweep

When the Resolution is changed after a calibration is performed, the cal becomes interpolated. Learn more in “Interpolation *” on page 139

How to set Resolution

—Press Sweep 3.

—Then Resolution

— Then choose one of the following:

101 | 201 | 401 | 601 | 801 | 1001 |1601 | 4001 | 10001

— Using SCPI, Resolution can be set to any number of points between 3 and

10001. See the Programming Guide at

http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/

Sweep Time

The fastest possible sweep time is always used as the default setting. Use the Min Swp Time setting to slow the sweep time when measuring long lengths of cable.

Learn more in the FieldFox Supplemental Help at:

http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupHelp/FieldFox.htm

The actual sweep time is shown on the FieldFox screen. See “Take the FieldFox

Tour” on page 37. To increase the sweep time, enter a value that is higher than

the actual sweep time. The increase will not be exactly the amount that you enter, as the actual sweep time is the composite of many factors.

Measurement speed specifications do NOT apply in Temperature Control Mode. Learn more in Chapter 1, “Overview.”

How to set Sweep Time

—Press Sweep 3.

—Then Min Swp Time

— Enter a value using the numeric keypad.

— Press a multiplier key. Learn more in “Multiplier Abbreviations” on page 45.

54 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode CAT Mode Settings

Output Power

Set the power level out of the FieldFox to High, Low, or manually set power level to a value between High and Low.

Generally, the high power setting is used when measuring passive, high-loss devices to place the signal farther from the noise floor. Increasing the power can also help reduce trace noise. However, for devices that are sensitive to high power levels such as amplifiers, use the Low power setting.

For best measurement accuracy, use the Manual power setting at -15 dBm. After calibration, the power level can be decreased for amplifiers, or increased for higher dynamic range.

Power Level settings in this mode will NOT change Power Level settings in other modes. To help prevent damage to your DUT, use caution when changing modes with your DUT connected to the FieldFox test ports.

How to set Output Power

—Press Meas Setup 4.

—Then Power

—Then Output Power

— High Sets output power to the maximum achievable power at all

displayed frequencies. Output power is NOT FLAT across the displayed FieldFox frequency span. Use the High power setting, when better dynamic range and lower noise is desired. Please see

“Specifications/Data Sheet” on page 763 for expected power levels.

— Low Sets output power to approximately –50dBm, FLAT across the

displayed FieldFox frequency span.

— Man (Default setting) Sets the output power to –15 dBm, FLAT across

the displayed FieldFox frequency span. If flattened power can NOT be achieved, a warning message and beep occurs. To achieve a flattened output power, reduce the power level or stop frequency.

—Then press Power Level

— Then enter a value using the numeric keypad, the arrows, or the

rotary knob.

—Press Enter

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 55

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode CAT Mode Settings

Interference Rejection

Use this setting when you suspect that other signals in the area are interfering with a measurement. Interference may look like a spike or lack of stability in the measurement trace. While monitoring a measurement at a specific frequency, toggle this setting between ON and OFF. If the measurement result decreases while ON, then there is an interfering signal in the area. Continue to make measurements with Interference Rejection ON. However, this will slow the measurement speed.

Once enabled, up to SIX sweeps may be required before the interfering signal is neutralized.

This setting can be changed at any time without affecting calibration accuracy.

How to set Interference Rejection

—Press Meas Setup 4.

—Then Interference Rejection [current setting]

— Then choose from the following:

No interference rejection and fastest possible sweep speed

— Off

— Minimum

— Medium

— Maximum

Coupled Frequency

This setting, especially useful for a Return Loss & DTF measurement, allows both measurements to have different frequency ranges.

How to set Coupled Frequency

With a Return Loss & DTF measurement present:

—Press Meas Setup 4

— Select the DTF measurement (Tr2) using the arrows.

— Then choose from the following:

The lowest level of Interference rejection.

The medium level of Interference rejection.

The highest level of Interference rejection.

— Coupled Freq ON

frequency range settings.

— Coupled Freq OFF

individual frequency range settings. When set to OFF:

— The Return Loss measurement frequency settings are made in the

usual manner. Learn how at “Frequency Range” on page 51. When a new Start or Stop frequency is selected, Coupled Frequency is automatically set to OFF.

56 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

- Both the Return Loss and DTF traces have the same

(default setting) - Both traces are allowed to have

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode CAT Mode Settings

— The DTF measurement is made using the frequencies as determined

by the DTF Frequency Mode setting. Learn more in “DTF

Measurement Settings” on page 64.

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 57

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode Return Loss Measurements

Return Loss Measurements

Return loss can be thought of as the absolute value of the reflected power compared to the incident power.

When measuring an OPEN or SHORT, all incident power is reflected and approximately 0 dB return loss is displayed.

When measuring a LOAD, very little power is reflected and values of 40 dB to 60 dB are displayed.

The minus sign is usually ignored when conveying return loss. For example, a component is said to have 18 dB return loss, rather than –18 dB.

How to Measure Return Loss

— Connect the jumper cable or any adapter used to connect the device under

test (DUT).

— Select Preset

— Select Mode

—Then Return Loss

—Press Freq/Dist

measurement.

—Press Meas Setup 4

calibrating.

— Disconnect the jumper cable or DUT and press Cal 5

calibration prompts.

— Reconnect the jumper cable or DUT.

— The return loss trace is displayed on the FieldFox screen.

then Preset Returns the FieldFox to known settings

then CAT/TDR (Cable and Antenna Test)

(Default measurement).

and enter Start and Stop frequency values of the

then Settings to make appropriate settings before

1-Port Cable Loss Measurements

While all cables have inherent loss, weather and time will deteriorate cables and cause even more energy to be absorbed by the cable. This makes less power available to be transmitted.

then follow the

A deteriorated cable is not usually apparent in a Distance to Fault measurement, where more obvious and dramatic problems are identified. A Cable Loss measurement is necessary to measure the accumulated losses throughout the length of the cable.

58 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode 1-Port Cable Loss Measurements

A 2-port Insertion Loss measurement is usually more accurate than a 1-port Cable Loss measurement. However, to perform a 2-port Insertion Loss measurement, both ends of the cable must be connected to the FieldFox.

In high-loss conditions, a Cable Loss measurement becomes ‘noisy’ as the test signal becomes indistinguishable in the FieldFox noise floor. This can occur when measuring a very long cable and using relatively high measurement frequencies. To help with this condition, use High Power (page 55) and Averaging. (page 52).

How to make a 1-port Cable Loss Measurement

1. Press Preset then Preset.

2. Then More

then Cable Loss (1-Port)

3. Connect the cable to be tested.

4. Press Freq/Dist

and enter Start and Stop frequency values of the

measurement.

5. Press Sweep 3

then Min Swp Time. Increase the Sweep Time until a stable

trace is visible on the screen. The amount of time that is required increases with longer cable lengths. Learn more in the Supplemental Online Help:

http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupHelp/FieldFox.htm

6. Remove the cable to be tested.

7. Press Cal 5

, then Mechanical Cal. Mechanical Cal.

8. Follow the prompts to perform calibration at the end of the jumper cable

or adapter. Learn more about Calibration in “How to Perform a

Calibration” on page 125

9. Connect the cable to be tested.

Low-level standing waves (also known as ‘ripple’) which may be visible in reflection measurements, can hide the actual loss of the cable. Steps 10 through 13 can minimize the ripple. Perform the measurement with and without steps 10 through 13 and choose the method with the least amount of ripple.

10.Connect a LOAD at the end of the cable to be tested. This limits the

reflections to faults that are located in the cable under test.

11.Press Trace 6

then Math and Memory then Data->Mem to store the trace

into Memory.

12.Remove the LOAD and leave the end of the cable to be tested open.

13.Press Data Math

then Data – Mem. The ripple in the measurement is

removed. These minor imperfections in the cable should not be considered in the Cable Loss measurement.

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 59

CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode 2-Port Insertion Loss Measurements

14.Use Averaging to remove random noise from high-loss measurements. Press BW 2

The displayed trace shows the Cable Loss values in one direction through the cable. A Return Loss measurement would show the loss for both down the cable and back. Therefore, a Cable Loss measurement is the same as a Return Loss measurement divided by 2.

The average Cable Loss across the specified frequency range is shown on the screen below the graticules.

then Average.

2-Port Insertion Loss Measurements

A 2-port Insertion Loss measurement is used to measure the loss through a DUT (device under test) – or cable – over a specified frequency range. The FieldFox signal source is transmitted out the RF OUT connector, through the DUT, and into the RF IN connector. Both ends of the DUT must be connected to the FieldFox, either directly or indirectly using the cable used in the normalization cal.

‘Insertion’ loss simply means loss through a device, usually expressed in dB. It is exactly the same measurement as “S21 Transmission” in NA Mode.

Exception: In CAT mode, if the TDR data are saved in S1P format, the values represent the real part of the complex transform; the imaginary part is set to zero. To obtain complex data, either as real/imaginary or magnitude/phase pairs, use NA mode.

2-port Insertion Loss measurements are generally more accurate than 1-port Cable Loss measurements.

How to make a 2-port Insertion Loss Measurement

—Press Mode

—Then More

—Press Freq/Dist

measurement.

—Press Sweep 3

—Press Cal 5

Calibration” on page 125.

— Connect the DUT and view the insertion loss measurement results.

then CAT.

then Insertion Loss (2-Port).

and enter Start and Stop frequency values of the

, then select a Resolution setting.

, then perform a calibration. Learn more on “How to Perform a

When measuring very long lengths of cable, it may be necessary to increase the sweep time. Learn how on page 54. Learn why in the Supplemental Online Help: http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupHelp/FieldFox.htm

60 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

Keysight Handheld Analyzers N99xxB User’s Guide

4 DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements

CAT Mode Distance to Fault (DTF) measurements are generally used to locate problems, or faults, in a length of cable or transmission line. In this chapter, the cable to be tested is referred to as the DUT (Device Under Test).

Settings that are NOT unique to DTF measurements are documented in the CAT Mode Chapter 3, “CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode.”

In this Chapter

“How to make DTF Measurements” on page 62

“DTF Settings Table” on page 64

“DTF Measurement (Format)” on page 64

“DTF Start and Stop Distance” on page 65

“Frequency Mode” on page 65

DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements How to make DTF Measurements

“Coupled Frequency” on page 66

“Cable (Correction) Specifications” on page 67

“Window Settings” on page 70

“DTF Units” on page 71

“Calculated DTF values” on page 71

“About Alias Faults” on page 71

Optional settings

“All about Markers” on page 638

“All about Limit Lines” on page 653

“Saving and Recalling Files” on page 716

Trace Math is NOT available in DTF Measurements.

How to make DTF Measurements

Before starting, you may need the following:

— Jumper cable or adapter to connect the beginning of the DUT to the

FieldFox.

— LOAD with correct connector type and gender to terminate the end of the

DUT (if possible).

— The known length and cable type of the DUT. If the cable type is not known,

then the Cable Loss (dB/Meter) and Velocity Factor of the DUT are required.

1. Connect any necessary jumper cable or adapter to the FieldFox RF OUT port. Do NOT connect the DUT.

2. Press Preset

3. Then Mode

4. Then Meas 1

5. Press Freq/Dist

can optionally set the Start Distance

6. Press Cal 5

“How to Perform a Calibration” on page 125.

then Preset to return the FieldFox to the default settings.

then CAT.

then DTF.

, then Stop Distance and enter the length of the DUT. You

and follow the Cal prompts. Learn all about Calibration in

7. Disconnect any components or antenna that should NOT be measured and connect a LOAD at the end of the DUT.

8. Press Meas Setup 4

62 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

then DTF Cable Specifications.

DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements How to make DTF Measurements

9. Either press Edit/Save/Recall Cables then Recall Cable, or directly enter the Velocity Factor/Cable Loss of the DUT using the Velocity Facto

Cable Loss

keys.

r and

10. Connect the start end of the DUT to the FieldFox.

11. Press Meas Setup 4

then Settings then Next Page. If the Alias-free Range

setting is False, then you may see Alias faults on the screen. Learn more on page 71.

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 63

DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements DTF Measurement Settings

DTF Measurement Settings

DTF Settings Table

You can set and view all of the DTF settings, including some calculated values, on the DTF Settings table. Learn about the calculated values in “Calculated

DTF values” on page 71.

How to make settings on the DTF settings table

—Press Meas Setup 4.

—Then Settings

—Press Next Page

— To change a setting:

— Use the arrows or rotary knob to highlight a setting.

— Numeric settings can be changed by pressing numbers using the

numeric keypad. Then press Enter or select a suffix if available.

— Other settings require you to press Edit

change the value.

— When finished changing a value, press Done Edit

—Press Dock Window

the trace window. The setting persists through a Preset. Choose from the following:

— Full (Default setting) Only the Settings table is shown on the screen.

The trace window is temporarily not shown.

— Left The Settings table is shown to the left of the trace window.

— Bottom The Settings table is shown below the trace window.

and Previous Page to view all settings.

, then press a softkey to

to relocate the Settings table to a position relative to

— When finished changing ALL settings, press Done

to save your settings.

DTF Measurement (Format)

You can select from 3 different DTF Formats.

—Press Measure 1

— Then choose from:

— Distance to Fault (dB)

loss format, expressed as a positive number in dB.

— DTF (VSWR)

about SWR at the FieldFox Supplemental Online Help:

http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupHelp/FieldFox.ht m

64 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

Faults are displayed on the Y-axis in return

Faults are displayed on the Y-axis in SWR. Learn more

DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements DTF Measurement Settings

— More then DTF (Lin) Faults are displayed on the Y-axis in linear

(unitless) format.

DTF Start and Stop Distance

In DTF measurements, you set the physical length of cable or other device to be tested. The FieldFox calculates the frequency range of the measurement from this distance. The longer the cable to be tested, the lower the frequencies that are used. You can also set the frequencies manually using the Frequency Mode [Bandpass] setting.

How to set Start and Stop Distance

— With a DTF measurement present, press Freq/Dist.

— Then choose from the following:

— Start Distance

— Stop Distance

Frequency Mode

All DTF measurements are made with frequency settings and, using Inverse Fourier Transform (IFT), the time and distance to faults are calculated.

The start and stop frequencies for the measurement are always annotated on the screen below the start and stop distances.

How to set Frequency Mode

With a DTF measurement present,

—Press Meas Setup 4

Enter a value using the numeric keypad, the

arrows, or the rotary knob, then Enter is set to 0 Meters. This means that the measurement will display faults starting at the point at which calibration standards are connected.

Enter a value between the start distance and 5 km (or

16,404 ft.) using the numeric keypad, the arrows, or the rotary knob, then Enter

. By default, the Start Distance

—Then Frequency Mode

— Choose one of the following:

— Lowpass

automatically based on the Start and Stop Distances. Use Lowpass mode when the DUT is a cable ONLY.

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 65

The frequency range of a DTF measurement is set

DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements DTF Measurement Settings

— Bandpass (Default setting) The frequency range of a DTF

measurement is set manually. Use Bandpass mode when the DUT contains a diplexer or other filtering device which does not pass some frequencies.

Typically, you will set the frequency range of the measurement to the passband of the filter. However, you may also want to test the ability of the filter to reject unwanted frequencies. In this case, set the frequency range to include those frequencies which the filter may not be adequately rejecting.

How to manually set Frequencies in Bandpass Mode

—Press Freq/Dist

—Then Min Start Freq

measurement.

—Then Max Stop Freq

measurement.

—OR

—Press More

—Then Max Freq Span and type the frequency range to use for the DTF

measurement.

—Then Center Frequency

for the DTF measurement.

When the DTF frequencies are set manually, they may not be the optimum frequencies for measuring the distance to fault. The distance may no longer be alias-free. Learn more about alias-free range on page 71.

These settings specify the minimum and maximum frequencies to be used for the DTF measurement. These exact frequencies may not be used, but a narrower frequency range may be used that will still pass through the bandpass filter.

Coupled Frequency

and type the start frequency to use for the DTF

and type the stop frequency to use for the DTF

and type the center frequency of the range to use

When a Return Loss & DTF measurement is present, this setting allows you to have different frequency ranges for each measurement. Learn more in

“Coupled Frequency” on page 56.

66 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements DTF Measurement Settings

Cable (Correction) Specifications

By default, the FieldFox does NOT correct DTF measurements to account for the inherent loss of a cable. However, to make more accurate DTF measurements, the Cable Loss and Velocity Factor values should be considered.

The following describes Coax Media type. However, you can create or edit Waveguide Media Standards. Learn how in “Waveguide Calibrations” on

page 137

About Velocity Factor and Cable Loss

— Velocity Factor is a property of the physical material of a cable. A VF of 1.0

corresponds to the speed of light in a vacuum, or the fastest VF possible. A polyethylene dielectric cable has VF = 0.66 and a cable with PTFE dielectric has VF = 0.7.

— Cable Loss is specified in dB/meter. In addition to the length of the cable,

loss is also directly proportional to the frequency of the signal that passes through the cable.

The following is an example showing how DTF cable correction works:

The DUT is a 100 meter transmission cable. The Cable Loss value is

0.1 dB/meter. This means that a signal traveling ONE WAY through the cable

will lose 10 dB of power (100 m * 1dB/m). Because the FieldFox performs this measurement with 1 port, the test signal travels down the cable and then back, for a total loss of 20 dB.

After a calibration has been performed, for the purpose of illustrating this point, connect an OPEN to the end of the cable – a maximum-sized fault - for 100% reflection of the 300 MHz test signal.

Without compensation for the loss of the cable, a –20 dB response would be visible at 100 meters, which is the OPEN at the end of the DUT. This is from 10 dB of loss through the cable in each direction.

With compensation for the loss using the manufacturer’s specification, the FieldFox compensates the trace as though the signal traveling through 100 meters was increased by +20 dB. Therefore the response will show 0 dB for 100% reflection.

How to enter Cable Loss and Velocity Factor

Cable Loss and Velocity factor can be entered using one of the following methods:

— Manually enter cable loss and velocity factor for the measurement.

— Select or create a cable file which contains the cable loss and velocity

factor.

With a DTF measurement present:

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 67

DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements DTF Measurement Settings

—Press Meas Setup 4.

—Then DTF Cable Specifications

— Select Cable Corr

— Auto Use Cable Loss and Velocity Factor values from a Cable file. See

“How to Edit, Save, and Recall a Cable File” below. This will overwrite a manually-entered value.

— Man

(Default setting) Manually enter a value for Cable Loss and

Velocity Factor.

—Then:

— Velocity Factor

0.01 and 1. Then press Enter

— Cable Loss

value in dB/m, then press Enter

Using the numeric keypad, enter a value between

Using the numeric keypad, enter a positive Cable Loss

How to Edit a Cable File

The FieldFox includes many predefined cable files with the manufacturer’s specifications. You can edit these files or create new cable files using the following procedure or using the FieldFox Data Link Software.

The Cable correction data survives a Mode Preset and Preset.

With a DTF measurement present:

—Press Meas Setup 4

—Then DTF Cable Specifications

—Then Edit/Save/Recall Cables

—Press New Cable

then Yes to clear all data from the existing DTF Cable

table and reset header information to default settings.

—Then Edit Cable

to open the Cable Editor.

— Then use the arrows to select a field,

— When editing Cable Description information, press Edit

then modify

the selected field using the FieldFox labeler.

— When editing Frequency/Loss pairs, enter numbers using the

numeric keypad, then select a frequency suffix. Then Enter

. Learn

more about “How the Freq/Loss pairs are applied” below.

— Optionally choose from the following:

— Previous / Next Page

Quickly scrolls through pages of Freq/Loss

data.

— Add Data

68 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

Add a blank Freq/Loss pair to the table,

DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements DTF Measurement Settings

— Delete/Clear then:

— Delete Row

— Clear All

Remove the selected Freq/Loss pair from the table.

then Yes. Remove all Freq/Loss pairs from the table and

resets header information

—Press Done

to close the Cable Editor.

How to Save or Recall a Cable

—Press Save Cable to saves your changes to the specified Storage Device.

Enter a filename using the FieldFox labeler (learn more on “How to use the

FieldFox labeler ” on page 718). Learn more about Cable files below.

—Press Recall Cable

— Storage Device

to load a Cable file from the specified Storage Device

Changes the device used to save or recall Cable files. This

is a different setting from the Save/Recall Storage Device setting. Choose from Internal (default setting), USB (must be connected) or SD card.

About Cable files

— Cable files are saved to, and recalled from, the Cables folder. If the folder

does not already exist on a USB or SD card, it is created automatically before storing the file.

— Cable files are stored as *.xml files. Existing cable files that are preloaded

into the FieldFox firmware can be overwritten. Your edited file will NOT be overwritten when firmware is updated.

—To DELETE a Cable file, use the Manage Files feature. Learn more in

“Manage Files” on page 724.

How the Freq/Loss pairs are applied

When the cable file contains one Freq/Loss pair, that correction value is applied to the entire displayed frequency span.

When the cable file contains two or more Freq/Loss pairs, the Loss value that is used is interpolated from the Freq/Loss pairs and the DTF center frequency. For example, using a cable file with the following Freq/Loss pairs:

1 GHz: 0.1 dB/m

2 GHz: 0.2 dB/m

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 69

DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements DTF Measurement Settings

The center frequency for the measurement is determined from the calculated (Stop – Start) frequency values (seen on the second page of DTF Settings):

Calculated Start = 2.0 MHz

Calculated Stop = 3.598 GHz

Center Freq = 1.80 GHz

The Loss value for the measurement is interpolated from the Freq/Loss pairs at the Center Freq:

1 GHz = 0.1 dB/m

1.8 GHz = 0.18 dB/m

2 GHz = 0.2 dB/m

The correction for loss at 5 meters in one direction: 0.18 dB/m * 5m = 0.9 dB.

All DTF measurements correct for loss for travel down the DUT and back, so double the correction: 0.9 dB * 2 = 1.8 dB.

Window Settings

Window settings provide the ability to choose between optimizing DTF measurements for resolving closely-spaced faults or for the ability to measure low-level faults.

How to select Window settings

—Press Meas Setup 4.

—Then Settings

— Then press arrows to move to the Window row.

—Then press Edit

—Then press Window

— Maximum

is lowered to provide the ability to measure low-level responses. (Default setting)

— Medium

settings.

— Minimum

between two closely-spaced responses.

and choose from the following:

(Maximum – Optimized for dynamic range) the noise floor

– Compromise between Minimum and Maximum window

– Best Response Resolution, providing the ability to resolve

—Then press Done Edi

—Again press Done

70 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements DTF Measurement Settings

DTF Units

The DTF Units setting is available ONLY on the DTF Settings table.

By default, X-axis units for DTF measurement settings are displayed in Meters.

How to change DTF units

— With a DTF measurement present, press Freq/Dist.

—Then More

— The current selection is underlined m (meters) Feet

then Distance Unit m feet.

Calculated DTF values

Press Next Page on the DTF Settings Table to view the following calculated

Values noted on the FieldFox screen with c - <setting>

Start Frequency – Start frequency that is used to calculate DTF.

Stop Frequency – Stop frequency that is used to calculate DTF.

Range Resolution. Indicates the accuracy of the distance to fault

measurement. For example, with range resolution of 500 mm, if the distance to fault is 10 meters, this value could be inaccurate by +/- 500 mm or between

9.5 to 10.5 meters. This value is calculated from frequency span / resolution

(points).

Response Resolution, not displayed, indicates the distance that could be between two faults and still show as separate faults. Learn more in “Window

Settings” on page 70.

Maximum Distance. The distance that could be viewed with the current settings. Defined by: Vf*c*Points/(2*Bandwidth) where:

— Vf = velocity factor

— c = speed of light

— Points = resolution

— Bandwidth = frequency range

Alias-free Range (On/Off)

—On = No Alias images

— Off = Alias images may appear in the response.

About Alias Faults

An alias fault is not a true device response. An alias fault appears because of the method used to convert frequency to time.

On the DTF Settings page (above) the c - Alias-free Range = Off setting indicates alias images MAY appear on the screen.

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 71

DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements DTF Measurement Settings

Shorter stop distances (less than 10 meters) and a higher resolution (1001 points) will be more likely to result in Alias-free Range = Off.

When the Alias-free Range = Off, the following procedure will help to determine if a response is true or an alias response:

1. Put a marker on the response in question and note the distance to the fault.

2. Change the start or stop distance.

A true fault response will not move in distance. That is, if a true fault is present at 10.3 meters, changing the stop distance from 15 m to 20 m will not move the fault; the fault will remain at 10.3 meters. However, an alias response will appear to move.

An un-terminated cable (with NO perfect load at the end) will show faults that appear to be beyond the end of the cable. These are NOT alias faults. These faults appear as the signal reflects off the open at the end of the cable and travels back down the cable toward the connection at the FieldFox. Re-reflections are measured at the FieldFox as mirror images of the original faults. The largest fault is the open end of the cable. To avoid confusion, set the Stop distance shortly after that fault.

72 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

Keysight Handheld Analyzers N99xxB User’s Guide

5 TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215

CAT Mode Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) measurements are generally used to locate problems, and identify the type of problem, in a length of cable or transmission line.

Settings that are NOT unique to TDR measurements are documented in

Chapter 3, “CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode”, on page 47.

In this chapter, the cable to be tested is referred to as the DUT (Device Under Test) .

In this Chapter

“TDR Measurement (Format)” on page 76

“TDR Settings Table” on page 76

“TDR Start and Stop Distance” on page 77

“TDR Sweep” on page 77

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215

“Frequency Mode” on page 78

“Cable (Correction) Specifications” on page 79

“Window Settings” on page 82

“TDR Units” on page 83

“Calculated TDR values” on page 83

“About Alias Faults” on page 84

“How to Prevent Undersampling” on page 85

Optional Settings

“All about Markers” on page 638

“All about Limit Lines” on page 653

“Saving and Recalling Files” on page 716

Trace Math is NOT available in DTF Measurements.

How to make TDR Measurements

Before starting, you may need the following:

— Jumper cable or adapter to connect the beginning of the DUT to the

FieldFox.

— LOAD with correct connector type and gender to terminate the end of the

DUT (if possible).

— The known length and cable type of the DUT. If the cable type is not known,

then the Cable Loss (dB/Meter) and Velocity Factor of the DUT are required.

1. Connect any necessary jumper cable or adapter to the FieldFox RF

OUT port. Do NOT connect the DUT.

2. Press Preset

3. Then Mode

4. Then Meas 1

5. Press Freq/Dist

then Preset to return the FieldFox to the default settings.

then CAT/TDR.

then More then DTF (Lin) or TDR (Lin rho) or (ohm).

, then Stop Distance and enter the length of the DUT. You

can optionally set the Start Distance

6. Press Cal 5

and follow the Cal prompts. Learn all about Calibration in

“How to Perform a Calibration” on page 125.

7. Disconnect any components or antenna that should NOT be measured and connect a LOAD at the end of the DUT.

8. Press Meas Setup 4

74 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

then DTF Cable Specifications.

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215

9. Either press Edit/Save/Recall Cables then Recall Cable, or directly enter the Velocity Factor/Cable Loss of the DUT using the Velocity Facto

Cable Loss

keys.

r and

10. Connect the start end of the DUT to the FieldFox.

11. Press Meas Setup 4

then Settings then Next Page. If the Alias-free Range

setting is Off, then you may see Alias faults on the screen. Learn more in

“About Alias Faults” on page 84

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 75

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215 TDR Measurement Settings

TDR Measurement Settings

Select CAT Mode, then TDR before making any setting in this chapter.

How to select CAT Mode

—Press Mode

—Then CAT/TDR

TDR Measurement (Format)

You can select from 3 different TDR Formats.

—Press Measure 1

—Then More

— Then choose from:

— TDR (Lin rho)

A trace without reflections shows as 0 (zero). Maximum reflections from an open or short show as 1.

— TDR (ohm)

— DTF (Lin)

X-Axis displays distance to fault in meters.

— TDR & DTF TDR and DTF are displayed.

The Y-axis of the display is linear, real, unitless values.

The Y-axis of the display is impedance (ohms).m

The Y-axis of the display is linear, real, unitless values.

TDR Settings Table

You can set and view all of the TDR settings, including some calculated values, on the TDR Settings table. Learn more in “Calculated TDR values” on page 83.

How to make settings on the TDR settings table

—Press Meas Setup 4.

—Then Settings

—Press Next Page

— To change a setting:

— Use the arrows or rotary knob to highlight a setting.

— Numeric settings can be changed by pressing numbers using the

numeric keypad. Then press Enter or select a suffix if available.

— Other settings require you to press Edit

change the value.

— When finished changing a value, press Done Edit

and Previous Page to view all settings.

, then press a softkey to

76 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215 TDR Measurement Settings

—Press Dock Window to relocate the Settings table to a position relative to

the trace window. The setting persists through a Preset. Choose from the following:

— Full (Default setting) Only the Settings table is shown on the screen.

The trace window is temporarily not shown.

— Left The Settings table is shown to the left of the trace window.

— Bottom The Settings table is shown below the trace window.

— When finished changing ALL settings, press Done

The following TDR settings are available ONLY on the settings table:

Mkr Format – The format of marker readout. Choose from:

— Z Magnitude – Impedance (magnitude only)

— Default – The current TDR measurement format.

Auto: Max Freq – When TDR Sweep is set to Auto, this is the maximum stop frequency of the measurement. The minimum value of this setting is 100 MHz.

TDR Start and Stop Distance

In TDR measurements, you set the physical length of the DUT. The FieldFox calculates the frequency range of the measurement from this distance. The longer the DUT, the lower the frequencies that are used.

You can NOT set the frequencies manually in TDR. However, you CAN limit the maximum frequency using the TDR Sweep setting. Learn more in “TDR Sweep”

on page 77.

How to set Start and Stop Distance

— With a TDR measurement present, press Freq/Dist.

to save your settings.

— Then choose from the following:

— Start Distance

arrows, or the rotary knob, then Enter is set to 0 Meters. This means that the measurement will display faults starting at the point at which calibration standards are connected.

— Stop Distance

16,404 ft.) using the numeric keypad, the arrows, or the rotary knob, then Enter

Enter a value using the numeric keypad, the

. By default, the Start Distance

Enter a value between the start distance and 5 km (or

TDR Sweep

This setting allows you to choose the method by which the Stop Frequency and Resolution are set.

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 77

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215 TDR Measurement Settings

—Press Sweep 3

—Then TDR Sweep

— Choose one of the following:

— Auto

current number of points. The Stop Frequency and Resolution settings can be changed to any value.

— Cable

under-sampling is suspected. The Stop Frequency is limited to 500 MHz maximum. The Resolution is fixed to 1601.

Because of its greater measurement accuracy, Cable is the default setting. Refer to “Preferences” on page 678.

Frequency Mode

All TDR measurements are made with frequency settings and, using Inverse Fourier Transform (IFT), the time and distance to faults are calculated.

The start and stop frequencies for the measurement are always annotated on the screen below the start and stop distances.

Low pass frequency settings are calculated based on the

——To set Stop Frequency, press Meas 4

scroll to Auto: Max Freq.

——To set Resolution, press Sweep 3

Provides a higher resolution measurement. Use when

, then Settings, then

, then Resolution.

How to set Frequency Mode

With a TDR measurement present,

—Press Meas Setup 4

—Then Freq Mode

— Choose one of the following:

— Lowpass

automatically based on the Start and Stop Distances. Use Lowpass mode when the DUT is a cable ONLY.

— Bandpass

is NOT ALLOWED with TDR because the DC component is required for TDR measurements.

The frequency range of a TDR measurement is set

This setting changes the measurement to DTF. Bandpass

78 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215 TDR Measurement Settings

Cable (Correction) Specifications

By default, the FieldFox does NOT correct TDR measurements to account for the inherent loss of a cable. However, to make more accurate TDR measurements, the Cable Loss and Velocity Factor values should be considered.

The following describes Coax Media type. Waveguide Media can NOT be measured with TDR as waveguide is inherently a high pass device.

About Velocity Factor and Cable Loss

— Velocity Factor is a property of the physical material of a cable. A VF of 1.0

corresponds to the speed of light in a vacuum, or the fastest VF possible. A polyethylene dielectric cable has VF = 0.66 and a cable with PTFE dielectric has VF = 0.7.

— Cable Loss is specified in dB/meter. In addition to the length of the cable,

loss is also directly proportional to the frequency of the signal that passes through the cable.

The following is an example showing how DTF cable correction works:

The DUT is a 100 meter transmission cable. The Cable Loss value is 0.1 dB/meter. This means that a signal traveling ONE WAY through the cable will lose 10 dB of power (100 m * 1dB/m). Because the FieldFox performs this measurement with 1 port, the test signal travels down the cable and then back, for a total loss of 20 dB.

After a calibration has been performed, for the purpose of illustrating this point, connect an OPEN to the end of the cable – a maximum-sized fault - for 100% reflection of the 300 MHz test signal.

How to enter Cable Loss and Velocity Factor

Cable Loss and Velocity factor can be entered using one of the following methods:

— Manually enter cable loss and velocity factor for the measurement.

— Select or create a cable file which contains the cable loss and velocity

factor.

With a TDR measurement present:

—Press Meas Setup 4

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 79

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215 TDR Measurement Settings

—Then DTF Cable Specifications

— Select Cable Corr

— Auto Use Cable Loss and Velocity Factor values from a Cable file. See

“How to Edit, Save, and Recall a Cable File” below. This will overwrite a manually-entered value.

— Man

(Default setting) Manually enter a value for Cable Loss and

Velocity Factor.

—Then:

— Velocity Factor

0.01 and 1. Then press Enter

— Cable Loss

value in dB/m, then press Enter

Using the numeric keypad, enter a value between

Using the numeric keypad, enter a positive Cable Loss

How to Edit a Cable File

The Cable correction data survives a Mode Preset and Preset.

With a TDR measurement present:

—Press Meas Setup 4

—Then DTF Cable Specifications

—Then Edit/Save/Recall Cables

—Press New Cable

then Yes to clear all data from the existing DTF Cable

table and reset header information to default settings.

—Then Edit Cable

to open the Cable Editor.

— Then use the arrows to select a field,

— When editing Cable Description information, press Edit

then modify

the selected field using the FieldFox labeler.

— When editing Frequency/Loss pairs, enter numbers using the

numeric keypad, then select a frequency suffix. Then Enter

. Learn

more about “How the Freq/Loss pairs are applied” below.

— Optionally choose from the following:

— Previous / Next Page

Quickly scrolls through pages of Freq/Loss

data.

— Add Data

— Delete/Clear

— Delete Row

80 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

Add a blank Freq/Loss pair to the table,

then:

Remove the selected Freq/Loss pair from the table.

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215 TDR Measurement Settings

— Clear All then Yes. Remove all Freq/Loss pairs from the table and

resets header information

— Press Done to close the Cable Editor.

How to Save or Recall a Cable

—Press Save Cable to save your changes to the specified Storage Device.

Enter a filename using the FieldFox labeler (see “How to use the FieldFox

labeler ” on page 718. Learn more about Cable files below

—Press Recall Cable

— Storage Device

to load a Cable file from the specified Storage Device

Changes the device used to save or recall Cable files. This

is a different setting from the Save/Recall Storage Device setting. Choose from Internal (default setting), USB (must be connected) or SD card.

About Cable files

— Cable files are saved to, and recalled from, the Cables folder. If the folder

does not already exist on a USB or SD card, it is created automatically before storing the file.

— Cable files are stored as *.xml files. Existing cable files that are preloaded

into the FieldFox firmware can be overwritten. Your edited file will NOT be overwritten when firmware is updated.

—To DELETE a Cable file, use the Manage Files feature. Learn more in

“Manage Files” on page 724.

How the Freq/Loss pairs are applied

When the cable file contains one Freq/Loss pair, that correction value is applied to the entire displayed frequency span.

When the cable file contains two or more Freq/Loss pairs, the Loss value that is used is interpolated from the Freq/Loss pairs and the TDR center frequency. For example, using a cable file with the following Freq/Loss pairs:

1 GHz: 0.1 dB/m

2 GHz: 0.2 dB/m

The center frequency for the measurement is determined from the calculated (Stop – Start) frequency values (seen on the second page of TDR Settings):

Calculated Start = 2.0 MHz

Calculated Stop = 3.598 GHz

Center Freq = 1.80 GHz

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TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215 TDR Measurement Settings

The Loss value for the measurement is interpolated from the Freq/Loss pairs at the Center Freq:

1 GHz = 0.1 dB/m

1.8 GHz = 0.18 dB/m

2 GHz = 0.2 dB/m

The correction for loss at 5 meters in one direction: 0.18 dB/m * 5m = 0.9 dB.

All TDR measurements correct for loss for travel down the DUT and back, so double the correction: 0.9 dB * 2 = 1.8 dB.

Window Settings

Window settings provide the ability to choose between optimizing TDR measurements for resolving closely-spaced faults or for the ability to measure low-level faults.

How to select Window settings

—Press Meas Setup 4.

—Then Settings

— Then press arrows to move to the Window row.

—Then press Edit

—Then press Window

— Maximum

and choose from the following:

(Maximum – Optimized for dynamic range) the noise floor

is lowered to provide the ability to measure low-level responses. (Default setting)

— Medium

— Minimum

– Compromise between Min and Max window settings.

– Best Response Resolution, providing the ability to resolve

between two closely-spaced responses.

—Then press Done Edit

—Again press Done

82 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215 TDR Measurement Settings

Network Analyzer Windows Frequency Span and TDR Window Selection for Step Rise Time (Approximated)

The following table shows the approximated relationship between the frequency span and the window selection for impulse width and step rise time. Refer to Figure 5-1 on page 83.

Window Low-pass step

(10% to 90%)

Minimum 0.45/ f span 0.60 / f span 1.20 / f span

Medium 0.99 / f span 0.98 / f span 1.95 / f span

Maximum 1.48 / f span 1.39 / f span 2.77 / f span

Figure 5-1 Network Analyzer TDR Rise Time

Low-pass impulse Bandpass impulse

TDR Units

By default, X-axis units for TDR measurement settings are displayed in Meters.

How to change TDR units

— With a TDR measurement present, press Freq/Dist

—Then More

then Distance Unit m feet.

— The current selection is underlined m (meters) Feet

The TDR Units setting is also available on the TDR Settings table.

Calculated TDR values

Press Next Page on the TDR Settings Table to view the following calculated Values noted on the FieldFox screen with c - <setting>

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 83

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215 TDR Measurement Settings

Start Frequency – Start frequency that is used to calculate TDR.

Stop Frequency – Stop frequency that is used to calculate TDR.

Range Resolution. Indicates the accuracy of the distance to fault

measurement. For example, with range resolution of 500 mm, if the distance to fault is 10 meters, this value could be inaccurate by +/- 500 mm or between

9.5 to 10.5 meters. This value is calculated from frequency span / resolution

(points).

Response Resolution, not displayed, indicates the distance that could be between two faults and still show as separate faults. Learn more in Window Settings in “Window Settings” on page 82.

Maximum Distance. The distance that could be viewed with the current settings. Defined by: Vf*c*Points/(2*Bandwidth) where:

— Vf = velocity factor

— c = speed of light

— Points = resolution

— Bandwidth = frequency range

Alias-free Range (On/Off)

—On = No Alias images

— Off = Alias images may appear in the response.

About Alias Faults

An alias fault is not a true device response. An alias fault appears because of the method used to convert frequency to time.

On the TDR Settings page (above) the c - Alias-free Range = Off setting indicates alias images MAY appear on the screen.

Shorter stop distances (less than 10 meters) and a higher resolution (1001 points) will be more likely to result in Alias-free Range = Off.

When the Alias-free Range = Off, the following procedure will help to determine if a response is true or an alias response:

1. Put a marker on the response in question and note the distance to the fault.

2. Change the start or stop distance.

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TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215 TDR Measurement Settings

How to Prevent Undersampling

Undersampling is when the TDR measurement is inaccurate because the frequency step size (resolution) is too large. The predominant symptom of this is when the measured impedance is incorrect. For example, when measuring a 75Ω cable, a marker that is on a part of the trace without reflections shows 56Ω.

To prevent undersampling, set TDR Sweep to Cable. If undersampling still occurs, set TDR Sweep to Auto. Then set Auto Max Frequency to a lower value. Manually increase the Resolution so that the Start Frequency setting is less than about 500 kHz.

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 85

TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215 TDR Measurement Settings

86 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

Keysight Handheld Analyzers N99xxB User’s Guide

6 NA (Network Analyzer) Mode

Learn more about NA Mode measurements in the FieldFox Supplemental Online Help:

http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupHelp/FieldFox.htm.

In this Chapter

“About S-parameters” on page 89

“Mixed-Mode S-Parameters” on page 90

“Parameter Conversion” on page 91

“Receiver Measurements” on page 92

“Multi-Trace Configurations” on page 93

“Quick Settings” on page 94

“Calibration Settings” on page 95

“Format” on page 96

“Frequency Range” on page 97

“Scale Settings” on page 97

“Magnitude Offset” on page 98

“Electrical Delay” on page 99

“Phase Offset” on page 99

“Averaging” on page 100

“IF Bandwidth” on page 101

“Smoothing” on page 101

“Single or Continuous Measure” on page 102

“Resolution (Number of Data Points)” on page 102

“Sweep Time” on page 103

“Output Power” on page 105

“System Impedance (Z0)” on page 106

NA (Network Analyzer) Mode

“Port Extensions” on page 106

“Velocity Factor” on page 107

“Increase Dynamic Range” on page 110

NA Mode Settings

Select NA Mode before making any setting in this chapter.

How to select NA Mode

—Press Mode_

—Then NA

About S-parameters

S-parameters (scattering parameters) are used to describe the way a device modifies a signal. The FieldFox can measure four S-parameters. The syntax for each parameter is described by the following:

S (out | in)

out = FieldFox receiver port

in = FieldFox source port

The FieldFox automatically switches the internal source and receivers to make both forward and reverse measurements. Therefore, the FieldFox can measure all four S-parameters with a single connection

When the source comes from port 1, the measurement is said to be in the forward direction

When the source comes from port 2, the measurement is said to be in the reverse direction

S11 and S22 reflection measurements are used to measure the amount of reflections off the corresponding DUT port. Low reflections means there is a good impedance match between the source and DUT.

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 89

NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

S21 and S12 transmission measurements are used to measure the loss or gain through a DUT over a specified frequency range. Both ends of the DUT must be connected to the FieldFox. The FieldFox signal source is transmitted out one of the test port connectors, through the DUT, and into the other test port connector

How to measure S-parameters

1. Press Preset then Mode Preset (Factory)

2. Press Measure 1 then choose from the following:

— S11

— S21

— S12

— S22

OR select a multi-trace configuration. Learn more on “Multi-Trace

Configurations” on page 93

3. Press Freq/Dist Frequency Range for the measurement.

4. Press BW 2 Narrower bandwidths require more time to sweep, but lowers trace noise.

5. Press Sweep 3 measurement. More data points require more time to sweep.

6. Press Cal 5

a Calibration” on page 125.

7. All other settings can be made AFTER calibration without compromising measurement accuracy.

Reflection measurement at port 1.

Forward 2-port transmission measurement.

Reverse 2-port transmission measurement. May require an

option.

Reflection measurement at port 2. May require an option.

then either Start and Stop or Center and Span to enter a

then IFBW to select the IF Bandwidth for the measurement.

then Resolution to select the number of data points for the

to calibrate the measurement. Learn more in “How to Perform

Mixed-Mode S-Parameters

In NA Mode ONLY, mixed-mode S-parameters (also known as Balanced measurements) are available with Option 212.

Because the FieldFox has only two test ports, only reflection measurements are available. Connect the balanced input or output of your DUT to the FieldFox ports 1 and 2

For highest accuracy, a Full 2-port calibration is required.

90 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

All FieldFox settings and features are supported (except Parameter Conversion) with mixed-mode S-parameters.

Learn more about Balanced Measurements with the FieldFox in the FieldFox Supplemental Online Help:

http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupHelp/FieldFox.htm

How to make mixed-mode S-parameter measurements

—Press Measure 1.

—Then More

— Then choose from the following:

— Scc11

— Sdd11

— Sdc11

— Scd11

To make balanced reflection measurements at the DUT output, connect the DUT output to the FieldFox ports.

Common reflect/common incident for logical port 1.

Differential reflect/differential incident for logical port 1.

Differential reflect/common incident for logical port 1.

Common reflect/differential incident for logical port 1.

Parameter Conversion

In NA Mode ONLY, converts the active S-parameter trace to an equivalent impedance (Z), admittance (Y), or reciprocal 1/S-parameter

How to select parameter conversions

—Press Measure 1

—Then select an S-parameter

—Then More

—Then Conversion

— Then choose from the following:

(default) No conversion is performed.

—Off

—Z Conv (--) or Y Conv (--)

admittance (Y). Then choose from the following for either:

——Auto

——Refl

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 91

The displayed S-parameter is converted to the appropriate Z or Y parameter: Refl for S11 and S22; Trans for S21 and S12. When the S-parameter is changed, the appropriate conversion changes automatically.

The displayed S-parameter is converted to Z or Y reflection, regardless of whether the S-parameter is reflection (S11 or S22) or transmission (S21 or S12).

Perform conversion for impedance (Z) or

NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

——Trans The displayed S-parameter is converted to Z or Y

transmission, regardless of whether the S-parameter is reflection (S11 or S22) or transmission (S21 or S12).

—1/1/S

The displayed S-parameter is converted to 1/S-parameter.

Receiver Measurements

In NA Mode ONLY, you can make unratioed, uncorrected receiver measurements. These measurements are typically used as diagnostic tools for service personnel.

Receiver measurements are NOT corrected for absolute power. They are only useful for making relative measurements. The Y-Axis and markers are labeled in dB - NOT dBm. Specifically, R1 and R2, do NOT indicate the actual power levels out of the source ports.

How to make receiver measurements

—Press Measure 1

—Then More

— Then choose from the following:

A Port-1 test port (*1) B Port-2 test port (*2)

R1 Port-1 reference receiver (*1) R2 Port-2 reference receiver (*2)

, then Advanced

(*) indicates the Auto-selected source port for the measurement

Source Port The FieldFox port to provide the source signal. Choose from the

following:

—Auto The FieldFox sets the source port based on the selected receiver.

—Port 1

—Port 2

Select when measuring transmission at B receiver.

Select when measuring reverse transmission at A receiver.

Learn more about Raw Receiver Measurements at the FieldFox Supplemental Online Help:

http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupHelp/FieldFox.htm

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NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

Multi-Trace Configurations

In NA Mode you can display multiple traces on the FieldFox screen.

The graphic above shows a x3H configuration. Tr2 is the ACTIVE trace as indicated by the highlighted Tr2.

Trace Setting Notes

— The Frequency Range, IF BW, Resolution, Average, and Output Power

settings are common for all displayed traces.

— All other trace settings, such as measurement, format, and limit lines, are

applied individually to the ACTIVE trace in the same manner as when a single trace is present.

IMPORTANT! For CAT and NA modes, limit lines do not apply where F1 = F2.

— By default, a marker is created on ALL traces. However, they can be created

individually by disabling Coupled Markers. Learn more in “Coupled Markers

(NA Mode)” on page 641.

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 93

NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

How to select a multi-trace configuration

—Press Trace 6

—Then Num of Traces

— Then choose from the following:

The default measurements depend on the options that are installed

x2H

x3H

x4H

1 trace standard configuration

2 traces overlayed on a single graticule

2 traces on separate graticules

3 traces on separate graticules

3 traces overlayed on a single graticule

4 traces overlayed on a single graticule

4 traces on separate graticules

How to activate a trace in order to change a setting

—Use the arrows OR

—Press Trace 6

then select Trace 1, Trace 2, Trace 3, or Trace 4, Only traces

that are shown can be activated.

How to maximize the viewing of the active trace

—Press System 7

—Then Full Screen.

— Press any key to return to the standard display.

Quick Settings

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NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

How to view and change Quick Settings

—Press Meas Setup 4

—Then Settings

—Press Next Page

and Previous Page to view all settings. If these softkeys

are NOT available, then all available settings fit on one page.

— To change a setting:

—Use the arrows to highlight a setting.

—Then press Edit

. The current setting changes to yellow.

—Some settings require you to press a softkey to change the value.

Otherwise, use the numeric keypad, arrows, or rotary knob to change the value.

—When finished changing a value, press Done Edit

—Press Dock Window

to relocate the Settings table to a position relative to

the trace window. The Dock Window setting persists through a Preset. Choose from the following:

—Full (Default setting) Only the Settings table is shown on the screen.

The trace window is temporarily not shown.

—Left The Settings table is shown to the left of the trace window.

—Bottom The Settings table is shown below the trace window.

When finished changing ALL settings, press Done

Calibration Settings

NA Mode has a page specifically for making settings that pertain to Port Extensions, including Velocity Factor and Media Type.

Learn more in “Port Extensions” on page 106.

Learn more about Media Type in “Waveguide Calibrations” on page 137.

How to view and change Calibration Settings

—Press Meas Setup 4

—Then Calibration Settings

— Make these settings in the same manner as Quick Settings in the previous

section.

to save your settings.

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 95

Format

NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

Select the display format in which to present measurement results. This setting can be changed at any time without affecting calibration accuracy.

Learn more about Display Formats in the FieldFox Supplemental Online Help:

http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupHelp/FieldFox.htm

The marker on screen readout can be changed to formats other than the display format. Learn more in “Marker Format” on page 643.

How to select a NA Format

—Press Measure 1

—Then Format [current setting]

— Then choose from the following:

—Log Magnitude

—Linear

Displays positive values only. Y-axis: Unitless (U) for ratioed

Displays magnitude in dB

measurements; Watts (W) for unratioed measurements.

—VSWR

—Phase

Used mainly for S11 and S22. Displays unitless reflection data.

Displays phase in degrees. The trace ‘wraps’ every 360 degrees,

from +180 to –180, for easy scaling.

—Smith

Used mainly for S11 and S22, which are plotted on a Smith

Chart. Displays series resistance and reactance.

— More

—Polar

then…

Used mainly for S11 and S22. Displays magnitude and phase

of the reflection coefficient.

— Group Delay

Used mainly for S21 and S12. Displays signal transmission (propagation) time through a device in seconds. The Group Delay aperture is the current Smoothing aperture. Default is

1.5% of the X-axis.

——Learn how to set Smoothing aperture on “Smoothing” on

page 101.

——Learn more about Group Delay measurements at the FieldFox

Supplemental Online Help:

http://na.support.keysight.com/fieldfox/help/SupHelp/FieldF ox.htm

Displays only the real (resistive) portion of the measured complex

—Real

data. The Y-axis is Unitless. Often used for Time Domain measurements.

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NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

—Imaginary Displays only the reactive portion of the measured complex

data. The Y-axis is Unitless.

—Z Magnitude

—Unwrap Phase

Phase is unwrapped by comparing the phase from one data point to the next. If the phase difference between two data points is greater than 180 degrees, or if the phase of the first data point is greater than 180 degrees from DC, than the phase measurement is probably NOT accurate. To ensure that the phase measurement is accurate, increase the resolution setting. When making a narrow band measurement, reduce the start frequency for the unwrapped phase measurement to ensure the first data point is less than 180 degrees from DC.

Frequency Range

Set the range of frequencies over which you would like to make measurements.

When the frequency range is changed after a calibration is performed, the cal becomes interpolated. Learn more in “Interpolation *” on page 139.

How to set Frequency Range

This can be done in two ways:

Displays the effective impedance in ohms.

Same as Phase, but without 180 degree wrapping.

—Press Freq/Dist

— Then choose from the following:

— Start

— Center

— Follow each by entering a value using the numeric keypad, the arrows,

or the rotary knob.

— After using the arrows or the rotary knob, press Enter

setting of the arrows is based on the current span and can NOT be changed in NA Mode.

— After using the keypad, select a multiplier key. Learn more in “Multiplier

Abbreviations” on page 45.

Scale Settings

Adjust the Y-axis scale to see the relevant portions of the data trace. The Y-axis is divided into 10 graticules.

and Stop frequencies – Specify the beginning and end of the

sweep.

and Span frequencies - Specify the center frequency and

span of frequencies (half on either side of center).

. The increment

This setting can be changed at any time without affecting calibration accuracy.

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 97

NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

How to set Scale

—Press Scale / Amptd

— Then choose from the following method

—Autoscale

Automatically adjusts the Y-axis to comfortably fit the

Minimum and Maximum amplitude of the trace on the screen.

—Autoscale All

Autoscales all of the traces on the screen, useful only for

multi-trace configurations.

—3.Set Scale, acquisition, and Reference Position

——Scale

Manually enter a scale per division to view specific areas

of the trace.

——Ref Level

Manually set the value of the reference line. Enter a

negative value by pressing Run/Hold (+/-) after typing a value.

——Ref Pos

Manually set the position of the reference line. Values

must be between 0 (TOP line) and 10 (BOTTOM line)

Scale annotation on the FieldFox screen

—Reference Line = red arrow

—Ref Level = –40 dB

—Ref Position = 1

—Scale = 2 dB per division

either before or

Magnitude Offset

Magnitude Offset allows you to offset the magnitude (not phase) data by a fixed and/ or sloped value in dB. If the display format is Linear Magnitude or Real (unitless), the conversion from dB is performed and the correct amount of offset is implemented.

The Magnitude offset setting affects only the active trace.

How to set Magnitude Offset

—Press Scale / Amptd

—Then More

—Then Magnitude Offset

value.

98 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

- Offsets the entire data trace by the specified

NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

—Then enter a positive or negative offset value in dB using the numeric

keypad, the arrows, or the rotary knob. Press a multiplier key. Learn about multiplier abbreviations.

—And/or press Slope

with frequency. The offset slope begins at 0 Hz. and continues to the stop frequency. The offset value at the start frequency is then calculated from 0 Hz.

—Then enter a positive or negative offset slope value in dB/GHz using

Electrical Delay

Electrical delay is a mathematical function that simulates a variable length of lossless transmission line. Use the electrical delay feature to compensate for the linear phase shift through a device and view only the deviation from linear phase of the device.

You can set the electrical delay independently for each measurement trace. To apply an electrical delay to all measurement traces, use Port Extensions. Learn how in “Port Extensions” on page 106.

Learn how to set Phase formats in “Phase Offset” on page 99.

How to set Electrical Delay

- Offsets the data trace by a value that changes linearly

the numeric keypad, the arrows, or the rotary knob. Press a multiplier key. Learn about multiplier abbreviations in “Multiplier

Abbreviations” on page 45.

—Press Scale / Amptd

—Then More

—Then Electrical Delay

— Enter a time value using the numeric keypad, the arrows, or the rotary

knob.

— Press a multiplier key. Learn about multiplier abbreviations in “Multiplier

Abbreviations” on page 45.

Electrical Delay can also be set using the Mkr->Delay feature. Learn how on

“Marker Functions” on page 651.

Phase Offset

Phase offset mathematically adjusts the phase measurement by a specified amount, up to 360°. Use this feature in the following ways:

Improve the display of a phase measurement. This is similar to the way you would change the acquisition in an amplitude measurement. Change the phase response to center or the response on the screen.

Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide 99

NA (Network Analyzer) Mode NA Mode Settings

Emulate a projected phase shift in your measurement. For example, if you know that you need to add a cable and that the length of that cable will add a certain phase shift to your measurement, you can use phase offset to add that amount and simulate the complete device measurement.

You can set the phase offset independently for each measurement trace.

How to set Phase Offset

—Press Scale / Amptd

—Then More

—Then Phase Offset

— Enter a value in degrees using the numeric keypad, the arrows, or the

Averaging

Averaging helps to reduce the effects of random noise on a measurement. You specify the number of measurements to be averaged. The more measurements averaged, the greater the amount of noise reduction. An average counter is shown in the left edge of the screen as Avg <n> where <n> is the number of measurements that are averaged.

rotary knob. Press Enter

Averaging can be set before or after calibration. When set before calibration, each calibration standard is measured <n> times and averaged. More time is needed to perform the calibration, but there will be less noise in the resulting error terms which means that subsequent measurements will also have less noise. In addition, noise is further reduced by continuing to average after calibration.

How to set Averaging

—Press BW 2

—Then Average <n>

where <n> is the number of measurements to average.

— Enter a value using the numeric keypad. Enter 1 for NO averaging.

—Press Enter

—Then Average Mode

Choose from the following:

—Sweep - Each data point is based on the average of the same data

point being measured over <n> consecutive sweeps. The average counter shows the number of previous sweeps that have been averaged together to form the current trace. When the counter reaches the specified count, then a ‘running average’ of the last <n> sweeps is displayed.

100 Keysight N9938-90006 User’s Guide

Keysight N9913B, N9914B, N9915B, N9916B, N9917B Users guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Notices

Where to Find the Latest Information

Is your product software up-to-date?

A.12.2x Firmware – Release B Series FieldFox

Contacting Keysight

1Overview

Models and Options

Accessories

Optional Accessories

FieldFox Manuals, Software, and Supplemental Help

Conventions that are used in the Manual

Safety Notes

2 Preparing for Initial Use of Your New FieldFox

Check the Shipment

Meeting Power Requirements for the AC/DC Adapter

Install the Lithium-Ion Battery

Battery Usage

FieldFox ON/OFF Settings

Power Button LED Status

FieldFox High Temperature Protection

How to monitor the internal FieldFox temperature:

Temperature Control Mode

High-Temp Shutdown Warning (RTSA Mode Only)

Avoid Overpowering the FieldFox

Take the FieldFox Tour

Front Panel

Top Panel

Right Side Panel

Left Side Panel

Screen Tour

How to Enter Numeric Values

Multiplier Abbreviations

Connector Care

3 CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mode

CAT Mode Settings

How to select CAT Mode

Measurement Selection

Quick Settings Table

Frequency Range

Scale Settings

Averaging

Smoothing

Single or Continuous Measure

Resolution (Number of Data Points)

Sweep Time

Output Power

Interference Rejection

Coupled Frequency

Return Loss Measurements

How to Measure Return Loss

1-Port Cable Loss Measurements

How to make a 1-port Cable Loss Measurement

2-Port Insertion Loss Measurements

4 DTF (Distance to Fault) Measurements

How to make DTF Measurements

DTF Measurement Settings

DTF Settings Table

DTF Measurement (Format)

DTF Start and Stop Distance

Frequency Mode

Coupled Frequency

Cable (Correction) Specifications

Window Settings

DTF Units

Calculated DTF values

About Alias Faults

5 TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) - Option 215

TDR Measurement Settings

TDR Measurement (Format)

TDR Settings Table

TDR Start and Stop Distance

TDR Sweep

Frequency Mode

Cable (Correction) Specifications

Window Settings

TDR Units