Keysight M1970 Series User Manual

Keysight M1970 Series
Harmonic Mixer

This manual provides documentation for use with:
X-Series Signal Analyzers (Option EXM)

User’s Guide

Notices

CAUTION

WARNING

Copyright Notice

© Keysight Technologies 2011 - 2017
No part of this manual may be repro-

duced in any form or by any means
(including electronic storage and
retrieval or translation into a foreign
language) without prior agreement and
written consent from Keysight Technol­ogies as governed by United States and
international copyright laws.

Manual Part Number

M1970-90001

Edition

Edition 4, August 11, 2017

Printed in:

Printed in Malaysia

Published by:

Keysight Technologies
Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone,
11900 Penang, Malaysia

Technology Licenses

The hard ware and/or software
described in this document are fur­nished under a license and may be
used or copied only in accordance with
the terms of such license.

Declaration of Conformity

Declarations of Conformity for this
product and for other Keysight prod­ucts may be downloaded from the
Web. Go to http://www.keysight.com/

go/conformity. You can then search by

product number to find the latest Dec­laration of Conformity.

U.S. Government Rights

The Software is “commercial computer
software,” as defined by Federal Acqui­sition Regulation (“FAR”) 2.101. Pursu­ant to FAR 12.212 and 27.405-3 and
Department of Defense FAR Supple­ment (“DFARS”) 227.7202, the U.S.
government acquires commercial com­puter software under the same terms
by which the software is customarily
provided to the public. Accordingly,
Keysight provides the Software to U.S.
government customers under its stan­dard commercial license, which is
embodied in its End User License
Agreement (EULA), a copy of which can
be found at http://www.keysight.com/

find/sweula. The license set forth in the

EULA represents the exclusive authority
by which the U.S. government may use,
modify, distribute, or disclose the Soft­ware. The EULA and the license set
forth therein, does not require or per­mit, among other things, that Keysight:
(1) Furnish technical information
related to commercial computer soft­ware or commercial computer software
documentation that is not customarily
provided to the public; or (2) Relinquish
to, or otherwise provide, the govern­ment rights in excess of these rights
customarily provided to the public to
use, modify, reproduce, release, per­form, display, or disclose commercial
computer software or commercial com­puter software documentation. No
additional government requirements
beyond those set forth in the EULA
shall apply, except to the extent that
those terms, rights, or licenses are
explicitly required from all providers of
commercial computer software pursu­ant to the FAR and the DFARS and are
set forth specifically in writing else­where in the EULA. Keysight shall be
under no obligation to update, revise or
otherwise modify the Software. With
respect to any technical data as
defined by FAR 2.101, pursuant to FAR

12.211 and 27.404.2 and DFARS

227.7102, the U.S. government
acquires no greater than Limited Rights
as defined in FAR 27.401 or DFAR

227.7103-5 (c), as applicable in any
technical data.

Warranty

THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS
DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED “AS IS,”
AND IS SUBJECT TO BEING
CHANGED, WITHOUT NOTICE, IN
FUTURE EDITIONS. FURTHER, TO THE
MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW, KEYSIGHT DIS­CLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARD
TO THIS MANUAL AND ANY INFORMA­TION CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUD­ING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MER­CHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. KEYSIGHT
SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS
OR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSE­QUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION
WITH THE FURNISHING, USE, OR
PERFORMANCE OF THIS DOCUMENT
OR OF ANY INFORMATION CON­TAINED HEREIN. SHOULD KEYSIGHT
AND THE USER HAVE A SEPARATE
WRITTEN AGREEMENT WITH WAR­RANTY TERMS COVERING THE MATE­RIAL IN THIS DOCUMENT THAT
CONFLICT WITH THESE TERMS, THE
WARRANTY TERMS IN THE SEPARATE
AGREEMENT SHALL CONTROL.

Safety Information

A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It
calls attention to an operating proce­dure, practice, or the like that, if not
correctly performed or adhered to,
could result in damage to the product
or loss of important data. Do not pro­ceed beyond a CAUTION notice until
the indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.

A WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It
calls attention to an operating proce­dure, practice, or the like that, if not
correctly performed or adhered to,
could result in personal injury or death.
Do not proceed beyond a WARNING
notice until the indicated conditions are
fully understood and met.

2 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

Warranty

This Keysight Technologies instrument product is warranted against defects in
material and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment.
During the warranty period, Keysight Technologies will, at its option, either repair
or replace products that prove to be defective.

For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility
designated by Keysight Technologies. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to
Keysight Technologies, and Keysight Technologies shall pay shipping charges to
return the product to Buyer. For products returned to Keysight Technologies from
another country, Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and taxes.

Where to Find the Latest Information

Documentation is updated periodically. For the latest information about these
products, including instrument software upgrades, application information, and
product information, browse to one of the following URLs, according to the name
of your product:

– http://www.keysight.com/find/smartmixers

– http://www.keysight.com/find/pxa

To receive the latest updates by email, subscribe to Keysight Email Updates at the
following URL:

– http://www.keysight.com/find/emailupdates

Information on preventing analyzer damage can be found at:

– http://www.keysight.com/find/tips

Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide 3

Environmental Conditions

The M1970 Series is designed for indoor use and in an area with low
condensation. The table below shows the general environmental requirements for
this instrument.

Environmental condition Requirement

Temperature

Operating condition
– 0 °C to 55 °C
Storage condition
– –40 °C to 70 °C

Humidity

Altitude

Operating condition
– Up to 95% RH at 40 °C (non-condensing)

Operating condition
– <4572 meters (15000 feet)

4 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

Regulatory Information

The M1970 Series complies with the following Electromagnetic Compatibility
(EMC) compliances:

EMC compliance

This product conforms with the protection requirements of EMC Directive
2004/108/EC for Electromagnetic Compatibility.

The product complies to the EMC Directive by assessment according to the
IEC/EN61326-1 EMC standard.

In order to preserve the EMC performance of the product, any cable which
becomes worn or damaged must be replaced with the same type and
specifications.

– IEC/EN 61326-2-1

– CISPR Pub 11 Group 1, Class B

– AS/NZS CISPR 11

– ICES/NMB-001

This ISM device complies with Canadian ICES-001. Cet appareil ISM est
conforme a la norme NMB-001 du Canada.

Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide 5

Regulatory Markings

The CE mark is a registered trademark
of the European Community. This CE
mark shows that the product complies
with all the relevant European Legal
Directives.

This symbol indicates the time period
during which no hazardous or toxic
substance elements are expected to
leak or deteriorate during normal use.
Forty years is the expected useful life
of the product.

This instrument complies with the
WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC) marking
requirement. This affixed product label
indicates that you must not discard
this electrical or electronic product in
domestic household waste.

ICES/NMB-001 indicates that this ISM
device complies with the
Canadian ICES-001.
Cet appareil ISM est conforme a la
norme NMB-001 du Canada.

ISM GRP.1 Class A indicates that this
is an Industrial Scientific and Medical
Group 1 Class A product.

The RCM mark is a registered
trademark of the Australian
Communications and Media Authority.

This instrument is Class A suitable for
professional use and is for use in
electromagnetic environments outside
of the home.

6 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive
2002/96/EC

This instrument complies with the WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC) marking
requirement. This affixed product label indicates that you must not discard this
electrical or electronic product in domestic household waste.

Product category

With reference to the equipment types in the WEEE directive Annex 1, this
instrument is classified as a “Monitoring and Control Instrument” product.

The affixed product label is as shown below.

Do not dispose in domestic household waste.

To return this unwanted instrument, contact your nearest Keysight Service Center,
or visit http://about.keysight.com/en/companyinfo/environment/takeback.shtml
for more information.

Sales and Technical Support

To contact Keysight for sales and technical support, refer to the support links on
the following Keysight websites:

– www.keysight.com/find/smartmixers

(product-specific information and support, software and
documentation updates)

– www.keysight.com/find/assist

(worldwide contact information for repair and service)

Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide 7

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8 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

Table of Contents

Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Where to Find the Latest Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Regulatory Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

EMC compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Regulatory Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive

2002/96/EC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Product category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Sales and Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

1Overview

Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Initial Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Shipping problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Mixers Covered by This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Serial numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Instrument Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Spectrum Analyzer Retrofit Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

N9030A signal analyzer (requires Option EXM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

N9020A signal analyzer (requires Option EXM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

N9010A signal analyzer (requires Option EXM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

N9040B signal analyzer (Option EXM standard) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

2Operation

Operating Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

RF input power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

LO input power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Electrostatic discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Connect only one mixer at a time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide 9

Waveguide protection foam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Provide mechanical support for the mixer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Avoiding waveguide flange damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Mixer waveguide connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Using the M1970 Series Mixers with the N9030A, N9020A, and N9010A

Signal Analyzers (Option EXM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Equipment setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Amplitude calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

LO adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Viewing the external mixer setup screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Signal ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Using the M1970 Series Mixers with the N9040B Signal Analyzer

(Option EXM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Equipment setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Amplitude calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

LO adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Viewing the external mixer setup screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Signal ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

3 Troubleshooting and Maintenance

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Replaceable parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Returning an M1970 Series Mixer for Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Contacting Keysight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Shipping your product to Keysight for service or repair . . . . . . . . . 45

4 M1970 Series Specifications

General Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Physical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

10 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

List of Figures

Figure 1-1 Mixer overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Figure 2-1 External mixer setup screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Figure 2-2 External mixer setup screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Figure 4-1 M1970 Series dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

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12 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

List of Tables

Table 1-1 Standard shipped items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Table 1-2 Instrument options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Table 1-3 Option EXM retrofit for N9030A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Table 1-4 Option EXM retrofit for N9020A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Table 1-5 Option EXM retrofit for N9010A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Table 2-1 Equipment setup for M1970 Series mixers and

N9030A, N9020A, and N9010A signal analyzers

(Option EXM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Table 2-2 Operation of M1970 Series mixers and N9030A,

N9020A, and N9010A signal analyzers (Option

EXM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Table 2-3 Equipment setup for M1970 Series mixers and the

N9040B signal analyzer (Option EXM) . . . . . . . . . .33

Table 2-4 Operation of M1970 Series mixers and the N9040B

signal analyzer (Option EXM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

Table 3-1 Troubleshooting procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Table 3-2 Error messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Table 3-3 Replaceable parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Table 4-1 General specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

Table 4-2 Physical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

Table 4-3 Environmental specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide 13

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14 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

Keysight M1970 Series Harmonic Mixer
User’s Guide

1 Overview

Description 16
Initial Inspection 17
Mixers Covered by This Guide 18
Instrument Options 19
Spectrum Analyzer Retrofit Requirements 20

This chapter provides an overview of the Keysight M1970 Series harmonic mixer.

15

1Overview

Description

The Keysight M1970V/E/W waveguide harmonic mixer is an un-preselected mixer
that is used to extend the frequency range of the Keysight X-Series signal
analyzer for high-frequency wireless and millimeter wave applications.

With emphasis on ease-of-use, the embedded features of the mixer will
automatically transfer the conversion loss data from the mixer memory to the
signal analyzer through the USB plug-and-play feature. It will also auto detect the
mixer model and serial number to set the default frequency range.

Once the mixer is connected to the signal analyzer via both the SMA cable
connection and the USB connection, the signal analyzer and mixer can perform
an LO power adjustment that will compensate for SMA cable loss (cable length
<3 meters) and optimize the LO power present at the mixer.

16 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

Initial Inspection

Inspect the shipping container and the cushioning material for signs of stress.
Retain the shipping materials for future use, as you may wish to ship the
instrument to another location or to Keysight Technologies for service.

Table 1-1 Standard shipped items

Item Description

Overview 1

User’s Guide

SMA cable

USB cable

Certificate of calibration Provides information regarding the instrument calibration.

Waveguide screws Screws required for connection to the waveguide (5 ea).

Ball driver 3/32 inch hex driver for installation of the waveguide screws.

Wrench 5/16 inch for SMA cable installation.

Shipping problems

If the shipping materials are damaged or the contents of the container are
incomplete:

– Contact the nearest Keysight Technologies office.

– Keep the shipping materials for the carrier’s inspection.

Provides instructions on usage, retrofit requirements, troubleshooting,
specifications, and general information.

1 meter cable required to connect the mixer to the signal analyzer EXT
MIXER connector.

1.8 meter USB cable required to connect the mixer to the signal
analyzer.

– If you must return the instrument to Keysight Technologies, use the original (or

comparable) shipping materials. See “Returning an M1970 Series Mixer for

Service” on page 45.

Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide 17

1Overview

USB connector

LO/IF SMA connector

Waveguide
connector

Mixers Covered by This Guide

– M1970V Option 001: 50 to 75 GHz waveguide harmonic mixer

– M1970V Option 002: 50 to 80 GHz waveguide harmonic mixer

– M1970E: 60 to 90 GHz waveguide harmonic mixer

– M1970W: 75 to 110 GHz waveguide harmonic mixer

Serial numbers

A serial number label is attached to your mixer that shows the serial number and
country of manufacture.

Figure 1-1 Mixer overview

18 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

Instrument Options

The following options are available:

Table 1-2 Instrument options

Option number Description

M1970V/E/W-101 Cable, SMA, 1 meter, for LO/IF connection

M1970V/E/W-102 Cable, SMA, 3 meter, for LO/IF connection

M1970V/E/W-201 Cable, USB, 1.8 meter

M1970V/E/W-202 Cable, USB, 3 meter

M1970V/E/W-301 Jackstand

Overview 1

Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide 19

1Overview

NOTE

Spectrum Analyzer Retrofit Requirements

N9030A signal analyzer (requires Option EXM)

Instruments without Option EXM currently installed can be retrofitted to add the
hardware and licensing.

To retrofit Option EXM:

Table 1-3 Option EXM retrofit for N9030A

N9030A frequency option

Serial number prefix

<MY/US/SG5138 ≥MY/US/SG5138

550, 544, or 543 N9030AK-EXM

503, 508, 513, or 526 N9030AK-HL6

– The N9030A software revision must be A.08.52 or later for use with V or W

band mixers.

– The N9030A software revision must be A.11.00 or later for use with E band

mixers.

N9020A signal analyzer (requires Option EXM)

Instruments without Option EXM currently installed can be retrofitted to add the
hardware and licensing.

To retrofit Option EXM:

Table 1-4 Option EXM retrofit for N9020A

N9030AK-EXM

N9020A frequency

option

20 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

Serial number prefix

<MY/SG/US5233

No upgrade available N9020AK-EXM N9020AK-HL6

MY/SG/US5233 to

5327

≥MY/SG/US5328

NOTE

The N9020A software revision must be A.14.03 or later.

NOTE

NOTE

N9010A signal analyzer (requires Option EXM)

Instruments without Option EXM currently installed can be retrofitted to add the
hardware and licensing.

To retrofit Option EXM:

Table 1-5 Option EXM retrofit for N9010A

N9010A frequency option Upgrade kit

532 or 544 N9010AK-EXM

503, 507, 513, or 526 N/A

Overview 1

– The N9010A software revision must be A.10.52 or later for use with V or W

band mixers.

– The N9010A software revision must be A.11.00 or later for use with E band

mixers.

N9040B signal analyzer (Option EXM standard)

The N9040B is fully hardware-compliant since option EXM is standard on all
instruments.

The N9040B software revision must be A.15.05 or later.

Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide 21

1Overview

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22 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

Keysight M1970 Series Harmonic Mixer
User’s Guide

2 Operation

Operating Precautions 24
Using the M1970 Series Mixers with the N9030A, N9020A, and N9010A Signal

Analyzers (Option EXM) 26

Using the M1970 Series Mixers with the N9040B Signal Analyzer (Option EXM)

33

This chapter provides the operating information for the M1970 Series harmonic
mixer.

23

2Operation

WARNING

Operating Precautions

Do not exceed the maximum ratings listed below or permanent damage to
the mixer will result.

RF input power

Use the following parameters:

– CW: No greater than 20 dBm

– Peak pulse: No greater than 24 dBm at <1 μs

See the gain compression values for each model mixer. Use an appropriate
waveguide attenuator if the output power of the unit under test exceeds the gain
compression value.

LO input power

LO input power is set by the internal signal analyzer LO alignment. However, the
LO input must not exceed 20 dBm.

Always use a high quality low loss SMA cable since this will allow the longest
cable length, and prevent damage to the mixer SMA female connector.

Electrostatic discharge

When installing the mixer, always connect the LO/IF SMA cable to the signal
analyzer BEFORE connecting to the mixer. This will minimize the danger of an
electrostatic discharge damaging the mixer diodes.

Connect only one mixer at a time

The automatic LO adjustment and mixer ID process assumes only one mixer is
connected to the analyzer's USB and SMA EXT MIXER connections.

24 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

Waveguide protection foam

Do not remove, displace, or damage the non-conductive foam installed in the
open end of the waveguide. This foam keeps small objects from entering the
waveguide.

Provide mechanical support for the mixer

Assure the mixer body is properly supported so it does not present any stress on
the waveguide connection. Instrument Option 301 provides a jackstand that
allows a stable support and height adjustment.

Avoiding waveguide flange damage

Install the waveguide flange cap whenever the mixer is not connected to a device
under test. This will protect the waveguide flange mating surface.

Operation 2

Mixer waveguide connections

Assure the shoulder of the mixer waveguide flange is properly aligned with the
flange of the device under test. To ensure proper mating, it is important to tighten
all screws equally. To do this, tighten opposed screws in pairs by a small amount
until all are snug. Final torque must not exceed 7 in pounds.

Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide 25

2Operation

Using the M1970 Series Mixers with the N9030A, N9020A, and
N9010A Signal Analyzers (Option EXM)

Refer to “Spectrum Analyzer Retrofit Requirements” on page 20 for the
configuration requirements.

The following examples explain how to connect the external mixers to the signal
analyzer and how to use the signal-identification functions.

For additional information regarding use with a particular X-Series analyzer, refer
to that analyzer's User's Guide and Programmer's Reference Guide.

Equipment setup

Table 2-1 Equipment setup for M1970 Series mixers and N9030A, N9020A, and N9010A

signal analyzers (Option EXM)

Step Action Notes

SMA connection

USB connection

a Connect an SMA cable from

the mixer to the spectrum
analyzer EXT MIXER front panel
SMA.

a Connect a USB cable from the

mixer to the spectrum analyzer.

The torque for the SMA cables and adapters should not exceed 8 in-lbs.
The LO/IF connection between the mixer and the signal analyzer must be

in place before the USB cable from the mixer is connected. Connecting
the USB cable automatically triggers the LO adjustment, and if the LO/IF
cable is not connected the adjustment will not complete and an error will
occur.

When a connection is made, the green LED on the mixer lights up
indicating that the mixer has power and the processor inside the mixer is
running. The spectrum analyzer is automatically switched to external
mixing mode, and the mixer model number and mixer option are used to
set the start and stop frequencies for the mixing band.

26 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

Operation 2

EXT MIXER

SMA cable

LO/IF

USB cable

Signal input to
waveguide
connector

Tab le 2-1 Equipment setup (continued)for M1970 Series mixers and N9030A, N9020A, and

N9010A signal analyzers (Option EXM) (continued)

Step Action Notes

The spectrum analyzer performs an LO alignment using a detector in the mixer to set the LO Power. During
the alignment the yellow Busy LED turns on. Once the alignment completes, the mixer is ready to make
calibrated measurements since the conversion loss values stored in the mixer are automatically loaded to the
signal analyzer.

Operation

Tab le 2-2 Operation of M1970 Series mixers and N9030A, N9020A, and N9010A signal

analyzers (Option EXM)

Step Action Notes

a Apply a signal to the mixer

Tune the
analyzer

input.

b Press FREQ Channel and

enter a center frequency or a
start and stop frequency.

Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide 27

—

Multiple responses may appear on screen. Most of these responses are
images or multiples of the mixing process and not true signals.

2Operation

Table 2-2 Operation of M1970 Series mixers and N9030A, N9020A, and N9010A signal

analyzers (Option EXM) (continued)

Step Action Notes

Turn on the
signal
identification
function.

a Press Input/Output,

External Mixer, Signal ID
to On, Signal ID Mode,
Image Suppress.

28 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

This enables you to identify true signals from images and harmonics.
Refer to the following graphic.

Operation 2

Tab le 2-2 Operation of M1970 Series mixers and N9030A, N9020A, and N9010A signal

analyzers (Option EXM) (continued)

Step Action Notes

With wide spans,
increasing the
number of
sweep points
may improve the
effectiveness of
image
suppressing.

a Press Sweep/Control,

Points, enter the number, and
press Enter.

Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide 29

2Operation

Amplitude calibration

The M1970 Series mixers automatically download a conversion loss file to the
signal analyzer, and this conversion loss table is used to correct the measured
amplitude. It is not possible to view or edit the conversion loss file. The Certificate
of Calibration that is provided with each mixer lists the conversion loss measured
at the factory.

LO adjustment

The LO adjustment will run each time the USB connection is made, and if the
signal analyzer Alignments are set to Normal, the LO adjustment will be
performed based on time and temperature rules similar to the other signal
analyzer alignments. Both the mixer and the spectrum analyzer temperature
sensors are monitored by the alignment algorithm. If the Alignment is set to OFF,
the LO Alignment will not be performed based on time and temperature, and it
will be necessary for the user to determine when to perform alignments.

To manually trigger an LO alignment from the front panel, press System,
Alignments, Align Now, External Mixer.

Viewing the external mixer setup screen

The mixer setup screen contains information such as the mixer serial and model
numbers, harmonic mixing used, and status of the mixer connection. When the
USB mixer is connected, the Mixer Preset, Mixer Bias, and Edit Harmonic Table
keys are grayed out since these keys do not apply. However, if you unplug the
USB cable, the Mixer Presets key will become functional and the connection
status will show USB Mixer not connected.

To view the setup screen, press Input/Output, External Mixer, Ext Mix Setup.

30 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

Operation 2

Figure 2-1 External mixer setup screen

Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide 31

2Operation

NOTE

NOTE

Signal ID

Image Suppress

The Image Suppress mode of Signal ID mathematically removes all image and
multiple responses of signals present at the mixer input. Two hidden sweeps are
taken in succession. The second sweep is offset in LO frequency by 2*IF/N. For
each point in each trace, the smaller amplitude from the two traces is taken and
placed in that point in Trace 1. Responses of each trace that lie on top of one
another will remain and are valid signals, others are images and are suppressed.

This function takes control of and uses Trace 1. Any data in this trace prior to
activating Image Suppress will be lost.

In the Image Suppress mode, synchronization is ensured by first turning off Signal
ID, initiating a single sweep, then turning on Signal ID followed by two single
sweeps.

Image Shift

Like the Image Suppress mode, Image Shift is a two sweep sequence. The data
from the first sweep is placed in Trace 1 and the data from the second (LO
frequency shifted by 2*IF/N) sweep is placed in Trace 2. Signal responses of
Trace 1 and Trace 2 that have the same horizontal position are considered to be in
the current band and therefore can be analyzed with the amplitude and frequency
measurement systems of the SA. All other responses are invalid and should be
ignored.

This function takes control of and uses Trace 1 and Trace 2. Any data in these
traces prior to activating Image Shift will be lost.

To synchronize in the Image Shift mode, turn off Signal ID and then initiate a
single sweep. Then turn on Signal ID and initiate two single sweeps. The results of
the first sweep after Signal ID is turned on are available in Trace 1. The next sweep
is shifted and the data from that sweep is available in Trace 2. The unshifted and
shifted data can then be compared.

32 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

Operation 2

Using the M1970 Series Mixers with the N9040B Signal Analyzer
(Option EXM)

Refer to “Spectrum Analyzer Retrofit Requirements” on page 20 for the
configuration requirements.

The following examples explain how to connect the external mixers to the signal
analyzer, and how to use the signal-identification functions.

For additional information regarding use with a particular X-Series analyzer, refer
to that analyzer's User's and Programmer's Reference Guide.

Equipment setup

Tab le 2-3 Equipment setup for M1970 Series mixers and the N9040B signal analyzer (Option

EXM)

Step Action Notes

SMA connection

USB connection

a Connect an SMA cable from

the mixer to the spectrum
analyzer EXT MIXER front panel
SMA.

a Connect a USB cable from the

mixer to the spectrum analyzer.

The torque for the SMA cables and adapters should not exceed 8 in-lbs.
The LO/IF connection between the mixer and the signal analyzer must be

in place before the USB cable from the mixer is connected. Connecting
the USB cable automatically triggers the LO adjustment, and if the LO/IF
cable is not connected the adjustment will not complete and an error will
occur.

When a connection is made, the green LED on the mixer lights up
indicating that the mixer has power and the processor inside the mixer is
running. The spectrum analyzer is automatically switched to external
mixing mode, and the mixer model number and mixer option are used to
set the start and stop frequencies for the mixing band.

Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide 33

2Operation

Table 2-3 Equipment setup for M1970 Series mixers and the N9040B signal analyzer (Option

EXM) (continued)

Step Action Notes

The spectrum analyzer performs an LO alignment using a detector in the mixer to set the LO Power. During
the alignment the yellow Busy LED turns on. Once the alignment completes, the mixer is ready to make
calibrated measurements since the conversion loss values stored in the mixer are automatically loaded to the
signal analyzer.

34 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

Operation

Tab le 2-4 Operation of M1970 Series mixers and the N9040B signal analyzer

(Option EXM)

Step Action Notes

a Apply a signal to the mixer input.—

Operation 2

Tune the
analyzer

b Press the FREQ hardkey and on the

screen tap Center Frequency or a
Start and Stop frequency and enter a
value.

Multiple responses may appear on screen. Most of these responses
are images or multiples of the mixing process and not true signals.

Turn on the
signal
identification
function.

a Press the Input/Output hardkey.

Tap Signal ID to toggle Signal ID
on.

Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide 35

This enables you to identify true signals from images and multiples.
Refer to the following graphic. See “Signal ID” on page 39 for more
information.

2Operation

Table 2-4 Operation of M1970 Series mixers and the N9040B signal analyzer

(Option EXM) (continued)

Step Action Notes

With wide
spans,
increasing the
number of
sweep points
may improve the
effectiveness of
image
suppressing.

a Press the Sweep hardkey and tap

Sweep Config. Tap Points twice
and enter 30001.

36 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

Amplitude calibration

The M1970 Series mixers automatically download a conversion loss file to the
signal analyzer, and this conversion loss table is used to correct the measured
amplitude. It is not possible to view or edit the conversion loss file. The Certificate
of Calibration that is provided with each mixer lists the conversion loss measured
at the factory.

LO adjustment

The LO adjustment will run each time the USB connection is made, and if the
signal analyzer Alignments are set to Normal, the LO adjustment will be
performed based on time and temperature rules similar to the other signal
analyzer alignments. Both the mixer and the spectrum analyzer temperature
sensors are monitored by the alignment algorithm. If the Alignment is set to OFF,
the LO Alignment will not be performed based on time and temperature, and it
will be necessary for the user to determine when to perform alignments.

Operation 2

To manually trigger an LO alignment from the front panel, press the System
hardkey and then tap Alignments, Align Now, External Mixer.

Viewing the external mixer setup screen

The mixer setup screen contains information such as the model number, harmonic
mixing used, and status of the mixer USB connection. When the mixer is
connected, the Mixer Presets, mixer bias, and Table Type selections are grayed out
since these selections do not apply. However, if you unplug the USB cable, the
Mixer Presets selections become functional and the connection status will show
the USB Mixer not detected.

To view the setup screen, press the Input/Output hardkey and tap External Mixer
Setup. Tap Close to exit this screen.

Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide 37

2Operation

Figure 2-2 External mixer setup screen

38 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

Signal ID

NOTE

NOTE

Image Suppress

The Image Suppress mode of Signal ID mathematically removes all image and
multiple responses of signals present at the mixer input. Two hidden sweeps are
taken in succession. The second sweep is offset in LO frequency by 2*IF/N. For
each point in each trace, the smaller amplitude from the two traces is taken and
placed in that point in Trace 1. Responses of each trace that lie on top of one
another will remain and are valid signals, others are images and are suppressed.

This function takes control of and uses Trace 1. Any data in this trace prior to
activating Image Suppress will be lost.

In the Image Suppress mode, synchronization is ensured by first turning off Signal
ID, initiating a single sweep, then turning on Signal ID followed by two single
sweeps.

Operation 2

Image Shift

Like the Image Suppress mode, Image Shift is a two sweep sequence. The data
from the first sweep is placed in Trace 1 and the data from the second (LO
frequency shifted by 2*IF/N) sweep is placed in Trace 2. Signal responses of
Trace 1 and Trace 2 that have the same horizontal position are considered to be in
the current band and therefore can be analyzed with the amplitude and frequency
measurement systems of the SA. All other responses are invalid and should be
ignored.

This function takes control of and uses Trace 1 and Trace 2. Any data in these
traces prior to activating Image Shift will be lost.

To synchronize in the Image Shift mode, turn off Signal ID and then initiate a
single sweep. Then turn on Signal ID and initiate two single sweeps. The results of
the first sweep after Signal ID is turned on are available in Trace 1. The next sweep
is shifted and the data from that sweep is available in Trace 2. The unshifted and
shifted data can then be compared.

Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide 39

2Operation

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40 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

Keysight M1970 Series Harmonic Mixer

CAUTION

User’s Guide

3 Troubleshooting and

Maintenance

Troubleshooting 42
Error Messages 43
Maintenance 44
Returning an M1970 Series Mixer for Service 45

This chapter guides you on how to troubleshoot and maintain the M1970 Series
harmonic mixer.

The M1970 Series mixers are not field-repairable, and require return to
Keysight for both repair and calibration. Do not attempt to open the mixer
enclosure.

41

3 Troubleshooting and Maintenance

Troubleshooting

Table 3-1 Troubleshooting procedure

Problem Possible cause/troubleshooting process

– Spectrum analyzer not providing power.

Green Active LED does not turn on
when mixer is connected to
spectrum analyzer through USB
cable.

Red Error LED on mixer lights up
(mixer fails the LO alignment
routine).

– Faulty or loose USB cable.
– Faulty mixer.
Troubleshooting:
Connect another USB device to the signal analyzer.

– The SMA cable must be attached before the USB cable is plugged in. If the SMA cable

was not plugged in first, assure that the SMA cable is connected properly, then
disconnect and reconnect the USB cable.

– The SMA cable is damaged or has too much loss (cable length is too long). Replace the

SMA cable with one that is <3 meters.
– Faulty mixer.
– The signal analyzer LO output is faulty:
To test the LO output, remove the SMA cable from the Ext Mixer connector, and unplug

the USB cable.

1 Press Input/Output, External Mixer, Ext Mix Setup, Mixer Presets.
2 Select Single Harmonic w/doubler, select V-Band.
3 Press the Freq key, Center Frequency, 60 GHz. Then press Span, Zero Span.
4 Connect a spectrum analyzer capable of measuring a 13 GHz signal to the Ext Mixer

connector.
5 Tune the measuring spectrum analyzer to 10.0537 GHz center frequency, and the LO

signal level at the Ext Mixer connector should be +15 dBm ± 2 dB.

Yellow Busy LED does not come on
when USB cable is attached and LO
Align does not start.

42 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

Assure that only one mixer is connected. Unplug any other mixer USB connection, then on
the desired mixer, remove the USB cable and re-insert the USB cable to initiate the LO
adjustment.

Error Messages

The following is a list of error messages that may appear on the signal analyzer
screen.

Table 3-2 Error messages

Error message Possible cause/troubleshooting process

Troubleshooting and Maintenance 3

LO Alignment Failure

– The LO power is too low to complete the LO adjustment.
– LO/IF cable not connected at time of LO adjustment routine.

Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide 43

3 Troubleshooting and Maintenance

Maintenance

Preventive maintenance includes covering the waveguide with the waveguide cap
when the mixer is not in use, and avoiding rough handling that could damage the
SMA and USB connectors.

Do not remove the foam installed in the open end of the waveguide. The foam
prevents small objects from entering the waveguide.

Replaceable parts

Table 3-3 Replaceable parts

Part number Description

1390-0671

1401-0227 Waveguide cap for V, E, and W band

Socket head cap screw, captive, 4-40 thread, 0.29 inches long
(waveguide flange connecting screw for V and W band)

44 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

Troubleshooting and Maintenance 3

NOTE

Returning an M1970 Series Mixer for Service

Contacting Keysight

Assistance with test and measurement needs and information or finding a local
Keysight office are available on the Web at:

http://www.keysight.com/find/assist

If you do not have access to the Internet, contact your field engineer.

In any correspondence or telephone conversation, refer to the Keysight product
by its model number and full serial number. With this information, the Keysight
representative can determine the warranty status of your unit.

Shipping your product to Keysight for service or repair

If you wish to send your product to Keysight for service or repair:

– Include a complete description of the service requested or of the failure and a

description of any failed test and any error message.

– Remove and retain the front handles and all rack mount hardware. The product

should be sent to Keysight in the same configuration as it was originally
shipped.

– Ship the product using the original or comparable antistatic packaging

materials.

– Contact Keysight for instructions on where to ship your product.

Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide 45

3 Troubleshooting and Maintenance

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46 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

Keysight M1970 Series Harmonic Mixer

NOTE

User’s Guide

4 M1970 Series

Specifications

General Specifications 48
Physical Characteristics 50
Environmental Specifications 51

This chapter provides the specifications of the M1970 Series Harmonic Mixer.

Specifications describe warranted performance over the temperature range of
0 to +55 °C after one hour of continuous operation unless otherwise noted.

Nominal values indicate expected performance, or describe product
performance that is useful in the application of the product, but is not covered
by the product warranty.

47

4 M1970 Series Specifications

General Specifications

Table 4-1 General specifications

Description Specification Supplemental information

Calibration cycle 1 year

LO requirements provided by compatible

LO amplitude

USB requirements 5 V nominal, 500 mA maximum

Maximum CW RF input level 20 dBm (100 mW)

signal analyzers.
Maximum cable loss 10 dB nominal.

Maximum RF peak pulse power

24 dBm with <1 ms pulse
(avg power: 20 dBm)

Maximum LO power 20 dBm

IF bandwidth

IF/LO connector

[a] The M1970 Series mixers are designed to work with the X-Series signal analyzer’s IF frequencies. With Option CR3, other IF frequencies can

be supported for special applications.

[b] Cable loss at 322.5 MHz (typical):

- M1970E/V/W-101, 1 meter: 0.21 dB

- M1970E/V/W-102, 3 meters: 0.64 dB

[a]

[b]

200 MHz to 500 MHz

SMA female

48 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

M1970 Series Specifications 4

Description M1970V M1970V Opt 002 M1970E M1970W

RF frequency range 50 to 75 GHz 50 to 80 GHz 60 to 90 GHz 75 to 110 GHz

LO harmonic number

[a]

LO frequency range

[c]

(GHz)

Maximum conversion

[d]

loss

Calibration accuracy

(nominal)

[e]

Gain compression level

(nominal) (<1 dB)

–6 –6

–6 and –8

8.39 to 12.56 8.39 to 13.39 9.42 to 12.56 9.42 to 13.80

23 dB 23 dB 27 dB 25 dB

±2.2 dB ±2.2 dB ±2.2 dB ±2.2 dB

0 dBm 0 dBm 0 dBm 0 dBm

[b]

–8

Input SWR (nominal) <2.6:1 <2.6:1 <2.6:1 <2.6:1

Noise figure (nominal)

[f]

30 dB 30 dB 31 dB 32 dB

System Displayed

Average Noise Level

(DANL) at 1 Hz

–143 dBm –143 dBm –136 dBm –138 dBm

resolution band width

(nominal)

[a] "–" signifies that the LO frequency times the LO harmonic number is higher than the RF input frequency. LO × N = RF + IF.

[b] Harmonic number is dependent on the start and stop frequencies. Harmonic –6 is used from 60 GHz to 78 GHz and harmonic –8 is used

above 77.5 GHz.

[c] Exact LO frequency is dependent on the IF path setting of the signal analyzer.

[d] Conversion loss values shown include the effect of an internal IF amplifier.

[e] Calibration accuracy is the difference between the conversion loss factors measured and programmed into the M1970 at the factory and the

actual conversion loss of the mixer experienced when used with an X-Series signal analyzer with option EXM. The values shown include test
system uncertainty, interpolation error, and the effects of the difference between the X-Series environment and the factory calibration
environment. The system amplitude accuracy is worse than this M1970-only calibration accuracy due to SWR effects between the M1970 and
the X-Series IF input, and due to Gain Accuracy at the IF Input in Option EXM of the X-Series analyzer used.

[f] The values shown are the noise figures of the M1970 alone. They include effects of the internal IF amplifier. The system noise figure when

connected to an X-Series signal analyzer will be higher, by nominally 0.8 dB.

[g] System DANL includes the effect of an X-Series analyzer and cable as well as the M1970. DANL is defined with log-scale averaging according

to industry conventions. The noise density is about 2.25 dB higher than DANL.

[g]

Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide 49

4 M1970 Series Specifications

Physical Characteristics

Does not include SMA connector.

Table 4-2 Physical characteristics

Model Flange Weight Height Wid th Length

M1970V (001) UG-385/U WR-15 0.70 kg (1.54 lbs) 45.0 mm (1.7 in) 81.3 mm (3.2 in) 161.5 mm (6.4 in)

M1970V (002) UG-385/U WR-15 0.70 kg (1.54 lbs) 45.0 mm (1.7 in) 81.3 mm (3.2 in) 161.5 mm (6.4 in)

M1970E WR-12 0.70 kg (1.54 lbs) 45.0 mm (1.7 in) 81.3 mm (3.2 in) 161.5 mm (6.4 in)

M1970W UG-387/UM WR-10 0.70 kg (1.54 lbs) 45.0 mm (1.7 in) 81.3 mm (3.2 in) 161.5 mm (6.4 in)

Figure 4-1 M1970 Series dimensions

50 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

Environmental Specifications

Keysight M1970V/E/W Series harmonic mixers are designed to fully comply with
Keysight Technologies’ product operating environment specifications. The
following are the summarized environmental specifications for these products.
See “Environmental Conditions” on page 4 for more details on the temperature,
humidity, and altitude conditions.

Table 4-3 Environmental specifications

Description Specification

Shock:

– End use handling shock
– Transportation shock

Vibration:

–Operating
– Survival

M1970 Series Specifications 4

Half sine wave form
30 g

0.21 g rms

2.09 g rms

ESD immunity:

– Direct discharge
– Air discharge

6.0 kV per IEC 61000-4-2
15 kV per IEC 61000-4-2

Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide 51

4 M1970 Series Specifications

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52 Keysight M1970 Series User’s Guide

This information is subject to change
without notice. Always refer to the
Keysight website for the latest
revision.

© Keysight Technologies 2011 - 2017
Edition 4, August 11, 2017

Printed in Malaysia

*M1970-90001*

M1970-90001

www.keysight.com