The Models 2015-P and 2016-P Audio Analyzing
Digital Multimeters and the Models 2015 and 2016
Total Harmonic Distortion Multimeters combine
audio band quality measurements and analysis with
a full-function 6
1
⁄2-digit DMM. Test engineers can
make a broad range of voltage, resistance, current,
frequency, and distortion measurements, all with
the same compact, half-rack measurement instrument. The Model 2016 and 2016-P have twice the
sine wave generator output of the Model 2015 for
applications that require test signals greater than
8Vrms. The Model 2015-P and 2016-P offer additional processing capacity for frequency spectrum
analysis.
Frequency Domain Distortion Analysis
For applications such as assessing non-linear distortion in components, devices, and systems, DSPbased processing allows the Models 2015-P, 2015,
2016, and 2016-P to provide frequency domain
analysis in conventional time domain instruments.
They can measure Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) over the complete 20Hz to 20kHz audio band.
They also measure over a wide input range (up to 750Vrms) and have low residual distortion
(–87dB). The THD reading can be expressed either in decibels or as a percentage.
In addition to THD, the Models 2015, 2015-P, 2016, and 2016-P can compute THD+Noise and Signalto-Noise plus Distortion (SINAD). For analyses in which the individual harmonics are the criteria of
greatest interest, the instruments can report any of the (up to 64) harmonic magnitudes that can be
included in the distortion measurements. The user can program the actual number of harmonics to
be included in a computation, so accuracy, speed, and complexity can be optimized for a specific
application. (See Figure 1.)
Figure 1. Frequency Spectrum of 1kHz Square Wave
Audio analyzing and total harmonic distortion DMMs
APPLICATIONS
Wireless communication device
•
audio quality testing
• Component linearity testing
Lighting and ballast TH
•
conformance testing
• Telephone and automotive
speaker testing
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D limit
(U.S. only)
Figure 1 shows a plot of a square wave’s harmonics (frequency components) computed and
transmitted to a personal computer by the Model 2015 or 2016. A square wave’s spectral content
consists of only odd harmonics whose magnitudes are (1/harmonic number × the magnitude of
the fundamental). For example, the magnitude of the third harmonic is 1⁄3the magnitude of the
fundamental.
A GR
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LTIMETERS & SYSTEMS
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Device Under Test
I
nput
Transducer
Model 2015, 2015-P, 2016, or 2016-P
Signal
Input
Source
Output
2
015 MULTIMETER
Output
Transducer
–100
–
90
–80
–70
–
60
–50
–
40
–30
–20
–10
0
1
00100010000
Frequency (Hz)
Relative
O
utput
Level
(dB)
THD:
Levels relative to fundamental:
2nd harmonic
3r
d harmonic
4th harmonic
–20
–15
–10
–5
0
5
10
100100010000
Frequency (Hz)
Relative
Output
(dB)
2015, 2015-P,6
2016, 2016-P6
1
⁄2-Digit THD Multimeters
1
⁄2-Digit Audio Analyzing Multimeters
Figure 2. Total Harmonic Distortion
Analysis and Frequency
Response of a Portable Wireless
Telecommunication Device
Figures 2, 3, and 4 demonstrate how the
Model 2015, 2015-P, 2016, or 2016-P can provide both time domain and frequency domain
measurements in a single test protocol.
shows a sample test system schematic with
2
a telecommunication device in a loop back
mode test. The Audio Analyzing DMM’s source
provides a stimulus frequency sweep, and the
Audio Analyzing DMM measures the response
Audio analyzing and total harmonic distortion DMMs
from the microphone circuit.
Figure 3 shows
the resulting frequency domain analysis of the
THD and the first three harmonics as a function of frequency. Figure 4 shows the time
domain analysis of microphone circuit output
voltage as a function of frequency.
Figure 3. THD and 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Harmonics as a Function of Frequency
Figure 4. Frequency Response
Figure
Ordering Information
2015Total Harmonic
2015-P Audio Analyzing DMM
16Total Harmonic
0
2
2016-P Audio Analyzing DMM
hese products are available
T
with an Extended Warranty.
DIGITAL MULTIMETERS & SYSTEMS
Accessories Supplied
Model 1751 Safety T
User Manual, Service Manual.
1.888.KEITHLEY
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tion 6
Distor
Multimeter
Distortion 6
DMM w/9V Source
Output
w/9V Source Output
1
it
⁄2-Dig
1
⁄2-Digit
est Leads,
(U.S. only)
Optimized for Production Testing
The Models 2015, 2015-P, 2016, and 2016-P can perform fast frequency sweeps for characterizing
audio-band circuitr
y in production test systems. F
or example, the instr
sweep of 30 frequencies and transmit both rms voltage readings and THD
only 1.1 seconds. W
ith that data, a complete frequency response analysis and a harmonic distortion
uments can execute a single
readings to a computer in
vs. frequency analysis can be performed in a very short time. Thus high speed testing of the audio
performance of a high volume device such as a cellular telephone can be performed without reducing the number of tests or reducing the measurements in each test. With these instruments, which
are optimized for production testing, test engineers can lower test times, in comparison to test
speeds achievable with general purpose audio analyzers, without sacrificing production test quality.
Dual Output Source
The Models 2015, 2015-P
, 2016, and 2016-P include an internal audio band sine wave source for generating stimulus signals. A second output, the inverse of the first output, is also available, simplifying
the testing of differential input circuits for common mode or noise cancellation performance.
A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE
2015, 2015-P,
CCIR Weighting Filter
–60
–50
–40
–30
–20
–10
0
10
20
10100100010000100000
Frequency (Hz)
Gain (dB)
CCITT Weighting Filter
–70
–60
–50
–
40
–30
–20
–10
0
10
10100100010000
Frequency (Hz)
G
ain (dB)
CCIR/ARM
–60
–50
–40
–
30
–20
–10
0
10
20
10100100010000100000
Frequency (Hz)
Gain (dB)
C
–Message Weighting Filter
–60
–50
–40
–30
–20
–10
0
10
20
10100100010000
Frequency (Hz)
Gain (dB)
A Weighting Filter
–60
–50
–40
–30
–
20
–10
0
10
20
10100100010000100000
Frequency (Hz)
G
ain (dB)
61⁄2-Digit THD Multimeters
2016, 2016-P
Figure 5a.
Figure 5b.
61⁄2-Digit Audio Analyzing Multimeters
Figure 5d.
Figure 5e.
Figure 5c.
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The Models 2015 and 2015-P have a 4Vrms single-ended output and 8Vrms
differential source output. For tests that require a higher stimulus signal,
the Model 2016 and 2016-P provide a 9.5Vrms single-ended output and a
19Vrms differential output.
ide Selection of Audio Filt
W
ers
Five industry-standard bandpass filters are provided for shaping the input
signal for audio and telecommunication applications. A
vailable filters
include the CCITT weighting filter, CCIR filter, C-message filter, CCIR/ARM
filter, and “A” weighting filter (see
, 2016, and 2016-P
2015-P
low cutoff (high pass) fi
lters. F
together to form a bandpass fi
Figures 5a–5e). The Models 2015,
provide programmable, high cutoff (low pass) and
urthermore, the two filters can be implemented
lter. The programmable filters can be used to
filter out noise generated by electromechanical machinery on the production
floor or to simulate other types of system transmission characteristics.
Broad Measurement Flexibility
In addition to their THD, THD+Noise, SINAD, and individual harmonic
measurement capabilities, the instruments provide a comprehensive set of
DMM functions, including DCV
frequency
, period, dB, dBm, and continuity measurements, as well as
, A
Ω, 4WΩ, temperature,
, DCI, ACI, 2W
CV
diode testing. This multi-functional design minimizes added equipment
costs when configuring test setups.
TER M
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Audio analyzing and total harmonic distortion DMMs
LTIMETERS & SYSTEMS
U
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2015, 2015-P,
Frequency Spectrum
Magnitude (dBV)
–20
–40
–60
–80
–100
–120
1.0kHz1.1kHz1.2kHz1.3kHz1.4kHz
Frequency
B
etween 1.0kHz and 1.4kHz
Maximum
2nd peak
3rd peak
4th peak
Maximum right of 4th peak
Maximum left of 4th peak
61⁄2-Digit THD Multimeters
2016, 2016-P
Wide Band or Narrow Band Noise
Measurements
T
he Models 2015, 2015-P, 2016, and 2016-P are
capable of measuring both wide band noise and
narrow band noise. Alternatively, these instruments’ DSP (digital signal processing) capabilities allow users to make frequency domain
measurements of RMS voltage noise over the
20Hz–20kHz frequency audio band or a narrow
portion of the band. Furthermore, noise measurements can be extracted in the presence
of a stimulus signal for fast signal-to-noise
computations.
Spectrum Analysis
The Model 2015-P and 2016-P have internal
computational capabilities that allow them to
characterize an acquired signal spectrum. These
instruments can identify and report the frequency and amplitude of the highest value in a complete spectrum or within a specified frequency
band. It can also identify additional peaks in
descending order of magnitude (see
The Model 2015-P’s and 2016-P’s on-board capabilities make it simple to obtain a thorough
analysis of a frequency spectrum more quickly
and with little or no need for external analysis
software.
Audio analyzing and total harmonic distortion DMMs
Figure 6).
61⁄2-Digit Audio Analyzing Multimeters
Figure 6. The Model 2015-P and 2016-P directly identify peak values of the frequency spectrum.
4288-1Single Fixed Rack Mount Kit
4288-2Dual Fixed Rack Mount Kit
OTHER
KPCI-488IEEE-488 Interface/Controller for the PCI Bus
KUSB-488IEEE-488.2 USB-to-GPIB Interface Adapter
TestPointTest Development Software
1050Padded Carrying Case
2015-EW1 Year Warranty Extension
2015-P-EW1 Year Warranty Extension
2016-EW1 Year Warranty Extension
2016-P-EW1 Year Warranty Extension
Rear panel of all models
(U.S. only)
1.888.KEITHLEY
DIGITAL MULTIMETERS & SYSTEMS
www.keithley.com
A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE
2015, 2015-P,
61⁄2-Digit THD Multimeters
2016, 2016-P
ISTORTION CHARACTERISTICS
D
VOLTAGE RANGE: 100mV, 1V, 10V, 100V, 750V (user selectable).
INPUT IMPEDANCE: 1MΩ paralleled by <100pF.
DISPLAY RANGE: 0–100% or 0–100.00dB.
RESOLUTION: 0.0001% or 0.00001dB.
FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY RANGE: 20Hz–20kHz.
ARMONIC FREQUENCY RANGE:40Hz–50kHz.
H
FREQUENCY RESOLUTION: 0.008Hz.
REQUENCY ACCURACY:±0.01% of reading.
F
REQUENCY TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT:<100ppm over operating temperature range.
NUMBER OF HARMONICS INCLUDED IN THD CALCULATION: 2 to 64 (user selectable).
HI AND LO CUTOFF FILTERS (bus settable): 20Hz–50kHz. Can be combined to form brick-
wall bandpass filter.
DISTORTION MEASUREMENT READING RATE
FUNDAMENTALMINIMUM
FREQUENCYFUNDAMENTALREADINGS
ACQUISITIONFREQUENCYPER
MODERANGESECOND
Single acquisition20 Hz to 100 Hz14
or stored value100 Hz to 1 kHz24
Automatic20 Hz to 30 Hz5.5
FREQUENCY SWEEP READING RA
NUMBER OF FREQUENCIESTIME (seconds)
5
301.1
1003.5
200
kHz to 20
1
30 Hz to 400 Hz
400 Hz to 20 kHz6.6
TE
3
kHz28
6
4
0.2
6.9
ENERATOR CHARACTERISTICS
G
FREQUENCY RANGE: 10–20kHz.
FREQUENCY RESOLUTION: 0.007Hz.
FREQUENCY ACCURACY: ±(0.015% of reading + 0.007Hz)1.
FREQUENCY TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT: <100ppm over operating temperature range.
SOURCE OUTPUT:
AVEFORM:Sinewave.
W
AMPLITUDE RANGE:2015, 2015-P: 2V rms (50Ω and 600Ω) or 4V rms (HI Z).
1
AMPLITUDE RESOLUTION: 2015, 2015-P: 0.5mV rms (50Ω and 600Ω) or 1mV rms (HI Z).
MPLITUDE ACCURACY: 2015, 2015-P:±(0.3% of setting + 2mV)
A
AMPLITUDE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT: Typically 0.015%/°C.
AMPLITUDE FLATNESS: ±0.1dB
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE: 50Ω ±1Ω or 600Ω ±10Ω, user selectable.
T
NOISE:2
DC OFFSET VOLTAGE: 2015, 2015-P: ±1.2mV1. 2016, 2016-P: ±3mV1.
HD:–64dB
6
.
INV/PULSE OUTPUT (SINEW
FREQUENCY: Same as source output.
AMPLITUDE RANGE:2015, 2015-P: 2V rms (50Ω and 600Ω) or 4V rms (HI Z).
AMPLITUDE RESOLUTION: 2015, 2015-P: 0.5mV (50Ω and 600Ω) or 1mV rms (HI Z).
AMPLITUDE ACCURACY: 2015, 2015-P: ±(2.0% of setting + 2mV)
AMPLITUDE FLATNESS: ±0.1dB
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE: Same as Source Output setting.
THD: –64dB6.
NOISE:2015, 2015-P: 100µV rms2.
DC OFFSET VOLTAGE:2015, 2015-P: ±1.1mV typ., ±13mV max.
2016, 2016-P: 4.75V rms (50Ω and 600Ω) or 9.5V rms (HI Z).
016, 2016-P:1.25mV rms (50
2
016, 2016-P:±(0.3% of setting + 5mV)
2
1
, 4, 5
.
015, 2015-P:
016, 2016-P:250µV rms
2
100µV rms2.
nd 600Ω)or 2.5mV rms (HI Z).
Ω a
1, 4
.
1, 4
.
2
.
AVE MODE):
2016, 2016-P: 4.75V rms (50Ω and 600Ω) or 9.5V rms (HI Z).
2016, 2016-P: 1.25mV rms (50Ω and 600Ω) or 2.5mV rms (HI Z).
2016, 2016-P: ±(2.0% of setting + 5mV)
1, 4, 5
.
2016, 2016-P: 250µV rms2.
2016, 2016-P: ±3mV typ., ±13mV max.
1, 4
.
1, 4
.
1
1
Model 2015, 2015-P, 2016, 2016-P specifications
INV/PULSE OUTPUT (PULSE MODE):
FREQUENCY: Same as source output.
DUTY CYCLE: 45% ±3%.
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE: Same output impedance as the source output.
AMPLITUDE: 0.0V ±
OVERSHOOT:1.0V
UNDERSHOOT:1.1V maximum
0.07V to 4.9V ±0.12V pulse open circuit
0.0V ±0.05V to 3.3V ±0.08V pulse 100
maximum pulse open circuit
0.2V maximum with 100
pulse open circuit
0.45V maximum with 100
3
.
Ω load pulse open circuit3.
3
.
Ω load pulse open circuit3.
Ω load
1, 3
.
1, 3
.
NOTES
1. Input signal at full scale.
2. V
>20% of range and harmonics > –65dB.
IN
3. Speeds are for default operating conditions (*RST), and display off, auto range off, binary data transfer,
trig delay = 0.
4. Typical times: frequencies in 400–4kHz range, binary data transfer, TRIG DELAY = 0, Display OFF, Auto Range
OFF. Data returned is THDmeasurement plus AC voltage.
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NOTES
1. 1 year, 23°C ±5°C.
Measured at V
2.
HI Z output impedance, and no load.
3.
With HI Z output impedance and 1m 50
Z output impedance, no load.
HI
4.
output.
4V
5.
6. THD measurement includes harmonics 2 through 5, 1V rms output, HI Z, no load.
TER M
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= 0V with gain 100 amplifi
OUT
EASU
er and 2-pole 50kHz low pass filter, Inv/Pulse in sinewave mode,
Ω coaxial cable.
RE OF CONFIDENCE
LTIMETERS & SYSTEMS
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2015, 2015-P,
61⁄2-Digit THD Multimeters
2016, 2016-P
C VOLTAGE
D
ANGERESOLUTION90 Day1 YearRESISTANCE
R
00.0000 mV0.1 µV40 + 3550 + 35> 10 G
1
.000000 V1.0 µV25 + 7 30 + 7> 10 G
1
10.00000 V10 µV20 + 5 30 + 5> 10 GΩ
100.0000 V100 µV30 + 6 45 + 610 MΩ ±1%
1000.000 V1 mV35 + 6 45 + 610 M
ACCURACY 23°C ± 5°C
(ppm of rdg. + ppm of range)INPUT
±
61⁄2-Digit Audio Analyzing Multimeters
RESISTANCE
ACCURACY 23°C ± 5°C
ANGERESOLUTION90 Day1 YearCURRENT
R
00.0000
1
Ω1
.000000 k
1
Ω1mΩ8
0.00000 k
1
Ω10mΩ8
100.0000 k
Ω100mΩ80 + 10100 + 1010 µA
.000000 M
1
Ω1 Ω8
0.00000 M
1
Ω10Ω4
00.0000 M
1
Ω100Ω2
00 µ
±(ppm of rdg. + ppm of range)TEST
Ω8
0 + 40100 + 401 mA
0 + 10100 + 101 mA
0 + 10100 + 10100 µA
1. Specifications are for squarewave inputs only. Input signals must be >10% of ACV range. If input is <20mV on the
100mV range, then the frequency must be >10Hz.
2. 20% overrange on all ranges except 750V range.
3. 0.01% of step settling error. Trigger delay = 400ms.
4. Trigger delay = 0.
TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS
THERMOCOUPLEACCURACY
TYPERANGERESOLUTIONRelative to Reference Junction
J–200 to + 760°C0.001°C±0.5°C
K–200 to +1372°C0.001°C±0.5°C
T–200 to + 400°C0.001°C±0.5°C
90 Day/1 Year (23°C ±5°C)
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
:
POWER SUPPL
LINE FREQUENCY:50Hz to 60Hz and 400Hz, automatically sensed at power
POWER CONSUMPTION: 40VA.
OPERATING ENVIRONMENT: Specified for 0°C to 50°C. Specified to 80% R.H. at 35°C and at an
altitude of up to 2000m.
STORAGE ENVIRONMENT: –40°C to 70°C.
WARRANTY: 3 years.
SAFETY: Conforms with European Union Directive 73/23/EEC, EN 610110-1.
EMC: Conforms with European Union Directive 89/336/EEC, EN 61326-1.
WARMUP: 1 hour to rated accuracy.
DIMENSIONS: Rack Mounting: 89mm high × 213mm wide × 370mm deep (31⁄2 in × 83⁄8 in ×
149⁄16 in).
Bench Configuration (with handle and feet): 104mm high × 238mm wide × 370mm deep
(4
NET WEIGHT: 4kg (8.8 lbs).
SHIPPING WEIGHT:5kg (11 lbs).
VOL
ACCESSORIES SUPPLIED: Model 1751 Safety Test Leads, User Manual.
Y
100V/120V/220V/240V
1
⁄8 in × 93⁄8 in × 149⁄16 in).
T HERTZ PRODUCT:≤8
.
-up.
× 107V·Hz.
1.888.KEITHLEY
DIGITAL MULTIMETERS & SYSTEMS
www.keithley.com
(U.S. only)
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