Keysight 1000B Series User Manual

Keysight 1000B Series
Oscilloscopes

User’s Guide

Notices

CAUTION

WARNING

© Keysight Technologies, Inc. 2008-2009,
2012

No part of this manual may be reproduced in
any form or by any means (including elec­tronic storage and retrieval or translation into
a foreign language) without prior agreement
and written consent from Keysight Technolo­gies, Inc. as governed by United States and
international copyright laws.

Manual Part Number

54139-97013

Edition

Second Edition, May 2012

Printed in Malaysia

Keysight Technologies, Inc.
1900 Garden of the Gods Road
Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA

Warranty

The material contained in this document is
provided “as is,” and is subject to being
changed, without notice, in future editions.
Further, to the maximum extent permitted by
applicable law, Keysight disclaims all war­ranties, either express or implied, with regard
to this manual and any information contained
herein, including but not limited to the
implied warranties of merchantability and fit­ness for a particular purpose. Keysight shall
not be liable for errors or for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with
the furnishing, use, or performance of this
document or of any information contained
herein. Should Keysight and the user have a
separate written agreement with warranty
terms covering the material in this document
that conflict with these terms, the warranty
terms in the separate agreement shall con­trol.

Technology Licenses

The hardware and/or software described in
this document are furnished under a license
and may be used or copied only in accor­dance with the terms of such license.

Restricted Rights Legend

If software is for use in the performance of a
U.S. Government prime contract or subcon­tract, Software is delivered and licensed as
“Commercial computer software” as defined
in DFAR 252.227-7014 (June 1995), or as a
“commercial item” as defined in FAR 2.101(a)
or as “Restricted computer software” as
defined in FAR 52.227-19 (June 1987) or any
equivalent agency regulation or contract
clause. Use, duplication or d isclosure of
Software is subject to Keysight Technologies’
standard commercial license terms, and
non-DOD Departments and Agencies of the
U.S. Government will receive no greater than
Restricted Rights as defined in FAR

52.227-19(c)(1-2) (June 1987). U.S. Govern­ment users will receive no greater than Lim­ited Rights as defined in FAR 52.227-14

(June 1987) or DFAR 252.227-7015 (b)(2)
(November 1995), as applicable in any tech­nical data.

Safety Notices

A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard.
It calls attention to an operating
procedure, practice, or the like that,
if not correctly performed or
adhered to, could result in damage
to the product or loss of important
data. Do not proceed beyond a
CAUTION notice until the indicated
conditions are fully understood and
met.

A WARNING notice denotes a haz­ard. It calls attention to an operat­ing procedure, practice, or the like
that, if not correctly performed or
adhered to, could resul t in personal
injury or death. Do not proceed
beyond a WARNING notice until the
indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.

See also Appendix A, “Safety Notices,”
starting on page 143.

2 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes—At a Glance

The Keysight 1000B Series oscilloscopes are low-cost portable digital storage
oscilloscopes (DSOs) that deliver these powerful features:

• Channel counts, input bandwidths, sample rates, and memory depths shown
in the following table:

Table 1 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscope Models

Model Channels Input Bandwid th Sample Rate

(2 channels on-1 channel on)

DSO1052B 2 50 MHz 500 MSa/s-1 GSa/s 8-16 kpts

DSO1072B 2 70 MHz 500 MSa/s-1 GSa/s 8-16 kpts

DSO1102B 2 100 MHz 500 MSa/s-1 GSa/s 8-16 kpts

DSO1152B 2 150 MHz 500 MSa/s-1 GSa/s 8-16 kpts

• Bright 5.7 inch QVGA (320 x 240) TFT color LED display and small footprint (to
save bench space).

• Up to 400 wfms/s refresh rate.

• Automatic voltage and time measurements (22) and cursor measurements.

• Powerful triggering (edge, pulse width, video, and alternate modes) with
adjustable sensitivity (to filter noise and avoid false triggers).

• Math function waveforms: add, subtract, multiply, FFT.

• USB ports (host and device) for easy printing, saving, and sharing of
waveforms, setups, screen BMP files, and CSV data files.

• Internal storage for 10 waveforms and 10 setups.

• Special digital filter and waveform recorder.

• Built-in 6-digit hardware frequency counter.

• Multi-language (11) user interface menus and built-in help.

Memory
(2 channels on-1 channel on)

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 3

In This Book

1 Getting Started

2 Displaying Data

3 Capturing Data

4 Making Measurements

This guide shows how to use the Keysight 1000B Series oscilloscopes.

Describes the basic steps to take when first using the oscilloscope.

Describes how to use the horizontal and vertical controls, channel settings, math
waveforms, reference waveforms, and display settings.

Describes acquisition modes and how to set up triggers.

Describes voltage, time, and cursor measurements.

5 Saving, Recalling, and Printing Data

Describes how to save, recall, and print data.

6 Oscilloscope Utility Settings

Describes other oscilloscope settings found in the Utility menu.

7 Reference

Contains reference information for the 1000B Series oscilloscopes.

4 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Contents

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes—At a Glance 3

In This Book 4

Figures 13

Tab les 15

1 Getting Started 17

Step 1. Inspect the package contents 18

Step 2. Turn on the oscilloscope 19

Step 3. Load the default oscilloscope setup 22

Step 4. Input a waveform 23

23

Step 5. Use Auto Scale 24

Step 6. Compensate probes 26

Low Frequency Compensation 26
High Frequency Compensation 26

Step 7. Become familiar with the Front Panel Controls 28

Front Panel Overlays for Different Languages 29

Step 8. Become familiar with the oscilloscope display 30

Using the Oscilloscope Softkey Menus 31

Step 9. Use the Run Control keys 33

Step 10. Access the built-in help 34

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 5

Contents

Securing the Oscilloscope 35

2 Displaying Data 37

Using the Horizontal Controls 38

To adjust the horizontal scale 39
To adjust the horizontal position 40
To display the zoomed time base 41
To change the horizontal time base (Y-T, X-Y, or Roll) 42
To view the sample rate 44

Using the Vertical Controls 45

To turn waveforms on or off (channel, math, or reference) 46
To adjust the vertical scale 46
To adjust the vertical position 46
To specify channel coupling 47
To specify a bandwidth limit 49
To specify the probe attenuation 50
To use a digital filter 50
To change the Volts/Div control sensitivity 51
To invert a waveform 52

Using Math Function Waveforms 54

To add, subtract, or multiply waveforms 54
To display the frequency domain using FFT 55

Using Reference Waveforms 58

To save a reference waveform 58
To export or import reference waveforms 58
To return the reference waveform to its default scale 59

Changing the Display Settings 60

To display waveforms as vectors or dots 60
To clear the display 61
To set waveform persistence 61
To adjust waveform intensity 61

6 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

To change the grid 61
To adjust the grid brightness 62
To invert screen colors 62
To change the menu display time 62

3 Capturing Data 63

Overview of Sampling 64

Sampling Theory 64
Aliasing 64
Oscilloscope Bandwidth and Sample Rate 65
Oscilloscope Rise Time 67
Oscilloscope Bandwidth Required 68
Memory Depth and Sample Rate 69

Choosing the Sampling Mode 70

To select the real-time sampling mode 70
To select the equivalent-time sampling mode 71

Choosing the Acquisition Mode 73

To select the Normal acquisition mode 74
To select the Average acquisition mode 74
To select the Peak Detect acquisition mode 75

To turn OFF/ON sine(x)/x interpolation 77

Contents

Recording/Playing-back Waveforms 78

To record waveforms 78
To play-back waveforms 79
To store recorded waveforms 80

Adjusting the Trigger Level 82

To adjust the trigger level 82
To force a trigger 82

Choosing the Trigger Mode 84

To set up edge triggers 84
To set up pulse width triggers 85

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 7

Contents

To set up video triggers 86
To set up alternate triggers 88

Setting Other Trigger Parameters 90

To set the trigger sweep 90
To set the trigger coupling 90
To set the trigger high-frequency reject coupling 91
To change the trigger sensitivity 92
To specify a trigger holdoff 93

Using the External Trigger Input 94

4 Making Measurements 95

Displaying Automatic Measurements 96

To display an automatic measurement 97
To clear automatic measurements from the display 97
To display or hide all automatic measurements 97

8 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Voltage Measurements 98

Vmax (Maximum Voltage) 98
Vmin (Minimum Voltage) 99
Vpp (Peak-to-Peak Voltage) 99
Vtop (Top Voltage) 99
Vbase (Base Voltage) 99
Vamp (Amplitude Voltage = Vtop - Vbase) 99
Vavg (Average Voltage) 99
Vrms (Root-Mean-Square Voltage) 99
Overshoot 100
Preshoot 100

Time Measurements 101

Period 101
Frequency 102
Rise Time 102
Fall Time 102

Positive Pulse Wid th 103
Negative Pulse Width 103
Positive Duty Cycle 103
Negative Duty Cycle 103
Delay Between Rising Edges 104
Delay Between Falling Edges 104
Phase Between Rising Edges 105
Phase Between Falling Edges 105

Counter (Frequency) 106

Making Cursor Measurements 107

To use manually adjustable cursors 108
To use tracking cross-hair cursors 109
To display cursors for automatic measurements 110

5 Saving, Recalling, and Printing Data 111

Contents

Saving and Recalling Data 112

To save and recall waveforms 112
To save and recall oscilloscope setups 113
To save screens to BMP or PNG format files 114
To save data to CSV format files 115

Using the Disk Manager 116

To switch between files, path, and directory panes 117
To navigate the directory hierarchy 117
To create new folders 117
To edit folder/file names 118
To delete folders 118
To rename folders 119
To delete files 119
To recall files 119
To rename files 119
To display disk information 120

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 9

Contents

Printing Screens 121

To choose a PictBridge printer 122
To print with inverted screen colors 122
To choose color or grayscale printing 123
To copy a screen to the printer 123

6 Oscilloscope Utility Settings 125

Displaying System Information 127

Turning Sound ON or OFF 127

Setting the Language (Menu and Help) 128

Performing Mask Tests 129

To enable/disable mask tests 129
To select the source channel for mask tests 129
To run/stop a mask test 130
To turn on/off the mask test message display 130
To set the mask test output condition 130
To stop a mask test on the output condition 132
To set up masks 132

Setting Preferences 135

To set up the screen saver 135
To select the vertical scale reference level 135
To select the USB device port function 135

Running Self-Calibration 137

7 Reference 139

Environmental Conditions 140

Overvoltage Category 140
Pollution Degree 140
Pollution Degree Definitions 140

Measurement Category 141

10 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Index 145

Contents

Measurement Category Definitions 141
Transient Withstand Capability 141

141

Specifications and Characteristics 142

Cleaning the Oscilloscope 142

Contacting Keysight 142

ASafety Notices143

Warnings 143

Safety Symbols 144

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 11

Contents

12 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Figures

Figure 1. Power Switch 21
Figure 2. [Default Setup] Key 22
Figure 3. [Auto Scale] Key 24
Figure 4. Low Frequency Probe Compensation 26
Figure 5. High Frequency Probe Compensation 27
Figure 6. Front Panel 28
Figure 7. Oscilloscope Display 30
Figure 8. Softkey Menus 31
Figure 9. Run Control Keys 33
Figure 10. Securing the Instrument 35
Figure 11. Horizontal Controls 38
Figure 12. Status Bar, Trigger Position, and Horizontal Scale Control Indicators 39
Figure 13. Zoomed Time Base Window 41
Figure 14. X-Y Display Format Showing Out-of-Phase Waveforms 43
Figure 15. Vertical Controls 45
Figure 16. DC Coupling Control 48
Figure 17. AC Coupling Control 48
Figure 18. BW Limit Control OFF 49
Figure 19. BW Limit Control ON 50
Figure 20. Waveform Before Inversion 52
Figure 21. Waveform After Inversion 53
Figure 22. Math Scale Setting Value 54
Figure 23. FFT Waveform 57
Figure 24. [Display] Key 60
Figure 25. Alaising 65
Figure 26. Theoretical Brick-Wall Frequency Response 66
Figure 27. Sample Rate and Oscilloscope Bandwidth 67
Figure 28. Real-Time Sampling Mode 70

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 13

Figures

Figure 29. Equivalent-Time (Repetitive) Sampling Mode 71
Figure 30. [Acquire] Key 73
Figure 31. Noisy Waveform Without Averaging 74
Figure 32. Noisy Waveform With Averaging 75
Figure 33. Peak Detect Waveform 76
Figure 34. Trigger Controls 82
Figure 35. Line Synchronization 87
Figure 36. Field Synchronization 88
Figure 37. Alternate Triggers 89
Figure 38. Trigger Holdoff 93
Figure 39. [Meas] Key 96
Figure 40. Voltage Measurement Points 98
Figure 41. Period and Frequency Measurements 101
Figure 42. Rise Time and Fall Time Measurements 102
Figure 43. Positive Pulse Width and Negative Pulse Width Measurements 103
Figure 44. Delay Measurements 104
Figure 45. Phase Measurements 105
Figure 46. [Cursors] Key 108
Figure 47. USB Host Port on Front Panel 111
Figure 48. [Save/Recall] Key 112
Figure 49. Disk Manager 116
Figure 50. Editing Folder/File Names in Disk Manager 118
Figure 51. USB Device Port 121
Figure 52. [Print] Key 122
Figure 53. [Utility] Key 126
Figure 54. Mask Test Display 130
Figure 55. Schematic Diagram of Mask Pass/Fail out 131
Figure 56. Mask Pass/Fail out 132
Figure 57. Mask Test Mask Setting 133
Figure 58. Calibration Screen 137

14 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Tables

Table 1. Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscope Models 3
Table 2. Power Requirements 19
Table 3. Environmental Characteristics 20
Table 4. Auto Scale Default Settings 25
Table 5. Front Panel Controls 29
Table 6. FFT Window Characteristics 56

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 15

Tables

16 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes
User’s Guide

1 Getting Started

Step 1. Inspect the package contents 18
Step 2. Turn on the oscilloscope 19
Step 3. Load the default oscilloscope setup 22
Step 4. Input a waveform 23
Step 5. Use Auto Scale 24
Step 6. Compensate probes 26
Step 7. Become familiar with the Front Panel Controls 28
Step 8. Become familiar with the oscilloscope display 30
Step 9. Use the Run Control keys 33
Step 10. Access the built-in help 34
Securing the Oscilloscope 35

This chapter describes the basic steps to take when first using the oscilloscope.

17

1 Getting Started

Step 1. Inspect the package contents

1 Inspect the shipping container for damage.

Keep a damaged shipping container or cushioning material until you have
inspected the contents of the shipment for completeness and have checked the
oscilloscope mechanically and electrically.

2 Verify that you received the following items in the oscilloscope packaging:

• Oscilloscope.

• Power cord.

• N2862A 10:1 10 MΩ passive probes, quantity = 2.

• Documentation CD.

• Front panel overlay (if language option other than English is chosen).

If anything is missing, or if you need to order additional probes, power cords,
etc., contact your nearest Keysight Technologies sales office.

3 Inspect the oscilloscope.

• If there is mechanical damage or a defect, or if the oscilloscope does not
operate properly or does not pass performance tests, notify your Keysight
Technologies sales office.

• If the shipping container is damaged, or the cushioning materials show signs
of stress, notify the carrier; then, contact your nearest Keysight Technologies
sales office.

Keep the shipping materials for the carrier’s inspection.

The Keysight Technologies sales office will arrange for repair or replacement
at Keysight’s option without waiting for claim settlement.

18 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Step 2. Turn on the oscilloscope

WARNING

The next few steps (turning on the oscilloscope, loading the default setup, and
inputting a waveform) will provide a quick functional check to verify the
oscilloscope is operating correctly.

1 Connect the power cord to a power source.

Use only power cords designed for your oscilloscope.

Use a power source that delivers the required power.

Table 2 Power Requirements

Name Typical Value

Line rating: ~Line 50 W max

Getting Started 1

100-120 V/50/60/400 Hz, ±10%
100-240 V/50/60 Hz, ±10%

To avoid electric shock, be sure the oscilloscope is properly grounded.

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 19

1 Getting Started

Table 3 Environmental Characteristics

Name Typical Value

Ambient temperature: Operating 0 °C to +50 °C

Non-operating –20 °C to +60 °C

Humidity: Operating 80% RH (non-condensing) at +40 °C for 24 hr

Non-operating 60% RH (non-condensing) at +60 °C for 24 hr

Altitude: Operating to 3,000 m (9,842 ft)

Non-operating to 15,000 m (49,213 ft)

Vibration: Keysight class GP and MIL-PRF-28800F; Class 3 random

Shock: Keysight class GP and MIL-PRF-28800F; (operating 30 g, 1/2

sine, 11-ms duration, 3 shocks/axis along major axis. Total of 18
shocks)

Pollution degree 2: Normally only dry non-conductive pollution occurs.

Occasionally a temporary conductivity caused by condensation
must be expected.

Indoor use: Rated for indoor use only.

20 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

2 Turn on the oscilloscope.

Getting Started 1

Power switch

Figure 1 Power Switch

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 21

1 Getting Started

Step 3. Load the default oscilloscope setup

You can recall the factory default setup any time you want to return the
oscilloscope to its original setup.

1 Press the front panel [Default Setup] key.

Figure 2 [Default Setup] Key

2 When the Default menu appears, press [Menu On/Off] to turn off the menu.

(The Undo softkey in the Default menu lets you cancel the default setup and go
back to the previous setup.)

22 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Step 4. Input a waveform

CAUTION

1 Input a waveform to a channel of the oscilloscope.

Use one of the supplied passive probes to input the Probe Comp signal from the
front panel of the oscilloscope.

To avoid damage to the oscilloscope, make sure that the input voltage at the BNC
connector does not exceed the maximum voltage (300 Vrms, CAT I).

Getting Started 1

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 23

1 Getting Started

Step 5. Use Auto Scale

The oscilloscope has an auto scale feature that automatically sets the oscilloscope
controls for the input waveforms present.

24 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Figure 3 [Auto Scale] Key

Auto scale requires waveforms with a frequency greater than or equal to 50 Hz
and a duty cycle greater than 1%.

1 Press the front panel [Auto Scale] key.
2 When the AUTO menu appears, press [Menu On/Off] to turn off the menu.

The oscilloscope turns on all channels that have waveforms applied and sets
the vertical and horizontal scales appropriately. It also selects a time base
range based on the trigger source. The trigger source selected is the
highest-numbered channel that has a waveform applied.

(The Undo softkey in the AUTO menu lets you cancel the auto scale and go back
to the previous setup.)

Getting Started 1

The oscilloscope is configured to the following default control settings:

Table 4 Auto Scale Default Settings

Menu Setting

Horizontal time base Y-T (amplitude vs. time)

Acquisition mode Normal

Vertical coupling Adjusted to AC or DC according

to the waveform.

Vertical "V/div" Adjusted

Volts/Div Coarse

Bandwidth limit OFF

Waveform invert OFF

Horizontal position Center

Horizontal "s/div" Adjusted

Trigger type Edge

Trigger source Measure the channel with input

waveform automatically.

Trigger coupling DC

Trigger voltage Midpoint setting

Trigger sweep Auto

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 25

1 Getting Started

Low frequency compensation adjustment

Over Compensated

Under Compensated

Correctly Compensated

Step 6. Compensate probes

Compensate probes to match your probe to the input channel. You should
compensate a probe whenever you attach it for the first time to any input channel.

Low Frequency Compensation

For the supplied passive probes:
1 Set the Probe menu attenuation to 10X. If you use the probe hooktip, ensure a

proper connection by firmly inserting the tip onto the probe.

2 Attach the probe tip to the probe compensation connector and the ground lead

to the probe compensator ground connector.

3 Press the [Auto Scale] front panel key.

Figure 4 Low Frequency Probe Compensation

4 If waveform does not appear like the Correctly Compensated waveform shown

in Figure 4, then use a nonmetallic tool to adjust the low frequency
compensation adjustment on the probe for the flattest square wave possible.

High Frequency Compensation

For the supplied passive probes:

26 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Getting Started 1

High frequency compensation adjustments

Over Compensated

Under Compensated

Correctly Compensated

1 Using the BNC adapter, connect the probe to a square wave generator.
2 Set the square wave generator to a frequency of 1 MHz, an amplitude of

3 Vp-p, and an output termination of 50Ω.

3 Press the [Auto Scale] front panel key.

Figure 5 High Frequency Probe Compensation

4 If waveform does not appear like the Correctly Compensated waveform shown

in Figure 5, then use a nonmetallic tool to adjust the 2 high frequency
compensation adjustments on the probe for the flattest square wave possible.

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 27

1 Getting Started

Entry knob Horizontal controls Run controls

Menu controlsVertical controls Trigger controls

Softkeys

Setup and File controls

Math functions Reference waveforms

Step 7. Become familiar with the Front Panel Controls

Before using the oscilloscope, familiarize yourself with the front panel controls.

The front panel has knobs, keys, and softkeys. Knobs are used most often to make
adjustments. Keys are used for run controls and to change other oscilloscope
settings via menus and softkeys.

28 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Figure 6 Front Panel

Getting Started 1

The definitions of the front panel knobs, keys, and softkeys are as follows:

Table 5 Front Panel Controls

Controls Consists of these knobs and keys

Entry knob For the adjustment of defined controls.

Setup controls [Auto Scale] and [Default Setup] front panel keys.

File controls [Save/Recall] and [Print] front panel keys.

Horizontal controls Position knob, [Horiz] front panel key, and scale knob.

Run controls [Run/Stop] and [Single] front panel keys.

Menu controls [Cursors], [Meas], [Acquire], [Display] , and [Utility] front panel keys.

Trigger controls Trigger [Level] knob, [Menu], and [Force Trigger] front panel keys.

Vertical controls Vertical position knobs, vertical scale knobs, channel ([1], [2], etc.)

[Math], and [Ref] front panel keys.

Softkeys Five gray keys from top to bottom on the right-hand side of the screen,

which select the adjacent menu items in the currently displayed
menu.

Front Panel Overlays for Different Languages

If you choose a language option other than English, you get a front panel overlay
for your language option.

To install a front panel overlay:
1 Insert the tabs on the left side of the overlay into the appropriate slots on the

front panel.

2 Gently press the overlay over the knobs and buttons.
3 When the overlay is against the front panel, insert the tabs on the right side of

the overlay into the slots on the front panel.

4 Let the overlay flatten out. It should remain secure on the front panel.

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 29

1 Getting Started

Channel 1 Status,
DC coupling, 500 mV per division

Timebase
Status,
500 us per
division

Channel 1
Reference

Acquisition
Status

Waveform

Trigger,
rising edge,
channel 1,

1.56 V

Waveform window
position in memory

Trigger position
in memory

Trigger position in
waveform window

Step 8. Become familiar with the oscilloscope display

30 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Figure 7 Oscilloscope Display

Using the Oscilloscope Softkey Menus

Getting Started 1

Figure 8 Softkey Menus

When one of the oscilloscope front panel keys turns on a menu, you can use the
five softkeys to choose items from the menu.

Some common menu item choices are:

Accesses the next page of items in the menu.

Accesses the previous page of items in the menu.

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 31

1 Getting Started

Returns to the previous menu in the hierarchy.

The [Menu On/Off] front panel key turns off the menu or turns on the last accessed
menu on again. The Menu Display item in the Display menu lets you select the
amount of time menus are displayed (see “To change the menu display time” on
page 62).

32 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Step 9. Use the Run Control keys

There are two front panel keys for starting and stopping the oscilloscope’s
acquisition system: [Run/Stop] and [Single].

Getting Started 1

Figure 9 Run Control Keys

• When the [Run/Stop] key is green, the oscilloscope is acquiring data. To stop
acquiring data, press [Run/Stop]. When stopped, the last acquired waveform is
displayed.

• When the [Run/Stop] key is red, data acquisition is stopped. To start acquiring
data, press [Run/Stop].

• To capture and display a single acquisition (whether the oscilloscope is running
or stopped), press [Single]. After capturing and displaying a single acquisition,
the [Run/Stop] key is red.

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 33

1 Getting Started

Step 10. Access the built-in help

The oscilloscope has built-in quick help information. To access the built-in help:
1 Press and hold the front panel key, softkey, or pushable knob on which you

would like quick help information.

The built-in help is available in 11 different languages (see “Setting the Language

(Menu and Help)” on page 128).

34 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Securing the Oscilloscope

To secure a 1000B Series oscilloscope to its location, you can use a Kensington
lock or the security loop.

Getting Started 1

Hole for Kensington lock

Security loop

Figure 10 Securing the Instrument

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 35

1 Getting Started

36 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes
User’s Guide

2 Displaying Data

Using the Horizontal Controls 38
Using the Vertical Controls 45
Using Math Function Waveforms 54
Using Reference Waveforms 58
Changing the Display Settings 60

This chapter describes how to use the horizontal and vertical controls, channel
settings, math waveforms, reference waveforms, and display settings.

37

2 Displaying Data

Using the Horizontal Controls

The horizontal controls consist of:

• The horizontal scale knob — changes the oscilloscope’s time per division
setting using the center of the screen as a reference.

• The horizontal position knob — changes the position of the trigger point relative
to the center of the screen.

•The [Horiz] key — displays the Horizontal menu which lets you display the
zoomed (delayed) time base, change the time base mode, and display the
sample rate.

Figure 11 Horizontal Controls

Figure 12 shows the screen icon descriptions and control indicators.

38 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Displaying Data 2

Horizontal
scale
setting

Sample rate

Displayed waveform window ([ ])
position in memory

Trigger position
in memory

Trigger position in
waveform window

To adjust the horizontal scale

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 39

Figure 12 Status Bar, Trigger Position, and Horizontal Scale Control Indicators

• Turn the horizontal scale knob to change the horizontal time per division
(time/div) setting (and the oscilloscope’s sample rate — see “Memory Depth

and Sample Rate” on page 69).

The time/div setting changes in a 1-2-5 step sequence.

The time/div setting is also known as the sweep speed.

2 Displaying Data

When the time/div is set to 50 ms/div or slower, the oscilloscope enters Slow
Scan mode (see “Slow Scan Mode” below).

When the horizontal scale is set to 20 ns or faster, the oscilloscope uses
sine(x)/x interpolation to expand the horizontal time base.

• Push the horizontal scale knob to toggle between the zoomed time base and
the normal time base display (see “To display the zoomed time base” on
page 41).

The time/div setting is displayed in the status bar at the top left of the screen.
Because all channels are displayed in the same time base (except in the Alternate
trigger mode), the oscilloscope displays one time/div setting for all channels.

Slow Scan Mode

When the horizontal scale is set to 50 ms/div or slower, the oscilloscope enters
Slow Scan mode.

In the Slow Scan mode, peak detect acquisition is used so that no data is missed
(even the though the Acquire menu may show a different acquisition mode
setting). The oscilloscope acquires sufficient data for the pre-trigger part of the
display, then waits for the trigger. When the trigger occurs, the oscilloscope
continues to capture data for the post-trigger part of the display.

When using the Slow Scan mode to view low frequency signals, the channel
coupling should be set to “DC”.

The Slow Scan mode lets you see dynamic changes (like the adjustment of a
potentiometer) on low frequency waveforms. For example, Slow Scan mode is
often used in applications like transducer monitoring and power supply testing.

To adjust the horizontal position

• Turn the horizontal position knob to change the position of the trigger point
relative to the center of the screen.

The position knob adjusts the horizontal position of all channels, math
functions, and reference waveforms.

• Push the horizontal position knob to “zero” the trigger point (in other words,
move it to the center of the screen).

40 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

To display the zoomed time base

Zoomed window

Zoomed window view

The zoomed time base (also known as delayed sweep time base), magnifies a
portion of the original waveform display (now on the top half of the screen) and
displays it in a zoomed time base on the bottom half of the screen.

1 To toggle the zoomed time base “ON” or “OFF”, either push the horizontal scale

knob or press [Horiz] key followed by the Zoom softkey in the Horizontal menu.

2 When the zoomed time base is “ON”:

• The top half of the display shows the original waveform and the portion

being magnified.

• The horizontal scale knob changes the magnification (widens or narrows the

area of magnification).

• The horizontal position knob moves the area of magnification forward and

backward on the original waveform.

• The bottom half of the display shows the magnified data in the zoomed time

base.

Displaying Data 2

Figure 13 Zoomed Time Base Window

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 41

2 Displaying Data

To change the horizontal time base (Y-T, X-Y, or Roll)

1 Press [Horiz].
2 In the Horizontal menu, press Time Base.
3 Continue pressing the Time Base softkey or turn the entry knob to select

between:

Y-T Amplitude vs. time. This is the typical horizontal time base

setting.

X-Y Channel 2 (X-axis) vs. Channel 1 (Y-axis), see “X-Y Format” on

page 42.

Roll In Roll mode, the waveform display rolls from right to left, and

the minimum horizontal scale setting is 500 ms/div. No trigger
or horizontal position control is available. Roll mode is used in
applications similar to the ones for which Slow Scan mode is
used (see “Slow Scan Mode” on page 40).

42 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

X-Y Format

This format compares the voltage level of two waveforms point by point. It is
useful for studying phase relationships between two waveforms. This format only
applies to channels 1 and 2. Choosing the X-Y display format displays channel 1
on the horizontal axis and channel 2 on the vertical axis.

The oscilloscope uses the untriggered sample acquisition mode and waveform
data is displayed as dots. The sampling rate can vary from 4 kSa/s to 100 MSa/s,
and the default sampling rate is 1 MSa/s.

Figure 14 X-Y Display Format Showing Out-of-Phase Waveforms

Displaying Data 2

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 43

2 Displaying Data

To view the sample rate

The following modes or functions are not available in X-Y format:

• Automatic voltage or time measurements.

• Cursor measurements.

•Mask testing.

• Math function waveforms.

• Reference waveforms.

• Zoomed time base display.

• Displaying waveforms as vectors.

• Horizontal position knob.

• Trigger controls.

1 Press [Horiz].
2 In the Horizontal menu, the Sa Rate menu item d isplays the sample rate used for

the current horizontal scale setting.

44 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

See Also “Memory Depth and Sample Rate” on page 69.

Using the Vertical Controls

Scale knobs

Position knobs

The vertical controls consist of:

• The channel ([1], [2], [3], and [4]), [Math], and [Ref] front panel keys — turn
waveforms on or off (and display or hide their menus).

• The vertical scale knobs — change the amplitude per division setting for a
waveform, using either ground or the center of the screen as a reference
(depending on a preference setting).

• The vertical position knobs — change the vertical position of the waveform on
the screen.

Displaying Data 2

Figure 15 Vertical Controls

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 45

2 Displaying Data

To turn waveforms on or off (channel, math, or reference)

To adjust the vertical scale

Pressing the channel ([1], [2], [3], and [4]), [Math], and [Ref] front panel keys have
the following effect:

• If the waveform is off, the waveform is turned on and its menu is displayed.

• If the waveform is on and its menu is not displayed, its menu will be displayed.

• If the waveform is on and its menu is displayed, the waveform is turned off and
its menu goes away.

When an input channel waveform is on:

• Turn its vertical scale knob to change the amplitude per division setting.

The amplitude/div setting changes in a 1-2-5 step sequence from 2 mV/div to
10 V/div (with “1X” probe attenuation).

Either ground or the center of the screen is used as a reference, depending on
the “Expand Reference” preference setting (see “To select the vertical scale

reference level” on page 135). The “center of screen” reference is not available

for math function or reference waveforms.

• Push its vertical scale knob to toggle between vernier (fine scale) adjustment
and normal adjustment.

With vernier adjustment, the amplitude/div setting changes in small steps
between the normal (coarse scale) settings.

The Volts/Div item in a channel’s menu also toggles between vernier and
normal adjustment (see “To change the Volts/Div control sensitivity” on
page 51).

Vernier adjustment is not available for math function or reference waveforms.

The amplitude/div setting is displayed in the status bar at the bottom of the
screen.

To adjust the vertical position

Adjusting their vertical position lets you compare waveforms by aligning them
above one another or on top of each other.

When an input channel waveform is on:

46 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

• Turn the vertical position knob to change the vertical position of the waveform
on the screen.

Notice that the ground reference symbol on the left side of the display moves
with the waveform.

• Push the vertical position knob to “zero” the ground reference (in other words,
move it to the center of the screen).

Notice that, as you adjust the vertical position, a message showing the position of
the ground reference relative to the center of the screen is temporarily displayed in
the lower left-hand corner of the screen.

To specify channel coupling

1 If the channel’s menu is not currently displayed, press the channel key ([1], [2],

[3], or [4]).

2 In the Channel menu, press Coupling.
3 Continue pressing the Coupling softkey or turn the entry knob to select

between:

Displaying Data 2

DC Passes both DC and AC components of the input waveform to

the oscilloscope. See Figure 16.
You can quickly measure the DC component of the waveform by

simply noting its distance from the ground symbol.

AC Blocks the DC component of the input waveform and passes

the AC component. See Figure 17.
This lets you use greater sensitivity (amplitude/div settings) to

display the AC component of the waveform.

GND The waveform is disconnected from the oscilloscope input.

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 47

2 Displaying Data

DC Coupling

DC Coupling Status

Figure 16 DC Coupling Control

AC Coupling

AC Coupling Status

Figure 17 AC Coupling Control

48 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

To specify a bandwidth limit

When high frequency components of a waveform are not important to its analysis,
the bandwidth limit control can be used to reject frequencies above 20 MHz. See

Figure 19 and Figure 18.

1 If the channel’s menu is not currently displayed, press the channel key ([1], [2],

[3], or [4]).

2 In the Channel menu, press BW Limit to toggle the bandwidth limit setting “ON”

and “OFF”.

Displaying Data 2

Bandwidth limit OFF

Figure 18 BW Limit Control OFF

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 49

2 Displaying Data

To specify the probe attenuation

20 MHz Bandwidth

Bandwidth ON Status

Figure 19 BW Limit Control ON

For correct measurements, you must match the oscilloscope’s probe attenuation
factor settings with the attenuation factors of the probes being used.

The probe attenuation factor setting changes the vertical scaling of the
oscilloscope so that the measurement results reflect the actual voltage levels at
the probe tip.

1 If the channel’s menu is not currently displayed, press the channel key ([1], [2],

[3], or [4]).

2 In the Channel menu, press Probe.
3 Continue pressing the Probe softkey or turn the entry knob to select the

appropriate attenuation factor.

To use a digital filter

You can apply a digital filter to the sampled waveform data.

1 If the channel’s menu is not currently displayed, press the channel key ([1], [2],

[3], or [4]).

50 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Displaying Data 2

2 In the Channel menu, press Digital Filter.
3 In the Filter menu, press Filter Type, and continue pressing the Filter Type softkey

or turn the entry knob to select between:

LPF (Low Pass Filter).

HPF (High Pass Filter).

BPF (Band Pass Filter).

BRF (Band Reject Filter).

4 Depending on the type of filter selected, press Upper Limit and/or Lower Limit,

and turn the entry knob to adjust the limit.

The horizontal scale control sets the maximum value for the upper and lower
limits.

Digital filters are not available when:

• The horizontal scale is 20 ns/div or lower.

• The horizontal scale is 50 ms/div or higher.

To change the Volts/Div control sensitivity

When you need to adjust the amplitude/div setting in smaller increments, you can
change the sensitivity ofthe vertical scale control.

1 If the channel’s menu is not currently displayed, press the channel key ([1], [2],

[3], or [4]).

2 In the Channel menu, press Volts/Div to toggle between:

Coarse The verical scale knob changes the amplitude/div setting in a

1-2-5 step sequence from 2 mV/div to 10 V/div (with “1X”
probe attenuation).

Fine Also known as vernier, the vertical scale knob changes the

amplitude/div setting in small steps between the normal
(coarse scale) settings.

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 51

2 Displaying Data

To invert a waveform

You can also toggle between coarse and fine settings by pushing the vertical scale
knob (see “To adjust the vertical scale” on page 46).

You can invert a waveform with respect to the ground level.

1 If the channel’s menu is not currently displayed, press the channel key ([1], [2],

[3], or [4]).

2 In the Channel menu, press Invert to toggle between “ON” and “OFF”.

Figure 20 and Figure 21 show the changes before and after inversion.

Figure 20 Waveform Before Inversion

52 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Figure 21 Waveform After Inversion

Displaying Data 2

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 53

2 Displaying Data

Using Math Function Waveforms

The math functions control allows the selection of the math functions:

•Add.

• Subtract.

• Multiply.

• FFT (Fast Fourier Transform).

The mathematical result can be measured using the grid and cursor controls.

The amplitude of the math waveform can be adjusted using a menu item selection
in the Math menu and the entry knob. The adjustment range is in a 1-2-5 step
from 0.1% to 1000%.

The math scale setting is shown at the bottom of the display.

Math Scale

Figure 22 Math Scale Setting Value

To add, subtract, or multiply waveforms

1 Press [Math].
2 In the Math menu, press Operate.

54 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

3 Continue pressing the Operate softkey or turn the entry knob to select

NOTE

“A + B”, “A - B”, or “A x B”.

4 Press Source A, and continue pressing the softkey to select the desired input

channel.

5 Press Source B, and continue pressing the softkey to select the desired input

channel.

6 To invert the result of the addition, subtraction, or multiplication (with respect

to the reference level), select Invert to toggle between “ON” and “OFF”.

To display the frequency domain using FFT

The FFT math function mathematically converts a time-domain waveform into its
frequency components. FFT waveforms are useful for finding the harmonic content
and distortion in systems, for characterizing noise in DC power supplies, and for
analyzing vibration.

To display a waveform’s FFT:

1 Press [Math].
2 In the Math menu, press Operate.
3 Continue pressing the Operate softkey or turn the entry knob to select “FFT”.
4 In the FFT menu, press Source, and continue pressing the softkey to select the

desired input channel.

Displaying Data 2

The FFT of a waveform that has a DC component or offset can cause incorrect FFT waveform
magnitude values. To minimize the DC component, choose AC Coupling on the source
waveform.

To reduce random noise and aliasing components (in repetitive or single-shot waveforms), set
the oscilloscope acquisition mode to averaging.

5 Press Window, and continue pressing the softkey or turn the entry knob to

select the desired window:

There are four FFT windows. Each window has trade-offs between frequency
resolution and amplitude accuracy. What you want to measure and your source
waveform characteristics help determine which window to use. Use the
guidelines in Table 6 to select the best window.

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 55

2 Displaying Data

NOTE

Table 6 FFT Window Characteristics

Window Characteristics Best for measuring

Rectangle Best frequency resolution, worst

magnitude resolution. This is essentially
the same as no window.

Hanning,
Hamming

Blackman Best magnitude, worst frequency

Better frequency, poorer magnitude
accuracy than Rectangular. Hamming
has slightly better frequency resolution
than Hanning.

resolution.

Transients or bursts, the waveform
levels before and after the event are
nearly equal. Equal-amplitude sine
waves with fixed frequencies.
Broadband random noise with a
relatively slow varying spectrum.

Sine, periodic, and narrow-band
random noise. Transients or bursts
where the waveform levels before and
after the events are significantly
different.

Single frequency waveforms, to find
higher order harmonics.

6 Press Display to toggle between a “Split” screen display and a “Full Screen”

display.

7 Press and turn the entry knob to adjust the vertical position of the

FFT waveform.

8 Press and turn the entry knob to adjust the vertical scale of the

FFT waveform.

9 Press Scale to toggle between “V

” and “dBV

RMS

RMS

” units.

To display FFT waveforms with a large dynamic range, use the dBVrms scale. The dBVrms
scale displays component magnitudes using a log scale.

10 Use the horizontal position knob to adjust the frequency per division.

The frequency scale is displayed on the screen. Use this to display the
frequencies associated with the peaks in the FFT waveform.

56 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Figure 23 FFT Waveform

NOTE

NOTE

Displaying Data 2

FFT Resolution

The FFT resolution is the quotient of the sampling rate and the number of FFT points (fS/N).
With a fixed number of FFT points (1024), the lower the sampling rate, the better the
resolution.

Nyquist Frequency and Aliasing in the Frequency Domain

The Nyquist frequency is the highest frequency that any real-time digitizing oscilloscope can
acquire without aliasing. This frequency is half of the sample rate. Frequencies above the
Nyquist frequency will be under sampled, which causes aliasing. The Nyquist frequency is also
called the folding frequency because aliased frequency components fold back from that
frequency when viewing the frequency domain.

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 57

2 Displaying Data

NOTE

Using Reference Waveforms

You can save a reference waveform to an internal, nonvolatile memory location
and then display it on the oscilloscope along with other captured waveforms.

You can also export/import reference waveforms to/from an external USB drive
when it is connected to the front panel USB host port.

Reference waveforms are displayed (that is, turned on/off) just like other
waveforms (see page 46).

The reference waveform function is not available in X-Y mode.

To save a reference waveform

1 Before saving a waveform as a reference, set the waveform’s scale and position

as desired.

These settings will become the reference waveform’s defaults.

2 Press [Ref].
3 In the REF menu, press Source, and continue pressing the softkey or turn the

entry knob to select the waveform you want to save.

4 Press Location to choose “Internal”.
5 Press Save.

To export or import reference waveforms

To export or import from external storage (when a USB drive is connected to
the front panel USB host port):

1 Press [Ref].
2 If exporting a waveform, in the REF menu, press Source, and continue pressing

the softkey or turn the entry knob to select the waveform you want to
export.

3 Presh Location to choose “External”.
4 Press Save or Import.

58 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

5 Use the disk manager dialog to navigate to the folder where you want to export

the file or to select the file you want to import (see “To navigate the d irectory

hierarchy” on page 117).

6 In the Save or Import menu:

• To export the waveform, press New File, enter the filename (see “To edit

folder/file names” on page 118), and press Save.

• To load the selected waveform (.wfm file), press Import.

To return the reference waveform to its default scale

1 Press [Ref].
2 In the REF menu, press Reset.

The scale and position of the waveform as originally saved are restored.

Displaying Data 2

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 59

2 Displaying Data

Changing the Display Settings

Figure 24 [Display] Key

To display waveforms as vectors or dots

1 Press [Display].

60 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

2 In the Display menu, press Type to toggle the waveform display between:

Vectors The oscilloscope connects the sample points by using digital

interpolation.
Digital interpolation maintains linearity by using a sin(x)/x

digital filter. The digital interpolation is suitable for real time
sampling and is most effective at 20 ns or faster horizontal
scale settings.

Dots The sample points are displayed.

To clear the display

1 Press [Display].
2 In the Display menu, press Clear.

To set waveform persistence

1 Press [Display].
2 In the Display menu, press Persist to toggle the waveform display between:

Displaying Data 2

Infinite Sample points remain displayed until the display is cleared or

persistence is set to “OFF”.

OFF

To adjust waveform intensity

1 Press [Display].
2 In the Display menu, press Intensity and turn the entry knob to adjust the

waveform intensity.

To change the grid

1 Press [Display].
2 In the Display menu, press Grid, and continue pressing the softkey or turn the

entry knob to select between:

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 61

2 Displaying Data

To adjust the grid brightness

To invert screen colors

Display grid and coordinates on the axes.

Displays coordinates on the axes.

Turns off the grid and coordinates.

1 Press [Display].
2 In the Display menu, press GridBright and turn the entry knob to adjust the

grid brightness.

1 Press [Display] > Preference.
2 In the Display menu, press Screen to toggle the screen between “Normal” or

“Inverted” colors.

Inverted screen colors are sometimes useful when printing or saving screens.

To change the menu display time

The menu display time is how long menus remain on the screen after a front panel
key or softkey has been pressed.

1 Press [Display].
2 In the Display menu, press Menu Display, and continue pressing the softkey or

turn the entry knob to select “1 s”, “2 s”, “5 s”, “10 s”, “20 s”, or “Infinite”
menu display time.

62 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes
User’s Guide

3 Capturing Data

Overview of Sampling 64
Choosing the Acquisition Mode 73
Choosing the Acquisition Mode 73
Recording/Playing-back Waveforms 78
Adjusting the Trigger Level 82
Choosing the Trigger Mode 84
Setting Other Trigger Parameters 90
Using the External Trigger Input 94

This chapter describes sampling and acquisition modes and how to set up
triggers.

63

3 Capturing Data

Overview of Sampling

To understand the oscilloscope’s sampling and acquisition modes, it is helpful to
understand sampling theory, aliasing, oscilloscope bandwidth and sample rate,
oscilloscope rise time, oscilloscope bandwidth required, and how memory depth
affects sample rate.

Sampling Theory

The Nyquist sampling theorem states that for a limited bandwidth (band-limited)
signal with maximum frequency f
must be greater than twice the maximum frequency f
signal be uniquely reconstructed without aliasing.

f

= fS/2 = Nyquist frequency (fN) = folding frequency

MAX

Aliasing

, the equally spaced sampling frequency fS

MAX

, in order to have the

MAX

Aliasing occurs when signals are under-sampled (fS < 2f
distortion caused by low frequencies falsely reconstructed from an insufficient
number of sample points.

). Aliasing is the signal

MAX

64 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Figure 25 Alaising

Capturing Data 3

Oscilloscope Bandwidth and Sample Rate

An oscilloscope’s bandwidth is typically described as the lowest frequency at
which input signal sine waves are attenuated by 3 dB (-30% amplitude error).

At the oscilloscope bandwidth, sampling theory says the required sample rate is
f

=2fBW. However, the theory assumes there are no frequency components above

S

f

(fBW in this case) and it requires a system with an ideal brick-wall frequency

MAX

response.

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 65

3 Capturing Data

f

S

f

N

-3dB

Attenuation

Frequency

0dB

Figure 26 Theoretical Brick-Wall Frequency Response

66 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

However, digital signals have frequency components above the fundamental
frequency (square waves are made up of sine waves at the fundamental frequency
and an infinite number of odd harmonics), and typically, for 1 Ghz bandwidths and
below, oscilloscopes have a Gaussian frequency response.

Figure 27 Sample Rate and Oscilloscope Bandwidth

f

S

f

N

fS/4

-3dB

Attenuation

Aliased frequency

components

Frequency

Limiting oscilloscope bandwidth (fBW) to 1/4 the sample rate (fS/4) reduces
frequency components above the Nyquist frequency (f

N

).

0dB

Capturing Data 3

So, in practice, an oscilloscope’s sample rate should be four or more times its
bandwidth: f
components have a greater amount of attenuation.

See Also Evaluating Oscilloscope Sample Rates vs. Sampling Fidelity: How to Make the

Most Accurate Digital Measurements, Keysight Application Note 1587

(http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5989-5732EN.pdf)

=4fBW. This way, there is less aliasing, and aliased frequency

S

Oscilloscope Rise Time

Closely related to an oscilloscope’s bandwidth specification is its rise time
specification. Oscilloscopes with a Gaussian-type frequency response have an

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 67

approximate rise time of 0.35/f

An oscilloscope’s rise time is not the fastest edge speed that the oscilloscope can
accurately measure. It is the fastest edge speed the oscilloscope can possibly
produce.

based on a 10% to 90% criterion.

BW

3 Capturing Data

Oscilloscope Bandwidth Required

The oscilloscope bandwidth required to accurately measure a signal is primarily
determined by the signal’s rise time, not the signal's frequency. You can use these
steps to calculate the oscilloscope bandwidth required:

1 Determine the fastest edge speeds.

You can usually obtain rise time information from published specifications for
devices used in your designs.

2 Compute the maximum “practical” frequency component.

From Dr. Howard W. Johnson’s book, High-Speed Digital Design – A Handbook
of Black Magic, all fast edges have an infinite spectrum of frequency
components. However, there is an inflection (or “knee”) in the frequency
spectrum of fast edges where frequency components higher than f

knee

are

insignificant in determining the shape of the signal.

f

= 0.5 / signal rise time (based on 10% - 90% thresholds)

knee

f

= 0.4 / signal rise time (based on 20% - 80% thresholds)

knee

3 Use a multiplication factor for the required accuracy to determine the

oscilloscope bandwidth required.

Required
accuracy

20% f

10% fBW = 1.3 x f

3% fBW = 1.9 x f

Oscilloscope bandwidth
required

= 1.0 x f

BW

knee

knee

knee

See Also Choosing an Oscilloscope with the Right Bandwidth for your Application, Keysight

Application Note 1588
(http://literature.cdn.keysight.com/litweb/pdf/5989-5733EN.pdf)

68 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Memory Depth and Sample Rate

The number of points of oscilloscope memory is fixed (except when divided
between channel pairs), and there is a maximum sample rate associated with
oscilloscope’s analog-to-digital converter; however, the actual sample rate is
determined by the time of the acquisition (which is set according to the
oscilloscope’s horizontal time/div scale).

sample rate = number of samples / time of acquisition

For example, when storing 10 us of data in 10,000 points of memory, the actual
sample rate is 1 GSa/s.

Likewise, when storing 1 s of data in 10,000 points of memory, the actual sample
rate is 10 kSa/s.

The actual sample rate, is displayed in the Horizontal menu (see “To view the

sample rate” on page 44).

The oscilloscope achieves the actual sample rate by throwing away (decimating)
unneeded samples.

Capturing Data 3

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 69

3 Capturing Data

1

1

1

1

N

= Waveform Sample is From

Trigger Time

Choosing the Sampling Mode

The osilloscope can operate in real-time or equivalent-time sampling modes.

You can choose the oscilloscope’s sampling mode in the Acquire menu (accessed
by pressing the [Acquire] front panel button).

To select the real-time sampling mode

In the real-time sampling mode, single waveforms are sampled at uniformly
spaced intervals. See Figure 28.

70 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Figure 28 Real-Time Sampling Mode

Use the real-time sampling mode when capturing (non-repetitive) single-shot or
pulse waveforms.

The 1000B Series oscilloscopes provide real-time sampling rates up to 500 MSa/s
(when two channels are on) or 1 GSa/s (when one channel is on).

To select the Real-Time sampling mode:

1 Press [Acquire].
2 In the Acquire menu, select Sampling to choose the “Real Time” sampling mode.

In the real-time sampling mode, when the horizontal scale is set to 20 ns or faster,
the oscilloscope uses sine(x)/x interpolation to expand the horizontal time base.

To select the equivalent-time sampling mode

1

1

1

1

2

3

4

5

4

4

4

3

3

3

5

5

5

2

2

2

N

= Waveform Sample is From

Trigger Time

D1

D2

D3

D4

In the equivalent-time sampling mode (also known as repetitive sampling),
multiple waveforms are sampled using randomly differing delays from the trigger
to yield higher effective sampling rates.

Capturing Data 3

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 71

Figure 29 Equivalent-Time (Repetitive) Sampling Mode

In the equivalent-time sampling mode, the effective sample rate can be greater
because the time between samples in the acquisition is shorter.

Equivalent-time sampling mode requires a repetitive waveform with a stable
trigger.

Use the equivalent-time sampling mode to capture repetitive high-frequency
signals at greater sample rates than are available in the real-time sampling mode.

Do not use the equivalent-time mode for single-shot events or pulse waveforms.

The benefits of the equivalent-time sampling mode are negligible when sample
rates are the same as available in the real-time sampling mode.

In the 1000B Series oscilloscopes, the equivalent time sampling mode can achieve
up to 40 ps of horizontal resolution (equivalent to 25 GSa/s).

To select the Equivalent-Time sampling mode:

1 Press [Acquire].

3 Capturing Data

2 In the Acquire menu, select Sampling to choose the “Equ-Time” sampling mode.

72 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Choosing the Acquisition Mode

The osilloscope can operate in normal, average, or peak detect acquisition modes.

You can choose the oscilloscope’s acquisition mode in the Acquire menu
(accessed by pressing the [Acquire] front panel key).

Capturing Data 3

Figure 30 [Acquire] Key

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 73

3 Capturing Data

To select the Normal acquisition mode

To select the Average acquisition mode

In the Normal acquisition mode, acquisitions are made and displayed one after the
other.

To select the Normal acquisition mode:

1 Press [Acquire].
2 In the Acquire menu, press Acquisition.
3 Continue pressing the Acquisition softkey or turn the entry knob to select

“Normal”.

In the Average acquisition mode, acquisitions are made, and the running average
over the specified number of acquisitions is displayed.

Use the Average acquisition mode to remove random noise from the waveform
and to improve measurement accuracy.

Figure 31 Noisy Waveform Without Averaging

74 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Figure 32 Noisy Waveform With Averaging

Capturing Data 3

The Average acquisition mode decreases the screen refresh rate.

To select the Average acquisition mode:

1 Press [Acquire].
2 In the Acquire menu, press Acquisition.
3 Continue pressing the Acquisition softkey or turn the entry knob to select

“Averag e”.

4 Press Averages and turn the entry knob to select the desired number (2, 4, 8,

16, 32, 64, 128, or 256).

To select the Peak Detect acquisition mode

In Normal or Average acquisition modes, at longer horizontal time/div settings,
the oscilloscope’s analog-to-digital converter samples at a rate that yields more
samples than can be stored in a limited amount of oscilloscope memory.
Consequently, samples are thrown away (decimated), and you can miss narrow
excursions on a signal.

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide 75

3 Capturing Data

However, in the Peak Detect acquisition mode, acquisitions are made at the
fastest sample rate, and the minimum and maximum values for the period
associated with the actual sample rate are stored. This way, you can capture
narrow excursions on a signal at longer horizontal time/div settings.

Figure 33 Peak Detect Waveform

Because minimum and maximum values for a sample period are stored, you can
use the Peak Detect acquisition mode to avoid waveform aliasing.

To select the Peak Detect acquisition mode:

1 Press [Acquire].
2 In the Acquire menu, press Acquisition.
3 Continue pressing the Acquisition softkey or turn the entry knob to select

“Peak Detect”.

76 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

To turn OFF/ON sine(x)/x interpolation

When sample points are displayed as vectors (instead of dots) and sine(x)/x
interpolation is on, curved lines are drawn between sample points. When sine(x)/x
interpolation is off, straight lines are drawn.

The effects of sine(x)/x interpolation are only noticeable when the horizontal scale
is set to 20 ns or faster.

1 Press [Acquire].
2 In the Acquire menu, press Sinx/x to turn sine(x)/x interpolation “OFF” or “ON”.

Capturing Data 3

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3 Capturing Data

Recording/Playing-back Waveforms

You can record waveforms from input channels or from the mask test output, with
a maximum acquisition depth of 1000 frames.

The ability to record mask test output is especially useful for capturing abnormal
waveforms over a long period of time.

To record waveforms

To record waveforms:

1 Press [Acquire].
2 In the Acquire menu, press Sequence.
3 In the Sequence menu, press Mode.
4 Continue pressing the Mode softkey or turn the entry knob to select Record.

To select the source channel for record ing

1 In the Sequence menu ([Acquire] > Sequence > Mode=Record), press Source.
2 Continue pressing the Source softkey or turn the entry knob to select the

desired input channel or the mask test output.

To specify the mask test output, see “To set the mask test output condition” on
page 130.

To select the number of frames to record

1 In the Sequence menu ([Acquire] > Sequence > Mode=Record), press End Frame.
2 Turn the entry knob to select a number from 1 to 1000.

To start/stop recording

1 In the Sequence menu ([Acquire] > Sequence > Mode=Record), press Operate to

start or stop recording.

Appears on the menu when not recording; press Operate to start
recording.

Appears on the menu when recording; press Operate to stop
recording.

78 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

To select the interval between recorded frames

1 In the Sequence menu ([Acquire] > Sequence > Mode=Record), press Interval.
2 Turn the entry knob to select an interval from 1 ms to 1000 s.

To play-back waveforms

To play-back waveforms:

1 Press [Acquire].
2 In the Acquire menu, press Sequence.
3 In the Sequence menu, press Mode.
4 Continue pressing the Mode softkey or turn the entry knob to select

“Play back”.

To play-back/stop the record ing

1 In the Sequence menu ([Acquire] > Sequence > Mode=Play back), press Operate to

play-back or stop the recording.

Capturing Data 3

Appears on the menu when not playing-back; press Operate to
start playing-back the recording.

Appears on the menu when playing-back; press Operate to stop
playing-back.

To select continuous or one-time play-back

1 In the Sequence menu ([Acquire] > Sequence > Mode=Play back), press Play Mode

to toggle between:

Continuous play-back.

One-time play-back.

To select the interval between played-back frames

1 In the Sequence menu ([Acquire] > Sequence > Mode=Play back), press Interval.
2 Turn the entry knob to select an interval from 1 ms to 20 s.

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3 Capturing Data

To store recorded waveforms

To select the start frame

1 In the Sequence menu ([Acquire] > Sequence > Mode=Play back), press Start Frame.
2 Turn the entry knob to select a number from l to 1000.

To select the current frame

1 In the Sequence menu ([Acquire] > Sequence > Mode=Play back), press

Current Frame.

2 Turn the entry knob to select a number from l to 1000.

To select the end frame

1 In the Sequence menu ([Acquire] > Sequence > Mode=Play back), press End Frame.
2 Turn the entry knob to select a number from l to 1000.

To store recorded waveforms:

1 Press [Acquire].
2 In the Acquire menu, press Sequence.
3 In the Sequence menu, press Mode.
4 Continue pressing the Mode softkey or turn the entry knob to select

“Storage”.

To select the start frame

1 In the Sequence menu ([Acquire] > Sequence > Mode=Storage), press Start Frame.
2 Turn the entry knob to select a number from l to 1000.

To select the end frame

1 In the Sequence menu ([Acquire] > Sequence > Mode=Storage), press End Frame.
2 Turn the entry knob to select a number from l to 1000.

To select internal/external recording storage location

1 In the Sequence menu ([Acquire] > Sequence > Mode=Storage), press Location to

toggle between Internal and External.

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Capturing Data 3

Internal Recordings are saved and loaded from oscilloscope internal

memory.

External Recordings are saved, loaded, exported, and imported from an

external USB drive.

To save a recording

1 In the Sequence menu ([Acquire] > Sequence > Mode=Storage), press Save.
2 If the External location has been selected, use the Disk Manager to name and

save the waveform recording file. See “Using the Disk Manager” on page 116.

To load a recording

1 In the Sequence menu ([Acquire] > Sequence > Mode=Storage), press Load.
2 If the External location has been selected, use the Disk Manager to select and

load the waveform recording file. See “Using the Disk Manager” on page 116.

To import/export recordings

1 Because you can only export and import waveform recordings from an external

drive, select the External location. See “To select internal/external recording

storage location” on page 80.

2 In the Sequence menu ([Acquire] > Sequence > Mode=Storage), press Imp./Exp..
3 Use the Disk Manager to select the file and import or export the waveform

recording. See “Using the Disk Manager” on page 116.

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3 Capturing Data

Adjusting the Trigger Level

Figure 34 Trigger Controls

To adjust the trigger level

• Turn the trigger [Level] knob.

Trigger level knob

Two things happen:

• The trigger level value is displayed at the lower left-hand corner of the

screen.

• A line is displayed showing the location of the trigger level with respect to

the waveform (except when using AC coupling or LF reject coupling modes).

• Push the trigger [Level] knob to set the level at 50% of the signal’s vertical
amplitude.

To force a trigger

To make an acquisition even if no valid trigger has been found:
1 Press [Force Trigger].

Forcing a trigger is useful, for example, when you want to display the DC voltage
of a level signal.

The [Force Trigger] key has no effect if the acquisition is already stopped.

82 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Capturing Data 3

When the oscilloscope’s front panel is locked by a remote program (shown by a
red “Rmt” on the upper-right part of the display), pressing the [Force Trigger] key
returns the front panel to Local control.

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3 Capturing Data

Choosing the Trigger Mode

The trigger determines when captured data should be stored and displayed.

When a trigger is set up properly, it can convert unstable displays or blank screens
into meaningful waveforms.

When the oscilloscope starts to acquire a waveform, it collects enough data so
that it can draw the waveform to the left of the trigger point. The oscilloscope
continues to acquire data while waiting for the trigger condition to occur. After it
detects a trigger, the oscilloscope continues to acquire enough data so that it can
draw the waveform to the right of the trigger point.

The oscilloscope provides these trigger modes:

Edge Can be used with analog and digital circuits. An edge trigger

occurs when the trigger input passes through a specified
voltage level with the specified slope.

Pulse Is used to find pulses with certain widths.

Video Is used to trigger on fields or lines for standard video

waveforms.

Alternate Is used to trigger on non-synchronized signals.

To set up edge triggers

1 Press [Menu].
2 In the Trigger menu, press Mode.
3 Continue pressing the Mode softkey or turn the entry knob to select “Edge”.
4 Then, either push the entry knob or press Mode again.
5 Press Source and continue pressing the softkey or turn the entry knob to

select the waveform to trigger on:

CH1 - CH2 The oscilloscope input channel.

EXT The external trigger input.

AC Line The AC power line.

84 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

6 Press Slope and continue pressing the softkey or turn the entry knob to

select the edge to trigger on:

Rising edge.

Falling edge.

Both rising and falling edges.

To set up pulse width triggers

A pulse width trigger occurs when a pulse that matches the pulse definition is
found in a waveform.

The width setting can be adjusted from 20 ns to 10 s.

1 Press [Menu].
2 In the Trigger menu, press Mode.
3 Continue pressing the Mode softkey or turn the entry knob to select “Pulse”.
4 Then, either push the entry knob or press Mode again.
5 Press Source and continue pressing the softkey or turn the entry knob to

select the waveform to trigger on:

Capturing Data 3

CH1 - CH2 The oscilloscope input channel.

EXT The external trigger input.

6 Press When and continue pressing the softkey or turn the entry knob to

select the type of pulse to trigger on:

Positive pulse greater than the width setting.

Positive pulse less than the width setting.

Negative pulse greater than the width setting.

Negative pulse less than the width setting.

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3 Capturing Data

NOTE

To set up video triggers

7 Press Setting and turn the entry knob to adjust the width setting.

Video triggering is used to trigger on fields or lines of NTSC, PAL, or SECAM
standard video waveforms.

When the video trigger mode is selected, the trigger coupling is set to AC.

1 Press [Menu].
2 In the Trigger menu, press Mode.
3 Continue pressing the Mode softkey or turn the entry knob to select “Video”.
4 Then, either push the entry knob or press Mode again.
5 Press Polarity to toggle between:

Normal polarity — trigger on the negative edge of the sync
pulse.

Inverted polarity — trigger on the positive edge of the sync
pulse.

Normal Polarity Sync triggers always occur on negative-going horizontal sync pulses. If the
video waveform has positive-going horizontal sync pulses, use the Inverted Polarity selection.

6 Press Sync and continue pressing the softkey or turn the entry knob to select

what to trigger on:

All Lines Trigger on all lines.

Line Num Trigger on a selected line.

If you select “Line Num”, press the following Line Num menu
item and turn the entry knob to select the line number.

Odd Field Trigger on an odd field.

Even Field Trigger on an even field.

7 Press Standard to toggle between:

86 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

NTSC Trigger on an NTSC video waveform.

PAL/ SECAM Trigger on a PAL or SECAM video waveform.

Capturing Data 3

Figure 35 Line Synchronization

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3 Capturing Data

Figure 36 Field Synchronization

88 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

To set up alternate triggers

The Alternate trigger mode splits the display horizontally and lets you trigger on
two, non-synchronized signals.

1 Press [Menu].
2 In the Trigger menu, press Mode.
3 Continue pressing the Mode softkey or turn the entry knob to select

“Alterna te”.

4 Then, either push the entry knob or press Mode again.
5 Press Select to select the channel to set up triggering on, either “CH1” or

“CH2”.

At this point, the remaining items in the Trigger menu let you set up
independent triggers for the selected channel.

For each source, you can set up edge, pulse width, or video triggering. You can
also specify other trigger setup options, except trigger sweep.

Figure 37 Alternate Triggers

Capturing Data 3

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3 Capturing Data

Setting Other Trigger Parameters

These are trigger system parameters that apply in all trigger modes.

To set the trigger sweep

Trigger sweep specifies whether acquisitions occur without a triggern or only with
a trigger.

1 Press [Menu].
2 In the Trigger menu, press Sweep.
3 Continue pressing the Sweep softkey or turn the entry knob to select one of

these trigger sweep settings:

Auto Acquire waveform even when no trigger occurs.

Normal Acquire waveform when trigger occurs.

90 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

To set the trigger coupling

Trigger coupling is used to filter low frequency signal components or DC offsets
from the trigger path when they interfere with achieving stable triggers.

Trigger coupling is similar to channel coupling (see page 47), but it only affects
the triggering system and does not change how the signal is displayed.

To set the trigger coupling:

1 Press [Menu].
2 In the Trigger menu, press Set Up.
3 In the Set Up menu, press Coupling.

4 Continue pressing the the Coupling softkey or turn the entry knob to select

one of these trigger coupling settings:

DC Sets the trigger coupling to DC.

AC Sets the trigger coupling to AC — use for waveforms greater

than 50 Hz.

LF Reject Sets the trigger coupling to low frequency reject (10 kHz

cutoff).

To set the trigger high-frequency reject coupling

Trigger high-frequency reject coupling (100 kHz cutoff) is used to filter high
frequency signal components from the trigger path when they interfere with
achieving stable triggers.

To set the trigger high-frequency reject coupling:

1 Press [Menu].
2 In the Trigger menu, press Set Up.
3 In the Set Up menu, press HF Reject to toggle between “ON” and “OFF”.

Capturing Data 3

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3 Capturing Data

To change the trigger sensitivity

Trigger sensitivity specifies the vertical change that must occur in order for a
trigger to be recognized. In the 1000B Series oscilloscopes, you can adjust the
trigger sensitivity.

For example, to reduce the influence of noise, you can lower the trigger sensitivity
(by increasing the vertical change required to trigger).

To change the trigger sensitivity:

1 Press [Menu].
2 In the Trigger menu, press Set Up.
3 In the Set Up menu, press Sensitivity and turn the entry knob to adjust the

sensitivity setting.

The trigger sensitivity can be adjusted from 0.1 div to 1 div.

92 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

To specify a trigger holdoff

Trigger holdoff can be used to stabilize a waveform. The holdoff time is the
oscilloscope's waiting period before starting a new trigger. The oscilloscope will
not trigger until the holdoff time has expired.

Capturing Data 3

Figure 38 Trigger Holdoff

To specify a trigger holdoff:

1 Press [Menu].
2 In the Trigger menu, press Set Up.
3 In the Set Up menu, press Holdoff and turn the entry knob to adjust the

holdoff setting.

To reset the trigger holdoff

1 In the Set Up menu, select the Holdoff Reset menu item to return the trigger

holdoff setting to the 100 ns minimum value.

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3 Capturing Data

Using the External Trigger Input

You can trigger on external inputs by selecting “EXT” as the trigger source in all
trigger modes except Alternate.

94 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes
User’s Guide

4 Making Measurements

Displaying Automatic Measurements 96
Voltage Measurements 98
Time Measurements 101
Counter (Frequency) 106
Making Cursor Measurements 107

This chapter shows how to make automatic voltage measurements, automatic
time measurements, and cursor measurements.

95

4 Making Measurements

Displaying Automatic Measurements

You can use the [Meas] key to display automatic measurements. The oscilloscope
has 22 automatic measurements and a hardware frequency counter (see “Vol tage

Measurements” on page 98 and “Time Measurements” on page 101).

Figure 39 [Meas] Key

96 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

Making Measurements 4

To display an automatic measurement

1 Press [Meas].
2 In the Measure menu, press Source to select the input channel on which to

make the automatic measurement.

3 Press Voltage (for voltage measurements) or Time (for time measurements) and

turn the entry knob to select the desired measurement.

4 Then, either push the entry knob or press Voltage or Time again to add the

measurement to the bottom of the display.

If the measurement result is displayed as "*****", the measurement cannot be
performed with the current oscilloscope settings.

A maximum of three measurements can be displayed at the bottom of the display.
When three measurements are displayed and you add a new one, the
measurements shift to the left, pushing the first measurement result off screen.

See Also “To display cursors for automatic measurements” on page 110.

To clear automatic measurements from the display

1 Press [Meas].
2 In the Measure menu, press Clear to clear all automatic measurements from the

display.

To display or hide all automatic measurements

1 Press [Meas].
2 In the Measure menu, press Display All to toggle the display of all automatic

measurements “ON” or “OFF”.

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4 Making Measurements

Vbase

Vtop

Overshoot

Vmax

Overshoot

Preshoot

Vpp

Vmin

Vamp

Voltage Measurements

There are 10 automatic voltage measurements:

•Vmax (Maximum Voltage).

• Vmin (Minimum Voltage).

• Vpp (Peak-to-Peak Voltage).

• Vtop (Top Voltage).

• Vbase (Base Voltage).

• Vamp (Amplitude Voltage = Vtop - Vbase).

•Vavg (Average Voltage).

• Vrms (Root-Mean-Square Voltage).

• Overshoot.

• Preshoot.

Figure 40 Voltage Measurement Points

Vmax (Maximum Voltage)

98 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide

The maximum amplitude. The most positive peak voltage measured over the entire
waveform. See Figure 40 on page 98.

Vmin (Minimum Voltage)

RMS

x

i

2

i 1=

n



n

--------------- -=

The minimum amplitude. The most negative peak voltage measured over the
entire waveform. See Figure 40 on page 98.

Vpp (Peak-to-Peak Voltage)

Peak-to-peak voltage. See Figure 40 on page 98.

Vtop (Top Voltage)

Voltage of the waveform's flat top, useful for square and pulse waveforms. See

Figure 40 on page 98.

Vbase (Base Voltage)

Voltage of the waveform's flat base, useful for square and pulse waveforms. See

Figure 40 on page 98.

Making Measurements 4

Vamp (Amplitude Voltage = Vtop - Vbase)

Voltage between Vtop and Vbase of a waveform. See Figure 40 on page 98.

Vavg (Average Voltage)

The arithmetic mean over the entire waveform.

Vrms (Root-Mean-Square Voltage)

The true root-mean-square voltage over the entire waveform.

Where:

x

= value at ith point.

i

n = number of points.

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4 Making Measurements

Overshoot

Preshoot

Defined as (Vmax-Vtop)/Vamp, useful for square and pulse waveforms. See

Figure 40 on page 98.

Defined as (Vmin-Vbase)/Vamp, useful for square and pulse waveforms. See

Figure 40 on page 98.

100 Keysight 1000B Series Oscilloscopes User’s Guide