duced in any form or by any means
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Manual Part Number
L7104-90001
Edition
Edition 3, March 27, 2019
Printed in:
Printed in Malaysia
Published by:
Keysight Technologies
Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone,
11900 Penang, Malaysia
Technology Licenses
The hardware and/or software
described in this document are furnished under a license and may be
used or copied only in accordance with
the terms of such license.
Declaration of Conformity
Declarations of Conformity for this
product and for other Keysight products may be downloaded from the
Web. Go to http://www.keysight.com/
go/conformity. You can then search by
product number to find the latest Declaration of Conformity.
U.S. Government Rights
The Software is “commercial computer
software,” as defined by Federal Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”) 2.101. Pursuant to FAR 12.212 and 27.405-3 and
Department of Defense FAR Supplement (“DFARS”) 227.7202, the U.S.
government acquires commercial computer software under the same terms
by which the software is customarily
provided to the public. Accordingly,
Keysight provides the Software to U.S.
government customers under its standard commercial license, which is
embodied in its End User License
Agreement (EULA), a copy of which can
be found at http://www.keysight.com/
find/sweula. The license set forth in the
EULA represents the exclusive authority
by which the U.S. government may use,
modify, distribute, or disclose the Software. The EULA and the license set
forth therein, does not require or permit, among other things, that Keysight:
(1) Furnish technical information
related to commercial computer software or commercial computer software
documentation that is not customarily
provided to the public; or (2) Relinquish
to, or otherwise provide, the government rights in excess of these rights
customarily provided to the public to
use, modify, reproduce, release, perform, display, or disclose commercial
computer software or commercial computer software documentation. No
additional government requirements
beyond those set forth in the EULA
shall apply, except to the extent that
those terms, rights, or licenses are
explicitly required from all providers of
commercial computer software pursuant to the FAR and the DFARS and are
set forth specifically in writing elsewhere in the EULA. Keysight shall be
under no obligation to update, revise or
otherwise modify the Software. With
respect to any technical data as
defined by FAR 2.101, pursuant to FAR
12.211 and 27.404.2 and DFARS
227.7102, the U.S. government
acquires no greater than Limited Rights
as defined in FAR 27.401 or DFAR
227.7103-5 (c), as applicable in any
technical data.
Warranty
THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS
DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED “AS IS,”
AND IS SUBJECT TO BEING
CHANGED, WITHOUT NOTICE, IN
FUTURE EDITIONS. FURTHER, TO THE
MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW, KEYSIGHT DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARD
TO THIS MANUAL AND ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. KEYSIGHT
SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS
OR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION
WITH THE FURNISHING, USE, OR
PERFORMANCE OF THIS DOCUMENT
OR OF ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN. SHOULD KEYSIGHT
AND THE USER HAVE A SEPARATE
WRITTEN AGREEMENT WITH WARRANTY TERMS COVERING THE MATERIAL IN THIS DOCUMENT THAT
CONFLICT WITH THESE TERMS, THE
WARRANTY TERMS IN THE SEPARATE
AGREEMENT SHALL CONTROL.
Safety Information
A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It
calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not
correctly performed or adhered to,
could result in damage to the product
or loss of important data. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until
the indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.
A WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It
calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not
correctly performed or adhered to,
could result in personal injury or death.
Do not proceed beyond a WARNING
notice until the indicated conditions are
fully understood and met.
2Keysight L-Series Operating and Service Manual
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive
This instrument complies with the WEEE Directive marking requirement. This
affixed product label indicates that you must not discard this electrical or
electronic product in domestic household waste.
Product category:
With reference to the equipment types in the WEEE directive Annex 1, this
instrument is classified as a “Monitoring and Control Instrument” product.
The affixed product label is as shown below.
Do not dispose in domestic household waste.
To return this unwanted instrument, contact your nearest Keysight Service Center,
or visit http://about.keysight.com/en/companyinfo/environment/takeback.shtml
for more information.
Sales and Technical Support
To contact Keysight for sales and technical support, refer to the support links on
the following Keysight websites:
– www.keysight.com/find/switches
(product-specific information and support, software and
documentation updates)
– www.keysight.com/find/assist
(worldwide contact information for repair and service)
Keysight L-series coaxial multiport switches consists of two main group of
products. L7104A/B/C and L7106A/B/C are terminated switches with SP4T and
SP6T configuration respectively while L7204A/B/C and L7206A/B/C are
unterminated SP4Ts and SP6Ts. Both terminated and unterminated L-series
coaxial multiport switches provide the life and repeatability for automated test
and measurement, signal monitoring and routing applications with reasonable
cost.
Figure 1L-series coaxial multiport switches - L7106C and L7104C
Keysight L-Series Operating and Service Manual1
Features
SP4T and SP6T configuration with magnetic latching
– Warranted 0.03 dB insertion loss repeatability for 2 million cycles
– Excellent isolation, typically > 85 dB at 26.5 GHz
– Opto-electronic indicators and interrupts
– TTL/5V CMOS compatible (optional)
– Terminated and unterminated ports
Innovative design and careful process control creates switches that meet the
requirements for highly repeatable switching elements in test instruments and
switching interfaces. The exceptional 0.03 dB insertion loss repeatability is
warranted for 2 million cycles at 25°C. This reduces sources of random errors in
the measurement path and improves measurement uncertainties. Switch life is a
critical consideration in production test systems, satellite and antenna monitoring
systems, and test instrumentation. The longevity of these switches increases
system uptime, and lowers the cost of ownership by reducing calibration cycles
and switch maintenance.
Table 1 shows the 12 models of L-series coaxial multiport switches available.
Tab le 1List of L-series coaxial multiport switches
Each RF path can be closed by applying ground (TTL “High” for Option T24) to the
corresponding “drive” pin. In general, all other RF paths are simultaneously
opened by internal logic. See Figure 2 for drive connection diagrams.
Figure 2Drive connection diagram for Option 161 and Option 100
Keysight L-Series Operating and Service Manual3
The default operation of the switches is break-before-make. Make-before-break
NOTE
CAUTION
NOTE
switching can be accomplished by simulataneously selecting the “drive” pins for
old RF path and new RF path. This will simultaneously close the old RF path and
new RF path. Once the new RF path is closed (15 ms), de-select the old RF path
“drive” pin while leaving the new RF path “drive” pin selected. The switch circuitry
will automatically open the old RF path while leaving the new RF path engaged.
Standard drive
– Connect pin 1 to supply voltage (+20 Vdc to +32 Vdc) and pin 15 to ground.
Pin 15 must always be connected to ground to enable the electronic
position-indicating circuitry and drive logic circuitry.
If pin 15 is not connected to power supply ground, catastrophic failure will
occur.
– Select (close) desired RF path by applying ground to the corresponding “drive”
pin; for example ground pin 3 to close RF path 1.
After the RF path is switched and latched, the drive current is interupted by the
electronic position-sensing circuitry.Pulsed control is not necessary, but if
implemented, the pulse width must be 15 ms minimum to ensure the switch is
fully latched.
– To select another RF path, ensure that all unwanted RF path “drive” pins are
disconnected from ground (to prevent multiple RF path engagement). Ground
the “drive” pin which corresponds to the desired RF path.
– To open all RF paths, ensure that all RF path “drive” pins are disconnected
from ground. Then, connect pin 16 to ground. This feature is not available in
option 100.
4Keysight L-Series Operating and Service Manual
TTL drive (Option T24)
NOTE
CAUTION
NOTE
– Connect pin 1 to supply voltage (+20 Vdc to +32 Vdc) and pin 15 to ground.
Pin 15 must always be connected to ground to enable the electronic
position-indicating circuitry and drive logic circuitry.
In addition to the quiescent current supplying the electronic position-sensing
circuitry, the drive current flows out of pin 15 (during switching) on TTL drive
switches (option T24).
If pin 15 is not connected to power supply ground, catastrophic failure will
occur.
– Select (close) desired RF path by applying TTL “High” to the corresponding
“drive” pin; for example apply TTL “High” to pin 3 to close RF path 1.
After the RF path is switched and latched, the drive current is interupted by the
electronic position-sensing circuitry.Pulsed control is not necessary, but if
implemented, the pulse width must be 15 ms minimum to ensure the switch is
fully latched.
– To select another RF path, ensure that all unwanted RF path “drive” pins are at
TTL “Low” (to prevent multiple RF path engagement). Apply TTL “High” to the
“drive” pin which corresponds to the desired RF path.
– To open all RF paths, ensure that all RF path “drive” pins are at TTL “Low”.
Then, apply TTL “High” to pin. This feature is not available in option 100.
Keysight L-Series Operating and Service Manual5
Electronic position indicators
The electronic position indicators consist of optically isolated, solid state relays
which are driven by photo-electric sensors coupled to the mechanical position of
the RF path’s moving elements (See Figure 3). The circuitry consists of a common
which can be connected to an output corresponding to each RF path. If multiple
RF paths engaged, the position indicator corresponding to each closed RF path
will be connected to common. The solid state relays are configured for AC and/or
DC operation. See Table 3 for indicator specifications. The electronic position
indicators require that the supply (20 to 32 VDC) be connected to pin 1 and
ground connected to pin 15.
Figure 3Pin function diagram for indicator
6Keysight L-Series Operating and Service Manual
Specifications
Specifications refer to the performance standards or limits against which the
coaxial multiport switches are tested.
Typical characteristics are included for additional information only and they are
not specifications. These are denoted as “typical”, “nominal” or “approximate” and
are printed in italics.
Table 2General specifications for L-series coaxial multiport switches
Table 3Indicator specifications for L-series coaxial multiport switches
Keysight model numberL7104A/B/C, L7106A/B/C, L7204A/B/C & L7206A/B/C
Maximum power rating
–Switching
– Non-switching
Life2 million cycles minimum
Switching speed15 ms
1 watt average into 50 Ù internal loads
W CW for terminated
2 W CW for unterminated
50 W Pk (not to exceed 1 watt average) for terminated
100 W Pk (not to exceed 2 watt average) for unterminated
Keysight model numberL7104A/B/C, L7106A/B/C, L7204A/B/C & L7206A/B/C
Maximum withstand voltage60 V
Maximum current capacity150 mA
Maximum “ON” resistance2.5 Ω
Maximum “OFF” resistance10 G Ω
Keysight L-Series Operating and Service Manual7
Tab le 4RF specifications for L710xA and L720xA coaxial multiport
switches
Keysight model numberL7104A & L7106AL7204A & L7206A
Frequency rangeDC to 4 GHzDC to 4 GHz
Insertion loss0.3 dB + 0.015 x freq (GHz)0.3 dB + 0.015 x freq (GHz)
Isolation> 90 dB> 90 dB
SWR< 1.20< 1.20
Repeatability
[a]
< 0.03 dB< 0.03 dB
Characteristics50 Ω, terminated50 Ω, unterminated
ConnectorsSMA (f)SMA (f)
[a] Up to 2 million cycles measured at 25°C
Tab le 5RF specifications for L710xB and L720xB coaxial multiport
switches
Keysight model numberL7104B & L7106BL7204B & L7206B
Frequency rangeDC to 20 GHzDC to 20 GHz
Insertion loss0.3 dB + 0.015 x freq (GHz)0.3 dB + 0.015 x freq (GHz)
Isolation
SWR
Repeatability
> 90 dB (DC to 12 GHz)
> 70 dB (12 to 15 GHz)
> 65 dB (15 to 20 GHz)
< 1.20 (DC to 4 GHz)
< 1.35 (4 to 12.4 GHz)
< 1.45 (12.4 to 18 GHz)
< 1.70 (18 to 20 GHz)
[a]
< 0.03 dB< 0.03 dB
> 90 dB (DC to 12 GHz)
> 70 dB (12 to 15 GHz)
> 65 dB (15 to 20 GHz)
< 1.20 (DC to 4 GHz)
< 1.35 (4 to 12.4 GHz)
< 1.45 (12.4 to 18 GHz)
< 1.70 (18 to 20 GHz)
Characteristics50 Ω, terminated50 Ω, unterminated
ConnectorsSMA (f)SMA (f)
[a] Up to 2 million cycles measured at 25°C
8Keysight L-Series Operating and Service Manual
Table 6RF specifications for L710xC and L720xC coaxial multiport
switches
Keysight model numberL7104C & L7106CL7204C & L7206C
Frequency rangeDC to 20 GHzDC to 20 GHz
Insertion loss0.3 dB + 0.015 x freq (GHz)0.3 dB + 0.015 x freq (GHz)
Isolation
SWR
Repeatability
> 90 dB (DC to 12 GHz)
> 70 dB (12 to 15 GHz)
> 65 dB (15 to 20 GHz)
< 1.20 (DC to 4 GHz)
< 1.35 (4 to 12.4 GHz)
< 1.45 (12.4 to 18 GHz)
< 1.70 (18 to 20 GHz)
[a]
< 0.03 dB< 0.03 dB
> 90 dB (DC to 12 GHz)
> 70 dB (12 to 15 GHz)
> 65 dB (15 to 20 GHz)
< 1.20 (DC to 4 GHz)
< 1.35 (4 to 12.4 GHz)
< 1.45 (12.4 to 18 GHz)
< 1.70 (18 to 20 GHz)
Characteristics50 Ω, terminated50 Ω, unterminated
ConnectorsSMA (f)SMA (f)
[a] Up to 2 million cycles measured at 25°C
Table 7Switch drive specifications for L-series coaxial multiport
switches
MinNominalMaxUnit
Supply voltage, Vcc202432 V
Supply current, Icc
200
[a]
Supply current (quiescent)2550mA
mA
[a] Closing one RF path required 200 mA. Add 200 mA for each additional RF path closed or opened. Using all RF
paths open (selecting pin 16) requires 200 mA per RF oath reset with Vcc = 24 VDC.
Keysight L-Series Operating and Service Manual9
Tab le 8TTL drive specifications for L-series coaxial multiport switches
(Option T24)
MinNominalMaxUnit
High level input202432 V
Low level input200mA
Max high input current
[a] Vcc = Max, Vinput = 3.85 VDC
[a]
2550mA
Figure 4TTL control voltage states (Option T24)
10Keysight L-Series Operating and Service Manual
Supplement specifications (cold switching)
Figure 5 illustrates the maximum incident CW power (cold switching) from 100
MHz to 18 GHz. The reference conditions are as below:
– Cold switching only (NO hot switching)
– Ambient temperature of 75oC or less
– Sea level (0.88 derating @15,000 feet)
– Low VSWR < 1.2 (See Figure 6 for derating above 1.2 VSWR)
– Power handling at 25°C is 100 W at 4 GHz
Figure 5Maximum incident power (cold switching) vs. frequency
Keysight L-Series Operating and Service Manual11
Figure 6Power derating factor vs VSWR
12Keysight L-Series Operating and Service Manual
Environmental Specifications
The L-series coaxial multiport switches are designed to fully comply with Keysight
Technologies’ product operating environmental specifications as shown in
– Storage<15,240 meters (50,000 feet) per MIL-STD-202F, Method 105C,
ESD immunity:
– Direct discharge
– Air discharge
RFIRadiated emission per CISPR 11
Magnetic field< 5 gauss 1/4 inch from surface
°C to +75°C
25
55°C to +85°C
55
°C to +85°C, 10 cycles per MIL-STD-202F, Method 107D,
Condition A (modified)
95% RH at 65
500 G @ 0.5 ms, 3 drops/direction, 18 total
50 G @ 6 ms, 6 directions
7 G rms, 5 to 2000 Hz at 0.25 in p-p
20 G rms, 20 to 2000 Hz at 0.06 in p-p, 4 min/cycle, 4 cycles/axis
2.41 G rms, 10 minutes/axis
Condition B
4 kV (to outer conductor) per IEC 61000-4-2
8 kV (to center conductor) per IEC 61000-4-2
°C, 10 days per MIL-STD-202F, Method 106E
Keysight L-Series Operating and Service Manual13
Physical Specifications
Tab le 10L-series coaxial multiport switches physical specifications
ParameterSpecification
DimensionsPer Figure 7
Net weight, kg (lb)0.229 (0.5)
14Keysight L-Series Operating and Service Manual
Figure 7Dimensions of L-series coaxial multiport switches
Keysight L-Series Operating and Service Manual15
Installation
Initial inspection
1 Inspect the shipping container for damage. If the shipping container or
cushioning material is damaged, it should be kept until the contents of the
shipment have been checked for completeness and the instrument has been
checked both mechanically and electrically.
– Check for mechanical damage such as scratches or dents.
– Procedures for checking electrical performance are given under Operator’s
check or Performance Tests.
2 If the contents are incomplete, if there is mechanical damage or defect, or if
the instrument does not pass the electrical performance test, contact the
nearest Keysight Technologies Sales and Service office. Refer to the Sales and
Technical Support in the front matter of this manual. Keysight Technologies
will arrange for repair or replacement of the damaged or defective equipment.
Keep the shipping materials for the carrier’s inspection.
3 If you are returning the instrument under warranty or for service, repackaging
the instrument requires original shipping containers and materials or their
equivalents. Keysight Technologies can provide packaging materials identical
to the original materials. Refer to Sales and Technical Support in the front
matter of this manual for the Keysight Technologies nearest you. Attach a tag
indicating the type of service required, return address, model number, and
serial number. Mark the container FRAGILE to insure careful handling. In any
correspondence, refer to the instrument by model number and serial number.
16Keysight L-Series Operating and Service Manual
Operating Instruction
CAUTION
Operator’s check
The operator’s check is supplied to allow the operator to make a quick check on
the coaxial multiport switches prior to use or if a failure is suspected.
ESD exceeding the level specified in Table 9 or RF power applied is greater
than the maximum specified as in Table 2 may cause permanent damage to
the device.
Description
The coaxial multiport switch is connected to a network analyzer configured for the
s-parameter measurement. The network analyzer may be set to sweep over the
whole or selected frequency range of the switch to be verified. The s-parameters
measurement is the best way to determine if the switch is working properly.
Figure 8Connection to perform quick check
Keysight L-Series Operating and Service Manual17
Quick-check procedure
1 Connect common port of switch to Port 1 of the network analyzer and one of
the outer RF ports to Port 2 of network analyzer as illustrated in Figure 8.
2 For standard drive, apply ground to the corresponding “drive” pin to close the
selected path. Refer to “Standard drive” on page 4.
3 For TTL drive (option T24), apply “High” to the corresponding “drive” pin to
close the selected path. Refer to “TTL drive (Option T24)” on page 5.
4 Perform s-parameters measurement and verify against specifications in
Table 4, Table 5 or Table 6.
5 Repeat from step 1 until all paths are measured and verified.
18Keysight L-Series Operating and Service Manual
Performance Tests
The coaxial multiport switches can be tested to the accuracy of the specifications
with a network analyzer or equivalent equipment of suitable accuracy. If a network
analyzer is available, test the instrument using the procedure in the analyzer’s
operating manual.
Keysight L-Series Operating and Service Manual19
Service Instructions
Adjustment
The L-series coaxial multiport switches do not have internal adjustments and
should not be opened.
Repair
The L-series coaxial multiport switches are not recommended for repair as most
components are not easily removed.
Maintenance
The connectors, particularly the connector faces, must be kept clean. For
instruction on connecting and care of your connectors, refer to the Microwave
Connector Care Quick Reference Card (08510-90360).
20Keysight L-Series Operating and Service Manual
This information is subject to change
without notice. Always refer to the
English version at the Keysight
website for the latest revision.