Keysight MSO-X 4022A, MSO-X 4032A, MSO-X 4052A User Guide

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes

User's Guide

Notices

CAUTION

No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Keysight Technologies, Inc. as governed by United States and international copyright laws.

Manual Part Number

54709-97084

Edition

Ninth edition, April 2020

Available in electronic format only Published by:

Keysight Technologies, Inc. 1900 Garden of the Gods Road Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA

Print History

54709-97000, October 2012

54709-97014, February 2013

54709-97026, September 2013

54709-97037, November 2014

54709-97048, July 2016

54709-97061, April 2017

54709-97072, November 2017

54709-97083, May 2019

54709-97084, April 2020

Warranty

The material contained in this document is provided "as is," and is subject to being changed, without notice, in future editions. Further, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, Keysight disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, with regard to this manual and any information contained herein, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability

and fitness for a particular purpose. Keysight shall not be liable for errors or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, use, or performance of this document or of any information contained herein. Should Keysight and the user have a separate written agreement with warranty terms covering the material in this document that conflict with these terms, the warranty terms in the separate agreement shall control.

Technology License

The hardware and/or software described in this document are furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.

U.S. Government Rights

The Software is "commercial computer software," as defined by Federal Acquisition Regulation ("FAR") 2.101. Pursuant to FAR

12.212 and 27.405-3 and Department of Defense FAR Supplement ("DFARS")

227.7202, the U.S. government acquires commercial computer software under the same terms by which the software is customarily provided to the public. Accordingly, Keysight provides the Software to U.S. government customers under its standard commercial license, which is embodied in its End User License Agreement (EULA), a copy of which can be found at

www.keysight.com/find/sweula. The

license set forth in the EULA represents the exclusive authority by which the U.S. government may use, modify, distribute, or disclose the Software. The EULA and the license set forth therein, does not require or permit, among other things, that Keysight: (1) Furnish technical information related to commercial computer software or commercial computer software documentation that is not customarily provided to the public; or (2) Relinquish to, or otherwise provide, the government rights in excess of these rights customarily provided

to the public to use, modify, reproduce, release, perform, display, or disclose commercial computer software or commercial computer software documentation. No additional government requirements beyond those set forth in the EULA shall apply, except to the extent that those terms, rights, or licenses are explicitly required from all providers of commercial computer software pursuant to the FAR and the DFARS and are set forth specifically in writing elsewhere in the EULA. Keysight shall be under no obligation to update, revise or otherwise modify the Software. With respect to any technical data as defined by FAR

2.101, pursuant to FAR 12.211 and 27.404.2 and DFARS 227.7102, the U.S. government acquires no greater than Limited Rights as defined in FAR 27.401 or DFAR 227.7103-5 (c), as applicable in any technical data.

Safety Notices

This product has been designed and tested in accordance with accepted industry standards, and has been supplied in a safe condition. The documentation contains information and warnings that must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the product in a safe condition.

A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to the product or loss of important data. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

2 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

WARNING

A WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury or death. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 3

InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes—At a Glance

Table 1 4000 X-Series Model Numbers, Bandwidths, Sample Rates

Bandwidth 200 MHz 350 MHz 500 MHz 1 GHz 1.5 GHz

Sample Rate (interleaved, non-interleaved)

2-Channel + 16 Logic Channels MSO

4-Channel + 16 Logic Channels MSO

2-Channel DSO DSO-X 4022A DSO-X 4032A DSO-X 4052A

4-Channel DSO DSO-X 4024A DSO-X 4034A DSO-X 4054A DSO-X 4104A DSO-X 4154A

5 GSa/s,

2.5 GSa/s

MSO-X 4022A MSO-X 4032A MSO-X 4052A

MSO-X 4024A MSO-X 4034A MSO-X 4054A MSO-X 4104A MSO-X 4154A

5 GSa/s,

2.5 GSa/s

5 GSa/s,

2.5 GSa/s

5 GSa/s,

2.5 GSa/s

5 GSa/s,

2.5 GSa/s

The Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series oscilloscopes deliver these features:

4 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

• 200 MHz, 350 MHz, 500 MHz, 1 GHz, and 1.5 GHz bandwidth models.

• 2- and 4-channel digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) models.

• 2+16-channel and 4+16-channel mixed-signal oscilloscope (MSO) models.

An MSO lets you debug your mixed-signal designs using analog signals and tightly correlated digital signals simultaneously. The 16 digital channels have a

1.25 GSa/s sample rate, with a 250 MHz toggle rate.

• 12.1 inch SVGA touchscreen display. The touchscreen makes the oscilloscope easier to use:

• You can "touch" inside alpha-numeric keypad dialogs to enter file, label,

network, and printer names, etc., instead of using softkeys and the Entry knob.

• You can drag a finger across the screen to draw rectangular boxes for

zooming in on waveforms or setting up Zone triggers.

• You can touch the blue menu icon in the sidebar to display information or

control dialogs. You can drag (undock) these dialogs out of the sidebar, for example, to view cursor values and measurements at the same time.

• You can touch other areas of the screen as substitutes for using front panel

keys, softkeys, and knobs.

• Interleaved 4 Mpts or non-interleaved 2 Mpts MegaZoom IV memory for the fastest waveform update rates, uncompromised.

• All knobs are pushable for making quick selections.

• Trigger types: edge, edge then edge, pulse width, pattern, OR, rise/fall time, Nth edge burst, runt, setup & hold, video, NFC, and zone.

• Serial decode/trigger options for: CAN/CAN FD/LIN, CXPI, FlexRay, I

S, Manchester/NRZ, MIL-STD-1553/ARINC 429, SENT, UART/RS232, USB,

and USB PD. There is a Lister for displaying serial decode packets.

• Math waveforms: add, subtract, multiply, divide, d/dt, integrate, FFT (Magnitude), FFT (Phase), Ax+B, square, square root, absolute value, common logarithm, natural logarithm, exponential, base 10 exponential, low pass filter, high pass filter, averaged value, smoothing, envelope, magnify, maximum, minimum, peak-peak, max hold, min hold, measurement trend, chart logic bus timing, and chart logic bus state.

• Reference waveform locations (4) for comparing with other channel or math waveforms.

• Many built-in measurements and a measurement statistics display.

C/SPI,

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 5

• Built-in, license-enabled 2-channel waveform generator with: arbitrary, sine, square, ramp, pulse, DC, noise, sine cardinal, exponential rise, exponential fall, cardiac, and Gaussian pulse. Modulated waveforms on WaveGen1 except for arbitrary, pulse, DC, and noise waveforms.

• USB and LAN ports make printing, saving, and sharing data easy.

• VGA port for displaying the screen on a different monitor.

• A Quick Help system is built into the oscilloscope. Press and hold any key to display Quick Help. Complete instructions for using the quick help system are given in "Access the Built-In Quick Help" on page 65.

For more information about InfiniiVision oscilloscopes, see:

www.keysight.com/find/scope

6 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

In This Guide

This guide shows how to use the InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series oscilloscopes.

When unpacking and using the oscilloscope for the first time, see:

When displaying waveforms and acquired data, see:

When setting up triggers or changing how data is acquired, see:

Making measurements and analyzing data:

• Chapter 1, “Getting Started,” starting on page 29

• Chapter 2, “Horizontal Controls,” starting on page 67

• Chapter 3, “Vertical Controls,” starting on page 83

• Chapter 4, “Math Waveforms,” starting on page 93

• Chapter 5, “Reference Waveforms,” starting on page

127

• Chapter 6, “Digital Channels,” starting on page 131

• Chapter 7, “Serial Decode,” starting on page 149

• Chapter 8, “Display Settings,” starting on page 155

• Chapter 9, “Labels,” starting on page 165

• Chapter 10, “Triggers,” starting on page 171

• Chapter 11, “Trigger Mode/Coupling,” starting on

page 213

• Chapter 12, “Acquisition Control,” starting on page

221

• Chapter 13, “Cursors,” starting on page 241

• Chapter 14, “Measurements,” starting on page 251

• Chapter 15, “Mask Testing,” starting on page 285

• Chapter 16, “Digital Voltmeter and Counter,” starting

on page 299

• Chapter 17, “Frequency Response Analysis,” starting

on page 305

When using the built-in license enabled waveform generator, see:

When saving, recalling, or printing, see:

When using the oscilloscope's utility functions or web interface, see:

• Chapter 18, “Waveform Generator,” starting on page

311

• Chapter 19, “Save/Email/Recall (Setups, Screens,

Data),” starting on page 333

• Chapter 20, “Print (Screens),” starting on page 347

• Chapter 21, “Utility Settings,” starting on page 353

• Chapter 22, “Web Interface,” starting on page 375

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 7

For reference information, see: • Chapter 23, “Reference,” starting on page 387

NOTE

When using licensed serial bus triggering and decode features, see:

• Chapter 24, “CAN/LIN Triggering and Serial Decode,”

starting on page 405

• Chapter 25, “CXPI Triggering and Serial Decode,”

starting on page 427

• Chapter 26, “FlexRay Triggering and Serial Decode,”

starting on page 437

• Chapter 27, “I2C/SPI Triggering and Serial Decode,”

starting on page 447

• Chapter 28, “I2S Triggering and Serial Decode,”

starting on page 467

• Chapter 29, “Manchester/NRZ Triggering and Serial

Decode,” starting on page 477

• Chapter 30, “MIL-STD-1553/ARINC 429 Triggering

and Serial Decode,” starting on page 493

• Chapter 31, “SENT Triggering and Serial Decode,”

starting on page 509

• Chapter 32, “UART/RS232 Triggering and Serial

Decode,” starting on page 523

• Chapter 33, “USB 2.0 Triggering and Serial Decode,”

starting on page 533

• Chapter 34, “USB PD Triggering and Serial Decode,”

starting on page 543

Abbreviated instructions for pressing a series of keys and softkeys

Instructions for pressing a series of keys are written in an abbreviated manner. Instructions for pressing [Key1], then pressing Softkey2, then pressing Softkey3 are abbreviated as follows:

Press [Key1] > Softkey2 > Softkey3.

The keys may be a front panel [Key] or a Softkey. Softkeys are the six keys located directly below the oscilloscope display.

8 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes—At a Glance / 4

In This Guide / 7

1 Getting Started

Inspect the Package Contents / 29

Attaching the Accessory Pouch / 32

Tilt the Oscilloscope for Easy Viewing / 33

Power-On the Oscilloscope / 34

Connect Probes to the Oscilloscope / 35

Maximum input voltage at analog inputs / 35

Do not float the oscilloscope chassis / 36

Input a Waveform / 36

Recall the Default Oscilloscope Setup / 36

Use Autoscale / 37

Compensate Passive Probes / 39

Learn the Front Panel Controls and Connectors / 40

Front Panel Overlays for Different Languages / 47

Learn the Touchscreen Controls / 48

Draw Rectangles for Waveform Zoom or Zone Trigger Set

Up / 49 Flick or Drag to Scale, Position, and Change Offset / 50 Select Sidebar Information or Controls / 52

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 9

Undock Sidebar Dialogs by Dragging / 53 Re-dock Sidebar Dialogs to Split Sidebar / 53 Select Dialog Menus and Close Dialogs / 54 Drag Cursors / 55 Touch Softkeys and Menus On the Screen / 55 Enter Names Using Alpha-Numeric Keypad Dialogs / 56 Change Waveform Offsets By Dragging Ground Reference

Icons / 57 Access Controls and Menus Via the Menu Icon / 58 Turn Channels On/Off and Open Scale/Offset Dialogs / 60 Access the Horizontal Menu and Open the Scale/Delay

Dialog / 60 Access the Trigger Menu, Change the Trigger Mode, and Open the

Trigger Level Dialog / 61 Use a USB Mouse and/or Keyboard for Touchscreen

Controls / 62

Learn the Rear Panel Connectors / 62

Learn the Oscilloscope Display / 63

Access the Built-In Quick Help / 65

2 Horizontal Controls

To adjust the horizontal (time/div) scale / 69

To adjust the horizontal delay (position) / 69

Panning and Zooming Single or Stopped Acquisitions / 70

To change the horizontal time mode (Normal, XY, or Roll) / 71

XY Time Mode / 72

To display the zoomed time base / 75

To change the horizontal scale knob's coarse/fine adjustment

setting / 76

To position the time reference (left, center, right, custom) / 77

10 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

3 Vertical Controls

Searching for Events / 77

To set up searches / 78 To copy search setups / 78

Navigating the Time Base / 79

To navigate time / 79 To navigate search events / 80 To navigate segments / 80

To turn waveforms on or off (channel or math) / 84

To adjust the vertical scale / 85

To adjust the vertical position / 85

To specify channel coupling / 86

To specify channel input impedance / 86

To specify bandwidth limiting / 87

To change the vertical scale knob's coarse/fine adjustment

setting / 87

To invert a waveform / 88

Setting Analog Channel Probe Options / 88

To specify the channel units / 89 To specify the probe attenuation / 89 To specify the probe skew / 90 To calibrate a probe / 90

4Math Waveforms

To display math waveforms / 93

To adjust the math waveform scale and offset / 95

Units for Math Waveforms / 95

Math Operators / 96

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 11

Add or Subtract / 96 Multiply or Divide / 97

Math Transforms / 98

Differentiate / 99 Integrate / 100 FFT Magnitude, FFT Phase / 103 Square Root / 113 Ax + B / 113 Square / 114 Absolute Value / 115 Common Logarithm / 115 Natural Logarithm / 116 Exponential / 116 Base 10 Exponential / 117

Math Filters / 117

High Pass and Low Pass Filter / 118 Averaged Value / 119 Smoothing / 119 Envelope / 120

Math Visualizations / 120

Magnify / 120 Maximum/Minimum / 121 Peak-Peak / 122 Max/Min Hold / 122 Measurement Trend / 122 Chart Logic Bus Timing / 124 Chart Logic Bus State / 125

5 Reference Waveforms

To save a waveform to a reference waveform location / 127

To display a reference waveform / 128

12 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

6 Digital Channels

To scale and position reference waveforms / 129

To adjust reference waveform skew / 130

To display reference waveform information / 130

To save/recall reference waveform files to/from a USB storage

device / 130

To connect the digital probes to the device under test / 131

Probe cable for digital channels / 132

Acquiring waveforms using the digital channels / 135

To display digital channels using Autoscale / 135

Interpreting the digital waveform display / 136

To change the displayed size of the digital channels / 137

To switch a single channel on or off / 138

To switch all digital channels on or off / 138

To switch groups of channels on or off / 138

To change the logic threshold for digital channels / 139

To reposition a digital channel / 139

To display digital channels as a bus / 140

Digital channel signal fidelity: Probe impedance and

grounding / 143 Input Impedance / 144 Probe Grounding / 146 Best Probing Practices / 148

7Serial Decode

Serial Decode Options / 149

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 13

8 Display Settings

9Labels

Lister / 151

Searching Lister Data / 153

To adjust waveform intensity / 155

To set or clear persistence / 157

To clear the display / 159

To select the grid type / 159

To adjust the grid intensity / 159

To add an annotation / 160

To display waveforms as vectors or dots / 162

To freeze the display / 163

To turn the label display on or off / 165

To assign a predefined label to a channel / 166

To define a new label / 167

To load a list of labels from a text file you create / 168

To reset the label library to the factory default / 169

10 Triggers

Adjusting the Trigger Level / 172

Forcing a Trigger / 173

Edge Trigger / 174

Edge then Edge Trigger / 176

Pulse Width Trigger / 178

Pattern Trigger / 181

14 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Hex Bus Pattern Trigger / 183

OR Trigger / 184

Rise/Fall Time Trigger / 185

Near Field Communication (NFC) Trigger / 187

Nth Edge Burst Trigger / 190

Runt Trigger / 192

Setup and Hold Trigger / 194

Video Trigger / 195

To set up Generic video triggers / 200 To trigger on a specific line of video / 201 To trigger on all sync pulses / 202 To trigger on a specific field of the video signal / 203 To trigger on all fields of the video signal / 204 To trigger on odd or even fields / 205

Serial Trigger / 208

Zone Qualified Trigger / 209

11 Trigger Mode/Coupling

To select the Auto or Normal trigger mode / 214

To select the trigger coupling / 215

To enable or disable trigger noise rejection / 217

To enable or disable trigger HF Reject / 217

To set the trigger holdoff / 218

External Trigger Input / 219

Maximum voltage at oscilloscope external trigger input / 219

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 15

12 Acquisition Control

Running, Stopping, and Making Single Acquisitions (Run

Overview of Sampling / 223

Selecting the Acquisition Mode / 227

Realtime Sampling Option / 234

Acquiring to Segmented Memory / 236

Control) / 221

Sampling Theory / 223 Aliasing / 223 Oscilloscope Bandwidth and Sample Rate / 224 Oscilloscope Rise Time / 225 Oscilloscope Bandwidth Required / 226 Memory Depth and Sample Rate / 227

Normal Acquisition Mode / 228 Peak Detect Acquisition Mode / 228 Averaging Acquisition Mode / 231 High Resolution Acquisition Mode / 233

Realtime Sampling and Oscilloscope Bandwidth / 235

Navigating Segments / 237 Measurements, Statistics, and Infinite Persistence with

Segmented Memory / 237 Segmented Memory Re-Arm Time / 238 Saving Data from Segmented Memory / 238

Digitizer Mode / 238

13 Cursors

To make cursor measurements / 242

Cursor Examples / 245

16 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

14 Measurements

To make automatic measurements / 252

To edit measurements / 254

Measurements Summary / 254

Snapshot All / 258

Voltage Measurements / 258

Peak-Peak / 259 Maximum / 259 Minimum / 260 Y at X / 260 Amplitude / 260 Top / 260 Base / 261 Overshoot / 261 Preshoot / 263 Average / 263 DC RMS / 264 AC RMS / 264 Ratio / 266

Time Measurements / 266

Period / 267 Frequency / 267 Counter / 268 + Width / 269 – Width / 269 Burst Width / 269 Duty Cycle / 269 Bit Rate / 270 Rise Time / 270 Fall Time / 270 Time at Edge / 270

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 17

Delay / 271 Phase / 272 X at Min Y / 274 X at Max Y / 274

Count Measurements / 274

Positive Pulse Count / 274 Negative Pulse Count / 275 Rising Edge Count / 275 Falling Edges Count / 275

Mixed Measurements / 276

Area / 276 Slew Rate / 276

FFT Analysis Measurements / 277

Channel Power / 277 Occupied Bandwidth / 277 Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) / 277 Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) / 278

Measurement Thresholds / 279

Measurement Window / 281

Measurement Statistics / 281

15 Mask Testing

To create a mask from a "golden" waveform (Automask) / 285

Mask Test Setup Options / 287

Mask Statistics / 290

To manually modify a mask file / 291

Building a Mask File / 295

How is mask testing done? / 298

18 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

16 Digital Voltmeter and Counter

Digital Voltmeter / 300

Counter / 302

17 Frequency Response Analysis

To make connections / 305

To set up and run the analysis / 306

To view and save the analysis results / 308

18 Waveform Generator

To select generated waveform types and settings / 311

To edit arbitrary waveforms / 315

Creating New Arbitrary Waveforms / 316 Editing Existing Arbitrary Waveforms / 317 Capturing Other Waveforms to the Arbitrary Waveform / 322

To output the waveform generator sync pulse / 323

To specify the expected output load / 323

To use waveform generator logic presets / 324

To add noise to the waveform generator output / 324

To add modulation to the waveform generator output / 325

To set up Amplitude Modulation (AM) / 326 To set up Frequency Modulation (FM) / 327 To set up Frequency-Shift Keying Modulation (FSK) / 329

To restore waveform generator defaults / 330

To set up dual channel tracking / 330

19 Save/Email/Recall (Setups, Screens, Data)

Saving Setups, Screen Images, or Data / 333

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 19

To save setup files / 335 To save BMP or PNG image files / 336 To save CSV, ASCII XY, or BIN data files / 336 Length Control / 338 To save Lister data files / 339 To save reference waveform files to a USB storage device / 339 To save masks / 340 To save arbitrary waveforms / 340 To navigate storage locations / 341 To enter file names / 341

Emailing Setups, Screen Images, or Data / 342

Recalling Setups, Masks, or Data / 343

To recall setup files / 344 To recall mask files / 344 To recall reference waveform files from a USB storage

device / 344 To recall arbitrary waveforms / 345

Recalling Default Setups / 345

Performing a Secure Erase / 346

20 Print (Screens)

To print the oscilloscope's display / 347

To set up network printer connections / 349

To specify the print options / 350

To specify the palette option / 351

21 Utility Settings

I/O Interface Settings / 353

Setting up the Oscilloscope's LAN Connection / 354

To establish a LAN connection / 355

20 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Stand-alone (Point-to-Point) Connection to a PC / 356

File Explorer / 356

Setting Oscilloscope Preferences / 359

To choose "expand about" center or ground / 359 To disable/enable transparent backgrounds / 360 To load the default label library / 360 To set up the screen saver / 360 To set Autoscale preferences / 361

Setting the Oscilloscope's Clock / 362

Setting the Rear Panel TRIG OUT Source / 363

Setting the Reference Signal Mode / 363

To supply a sample clock to the oscilloscope / 364

Maximum input voltage at 10 MHz REF connector / 364 To synchronize the timebase of two or more instruments / 365

Enabling Remote Command Logging / 366

Performing Service Tasks / 367

To perform user calibration / 367 To perform hardware self test / 370 To perform front panel self test / 371 To display oscilloscope information / 371 To display the user calibration status / 371 To clean the oscilloscope / 371 To check warranty and extended services status / 371 To contact Keysight / 372 To return the instrument / 372

Configuring the [Quick Action] Key / 372

22 Web Interface

Accessing the Web Interface / 376

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 21

23 Reference

Browser Web Control / 377

Browser-Based Remote Front Panel / 378 Remote Programming via the Web Interface / 379 Remote Programming with Keysight IO Libraries / 380

Save/Recall / 381

Saving Files via the Web Interface / 381 Recalling Files via the Web Interface / 382

Get Image / 383

Identification Function / 384

Instrument Utilities / 385

Setting a Password / 385

Specifications and Characteristics / 387

Measurement Category / 387

Oscilloscope Measurement Category / 387 Measurement Category Definitions / 388 Maximum Input Voltages / 388

Maximum input voltage at analog inputs / 388

Maximum input voltage at digital channels / 389

Environmental Conditions / 389

Probes and Accessories / 390

Loading Licenses and Displaying License Information / 390

Licensed Options Available / 391 Other Options Available / 393 Upgrading to an MSO / 393

Software and Firmware Updates / 394

22 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Binary Data (.bin) Format / 394

Binary Data in MATLAB / 395 Binary Header Format / 395 Example Program for Reading Binary Data / 398 Examples of Binary Files / 398

CSV and ASCII XY files / 401

CSV and ASCII XY file structure / 402 Minimum and Maximum Values in CSV Files / 402 Frequency Data in CSV Files / 403

Acknowledgements / 403

Product Markings and Regulatory Information / 403

24 CAN/LIN Triggering and Serial Decode

Setup for CAN/CAN FD Signals / 405

Loading and Displaying CAN Symbolic Data / 408

CAN/CAN FD Triggering / 409

CAN/CAN FD Serial Decode / 412

Interpreting CAN/CAN FD Decode / 413 CAN Totalizer / 414 Interpreting CAN Lister Data / 416 Searching for CAN Data in the Lister / 417

Setup for LIN Signals / 418

Loading and Displaying LIN Symbolic Data / 419

LIN Triggering / 420

LIN Serial Decode / 422

Interpreting LIN Decode / 424 Interpreting LIN Lister Data / 425 Searching for LIN Data in the Lister / 426

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 23

25 CXPI Triggering and Serial Decode

Setup for CXPI Signals / 427

CXPI Triggering / 428

CXPI Serial Decode / 431

Interpreting CXPI Decode / 433 Interpreting CXPI Lister Data / 435

26 FlexRay Triggering and Serial Decode

Setup for FlexRay Signals / 437

FlexRay Triggering / 438

Triggering on FlexRay Frames / 439 Triggering on FlexRay Errors / 440 Triggering on FlexRay Events / 440

FlexRay Serial Decode / 441

Interpreting FlexRay Decode / 442 FlexRay Totalizer / 443 Interpreting FlexRay Lister Data / 444 Searching for FlexRay Data in the Lister / 445

27 I2C/SPI Triggering and Serial Decode

Setup for I2C Signals / 447

I2C Triggering / 448

I2C Serial Decode / 452

Interpreting I2C Decode / 453 Interpreting I2C Lister Data / 455 Searching for I2C Data in the Lister / 455

Setup for SPI Signals / 456

SPI Triggering / 460

SPI Serial Decode / 462

24 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Interpreting SPI Decode / 463 Interpreting SPI Lister Data / 464 Searching for SPI Data in the Lister / 465

28 I2S Triggering and Serial Decode

Setup for I2S Signals / 467

I2S Triggering / 470

I2S Serial Decode / 473

Interpreting I2S Decode / 474 Interpreting I2S Lister Data / 475 Searching for I2S Data in the Lister / 476

29 Manchester/NRZ Triggering and Serial Decode

Setup for Manchester Signals / 477

Manchester Triggering / 480

Manchester Serial Decode / 482

Interpreting Manchester Decode / 482 Interpreting Manchester Lister Data / 484

Setup for NRZ Signals / 485

NRZ Triggering / 488

NRZ Serial Decode / 489

Interpreting NRZ Decode / 490 Interpreting NRZ Lister Data / 491

30 MIL-STD-1553/ARINC 429 Triggering and Serial Decode

Setup for MIL-STD-1553 Signals / 493

MIL-STD-1553 Triggering / 495

MIL-STD-1553 Serial Decode / 496

Interpreting MIL-STD-1553 Decode / 497

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 25

Interpreting MIL-STD-1553 Lister Data / 498 Searching for MIL-STD-1553 Data in the Lister / 499

Setup for ARINC 429 Signals / 500

ARINC 429 Triggering / 501

ARINC 429 Serial Decode / 503

Interpreting ARINC 429 Decode / 505 ARINC 429 Totalizer / 506 Interpreting ARINC 429 Lister Data / 507 Searching for ARINC 429 Data in the Lister / 508

31 SENT Triggering and Serial Decode

Setup for SENT Signals / 509

SENT Triggering / 514

SENT Serial Decode / 516

Interpreting SENT Decode / 517 Interpreting SENT Lister Data / 519 Searching for SENT Data in the Lister / 521

32 UART/RS232 Triggering and Serial Decode

Setup for UART/RS232 Signals / 523

UART/RS232 Triggering / 525

UART/RS232 Serial Decode / 527

Interpreting UART/RS232 Decode / 528 UART/RS232 Totalizer / 529 Interpreting UART/RS232 Lister Data / 530 Searching for UART/RS232 Data in the Lister / 530

33 USB 2.0 Triggering and Serial Decode

Setup for USB 2.0 Signals / 533

USB 2.0 Triggering / 535

26 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

USB 2.0 Serial Decode / 537

Interpreting USB 2.0 Decode / 538 Interpreting USB 2.0 Lister Data / 540 Searching for USB 2.0 Data in the Lister / 541

34 USB PD Triggering and Serial Decode

Setup for USB PD Signals / 543

USB PD Triggering / 544

USB PD Serial Decode / 546

Interpreting USB PD Decode / 547 Interpreting USB PD Lister Data / 548

Index

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 27

28 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes

User's Guide

1 Getting Started

Inspect the Package Contents / 29 Attaching the Accessory Pouch / 32 Tilt the Oscilloscope for Easy Viewing / 33 Power-On the Oscilloscope / 34 Connect Probes to the Oscilloscope / 35 Input a Waveform / 36 Recall the Default Oscilloscope Setup / 36 Use Autoscale / 37 Compensate Passive Probes / 39 Learn the Front Panel Controls and Connectors / 40 Learn the Touchscreen Controls / 48 Learn the Rear Panel Connectors / 62 Learn the Oscilloscope Display / 63 Access the Built-In Quick Help / 65

This chapter describes the steps you take when using the oscilloscope for the first time.

Inspect the Package Contents

• Inspect the shipping container for damage.

If your shipping container appears to be damaged, keep the shipping container or cushioning material until you have inspected the contents of the shipment for completeness and have checked the oscilloscope mechanically and electrically.

1 Getting Started

• Verify that you received the following items and any optional accessories you may have ordered:

• InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series oscilloscope.

• Power cord (country of origin determines specific type).

• Oscilloscope probes:

• Two probes for 2-channel models.

• Four probes for 4-channel models.

• Digital probe kit (MSO models only).

• Documentation CD-ROM.

• Accessory pouch (not shown).

30 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series oscilloscope

Getting Started 1

N2894A probes (Qty 2 or 4)

Documentation CD

Power cord (Based on country

f origin)

N2756-60001 Digital Probe Kit (MSO models only)

See Also • "Probes and Accessories" on page 390

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 31

1 Getting Started

Attaching the Accessory Pouch

Included with the oscilloscope is an accessory pouch that can be attached to the rear panel. You can use it to store oscilloscope probes and other accessories. To attach the pouch:

1 Remove these two screws.

2 Secure the accessory pouch to the rear panel using the removed screws.

32 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Getting Started 1

Tilt the Oscilloscope for Easy Viewing

The oscilloscope can be tilted up for easier viewing. 1 Tilt the oscilloscope forward. Rotate the foot down and toward the rear of the

oscilloscope. The foot will lock into place.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 33

1 Getting Started

2 Repeat for the other foot. 3 Rock the oscilloscope back so that it rests securely on its feet.

To retract the feet: 1 Tilt the oscilloscope forward. Press the foot release button and rotate the foot

up and toward the front of the oscilloscope.

2 Repeat for the other foot.

Power-On the Oscilloscope

Power

Requirements

Ventilation

Requirements

34 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Line voltage, frequency, and power:

• ~Line 100-120 Vac, 50/60/400 Hz

• 100-240 Vac, 50/60 Hz

• 120 W max

The air intake and exhaust areas must be free from obstructions. Unrestricted air flow is required for proper cooling. Always ensure that the air intake and exhaust areas are free from obstructions.

The fan draws air in from the left side and bottom of the oscilloscope and pushes it out behind the oscilloscope.

Getting Started 1

WARNING

CAUTION

When using the oscilloscope in a bench-top setting, provide at least 2" clearance at the sides and 4" (100 mm) clearance above and behind the oscilloscope for proper cooling.

To po wer-on the

oscilloscope

1 Connect the power cord to the rear of the oscilloscope, then to a suitable AC

voltage source. Route the power cord so the oscilloscope's feet and legs do not pinch the cord.

2 The oscilloscope automatically adjusts for input line voltages in the range 100

to 240 VAC. The line cord provided is matched to the country of origin.

Always use a grounded power cord. Do not defeat the power cord ground.

3 Press the power switch.

The power switch is located on the lower left corner of the front panel. The oscilloscope will perform a self-test and will be operational in a few seconds.

Connect Probes to the Oscilloscope

1 Connect the oscilloscope probe to an oscilloscope channel BNC connector. 2 Connect the probe's retractable hook tip to the point of interest on the circuit or

device under test. Be sure to connect the probe ground lead to a ground point on the circuit.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 35

Maximum input voltage at analog inputs

135 Vrms

50Ω input: 5 Vrms Input protection is enabled in 50 Ω mode and the 50 Ω load will disconnect if greater than 5 Vrms is detected. However the inputs could still be damaged, depending on the time constant of the signal. The 50 Ω input protection only functions when the oscilloscope is powered on.

When measuring voltages over 30 V, use a 10:1 probe.

1 Getting Started

CAUTION

WARNING

Defeating the ground connection and "floating" the oscilloscope chassis will probably result in inaccurate measurements and may also cause equipment damage. The probe ground lead is connected to the oscilloscope chassis and the ground wire in the power cord. If you need to measure between two live points, use a differential probe with sufficient dynamic range.

Do not negate the protective action of the ground connection to the oscilloscope. The oscilloscope must remain grounded through its power cord. Defeating the ground creates an electric shock hazard.

Input a Waveform

The first signal to input to the oscilloscope is the Demo 2, Probe Comp signal. This signal is used for compensating probes.

1 Connect an oscilloscope probe from channel 1 to the Demo 2 (Probe Comp)

2 Connect the probe's ground lead to the ground terminal (next to the Demo 2

Do not float the oscilloscope chassis

terminal on the front panel.

terminal).

Recall the Default Oscilloscope Setup

36 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

To recall the default oscilloscope setup: 1 Press [Default Setup].

The default setup restores the oscilloscope's default settings. This places the oscilloscope in a known operating condition. The major default settings are:

Use Autoscale

Getting Started 1

Table 2 Default Configuration Settings

Horizontal Normal mode, 100 µs/div scale, 0 s delay, center time reference.

Vertical (Analog) Channel 1 on, 5 V/div scale, DC coupling, 0 V position, 1 MΩ impedance.

Trigger Edge trigger, Auto trigger mode, 0 V level, channel 1 source, DC coupling, rising

edge slope, 40 ns holdoff time.

Display Persistence off, 20% grid intensity, 50% waveform intensity.

Other Acquire mode normal, [Run/Stop] to Run, cursors and measurements off.

Labels All custom labels that you have created in the Label Library are preserved (not

erased), but all channel labels will be set to their original names.

In the Save/Recall Menu, there are also options for restoring the complete factory settings (see "Recalling Default Setups" on page 345) or performing a secure erase (see "Performing a Secure Erase" on page 346).

Use [Auto Scale] to automatically configure the oscilloscope to best display the input signals.

1 Press [Auto Scale].

You should see a waveform on the oscilloscope's display similar to this:

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 37

1 Getting Started

2 If you want to return to the oscilloscope settings that existed before, press Undo

Autoscale.

3 If you want to enable "fast debug" autoscaling, change the channels

autoscaled, or preserve the acquisition mode during autoscale, press Fast Debug, Channels, or Acq Mode.

These are the same softkeys that appear in the Autoscale Preferences Menu. See "To set Autoscale preferences" on page 361.

If you see the waveform, but the square wave is not shaped correctly as shown above, perform the procedure "Compensate Passive Probes" on page 39.

If you do not see the waveform, make sure the probe is connected securely to the front panel channel input BNC and to the left side, Demo 2, Probe Comp terminal.

How Autoscale

Works

38 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Auto Scale analyzes any waveforms present at each channel and at the external trigger input. This includes the digital channels, if connected.

Auto Scale finds, turns on, and scales any channel with a repetitive waveform that has a frequency of at least 25 Hz, a duty cycle greater than 0.5%, and an amplitude of at least 10 mV peak-to-peak. Any channels where no signal is found are turned off.

The trigger source is selected by looking for the first valid waveform starting with external trigger, then continuing with the lowest number analog channel up to the highest number analog channel, and finally (if digital probes are connected) the highest number digital channel.

During Autoscale, the delay is set to 0.0 seconds, the horizontal time/div (sweep speed) setting is a function of the input signal (about 2 periods of the triggered signal on the screen), and the triggering mode is set to Edge.

Compensate Passive Probes

Each oscilloscope passive probe must be compensated to match the input characteristics of the oscilloscope channel to which it is connected. A poorly compensated probe can introduce significant measurement errors.

1 Input the Probe Comp signal (see "Input a Waveform" on page 36). 2 Press [Default Setup] to recall the default oscilloscope setup (see "Recall the

Default Oscilloscope Setup" on page 36).

3 Press [Auto Scale] to automatically configure the oscilloscope for the Probe

Comp signal (see "Use Autoscale" on page 37).

4 Press the channel key to which the probe is connected ([1], [2], etc.). 5 In the Channel Menu, press Probe. 6 In the Channel Probe Menu, press Probe Check; then, follow the instructions

on-screen.

Getting Started 1

If necessary, use a nonmetallic tool (supplied with the probe) to adjust the trimmer capacitor on the probe for the flattest pulse possible.

On N2894A probes, the trimmer capacitor is located on the probe BNC connector.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 39

1 Getting Started

Perfectly compensated

Over compensated

Under compensated

7 Connect probes to all other oscilloscope channels (channel 2 of a 2-channel

oscilloscope, or channels 2, 3, and 4 of a 4-channel oscilloscope).

8 Repeat the procedure for each channel.

Learn the Front Panel Controls and Connectors

On the front panel, key refers to any key (button) you can press.

40 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Softkey specifically refers to the six keys that are directly below the display. The legend for these keys is directly above them, on the display. Their functions change as you navigate through the oscilloscope's menus.

For the following figure, refer to the numbered descriptions in the table that follows.

Getting Started 1

14. Tools keys

1. Power switch

2. Softkeys

3. [Intensity] key

4. Entry knob

6. Trigger controls

5. Waveform keys

18. Demo 2, Ground, and Demo 1

terminals

17. Analog channel

inputs

19. USB Host

ports

15. [Help] key

13. File keys

8. Run Control keys

12. Measure controls

11. Additional waveform controls

7. Horizontal controls

10. [Auto Scale] key

9. [Default Setup] key

16. Vertical controls

21. Waveform generator

outputs

20. EXT TRIG IN connector

Back

1. Power switch Press once to switch power on; press again to switch power off. See "Power-On the

2. Softkeys The functions of these keys change based upon the menus shown on the display directly

3. [Intensity] key Press the key to illuminate it. When illuminated, turn the Entry knob to adjust waveform

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 41

Oscilloscope" on page 34.

above the keys.

The Back/Up key moves up in the softkey menu hierarchy. At the top of the hierarchy, the

intensity.

You can vary the intensity control to bring out signal detail, much like an analog oscilloscope.

Digital channel waveform intensity is not adjustable.

More details about using the Intensity control to view signal detail are on "To adjust

waveform intensity" on page 155.

Back/Up key turns the menus off, and oscilloscope information is shown instead.

1 Getting Started

4. Entry knob The Entry knob is used to select items from menus and to change values. The function of the Entry knob changes based upon the current menu and softkey selections.

Note that the curved arrow symbol above the entry knob illuminates whenever the entry

knob can be used to select a value. Also, note that when the Entry knob symbol appears on a softkey, you can use the Entry knob, to select values.

Often, rotating the Entry knob is enough to make a selection. Sometimes, you can push the Entry knob to enable or disable a selection. Pushing the Entry knob also makes popup menus disappear.

5. Waveform keys [Analyze] key — Press this key to access analysis features like:

• Trigger level setting.

• Measurement threshold setting.

• Video trigger automatic set up and display.

• The USB 2.0 signal quality analysis licensed application.

• Mask testing (see Chapter 15, “Mask Testing,” starting on page 285).

• The power measurement and analysis licensed application.

• Digital voltmeter (DVM) (see Chapter 16, “Digital Voltmeter and Counter,” starting on

page 299).

The [Acquire] key lets you select Normal, Peak Detect, Averaging, or High Resolution acquisition modes (see "Selecting the Acquisition Mode" on page 227) and use segmented memory (see "Acquiring to Segmented Memory" on page 236).

The [Display] key lets you access the menu where you can enable persistence (see "To set or

clear persistence" on page 157), clear the display, and adjust the display grid (graticule)

intensity (see "To adjust the grid intensity" on page 159).

[Touch] key — Press this key to disable/enable the touchscreen.

6. Trigger controls These controls determine how the oscilloscope triggers to capture data. See Chapter 10, “Triggers,” starting on page 171 and Chapter 11, “Trigger Mode/Coupling,” starting on page

213.

42 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

7. Horizontal controls The Horizontal controls consist of:

• Horizontal scale knob — Turn the knob in the Horizontal section that is marked

to adjust the time/div (sweep speed) setting. The symbols under the knob indicate that this control has the effect of spreading out or zooming in on the waveform using the horizontal scale.

• Horizontal position knob — Turn the knob marked to pan through the waveform data

horizontally. You can see the captured waveform before the trigger (turn the knob clockwise) or after the trigger (turn the knob counterclockwise). If you pan through the waveform when the oscilloscope is stopped (not in Run mode) then you are looking at the waveform data from the last acquisition taken.

•[Horiz] key — Press this key to open the Horizontal Menu where you can select XY and Roll

modes, enable or disable Zoom, enable or disable horizontal time/division fine adjustment, and select the trigger time reference point.

• Zoom key — Press the zoom key to split the oscilloscope display into Normal and

Zoom sections without opening the Horizontal Menu.

•[Search] key — Lets you search for events in the acquired data.

•[Navigate] keys — Press these keys to navigate through captured data via time, search

events, or segmented memory acquisition. See "Navigating the Time Base" on page 79.

For more information see Chapter 2, “Horizontal Controls,” starting on page 67.

Getting Started 1

8. Run Control keys When the [Run/Stop] key is green, the oscilloscope is running, that is, acquiring data when trigger conditions are met. To stop acquiring data, press [Run/Stop].

When the [Run/Stop] key is red, data acquisition is stopped. To start acquiring data, press [Run/Stop].

To capture and display a single acquisition (whether the oscilloscope is running or stopped), press [Single]. The [Single] key is yellow until the oscilloscope triggers.

For more information, see "Running, Stopping, and Making Single Acquisitions (Run

Control)" on page 221.

9. [Default Setup] key Press this key to restore the oscilloscope's default settings (details on "Recall the Default

Oscilloscope Setup" on page 36).

10. [Auto Scale] key When you press the [Auto Scale] key, the oscilloscope will quickly determine which channels have activity, and it will turn these channels on and scale them to display the input signals. See "Use Autoscale" on page 37.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 43

1 Getting Started

11. Additional waveform

controls

The additional waveform controls consist of:

•[Math] key — provides access to math (add, subtract, etc.) waveform functions. See

Chapter 4, “Math Waveforms,” starting on page 93.

•[Ref] key — provides access to reference waveform functions. Reference waveforms are

saved waveforms that can be displayed and compared against other analog channel or math waveforms. Also, measurements can be made on reference waveforms. See

Chapter 5, “Reference Waveforms,” starting on page 127.

• [Digital] key — Press this key to turn the digital channels on or off (the arrow to the left will

illuminate).

When the arrow to the left of the [Digital] key is illuminated, the upper multiplexed knob selects (and highlights in red) individual digital channels, and the lower multiplexed knob positions the selected digital channel.

If a trace is repositioned over an existing trace the indicator at the left edge of the trace will change from Dnn designation (where nn is a one or two digit channel number from 0 to 15) to D*. The "*" indicates that two or more channels are overlaid.

You can rotate the upper knob to select an overlaid channel, then rotate the lower knob to position it just as you would any other channel.

For more information on digital channels see Chapter 6, “Digital Channels,” starting on page 131.

•[Serial] key — This key is used to enable serial decode. The multiplexed scale and position

knobs are not used with serial decode. For more information on serial decode, see

Chapter 7, “Serial Decode,” starting on page 149.

• Multiplexed scale knob — This scale knob is used with Math, Ref, or Digital waveforms,

whichever has the illuminated arrow to the left. For math and reference waveforms, the scale knob acts like an analog channel vertical scale knob.

• Multiplexed position knob — This position knob is used with Math, Ref, or Digital

waveforms, whichever has the illuminated arrow to the left. For math and reference waveforms, the position knob acts like an analog channel vertical position knob.

12. Measure controls The measure controls consist of:

• Cursors knob — Push this knob to select cursors from a popup menu. Then, after the popup

menu closes (either by timeout or by pushing the knob again), rotate the knob to adjust the selected cursor position.

•[Cursors] key — Press this key to open a menu that lets you select the cursors mode and

source.

•[Meas] key — Press this key to access a set of predefined measurements. See Chapter 14,

“Measurements,” starting on page 251.

44 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Getting Started 1

13. File keys Press the [Save/Recall] key to save or recall a waveform or setup. See Chapter 19, “Save/Email/Recall (Setups, Screens, Data),” starting on page 333.

The [Print] key opens the Print Configuration Menu so you can print the displayed waveforms. See Chapter 20, “Print (Screens),” starting on page 347.

14. Tools keys The Tools keys consist of:

• [Utility] key — Press this key to access the Utility Menu, which lets you configure the

oscilloscope's I/O settings, use the file explorer, set preferences, access the service menu, and choose other options. See Chapter 21, “Utility Settings,” starting on page 353.

• [Quick Action] key — Press this key to perform the selected quick action: measure all

snapshot, print, save, recall, freeze display, and more. See "Configuring the [Quick

Action] Key" on page 372.

•[Wave Gen1], [Wave Gen2] keys — Press these keys to access waveform generator

functions. See Chapter 18, “Waveform Generator,” starting on page 311.

15. [Help] key Opens the Help Menu where you can display overview help topics and select the Language. See also "Access the Built-In Quick Help" on page 65.

16. Vertical controls The Vertical controls consist of:

• Analog channel on/off keys — Use these keys to switch a channel on or off, or to access a

channel's menu in the softkeys. There is one channel on/off key for each analog channel.

• Vertical scale knob — There are knobs marked for each channel. Use these knobs

to change the vertical sensitivity (gain) of each analog channel.

• Vertical position knobs — Use these knobs to change a channel's vertical position on the

display. There is one Vertical Position control for each analog channel.

For more information, see Chapter 3, “Vertical Controls,” starting on page 83.

17. Analog channel

inputs

Attach oscilloscope probes or BNC cables to these BNC connectors.

With the InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series oscilloscopes, you can set the input impedance of the analog channels to either 50 Ω or 1 MΩ. See "To specify channel input impedance" on page 86.

The InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series oscilloscopes also provide the AutoProbe interface. The AutoProbe interface uses a series of contacts directly below the channel's BNC connector to transfer information between the oscilloscope and the probe. When you connect a compatible probe to the oscilloscope, the AutoProbe interface determines the type of probe and sets the oscilloscope's parameters (units, offset, attenuation, coupling, and impedance) accordingly.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 45

1 Getting Started

18. Demo 2, Ground, and

Demo 1 terminals

19. USB Host ports These ports are for connecting a USB mass storage device, printer, mouse, or keyboard to the

• Demo 2 terminal — After a [Default Setup], this terminal outputs the Probe Comp signal

which helps you match a probe's input capacitance to the oscilloscope channel to which it is connected. See "Compensate Passive Probes" on page 39. With certain licensed features, the oscilloscope can also output demo or training signals on this terminal.

• Ground terminal — Use the ground terminal for oscilloscope probes connected to the Demo

1 or Demo 2 terminals.

• Demo 1 terminal — The oscilloscope can output training signals on this and the Demo 2

terminal. See: [Help] > Training Signals > Training Signals.

oscilloscope.

Connect a USB compliant mass storage device (flash drive, disk drive, etc.) to save or recall oscilloscope setup files and reference waveforms or to save data and screen images. See

Chapter 19, “Save/Email/Recall (Setups, Screens, Data),” starting on page 333.

To print, connect a USB compliant printer. For more information about printing see

Chapter 20, “Print (Screens),” starting on page 347.

You can also use the USB port to update the oscilloscope's system software when updates are available.

You do not need to take special precautions before removing the USB mass storage device from the oscilloscope (you do not need to "eject" it). Simply unplug the USB mass storage device from the oscilloscope when the file operation is complete.

CAUTION: Do not connect a host computer to the oscilloscope's USB host port. Use the device port. A host computer sees the oscilloscope as a device, so connect the host computer to the oscilloscope's device port (on the rear panel). See "I/O Interface Settings" on page 353.

There is a third USB host port on the back panel.

20. EXT TRIG IN

connector

21. Waveform generator

outputs

External trigger input BNC connector. See "External Trigger Input" on page 219 for an explanation of this feature.

Built-in, license-enabled 2-channel waveform generator can output arbitrary, sine, square, ramp, pulse, DC, noise, sine cardinal, exponential rise, exponential fall, cardiac, or Gaussian pulse waveforms on the Gen Out 1 or Gen Out 2 BNC connectors. Modulated waveforms are available on WaveGen1 except for arbitrary, pulse, DC, and noise waveforms. Press the [Wave Gen1] or [Wave Gen2] keys to set up the waveform generator. See Chapter 18, “Waveform Generator,” starting on page 311.

46 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Front Panel Overlays for Different Languages

Front panel overlays, which have translations for the English front panel keys and label text, are available in 10 languages. The appropriate overlay is included when the localization option is chosen at time of purchase.

To install a front panel overlay:

1 Gently pull on the front panel knobs to remove them. 2 Insert the overlay's side tabs into the slots on the front panel.

Getting Started 1

3 Reinstall the front panel knobs.

Front panel overlays may be ordered from www.keysight.com/find/parts using the following part numbers:

Language 2 Channel Overlay 4 Channel Overlay

Czech 54709-94328 54709-94329

French 54709-94315 54709-94316

German 54709-94313 54709-94314

Italian 54709-94317 54709-94318

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 47

1 Getting Started

Language 2 Channel Overlay 4 Channel Overlay

Japanese 54709-94321 54709-94322

Korean 54709-94311 54709-94312

Polish 54709-94334 54709-94335

Portuguese 54709-94323 54709-94324

Russian 54709-94325 54709-94326

Simplified Chinese 54709-94306 54709-94308

Spanish 54709-94319 54709-94320

Thai 54709-94332 54709-94333

Traditional Chinese 54709-94309 54709-94310

Turkish 54709-94330 54709-94331

Learn the Touchscreen Controls

When the [Touch] key is lit, you can control the oscilloscope by touching different areas of the screen. You can:

• "Draw Rectangles for Waveform Zoom or Zone Trigger Set Up" on page 49

• "Flick or Drag to Scale, Position, and Change Offset" on page 50

• "Select Sidebar Information or Controls" on page 52

• "Undock Sidebar Dialogs by Dragging" on page 53

• "Re-dock Sidebar Dialogs to Split Sidebar" on page 53

• "Select Dialog Menus and Close Dialogs" on page 54

• "Drag Cursors" on page 55

• "Touch Softkeys and Menus On the Screen" on page 55

• "Enter Names Using Alpha-Numeric Keypad Dialogs" on page 56

• "Change Waveform Offsets By Dragging Ground Reference Icons" on page 57

• "Access Controls and Menus Via the Menu Icon" on page 58

• "Turn Channels On/Off and Open Scale/Offset Dialogs" on page 60

• "Access the Horizontal Menu and Open the Scale/Delay Dialog" on page 60

48 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Getting Started 1

• "Access the Trigger Menu, Change the Trigger Mode, and Open the Trigger

Level Dialog" on page 61

• "Use a USB Mouse and/or Keyboard for Touchscreen Controls" on page 62

Draw Rectangles for Waveform Zoom or Zone Trigger Set Up

1 Touch the upper-right corner to select the rectangle draw mode.

2 Drag your finger across the screen to draw a rectangle. 3 Take your finger off the screen. 4 Touch the desired option from the popup menu.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 49

1 Getting Started

Flick or Drag to Scale, Position, and Change Offset

1 Touch the upper-right corner to select the horizontal drag mode.

2 When the waveform drag mode is selected, you can use these touch gestures:

50 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Getting Started 1

• Flick — allows very fast browsing of waveforms. It is similar to browsing on

tablets and smartphones. It is much easier to flick than to continually turn a knob.

• Drag — drag your finger across the screen to change the horizontal delay.

Drag your finger up or down to change the vertical offset.

To select waveforms, tap them. The waveform closest horizontally to the tap location is selected. The selected waveform is indicated by the ground marker with the filled background (channel 1 in the following example).

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 51

1 Getting Started

Select Sidebar Information or Controls

1 Touch the blue menu icon in the sidebar. 2 In the popup menu, touch the type of information or controls you want to see in

the sidebar.

52 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Undock Sidebar Dialogs by Dragging

Sidebar dialogs can be undocked and placed anywhere on the screen. 1 Drag the sidebar dialog title wherever you like.

This lets you view multiple types of information or controls at the same time.

Getting Started 1

Re-dock Sidebar Dialogs to Split Sidebar

Sidebar dialogs can be re-docked to either half or full height of the sidebar. 1 Drag the dialog title back to the desired sidebar target.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 53

1 Getting Started

You can display two dialogs in the sidebar at the same time.

Select Dialog Menus and Close Dialogs

• Touch the blue menu icon in the dialog for options.

• Touch the red "X" icon to close a dialog.

54 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Drag Cursors

When cursors are displayed, you can drag the name handles to position them.

Getting Started 1

Touch Softkeys and Menus On the Screen

• Touch onscreen softkey labels to select them.

This is the same as pressing the softkey keys.

• When softkeys provide menus, double-touch to select a menu item.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 55

1 Getting Started

This may be an easier than selecting a menu item via the Entry knob.

Enter Names Using Alpha-Numeric Keypad Dialogs

Some softkeys open alpha-numeric dialogs that let you touch to enter names.

56 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Getting Started 1

Change Waveform Offsets By Dragging Ground Reference Icons

You can drag ground icons to change a waveform's vertical offset.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 57

1 Getting Started

Access Controls and Menus Via the Menu Icon

1 Touch the upper-left menu icon to open the main menu.

2 Touch left side controls to perform oscilloscope operations.

58 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Getting Started 1

3 Touch menu items and submenu items to access menus and additional

controls.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 59

1 Getting Started

Turn Channels On/Off and Open Scale/Offset Dialogs

• Touch channel numbers to turn them on or off.

• When channels are on, touch the scale and offset values to access a dialog for changing them.

Access the Horizontal Menu and Open the Scale/Delay Dialog

• Touch "H" to access the Horizontal Menu.

• Touch the horizontal scale and delay values to access a dialog for changing them.

60 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Getting Started 1

Access the Trigger Menu, Change the Trigger Mode, and Open the Trigger Level Dialog

• Touch "T" to access the Trigger Menu.

• Touch the trigger level value(s) to access a dialog for changing the level(s).

• Touch "Auto" or "Trig'd" to quickly toggle the trigger mode.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 61

1 Getting Started

9. USB Device port

8. USB Host port

1. Power cord connector

2. Kensington lock hole

3. TRIG OUT connector

5. Calibration protect switch

4. 10 MHz REF connector

6. Digital channel inputs

7. VGA Video Out

10. LAN port

Use a USB Mouse and/or Keyboard for Touchscreen Controls

Connecting a USB mouse gives you a mouse pointer on the display. Mouse clicks and drags behave the same as screen touches and finger drags.

If you connect a USB keyboard, you can use it to enter values in alpha-numeric keypad dialogs.

Learn the Rear Panel Connectors

For the following figure, refer to the numbered descriptions in the table that follows.

62 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Getting Started 1

1. Power cord connector

2. Kensington lock hole

3. TRIG OUT connector

4. 10 MHz REF connector

5. Calibration protect switch

6. Digital channel inputs

7. VGA video output

8. USB Host port This port functions identically to the USB host port on the front panel. USB

Attach the power cord here.

This is where you can attach a Kensington lock for securing the instrument.

Trigger output BNC connector. See "Setting the Rear Panel TRIG OUT

Source" on page 363.

For synchronizing the timebase of multiple instruments. See "Setting the

Reference Signal Mode" on page 363.

See "To perform user calibration" on page 367.

Connect the digital probe cable to this connector (MSO models only). See

Chapter 6, “Digital Channels,” starting on page 131.

Lets you connect an external monitor or projector to provide a larger display or to provide a display at a viewing position away from the oscilloscope.

The oscilloscope's built-in display remains on even when an external display is connected. The video output connector is always active.

For optimal video quality and performance, we recommend you use a shielded video cable with ferrite cores.

Host Port is used for saving data from the oscilloscope and loading software updates. See also USB Host port (see page 46).

9. USB Device port

10. LAN port Lets you print to network printers (see Chapter 20, “Print (Screens),”

This port is for connecting the oscilloscope to a host PC. You can issue remote commands from a host PC to the oscilloscope via the USB device port. See "Remote Programming with Keysight IO Libraries" on page 380.

starting on page 347) and access the oscilloscope's built-in web server. See Chapter 22, “Web Interface,” starting on page 375 and "Accessing

the Web Interface" on page 376.

Learn the Oscilloscope Display

The oscilloscope display contains acquired waveforms, setup information, measurement results, and the softkey definitions.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 63

1 Getting Started

Analog channel sensitivity

Status line

Analog channels and ground levels

Trigger level

Digital channels

Softkeys

Menu line

Trigger point, time reference

Delay time

Time/ div

Run/Stop status

Trigger type

Trigger source

Measurements

Trigger level or digital threshold

Sidebar information and controls area

Cursors defining measurement

Measurement statistics

64 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Figure 1 Interpreting the oscilloscope display

Status line The top line of the display contains vertical, horizontal, and trigger setup

Display area The display area contains the waveform acquisitions, channel identifiers, and

information.

analog trigger, and ground level indicators. Each analog channel's information appears in a different color.

Signal detail is displayed using 256 levels of intensity. For more information about viewing signal detail see "To adjust waveform intensity" on page 155.

For more information about display modes see Chapter 8, “Display Settings,” starting on page 155.

Getting Started 1

Back

Sidebar information and controls area

Menu line This line normally contains menu name or other information associated with the

Softkey labels These labels describe softkey functions. Typically, softkeys let you set up

The sidebar information area can contain summary, cursors, measurements, or digital voltmeter information dialogs or it can contain navigation and other control dialogs.

For more information, see:

• "Select Sidebar Information or Controls" on page 52

• "Undock Sidebar Dialogs by Dragging" on page 53

selected menu.

additional parameters for the selected mode or menu.

Pressing the Back/Up key at the top of the menu hierarchy turns off softkey labels and displays additional status information describing channel offset and other configuration parameters.

Access the Built-In Quick Help

To view Quick Help 1 Press and hold the key or softkey for which you would like to view help.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 65

1 Getting Started

Quick Help message

Press and hold front panel key or softkey (or right-click softkey when using web browser remote front panel).

Quick Help remains on the screen until another key is pressed or a knob is turned.

To select the user

interface and

Quick Help

language

66 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

To select the user interface and Quick Help language:

1 Press [Help], then press the Language softkey. 2 Repeatedly press and release the Language softkey or rotate the Entry knob until

the desired language is selected.

The following languages are available: English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Russian, Simplified Chinese, Spanish, and Traditional Chinese.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes

User's Guide

2 Horizontal Controls

To adjust the horizontal (time/div) scale / 69 To adjust the horizontal delay (position) / 69 Panning and Zooming Single or Stopped Acquisitions / 70 To change the horizontal time mode (Normal, XY, or Roll) / 71 To display the zoomed time base / 75 To change the horizontal scale knob's coarse/fine adjustment setting / 76 To position the time reference (left, center, right, custom) / 77 Searching for Events / 77 Navigating the Time Base / 79

The horizontal controls include:

• The horizontal scale and position knobs.

•The [Horiz] key for accessing the Horizontal Menu.

• The zoom key for quickly enabling/disabling the split-screen zoom display.

•The [Search] key for finding events on analog channels or in serial decode.

•The [Navigate] keys for navigating time, search events, or segmented memory

acquisitions.

• Touchscreen controls for setting the horizontal scale and position (delay), accessing the Horizontal Menu, and navigating.

The following figure shows the Horizontal Menu which appears after pressing the [Horiz] key.

2 Horizontal Controls

Trigger point

Sample rate

Time reference

Delay time

Time/ div

Trigger source

Trigger level or threshold

XY or Roll mode

Normal time mode

Zoomed time base

Fine control

Time reference

68 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Figure 2 Horizontal Menu

The Horizontal Menu lets you select the time mode (Normal, XY, or Roll), enable Zoom, set the time base fine control (vernier), and specify the time reference.

The current sample rate is displayed in the Summary box in the right-side information area.

To adjust the horizontal (time/div) scale

1 Turn the large horizontal scale (sweep speed) knob marked to

change the horizontal time/div setting.

You can also make this adjustment using the touchscreen. See "Access the

Horizontal Menu and Open the Scale/Delay Dialog" on page 60.

Notice how the time/div information in the status line changes. The ∇ symbol at the top of the display indicates the time reference point.

The horizontal scale knob works (in the Normal time mode) while acquisitions are running or when they are stopped. When running, adjusting the horizontal scale knob changes the sample rate. When stopped, adjusting the horizontal scale knob lets you zoom into acquired data. See "Panning and Zooming Single or Stopped

Acquisitions" on page 70.

Note that the horizontal scale knob has a different purpose in the Zoom display. See "To display the zoomed time base" on page 75.

Horizontal Controls 2

To adjust the horizontal delay (position)

1 Turn the horizontal delay (position) knob ( ).

The trigger point moves horizontally, pausing at 0.00 s (mimicking a mechanical detent), and the delay value is displayed in the status line.

You can also make this adjustment using the touchscreen. See "Flick or Drag to

Scale, Position, and Change Offset" on page 50 and "Access the Horizontal Menu and Open the Scale/Delay Dialog" on page 60.

Changing the delay time moves the trigger point (solid inverted triangle) horizontally and indicates how far it is from the time reference point (hollow inverted triangle ∇). These reference points are indicated along the top of the display grid.

Figure 2 shows the trigger point with the delay time set to 200 µs. The delay time

number tells you how far the time reference point is located from the trigger point. When delay time is set to zero, the delay time indicator overlays the time reference indicator.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 69

2 Horizontal Controls

All events displayed left of the trigger point happened before the trigger occurred. These events are called pre-trigger information, and they show events that led up to the trigger point.

Everything to the right of the trigger point is called post-trigger information. The amount of delay range (pre-trigger and post-trigger information) available depends on the time/div selected and memory depth.

The horizontal position knob works (in the Normal time mode) while acquisitions are running or when they are stopped. When running, adjusting the horizontal scale knob changes the sample rate. When stopped, adjusting the horizontal scale knob lets you zoom into acquired data. See "Panning and Zooming Single or

Stopped Acquisitions" on page 70.

Note that the horizontal position knob has a different purpose in the Zoom display. See "To display the zoomed time base" on page 75.

Panning and Zooming Single or Stopped Acquisitions

When the oscilloscope is stopped, use the horizontal scale and position knobs to pan and zoom your waveform. The stopped display may contain several acquisitions worth of information, but only the last acquisition is available for pan and zoom.

The ability to pan (move horizontally) and scale (expand or compress horizontally) an acquired waveform is important because of the additional insight it can reveal about the captured waveform. This additional insight is often gained from seeing the waveform at different levels of abstraction. You may want to view both the big picture and the specific little picture details.

The ability to examine waveform detail after the waveform has been acquired is a benefit generally associated with digital oscilloscopes. Often this is simply the ability to freeze the display for the purpose of measuring with cursors or printing the screen. Some digital oscilloscopes go one step further by including the ability to further examine the signal details after acquiring them by panning through the waveform and changing the horizontal scale.

There is no limit imposed on the scaling ratio between the time/div used to acquire the data and the time/div used to view the data. There is, however, a useful limit. This useful limit is somewhat a function of the signal you are analyzing.

70 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Horizontal Controls 2

NOTE

Zooming into stopped acquisitions

The screen will still contain a relatively good display if you zoom-in horizontally by a factor of 1000 and zoom-in vertically by a factor of 10 to display the information from where it was acquired. Remember that you can only make automatic measurements on displayed data.

To change the horizontal time mode (Normal, XY, or Roll)

1 Press [Horiz]. 2 In the Horizontal Menu, press Time Mode; then, select:

• Normal — the normal viewing mode for the oscilloscope.

In the Normal time mode, signal events occurring before the trigger are plotted to the left of the trigger point (▼) and signal events after the trigger plotted to the right of the trigger point.

• XY — XY mode changes the display from a volts-versus-time display to a

volts-versus-volts display. The time base is turned off. Channel 1 amplitude is plotted on the X-axis and Channel 2 amplitude is plotted on the Y-axis.

You can use XY mode to compare frequency and phase relationships between two signals. XY mode can also be used with transducers to display strain versus displacement, flow versus pressure, volts versus current, or voltage versus frequency.

Use the cursors to make measurements on XY mode waveforms.

For more information about using XY mode for measurements, refer to "XY

Time Mode" on page 72.

• Roll — causes the waveform to move slowly across the screen from right to

left. It only operates on time base settings of 50 ms/div and slower. If the current time base setting is faster than the 50 ms/div limit, it will be set to 50 ms/div when Roll mode is entered.

In Roll mode there is no trigger. The fixed reference point on the screen is the right edge of the screen and refers to the current moment in time. Events that have occurred are scrolled to the left of the reference point. Since there is no trigger, no pre-trigger information is available.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 71

2 Horizontal Controls

sinθ =Aor

XY Time Mode

Example This exercise shows a common use of the XY display mode by measuring the

If you would like to pause the display in Roll mode press the [Single] key. To clear the display and restart an acquisition in Roll mode, press the [Single] key again.

Use Roll mode on low-frequency waveforms to yield a display much like a strip chart recorder. It allows the waveform to roll across the display.

The XY time mode converts the oscilloscope from a volts-versus-time display to a volts-versus-volts display using two input channels. Channel 1 is the X-axis input, channel 2 is the Y-axis input. You can use various transducers so the display could show strain versus displacement, flow versus pressure, volts versus current, or voltage versus frequency.

phase difference between two signals of the same frequency with the Lissajous method.

1 Connect a sine wave signal to channel 1, and a sine wave signal of the same

frequency but out of phase to channel 2.

2 Press the [Auto Scale] key, press the [Horiz] key; then, press Time Mode and select

"XY".

3 Center the signal on the display with the channel 1 and 2 position ( ) knobs.

Use the channel 1 and 2 volts/div knobs and the channel 1 and 2 Fine softkeys to expand the signal for convenient viewing.

The phase difference angle (θ) can be calculated using the following formula (assuming the amplitude is the same on both channels):

72 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Horizontal Controls 2

Signal must be cent ered i n “X”

Measuring

phase difference

Signals 90 degrees

out of phase

Signals

in phase

Figure 3 XY time mode signals, centered on display

4 Press the [Cursors] key. 5 Set the Y2 cursor to the top of the signal, and set Y1 to the bottom of the

signal. Note the ΔY value at the bottom of the display. In this example, we are using

the Y cursors, but you could have used the X cursors instead.

6 Move the Y1 and Y2 cursors to the intersection of the signal and the Y axis.

Again, note the ΔY value.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 73

2 Horizontal Controls

sinθ =

second Δ Y

first Δ Y

1.319

2.297

; θ = 35.05 degrees of phase shift

NOTE

Figure 4 Phase difference measurements, automatic and using cursors

7 Calculate the phase difference using the formula below.

For example, if the first ΔY value is 2.297 and the second ΔY value is 1.319:

Z-Axis Input in XY Display Mode (Blanking)

When you select the XY display mode, the time base is turned off. Channel 1 is the X-axis input, channel 2 is the Y-axis input, and the EXT TRIG IN is the Z-axis input. If you only want to see portions of the Y versus X display, use the Z-axis input. Z-axis turns the trace on and off (analog oscilloscopes called this Z-axis blanking because it turned the beam on and off). When Z is low (<1.4 V), Y versus X is displayed; when Z is high (>1.4 V), the trace is turned off.

74 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

To display the zoomed time base

These markers show the beginning and end of the Zoom window

Normal window

Time/div for zoomed window

Time/div for normal window

Delay time momentarily displays when the Horizontal position knob is turned

Zoom window

Signal anomaly expanded in zoom window

Select Zoom

Zoom, formerly called Delayed sweep mode, is a horizontally expanded version of the normal display. When Zoom is selected, the display divides in half. The top half of the display shows the normal time/div window and the bottom half displays a faster Zoom time/div window.

The Zoom window is a magnified portion of the normal time/div window. You can use Zoom to locate and horizontally expand part of the normal window for a more detailed (higher-resolution) analysis of signals.

To turn on (or off ) Zoom:

1 Press the zoom key (or press the [Horiz] key and then the Zoom softkey).

Horizontal Controls 2

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 75

2 Horizontal Controls

The area of the normal display that is expanded is outlined with a box and the rest of the normal display is ghosted. The box shows the portion of the normal sweep that is expanded in the lower half.

To change the time/div for the Zoom window, turn the horizontal scale (sweep speed) knob. As you turn the knob, the zoomed window time/div is highlighted in the status line above the waveform display area. The Horizontal scale (sweep speed) knob controls the size of the box.

The Horizontal position (delay time) knob sets the left-to-right position of the zoom window. The delay value, which is the time displayed relative to the trigger point) is momentarily displayed in the upper-right portion of the display when the

delay time ( ) knob is turned.

Negative delay values indicate you're looking at a portion of the waveform before the trigger event, and positive values indicate you're looking at the waveform after the trigger event.

To change the time/div of the normal window, turn off Zoom; then, turn the horizontal scale (sweep speed) knob.

For information about using zoom mode for measurements, refer to "To isolate a

pulse for Top measurement" on page 260 and "To isolate an event for frequency measurement" on page 267.

To change the horizontal scale knob's coarse/fine adjustment setting

1 Push the horizontal scale knob (or press [Horiz] > Fine) to toggle between fine

and coarse adjustment of the horizontal scale.

When Fine is enabled, turning the horizontal scale knob changes the time/div (displayed in the status line at the top of the display) in smaller increments. The time/div remains fully calibrated when Fine is on.

When Fine is turned off, the Horizontal scale knob changes the time/div setting in a 1-2-5 step sequence.

76 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Horizontal Controls 2

To position the time reference (left, center, right, custom)

Time reference is the reference point on the display for delay time (horizontal position).

1 Press [Horiz]. 2 In the Horizontal Menu, press Time Ref; then, select:

• Left — the time reference is set to one major division from the left edge of the

display.

• Center — the time reference is set to the center of the display.

• Right — the time reference is set to one major division from the right edge of

the display.

• Custom Location — lets you place the time reference location at a percent of

the graticule width (where 0% is the left edge and 100% is the right edge).

A small hollow triangle (∇) at the top of the display grid marks the position of the time reference. When delay time is set to zero, the trigger point indicator (▼) overlays the time reference indicator.

The time reference position sets the initial position of the trigger event within acquisition memory and on the display, with delay set to 0.

Turning the Horizontal scale (sweep speed) knob expands or contracts the waveform about the time reference point (∇). See "To adjust the horizontal

(time/div) scale" on page 69.

Turning the Horizontal position ( ) knob in Normal mode (not Zoom) moves the trigger point indicator (▼) to the left or right of the time reference point (∇). See

"To adjust the horizontal delay (position)" on page 69.

Searching for Events

You can use the [Search] key and menu to search for Edge, Pulse Width, Rise/Fall Time, Runt, Frequency Peaks, and Serial events on the analog channels.

Setting up searches (see "To set up searches" on page 78) is similar to setting up triggers. In fact, except for Frequency Peaks and Serial events, you can copy search setups to trigger setups and vice-versa (see "To copy search setups" on page 78).

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 77

2 Horizontal Controls

To set up searches

Searches are different than triggers in that they use the measurement threshold settings instead of trigger levels.

Found search events are marked with white triangles at the top of the graticule, and the number of events found is displayed in the menu line just above the softkey labels.

1 Press [Search]. 2 In the Search Menu, press Search; then, turn the Entry knob to select the search

type.

3 Use the remaining softkeys to set up the selected search type.

In most cases, setting up searches is similar to setting up triggers:

• For setting up Edge searches, see "Edge Trigger" on page 174.

• For setting up Pulse Width searches, see "Pulse Width Trigger" on

page 178.

• For setting up Rise/Fall Time searches, see "Rise/Fall Time Trigger" on

page 185.

• For setting up Runt searches, see "Runt Trigger" on page 192.

• For setting up Frequency Peak searches, see "Searching for FFT Peaks" on

page 108.

• For setting up Serial searches, see "Serial Trigger" on page 208 and

"Searching Lister Data" on page 153.

Remember that searches use the measurement threshold settings instead of trigger levels. Use the Thresholds softkey in the Search Menu to access the Measurement Threshold Menu. See "Measurement Thresholds" on page 279.

To copy search setups

Except for Frequency Peak and Serial event search setups, you can copy search setups to trigger setups and vice-versa.

1 Press [Search]. 2 In the Search Menu, press Search; then, turn the Entry knob to select the search

type.

3 Press Copy.

78 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

4 In the Search Copy Menu:

• Press Copy to Trigger to copy the setup for the selected search type to the

same trigger type. For example, if the current search type is Pulse Width, pressing Copy to Trigger copies the search settings to the Pulse Width trigger settings and selects the Pulse Width trigger.

• Press Copy from Trigger to copy the trigger setup for the selected search type

to the search setup.

• To undo a copy, press Undo Copy.

The softkeys in the Search Copy Menu may not be available when one of the settings cannot be copied or there is no trigger type that corresponds to the search type.

Navigating the Time Base

You can use the [Navigate] key and controls to navigate through:

• Captured data (see "To navigate time" on page 79).

• Search events (see "To navigate search events" on page 80).

• Segments, when segmented memory acquisitions are turned on (see "To

navigate segments" on page 80).

Horizontal Controls 2

You can also access navigation controls on the touchscreen. See "Select Sidebar

Information or Controls" on page 52.

To navigate time

When acquisitions are stopped, you can use the navigation controls to play through the captured data.

1 Press [Navigate]. 2 In the Navigate Menu, press Navigate; then, select Time.

3 Press the navigation keys to play backward, stop, or play forward in

time. You can press the or keys multiple times to speed up the playback. There are three speed levels.

You can also access navigation controls on the touchscreen. See "Select Sidebar

Information or Controls" on page 52.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 79

2 Horizontal Controls

To navigate search events

When acquisitions are stopped, you can use the navigation controls to go to found search events (set using the [Search] key and menu, see "Searching for Events" on page 77).

1 Press [Navigate]. 2 In the Navigate Menu, press Navigate; then, select Search.

3 Press the back and forward keys to go to the previous or next search

event.

When searching Serial decode:

• You can press the stop key to set or clear a mark.

•The Auto zoom softkey specifies whether the waveform display is automatically zoomed to fit the marked row as you navigate.

• Pressing the Scroll Lister softkey lets you use the Entry knob to scroll through data rows in the Lister display.

You can also access navigation controls on the touchscreen. See "Select Sidebar

Information or Controls" on page 52.

To navigate segments

When the segmented memory acquisition is enabled and acquisitions are stopped, you can use the navigation controls to play through the acquired segments.

1 Press [Navigate]. 2 In the Navigate Menu, press Navigate; then, select Segments. 3 Press Play Mode; then, select:

• Manual — to play through segments manually.

In the Manual play mode:

• Press the back and forward keys to go to the previous or next

segment.

• Press the softkey to go to the first segment.

• Press the softkey to go to the last segment.

• Auto — to play through segments in an automated fashion.

80 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Horizontal Controls 2

In the Auto play mode:

• Press the navigation keys to play backward, stop, or play

forward in time. You can press the or keys multiple times to speed up the playback. There are three speed levels.

You can also access navigation controls on the touchscreen. See "Select Sidebar

Information or Controls" on page 52.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 81

2 Horizontal Controls

82 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes

User's Guide

3 Vertical Controls

To turn waveforms on or off (channel or math) / 84 To adjust the vertical scale / 85 To adjust the vertical position / 85 To specify channel coupling / 86 To specify channel input impedance / 86 To specify bandwidth limiting / 87 To change the vertical scale knob's coarse/fine adjustment setting / 87 To invert a waveform / 88 Setting Analog Channel Probe Options / 88

The vertical controls include:

• The vertical scale and position knobs for each analog channel.

• The channel keys for turning a channel on or off and accessing the channel's softkey menu.

• Touchscreen controls for setting the vertical scale and position (offset) and accessing the Channel menus.

The following figure shows the Channel 1 Menu that appears after pressing the [1] channel key.

3 Vertical Controls

Channel, Volts/div

Channel 1 ground level

Trigger source

Trigger level or threshold

Channel 2 ground level

The ground level of the signal for each displayed analog channel is identified by the position of the icon at the far-left side of the display.

To turn waveforms on or off (channel or math)

1 Press an analog channel key turn the channel on or off (and to display the

channel's menu).

When a channel is on, its key is illuminated.

You can also do this using the touchscreen. See "Turn Channels On/Off and

Open Scale/Offset Dialogs" on page 60.

84 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

NOTE

Turning channels off

You must be viewing the menu for a channel before you can turn it off. For example, if channel 1 and channel 2 are turned on and the menu for channel 2 is being displayed, to turn channel 1 off, press [1] to display the channel 1 menu; then, press [1] again to turn channel 1 off.

To adjust the vertical scale

1 Turn the large knob above the channel key marked to set the vertical

scale (volts/division) for the channel.

You can also do this using the touchscreen. See "Turn Channels On/Off and

Open Scale/Offset Dialogs" on page 60.

The vertical scale knob changes the analog channel scale in a 1-2-5 step sequence (with a 1:1 probe attached) unless fine adjustment is enabled (see "To

change the vertical scale knob's coarse/fine adjustment setting" on page 87).

Vertical Controls 3

The analog channel Volts/Div value is displayed in the status line.

The default mode for expanding the signal when you turn the volts/division knob is vertical expansion about the ground level of the channel; however, you can change this to expand about the center of the display. See "To choose "expand

about" center or ground" on page 359.

To adjust the vertical position

1 Turn the small vertical position knob ( ) to move the channel's waveform up or

down on the display.

You can also make this adjustment using the touchscreen. See "Change

Waveform Offsets By Dragging Ground Reference Icons" on page 57 and "Turn Channels On/Off and Open Scale/Offset Dialogs" on page 60.

The offset voltage value represents the voltage difference between the vertical center of the display and the ground level ( ) icon. It also represents the voltage

at the vertical center of the display if vertical expansion is set to expand about ground (see "To choose "expand about" center or ground" on page 359).

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 85

3 Vertical Controls

TIP

NOTE

To specify channel coupling

Coupling changes the channel's input coupling to either AC (alternating current) or DC (direct current).

If the channel is DC coupled, you can quickly measure the DC component of the signal by simply noting its distance from the ground symbol.

If the channel is AC coupled, the DC component of the signal is removed, allowing you to use greater sensitivity to display the AC component of the signal.

1 Press the desired channel key. 2 In the Channel Menu, press the Coupling softkey to select the input channel

coupling:

• DC — DC coupling is useful for viewing waveforms as low as 0 Hz that do not

have large DC offsets.

• AC — AC coupling is useful for viewing waveforms with large DC offsets.

When AC coupling is chosen, you cannot select 50Ω mode. This is done to prevent damage to the oscilloscope.

AC coupling places a 10 Hz high-pass filter in series with the input waveform that removes any DC offset voltage from the waveform.

Note that Channel Coupling is independent of Trigger Coupling. To change trigger coupling see "To select the trigger coupling" on page 215.

To specify channel input impedance

When you connect an AutoProbe, self-sensing probe, or a compatible InfiniiMax probe, the oscilloscope automatically configures the analog input channels to the correct impedance.

1 Press the desired channel key. 2 In the Channel Menu, press Imped (impedance); then, select either:

86 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Vertical Controls 3

• 50 Ohm — matches 50 ohm cables commonly used in making high frequency

measurements, and 50 ohm active probes.

When 50 Ohm input impedance is selected, it is displayed with the channel information on-screen.

When AC coupling is selected (see "To specify channel coupling" on page 86) or excessive voltage is applied to the input, the oscilloscope automatically switches to 1M Ohm mode to prevent possible damage.

• 1M Ohm — is for use with many passive probes and for general-purpose

measurements. The higher impedance minimizes the loading effect of the oscilloscope on the device under test.

This impedance matching gives you the most accurate measurements because reflections are minimized along the signal path.

See Also • For more information on probing, visit: www.keysight.com/find/scope_probes

• Information about selecting a probe can be found in document number

Keysight Oscilloscope Probes and Accessories Selection Guide (part number

5989-6162EN), available at www.keysight.com.

To specify bandwidth limiting

1 Press the desired channel key. 2 In the Channel Menu, press the BW Limit softkey to enable or disable bandwidth

limiting.

When bandwidth limit is on, the maximum bandwidth for the channel is approximately 20 MHz. For waveforms with frequencies below this, turning bandwidth limit on removes unwanted high frequency noise from the waveform. The bandwidth limit also limits the trigger signal path of any channel that has BW Limit turned on.

To change the vertical scale knob's coarse/fine adjustment setting

1 Push the channel's vertical scale knob (or press the channel key and then the

Fine softkey in the Channel Menu) to toggle between fine and coarse

adjustment of the vertical scale.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 87

3 Vertical Controls

You can also do this using the touchscreen. See "Turn Channels On/Off and

Open Scale/Offset Dialogs" on page 60.

When Fine adjustment is selected, you can change the channel's vertical sensitivity in smaller increments. The channel sensitivity remains fully calibrated when Fine is on.

The vertical scale value is displayed in the status line at the top of the display.

When Fine is turned off, turning the volts/division knob changes the channel sensitivity in a 1-2-5 step sequence.

To invert a waveform

1 Press the desired channel key. 2 In the Channel Menu, press the Invert softkey to invert the selected channel.

When Invert is selected, the voltage values of the displayed waveform are inverted.

Invert affects how a channel is displayed. However, when using basic triggers, the oscilloscope attempts to maintain the same trigger point by changing trigger settings.

Inverting a channel also changes the result of any math function selected in the Waveform Math Menu or any measurement.

Setting Analog Channel Probe Options

1 Press the probe's associated channel key. 2 In the Channel Menu, press the Probe softkey to display the Channel Probe

Menu.

This menu lets you select additional probe parameters such as attenuation factor and units of measurement for the connected probe.

The Channel Probe Menu changes depending on the type of probe connected.

88 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

For passive probes (such as the N2862A/B, N2863A/B, N2889A, N2890A, 10073C, 10074C, or 1165A probes), the Probe Check softkey appears; it guides you through the process of compensating probes.

For some active probes (such as InfiniiMax probes), the oscilloscope can accurately calibrate its analog channels for the probe. When you connect a probe that can be calibrated, the Calibrate Probe softkey appears (and the probe attenuation softkey may change). See "To calibrate a probe" on page 90.

See Also • "To specify the channel units" on page 89

• "To specify the probe attenuation" on page 89

• "To specify the probe skew" on page 90

To specify the channel units

1 Press the probe's associated channel key. 2 In the Channel Menu, press Probe. 3 In the Channel Probe Menu, press Units; then, select:

• Volts — for a voltage probe.

• Amps — for a current probe.

Channel sensitivity, trigger level, measurement results, and math functions will reflect the measurement units you have selected.

Vertical Controls 3

To specify the probe attenuation

This is set automatically if the oscilloscope can identify the connected probe. See Analog channel inputs (see page 46).

The probe attenuation factor must be set properly for accurate measurement results.

If you connect a probe that is not automatically identified by the oscilloscope, you can manually set the attenuation factor as follows:

1 Press the channel key. 2 Press the Probe softkey until you have selected how you want to specify the

attenuation factor, choosing either Ratio or Decibels.

3 Turn the Entry knob to set the attenuation factor for the connected probe.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 89

3 Vertical Controls

To specify the probe skew

When measuring voltage values, the attenuation factor can be set from 0.001:1 to 10000:1 in a 1-2-5 sequence.

When measuring current values with a current probe, the attenuation factor can be set from 10 V/A to 0.0001 V/A.

When specifying the attenuation factor in decibels, you can select values from

-20 dB to 80 dB.

If Amps is chosen as the units and a manual attenuation factor is chosen, then the units as well as the attenuation factor are displayed above the Probe softkey.

When measuring time intervals in the nanoseconds (ns) range, small differences in cable length can affect the measurement. Use Skew to remove cable-delay errors between any two channels.

1 Probe the same point with both probes. 2 Press one of the probes associated channel key. 3 In the Channel Menu, press Probe. 4 In the Channel Probe Menu, press Skew; then, select the desired skew value.

Each analog channel can be adjusted ±100 ns in 10 ps increments for a total of 200 ns difference.

The skew setting is not affected by pressing [Default Setup] or [Auto Scale].

To calibrate a probe

The Calibrate Probe softkey guides you through the process of calibrating probes.

For certain active probes, such as InfiniiMax probes, the oscilloscope can accurately calibrate its analog channels for the probe. When you connect a probe that can be calibrated, the Calibrate Probe softkey in the Channel Probe Menu becomes active.

To calibrate one of these probes:

90 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Vertical Controls 3

NOTE

1 First, plug your probe into one of the oscilloscope channels.

This could be, for example, an InfiniiMax probe amplifier/probe head with attenuators attached.

2 Connect the probe to the left side, Demo 2, Probe Comp terminal, and the

probe ground to the ground terminal.

When calibrating a differential probe, connect the positive lead to the Probe Comp terminal and the negative lead to the ground terminal. You may need to connect an alligator clip to the ground lug to allow a differential probe to span between the Probe Comp test point and ground. A good ground connection ensures the most accurate probe calibration.

3 Press the Channel on/off key to turn the channel on (if the channel is off). 4 In the Channel Menu, press the Probe softkey. 5 In the Channel Probe Menu, the second softkey from the left is for specifying

your probe head (and attenuation). Repeatedly press this softkey until the probe head selection matches the attenuator you are using.

The choices are:

• 10:1 single-ended browser (no attenuator).

• 10:1 differential browser (no attenuator).

• 10:1 (+6 dB Atten) single-ended browser.

• 10:1 (+6 dB Atten) differential browser.

• 10:1 (+12 dB Atten) single-ended browser.

• 10:1 (+12 dB Atten) differential browser.

• 10:1 (+20 dB Atten) single-ended browser.

• 10:1 (+20 dB Atten) differential browser.

6 Press the Calibrate Probe softkey and follow the instructions on the display.

For more information on InfiniiMax probes and accessories, see the probe's User's Guide.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 91

3 Vertical Controls

92 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes

User's Guide

4 Math Waveforms

To display math waveforms / 93 To adjust the math waveform scale and offset / 95 Units for Math Waveforms / 95 Math Operators / 96 Math Transforms / 98 Math Filters / 117 Math Visualizations / 120

You can define up to four math functions. One math function waveform can be displayed at a time. The math function waveform is displayed in light purple.

Math functions can be performed on analog channels or they can be performed on lower math functions when using operators other than add, subtract, multiply, or divide.

To display math waveforms

1 Press the [Math] key on the front panel to display the Waveform Math Menu.

2 Press the Display Math softkey and turn the Entry knob to select the math

function you want to display. Then, either push the Entry knob or press the

Display Math softkey again to display the selected math function.

3 Use the Operator softkey to select an operator, transform, filter, or visualization.

4 Math Waveforms

TIP

For more information on the operators, see:

• "Math Operators" on page 96

• "Math Transforms" on page 98

• "Math Filters" on page 117

• "Math Visualizations" on page 120

4 Use the Source 1 softkey to select the analog channel, lower math function, or

reference waveform on which to perform math. You can rotate the Entry knob or repetitively press the Source 1 softkey to make your selection.

Higher math functions can operate on lower math functions when using operators other than the simple arithmetic operations (+, -, *, /). For example, if Math 1 is set up as a subtract operation between channels 1 and 2, the Math 2 function could be set up as a FFT operation on the Math 1 function. These are called cascaded math functions.

To cascade math functions, select the lower math function using the Source 1 softkey.

When cascading math functions, to get the most accurate results, be sure to vertically scale lower math functions so that their waveforms take up the full screen without being clipped.

5 If you selected an arithmetic operator for the math function, use the Source 2

softkey to select the second source for the arithmetic operation.

6 To re-size and re-position the math waveform, see "To adjust the math

waveform scale and offset" on page 95.

Math Operating Hints

If the analog channel or math function is clipped (not fully displayed on screen) the resulting displayed math function will also be clipped.

Once the function is displayed, the analog channel(s) may be turned off for better viewing of the math waveform.

The vertical scaling and offset of each math function can be adjusted for ease of viewing and measurement considerations.

The math function waveform can be measured using [Cursors] and/or [Meas].

94 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

To adjust the math waveform scale and offset

NOTE

1 Make sure the multiplexed scale and position knobs above and below the [Math]

key are selected for the math waveform.

If the arrow to the left of the [Math] key is not illuminated, press the key.

2 Use the multiplexed scale and position knobs above and below the [Math] key to

re-size and re-position the math waveform.

Math Scale and Offset are Set Automatically

Any time the currently displayed math function definition is changed, the function is automatically scaled for optimum vertical scale and offset. If you manually set scale and offset for a function, select a new function, then select the original function, the original function will be automatically rescaled.

See Also • "Units for Math Waveforms" on page 95

Math Waveforms 4

Units for Math Waveforms

Units for each input channel can be set to Volts or Amps using the Units softkey in the channel's Probe Menu. Units for math function waveforms are:

Math function Units

add or subtract V or A

multiply

d/dt V/s or A/s (V/second or A/second)

 dt

FFT See "FFT Units" on page 110.

√(square root)

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 95

, A2, or W (Volt-Amp)

Vs or As (V-seconds or A-seconds)

1/2

, A

, or W

1/2

(Volt-Amp)

4 Math Waveforms

A scale unit of U (undefined) will be displayed for math functions when two source channels are used and they are set to dissimilar units and the combination of units cannot be resolved.

Math Operators

Math operators perform arithmetic operations (like add, subtract, or multiply) on analog input channels.

• "Add or Subtract" on page 96

• "Multiply or Divide" on page 97

Add or Subtract

When you select add or subtract, the Source 1 and Source 2 values are added or subtracted point by point, and the result is displayed.

You can use subtract to make a differential measurement or to compare two waveforms.

96 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

If your waveforms' DC offsets are larger than the dynamic range of the oscilloscope's input channels you will need to use a differential probe instead.

Math Waveforms 4

Figure 5 Example of Subtract Channel 2 from Channel 1

See Also • "Units for Math Waveforms" on page 95

Multiply or Divide

When you select the multiply or divide math function, the Source 1 and Source 2 values are multiplied or divided point by point, and the result is displayed.

The divide by zero case places holes (that is, zero values) in the output waveform.

Multiply is useful for seeing power relationships when one of the channels is proportional to the current.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 97

4 Math Waveforms

Figure 6 Example of Multiply Channel 1 by Channel 2

See Also • "Units for Math Waveforms" on page 95

Math Transforms

Math transforms perform a transform function (like differentiate, integrate, FFT, or square root) on an analog input channel or on the result of an arithmetic operation.

• "Differentiate" on page 99

• "Integrate" on page 100

• "FFT Magnitude, FFT Phase" on page 103

• "Square Root" on page 113

• "Ax + B" on page 113

98 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

• "Square" on page 114

di=

i+4

+2y

i+2

−2y

i−2

− y

i−4

8Δt

• "Absolute Value" on page 115

• "Common Logarithm" on page 115

• "Natural Logarithm" on page 116

• "Exponential" on page 116

• "Base 10 Exponential" on page 117

Differentiate

d/dt (differentiate) calculates the discrete time derivative of the selected source.

You can use differentiate to measure the instantaneous slope of a waveform. For example, the slew rate of an operational amplifier may be measured using the differentiate function.

Because differentiation is very sensitive to noise, it is helpful to set acquisition mode to Averaging (see "Selecting the Acquisition Mode" on page 227).

d/dt plots the derivative of the selected source using the "average slope estimate at 4 points" formula. The equation is:

Math Waveforms 4

Where:

• d = differential waveform.

• y = channel 1, 2, 3, 4, or Math 1, Math 2, Math 3 (lower math function) data points.

• i = data point index.

• Δt = point-to-point time difference.

Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide 99

4 Math Waveforms

Figure 7 Example of Differentiate Function

See Also • "Units for Math Waveforms" on page 95

Integrate

 dt (integrate) calculates the integral of the selected source. It shows the accumulated amount of change.

You can use integrate to calculate the energy of a pulse in volt-seconds or measure the area under a waveform by measuring the difference in the integrate function value across the pulse or waveform.

 dt plots the integral of the source using the "Trapezoidal Rule". The equation is:

100 Keysight InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes User's Guide

Keysight MSO-X 4022A, MSO-X 4032A, MSO-X 4052A User Guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes—At a Glance

In This Guide

Contents

1 Getting Started

Inspect the Package Contents

Attaching the Accessory Pouch

Tilt the Oscilloscope for Easy Viewing

Power-On the Oscilloscope

Connect Probes to the Oscilloscope

Input a Waveform

Recall the Default Oscilloscope Setup

Use Autoscale

Compensate Passive Probes

Learn the Front Panel Controls and Connectors

Front Panel Overlays for Different Languages

Learn the Touchscreen Controls

Draw Rectangles for Waveform Zoom or Zone Trigger Set Up

Flick or Drag to Scale, Position, and Change Offset

Select Sidebar Information or Controls

Undock Sidebar Dialogs by Dragging

Re-dock Sidebar Dialogs to Split Sidebar

Select Dialog Menus and Close Dialogs

Drag Cursors

Touch Softkeys and Menus On the Screen

Enter Names Using Alpha-Numeric Keypad Dialogs

Change Waveform Offsets By Dragging Ground Reference Icons

Access Controls and Menus Via the Menu Icon

Turn Channels On/Off and Open Scale/Offset Dialogs

Access the Horizontal Menu and Open the Scale/Delay Dialog

Access the Trigger Menu, Change the Trigger Mode, and Open the Trigger Level Dialog

Use a USB Mouse and/or Keyboard for Touchscreen Controls

Learn the Rear Panel Connectors

Learn the Oscilloscope Display

Figure 1 Interpreting the oscilloscope display

Access the Built-In Quick Help

2 Horizontal Controls

Figure 2 Horizontal Menu

To adjust the horizontal (time/div) scale

To adjust the horizontal delay (position)

Panning and Zooming Single or Stopped Acquisitions

To change the horizontal time mode (Normal, XY, or Roll)

XY Time Mode

Figure 3 XY time mode signals, centered on display

Figure 4 Phase difference measurements, automatic and using cursors

To display the zoomed time base

To change the horizontal scale knob's coarse/fine adjustment setting

To position the time reference (left, center, right, custom)

Searching for Events

To set up searches

To copy search setups

Navigating the Time Base

To navigate time

To navigate search events

To navigate segments

3 Vertical Controls

To turn waveforms on or off (channel or math)

To adjust the vertical scale

To adjust the vertical position

To specify channel coupling

To specify channel input impedance

To specify bandwidth limiting

To change the vertical scale knob's coarse/fine adjustment setting

To invert a waveform

Setting Analog Channel Probe Options

To specify the channel units

To specify the probe attenuation

To specify the probe skew

To calibrate a probe

4 Math Waveforms

To display math waveforms

To adjust the math waveform scale and offset

Units for Math Waveforms

Math Operators

Add or Subtract

Figure 5 Example of Subtract Channel 2 from Channel 1

Multiply or Divide