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NKhome.com
AVAILABLE WITH
WIRELESS DATA TRANSFER
4400 Heat Stress Tracker
I NS TR UC TI ON AL M AN UA L
Shop for Kestrel products online at:
1.877.766.5412
www.WeatherMeters-Direct.com
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2 3
Guidelines ..............................................................................4
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ............................................4
Thermal Work Limit ..............................................................6
Vane Mount Assembly................................................... .... ...9
Data Logging........................................................................10
Glossary ................................................................................10
Maintenances & Services....................................................12
Warranty................................................................................13
OVERVIE W
NK, manufacturer of Kestrel Pocket Weather Trackers,
is available to answer questions and provide support.
Contact NK by phone: 610.447.1555; fax: 610.447.1577;
email: info@NKhome.com; or NKhome.com
To maximize the accuracy and reliability of your readings:
• Ensure that your Kestrel Tracker is in good repair and within factory calibration.
• Take readings frequently and carefully according to the guidelines above.
• Allow your meter’s readings to stabilize after signicant changes in temperature or humidity (ie changing location from indoors to outdoors).
• Allow a margin of safety for changing conditions and reading errors (2-3% of reading is recommended).
To reduce the risk of injury or death to persons, read and follow these guidelines!
• Know yourself and the individuals and items you are responsible for.
• Where appropriate, seek the guidance of a medical professional.
• Know what to do in the event of heat illness.
• Be prepared with supplies to treat heat illness.
• Have and practice a heat illness action plan.
CAUTION
!
Your Kestrel Weather Tracker is an environmental meter, not a medical device. It is only one source of
information and must be employed with care and good judgment.
WARNING
!
Your Kestrel brand Weather Tracker is designed to provide accurate measurement of current conditions
only. Depending on your location and environment, conditions may change rapidly.
Rapid temperature and humidity changes (ie moving your meter from indoors to outdoors) may cause inaccurate readings of temperature and humidity
as well as all readings which rely on either of these values. Before relying on a Kestrel Weather Weather Tracker readings, use care to either a) force air ow
over the sensors by waving or slinging your meter through the air; or b) wait until your unit’s readings have stabilized, indicating it has equilibrated to its
new environment.
Use extra care and good judgment when referring to your Kestrel Weather Tracker to make any
decisions regarding safety, health or property protection.
The Heat Stress, Wind Chill and Thermal Work Limit indices are published indices developed by the National Weather Service to provide decision guidance
based on average human physiological response. Certain individuals, animals, equipment or property may be more susceptible to harm relating to
environmental conditions, requiring additional precautions. For example, very young or elderly individuals, individuals with asthma or sickling trait, and
individuals who have not become acclimated to hot conditions are likely to be more prone to heat illness, heat exhaustion, heat stroke or death.
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Measuring
The unit will calculate and display Wet Bulb Globe
Temperature based on Globe Temperature, Relative
Humidity, Ambient Temperature, Barometric Pressure,
and Wind Speed.
WBGT in F
73 . 2
No ag
settings
To Change WBGT settings:
• Press while on the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature
screen.
• Use or to change the “Type” setting between
outdoor and indoor, (see glossary for more info).
• Use to scroll to “App”, then use or to
change the Application.
• Press to exit the WBGT settings screen.
Note: Flags for WBGT are listed in gure 1 (page 6). If red or
black ags are displayed, the number will ash to alert the user
with the screen contrast inverting. Unless the screen says “No ag”,
the ag color will ash. See below screenshots for examples of
inverting screen contrast. For information on work/rest ratios and
water consumption refer to Figure 1.
GUIDELI NES FOR USE WET BUL B GLOBE TEMPERATURE
The Kestrel 4400 Heat Stress Tracker will only yield
accurate measurements using the following guidelines.
It is important that the 4400 be fully acclimated to the
measurement environment for accurate readings.
Proper Placement
The Kestrel 4400 Heat Stress Tracker should always remain 3 feet
from the ground. If the 4400 is laid on the ground, it will compromise the
measurements of user’s conditions. To ensure proper placement, use the
Kestrel Compact Collapsible Tripod and the vane mount (included).
Optimal Acclimating Time
If taken from a cool climate, where the Kestrel 4400 Heat Stress Tracker
was stored, to an outside heat stress climate, the unit will need to adjust
accordingly. Give the unit a minimum of 7 minutes to adjust to the outside
climate if taken from storage (examples: air conditioned building, car
glove box, truck gearbox, etc). 10 minutes of acclimatization time is
recommended. If worn on the person without the Black Globe exposed,
the Kestrel 4400 Heat Stress Tracker will need at least 2 minutes to display
accurate measurements (examples: jeans pocket, shirt pocket, etc).
Repeat Measurements
When transporting the 4400 with the intention of taking repeat
measurements, such as on a hike or march, try to keep the unit exposed as
much as possible. A Kestrel Belt-Clip Carry Pouch or MOLLE-Compatible
Tactical Carry Pouch is ideal for this purpose as the Black Globe sensor
remains exposed to the air.
Note: the cautions and risks of using the Kestrel 4400 Heat Stress
Tracker aforementioned in these instructions. Use other factors such as
amount of work being completed or distance of land traveled when making judgments on heat stress and personnel capabilities.
WET BUL B GLOBE TEMPERATURE CON'T
Figure 1: Work/Rest ratios and Water Consumption Guidelines. (Source: U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine Health
Information Operations Division. URL: http://safety.ucanr.org/les/2091.pdf)
• The work/rest times and fluid
replacement volumes will sustain
performance and hydration for
at least 4 hrs of work in the
specified heat category. Fluid
needs can vary based on
individual differences (± ¼ qt/hr)
and exposure to full sun or full
shade (± ¼ qt/hr).
• NL = no limit to work time per hr.
• Rest = minimal physical activity
(sitting or standing) accomplished
in shade if possible.
• CAUTION: Hourly fluid intake
should not exceed 1½ qts.
Daily fluid intake should not
exceed 12 qts.
• If wearing body armor, add 5°F to
WBGT index in humid climates.
• If doing Easy Work and wearing
NBC (MOPP 4) clothing, add
10°F to WBGT index.
• If doing Moderate or Hard Work
and wearing NBC (MOPP 4)
clothing, add 20°F to WBGT
index.
Work/Rest and Water Consumption Table
Applies to average sized, heat-acclimated soldier wearing BDU, hot weather. (See TB MED 507 for further guidance.)
Heat
Category
WBGT
Index, Fº
Easy Work Moderate Work Hard Work
Work/Rest
(min)
Water
Intake
(qt/hr)
Work/Rest
(min)
Water
Intake
(qt/hr)
Work/Rest
(min)
Water
Intake
(qt/hr)
1 78º - 81.9º NL ½ NL ¾ 40/20 min ¾
2
(
GREEN)
82º - 84.9º NL ½ 50/10 min ¾ 30/30 min 1
3
(
YELLOW)
85º - 87.9º NL ¾ 40/20 min ¾ 30/30 min 1
4
(
RED)
88º - 89.9º NL ¾ 30/30 min ¾ 20/40 min 1
5
(
BLACK)
> 90º 50/10 min 1 20 /40 min 1 10/50 min 1
Easy Work Moderate Work Hard Work
• Weapon Maintenance
• Walking Hard Surface at 2.5 mph,
< 30 lb Load
• Marksmanship Training
• Drill and Ceremony
• Manual of Arms
• Walking Loose Sand at 2.5 mph,
No Load
• Walking Hard Surface at 3.5 mph,
< 40 lb Load
• Calisthenics
• Patrolling
• Individual Movement Techniques,
i.e., Low Crawl or High Crawl
• Defensive Position Construction
• Walking Hard Surface at 3.5 mph,
≥ 40 lb Load
• Walking Loose Sand at 2.5 mph
with Load
• Field Assaults
For additional copies, contact: U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine Health Information Operations Division
at (800) 222-9698 or CHPPM - Health Information Operations@apg.amedd.army. mil.
For electronic versions, see http://chppm-www.apgea.army.mil/heat. Local reproduction is authorized.
June 2004 CP-033-0404
For additional copies, contact: U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine Health Information Operations Division at (800) 222-9698
or CHPPM - Health Information Operations@apg.amedd.army. mil. For electronic versions, see http://chppm-www.apgea.army.mil/heat.
Local reproduction is authorized. June 2004
WBGT out F
90 . 7
Black ag
settings
WBGT out F
Black ag
settings
90 . 7
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THERMAL WORK LIMIT T WL
Measuring
The unit will display Thermal Work Limit based on Globe
Temperature, Relative Humidity, Ambient Temperature,
Barometric Pressure, Wind Speed, and parameters specic to
the population using the Thermal Work Limit measurement.
These parameters are the Intrinsic Clothing Insulation Factor
(IClo), Vapor Permeation Factor (VPF), Position of the body
(Pos), and surface area of the person (Area). See Clothing
Ensemble Level Setting Screen below.
To Change WBGT settings:
• Press while on the Thermal Work Limit screen.
• Use or to scroll to dierent ensembles.
Note: “Acclim” will blink on the TWL screen when the meter detects
that Acclimatization is the current zone. In the Buer or Withdrawal zones,
the number will ash as shown in the screenshots below. For information
on TWL interventions, refer to Figure 2. For typical numeric values for each
factor, refer to Figure 3.
TWL
24 5 . 7
Unrestricted
settings
w/m
2
ShSlv/Shorts
ShSlv/Pants
Coveralls
Business suit
ShSlv/Shorts
select exit
• Press to select the desired ensemble.
• A bullet indicates the selected ensemble.
• Press to exit the WBGT settings screen.
• If Custom is selected, each factor specic to the user
can be altered (shown above).
• To view the specics of an ensemble, press after
selecting it.
• If viewing the Custom ensemble specs, use or
to adjust each value, and or to scroll to
dierent parameters.
• Press to exit the ensemble specs, and once more
to exit TWL settings screen.
TWL
Withdrawl
settings
w/m
2
11 2 . 7
TWL
Withdrawl
settings
w/m
2
11 2 . 7
Figure 2: TWL values, working zones, and interventions.Source: Health Authority, Abu Dhabi.
URL: http://haad-safe.ae/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=27&Itemid=50
THERMAL WORK LIMIT T WL CON'T
TWL (W.m )
-2
Working Zone
Interventions
> 220 140-220 115-140 < 115
Unrestricted
Acclimatisation
Buer Withdrawal
No limits on
self-paced
work for trained,
hydrated workers.
No restriction for
acclimatized workers
Workers with uncertain
acclimatization status
should not work alone
in this zone
• Be aware of increased
risk of heat illness
• Dehydration test for
rst two shifts back
from leave
Buer zone exists to identify situations
in which environmental conditions
may be limiting to work
• Any practicable intervention to reduce
heat stress should be implemented e.g.
provide shade, improve ventilation etc
• Working alone to be avoided if possible
• Unacclimatised* workers not to work in
this zone
• Use the technical information
sheets ‘Work-rest cycling – sample
schedules’ and ‘Fluid requirements for
working in heat’ to prescribe maximum
exposure time, work/rest cycling and
uid intakes appropriate for type of
work and conditions
Work limited to essential maintenance
or rescue operations
• No person to work alone
• No unacclimatised* person to work
• Documentation required authorising
work in hostile thermal conditions for
specic purpose
• Specic induction required emphasizing
hydration and identifying signs of
heat strain
• Apply 20 minutes of work – 40 minutes
rest schedule
• Required uid intake exceeds 600 ML
per 30 minutes
• Personal water bottle (2 litre capacity)
must be on the job at all times
• Mandatory dehydration testing at
end of shift
*Unacclimatized workers are dened as new workers who have been o work for more than 14 days due to illness or leave
(outside the tropics).
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THERMAL WORK LIMIT T WL CON'T
ENSEMBLE
IClo
VPF
Men’s business suit: Long sleeve shirt/
tweed suit jacket & long, loose trousers
Short sleeve shirt/denim shorts
Work Clothes: Short sleeve shirt/long
trousers (denim)
Work Clothes & Coveralls
1.13
0.41
0.50
0.96
0.37
0.43
0.40
0.39
Lying down
POSITION
VALUE
0.00
1.00
Standing up
Figure 3: (left/above) Typical values for IClo, VPF, and
POS. Typical value for Area of a man is 1.7. Sources:
“Heat and Moisture Transfer Through Clothing” (http://
www.ibpsa.org/proceedings/BS2009/BS09_1360_1366.
pdf), and “A Comprehensive Database for Estimating
Clothing Insulation,” Institute for Environmental
Research, Kansas State University; Elizabeth McCullough
and Byron James.
VANE MOUNT
Assembling the Vane Mount
The Vane Mount was designed for extreme light weight and
portability, and assembles in seconds. The Portable Vane Mount
contains four components: a zippered carry pouch, a cup bracket with
incorporated level, a boom and a ight.
Step 1
Step 2
Assemble the boom. Unfold the
two pieces and stretch the bungee
gently, then slide the two pieces
together (like a tent pole).
Attach the ight to the at
end of the boom. Grasp the silver
bungee end AND the transparent
bungee washer, then pull the bungee
out about 1/2 an inch. Drop the
bungee into the slot in the center of
the ight while slipping the boom
end into the opening in the center
of the ight.
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
The assembled ight and boom looks like this.
Attach the boom to the cup bracket.
Locate the arrow on the inside of the cup bracket base.
Insert the boom end in the direction of the arrow, all
the way through the base of the vane mount. Grasp the
silver bungee end AND the transparent bungee washer,
then pull the boom back, stretching the bungee. Drop the
bungee into the slot and slip the boom end into the
opening near the compass. Gently rotate the boom
until the angled end “seats” into the base of the opening.
Attach the Vane Mount to your
tripod and level your tripod. Spin
the Vane Mount knob onto the 1/4-20
mount on your tripod. Slip your Kestrel
into the Vane Mount with the display
facing the bubble level and the back side
of the Kestrel facing the ight and boom.
Adjust the ight so it is vertical. Observing
the level on the Vane Mount, carefully adjust
your tripod so the Vane Mount is level and
rotates freely and evenly.
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Page 6
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Thermal Work Limit (TWL)
Like WBGT, TWL uses environmental measurements, including thermal
radiation, to predict work limits for people exposed to heat stress.
Dierent attributes of clothing (such as its ability to insulate and allow
water vapor to pass through it) are also used to calculate TWL.
Acclimatization (Acclimatize)
Dened as the process of gradually adjusting to a change
in environment (such as a change in temperature, humidity,
etc). During TWL mode “Acclim” will ash when the value
being displayed falls within the acclimation zone. For
example, people who have not worked in such conditions should not be left alone until they have acclimated,
a process requiring at least several days.
Black Globe
Typically a 6” copper sphere colored matte black with a
thermometer in the center. This thermometer reads the
surface temperature of the Black Globe, which indicates the
radiant heat exposure of one in sunlight. The Kestrel 4400
Heat Stress Tracker uses a 1” Black Globe which is calibrated
to achieve the same measurements as a 6” globe.
GLOSSARY CO N'T
Mean Radiant Temperature is primarily used to dene the comfort
of an individual in a dened, closed space (four walls and a ceiling). It
is regarded as the most important measurement governing indoors
comfort.
Naturally Aspirated Wet Bulb Temperature
The Kestrel 4400 Heat Stress Tracker’s Naturally Aspirated Wet Bulb
Temperature function accounts for the eects of humidity on the
human body. By combining relative humidity and wind speed, the
temperature displayed is indicative of the evaporative cooling happening to the Kestrel 4400.
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT)
The WBGT is a composite measurement of Naturally Aspirated Wet
Bulb, Globe Temperature & Dry Bulb Temperature. This environment
data combines temperature, humidity, wind speed and thermal
radiation to access heat stress.
Outdoor WBGT
Indoor WBGT
58 . 5
WET BULB
F
= 0.7 T + 0.2 T + 0.1 T
NWB
G
D
= 0.7 T + 0.3 T
NWB
G
Globe Temperature
The Black Globe on the Kestrel 4400 Heat Stress Tracker is representative of the amount of heat-absorption via the color black. Typically,
Globe Temperature is taken using a 6” diameter copper globe painted
black with an internal thermometer. However, the Kestrel 4400 Heat
Stress Tracker uses a 1” copper globe painted black for its calculations.
Globe Temperature is representative of the temperature of the Black
Globe itself without accounting for air temperature.
Black Globe temperature will uctuate between, but always remain
near, air temperature and Mean Radiant Temperature. This variability
is due to wind speed. The faster the air moves over the globe thermometer, the closer Globe Temperature approaches air temperature.
Inversely if there is zero movement of air, Globe Temperature equals
Mean Radiant Temperature.
Mean Radiant Temperature
Much like Globe Temperature, the Kestrel 4400 Heat Stress Tracker
denes Mean Radiant Temperature as the eects of the environment
on the Black Globe. However, Mean Radiant Temperature accounts for
the dry air temperature and surface temperature of the Black Globe,
whereas Globe Temperature is concentrated on temperature of the
Black Globe itself.
GLOBE TEMP
F
75 . 2
MRT
F
72 . 6
GLOSSARY
DATA LOGGING AND MIN/ MAX/AVERAGE
When Autostore is on and the unit is o, the heat stress measurements
will not be stored because they use calculations that cannot be performed
without power. When reviewing data in the graphical display, the symbol
“–“ will appear at the top of the display for any points not logged due to
the above condition.
In wind-related measurements, a timer will appear at the bottom of
the screen after starting the MMA feature – this timer displays the
elapsed time. Additionally, for each minute this feature is running a
data set will be stored in memory reecting the instantaneous conditions at that time. This will happen regardless of memory settings.
For additional information on memory options and logging
data, please refer to the main Kestrel 4000 series manual.
T = Naturally Aspirated Wet Bulb Temperature
NWB
Where =
T = Globe Temperature
G
T = Dry Bulb Temperature
D
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Page 7
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Batteries
Kestrel Pocket Weather Trackers require 2 AAA batteries.
Average battery life is 300 hours based on typical use.
For the Kestrel 4500, it is important to re-insert the shim along with the
new batteries then recalibrate the digital compass to ensure
correct wind direction readings.
When using the Kestrel meter in extremely cold weather, it is
recommended to use lithium batteries for optimal performance.
Maintenance & Storage
To avoid scratching the window, store the Kestrel Tracker in
the soft pouch and/or use the Kestrel lens cleaning kit.
Software
To download the Kestrel Communicator software, visit:
www.nkhome.com/kestrel-software.
Calibrations, Certications & Service
Every NK product is tested and calibrated before it
leaves our factory. We warrant that it will perform within
specications when you receive it. The unit may be returned
to NK for factory calibration, or you can contact NK for eld
calibration instructions (RH Calibration Kits are available on
our website).
Each Kestrel Meter comes with a Certicate of Conformity,
stating the specications for that product.
If you are concerned your Kestrel is not performing within
specications upon receipt, please contact us and we will
review your concerns. If necessary, we will test or recalibrate
any unit within 30 days of purchase.
Beyond 30 days, we oer reasonably-priced tests, calibration
services, NIST-traceable calibrations, and full Kestrel Meter
tune-ups.
We oer full factory service on every product we manufacture for as long as we make the product (and as long after
as component availability permits). If we cannot repair a
product, we will oer you a replacement under our Loyalty
Discount (even for accidental damage and misuse).
Please contact NK if you feel your product is not working
properly. We can often solve product issues by phone or
e-mail, saving you the time and expense of returning the
unit. If we require the product to be returned, you can
obtain a Return Authorization to expedite the handling of
your return.
Made in the USA
Your Kestrel Pocket Weather Meter was
designed, developed and built in the USA by
Nielsen-Kellerman Co. of US and imported
components. We are a lean manufacturing
enterprise committed to continuous improvement
of our products, processes, people and partners.
We strive to conduct our business in a sustainable
manner and minimize harm to the environment
by actively implementing company-wide plans to
conserve energy, reduce waste, and recycle.
MAINTEN ANCE & SERVIC ES
5YEAR LI MITED PRODU CT WARRANTY
Your Kestrel Pocket Weather Meter is warrantied to be free of defects in materials and workmanship for a period
of FIVE YEARS from the date of its rst consumer purchase. NK will repair or replace any defective meter or part
when notied within the warranty period, and will return the meter via domestic ground shipping or NK’s choice
of method of international shipping at no charge. The following are excluded from warranty coverage: damage
due to improper use or neglect (including corrosion); damage caused by severe or excessive impact, crushing
or mechanical harm; modications or attempted repairs by someone other than an authorized NK repair agent;
impeller failure not caused by a manufacturing defect; normal usage wear; failed batteries; and accuracy issues
resolvable by recalibration. If no warranty registration or proof of purchase is provided, the warranty period will be
measured from the meter’s date of manufacture.
Except for the warranties set forth herein, NK disclaims all other warranties, expressed, implied or
statutory, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or tness for a particular
purpose. Any implied warranties that may be imposed by applicable law are limited to the term of this
warranty. In no event shall NK be liable for any incidental, special or consequential damages, including,
but not limited to, loss of business, loss of prots, loss of data or use, whether in an action in contract
or tort or based on a warranty, arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of an NK
product, even if NK has been advised of the possibility of such damages. You agree that repair, and (upon
availability) replacement, as applicable, is your sole and exclusive remedy with respect to any breach of
the NK Limited Warranty set forth herein.
All product liability and warranty options are governed exclusively by the laws of the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
WARRANTY CERTIFICATE
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device
may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must
accept any interference received, including interference that
may cause undesired operation.
Shop for Kestrel products online at:
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www.Weathe rMete rs-Dir ect.com
Page 8
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Please register your Kestrel Meter at www.nkhome.com
NOTES:
NOTES:
Shop for Kestrel products online at:
1.877.766.5412
www.Weathe rMete rs-Dir ect.com
Page 9
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Kestrel® Pocket Weather® Meters are
designed and manufactured in the USA
NIELSEN-KELLERMAN
21 Creek Circle, Boothwyn, PA 19061
Phone: (610) 447-1555
Fax: (610) 447-1577
Web: NKhome.com
Email: info@NKhome.com
By
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www.WeatherMeters-Direct.com
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