Keithley Instruments 2001 Calibration Manual

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Model 2001 Multimeter

Calibration Manual

A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE

Model 2001 Multimeter

Calibration Manual

Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

Seventh Printing May 2004

Document Number: 2001-905-01 Rev. G

WARRANTY

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 3 years from date of shipment.

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.

During the warranty period, we will, at our option, either repair or replace any product that proves to be defective.

To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley representative, or contact Keithley headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio. You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, transportation prepaid, to the indicated service facility. Repairs will be made and the product returned, transportation prepaid. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty period, or at least 90 days.

LIMITATION OF WARRANTY

This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley’s express written consent, or misuse of any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software, non-rechargeable batteries, damage from battery leakage, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow instructions.

THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.

NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF ITS INSTRUMENTS AND SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., HAS BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SUCH EXCLUDED DAMAGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: COSTS OF REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION, LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY PERSON, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.

A G R E A T E R M E A S U R E O F C O N F I D E N C E

Keithley Instruments, Inc.

Corporate Headquarters • 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: 440-248-6168 • 1-888-KEITHLEY (534-8453) • www.keithley.com

Belgium: Sint-Pieters-Leeuw • 02-363 00 40 • Fax: 02-363 00 64 • www.keithley.nl Italy: Milano • 02-48 39 16 01 • Fax: 02- 48 39 16 28 • www.keithley.it China: Beijing • 8610-82251886 • Fax: 8610-82251892 • www.keithley.com.cn Japan: Tokyo • 81-3-5733-7555 • Fax: 81-3-5733-7556 • www.keithley.jp Finland: Helsinki • 09-5306-6560 • Fax: 09-5306-6565 • www.keithley.com Korea: Seoul • 82-2-574-7778 • Fax: 82-2-574-7838 • www.keithley.com France: Saint-Aubin • 01-64 53 20 20 • Fax: 01-60 11 77 26 • www.keithley.fr Netherlands: Gorinchem • 0183-635333 • Fax: 0183-630821 • www.keithley.nl Germany: Germering • 089/84 93 07-40 • Fax: 089/84 93 07-34 • www.keithley.de Singapore: Singapore • 65-6747-9077 • Fax: 65-6747-2991 • www.keithley.com Great Britain: Theale • 0118 929 7500 • Fax: 0118 929 7519 • www.keithley.co.uk Sweden: Solna • 08-509 04 600 • Fax: 08-655 26 10 • www.keithley.com India: Bangalore • 91-80 2212 8027 • Fax: 91-80 2212 8005 • www.keithley.com Tai wa n : Hsinchu • 886-3-572-9077 • Fax: 886-3-572-9031 • www.keithley.com.tw

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Manual Print History

The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created for this manual. The Revision Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent updates. Addenda, which are released between Revisions, contain important change information that the user should incorporate immediately into the manual. Addenda are numbered sequentially. When a new Revision is created, all Addenda associated with the previous Revision of the manual are incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revision includes a revised copy of this print history page.

Revision A (Document Number 2001-905-01) ....................................................................................... April 1992

Revision B (Document Number 2001-905-01) ........................................................................................ June 1992

Revision C (Document Number 2001-905-01) ........................................................................................ May 1993

Addendum C (Document Number 2001-905-02)..................................................................................... June 1993

Addendum C (Document Number 2001-905-03)............................................................................November 1993

Addendum C (Document Number 2001-905-04)................................................................................ January 1995

Revision D (Document Number 2001-905-01) .................................................................................... August 1995

Revision E (Document Number 2001-905-01) ........................................................................................ April 1996

Revision F (Document Number 2001-905-01)................................................................................November 2003

Revision G (Document Number 2001-905-01) ........................................................................................ May 2004

All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc. Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

Safety Precautions

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the product. Refer to the manual for complete product specifications.

If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the product may be impaired.

The types of product users are: Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use

and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.

Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the manual. The procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform safe installations and repairs of products. Only properly trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.

Keithley products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rated Measurement Category I and Measurement Category II, as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 60664. Most measurement, control, and data I/O signals are Measurement Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient overvoltages. Measurement Category II connections require protection for high transient over-voltages often associated with local AC mains connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data I/O connections are for connection to Category I sources unless otherwise marked or described in the Manual.

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS,

42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to ex-

pect that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 volts, no conductive part of

the circuit may be exposed.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.

When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input power disconnect device must be provided, in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.

The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions or the safety of the equipment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and operating information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.

Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections.

If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use of a lid interlock.

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If a screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation.

The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual.

The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or measure 1000 volts or more, including the combined effect of normal and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.

The symbol indicates a connection terminal to the equipment frame.

The WA RN ING heading in a manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CAUTION heading in a manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.

Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans. Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and

all test cables.

To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits, including the power transformer, test leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses, with applicable national safety approvals, may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments office for information.

To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.

1 Performance Verification

1.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................................................1-1

1.2 Environmental conditions .................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.3 Warm-up period ...................................................................................................................................................1-1

1.4 Line power ...........................................................................................................................................................1-1

1.5 Recommended test equipment .............................................................................................................................1-2

1.6 Verification limits ................................................................................................................................................1-2

1.7 Restoring default conditions ................................................................................................................................1-2

1.8 Verification procedures........................................................................................................................................1-4

1.8.1 DC volts verification.................................................................................................................................... 1-4

1.8.2 AC volts verification.................................................................................................................................... 1-5

1.8.3 DC current verification ..............................................................................................................................1-10

1.8.4 AC current verification ..............................................................................................................................1-11

1.8.5 Resistance verification ...............................................................................................................................1-13

1.8.6 Frequency accuracy verification................................................................................................................1-16

1.8.7 Temperature reading checks ...................................................................................................................... 1-17

2Calibration

2.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................................................2-1

2.2 Environmental conditions .................................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.3 Warm-up period ...................................................................................................................................................2-2

2.4 Line power ...........................................................................................................................................................2-2

2.5 Calibration lock.................................................................................................................................................... 2-2

2.5.1 Comprehensive calibration lock...................................................................................................................2-2

2.5.2 Low-level calibration lock ...........................................................................................................................2-2

2.5.3 IEEE-488 bus calibration lock status ........................................................................................................... 2-2

2.6 IEEE-488 bus calibration commands and program .............................................................................................2-2

2.6.1 Calibration commands .................................................................................................................................2-2

2.6.2 Required order of command execution........................................................................................................2-4

2.6.3 Example calibration command program ......................................................................................................2-4

2.7 Calibration errors ................................................................................................................................................. 2-5

2.7.1 Front panel error message summary.............................................................................................................2-5

2.7.2 IEEE-488 bus error reporting.......................................................................................................................2-6

2.8 Comprehensive calibration...................................................................................................................................2-6

2.8.1 Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration...........................................................................2-6

2.8.2 Front panel comprehensive calibration ........................................................................................................2-6

2.8.3 IEEE-488 bus comprehensive calibration....................................................................................................2-9

2.9 AC self-calibration .............................................................................................................................................2-12

2.9.1 Front panel AC calibration.........................................................................................................................2-12

2.9.2 IEEE-488 bus AC self-calibration..............................................................................................................2-12

2.10 Low-level calibration..........................................................................................................................................2-12

2.10.1 Recommended equipment for low-level calibration ..................................................................................2-13

2.10.2 Low-level calibration summary..................................................................................................................2-13

2.10.3 Front panel low-level calibration procedure...............................................................................................2-15

2.10.4 IEEE-488 bus low-level calibration procedure ..........................................................................................2-18

3 Calibration Command Reference

3.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................3-1

3.2 Command summary..............................................................................................................................................3-1

3.3 :CALibration:PROTected subsystem...................................................................................................................3-3

3.3.1 :LOCK..........................................................................................................................................................3-3

3.3.2 :SWITch?......................................................................................................................................................3-3

3.3.3 :SAVE...........................................................................................................................................................3-4

3.3.4 :DATA?........................................................................................................................................................3-4

3.3.5 :DATE..........................................................................................................................................................3-5

3.3.6 :DATE?.........................................................................................................................................................3-5

3.3.7 :NDUE..........................................................................................................................................................3-5

3.3.8 :NDUE?........................................................................................................................................................3-6

3.3.9 :LLEVel........................................................................................................................................................3-6

3.3.10 :DC ...............................................................................................................................................................3-9

3.4 :CALibration:UNPRotected Subsystem.............................................................................................................3-12

3.4.1 :ACCompensation ......................................................................................................................................3-12

3.5 Bus error reporting .............................................................................................................................................3-13

3.5.1 Calibration error summary .........................................................................................................................3-13

3.5.2 Detecting calibration errors........................................................................................................................3-13

3.6 Detecting calibration step completion................................................................................................................3-13

3.6.1 Using the *OPC? query..............................................................................................................................3-13

3.6.2 Using the *OPC command.........................................................................................................................3-14

Appendices

A Model 2001 Specifications..................................................................................................................................A-1

B Calibration Programs...........................................................................................................................................B-1

C Calibration Messages...........................................................................................................................................C-1

D Alternate Calibration Sources .............................................................................................................................D-1

List of Illustrations

1 Performance Verification

Figure 1-1 Connections for DC volts verification ...................................................................................................... 1-5

Figure 1-2 Connections for AC volts verification (all except 2MHz test).................................................................. 1-6

Figure 1-3 Connections for AC volts verification (2MHz frequency only) ............................................................... 1-7

Figure 1-4 Connections for DC current verification................................................................................................. 1-11

Figure 1-5 Connections for AC current verification................................................................................................. 1-12

Figure 1-6 Connections for resistance verification (20¾-200k¾ ranges)................................................................. 1-14

Figure 1-7 Connections for resistance verification (2M¾ - 200M¾ ranges) ........................................................... 1-15

Figure 1-8 1G¾ resistor test box construction.......................................................................................................... 1-15

Figure 1-9 Connections for frequency accuracy verification.................................................................................... 1-16

2 Calibration

Figure 2-1 Low-thermal short connections................................................................................................................. 2-7

Figure 2-2 Connections for comprehensive calibration.............................................................................................. 2-8

Figure 2-3 Calibration voltage connections.............................................................................................................. 2-16

Figure 2-4 Current calibration connections .............................................................................................................. 2-17

Figure 2-5 Synthesizer connections .......................................................................................................................... 2-18

Appendices

Figure B-1 Low-thermal short connections..................................................................................................................................................... B-3

Figure B-2 Calibration connection for comprehensive calibration............................................................................................................... B-4

Figure B-3 Calibration voltage connections..................................................................................................................................................... B-4

Figure B-4 Calibration current connections..................................................................................................................................................... B-5

Figure B-5 Synthesizer connections.................................................................................................................................................................. B-5

iii

List of Tables

1 Performance Verification

Table 1-1 Recommended equipment for performance verification........................................................................... 1-2

Table 1-2 Limits for DC volts verification................................................................................................................ 1-5

Table 1-3 Limits for normal mode AC voltage verification...................................................................................... 1-8

Table 1-4 Limits for low-frequency mode AC voltage verification.......................................................................... 1-9

Table 1-5 Limits for AC peak voltage verification ................................................................................................. 1-10

Table 1-6 Limits for DC current verification .......................................................................................................... 1-11

Table 1-7 Limits for AC current verification .......................................................................................................... 1-12

Table 1-8 Limits for resistance verification (20¾-200M¾ ranges)......................................................................... 1-13

Table 1-9 Limits for resistance verification (1G¾ range) ....................................................................................... 1-15

Table 1-10 Frequency verification limits .................................................................................................................. 1-16

Table 1-11 Thermocouple temperature reading checks............................................................................................. 1-17

Table 1-12 RTD probe temperature reading checks.................................................................................................. 1-18

2 Calibration

Table 2-1 IEEE-488 bus calibration command summary.......................................................................................... 2-3

Table 2-2 Calibration error messages........................................................................................................................ 2-5

Table 2-3 Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration........................................................................ 2-6

Table 2-4 Front panel comprehensive calibration summary ..................................................................................... 2-6

Table 2-5 IEEE-488 bus comprehensive calibration summary ............................................................................... 2-10

Table 2-6 Recommended equipment for low-level calibration............................................................................... 2-13

Table 2-7 Low-level calibration summary .............................................................................................................. 2-14

3 Calibration Command Reference

Table 3-1 IEEE-488 bus calibration command summary.......................................................................................... 3-2

Table 3-2 Low-level calibration commands.............................................................................................................. 3-6

Table 3-3 Comprehensive calibration commands ..................................................................................................... 3-9

Table 3-4 Calibration error summary ...................................................................................................................... 3-13

Appendices

Table B-1 Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration ....................................................................... B-2

Table B-2 Recommended equipment for low-level calibration................................................................................. B-2

Table C-1 Calibration errors...................................................................................................................................... C-2

Table D-1 Alternate calibration sources .................................................................................................................... D-1

Performance Verification

1.1 Introduction

The procedures in this section are intended to verify that Model 2001 accuracy is within the limits stated in the instrument one-year specifications. These procedures can be performed when the instrument is first received to ensure that no damage or misadjustment has occurred during shipment. Verification may also be performed whenever there is a question of instrument accuracy, or following calibration, if desired.

NOTE

If the instrument is still under warranty, and its performance is outside specified limits, contact your Keithley representative or the factory to determine the correct course of action.

This section includes the following:

1.2 Environmental conditions: Covers the temperature and humidity limits for verification.

1.3 Warm-up period: Describes the length of time the Model 2001 should be allowed to warm up before testing.

1.4 Line power: Covers power line voltage ranges during testing.

1.5 Recommended equipment: Summarizes recommended equipment and pertinent specifications.

1.6 Verification limits: Explains how reading limits were calculated.

1.7 Restoring factory default conditions: Gives step-bystep procedures for restoring default conditions before each test procedure.

1.8 Verification procedures: Details procedures to verify measurement accuracy of all Model 2001 measurement functions.

1.2 Environmental conditions

Verification measurements should be made at an ambient temperature of 18-28°C (65-82°F), and at a relative humidity of less than 80% unless otherwise noted.

1.3 Warm-up period

The Model 2001 must be allowed to warm up for at least one hour before performing the verification procedures. If the instrument has been subjected to temperature extremes (outside the range stated in paragraph 1.2), allow additional time for internal temperatures to stabilize. Typically, it takes one additional hour to stabilize a unit that is 10°C (18°F) outside the specified temperature range.

The calibration equipment should also be allowed to warm up for the minimum period specified by the manufacturer.

1-1

Performance Verification

1.4 Line power

The Model 2001 should be tested while operating from a line voltage in the range of 90-134V or 180-250V at a frequency of 50, 60, or 400Hz.

1.5 Recommended test equipment

Table 1-1 lists all test equipment required for verification. Alternate equipment may be used as long as that equipment has specifications at least as good as those listed in the table. See Appendix D for a list of alternate calibration sources.

1.6 Verification limits

The verification limits stated in this section have been calculated using only Model 2001 one year specifications, and they do not include test equipment tolerance. If a particular measurement falls slightly outside the allowed range, recalculate new limits based both on Model 2001 specifications and pertinent calibration equipment specifications.

1.7 Restoring default conditions

Before performing each performance verification procedure, restore instrument bench default conditions as follows:

1. From the normal display mode, press the MENU key. The instrument will display the following:

MAIN MENU

SAVESETUP GPIB CALIBRATION

2. Select SAVESETUP, and press ENTER. The following will be displayed:

SETUP MENU

SAVE RESTORE POWERON RESET

3. Select RESET, and press ENTER. The display will then appear as follows:

RESET ORIGINAL DFLTS

BENCH GPIB

4. Select BENCH, then press ENTER. The following will be displayed:

RESETTING INSTRUMENT

ENTER to confirm; EXIT to abort

5. Press ENTER again to confirm instrument reset.

Table 1-1

Recommended equipment for performance verification

Mfg. Model Description Specifications*

Fluke 5700A Calibrator ±5ppm basic uncertainty.

DC voltage:

190mV: ±11ppm

1.9V: ±5ppm 19V: ±5ppm 190V: ±7ppm 1000V: ±9ppm

AC voltage, 10Hz-1MHz (40Hz-20kHz specifications):

190mV: ±150ppm

1.9V: ±78ppm 19V: ±78ppm 190V: ±85ppm

DC current:

190µA: ±102ppm

1.9mA: ±55ppm 19mA: ±55ppm 190mA: ±65ppm

1.9A: ±96ppm

1-2

Performance Verification

Table 1-1 (cont.)

Recommended equipment for performance verification

Mfg. Model Description Specifications*

Fluke 5700A Calibrator AC current, 40Hz-10kHz (40Hz-1kHz specifications):

190µA: ±245ppm

1.9mA: ±160ppm 19mA: ±160ppm 190mA: ±170ppm

1.9A: ±670ppm

Resistance:

19¾: ±26ppm 190¾: ±17ppm

1.9k¾: ±12ppm 19k¾: ±11ppm 190k¾: ±13ppm

1.9M¾: ±19ppm 19M¾: ±47ppm

100M¾: ±120ppm Fluke 5725A Amplifier AC voltage, 1kHz-10kHz: 750V: ±85ppm Fluke 5700A-03 Wideband AC option 190mV, 1.9V @ 2MHz, ±0.1% Fluke 5440A-7002 Low thermal cable set Keithley CA-18-1 Low capacitance cable Low capacitance dual banana to dual banana shielded cable (for

ACV), 1.2m (4 ft.) in length.

Keithley R-289-1G 1G¾ resistor NOTE: Resistor should be characterized to within ±10,000 ppm and

mounted in shielded test box (see procedure).

Metal component box (for 1G¾ resistor)

Insulated banana plugs (2)

(for test box) Keithley 3940 Multifunction Synthesizer 1Hz-15MHz, ±5ppm General

Radio

1433-T Precision Decade Resis-

tance Box

10-400¾, ±0.02%

⎯⎯ Megohmmeter 1G¾, ±1%

* 90-day calibrator specifications shown include total uncertainty at specified output. The 1.9V output includes 0.5ppm transfer uncertainty. See Appendix D for recommendation on alternate calibration sources.

1-3

Performance Verification

1.8 Verification procedures

The following paragraphs contain procedures for verifying instrument accuracy specifications for the following measuring functions:

•DC volts

• AC volts

• DC current

• AC current

• Resistance

•Frequency

• Temperature

If the Model 2001 is out of specifications and not under warranty, refer to the calibration procedures in Section 2.

WARNING

The maximum common-mode voltage (voltage between INPUT LO and chassis ground) is 500V peak. Exceeding this value may cause a breakdown in insulation, creating a shock hazard. Some of the procedures in this section may expose you to dangerous voltages. Use standard safety precautions when such dangerous voltages are encountered to avoid personal injury caused by electric shock.

NOTE

Do not connect test equipment to the Model 2001 through a scanner.

1.8.1 DC volts verification

DC voltage accuracy is verified by applying accurate DC voltages from a calibrator to the Model 2001 input and verifying that the displayed readings fall within specified ranges.

Follow the steps below to verify DCV measurement accuracy.

CAUTION

Do not exceed 1100V peak between INPUT HI and INPUT LO, or instrument damage may occur.

1. Turn on the Model 2001 and the calibrator, and allow a one-hour warm-up period before making measurements.

NOTE

Use shielded, low-thermal connections when testing the 200mV range to avoid errors caused by noise or thermal offsets. Connect the shield to calibrator output LO. (See Table 1-1.)

2. Connect the Model 2001 to the calibrator, as shown in Figure 1-1. Be sure to connect calibrator HI to Model 2001 INPUT HI and calibrator LO to Model 2001 INPUT LO as shown.

3. Restore Model 2001 factory default conditions, as explained in paragraph 1.7.

4. Set digital filter averaging as follows: A. From normal display, press CONFIG then DCV. B. Select FILTER, then press ENTER. C. Select AVERAGING, then press ENTER. D. Using the cursor and range keys, set the averaging

parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER. E. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display. F. If the FILT annunciator is off, press FILTER to en-

able the filter.

5. Select the Model 2001 200mV DC range.

NOTE

Do not use auto-ranging for any of the verification tests because auto-range hysteresis may cause the Model 2001 to be on an incorrect range.

6. Set the calibrator output to 0.000000mVDC, and allow the reading to settle.

7. Enable the Model 2001 REL mode. Leave REL enabled for the remainder of the DC volts verification test.

8. Set the calibrator output to +190.0000mVDC, and allow the reading to settle.

9. Verify that the Model 2001 reading is within the limits summarized in Table 1-2.

10. Repeat steps 8 and 9 for the remaining ranges and voltages listed in Table 1-2.

11. Repeat the procedure for each of the ranges with negative voltages of the same magnitude as those listed in Table 1-2.

1-4

Performance Verification

5700A Calibrator (Output DC Voltage)

Input HI

INPUT

1100V PEAK

500V PEAK

2A 250V

AMPS

Input LO

+1. 900000 VDC

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4

DISPLAY

REL TRIG STORE

POWER

LOCAL CHAN SCAN CONFIG MENU EXIT ENTER

INFO

Model 2001

2001 MULTIMETER

RECALL

FREQ TEMP

FILTER MATH

SENSE

Ω 4 WIRE

350V PEAK

INPUTS

RANGE

FRONT/REAR

AUTO

RANGE

CAL

Note: Use shielded, low-thermal cables when testing 200mV range. Use internal Guard (EX GRD LED is off).

Figure 1-1

Connections for DC volts verification

Table 1-2

Limits for DC volts verification

2001

DCV

range

200mV

200V

1000V

Notes:

1. Repeat procedure for negative voltages.

2. Reading limits shown do not include calibrator uncertainty.

20V

Applied DC

voltage

190.0000mV

1.900000V

19.00000V

190.0000V

1000.000V

Reading limits

(18° to 28°C, 1 year)

189.9918mV to 190.0082mV

1.899949V to 1.900052V

18.99946V to 19.00054V

189.9922V to 190.0078V

999.953V to 1000.047V

Output HI

Output LO

Ground link installed.

Normal mode

1. Turn on the Model 2001, calibrator, and amplifier, and allow a one-hour warm-up period before making measurements.

2. Connect the Model 2001 to the calibrator, as shown in Figure 1-2. Be sure to connect the amplifier HI to Model 2001 INPUT HI, and amplifier LO to Model 2001 INPUT LO as shown. Connect the power amplifier to the calibrator using the appropriate connector on the rear of the calibrator.

3. Restore Model 2001 factory default conditions, as explained in paragraph 1.7.

4. Select the ACV function and the 200mV range on the Model 2001, and make sure that REL is disabled.

1.8.2 AC volts verification

AC voltage accuracy is checked by applying accurate AC voltages at specific frequencies from an AC calibration source and then verifying that each Model 2001 AC voltage reading falls within the specified range. The three ACV verification procedures that follow include:

• Normal mode

• Low-frequency mode

• Peak ACV

CAUTION

Do not exceed 1100V peak or 2 ×

V•Hz between INPUT HI and IN-

10 PUT LO, or instrument damage may occur.

NOTE

Do not use REL to null offsets when performing AC volts tests.

5. Set the calibrator output to 190.000mVAC at a frequency of 20Hz, and allow the reading to settle.

6. Verify that the Model 2001 reading is within the limits summarized in Table 1-3.

7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 for 190mVAC at the remaining frequencies listed in Table 1-3 (except 2MHz).Verify that instrument readings fall within the required limits listed in the table.

8. Repeat steps 5 through 7 for the 2V, 20V, 200V, and 750VAC ranges, using the input voltages and limits stated in Table 1-3.

9. Connect the Model 2001 to the wideband calibrator output (Figure 1-3).

1-5

Performance Verification

10. Set the calibrator output to 190.0000mV at a frequency of 2MHz.

11. Verify that the reading is within limits stated in Table 1-

12. Repeat steps 10 and 11 for 1.900V input on the 2V range.

Low-frequency mode

1. Turn on the Model 2001, calibrator, and amplifier, and allow a one-hour warm-up period before making measurements.

3. Restore Model 2001 factory default conditions, as explained in paragraph 1.7.

4. Select the ACV function and the 200mV range on the Model 2001, and make sure that REL is disabled.

NOTE

Do not use REL to null offsets when performing AC volts tests. Also, do not enable the filter.

5. Select the low-frequency mode as follows: A. Press CONFIG ACV, select AC-TYPE, then press

ENTER. B. Select LOW-FREQ-RMS, then press ENTER. C. Press EXIT as required to return to normal display.

6. Set the calibrator output to 190.000mVAC at a frequency of 10Hz, and allow the reading to settle.

7. Verify that the Model 2001 reading is within the limits summarized in Table 1-4.

8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for 190mVAC at the remaining frequencies listed in the table.

9. Repeat steps 6 through 8 for the 2V, 20V, 200V, and 750VAC ranges, using the input voltages and limits stated in Table 1-4.

CAUTION

Do not apply more than 400V at 50kHz, 80V at 250kHz, 40V at 500kHz, or 20V at 1MHz, or instrument damage may occur.

Input HI

INPUT

1100V PEAK

500V PEAK

2A 250V

AMPS

Input LO

CA-18-1 Lowcapacitance cable

Output HI

Output LO

1. 900000 VAC RMS

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4

DISPLAY

REL TRIG STORE RECALL

POWER

INFO LOCAL CHAN SCAN CONFIG MENU EXIT ENTER

Model 2001

2001 MULTIMETER

FREQ TEMP

FILTER MATH

SENSE

Ω 4 WIRE

350V PEAK

INPUTS

RANGE

FRONT/REAR

AUTO

RANGE

CAL

Figure 1-2

Connections for AC volts verification (all except 2MHz test)

5725 Amplifier (Connect to calibrator)

5700A Calibrator (Output AC Voltage)

Ground link installed.

Note: Use internal Guard (EX GRD LED is off).

1-6

1. 900000 VAC RMS

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4

DISPLAY

REL TRIG STORE RECALL

POWER

INFO LOCAL CHAN SCAN CONFIG MENU EXIT ENTER

Model 2001

2001 MULTIMETER

FREQ TEMP

FILTER MATH

RANGE

AUTO

RANGE

BNC to dual

banana

SENSE

INPUT

Ω 4 WIRE

350V PEAK

INPUTS

FRONT/REAR

2A 250V

AMPS

CAL

1100V PEAK

500V PEAK

Performance Verification

5725 Amplifier (Connect to calibrator)

50Ω

terminator

50Ω Coax

Wideband

output

Note: Use internal Guard (EX GRD LED is off).

Figure 1-3

Connections for AC volts verification (2MHz frequency only)

5700A Calibrator (Output AC Voltage)

Ground link installed.

1-7

Performance Verification

180.100mVto199.900mV

1.80100Vto1.99900V

186.000mV

1.86000Vto1.94000V

194.000mV

18.2000Vto19.8000V

189.000mV

189.647mVto190.353mV

1.89000Vto1.91000V

191.000mV

1.89647Vto1.90353V

189.856mV

189.875mVto190.125mV

1.89856Vto1.90144V

190.144mV

1.89875Vto1.90125V

189.875mV

1.89875Vto1.90125V

190.125mV

***

18.9000Vto19.1000V

18.9647Vto19.0353V

18.9723Vto19.0277V

18.9742Vto19.0258V

18.9809Vto19.0192V

18.9856Vto19.0144V

189.640Vto190.360V

189.716Vto190.284V

189.735Vto190.265V

189.802Vto190.198V

189.849Vto190.151V

*****

748.12Vto751.88V

748.49Vto751.51V

748.72Vto751.28V

1-8

Table 1-3

19.1284V

189.678Vto190.322V

200V 190V 188.709V

189.685mV

1.89685Vto1.90315V

190.315mV

Allowable readings (1 year, 18° to 28°C)

Applied

voltage 20Hz 50Hz 1kHz 5kHz 25kHz 50kHz 100kHz 200kHz 1MHz 2MHz**

191.284mV

2V 1.9V 1.88716V

ACV

200mV 190mV 188.716mV

range

Limits for normal mode AC voltage verification

2001

18.9685Vto19.0315V

1.91284V

20V 19V 18.8716V

191.291V

⎯ 748.12V

750V 750V

751.88V

V•Hz input.

*CAUTION: Do not exceed 2 × 10

**Use wideband option and connections when performing 2MHz tests.

NOTE: Limits shown do not include calibrator uncertainty. Reading limits do include the adder for AC Coupling of the input.

Table 1-4

Limits for low-frequency mode AC voltage verification

Allowable readings

2001 ACV

range

Applied

voltage

10Hz 50Hz 100Hz

(1 year, 18° to 28°C)

Performance Verification

200mV

190mV

189.837mV

190.163mV

20V

200V

750V

NOTE: Specifications above 100Hz are the same as normal mode. Limits shown do not include calibrator uncertainty.

1.9V

19V

190V

750V

AC peak mode

1. Turn on the Model 2001, calibrator, and amplifier, and allow a one-hour warm-up period before making measurements.

3. Restore Model 2001 factory default conditions, as explained in paragraph 1.7.

4. Select the ACV function and the 200mV range on the Model 2001, and make sure that REL is disabled.

NOTE

1.89837V to

1.90163V

18.9818V to

19.0182V

189.811V to

190.189V

—

189.875mV to

190.125mV

1.89875V to

1.90125V

18.9856V to

19.0144V

189.849V to

190.151V

748.72V to

751.28V

189.875mV to

190.125mV

1.89875V to

1.90125V

18.9856V to

19.0144V

189.849V to

190.151V

748.72V to

751.28V

C. Select FILTER, then press ENTER. D. Select AVERAGING, then press ENTER. E. Using the cursor and range keys, set the averaging

parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER. F. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display. G. If the FLT annunciator is off, press FILTER to en-

able the filter.

6. Set the calibrator output to 100.000mVAC at a frequency of 5kHz, and allow the reading to settle.

7. Verify that the Model 2001 reading is within the limits summarized in Table 1-5.

8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for 100mVAC at the remaining frequencies listed in the table.

9. Repeat steps 6 through 8 for the 2V, 20V, 200V, and 750VAC ranges, using the input voltages and limits stated in Table 1-5.

Do not use REL to null offsets when performing AC volts tests. Use AC coupling for 5kHz-1MHz tests. Use AC+DC coupling for 20Hz tests. (Use CONFIG-ACV to set coupling.)

5. Select the AC peak and filter modes as follows: A. Press CONFIG then ACV, select AC-TYPE, then

press ENTER.

B. Select PEAK, then press ENTER.

CAUTION

Do not apply more than 400V at 50kHz, 80V at 250kHz, 40V at 500kHz, or 20V at 1MHz, or instrument damage may occur.

10. Set input coupling to AC+DC, then repeat the procedure for a 20Hz input signal.

1-9

Performance Verification

Table 1-5

Limits for AC peak voltage verification

2001

ACV

range

Applied

voltage* 20Hz†

Allowable Readings (1 year, 18° to 28°C)

5kHz 25kHz 50kHz 100kHz 250kHz 500kHz 750kHz 1MHz

200mV 100mV 139.9mV

142.9mV

2V 1V 1.407V

1.421V

20V 10V 13.99V

14.29V

200V 190V 267.8V

269.6V

750V 750V

*Calibrator voltage is given as an RMS value. Model 2001 reading limits are peak AC values. **CAUTION: Do not apply more than 2 × 10 †Use AC+DC input coupling for 20Hz tests only. (Use CONFIG-ACV to set coupling.) NOTE: Limits shown do not include uncertainty calibrator.

⎯

1.8.3 DC current verification

DC current accuracy is checked by applying accurate DC currents from a calibrator to the instrument AMPS input and then verifying that the current readings fall within appropriate limits.

Follow the steps below to verify DCI measurement accuracy.

139.9mV to

142.9mV

1.407V to

1.421V

13.98V to

14.30V

267.8V to

269.6V

1054V

1067V

V•Hz

139.9mV to

142.9mV

1.407V to

1.421V

13.98V to

14.30V

267.7V to

269.7V

1053V

1068V

139.8mV to

143.0mV

1.406V to

1.422V

13.97V to

14.31V

267.6V to

269.8V ** ** ** ** ** **

139.6mV

143.2mV

1.404V

1.424V

13.96V

14.32V

267.4V

270.0V

4. Set digital filter averaging as follows: A. From normal display, press CONFIG then DCI. B. Select FILTER, then press ENTER. C. Select AVERAGING, then press ENTER. D. Using the cursor and range keys, set the averaging

E. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display. F. If the FILT annunciator is off, press FILTER to en-

CAUTION

Do not apply more than 2A, 250V to the AMPS input, or the amps protection fuse will blow.

1. Turn on the Model 2001 and the calibrator, and allow a one-hour warm-up period before making measurements.

2. Connect the Model 2001 to the calibrator, as shown in Figure 1-4. Be sure to connect calibrator HI to the AMPS input, and connect calibrator LO to INPUT LO as shown.

5. Select the DC current function (DCI) and the 200µA range on the Model 2001.

6. Set the calibrator output to +190.0000µADC, and allow the reading to settle.

7. Verify that the Model 2001 reading is within the limits summarized in Table 1-6.

8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for the remaining currents listed in Table 1-6.

9. Repeat the procedure for each of the ranges with negative currents of the same magnitude as those listed in Table 1-6.

3. Restore Model 2001 factory default conditions, as explained in paragraph 1.7.

138.6mV

144.2mV

1.394V to

1.434V

13.86V to

14.42V ** ** ** **

136.5mV to

146.3mV

1.373V to

1.455V

13.65V to

14.63V

132.2mV to

150.6mV

1.330V to

1.498V

13.22V to

15.06V

parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER.

able the filter.

127.3mV to

155.5mV

1.281V to

1.547V

12.73V to

15.55V

1-10

Performance Verification

5700A Calibrator (Output DC Current)

19.00000 mADC

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4

DISPLAY

REL TRIG STORE RECALL

POWER

INFO LOCAL CHAN SCAN CONFIG MENU EXIT ENTER

Model 2001

2001 MULTIMETER

FREQ TEMP

FILTER MATH

SENSE

Ω 4 WIRE

350V PEAK

INPUTS

RANGE

FRONT/REAR

AUTO

RANGE

CAL

Input

INPUT

1100V

PEAK

500V PEAK

2A 250V

AMPS

Amps

Output HI

Output LO

Note: Use internal Guard (EX GRD LED is off).

Figure 1-4

Connections for DC current verification

Table 1-6

Limits for DC current verification

2001 DCI

range

200µA

Applied DC

current

190.0000µA

Reading limits

(1 year, 18° to 28°C)

189.9000µA to

190.1000µA

2mA

1.900000mA

1.899200mA to

1.900800mA

20mA

19.00000mA

18.99200mA to

19.00800mA

200mA

190.0000mA

189.9010mA to

190.0990mA

1.900000A

1.898200A to

1.901800A

NOTES:

1. Repeat procedure for negative currents.

2. Reading limits shown do not include calibrator uncertainty.

1.8.4 AC current verification

AC current verification is performed by applying accurate AC currents at specific frequencies and then verifying that Model 2001 readings fall within specified limits.

Ground link installed.

Follow the steps below to verify ACI measurement accuracy.

CAUTION

Do not apply more than 2A, 250V to the AMPS input, or the current protection fuse will blow.

1. Turn on the Model 2001 and the calibrator, and allow a one-hour warm-up period before making measurements.

2. Connect the Model 2001 to the calibrator, as shown in Figure 1-5. Be sure to connect calibrator HI to the AMPS input, and connect calibrator LO to INPUT LO as shown.

3. Restore Model 2001 factory default conditions, as explained in paragraph 1.7.

4. Select the AC current function and the 200µA range on the Model 2001.

5. Set the calibrator output to 190.000µA AC at a frequency of 40Hz, and allow the reading to settle.

6. Verify that the Model 2001 reading is within the limits for the present current and frequency summarized in Table 1-7.

7. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for each frequency listed in Table 1-7.

8. Repeat steps 4 through 7 for the remaining ranges and frequencies listed in Table 1-7.

1-11

Performance Verification

5700A Calibrator (Output AC Current)

190.0000 μAAC RMS

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4

DISPLAY

REL TRIG STORE RECALL

POWER

INFO LOCAL CHAN SCAN CONFIG MENU EXIT ENTER

Model 2001

2001 MULTIMETER

FREQ TEMP

FILTER MATH

SENSE

Ω 4 WIRE

350V PEAK

INPUTS

RANGE

FRONT/REAR

AUTO

RANGE

Figure 1-5

Connections for AC current verification

Table 1-7

Limits for AC current verification

2001 ACI

range

Applied AC

current

200µA 190.000µA 188.260µA

2mA 1.90000mA 1.88355mA

20mA 19.0000mA 18.8355mA

200mA 190.000mA 188.355mA

2A 1.90000A 1.88250A

Note: Reading limits shown do not include calibrator uncertainty.

Input

INPUT

1100V PEAK

500V PEAK

2A 250V

AMPS

CAL

Amps

Output HI

Output LO

Ground link installed.

Note: Use internal Guard (EX GRD LED is off).

Reading limits (1 year, 18° to 28°C)

40Hz 100Hz 1kHz 10kHz

191.740µA

1.91645mA

19.1645mA

191.645mA

1.91750A

189.560µA to

190.440µA

1.89657mA to

1.90344mA

18.9657mA to

19.0344mA

189.657mA to

190.344mA

1.89556A to

1.90444A

189.210µA to

190.790µA

1.89742mA to

1.90258mA

18.9742mA to

19.0258mA

189.742mA to

190.258mA

1.89390A to

1.90610A

189.020µA to

190.980µA

1.89742mA to

1.90258mA

18.9742mA to

19.0258mA

189.685mA to

190.315mA

1.89105A to

1.90895A

1-12

Performance Verification

1.8.5 Resistance verification

Resistance verification is performed by connecting accurate resistance values to the instrument and verifying that Model 2001 resistance readings are within stated limits.

Follow the steps below to verify resistance measurement accuracy.

CAUTION

Do not apply more than 1100V peak between INPUT HI and LO or more than 350V peak between SENSE HI and LO, or instrument damage may occur.

20¾ - 200k¾ range verification

1. Turn on the Model 2001 and the calibrator, and allow a one-hour warm-up period before making measurements.

2. Set the calibrator for 4-wire resistance (external sense on).

3. Using shielded 4-wire connections, connect the Model 2001 to the calibrator, as shown in Figure 1-6. Be sure to connect calibrator HI and LO terminals to the Model 2001 HI and LO terminals (including SENSE HI and LO) as shown.

4. Restore Model 2001 factory default conditions, as explained in paragraph 1.7.

5. Set operating modes as follows: A. From normal display, press CONFIG then ¾4. B. Select FILTER, then press ENTER. C. Select AVERAGING, then press ENTER. D. Using the cursor and range keys, set the averaging

parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER. E. Select OFFSETCOMP, then press ENTER. F. Select ON, then press ENTER. G. Press EXIT to return to normal display.

6. Set the calibrator to output 19.000¾, and allow the reading to settle. Verify that the reading is within the limits stated in Table 1-8.

NOTE

Resistance values available in the Model 5700A calibrator may be slightly different than the stated nominal resistance values. Calculated limits stated in Table 1-8 should be recalculated based on actual calibrator resistance values.

7. Set the calibrator output to 190.000¾, and allow the reading to settle.

8. Verify that the reading is within the limits stated in Table 1-8. (NOTE: Recalculate limits if calibrator resistance is not exactly as listed.)

9. Repeat steps 11 and 12 for the 2k¾ through 200k¾ ranges using the values listed in Table 1-8. NOTE: Turn offset compensation off when testing the 200k¾ range (see step 5).

Table 1-8

Limits for resistance verification (20¾-200M¾ ranges)

2001 ¾ range

20¾

Applied

resistance

19.0000¾

Reading limits

(1 year, 18° to 28°C)

18.99849¾ to

19.00151¾

200¾

190.000¾

189.9880¾ to

190.0120¾

2k¾

1.90000k¾

1.899897k¾ to

1.900103k¾

20k¾

19.0000k¾

18.99897k¾ to

19.00103k¾

200k¾

190.000k¾

189.9820k¾ to

190.0180k¾

2M¾

1.90000M¾

1.899687M¾ to

1.900313M¾

20M¾

19.0000M¾

18.98281M¾ to

19.01719M¾

200M¾

100.000M¾

97.9800M¾ to

102.0200M¾

NOTES:

1. Limits shown do not include calibrator uncertainty and are based on absolute calibration values shown. Recalculate limits using Model 2001 specifications if calibrator resistance values differ from nominal values shown.

2. Use 4-wire connections and function for 20¾-200k¾ ranges. Use 2wire connections and function for 2M¾-200M¾ ranges.

1-13

Performance Verification

5700A Calibrator (Output 2-Wire Resistance)

Input HI

INPUT

1100V

PEAK

500V PEAK

2A 250V

AMPS

Input LO

Output HI

Output LO

+1. 900000 kΩ

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4

DISPLAY

REL TRIG STORE RECALL

POWER

INFO LOCAL CHAN SCAN CONFIG MENU EXIT ENTER

Model 2001

2001 MULTIMETER

FREQ TEMP

FILTER MATH

SENSE

Ω 4 WIRE

350V PEAK

INPUTS

RANGE

FRONT/REAR

AUTO

RANGE

CAL

Note: Use shielded cable to minimize noise.

Disable calibrator external sense mode.

Use internal Guard (EX GRD LED is off).

Figure 1-6

Connections for resistance verification (20¾-200k¾ ranges)

2M¾ – 200M¾ range verification

1. Connect the DC calibrator and Model 2001 using the 2wire connections shown in Figure 1-7.

2. Set the calibrator to the 2-wire mode (external sense off).

3. Set operating modes as follows: A. From normal display, press CONFIG then ¾2. B. Select FILTER, then press ENTER. C. Select AVERAGING, then press ENTER. D. Using the cursor and range keys, set the averaging

parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER. E. Press EXIT to return to normal display. F. If the FILT annunciator is off, press FILTER to en-

able the filter.

4. Select the Model 2001 ¾2 function, and change to the 2M¾ range.

5. Set the calibrator to output 1.90000M¾, and allow the reading to settle.

6. Verify that the reading is within the limits for the 2M¾ range stated in Table 1-8. (NOTE: Recalculate limits if actual calibrator resistance differs from value shown.)

7. Repeat steps 4 through 6 for the 20M¾ (output

19.0000M¾) and 200M¾ (output 100.000M¾) ranges.

1G¾ range verification

Ground link installed.

2. Characterize the 1G¾ resistor to within ±10,000ppm or better using an accurate megohmmeter (see Table 1-1). Record the characterized value where indicated in Table 1-9. Also, compute the limits based on the value of R using the formula at the bottom of the table.

NOTE

The value of the 1G¾ resistor should not exceed 1.05G¾.

parameter to 10 readings, then press ENTER. E. Press EXIT to return to normal display. F. If the FILT annunciator is off, press FILTER to en-

able the filter.

4. Select the 2-wire ohms function (¾2) and the 1G¾ range on the Model 2001.

5. Connect the 1G¾ resistor test box (from steps 1 and 2) to the INPUT HI and LO terminals of the Model 2001. Allow the reading to settle.

6. Verify that the Model 2001 reading is within the limits you calculated and recorded in Table 1-9.

1. Mount the 1G¾ resistor and the banana plugs to the test box, as shown in Figure 1-8. Be sure to mount the banana plugs with the correct spacing. The resistor should be completely enclosed in and shielded by the metal test box. The resistor LO lead should be electrically connected to the test box to provide adequate shielding.

1-14

190.0000 kΩ

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4

DISPLAY

REL TRIG STORE RECALL

POWER

INFO LOCAL CHAN SCAN CONFIG MENU EXIT ENTER

Model 2001

2001 MULTIMETER

FREQ TEMP

FILTER MATH

Sense LO

Performance Verification

Sense LO

Sense HI

SENSE

INPUT

Ω 4 WIRE

350V PEAK

RANGE

FRONT/REAR

AUTO

RANGE

Input HI

1100V PEAK

500V PEAK

INPUTS

2A 250V

AMPS

CAL

Input LO

Output HI

Output LO

5700A Calibrator (Output 4-wire Resistance)

Note: Use shielded cables to minimize noise. Enable calibrator external sense mode. Use internal Guard (EX GRD LED is off).

Figure 1-7

Connections for resistance verification (2M¾ - 200M¾ ranges)

Insulated

Plug

0.75"

Banana

Plugs

Non-insulated Plug

Ground link installed.

1GΩ Resistor (Keithley part # R-289-1G)

Metal

Test Box

Figure 1-8

1G¾ resistor test box construction

Table 1-9

Limits for resistance verification (1G¾ range)

Characterized

resistor (R) Reading limit (1 year, 18° to 28°C)*

____________ G¾ _________G¾ to _________G¾

*1 Year limits = R ± (0.04R + 100,000) Where R = characterized value of 1G¾ resistor.

Note: Resistor must be accurately characterized before use (see text).

1-15

Performance Verification

1.8.6 Frequency accuracy verification

Frequency accuracy verification is performed by connecting an accurate frequency source to the Model 2001 inputs, and then verifying that the frequency readings are within stated limits.

Use the procedure below to verify the frequency measurement accuracy of the Model 2001.

1. Connect the frequency synthesizer to the Model 2001 INPUT terminals, as shown in Figure 1-9.

2. Turn on both instruments, and allow a one-hour warmup period before measurement.

3. Set the synthesizer operating modes as follows: FREQ: 1Hz

AMPTD: 5V p-p OFFSET: 0V MODE: CONT FCTN: sine wave

4. Restore Model 2001 factory defaults, as explained in paragraph 1.7.

5. Press FREQ to place the Model 2001 in the frequency measurement mode.

6. Set maximum signal level to 10V as follows: A. Press CONFIG then FREQ. B. Select MAX-SIGNAL-LEVEL, then press ENTER. C. Select VOLTAGE, then press ENTER. D. Select 10V, then press ENTER. E. Press EXIT to return to normal display.

7. Verify that the Model 2001 frequency reading is within the limits shown in the first line of Table 1-10.

8. Set the synthesizer to each of the frequencies listed in Table 1-10, and verify that the Model 2001 frequency reading is within the required limits.

Table 1-10

Frequency verification limits

Synthesizer

frequency

1Hz

10Hz

100Hz

1kHz

10kHz

100kHz

1MHz 10MHz 15MHz

Reading limits

(1 year, 18° to 28°C)

0.9997Hz to 1.0003Hz

9.997Hz to 10.003Hz

99.97Hz to 100.03Hz

0.9997kHz to 1.0003kHz

9.997kHz to 10.003kHz

99.97kHz to 100.03kHz

0.9997MHz to 1.0003MHz

9.997MHz to 10.003MHz

14.995MHz to 15.005MHz

Model 2001

SENSE Ω 4 WIRE

1.0000 MHz

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4 FREQ TEMP

DISPLAY

REL TRIG STORE RECALL

POWER

INFO LOCAL CHAN SCAN CONFIG MENU EXIT ENTER

2001 MULTIMETER

FILTER MATH

Figure 1-9

Connections for frequency accuracy verification

350V PEAK

INPUTS

FRONT/REAR

CAL

RANGE

AUTO

RANGE

BNC-to-Dual

Banana Plug

Model 3940 Synthesizer

3940 MULTIFUNCTION SYNTHESIZER

Adapter

INPUT

1100V PEAK

500V PEAK

2A 250V

AMPS

Main

Function

Output

50Ω BNC Coaxial Cable

1-16

Performance Verification

1.8.7 Temperature reading checks

When using thermocouples, the Model 2001 displays temperature by measuring the DC thermocouple voltage, and then calculating the corresponding temperature. Similarly, the instrument computes RTD temperature readings by measuring the resistance of the RTD probe and calculating temperature from the resistance value.

Since the instrument computes temperature from DCV and resistance measurements, verifying the accuracy of those DCV and resistance measurement functions guarantees the accuracy of corresponding temperature measurements. Thus, it is not necessary to perform a comprehensive temperature verification procedure if DCV and resistance verification procedures show the instrument meets its specifications in those areas. However, those who wish to verify that the Model 2001 does in fact properly display temperature can use the following procedure to do so.

Selecting the temperature sensor

Follow the steps below to select the type of temperature sensor:

1. From normal display, press CONFIG then TEMP.

2. Select SENSOR, then press ENTER.

3. Select 4-WIRE RTD or THERMOCOUPLE as desired, then press ENTER.

4. Select the type of RTD probe or thermocouple you wish to test, then return to the CONFIG TEMPERATURE menu.

5. Select UNITS, then press ENTER.

6. Select DEG-C, then press ENTER.

7. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display.

8. Press the TEMP key to place the Model 2001 in the temperature display mode. Refer to further information below on how to check thermocouple and RTD probe readings.

Thermocouple temperature reading checks

To check thermocouple readings, simply apply the appropriate DC voltage listed in Table 1-11 to the Model 2001 INPUT jacks using a precision DC voltage source (such as the one used to verify DC voltage accuracy in paragraph 1.8.1), and check the displayed temperature reading. Be sure to use low-thermal cables for connections between the DC calibrator and the Model 2001 when making these tests.

NOTE

The voltages shown are based on a 0°C reference junction temperature. Use CONFIG TEMP to set the default reference junction temperature to 0°C.

Table 1-11

Thermocouple temperature reading checks

Thermo-

couple type

J -4.215mV

K -3.242mV

T -3.089mV

E -4.777mV

R0.054mV

S0.055mV

B0.632mV

*Voltages shown are based on 0°C reference junction temperature. Use CONFIG-TEMP menu to set default reference junction to 0°C.

Applied DC

voltage*

0mV

1.277mV

5.268mV

42.283mV

0mV

1.000mV

4.095mV

54.125mV

0mV

0.992mV

4.277mV

20.252mV

0mV

1.495mV

6.317mV

75.608mV

0.647mV

4.471mV

20.878mV

0.645mV

4.234mV

18.504mV

1.241mV

4.833mV

13.585mV

Displayed

temperature (°C)

-90.5 to -89.5

-0.5 to +0.5

24.5 to 25.5

99.5 to 100.5

749.5 to 750.5

-90.5 to -89.5

-0.5 to +0.5

24.5 to 25.5

99.5 to 100.5

1349.5 to 1350.5

-90.5 to -89.5

-0.5 to +0.5

24.5 to 25.5

99.5 to 100.5

389.5 to 390.5

-90.6 to -89.4

-0.6 to +0.6

24.4 to 25.6

99.4 to 100.6

989.4 to 990.6 7 to 13

97 to 103

497 to 503

1747 to 1753

7 to 13

97 to 103

497 to 503

1747 to 1753

355 to 365 495 to 505

995 to 1005

1795 to 1805

1-17

Performance Verification

RTD Temperature reading checks

Use a precision decade resistance box (see Table 1-1) to simulate probe resistances at various temperatures (Table 1-12). Be sure to use 4-wire connections between the decade resistance box and the Model 2001.

Table 1-12

RTD probe temperature reading checks

RTD probe

type

PT385

(∝=0.00385055)

PT3916

(∝=0.00392)

Applied

resistance

64.30¾ 100¾

109.73¾

138.51¾

313.71¾

63.68¾ 100¾

109.90¾

139.16¾

266.94¾

Displayed

temperature (°C)

-90.08 to -89.92

-0.08 to +0.08

24.92 to 25.08

99.92 to 100.08

599.86 to 600.14

-90.08 to -89.92

-0.08 to +0.08

24.92 to 25.08

99.92 to 100.08

449.86 to 450.14

1-18

Calibration

2.1 Introduction

This section gives detailed procedures for calibrating the Model 2001. There are three types of calibration procedures:

• Comprehensive calibration

• AC self-calibration

• Low-level calibration

Comprehensive calibration requires accurate calibration equipment to supply precise DC voltages and resistance values. AC self-calibration requires no external equipment and can be performed at any time by the operator. Low-level calibration is normally performed only at the factory where the instrument is manufactured and is not usually required in the field.

NOTE

Low-level calibration is required in the field only if the Model 2001 has been repaired, or if the other calibration procedures cannot bring the instrument within stated specifications.

2.5 Calibration lock: Explains how to unlock calibration with the CAL switch.

2.6 IEEE-488 bus calibration commands and program:

Summarizes bus commands used for calibration, lists a simple calibration program, and also discusses other important aspects of calibrating the instrument over the bus.

2.7 Calibration errors: Details front panel error messages that might occur during calibration and also explains how to check for errors over the bus.

2.8 Comprehensive calibration: Covers comprehensive (user) calibration from the front panel and over the IEEE-488 bus.

2.9 AC self-calibration: Discusses the AC user calibration process, both from the front panel and over the IEEE-488 bus.

2.10 Low-level calibration: Explains how to perform the low-level calibration procedure, which is normally required only at the factory.

Section 2 includes the following information:

2.2 Environmental conditions: States the temperature and humidity limits for calibration.

2.3 Warm-up period: Discusses the length of time the Model 2001 should be allowed to warm up before calibration.

2.4 Line power: States the power line voltage limits when calibrating the unit.

2.2 Environmental conditions

Calibration procedures should be performed at an ambient temperature of 23°± 1°C, and at a relative humidity of less than 80% unless otherwise noted.

2-1

Calibration

2.3 Warm-up period

The Model 2001 must be allowed to warm up for at least one hour before calibration. If the instrument has been subjected to temperature extremes (outside the range stated in paragraph 2.2), allow additional time for internal temperatures to stabilize. Typically, it takes one additional hour to stabilize a unit that is 10°C (18°F) outside the specified temperature range.

The calibration equipment should also be allowed to warm up for the minimum period specified by the manufacturer.

2.4 Line power

The Model 2001 should be calibrated while operating from a line voltage in the range of 90-134V or 180-250V at 50, 60, or 400Hz.

2.5 Calibration lock

Calibration can be unlocked by pressing in on the front panel CAL switch. Remove the sticker that covers the CAL switch access hole before calibration. Replace the sticker after completing calibration.

2.5.1 Comprehensive calibration lock

Before performing comprehensive calibration, you must first unlock calibration by momentarily pressing in on the recessed CAL switch. The instrument will display the following message:

2.5.2 Low-level calibration lock

To unlock low-level calibration, press in and hold the CAL switch while turning on the power. Low-level calibration can then be performed.

NOTE

Do not unlock low-level calibration unless you have the appropriate equipment and intend to perform low-level calibration. See paragraph 2.10 for low-level calibration details.

2.5.3 IEEE-488 bus calibration lock status

You can determine the status of either calibration lock over the bus by using the appropriate query. To determine comprehensive calibration lock status, send the following query:

:CAL:PROT:SWIT?

The instrument will respond with the calibration lock status:

0: comprehensive calibration locked 1: comprehensive calibration unlocked

To determine the status of the low-level calibration lock, send the following query:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:SWIT?

Responses to this lock query are:

0: low-level calibration locked 1: low-level calibration unlocked

CALIBRATION UNLOCKED

Comprehensive cal can now be performed

If you attempt comprehensive or low-level calibration without performing the unlocking procedure, the following message will be displayed:

CALIBRATION LOCKED

Press the CAL switch to unlock.

Note that it is not necessary to unlock calibration for the AConly self-calibration procedure.

If the CAL switch is pressed with calibration already unlocked, the following message will be displayed:

CAL ALREADY UNLOCKED

Cycle Power to relock cal switch.

2-2

Refer to paragraph 2.6.1 below and Section 3 for more details on calibration commands.

2.6 IEEE-488 bus calibration commands and program

2.6.1 Calibration commands

Table 2-1 summarizes calibration commands used to calibrate the instrument over the IEEE-488 bus (GPIB). For a complete description of calibration commands refer to Section 3.

Table 2-1

IEEE-488 bus calibration command summary

Command Description

Calibration

:CALibration

:PROTected

:LOCK :SWITch?

Calibration root command.

All commands in this subsystem are protected by the CAL switch.

Lock out calibration (opposite of enabling cal with CAL switch). Request comprehensive CAL switch state.

(0 = locked; 1 = unlocked) :SAVE :DATA? :DATE “<string>” :DATE? :NDUE “<string>” :NDUE? :LLEVel

:SWITch?

Save cal constants to EEPROM. Download cal constants from 2001. Send cal date to 2001. Request cal date from 2001. Send next due cal date to 2001. Request next due cal date from 2001. Low-level calibration subsystem.

Request low-level CAL switch state. (0 = locked; 1 = unlocked)

:STEP <Step #>

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

:CALCulate

:DC

:ZERO :LOW <value> :HIGH <value> :LOHM <value> :HOHM <value> :OPEN :CALCulate

:UNPRotected

:ACCompensation

NOTE: Upper case letters indicated short form of each command. For example, instead of sending “:CALibration:PROTected:LOCK”, you can send “:CAL:PROT:LOCK”.

20V AC at 1kHz step.

20V AC at 30kHz step.

200V AC at 1kHz step.

200V AC at 30kHz

1.5V AC at 1kHz step.

0.2V AC at 1kHz step.

5mV AC at 100kHz step.

0.5mV AC at 1kHz step.

+2V DC step.

-2V DC step.

0V DC step.

20mA AC at 1kHz step.

+0.2A DC step.

+2A DC step.

2V AC at 1Hz step.

Calculate low-level cal constants.

User calibration subsystem.

Low-thermal short calibration step.

+2V DC calibration step.

+20V DC calibration step.

20k¾ calibration step.

1M¾ calibration step.

Open circuit calibration step.

Calculate DC cal constants.

All commands in this subsystem are not protected by CAL switch.

Perform user AC calibration (disconnect all cables)

2-3

Calibration

2.6.2 Required order of command execution

When calibrating from the front panel, the Model 2001 will automatically prompt you in the correct order for various calibration steps. When calibrating over the IEEE-488 bus, however, the calibration sequence is determined by the order in which commands are received. Note that the Model 2001 must receive calibration commands in a specific order as covered below.

Comprehensive calibration

The following rules must be observed when sending bus commands to perform comprehensive calibration. These rules assume that comprehensive calibration has been enabled by pressing the CAL switch after instrument power is turned on.

1. The Model 2001 must execute all commands in the :CAL:PROT:DC subsystem before the :CAL:PROT:DC:CALC command will be executed. Commands in the :CAL:PROT:DC subsystem can be sent in any order with the exception of the CALC command.

2. The Model 2001 must execute the following commands before it will execute the :CAL:PROT:SAVE command:

• All :CAL:PROT:DC subsystem commands.

• The :CAL:PROT:DATE command.

• The :CAL:PROT:NDUE command.

lowing you to repeat a calibration step if necessary. The next low-level step in numerical order is always valid.

4. The Model 2001 must execute the following commands before it will execute the :CAL:PROT:SAVE command:

• All :CAL:PROT:DC subsystem commands.

• The :CAL:UNPR:ACC command.

• All :CAL:PROT:LLEV subsystem commands.

• The :CAL:PROT:DATE command.

• The :CAL:PROT:NDUE command.

2.6.3 Example calibration command program

Program 2-1 below will allow you to type in calibration commands and send them to the instrument. If the command is a query, the information will be requested from the instrument and displayed on the computer screen. The program uses the *OPC command to detect the end of each calibration step, as discussed in paragraph 3.6 in Section 3.

NOTE

See Appendix B for a summary of complete calibration programs.

Program requirements

In order to use this program, you will need the following:

Low-level calibration

The following rules must be observed when sending commands to perform low-level calibration. These rules assume that low-level calibration has been enabled by pressing the CAL switch while turning on instrument power.

1. The Model 2001 must execute all commands in the :CAL:PROT:DC subsystem before the :CAL:PROT:DC:CALC command will be executed. Commands in the :CAL:PROT:DC subsystem can be executed in any order (except for CALC).

2. The Model 2001 must execute all commands in the :CAL:PROT:DC subsystem, and it must execute the :CAL:UNPR:AC command before it will execute any of the low-level commands.

3. There are a total of 15 low-level calibration steps, all of which must be executed before the :CAL:PROT:LLEV:CALC command will be executed. The 15 low-level calibration steps must be executed in order (step 1 through step 15).

Step 1 is always a valid next step, which allows you to restart the low-level calibration procedure at any time. Similarly, the present step is always a valid next step, al-

• IBM PC, AT, or compatible computer.

• IOtech Personal488, CEC PC-488, or National Instruments PC-II or IIA IEEE-488 interface for the computer.

• Shielded IEEE-488 cable (Keithley Model 7007)

• MS-DOS or PC-DOS version 3.3 or later.

• Microsoft QuickBASIC, version 4.0 or later.

• IOtech Driver488 IEEE-488 bus driver, Rev. 2.3 or later. (NOTE: Later versions of Driver488 may not support other manufacturers’ interface cards.)

Program instructions

1. With the power off, connect the Model 2001 to the IEEE-488 interface of the computer.

2. Turn on the computer and the Model 2001. Press in on the CAL switch to unlock calibration.

3. Make sure the Model 2001 is set for a primary address of 16. You can check or change the address as follows: A. Press MENU, select GPIB, then press ENTER.

B. Select MODE, then press ENTER. C. Select ADDRESSABLE, and press ENTER.

2-4

Calibration

D. If the address is set correctly, press EXIT as neces-

sary to return to normal display.

E. To change the address, use the cursor and range keys

to set the address to the desired value, then press ENTER. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display.

4. Make sure that the IEEE-488 bus driver software is properly initialized.

5. Enter the QuickBASIC editor, and type in the example program. After checking for errors, press <Shift> + <F5> to run it.

6. Type in the desired calibration command from the procedure (see paragraph 2.8.3), then press <Enter>.

2.7 Calibration errors

The Model 2001 checks for errors when calibration constants are calculated, minimizing the possibility that improper calibration may occur due to operator error. The following paragraphs summarize calibration error messages and discuss bus error reporting.

2.7.1 Front panel error message summary

Table 2-2 summarizes front panel calibration error messages that may occur because of improper connections or procedure.

NOTE

There are many more error messages that could occur because of internal hardware problems. Refer to Appendix C for a complete listing of all Model 2001 calibration error messages.

Table 2-2

Calibration error messages

Error ID code Error message

-222 +438 +439 +440

NOTE: This table lists only those errors that could occur because of some external problem such as improper connections or wrong procedure. See Appendix C for a complete listing of all error messages.

Parameter data out of range. Date of calibration not set. Next date of calibration not set. Calibration process not completed.

Program 2-1

Example Program to Send Calibration Commands

OPEN “\DEV\IEEEOUT” FOR OUTPUT AS #1 ‘ Open IEEE-488 output path.

OPEN “\DEV\IEEEIN” FOR INPUT AS #2 ‘ Open IEEE-488 input path.

IOCTL #1, “BREAK” ‘ Reset interface. PRINT #1, “RESET” ‘ Warm start interface. PRINT #1, “REMOTE 16” ‘ Put unit in remote. PRINT #1, “TERM LF EOI” ‘ Set terminator. PRINT #1, “OUTPUT 16;*RST;*ESE 1” ‘ Initialize 2001. CLS ‘ Clear CRT. Cmd: LINE INPUT “COMMAND? ”; A$ IF RIGHT$(A$, 1) = “?” THEN GOTO Query ‘ Check for a query. PRINT #1, “OUTPUT 16;*CLS” ‘ Clear status registers. PRINT #1, “OUTPUT 16;”; A$; “;*OPC” ‘ Send command to unit. Cal: PRINT #1, “SPOLL 16” ‘ Check for completed cal. INPUT #2, S IF (S AND 32) = 0 THEN GOTO Cal: GOTO Cmd Query: PRINT #1, “OUTPUT 16;”; A$ ‘ Send query to unit. PRINT #1, “ENTER 16” ‘ Address unit to talk. LINE INPUT #2, B$ ‘ Input response from unit. PRINT B$

2-5

Calibration

2.7.2 IEEE-488 bus error reporting

You can detect errors over the bus by testing the state of EAV (Error Available) bit (bit 2) in the status byte. (Use the *STB? query or serial polling to request the status byte.) If you wish to generate an SRQ (Service Request) on errors, send “*SRE 4” to the instrument to enable SRQ on errors.

You can query the instrument for the type of error by using the “:SYSTem:ERRor?” query. The Model 2001 will respond with the error number and a text message describing the nature of the error.

See paragraph 3.5 in Section 3 for more information on bus error reporting.

2.8 Comprehensive calibration

The comprehensive calibration procedure calibrates DCV, DCI (except for the 2A range), ¾2, and ¾4 functions. At the end of the DC calibration procedure, AC self-calibration is performed to complete the calibration process.

Comprehensive calibration should be performed at least once a year, or every 90 days to ensure the unit meets the corresponding specifications.

The comprehensive calibration procedure covered in this paragraph is normally the only calibration required in the field. However, if the unit has been repaired, you should perform the low-level calibration procedure explained in paragraph 2.10.

2.8.1 Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration

Table 2-3 lists all test equipment recommended for comprehensive calibration. Alternate equipment (such as a DC transfer standard and characterized resistors) may be used as long as that equipment has specifications at least as good as those listed in the table. See Appendix D for a list of alternate calibration sources.

NOTE

Do not connect test equipment to the Model 2001 through a scanner.

2.8.2 Front panel comprehensive calibration

Follow the steps below to calibrate the Model 2001 from the front panel. Refer to paragraph 2.8.3 below for the procedure to calibrate the unit over the IEEE-488 bus. Table 2-4 summarizes the front panel calibration procedure.

Table 2-4

Front panel comprehensive calibration summary

Equipment/

Step Description

Warm-up, unlock calibration

DC zero calibration

+2VDC calibration

+20VDC calibration

20k¾ calibration

1M¾ calibration

Open-circuit calibration

AC self-calibration

Enter calibration dates

Save calibration constants

connections

None Low-thermal short DC calibrator DC calibrator Ohms calibrator Ohms calibrator Disconnect leads Disconnect leads None None

2-6

Table 2-3

Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration

Mfg. Model Description Specifications*

Fluke

Keithley

* 90-day calibrator specifications shown include total uncertainty at specified output. The 2V output includes 0.5ppm transfer uncertainty. Use 20k¾ instead of 19k¾ if available with alternate resistance standard. See Appendix D for a list of alternate calibration sources.

5700A

8610

Calibrator

Low-thermal shorting plug

±5ppm basic uncertainty. DC voltage:

2V: ±5ppm 20V: ±5ppm

Resistance:

19k¾: ±11ppm 1M¾: ±18ppm

Calibration

Procedure

Step 1: Prepare the Model 2001 for calibration

1. Turn on the power, and allow the Model 2001 to warm up for at least one hour before performing calibration.

2. Unlock comprehensive calibration by briefly pressing in on the recessed front panel CAL switch, and verify that the following message is displayed:

CALIBRATION UNLOCKED

Comprehensive calibration can now be run

3. Enter the front panel calibration menu as follows: A. From normal display, press MENU. B. Select CALIBRATION, and press ENTER. C. Select COMPREHENSIVE, then press ENTER.

4. At this point, the instrument will display the following message:

DC CALIBRATION PHASE

Step 2: DC zero calibration

1. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the following prompt.

SHORT-CIRCUIT INPUTS

2. Connect the Model 8610 low-thermal short to the instrument INPUT and SENSE terminals, as shown in Figure 2-1. Wait at least three minutes before proceeding to allow for thermal equilibrium.

NOTE

Be sure to connect the low-thermal short properly to the HI, LO, and SENSE terminals. Keep drafts away from low-thermal connections to avoid thermal drift, which could affect calibration accuracy.

3. Press ENTER. The instrument will then begin DC zero calibration. While calibration is in progress, the following will be displayed:

Performing Short-Ckt Calibration

2001 MULTIMETER

RANGE

AUTO

RANGE

S+ HI

SENSE

INPUT

Ω 4 WIRE

350V

1100V

PEAK

500V

INPUTS

PEAK

FRONT/REAR

2A 250V

AMPS

CAL

Model 8610 Low-thermal short

Model 2001

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4 FREQ TEMP

DISPLAY

REL TRIG STORE RECALL

POWER

INFO LOCAL CHAN SCAN CONFIG MENU EXIT ENTER

FILTER MATH

LOS-

Figure 2-1

Low-thermal short connections

Step 3: +2V DC calibration

1. When the DC zero calibration step is completed, the following message will be displayed:

CONNECT 2 VDC CAL

2. Disconnect the low-thermal short, and connect the DC calibrator to the INPUT jacks, as shown in Figure 2-2.

NOTE

Although 4-wire connections are shown, the sense leads are connected and disconnected at various points in the procedure by turning calibrator external sense on or off as appropriate. If your calibrator does not have provisions for turning external sense on and off, disconnect the sense leads when external sensing is to be turned off, and connect the sense leads when external sensing is to be turned on.

3. Set the calibrator output to +2.0000000V, and turn external sense off.

4. Press ENTER, and note that the Model 2001 displays the presently selected calibration voltage:

VOLTAGE = 2.0000000

(At this point, you can use the cursor and range keys to set the calibration voltage to a value from 0.98 to 2.1V if your calibrator cannot source 2V).

NOTE

For best results, it is recommended that you use the displayed calibration values throughout the procedure whenever possible.

5. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the following during calibration:

2-7

Calibration

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4

DISPLAY

REL TRIG STORE RECALL

POWER

INFO LOCAL CHAN SCAN CONFIG MENU EXIT ENTER

Model 2001

2001 MULTIMETER

FREQ TEMP

FILTER MATH

Sense LO

5700A Calibrator

Sense HI

SENSE

INPUT

Ω 4 WIRE

350V

1100V

PEAK

500V PEAK

INPUTS

RANGE

FRONT/REAR

AUTO

RANGE

2A 250V

AMPS

CAL

Input HI

Input LO

Sense HI

Output HI

Output LO

Note: Use shielded cables to minimize noise. Enable or disable calibrator external sense as indicated in procedure. Use internal Guard (EX GRD LED is off).

Figure 2-2

Connections for comprehensive calibration

Performing 2 VDC Calibration

Step 4: +20V DC calibration

1. After completing 2VDC calibration, the instrument will display the following:

CONNECT 20 VDC CAL

2. Set the DC calibrator output to +20.000000V.

3. Press ENTER, and note that the instrument displays the calibration voltage:

VOLTAGE = 20.0000000

(At this point, you can use the cursor and range keys to set the calibration voltage to a value from 9.8 to 21V if your calibrator cannot source 20V).

4. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the following message to indicate it is performing 20V DC calibration:

Performing 20 VDC Calibration

Step 5: 20k¾ calibration

1. After completing 20VDC calibration, the instrument will display the following:

CONNECT 20kOHM RES

2. Set the calibrator output to 19.0000k¾, and turn external sense on.

3. Press ENTER, and note that the Model 2001 displays the resistance calibration value:

OHMS = 20000.000

Ground link installed.

4. Using the cursor and range keys, set the resistance value displayed by the Model 2001 to the exact resistance value displayed by the calibrator. (The allowable range is from 9k¾ to 21k¾.)

5. Press ENTER, and note that the instrument displays the following during 20k¾ calibration:

Performing 20 kOHM Calibration

Step 6: 1M¾ calibration

1. After completing 20k¾ calibration, the instrument will display the following:

CONNECT 1.0 MOHM RES

2. Set the calibrator output to 1.00000M¾, and turn external sense off.

3. Press ENTER, and note that the Model 2001 displays the resistance calibration value:

OHMS = 1000000.000

4. Using the cursor and range keys, set the resistance value displayed by the Model 2001 to the exact resistance value displayed by the calibrator. (The allowable range for this parameter is from 800k¾ to 2M¾.)

5. Press ENTER, and note that the instrument displays the following during 1M¾ calibration:

Performing 1.0 MOHM Calibration

Step 7: Open-circuit calibration

1. At this point, the instrument will display the following message advising you to disconnect test leads:

OPEN CIRCUIT INPUTS

2-8

Calibration

2. Disconnect all test leads from the INPUT and SENSE jacks, then press ENTER. During this calibration phase, the instrument will display the following:

Performing Open-Ckt Calibration

Step 8: AC self-calibration

1. After open circuit calibration, the instrument will display the following message:

AC CALIBRATION PHASE

2. Make sure all test leads are still disconnected from the Model 2001 INPUT and SENSE jacks.

3. Press ENTER to perform AC calibration, which will take about six minutes to complete. During AC calibration, the instrument will display the following:

Calibrating AC: Please wait

4. When AC calibration is finished, the instrument will display the following:

AC CAL COMPLETE

Step 9: Enter calibration dates

1. Press ENTER, and note that the instrument prompts you to enter the present calibration date:

CAL DATE: 01/01/92

2. Use the cursor and range keys to enter the current date as the calibration date, then press ENTER. Press ENTER again to confirm the date as being correct.

3. The instrument will then prompt you to enter the due date for next calibration:

NEXT CAL: 01/01/93

4. Use the cursor and range keys to set the date as desired, then press ENTER. Press ENTER a second time to confirm your selection.

Step 10: Save calibration constants

1. At the end of a successful calibration cycle, the instrument will display the following:

CALIBRATION SUCCESS

2. If you wish to save calibration constants from the procedure just completed, press ENTER.

3. If you do not want to save calibration constants from the procedure just completed and wish instead to restore previous constants, press EXIT.

4. Press EXIT to return to normal display after calibration.

NOTE

Comprehensive calibration will be automatically locked out after the calibration procedure has been completed.

2.8.3 IEEE-488 bus comprehensive calibration

Follow the procedure outlined below to perform comprehensive calibration over the IEEE-488 bus. Use the program listed in paragraph 2.6.3 or other similar program to send commands to the instrument. Table 2-5 summarizes the calibration procedure and bus commands.

Procedure

Step 1: Prepare the Model 2001 for calibration

1. Connect the Model 2001 to the IEEE-488 bus of the computer using a shielded IEEE-488 cable such as the Keithley Model 7007.

2. Turn on the power, and allow the Model 2001 to warm up for at least one hour before performing calibration.

3. Unlock calibration by briefly pressing in on the recessed front panel CAL switch, and verify that the following message is displayed:

CALIBRATION UNLOCKED

Comprehensive calibration can now be run

NOTE

You can query the instrument for the state of the comprehensive CAL switch by using the following query:

:CAL:PROT:SWIT?

A returned value of 1 indicates that calibration is locked, while a returned value of 0 shows that calibration is unlocked.

4. Make sure the primary address of the Model 2001 is the same as the address specified in the program you will be using to send commands (see paragraph 2.6.3).

2-9

Calibration

Table 2-5

IEEE-488 bus comprehensive calibration summary

Step Description IEEE-488 bus command

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14

Warm-up, unlock calibration DC zero calibration +2VDC calibration +20VDC calibration 20k¾ calibration 1M¾ calibration Open-circuit calibration Calculate constants Check for errors Perform user AC cal Check for errors Save calibration dates

Save calibration constants Lock out calibration

Step 2: DC zero calibration

1. Connect the Model 8610 low-thermal short to the instrument INPUT and SENSE terminals, as shown in Figure 2-1. Wait at least three minutes before proceeding to allow for thermal equilibrium.

NOTE

Be sure to properly connect HI, LO, and SENSE terminals. Keep drafts away from low-thermal connections to avoid thermal drift, which could affect calibration accuracy.

2. Send the following command over the bus:

:CAL:PROT:DC:ZERO

3. Wait until the Model 2001 finishes this calibration step before proceeding. (You can use the *OPC or *OPC? commands to determine when calibration steps end, as discussed in paragraph 3.6.)

NOTE

2. Set the DC calibrator output to +2.00000V, and turn external sense off.

3. Send the following command to the Model 2001 over the IEEE-488 bus:

:CAL:PROT:DC:LOW 2.0

(Be sure to use the exact calibration value if you are using a voltage other than 2V. The allowable range from is

0.98V to 2.1V).

Step 3: +2V DC calibration

1. Disconnect the low-thermal short, and connect the DC calibrator to the INPUT jacks, as shown in Figure 2-2.

2-10

NOTE

For best results, use the calibration values given in this procedure whenever possible.

4. Wait until the Model 2001 finishes this step before going on.

Calibration

Step 4: +20V DC calibration

1. Set the DC calibrator output to +20.00000V.

2. Send the following command to the instrument:

:CAL:PROT:DC:HIGH 20

(Send the actual calibration value in the range of 9.8V to 21V if you are using a different voltage.)

3. Wait until the Model 2001 finishes this step before going on.

Step 5: 20k¾ calibration

1. Set the calibrator output to 19.0000k¾, and turn external sense on.

NOTE

If your calibrator can source 20k¾, use that value instead of the 19k¾ value.

2. Send the following command to the Model 2001:

:CAL:PROT:DC:LOHM <value>

Here, <value> is the actual calibrator resistance value. For example, if the calibrator resistance is 18.9987k¾, the command would appear as follows:

:CAL:PROT:DC:LOHM 18.9987E3

(The allowable range for this parameter is from 9E3 to 20E3.)

2. Send the following command to the instrument:

:CAL:PROT:DC:OPEN

3. Wait until open-circuit calibration is complete before going on to the next step.

Step 8: Calculate DC calibration constants

To program the Model 2001 to calculate new DC calibration constants, send the following command over the bus:

:CAL:PROT:DC:CALC

Step 9: Check for DC calibration errors

You can check for DC calibration errors over the bus by sending the following query:

:SYST:ERR?

If no errors are reported, DC calibration is successful, and you can proceed to the next step.

Step 10: Perform AC user calibration

To perform user AC calibration, send the following command:

:CAL:UNPR:ACC

Note that AC calibration will take about six minutes to complete.

3. Wait until the Model 2001 finishes 20k¾ calibration before continuing.

Step 6: 1M¾ calibration

1. Set the calibrator output to 1.0000M¾, and turn external sense off.

2. Send the following command to the Model 2001:

:CAL:PROT:DC:HOHM <value>

Here, <value> is the actual calibrator resistance value. For example, if the calibrator resistance is 1.00023M¾, the command would appear as follows:

:CAL:PROT:DC:HOHM 1.00023E6

(The allowable range for this parameter is from 800E3 to 2E6.)

3. Wait until the Model 2001 finishes 1M¾ calibration before continuing.

Step 7. Open-circuit calibration

1. Disconnect all test leads from the Model 2001 INPUT and SENSE jacks.

Step 11: Check for AC calibration errors

To check for AC calibration errors, send the following query:

SYST:ERR?

If the unit sends back a “No error” response, AC calibration was successful.

Step 12: Enter calibration dates

To set the calibration date and next due date, use following commands to do so:

:CAL:PROT:DATE ‘1/01/92’ (programs calibration date) :CAL:PROT:NDUE ‘1/01/93’ (programs next calibration due

date)

Step 13: Save calibration constants

Calibration is now complete, so you can store the calibration constants in EEROM by sending the following command:

:CAL:PROT:SAVE

2-11

Calibration

Step 14: Lock out calibration

To lock out further calibration, send the following command after completing the calibration procedure:

:CAL:PROT:LOCK

2.9 AC self-calibration

The AC self-calibration procedure requires no external equipment and can be performed at any time by the user. As the name implies, this calibration procedure assures the accuracy of ACI and ACV measurements.

In general, AC calibration should be performed one-hour after power-on or at least once every 24 hours for optimum AC measurement accuracy.

NOTE

The AC calibration constants generated by this procedure are not permanently stored. Thus, AC calibration constants are in effect only until the power is turned off. In order to permanently store AC calibration constants, you must perform the comprehensive or low-level calibration procedure and then choose to save calibration constants at the end of that procedure. See paragraph 2.8 or 2.10 for details.

2.9.1 Front panel AC calibration

Procedure:

1. Disconnect all test leads or cables from the INPUT and SENSE jacks.

2. Press MENU. The instrument will display the following:

MAIN MENU

SAVESETUP GPIB CALIBRATION

3. Select CALIBRATION, then press ENTER. The Model 2001 will display the following:

PERFORM CALIBRATION

COMPREHENSIVE AC-ONLY-CAL

5. Press ENTER to begin AC calibration, which will take about six minutes to complete. During AC calibration, the instrument will display the following:

Calibrating AC: Please wait

6. Once the process has been successfully completed, the message below will be displayed, and you can press ENTER or EXIT to return to normal display:

AC CAL COMPLETE

Press ENTER or EXIT to continue.

2.9.2 IEEE-488 bus AC self-calibration

Procedure:

1. Disconnect all test leads and cables from the INPUT and SENSE jacks.

2. Send the following command over the bus:

:CAL:UNPR:ACC

3. Wait until calibration has been completed before sending any further commands.

4. Check for calibration errors by using the :SYST:ERR? query.

2.10 Low-level calibration

Low-level calibration is normally performed only at the factory when the instrument is manufactured and is not usually required in the field. The following paragraphs give detailed procedures for performing low-level calibration should it ever become necessary in the field.

NOTE

Low-level calibration is required in the field only if the Model 2001 has been repaired, or if the other calibration procedures cannot bring the instrument within stated specifications. The low-level calibration procedure includes the comprehensive calibration steps discussed in paragraph 2.8. Comprehensive calibration steps must be performed before performing the low-level calibration steps.

4. Select AC-ONLY-CAL, then press ENTER. The instrument will display the following message:

AC CALIBRATION PHASE

Open-circuit inputs, press ENTER

2-12

Calibration

2.10.1 Recommended equipment for low-level calibration

Table 2-6 summarizes recommended equipment for low-level calibration. Alternate equipment may be used as long as corresponding specifications are at least as good as those listed in the table. See Appendix D for a list of alternate calibration sources.

Table 2-6

Recommended equipment for low-level calibration

Mfg. Model Description Specifications*

Fluke 5700A Calibrator ±5ppm basic uncertainty.

2.10.2 Low-level calibration summary

Table 2-7 summarizes the steps necessary to complete the low-level calibration procedure. The procedure must be performed in the order shown in the table. Calibration commands shown are to be used when calibrating the unit over the IEEE-488 bus.

DC voltage:

0V: ±0.75µV

-2V, +2V: ±5ppm 20V: ±5ppm

DC current:

200mA: ±65ppm 2A: ±90ppm

AC voltage:

0.5mV @ 1kHz: ±10000ppm 5mV @ 100kHz: ±2400ppm 200mV @ 1kHz: ±150ppm

1.5V @ 1kHz: ±80ppm 20V @ 1kHz: ±80ppm 20V @ 30kHz: ±140ppm 200V @ 1kHz: ±85ppm 200V @ 30kHz: ±240ppm

AC current:

20mA @ 1kHz: ±160ppm

Resistance:

19k¾: ±11ppm

1M¾: ±18ppm Keithley 3930A Synthesizer 2V rms @ 1Hz Keithley 8610 Low-thermal shorting plug

* 90-day calibrator specifications shown include total uncertainty at specified output. The ±2V outputs include 0.5ppm transfer uncertainty. See Appendix D for a list of alternate calibration sources.

2-13

Calibration

Table 2-7

Low-level calibration summary

Calibration signal Calibration command Comments

Low-thermal short +2V DC +20V DC 20k¾ 1M¾ Disconnect leads None None None None 20V AC @ 1kHz 20V AC @ 30kHz 200V AC @ 1kHz 200V AC @ 30kHz

1.5V AC @ 1kHz 200mV AC @ 1kHz 5mV AC @ 100kHz

0.5mV AC @ 1kHz +2V DC

-2V DC 0V DC 20mA AC @ 1kHz +200mA DC +2A DC 2V rms @ 1Hz None None None None None None

:CAL:PROT:DC:ZERO :CAL:PROT:DC:LOW <value> :CAL:PROT:DC:HIGH <value> :CAL:PROT:DC:LOHM <value> :CAL:PROT:DC:HOHM <value> :CAL:PROT:DC:OPEN :CAL:PROT:DC:CALC :SYST:ERR? :CAL:UNPR:ACC :SYST:ERR? :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 1 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 2 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 3 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 4 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 5 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 6 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 7 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 8 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 9 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 10 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 11 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 12 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 13 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 14 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 15 :CAL:PROT:LLEV:CALC :SYST:ERR? :CAL:PROT:DATE “<date>” :CAL:PROT:NDUE “<due>” :CAL:PROT:SAVE :CAL:PROT:LOCK

Comprehensive cal zero. Comprehensive cal 2V. Comprehensive cal 20V. Comprehensive cal 20k¾. Comprehensive cal 1M¾. Comprehensive cal open. Calculate constants. Check for DC errors. AC user calibration. Check for AC errors. Low-level Step 1. Low-level Step 2. Low-level Step 3. Low-level Step 4. Low-level Step 5. Low-level Step 6. Low-level Step 7. Low-level Step 8. Low-level Step 9. Low-level Step 10. Low-level Step 11. Low-level Step 12. Low-level Step 13. Low-level Step 14. Low-level Step 15. Calculate constants. Check for errors. Program cal date Program cal due date. Save constants. Lock out calibration.

2-14

Calibration

2.10.3 Front panel low-level calibration procedure

Follow the steps below to perform low-level calibration from the front panel.

Procedure

1. Turn off the power if the instrument is presently turned on.

2. While pressing in on the recessed CAL switch, turn on the power. The instrument will display the following to indicated it is ready for low-level calibration:

MANUFACTURING CAL

3. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the following:

DC CALIBRATION PHASE

4. Allow the Model 2001 to warm up for at least one hour before performing calibration.

5. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the following prompt.

SHORT-CIRCUIT INPUTS

6. Connect the Model 8610 low-thermal short to the instrument INPUT and SENSE terminals, as shown in Figure 2-1. Wait three minutes before proceeding to allow for thermal equilibrium.

(At this point, you can use the cursor and range keys to set the calibration voltage to a value from 0.98 to 2.1V if your calibrator cannot output 2V).

12. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the following during calibration:

Performing 2 VDC Calibration

13. After completing 2VDC calibration, the instrument will display the following:

CONNECT 20 VDC CAL

14. Set the DC calibrator output to +20.00000V.

15. Press ENTER, and note that the instrument displays the calibration voltage:

VOLTAGE = 20.000000

(At this point, you can use the cursor and range keys to set the calibration voltage to a value from 9.8 to 21V if your calibrator cannot output 20V).

16. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the following message to indicate it is performing 20V DC calibration:

Performing 20 VDC Calibration

17. After completing 20VDC calibration, the instrument will display the following:

CONNECT 20kOHM RES

NOTE

Be sure to properly connect HI, LO, and SENSE terminals. Keep drafts away from low-thermal connections to avoid thermal drift, which could affect calibration accuracy.

7. Press ENTER. The instrument will then begin DC zero calibration. While calibration is in progress, the following will be displayed:

Performing Short-Ckt Calibration

8. When the DC zero calibration step is completed, the following message will be displayed:

CONNECT 2 VDC CAL

9. Disconnect the low-thermal short, and connect the DC calibrator to the INPUT jacks, as shown in Figure 2-2.

10. Set the DC calibrator output to +2.00000V, and make sure that external sense is turned off.

11. Press ENTER, and note that the Model 2001 displays the presently selected calibration voltage:

VOLTAGE = 2.0000000

18. Set the calibrator output to 19.0000k¾, and turn external sense on. (Allowable range is from 9k¾ to 20k¾.)

19. Press ENTER, and note that the Model 2001 displays the resistance calibration value:

OHMS = 20000.000

20. Using the cursor and range keys, set the resistance value displayed by the Model 2001 to the exact resistance value displayed by the calibrator.

21. Press ENTER, and note that the instrument displays the following during 20k¾ calibration:

Performing 20 kOHM Calibration

22. After completing 20k¾ calibration, the instrument will display the following:

CONNECT 1.0 MOHM RES

23. Set the calibrator output to 1.00000M¾, and turn external sense off. (Allowable range is 800k¾ to 2M¾.)

24. Press ENTER, and note that the Model 2001 displays the resistance calibration value:

OHMS = 1000000.00

25. Using the cursor keys, set the resistance value displayed by the Model 2001 to the exact resistance value displayed by the calibrator.

2-15

Calibration

26. Press ENTER, and note that the instrument displays the following during 1M¾ calibration:

Performing 1.0 MOhm Calibration

27. At this point, the instrument will display the following message advising you to disconnect test leads:

OPEN CIRCUIT INPUTS

28. Disconnect all test leads from the INPUT and SENSE jacks, then press ENTER. During this calibration phase, the instrument will display the following:

Performing Open-Ckt Calibration

29. After open circuit calibration, the instrument will display the following message:

AC CALIBRATION PHASE

30. Make sure all test leads are still disconnected from the Model 2001 INPUT and SENSE jacks.

31. Press ENTER to perform AC calibration, which will take a while to complete. During AC calibration, the instrument will display the following:

Calibrating AC: Please wait

32. After the AC calibration phase is completed, the instrument will display the following:

AC CAL COMPLETE

34. Connect the calibrator to the INPUT terminals, as shown in Figure 2-3.

35. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the following:

Connect 20V @ 1kHz

36. Set the calibrator to output 20V AC at a frequency of 1kHz, then press ENTER. The instrument will display the following:

Low-Level Cal - Step 1 of 15

37. Next, the instrument will prompt for a new calibration signal:

Connect 20V @ 30kHz

38. Program the calibrator for an output voltage of 20V AC at 30kHz, then press ENTER. The instrument will display the following while calibrating this step:

Low-Level Cal - Step 2 of 15

39. The Model 2001 will then display:

Connect 200V @ 1kHz

40. Set the calibrator output to 200V AC at a frequency of 1kHz, then press ENTER. The Model 2001 will display the following message:

Low-Level Cal - Step 3 of 15

33. Press ENTER. The instrument will display the following to indicate the start of the low-level calibration phase:

LOW-LEVEL CAL PHASE

NOTE

Use the exact calibration values shown when performing the following steps.

Model 2001

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4

DISPLAY

REL TRIG STORE RECALL

POWER

INFO LOCAL CHAN SCAN CONFIG MENU EXIT ENTER

FILTER MATH

Figure 2-3

Calibration voltage connections

2001 MULTIMETER

FREQ TEMP

SENSE

Ω 4 WIRE

350V PEAK

INPUTS

RANGE

FRONT/REAR

AUTO

RANGE

CAL

Input HI

INPUT

1100V PEAK

500V PEAK

2A 250V

AMPS

Output HI

Input LO

Output LO

Note: Use internal Guard (EX GRD LED is off).

41. When finished with this step, the Model 2001 will display:

Connect 200V @ 30kHz

42. Set the calibrator output to 200V AC at 30kHz, then press ENTER. The Model 2001 will display the following:

Low-Level Cal - Step 4 of 15

5700A Calibrator

Ground link installed.

2-16

Calibration

43. The unit will then prompt for the next calibration signal:

Connect 1.5V @ 1kHz

44. Set the calibrator for 1.5V AC at a frequency of 1kHz, then press ENTER. The Model 2001 will display the following:

Low-Level Cal - Step 5 of 15

45. After step 5, the unit will display the following:

Connect 200mV @ 1kHz

46. Program the calibrator to output 200mV at a frequency of 1kHz, then press ENTER. The Model 2001 will then display the following:

Low-Level Cal - Step 6 of 15

47. When finished with step 6, the unit will display the following:

Connect 5mV @ 100kHz

48. Set the calibrator to output 5mV at a frequency of 100kHz, then press ENTER. The Model 2001 will then display the following while calibrating:

Low-Level Cal - Step 7 of 15

49. Following step 7, the instrument will display the following message to prompt for the next calibration signal:

Connect 0.5mV @ 1kHz

50. Program the calibrator to output 0.5mV at 1kHz, then press ENTER. The unit will display the following inprogress message:

Low-Level Cal - Step 8 of 15

52. Set the calibrator to output +2V DC, then press the ENTER key. The Model 2001 will advise you that the present step is in progress:

Low-Level Cal - Step 9 of 15

53. After this step has been completed, the unit will display the following:

Connect -2 VDC

54. Set the calibrator for an output voltage of -2V DC, then press ENTER. The Model 2001 will display the following message:

Low-Level Cal - Step 10 of 15

55. The Model 2001 will then prompt for the next calibration signal:

Set calibrator to 0V

56. Program the calibrator to output 0 VDC, then press the ENTER key. The Model 2001 will display the following:

Low-Level Cal - Step 11 of 15

57. After completing step 11, the unit will display the following:

Connect 20mA @ 1kHz

58. Connect the calibrator to the AMPS and INPUT LO jacks, as shown in Figure 2-4.

59. Set the calibrator output to 20mA AC at a frequency of 1kHz, then press the ENTER key. The Model 2001 will display the following while calibrating:

Low-Level Cal - Step 12 of 15

51. Next, the unit will prompt for the next calibration signal:

Connect +2 VDC

Model 2001

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4

DISPLAY

REL TRIG STORE RECALL

POWER

INFO LOCAL CHAN SCAN CONFIG MENU EXIT ENTER

Figure 2-4

Current calibration connections

2001 MULTIMETER

FREQ TEMP

FILTER MATH

SENSE

Ω 4 WIRE

350V PEAK

INPUTS

RANGE

FRONT/REAR

AUTO

RANGE

CAL

Input

INPUT

1100V PEAK

500V PEAK

2A 250V

AMPS

Output HI

Amps

Output LO

Note: Be sure calibrator is set for normal current output.

Use internal Guard (EX GRD LED is off).

60. The unit will then prompt for the next calibration signal:

Connect +0.2ADC

5700A Calibrator

Ground link installed.

2-17

Calibration

61. Program the calibrator to output +200mA DC, then press then ENTER key. The Model 2001 will display the following while calibrating:

Low-Level Cal - Step 13 of 15

62. The Model 2001 will prompt for the next calibration signal:

Connect +2 ADC

63. Program the calibrator to output +2A DC, then press the ENTER key. During calibration, the instrument will display the following:

Low-Level Cal - Step 14 of 15

64. The unit will then prompt for the last calibration signal:

Connect 2 V at 1 Hz

65. Put the calibrator in standby, then disconnect it from the Model 2001 INPUT and AMPS jacks; connect the synthesizer to INPUT HI and LO, as shown in Figure 2-5.

66. Set synthesizer operation modes as follows: FCTN: sine

FREQ: 1Hz AMPTD: 2Vrms MODE: CONT

67. Press the Model 2001 ENTER key. The instrument will display the following while calibrating:

Low-Level Cal - Step 15 of 15

68. After step 15 is completed, the instrument will display the following message to indicate that calibration has been completed:

CALIBRATION COMPLETE

69. Press ENTER. The instrument will prompt you to enter the calibration date:

CAL DATE: 01/01/92

70. Use the cursor and range keys to set the date as desired, then press ENTER. Press ENTER a second time to confirm your date selection.

71. The Model 2001 will then prompt you to enter the calibration due date:

NEXT CAL: 01/01/92

72. Use the cursor keys to set the date as desired, then press ENTER. Press ENTER again to confirm your date.

73. The Model 2001 will then display the following message:

CALIBRATION SUCCESS

74. If you wish to save the new calibration constants, press ENTER. If, on the other hand, you wish to restore previous calibration constants, press EXIT.

75. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display.

NOTE

Calibration will be locked out automatically when the calibration procedure is completed.

2.10.4 IEEE-488 bus low-level calibration

procedure

Follow the steps below to perform low-level calibration over the IEEE-488 bus. Table 2-7 summarizes calibration commands for the procedure.

Model 2001

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4 FREQ TEMP

DISPLAY

REL TRIG STORE RECALL

POWER

INFO LOCAL CHAN SCAN CONFIG MENU EXIT ENTER

Figure 2-5

Synthesizer connections

2-18

FILTER MATH

2001 MULTIMETER

RANGE

AUTO

RANGE

BNC-to-Dual

Banana Plug

Model 3930A Synthesizer

3930A MULTIFUNCTION SYNTHESIZER

Adapter

SENSE

INPUT

Ω 4 WIRE

350V

1100V

PEAK

500V

INPUTS

PEAK

FRONT/REAR

2A 250V

AMPS

CAL

Function

Output

50Ω BNC Coaxial Cable

Calibration

Procedure

1. Connect the Model 2001 to the IEEE-488 bus of the computer using a shielded IEEE-488 cable such as the Keithley Model 7007.

2. Make sure the primary address of the Model 2001 is the same as the address specified in the program you will be using to send commands (see paragraph 2.6.3).

3. Turn off the power if the instrument is presently turned on.

4. Press and hold the recessed CAL switch while turning on the power. The instrument will display the following message to indicate it is ready for the low-level calibration procedure:

MANUFACTURING CAL

5. Allow the Model 2001 to warm up for at least one hour before performing calibration.

6. Connect the Model 8610 low-thermal short to the instrument INPUT and SENSE terminals, as shown in Figure 2-1. Wait three minutes before proceeding to allow for thermal equilibrium.

NOTE

Be sure to properly connect HI, LO, and SENSE terminals. Keep drafts away from low-thermal connections to avoid thermal drift, which could affect calibration accuracy.

7. Send the following command over the bus:

:CAL:PROT:DC:ZERO

Wait until the Model 2001 finishes this calibration step before proceeding. (You can use the *OPC or *OPC? commands to determine when calibration steps end, as discussed in paragraph 3.6.)

8. Disconnect the low-thermal short, and connect the DC calibrator to the INPUT jacks, as shown in Figure 2-2.

9. Set the DC calibrator output to +2.00000V, and turn external sense off. Send the following command to the Model 2001 over the IEEE-488 bus:

:CAL:PROT:DC:LOW 2.0

(Be sure to use the exact calibration value if you are using a voltage other than 2V. The allowable range is

0.98V to 2.1V).

NOTE

For best results, use the calibration values given in this part of the procedure whenever possible.

Wait until the Model 2001 finishes this step before going on.

10. Set the DC calibrator output to +20.00000V. Send the following command to the instrument:

:CAL:PROT:DC:HIGH 20

(Send the actual calibration value in the range of 9.8V to 21V if you are using a different voltage.) Wait until the Model 2001 finishes this step before going on.

11. Set the calibrator output to 19.0000k¾, and turn external sense on. Send the following command to the Model 2001:

:CAL:PROT:DC:LOHM <value>

Here, <value> is the actual calibrator resistance value. For example, if the calibrator resistance is 18.9987k¾, the command would appear as follows:

:CAL:PROT:DC:LOHM 18.9987E3

Wait until the Model 2001 finishes the 20k¾ calibration step before continuing.

NOTE

If your calibrator can source 20k¾, use that value instead of the 19k¾ value used here.

12. Set the calibrator output to 1.0000M¾, and turn external sense off. Send the following command to the Model 2001:

:CAL:PROT:DC:HOHM <value>

Here, <value> is the actual calibrator resistance value. For example, if the calibrator resistance is 1.00023M¾, the command would appear as follows:

:CAL:PROT:DC:HOHM 1.00023E6

Wait until the Model 2001 finishes 1M¾ calibration before continuing.

13. Disconnect all test leads from the INPUT and SENSE jacks. Send the following command to the instrument:

:CAL:PROT:DC:OPEN

Wait until the open-circuit calibration is complete before going on to the next step.

14. To program the Model 2001 to calculate new calibration constants, send the following command over the bus:

:CAL:PROT:DC:CALC

15. Check for DC calibration errors by sending the following query:

:SYST:ERR?

2-19

Calibration

16. Perform user AC calibration by sending the following command:

:CAL:UNPR:ACC

Note that the AC calibration phase will take about six minutes to complete.

17. Check for AC calibration errors by sending the following command:

:SYST:ERR?

NOTE

The following steps perform the low-level part of the calibration procedure. Use only the indicated calibration values for these steps. Be sure the instrument completes each step before sending the next calibration command.

18. Connect the Model 2001 to the calibrator using 2-wire connections, as shown in Figure 2-3.

19. Program the calibrator to output 20V AC at a frequency of 1kHz, then send the following command to the Model 2001:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 1

20. Program the calibrator to output 20V AC at a frequency of 30kHz, and send the following command to the Model 2001:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 2

21. Set the calibrator output to 200V AC at 1kHz, then send the following command:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 3

22. Set the calibrator output to 200V AC at a frequency of 30kHz, then send the following command:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 4

23. Program the calibrator to output 1.5V AC at a frequency of 1kHz. Send the following command to the Model 2001:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 5

24. Program the calibrator to output 200mV AC at a frequency of 1kHz, and send the following command to the Model 2001:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 6

25. Set the calibrator output to 5mV AC at a frequency of 100kHz. Send the following command to the Model 2001:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 7

26. Program the calibrator to output 0.5mV AC at a frequency of 1kHz. Send the following command to the Model 2001:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 8

27. Set the calibrator output to +2V DC. Send the following command to the Model 2001:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 9

28. Program the calibrator to output -2V DC, and send the following command to the Model 2001:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 10

29. Set the calibrator output to 0V DC, and then send the following command:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 11

30. Connect the calibrator to the AMPS and INPUT LO terminals, as shown in Figure 2-4.

31. Program the calibrator to output 20mA AC at a frequency of 1kHz. Send the following command to the Model 2001:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 12

32. Set the calibrator output to +200mA DC. Send the following command to the Model 2001:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 13

33. Program the calibrator to output +2A DC, then send the following command to the Model 2001:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 14

34. Connect the multifunction synthesizer to the Model 2001, as shown in Figure 2-5.

35. Set the synthesizer operating modes as follows: FCTN: sine

FREQ: 1Hz AMPTD: 2Vrms MODE: CONT

36. Send the following command to the Model 2001:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 15

37. Calculate new calibration constants by sending the following command to the Model 2001:

:CAL:PROT:LLEV:CALC

38. To check for calibration errors, send the following query:

:SYST:ERR?

If no errors are reported, calibration was successfully completed.

2-20

Calibration

39. Update the calibration date and calibration due date by sending the following commands:

:CAL:PROT:DATE ‘1/01/92’ :CAL:PROT:NDUE ‘1/01/93’

40. Save calibration constants in EEPROM by sending the following command:

:CAL:PROT:SAVE

41. Finally, lock out calibration by sending the following command:

:CAL:PROT:LOCK

2-21

Calibration Command Reference

3.1 Introduction

This section contains detailed information on the various Model 2001 IEEE-488 bus calibration commands. Section 2 of this manual covers detailed calibration procedures, and Appendix B lists several calibration programs. For information on additional commands to control other instrument functions, refer to the Model 2001 Operator’s Manual.

Information in this section includes:

3.2 Command summary: Summarizes all commands necessary to perform comprehensive, AC, and low-level calibration.

3.3 CALibration:PROTected subsystem: Gives detailed explanations of the various commands used for both comprehensive and low-level calibration.

3.4 CALibration:UNPRotected subsystem: Discusses the :ACC command, which is used to perform AC user calibration over the bus.

3.5 Bus error reporting: Summarizes bus calibration errors, and discusses how to obtain error information.

3.6 Detecting calibration step completion: Covers how to determine when each calibration step is completed by using the *OPC and *OPC? commands.

3.2 Command summary

Table 3-1 summarizes Model 2001 calibration commands along with the paragraph number where a detail description of each command is located.

3-1

Calibration Command Reference

Table 3-1

IEEE-488 bus calibration command summary

Command Description Paragraph

:CALibration

:PROTected

:LOCK :SWITch? :SAVE :DATA? :DATE “<string>” :DATE? :NDUE “<string>” :NDUE? :LLEVel

:SWITch?

Calibration root command.

All commands in this subsystem are protected by the CAL switch.

Lock out calibration (opposite of enabling cal with CAL switch). Request comprehensive CAL switch state. (0 = locked; 1 = unlocked) Save cal constants to EEPROM. Download cal constants from 2001. Send cal date to 2001. Request cal date from 2001. Send next due cal date to 2001. Request next due cal date from 2001. Low-level calibration subsystem.

Request low-level CAL switch state. (0 = locked; 1 = unlocked)

3.3

3.3.1

3.3.2

3.3.3

3.3.4

3.3.5

3.3.6

3.3.7

3.3.8

3.3.9

:STEP <Step #>

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

:STEP? :CALCulate

:DC

:ZERO :LOW <value> :HIGH <value> :LOHM <value> :HOHM <value> :OPEN :CALCulate

:UNPRotected

:ACCompensation

NOTE: Upper case letters indicate short form of each command. For example, instead of sending “:CALIBRATION:PROTECTED:LOCK”, you can send “:CAL:PROT:LOCK”.

20V AC at 1kHz step. 20V AC at 30kHz step. 200V AC at 1kHz step. 200V AC at 30kHz step.

1.5V AC at 1kHz step.

0.2V AC at 1kHz step. 5mV AC at 100kHz step.

0.5mV AC at 1kHz step. +2V DC step.

-2V DC step. 0V DC step. 20mA AC at 1kHz step. +0.2A DC step. +2A DC step. 2V AC at 1Hz step. Request cal step number. Calculate low-level cal constants.

User calibration subsystem.

Low-thermal short calibration step. +2V DC calibration step. +20V DC calibration step. 20k¾ calibration step. 1M¾ calibration step. Open circuit calibration step. Calculate DC cal constants.

All commands in this subsystem are not protected by CAL switch.

Perform user AC calibration (disconnect all cables)

3.3.10

3.4

3.4.1

3-2

Calibration Command Reference

3.3 :CALibration:PROTected subsystem

The protected calibration subsystem commands perform all Model 2001 calibration except for AC-only calibration. All commands in this subsystem are protected by the calibration lock (CAL switch). The following paragraphs discuss these commands in detail.

3.3.1 :LOCK

(:CALibration:PROTected):LOCK

Purpose To lock out comprehensive and low-level calibration commands once calibration has been

completed.

Format :cal:prot:lock

Parameters None

Description The :LOCK command allows you to lock out both comprehensive and low-level calibration

after completing those procedures. Thus, :LOCK does just the opposite of pressing in on the front panel CAL switch to unlock calibration.

Programming note To unlock comprehensive calibration, press in on the CAL switch with power turned on. To

unlock low-level calibration, hold in the CAL switch while turning on the power.

Programming example 10 OUTPUT 716; “:CAL:PROT:LOCK” ! Lock out calibration.

3.3.2 :SWITch?

(:CALibration:PROTected):SWITch?

Purpose To read comprehensive calibration lock status.

Format :cal:prot:swit?

Response 0 Comprehensive calibration locked.

1 Comprehensive calibration unlocked.

Description The :SWITch? query requests status from the Model 2001 on calibration locked/unlocked

state. Calibration must be unlocked by pressing in on the CAL switch while power is turned on before calibration can be performed.

Programming note The :CAL:PROT:SWIT? query does not check the status of the low-level calibration lock,

which can be checked by using the :CAL:PROT:LLEV:SWIT? query. (See paragraph

3.3.9.)

Programming example 10 OUTPUT 716; “:CAL:PROT:SWIT?” ! Query for switch status.

20 ENTER 716; S ! Input response. 30 PRINT S ! Display response.

3-3

Calibration Command Reference

3.3.3 :SAVE

(:CALibration:PROTected):SAVE

Purpose To save calibration constants in EEPROM after the calibration procedure.

Format :cal:prot:save

Parameters None

Description The :SAVE command stores internally calculated calibration constants derived during cal-

ibration in EEPROM. EEPROM is non-volatile memory, and calibration constants will be retained indefinitely once saved. Generally, :SAVE is the last command sent during calibration.

Programming note Calibration will be only temporary unless the :SAVE command is sent to permanently store

calibration constants.

Programming example 10 OUTPUT 716; “:CAL:PROT:SAVE” ! Save constants.

3.3.4 :DATA?

(:CALibration:PROTected):DATA?

Purpose To download calibration constants from the Model 2001

Format :cal:prot:data?

Response <Cal 1>,<Cal 2>,...<Cal n>

Description :DATA? allows you to request the present calibration constants stored in EEPROM from the

instrument. This command can be used to compare present constants with those from a previous calibration procedure to verify that calibration was performed properly. The returned values are 99 numbers using ASCII representation delimited by commas (,). See Appendix C for a listing of constants.

Programming note The :CAL:PROT:DATA? response is not affected by the FORMAT subsystem.

Programming example 10 DIM A$[2000] ! Dimension string.

20 OUTPUT 716; “:CAL:PROT:DATA?” ! Request constants. 30 ENTER 716; A$ ! Input constants. 40 PRINT A$ ! Display constants.

3-4

Calibration Command Reference

3.3.5 :DATE

(:CALibration:PROTected):DATE

Purpose To send the calibration date to the instrument.

Format :cal:prot:date “<string>”?

Parameters <string> = date (mm/dd/yy)

Description The :DATE command allows you to store the calibration date in instrument memory for fu-

ture reference. You can read back the date from the instrument over the bus by using the :DATE? query, or by using the CALIBRATION selection in the front panel menu.

Programming note The date <string> must be enclosed either in double or single quotes (“<string>” or

‘<string>’).

Programming example 10 OUTPUT 716; “:CAL:PROT:DATE ‘01/01/92’” ! Send date.

3.3.6 :DATE?

(:CALibration:PROTected):DATE?

Purpose To request the calibration date from the instrument.

Format :cal:prot:date?

Response <date> (mm/dd/yy)

Description The :DATE? query allows you to request from the instrument the previously stored calibra-

tion date. The instrument response is simply a string of ASCII characters representing the last stored date.

Programming example 10 OUTPUT 716; “:CAL:PROT:DATE?” ! Query for date.

20 ENTER 716; A$ ! Input date. 30 PRINT A$ ! Display date.

3.3.7 :NDUE

(:CALibration:PROTected):NDUE

Purpose To send the next calibration due date to the instrument.

Format :cal:prot:ndue “<string>”

Parameters <string> = next due date (mm/dd/yy)

Description The :NDUE command allows you to store the date when calibration is next due in instru-

ment memory. You can read back the next due date from the instrument over the bus by using the :NDUE? query, or by using the CALIBRATION-DATES selection in the front panel menu.

Programming note The next due date <string> must be enclosed either in single or double quotes (“<string>”

or ‘<string>’).

Programming example 10 OUTPUT 716; “:CAL:PROT:NDUE ‘01/01/93’” ! Send due date.

3-5

Calibration Command Reference

3.3.8 :NDUE?

(:CALibration:PROTected):NDUE?

Purpose To request the calibration due date from the instrument.

Format :cal:prot:ndue?

Response <date> (mm/dd/yy)

Description The :NDUE? query allows you to request from the instrument the previously stored cali-

bration due date. The instrument response is a string of ASCII characters representing the last stored due date.

Programming example 10 OUTPUT 716; “:CAL:PROT:DATE?” ! Query for due date.

20 ENTER 716; A$ ! Input due date. 30 PRINT A$ ! Display due date.

3.3.9 :LLEVel

(CALibration:PROTected):LLEVel

Low-level calibration commands are summarized in Table 3-2.

Table 3-2

Low-level calibration commands

Command Description

:CALibration

:PROTected

:LLEVel

:SWITch?

:STEP <Step #>

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

:CALCulate

Low-level calibration subsystem.

Request low-level CAL switch state.

(0 = locked; 1 = unlocked)

20V AC at 1kHz step. 20V AC at 30kHz step. 200V AC at 1kHz step. 200V AC at 30kHz step.

1.5V AC at 1kHz step.

0.2V AC at 1kHz step. 5mV AC at 100kHz step

0.5mV AC at 1kHz step. +2V DC step.

-2V DC step. 0V DC step. 20mA AC at 1kHz step. +0.2A DC step. +2A DC step. 2V AC at 1Hz step. Calculate low-level cal constants.

3-6

Calibration Command Reference

:SWITch?

(CALibration:PROTected:LLEVel):SWITch?

Purpose To request the state of the low-level calibration lock.

Format :cal:prot:llev:swit?

Response 0 Low-level calibration locked.

1 Low-level calibration unlocked.

Description :SWITch? query requests the status of the low-level calibration lock from the instrument.

This :SWITch? query should not be confused with the :SWITch query that requests the status of the comprehensive calibration lock (see paragraph 3.3.1).

Programming note To unlock low-level calibration, hold in the CAL switch while turning on instrument power.

Programming example 10 OUTPUT 716; “:CAL:PROT:LLEV:SWIT?” ! Request switch status.

20 ENTER 716; S ! Input switch status. 30 PRINT S ! Display switch status.

:STEP

(CALibration:PROTected:LLEVel):STEP

Purpose To program individual low-level calibration steps.

Format :cal:prot:llev:step <n>

Parameters 120V AC @ 1kHz

2 20V AC @ 30kHz 3 200V AC @ 1kHz 4 200V AC @ 30kHz 5 1.5V AC @ 1kHz 6200mV AC @ 1kHz 7 5mV AC @ 100kHz 8 0.5mV AC @ 1kHz 9+2V DC 10 -2V DC 11 0V DC 12 20mA @ 1kHz 13 +200mA DC 14 +2A DC 15 2V AC @ 1Hz

Description The :STEP command programs the 15 individual low-level calibration steps; <n> repre-

sents the calibration step number. The appropriate signal must be connected to the instrument when programming each step, as summarized in the parameters listed above (see Section 2 for details).

Programming example 10 OUTPUT 716; “:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP 1” ! Low-level Step 1.

3-7

Calibration Command Reference

Purpose To request current low-level calibration step.

Format :cal:prot:llev:step?

Response 1 20V AC @ 1kHz

:STEP?

(CALibration:PROTected:LLEVel):STEP?

2 20V AC @ 30kHz 3 200V AC @ 1kHz 4 200V AC @ 30kHz 5 1.5V AC @ 1kHz 6 200mV AC @ 1kHz 7 5mV AC @ 100kHz 8 0.5mV AC @ 1kHz 9+2V DC 10 -2V DC 11 0V DC 12 20mA @ 1kHz 13 +200mA DC 14 +2A DC 15 2V AC @ 1Hz

Description The :STEP? query requests the present low-level calibration step.

Programming example 10 OUTPUT 716; “:CAL:PROT:LLEV:STEP ?” ! Request step.

20 ENTER 716;S ! Input step. 30 PRINT S ! Display step.

:CALCulate

(:CALibration:PROTected:LLEVel):CALCulate

Purpose To program the Model 2001 to calculate new low-level calibration constants.

Format :cal:prot:llev:calc

Parameters None

Description The :CALCulate command causes the Model 2001 to calculate new low-level calibration

constants based on parameters determined during the calibration procedure. This command should be sent after completing all low-level calibration steps, but before saving calibration constants in EEPROM with the :SAVE command.

Programming example 10 OUTPUT 716; “:CAL:PROT:LLEV:CALC” ! Calculate constants.

3-8

3.3.10 :DC

(CALibration:PROTected):DC

The :DC commands perform comprehensive (user) calibration. Table 3-3 summarizes these comprehensive calibration commands.

Table 3-3

Comprehensive calibration commands

Command Description

:CALibration

:PROTected

:DC

:ZERO :LOW <value> :HIGH <value> :LOHM <value> :HOHM <value> :OPEN Calculate

Calibration Command Reference

User calibration subsystem.

Low-thermal short calibration step. +2V DC calibration step. +20V DC calibration step. 20k¾ calibration step. 1M¾ calibration step. Open circuit calibration step. DC cal constants.

:ZERO

(:CALibration:PROTected:DC):ZERO

Purpose To perform short-circuit comprehensive calibration.

Format :cal:prot:dc:zero

Parameters None

Description :ZERO performs the short-circuit calibration step in the comprehensive calibration proce-

dure. A low-thermal short (Model 8610) must be connected to the input jacks before sending this command.

Programming example 10 OUTPUT 716; “CAL:PROT:DC:ZERO” ! Do short-circuit cal.

:LOW

(:CALibration:PROTected:DC):LOW

Purpose To program the +2V DC comprehensive calibration step.

Format :cal:prot:dc:low <cal_voltage>

Parameters <Cal_voltage> = 1.0 to 2.0 [V]

Description :LOW programs the +2V DC comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the

calibration voltage parameter is from 1.0 to 2.0V, but 2V is recommended for best results.

Programming example 10 OUTPUT 716; “:CAL:PROT:DC:LOW 2” ! Program 2V step.

3-9

Calibration Command Reference

:HIGH

(:CALibration:PROTected:DC):HIGH

Purpose To program the +20V DC comprehensive calibration step.

Format :cal:prot:dc:high <cal_voltage>

Parameters <Cal_voltage> = 10 to 20 [V]

Description :HIGH programs the +20V DC comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the

calibration voltage parameter is from 10 to 20V, but 20V is recommended for best results.

Programming example 10 OUTPUT 716; “:CAL:PROT:DC:HIGH 20” ! Program 20V step.

:LOHM

(CALibration:PROTected:DC):LOHM

Purpose To program the 20k¾ comprehensive calibration step.

Format :cal:prot:dc:lohm <cal_resistance>

Parameters <Cal_resistance> = 9E3 to 20E3 [¾]

Description :LOHM programs the 20k¾ comprehensive calibration step. The allowable range of the

calibration resistance parameter is from 9k¾ to 20k¾ (9E3 to 20E3). Use the 20k¾ value whenever possible, or the closest possible value (for example, 19k¾, which is the closest value available on many calibrators).

Programming example 10 OUTPUT 716; “:CAL:PROT:DC:LOHM 19E3”! Program 19k¾.

:HOHM

(CALibration:PROTected:DC):HOHM

Purpose To program the 1M¾ comprehensive calibration step.

Format :cal:prot:dc:hohm <cal_resistance>

Parameters <Cal_resistance> = 800E3 to 2E6 [¾]

Description :LOHM programs the 1M¾ comprehensive calibration step. The resistance parameter can

be programmed for any value from 800k¾ (800E3) to 2M¾ (2E6). Use the 1M¾ value whenever possible, or the closest possible value on your calibrator for best results.

Programming example 10 OUTPUT 716; “:CAL:PROT:DC:HOHM 1E6” ! Program 1M¾ step.

3-10

Calibration Command Reference

:CALCulate

(:CALibration:PROTected:DC):CALCulate

Purpose To program the Model 2001 to calculate new comprehensive calibration DC constants.

Format :cal:prot:dc:calc

Parameters None

Description The :CALCulate command should be sent to the instrument after performing all other DC

calibration steps to calculate new comprehensive calibration constants. All other comprehensive calibration steps must be completed before sending this command.

Programming example 10 OUTPUT 716; “:CAL:PROT:DC:CALC” ! Calculate new constants.

3-11

Calibration Command Reference

3.4 :CALibration:UNPRotected Subsystem

3.3.11 :ACCompensation

(:CALibration:UNPRotected):ACCompensation

Purpose To perform user AC calibration.

Format :cal:unpr:acc

Parameters None

Description The :ACC command performs user AC calibration, which requires no calibration equip-

ment. All test leads must be disconnected from the input jacks when performing user AC calibration.

Programming note Calibration constants generated by using the :ACC command are not stored in EEPROM.

Thus, AC calibration constants are in effect only until the instrument is turned off. In order to save AC calibration constants, perform the comprehensive calibration procedure, and use the :SAVE command.

Programming example 10 OUTPUT 716; “:CAL:UNPR:ACC: ! Perform AC user cal.

3-12

Calibration Command Reference

3.5 Bus error reporting

3.5.1 Calibration error summary

Table 3-4 summarizes errors that may occur during bus calibration.

NOTE

See Appendix C for a complete listing of calibration error messages.

3.5.2 Detecting calibration errors

Several methods to detect calibration errors are discussed in the following paragraphs.

Error Queue

As with other Model 2001 errors, any calibration errors will be reported in the bus error queue. You can read this queue by using the :SYST:ERR? query. The Model 2001 will respond with the appropriate error message, as summarized in Table 3-4.

Status Byte EAV (Error Available) Bit

Whenever an error is available in the error queue, the EAV (Error Available) bit (bit 2) of the status byte will be set. Use the *STB? query or serial polling to obtain the status byte, then test bit 2 to see if it is set. If the EAV bit is set, an error has occurred, and you can use the :SYST:ERR? query to read the error and at the same time clear the EAV bit in the status byte.

Generating an SRQ on Error

To program the instrument to generate an SRQ when an error occurs, send the following command: *SRE 4. This command will enable SRQ when the EAV bit is set. You can then read the status byte and error queue as outlined above to check for errors and to determine the exact nature of the error.

3.6 Detecting calibration step completion

When sending calibration commands over the IEEE-488 bus, you must wait until the instrument completes the current operation before sending a command. You can use either *OPC? or *OPC to help determine when each calibration step is completed. (The example program in paragraph 2.6.2 uses the *OPC command to detect when each calibration step is completed.)

3.6.1 Using the *OPC? query

With the *OPC? (operation complete) query, the instrument will place an ASCII 1 in the output queue when it has completed each step. In order to determine when the OPC response is ready, do the following:

1. Repeatedly test the MAV (Message Available) bit (bit 4) in the status byte and wait until it is set. (You can request the status byte by using the *STB? query or serial polling.)

2. When MAV is set, a message is available in the output queue, and you can read the output queue and test for an ASCII 1.

Table 3-4

Calibration error summary

Error Description

0, “No Error”

-102, “Syntax error”

-113, “Command header error”

-200, “Execution error”

-221, “Settings conflict”

-222, “Parameter data out of range” +438, “Date of calibration not set” +439, “Next date of calibration not set” +440, “Calibration process not completed”

No error present in error queue. Calibration command syntax error. Invalid calibration command header. Cal commands sent out of sequence. Cal command sent with calibration locked. Calibration parameter invalid. No calibration date sent. No next calibration date sent. Incomplete calibration procedure.

3-13

Calibration Command Reference

3. After reading the output queue, repeatedly test MAV again until it clears. At this point, the calibration step is completed.

3.6.2 Using the *OPC command

The *OPC (operation complete) command can also be used to detect the completion of each calibration step. In order to use OPC to detect the end of each calibration step, you must do the following:

1. Enable operation complete by sending *ESE 1. The command sets the OPC (operation complete bit) in the standard event enable register, allowing operation complete status from the standard event status register to set the ESB (event summary bit) in the status byte when operation complete is detected.

2. Send the *OPC command immediately following each calibration command. For example:

:CAL:PROT:DC:ZERO;*OPC

Note that you must include the semicolon (;) to separate the two commands.

3. After sending a calibration command, repeatedly test the ESB (Event Summary) bit (bit 5) in the status byte until it is set. (Use either the *STB? query or serial polling to request the status byte.)

4. Once operation complete has been detected, clear OPC status using one of two methods: (1) Use the *ESR? query then read the response to clear the standard event status register, or (2) Send the *CLS command to clear the status registers. Note that sending *CLS will also clear the error queue and operation complete status.

3-14

Model 2001 Specifications

A-1

Model 2001 Specifications

The following pages contain the complete specifications for the

2001. Every effort has been made to make these specifications complete by characterizing its performance under the variety of conditions often encountered in production, engineering and research.

The 2001 provides 5-minute, 1-hour, 24-hour, 90-day, 1-year, and 2-year specifications, with full specifications for the 90-day, 1-year and 2-year specifications. This allows the user to utilize 90-day, 1-year, or 2-year recommended calibration intervals, depending upon the level of accuracy desired. As a general rule, the 2001’s 2-year performance exceeds a 5 day, 180-day or 1-year specifications. 6

⁄2-digit DMM’s 90-

⁄2- or 71⁄2-digit performance

is assured using 90-day or 1-year specifications.

ABSOLUTE ACCURACY

To minimize confusion, all 90-day, 1-year and 2-year 2001 specifications are absolute accuracy, traceable to NIST based on

factory calibration. Higher accuracies are possible, based on your calibration sources. For example, calibrating with a 10V primary standard rather than a 20V calibrator will reduce calibration uncertainty, and can thereby improve total 2001 accuracy for measurements up to 50% of range. Refer to the 2001 calibration procedure for details.

TYPICAL ACCURACIES

Accuracy can be specified as typical or warranted. All specifications shown are warranted unless specifically noted.

Almost 99% of the 2001’s specifications are warranted specifications. In some cases it is not possible to obtain sources to maintain traceability on the performance of every unit in production on some measurements (e.g., high-voltage, highfrequency signal sources with sufficient accuracy do not exist). Since these values cannot be verified in production, the values are listed as typical.

2001 SPECIFIED CALIBRATION INTERVALS

MEASUREMENT 24 90 1 2 FUNCTION HOUR

DC Volts • • • • DC Volts Peak Spikes •

AC Volts rms • AC Volts Peak • AC Volts Average • AC Volts Crest Factor •

Ohms • • • • DC Current • • • •

DC In-Circuit Current • • • AC Current • Frequency • • • Temperature (Thermocouple) • • •

Temperature (RTD) • • •

For T

CAL

2 3

±1°C.

For T

CAL

±5°C.

For ±2°C of last AC self cal.

DAY2YEAR2YEAR

••

DC VOLTS

DCV INPUT CHARACTERISTICS AND ACCURACY

RANGE SCALE LUTION LUTION RESISTANCE 5 Minutes

FULL RESO- RESO- INPUT

200mV

20 V

200 V

1000 V

210.00000 10 nV 100 nV >10 G

2.1000000 100 nV 1 μV >10 G

21.000000 1 μV 10 μV >10 G

210.00000 10 μV 100 μV 10 MΩ±1% 2 + 1.5 13 + 3 27 + 3 38 + 3 52 + 3 4.3 +1

1100.0000 100 μV 1 mV 10 MΩ±1% 10 + 1.5 17 + 6 31 + 6 41 + 6 55 + 6 4.1 +1

DC VOLTAGE UNCERTAINTY =

DEFAULT ACCURACY

Ω Ω Ω

[ (ppm of reading) × (measured value) + (ppm of range) × (range used)] / 1,000,000.

3 + 3 10 + 6 25 + 6 37 + 6 50 + 6 3.3 + 1. 5 2 + 1.5 7 + 2 18 + 2 25 + 2 32 + 2 2.6 +0.15 2 + 1.5 7 + 4 18 + 4 24 + 4 32 + 4 2.6 +0 .7

% ACCURACY = (ppm accuracy) /10,000. 1PPM OF RANGE = 2 counts for ranges up to 200V, 1 count on 1000V range at 6

SPEED AND ACCURACY

90 Days

ACCURACY

(ppm of reading+ppm of range+ppm of range rms noise10)

1PLC

DFILT On, 1PLC 0.1PLC 0.01PLC

RANGE 10 Readings DFILT Off DFILT Off DFILT Off

200 mV

2 V 18+2+0 18+2+0.2 18+25+1 130+200+3

25+6+0 25+6+0.6 25+30+10 100+200+15

20 V 18+4+0 18+4+0.3 18+20+0.5 130+200+3

200 V 27+3+0 27+5+0.3 27+20+0.8 130+200+3

1000 V 31+6+0 31+6+0.1 31+21+0.5 90+200+2

PLC = power line cycle; DFILT = digital filter

DCV READING RATES

9,10

(ppm of reading + ppm of range)

24 Hours290 Days31 Year32 Years

⁄2 digits.

NOISE REJECTION (dB)

SPEED AC and DC CMRR

(Number of Line Sync On

Power Line Line Sync Internal 25-Reading On

Cycles) On7Trigger

NPLC = 10 140 120 9 0 80 60 NPLC NPLC < 1 60 50 3 0 20 0

Effective noise is reduced by a factor of 10 for every 20dB of noise rejection (140dB

reduces effective noise by 10,000,000:1).

CMRR is rejection of undesirable AC or DC signal between LO and earth. NMRR

is rejection of undesirable AC signal between HI and LO.

≥

1 140 120 90 80 60

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT

(ppm of reading + ppm of range)/°C

Outside T

CAL

AC NMRR

Line Sync Internal

±5°

DFILT On DFILT Off DFILT Off

200mV, 2V, 200V Ranges

NPLC APERTURE BITS DIGITS Auto Zero Off Auto Zero On Auto Zero Off Auto Zero On Auto Zero Off Auto Zero On

10 167 ms (200 ms) 28 7

MEASUREMENT DEFAULT READINGS/SECOND TO MEMORY READINGS/SECOND TO IEEE-488 TIME STAMP TO IEEE-488

⁄ 2 33.4 ms (40 ms) 26 7 1 16.7 ms (20 ms) 25 6

0.2 3.34 ms (4 ms) 22 6

0.1 1.67 ms (2 ms) 21 5

0.02 334

0.01 167

0.01

s (400 μs) 19 51⁄

s (167 μs) 16 41⁄

167 μs (167 μs) 16 41⁄

⁄

2 2 2 2

6 (5.1) 2 (1.7) 6 2 (1.6) 6 (4.1) 2 (1.6) 30 (25) 9 (7.6) 28 (23) 9 (7.3) 27 (22) 8 (7.2) 58 (48) 44 (34) 54 (45) 41 (32) 49 (41) 37 (30)

214 (186) 127 (112) 183 (162) 104 (101) 140 (126) 88 (85) 272 (272) 150 (148) 228 (225) 129 (123) 156 (153) 100 (96) 284 (287) 156 (155) 230 (230) 136 (134) 158 (156) 104 (103) 417 (417) 157 (157) 317 (317) 137 (134) 198 (198) 105 (103)

2000 (2000) 2000 (2000)

READINGS/SECOND WITH

20V, 1000V Ranges

10 167 ms (200 ms) 28 71⁄

2 33.4 ms (40 ms) 26 7 1 16.7 ms (20 ms) 25 6

0.2 3.34 ms (4 ms) 22 6

0.1 1.67 ms (2 ms) 21 5

0.02 334

0.01 167

0.01

s (400 μs) 19 51⁄

s (167 μs) 16 41⁄

167 μs (167 μs) 16 41⁄

⁄

2 2 2 2

6 (5.1) 2 (1.7) 6 2 (1.6) 6 2 (1.6) 30 (25) 9 (8.2) 28 (23) 9 (7.8) 27 (22) 9 (7.7) 57 (48) 42 (38) 54 (45) 43 (35) 48 (41) 39 (32)

201 (186) 102 (113) 173 (162) 102 (99) 129 (127) 84 (83) 201 (201) 126 (116) 175 (173) 105 (105) 129 (128) 86 (86) 227 (227) 129 (129) 178 (178) 114 (114) 138 (138) 90 (90) 422 (422) 130 (130) 333 (333) 117 (117) 199 (199) 95 (95)

2000 (2000) 2000 (2000)

Trigger

SETTLING CHARACTERISTICS: <500μs to 10ppm of step size. Reading settling

times are affected by source impedance and cable dielectric absorption characteristics. Add 10ppm of range for first reading after range change.

REF

ZERO STABILITY: Typical variation in zero reading, 1 hour, T

±1°C, 61⁄2-digit

default resolution, 10-reading digital filter:

ZERO STABILITY

Range 1 Power Line Cycle Integration 10 Power Line Cycle Integration

2V – 1000V

200 mV

3 counts

5 counts

2 counts

3 counts

DC VOLTS NOTES

1. Specifications are for 1 power line cycle, Auto Zero on, 10-reading digital filter, except as noted.

2. For T

CAL

±1°

which is 23

3. For T US NIST.

4. When properly zeroed using REL function.

5. For T same speed accuracy ppm changes to the 1-year or 2-year base accuracy.

6. Applies for 1k

7. For noise synchronous to the line frequency.

C, following 55-minute warm-up. TCAL is ambient temperature at calibration,

C from factory.

CAL

±5°

C, following 55-minute warm-up. Specifications include factory traceability to

CAL

±5°

C, 90-day accuracy. 1-year or 2-year accuracy can be found by applying the

imbalance in the LO lead. For 400Hz operation, subtract 10dB.

ISOLATED POLARITY REVERSAL ERROR: This is the portion of the instrument

error that is seen when high and low are reversed when driven by an isolated source. This is not an additional error—it is included in the overall instrument accuracy spec. Reversal Error: <2 counts at 10V input at 6

⁄2 digits, 10 power

line cycles, 10-reading digital filter.

INPUT BIAS CURRENT: <100pA at 25

LINEARITY: <1ppm of range typical, <2ppm maximum. AUTORANGING: Autoranges up at 105% of range, down at 10% of range.

8. For line frequency

9. See Operating Speed section for additional detail. For DELAY=0, internal trigger, digital filter off, display off (or display in “hold” mode). Aperture is reciprocal of line frequency. These rates are for 60Hz and (50Hz).

10.Typical values.

11.In burst mode, display off. Burst mode requires Auto Zero refresh (by changing resolution or measurement function) once every 24 hours.

12.DCV Transfer Stability typical applications are standard cell comparisons and relative accuracy measurements. Specs apply for 10 power line cycles, 20reading digital filter, autozero on with type synchronous, fixed range following 2-hour warm-up at full scale to 10% of full scale, at T ambient temperature). Specifications on the 1000V range are for measurements within 5% of the initial measurement value and following measurement settling.

0.1%.

REF

± 1°

C (TREF is the initial

DCV PEAK SPIKES MEASUREMENT

REPETITIVE SPIKES ACCURACY190 Days, ±2°C from last AC self-cal±(% of reading+% of range)

1kHz– 10kHz– 30kHz– 50kHz– 100kHz– 300kHz– 500kHz– 750kHz–

RANGE 0–1kHz

10kHz 30kHz 50kHz 100kHz 300kHz 500kHz 750kHz 1MHz Outside T

200 mV 0.08+0.7 0.08+0.7 0.1 +0.7 0.15+0.7 0.25+0.7 1.0+0.7 2.5+0.7 5.5+0.7 9+0.7 0.002+0.03

2 V 0.08+0.3 0.08+0.3 0.1 +0.3 0.15+0.3 0.25+0.3 1.0+0.3 2.5+0.3 5.5+0.3 9+0.3 0.002+0.03

20 V 0.09+0.7 0.1 +0.7 0.12+0.7 0.17+0.7 0.25+0.7 1.0+0.7 2.5+0.7 5.5+0.7 9+0.7 0.004+0.03

200 V

1000 V

Max. % of Range

REPETITIVE SPIKES ACCURACY

RANGE 0–1kHz

200 mV 0.08+0.7 0.09+0.7 0.1 +0.7 0.15+0.7 0.25+0.7 1.0+0.7 2.5+0.7 5.5+0.7 9+0.7 0.002+0.03

2 V 0.08+0.3 0.09+0.3 0.1 +0.3 0.15+0.3 0.25+0.3 1.0+0.3 2.5+0.3 5.5+0.3 9+0.3 0.002+0.03

20 V 0.1 +0.7 0.11+0.7 0.14+0.7 0.19+0.7 0.25+0.7 1.0+0.7 2.5+0.7 5.5+0.7 9+0.7 0.004+0.03

200 V

1000 V

Max. % of Range

0.09+0.3 0.1 +0.3 0.12+0.3 0.17+0.3 0.25+0.3 1.0+0.322.5+0.325.5+0.329+0.3

0.1 +0.6 0.13+0.6 0.16+0.6 0.25+0.620.5 +0.6

125%

0.1 +0.3 0.11+0.3 0.14+0.3 0.19+0.3 0.25+0.3 1.0+0.322.5+0.325.5+0.329+0.3

0.12+0.6 0.16+0.6 0.2 +0.6 0.25+0.620.5 +0.6

125%

1kHz– 10kHz– 30kHz– 50kHz– 100kHz– 300kHz– 500kHz– 750kHz–

10kHz 30kHz 50kHz 100kHz 300kHz 500kHz 750kHz 1MHz Outside T

125%

1 or 2 Years, T

125%

CAL

±5°C ±(% of reading+% of range)

125%

100%

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT

(% of reading+% of range)/°C

75%

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT

(% of reading+% of range)/°C

75%

0.004+0.03

0.01 +0.02

0.004+0.03

0.01 +0.02

CAL

±2°C

±5°C

DEFAULT MEASUREMENT RESOLUTION: 31⁄2 digits.

MAXIMUM INPUT: NON-REPETITIVE SPIKES: 10% of range per SPIKE WIDTH: Specifications apply for spikes

1100V peak value, 2×107V•Hz (for inputs above 20V).

s typical slew rate.

≥1μ

RANGE CONTROL: In Multiple Display mode, voltage range is the same as

DCV range.

SPIKES MEASUREMENT WINDOW: Default is 100ms per reading (settable from

0.1 to 9.9s in Primary Display mode).

INPUT CHARACTERISTICS: Same as ACV input characteristics. SPIKES DISPLAY: Access as multiple display on DC Volts. First option presents

positive peak spikes and highest spike since reset. Second option presents negative spikes and lowest spike. Highest and lowest spike can be reset by pressing DCV function button. Third option displays the maximum and minimum levels of the input signal. Spikes displays are also available through CONFIG-ACV-ACTYPE as primary displays.

DCV PEAK SPIKES NOTES

1. Specifications apply for 10-reading digital filter. If no filter is used, add 0.25% of range typical uncertainty.

2. Typical values.

3. Add 0.001% of reading × (V

4. Specifications assume AC+DC coupling for frequencies below 200Hz. Below 20Hz add

0.1% of reading additional uncertainty.

IN/100V)

additional uncertainty for inputs above 100V.

AC VOLTS

AC magnitude: RMS or Average. Peak and Crest Factor measurements also available.

ACV INPUT CHARACTERISTICS

RMS PEAK FULL SCALE DEFAULT

RANGE INPUT RMS RESOLUTION RESOLUTION INPUT IMPEDANCE Outside T

200 mV 1 V 210.0000 100 nV 1

2 V 8V 2.100000 1

20 V 100 V 21.00000 10

200 V 800 V 210.0000 100

V 10 μV1M

V 100 μV1M

V 1 mV 1MΩ ±2% with <140pF 0.006 + 0.001

750 V 1100 V 775.000 1 mV 10 mV 1M

AC VOLTAGE UNCERTAINTY =

[ (% of reading) × (measured value) + (% of range ) × (range used) ] / 100.

V1M

Ω ±

2% with <140pF 0.004 + 0.001

Ω ±

2% with <140pF 0.004 + 0.001

Ω ±

2% with <140pF 0.006 + 0.001

Ω ±

2% with <140pF 0.012 + 0.001

PPM ACCURACY = (% accuracy) × 10,000.

0.015% OF RANGE = 30 counts for ranges up to 200V and 113 counts on 750V range at 5

⁄2 digits.

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT

(% of reading + % of range) / °C

CAL

±5°C

LOW FREQUENCY MODE RMS1

RANGE 1–10Hz

10–50Hz 50–100Hz 0.1–2kHz 2–10kHz 10–30kHz 30–50kHz 50–100kHz 100–200kHz 0.2–1MHz 1–2MHz

90 Days, ±2°C from last AC self-cal, for 1% to 100% of range

(% of reading + % of range)

200 mV 0.09+0.015 0.04+0.015 0.03+0.015 0.03+0.015 0.03+0.015 0.035+0.015 0.05+0.015 0.17+0.015 0.5+0.025 2+0.1 5+0.2

2 V 0.09+0.015 0.04+0.015 0.03+0.015 0.03+0.015 0.03+0.015 0.035+0.015 0.05+0.015 0.17+0.015 0.5+0.025 2+0.1 5+0.2

20 V 0.1 +0.015 0.05+0.015 0.04+0.015 0.04+0.015 0.06+0.015 0.08 +0.015 0.1 +0.015 0.17+0.015 0.5+0.025 4+0.2 7+0.2 200 V40.1 +0.015 0.05+0.015 0.04+0.015 0.04+0.015 0.06+0.015 0.08 +0.015 0.1 +0.015 0.17+0.015 0.5+0.02554+0.2 750 V40.13+0.015 0.09+0.015 0.08+0.015 0.08+0.015 0.09+0.015 0.12 +0.015 0.15+0.01550.5 +0.015

LOW FREQUENCY MODE RMS1

RANGE 1–10Hz

200 mV 0.11+0.015 0.06+0.015 0.05+0.015 0.05+0.015 0.05 +0.015 0.05+0.015 0.06+0.015 0.17+0.015 0.5+0.025 2+0.1 5+0.2

2 V 0.11+0.015 0.06+0.015 0.05+0.015 0.05+0.015 0.05 +0.015 0.05+0.015 0.06+0.015 0.17+0.015 0.5+0.025 2+0.1 5+0.2

10–50Hz 50–100Hz 0.1–2kHz 2–10kHz 10–30kHz 30–50kHz 50–100kHz 100–200kHz 0.2–1MHz 1–2MHz

1 or 2 Years, T

CAL

±5°C for 1% to 100% of range

(% of reading + % of range)

20 V 0.12+0.015 0.07+0.015 0.06+0.015 0.06+0.015 0.085+0.015 0.12+0.015 0.13+0.015 0.17+0.015 0.5+0.025 4+0.2 7+0.2 200 V40.12+0.015 0.07+0.015 0.06+0.015 0.06+0.015 0.085+0.015 0.12+0.015 0.13+0.015 0.17+0.015 0.5+0.02554+0.2 750 V40.15+0.015 0.11+0.015 0.1 +0.015 0.1 +0.015 0.13 +0.015 0.18+0.015 0.22+0.01550.5 +0.015

AC VOLTS (cont’d)

NORMAL MODE RMS

90 Days, ±2°C from last AC self-cal for 1% to 100% of range

RANGE 20–50Hz 50–100Hz 0.1–2kHz 2–10kHz 10–30kHz 30–50kHz 50–100kHz 100–200kHz 0.2–1MHz 1–2MHz

200 mV 0.25+0.015 0.07+0.015 0.03+0.015 0.03+0.015 0.035+0.015 0.05+0.015 0.17+0.015 0.5+0.025 2+0.1 5+0.2

2 V 0.25+0.015 0.07+0.015 0.03+0.015 0.03+0.015 0.035+0.015 0.05+0.015 0.17+0.015 0.5+0.025 2+0.1 5+0.2

20 V 0.25+0.015 0.07+0.015 0.04+0.015 0.06+0.015 0.08 +0.015 0.1 +0.015 0.17+0.015 0.5+0.025 4+0.2 7+0.2

200 V

750 V

NORMAL MODE RMS

0.25+0.015 0.07+0.015 0.04+0.015 0.06+0.015 0.08 +0.015 0.1 +0.015 0.17+0.015 0.5+0.02554+0.2

0.25+0.015 0.1 +0.015 0.08+0.015 0.09+0.015 0.12 +0.015 0.15+0.01550.5 +0.015

1 or 2 Years, T

CAL

±5°C for 1% to 100% of range3±

RANGE 20–50Hz 50–100Hz 0.1–2kHz 2–10kHz 10–30kHz 30–50kHz 50–100kHz 100–200kHz 0.2–1MHz 1–2MHz

200 mV 0.25+0.015 0.08+0.015 0.05+0.015 0.05 +0.015 0.05+0.015 0.06+0.015 0.17+0.015 0.5+0.025 2+0.1 5+0.2

2 V 0.25+0.015 0.08+0.015 0.05+0.015 0.05 +0.015 0.05+0.015 0.06+0.015 0.17+0.015 0.5+0.025 2+0.1 5+0.2

20 V 0.25+0.015 0.08+0.015 0.06+0.015 0.085+0.015 0.12+0.015 0.13+0.015 0.17+0.015 0.5+0.025 4+0.2 7+0.2

200 V 750 V

0.25+0.015 0.08+0.015 0.06+0.015 0.085+0.015 0.12+0.015 0.13+0.015 0.17+0.015 0.5+0.02554+0.2

0.27+0.015 0.11+0.015 0.1 +0.015 0.13 +0.015 0.18+0.015 0.22+0.01550.5 +0.015

(% of reading + % of range)

dB ACCURACY RMS

dB, 90 Days, 1 or 2 Years, T

CAL

±5°C, Reference=1V, Autoranging, Low Frequency Mode, AC+DC Coupling

INPUT 1–100Hz 0.1–30kHz 30–100kHz 100–200kHz 0.2–1MHz 1–2MHz

–54 to–40 dB (2 mV to 10mV) 0.230 0.225 0.236 0.355 –40 to–34 dB (10 mV to 20mV) 0.036 0.031 0.041 0.088 –34 to 6 dB (20mV to 2 V) 0.023 0.018 0.028 0.066 0.265 0.630

6 to 26 dB (2 V to 20 V) 0.024 0.024 0.028 0.066 0.538 0.820 26 to 46 dB (20 V to 200 V) 0.024 0.024 0.028 0.066 46 to 57.8 dB (200 V to 775 V) 0.018 0.021 0.049

ACV READING RATES

5,6

MEASUREMENT DEFAULT READINGS/SECOND TO MEMORY READINGS/SECOND TO IEEE-488 TIME STAMP TO IEEE-488

0.538

READINGS/SECOND WITH

NPLC APERTURE BITS DIGITS Auto Zero Off Auto Zero On Auto Zero Off Auto Zero On Auto Zero Off Auto Zero On

10 167 ms (200 ms) 28 6

2 33.4 ms (40 ms) 26 5 1 16.7 ms (20 ms) 25 5

0.1 1.67 ms (2 ms) 21 5

0.01 167

0.01

AC COUPLING:

s (167 μs) 16 41⁄

167 μs (167 μs) 16 41⁄

For AC only coupling, add the following % of reading:

1–10Hz 10–20Hz 20–50Hz 50–100Hz 100–200Hz

Normal Mode

(rms, average) — — 0.41 0.07 0.015

Low Frequency Mode

(rms) 0.1 0.01 0 0 0

For low frequency mode below 200Hz, specifications apply for sine wave inputs only.

AC+DC COUPLING:

additional uncertainty, multiplied by the ratio (DC/AC rms). Applies to rms

For DC>20% of AC rms voltage, apply the following

⁄

2 2 2

6 (5.1) 2 (1.7) 2 2 (1.6) 2 2 (1.5) 30 (24) 9 (7.9) 28 (23) 9 (7.6) 27 (22) 9 (7.5) 57 (48) 38 (35) 53 (45) 36 (33) 48 (41) 34 (30)

136 (136) 70 (70) 122 (122) 64 (64) 98 (98) 56 (56) 140 (140) 71 (71) 127 (127) 66 (66) 99 (99) 58 (58)

2000 (2000) 2000 (2000)

ACV CREST FACTOR MEASUREMENT

CREST FACTOR = Peak AC / rms AC. CREST FACTOR RESOLUTION: 3 digits. CREST FACTOR ACCURACY: Peak AC uncertainty + AC normal mode rms

MEASUREMENT TIME: 100ms plus rms measurement time. INPUT CHARACTERISTICS: Same as ACV input. CREST FACTOR FREQUENCY RANGE: 20Hz – 1MHz. CREST FACTOR DISPLAY: Access as multiple display on AC volts.

uncertainty.

and average measurements.

RANGE % of Reading % of Range

200mV, 20V 0.05 0.1

2V, 200V, 750V 0.07 0.01

AVERAGE ACV MEASUREMENT

Normal mode rms specifications apply from 10% to 100% of range, for 20Hz– 1MHz. Add 0.025% of range for 50kHz–100kHz, 0.05% of range for 100kHz– 200kHz, and 0.5% of range for 200kHz–1MHz.

ACV PEAK VALUE MEASUREMENT

20Hz– 1kHz– 10kHz– 30kHz– 50kHz– 100kHz– 300kHz– 500kHz– 750kHz–

RANGE 1kHz

10kHz 30kHz 50kHz 100kHz 300kHz 500kHz 750kHz 1MHz Outside T

REPETITIVE PEAK ACCURACY, ±(% of reading+% of range), 90 Days, 1 Year or 2 Years, T

HIGH CREST FACTOR ADDITIONAL ERROR ±(% of reading)

Applies to rms measurements.

CREST FACTOR: 1 – 2 2 – 3 3 – 4 4 – 5 ADDITIONAL ERROR: 0 0.1 0.2 0.4

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT

(% of reading+% of range)/°C

200 mV 0.08+0.7 0.09+0.7 0.1 +0.7 0.15+0.7 0.25+0.7 1.0+0.7 2.5+0.7 5.5+0.7 9+0.7 0.002 + 0.03

2 V 0.08+0.3 0.09+0.3 0 .1 +0.3 0.15+0.3 0.25+0.3 1.0+0.3 2.5+0.3 5.5+0.3 9+0.3 0.002 + 0.03

20 V 0.1 +0.7 0.11+0.7 0.14+0.7 0.19+0.7 0.25+0.7 1.0+0.7 2.5+0.7 5.5+0.7 9+0.7 0.004 + 0.03

200 V 750 V

Valid % of Range

0.1 +0.3 0.11+0.3 0.14+0.3 0.19+0.3 0.25+0.3 1.0+0.352.5+0.355.5+0.359+0.3

0.12+0.6 0.16+0.6 0.2 +0.6 0.25+0.650.5 +0.6

10–400% 10–400% 10–400% 10–350% 10–350% 10–250% 10–150% 10–100% 7.5–75%

DEFAULT MEASUREMENT RESOLUTION: 4 digits. NON-REPETITIVE PEAK: 10% of range per μs typical slew rate for single spikes.

≥1μ

PEAK WIDTH: Specifications apply for all peaks

PEAK MEASUREMENT WINDOW: 100ms per reading.

MAXIMUM INPUT:

1100V peak, 2×107V•Hz (for inputs above 20V).

CAL

±5°C

CAL

±5°C

0.004 + 0.03

0.01 + 0.02

AC VOLTS (cont’d)

SETTLING CHARACTERISTICS:

COMMON MODE REJECTION: For 1k

Normal Mode (rms, avg.) <300ms to 1% of step change

<450ms to 0.1% of step change <500ms to 0.01% of step change

MAXIMUM VOLT•Hz PRODUCT: 2 × 10 AUTORANGING: Autoranges up at 105% of range, down at 10% of range.

Low Frequency Mode (rms) <5s to 0.1% of final value

AC VOLTS NOTES

1. Specifications apply for sinewave input, AC + DC coupling, 1 power line cycle, digital filter off, following 55 minute warm-up.

2. Temperature coefficient applies to rms or average readings. For frequencies above 100kHz, add 0.01% of reading/

3. For 1% to 5% of range below 750V range, and for 1% to 7% of 750V range, add 0.01% to range uncertainty. For inputs from 200kHz to 2MHz, specifications apply above 10% of range.

4. Add 0.001% of reading × (V

5. Typical values.

6. For DELAY=0, digital filter off, display off (or display in “hold” mode). Internal Trigger, Normal mode. See Operating Speed section for additional detail. Aperture is reciprocal of line frequency. These rates are for 60Hz and (50Hz). Applies for rms and average mode. Low frequency mode rate is typically 0.2 readings per second.

C to temperature coefficient.

IN/100V)

additional uncertainty above 100V rms.

7. For overrange readings 200–300% of range, add 0.1% of reading. For 300–400% of range,

8. In burst mode, display off. Burst mode requires Auto Zero refresh (by changing resolution

9. AC peak specifications assume AC + DC coupling for frequencies below 200Hz.

10.Specifications apply for 10 reading digital filter. If no filter is used, add 0.25% of range

11.Subject to peak input voltage specification.

OHMS

TWO-WIRE AND FOUR-WIRE OHMS (2W and 4W Ohms Functions)

RANGE SCALE RESOLUTION RESOLUTION SOURCE CIRCUIT

FULL DEFAULT CURRENT

200

20 k

200 k

20 M

200 M

21.000000 1

210.00000 10

2100.0000 100

21.000000 1 m

210.00000 10 m

2.1000000 100 m

21.000000 1

210.00000 10

1.0500000 100

μΩ μΩ μΩ

μΩ

100

μΩ

Ω Ω

Ω Ω Ω Ω

10 m

100 m

100

Ω Ω Ω Ω

770 nA 5 V 1.5 k

Ω Ω Ω

9.2 mA 5 V 1.7

0.98 mA 5 V 12

0.98 mA 5 V 100

89μA 5 V 1.5 k

7μA 5 V 1.5 k

70 nA 5 V 1.5 k

4.4 nA 5 V 1.5 k

frequency

add 0.2% of reading.

or measurement function) once every 24 hours.

typical uncertainty.

0.1%.

imbalance in either lead: >60dB for line

V•Hz (for inputs above 20V).

TEMPERATURE

COEFFICIENT

OPEN LEAD OFFSET ppm of range)/°C

MAXIMUM MAXIMUM

RESISTANCE2COMPENSATION3Outside T

Ω± Ω±

Ω Ω Ω Ω

0.2 V 8 + 1.5

0.2 V 4 + 1.5 –0.2 V to +2 V 2.5+ 0.2 –0.2 V to +2 V 4 + 0.2

Ω Ω Ω

(ppm of reading +

CAL

11 + 0.2 25 + 0.2

250 + 0.2 4000 + 10 4000 + 10

±5

RESISTANCE ACCURACY

RANGE 24 Hours

200

Ω Ω

20 k

200 k

Ω Ω

20 M

200 M

Ω Ω

RESISTANCE UNCERTAINTY =

29 + 7 52 + 7 72 + 7 110 + 7 24 + 7 36 + 7 56 + 7 90 + 7 22 + 4 33 + 4 50 + 4 80 + 4.5 19 + 4 32 + 4 50 + 4 80 + 4.5 20 + 4.5 72 + 4.5 90 + 4.5 130 + 5

50 + 4.5 110 + 4.5 160 + 4.5 230 + 5

160 + 4.5 560 + 4.5 900 + 4.5 1100 + 5

3000 + 100 10000 +100 20000 + 100 30000 + 100

9000 + 100 20000 +100 40000 + 100 60000 + 100

(ppm of reading + ppm of range)

90 Days

[ (ppm of reading) × (measured value) + (ppm

of range) × (range used) ] / 1,000,000.

% ACCURACY = (ppm accuracy) / 10,000. 1PPM OF RANGE = 2 counts for ranges up to 200M

⁄2 digits.

at 6

2-WIRE ACCURACY7

RANGE 20

ADDITIONAL UNCERTAINTY (inside T

CAL

± 5

C) 300 ppm 30 ppm 3 ppm

(ppm of range)

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT

CAL

±5

(outside T

C) 70ppm/°C 7ppm/°C 0.7ppm/°C

1 Year

and 1 count on 1GΩ range

200

2 Years

2 k

(ppm of reading+ppm of range+ppm of range rms noise12)

1PLC 0.1PLC

RANGE DFILT Off DFILT Off DFILT Off

200

20 k

200 k

20 M

200 M

Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω Ω

52+ 7+0.6 52+ 30+10 110+200+ 35 36+ 7+0.6 36+ 30+10 110+200+ 35 33+ 4+0.2 33+ 24+ 1 130+230+ 5 32+ 4+0.2 32+ 24+ 2 130+230+ 5

72+ 4.5+0.5 72+ 25+ 4 150+300+ 10

110+ 4.5+ 2 110+ 25+15 150+300+150

560+ 4.5+ 5 560+ 30+20 560+300+150

10,000+100+ 40 10,000+120+80 10,000+700+250

20,000+100+ 40 20,000+120+80 20,000+700+250

PLC = Power Line Cycles. DFILT = Digital Filter.

SETTLING CHARACTERISTICS: For first reading following step change, add the

total 90-day measurement error for the present range. Pre-programmed settling delay times are for <200pF external circuit capacitance. For 200M

and 1GΩ ranges, add total 1 year errors for first reading following step change. Reading settling times are affected by source impedance and cable dielectric absorption characteristics.

OHMS MEASUREMENT METHOD: Constant current. OFFSET COMPENSATION: Available on 20 OHMS VOLTAGE DROP MEASUREMENT: Available as a multiple display. AUTORANGING: Autoranges up at 105% of range, down at 10% of range.

ACCURACY

– 20kΩ ranges.

0.01PLC

8,11

SPEED AND ACCURACY990 Days

OHMS (cont’d)

2-WIRE RESISTANCE READING RATES

NPLC APERTURE BITS DIGITS Auto Zero Off Auto Zero On Auto Zero Off Auto Zero On Auto Zero Off Auto Zero On

10 167 ms (200 ms) 28 7

MEASUREMENT DEFAULT READINGS/SECOND TO MEMORY READINGS/SECOND TO IEEE-488 TIME STAMP TO IEEE-488

2 33.4 ms (40 ms) 26 7 1 16.7 ms (20 ms) 25 6

0.2

3.34 ms (4 ms) 22 61⁄

1.67 ms (2 ms) 21 51⁄

0.1

334 μs (400 μs) 19 51⁄

0.02

0.01

167 μs (167 μs) 16 41⁄

8,11

167 μs (167 μs) 16 41⁄

0.01

2-WIRE RESISTANCE READING RATES

NPLC APERTURE BITS DIGITS Auto Zero Off Auto Zero On Auto Zero Off Auto Zero On

10 167 ms (200 ms) 28 7

MEASUREMENT DEFAULT READINGS/SECOND TO MEMORY TIME STAMP TO IEEE-488

2 33.4 ms (40 ms) 26 7 1 16.7 ms (20 ms) 25 6

0.1

1.67 ms (2 ms) 21 51⁄

334 μs (400 μs) 19 51⁄

0.02

167 μs (167 μs) 16 41⁄

0.01

4-WIRE RESISTANCE READING RATES

NPLC APERTURE BITS DIGITS Offset Comp. Off Offset Comp. On

10 167 ms (200 ms) 28 7

MEASUREMENT DEFAULT TO MEMORY or IEEE-488, AUTO ZERO ON

2 33.4 ms (40 ms) 26 7 1 16.7 ms (20 ms) 25 6

0.1

1.67 ms (2 ms) 21 51⁄

167 μs (167 μs) 16 41⁄

0.01

10,12

⁄

2 2 2 2 2 2

10,12

⁄

2 2 2 2

10,12

20Ω, 200Ω, 2kΩ, and 20kΩ Ranges

6 (5.1) 2 (1.7) 5 (4) 2 (1.6) 5 (4) 2 (1.6) 30 (25) 8 (7.1) 28 (23) 8 (6.8) 27 (22) 8 (6.7) 58 (48) 40 (34) 53 (45) 37 (32) 49 (41) 35 (31)

219 (189) 109 (97) 197 (162) 97 (87) 140 (129) 79 (74) 300 (300) 126 (118) 248 (245) 112 (108) 164 (163) 89 (88) 300 (300) 130 (130) 249 (249) 114 (114) 165 (165) 91 (91) 421 (421) 135 (135) 306 (306) 114 (114) 189 (189) 92 (92)

2000 (2000) 2000(2000)

20MΩ Range

6 (5.1) 1 (0.8) 2 (1.8) 1 (0.8) 30 (25) 1 (0.8) 16(14.5) 1 (0.8) 58 (48) 4 (3.8) 25 (22) 4 (3.5)

300 (296) 5 (5) 43 (39) 5 (4.7) 300 (300) 5 (5) 43 (43) 5 (5) 412 (412) 5 (5) 43 (43) 5 (5)

Any Range

READINGS or READINGS WITH TIME STAMP/SECOND

⁄

2 2 2

2 (1.6) 0.6 (0.5)

7 (6.1) 2 (1.6) 12 (11.6) 3 (3.7) 20 (20) 6 (6) 21 (21) 7 (7)

READINGS/SECOND WITH

OHMS NOTES

1. Current source is typically ±9% absolute accuracy.

2. Total of measured value and lead resistance cannot exceed full scale.

3. Maximum offset compensation plus source current times measured resistance must be less than source current times resistance range selected.

4. For 2-wire mode.

5. Specifications are for 1 power line cycle, 10 reading digital filter, Auto Zero on, 4-wire mode, offset compensation on (for 20

6. For T

CAL

±1°

(23

7. For T NIST.

C, following 55 minute warm-up. TCAL is ambient temperature at calibration

C at the factory).

CAL

±5°

C, following 55-minute warm-up. Specifications include traceability to US

to 20kΩ ranges).

8. In burst mode, display off. Burst mode requires Auto Zero refresh (by changing resolution or measurement function) once every 24 hours.

CAL

±5°

9. For T same speed accuracy ppm changes to the 1-year or 2-year base accuracy.

10.For DELAY=0, digital filter off, internal trigger, display off. Aperture is reciprocal of line frequency. These rates are for 60Hz and (50Hz). Speed for 200k slower than 20k speed for 1G section for additional detail.

11.Ohms measurements at rates lower than 1 power line cycle are subject to potential noise pickup. Care must be taken to provide adequate shielding.

12.Typical values.

C, 90-day accuracy. 1-year and 2-year accuracy can be found by applying the

range; speed for 2MΩ range is typically 3 times faster than 20MΩ range;

range is typically 30%–50% as fast as 20MΩ range. See Operating Speed

range is typically 10%

DC AMPS

DCI INPUT CHARACTERISTICS AND ACCURACY

RANGE SCALE RESOLUTION RESOLUTION VOLTAGE

200

2 mA 2.1000000 100 pA 1 nA 0.31 V 64 + 20 300 + 20 400 + 20 750 + 20 58 + 5

20 mA 21.000000 1 nA 10 nA 0.4 V 65 + 20 300 + 20 400 + 20 750 + 20 58 + 5

200 mA 210.00000 10 nA 100 nA 0.5 V 96 + 20 300 + 20 500 + 20 750 + 20 58 + 5

2 A 2.1000000 100 nA 1

DC CURRENT UNCERTAINTY = % ACCURACY = (ppm accuracy) / 10,000. 10PPM OF RANGE = 20 counts at 6

DCI READING RATES

NPLC APERTURE BITS DIGITS Auto Zero Off Auto Zero On Auto Zero Off Auto Zero On Auto Zero Off Auto Zero On

10 167 ms (200 ms) 28 7

FULL DEFAULT BURDEN

A 210.00000 10 pA 100 pA 0.25 V 63 + 25 300 + 25 500 + 25 1350 + 25 58 + 7

A 1.5 V 500 + 20 600 + 20 900 + 20 1350 + 20 58 + 5

[ (ppm reading)×(measured value) + (ppm of range)×(range used)] / 1,000,000.

⁄2 digits.

5,9

MEASUREMENT DEFAULT READINGS/SECOND TO MEMORY READINGS/SECOND TO IEEE-488 TIME STAMP TO IEEE-488

⁄

2 33.4 ms (40 ms) 26 7 1 16.7 ms (20 ms) 25 6

0.2 3.34 ms (4 ms) 22 6

0.1 1.67 ms (2 ms) 21 5

0.02 334

0.01 167

0.01

s (400 μs) 19 51⁄

s (167 μs) 16 41⁄

167 μs (167 μs) 16 41⁄

⁄

2 2 2 2

MAXIMUM ACCURACY

(ppm of reading + ppm of range) ±(ppm of reading + ppm of range)/°C

24 Hours290 Days31 Year

2 Years

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT

Outside T

CAL

±5°

READINGS/SECOND WITH

6 (5.1) 2 (1.7) 6 (4.8) 2 (1.6) 6 (4.8) 2 (1.6) 30 (24) 10 (8.2) 28 (23) 9 (7.8) 27 (22) 9 (7.7) 57 (48) 45 (38) 53 (45) 41 (35) 48 (41) 40 (32)

217 (195) 122 (111) 186 (168) 109 (98) 135 (125) 88 (85) 279 (279) 144 (144) 234 (229) 123 (123) 158 (156) 99 (98) 279 (279) 148 (148) 234 (234) 130 (130) 158 (158) 101 (101) 298 (298) 150 (150) 245 (245) 132 (132) 164 (164) 102 (102)

2000 (2000) 2000 (2000)

DC AMPS (cont’d)

SPEED AND ACCURACY890 Days

(ppm of reading+ppm of range+ppm of range rms noise9)

1PLC 0.1PLC 0.01PLC

RANGE DFILT Off DFILT Off DFILT Off

200

A 300+25+0.3 300+50+8 300+200+80

2 mA 300+20+0.3 300+45+8 300+200+80

20 mA 300+20+0.3 300+45+8 300+200+80

200 mA 300+20+0.3 300+45+8 300+200+80

2 A 600+20+0.3 600+45+8 600+200+80

PLC = Power Line Cycle. DFILT = Digital Filter.

ACCURACY

DC AMPS NOTES

1. Specifications are for 1 power line cycle, Auto Zero on, 10 reading digital filter.

2. For T

CAL

± 1°

3. For T NIST.

4. Add 50 ppm of range for current above 0.5A for self heating.

5. For DELAY=0, digital filter off, display off. Internal trigger. Aperture is reciprocal of line frequency. These rates are for 60Hz and (50Hz). See Operating Speed section for additional detail.

C, following 55 minute warm-up.

CAL

± 5°

C, following 55 minute warm-up. Specifications include traceability to US

DC IN-CIRCUIT CURRENT

The DC in-circuit current measurement function allows a user to measure the current through a wire or a circuit board trace without breaking the circuit.

When the In-Circuit Current Measurement function is selected, the 2001 will first perform a 4-wire resistance measurement, then a voltage measurement, and will display the calculated current.

TYPICAL RANGES:

Current: 100 Trace Resistance: 1m Voltage: Speed: 4 measurements/second at 1 power line cycle. Accuracy:

A to 12A.

to 10Ω typical.

200mV max. across trace.

(5% + 2 counts). For 1 power line cycle, Auto Zero on, 10

reading digital filter, T

CAL

±5°C, after being properly zeroed.

90 days, 1 year or 2 years.

SETTLING CHARACTERISTICS: <500

times are affected by source impedance and cable dielectric absorption characteristics. Add 50ppm of range for first reading after range change.

s to 50ppm of step size. Reading settling

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE INPUT: 2.1A, 250V. OVERLOAD PROTECTION: 2A fuse (250V), accessible from front (for front input)

and rear (for rear input).

AUTORANGING: Autoranges up at 105% of range, down at 10% of range.

6. Actual maximum voltage burden = (maximum voltage burden) × (I

7. In burst mode, display off. Burst mode requires Auto Zero refresh (by changing resolution or measurement function) once every 24 hours.

8. For T

CAL

±5°

same speed accuracy ppm changes to the 1-year or 2-year base accuracy.

9. Typical values.

C, 90-day accuracy. 1-year and 2-year accuracy can be found by applying the

MEASURED/IFULL SCALE).

MEASUREMENT RANGE CHART

10 Ω

100mΩ

10 mΩ

Trace Resistance

1m Ω

1Ω

Specified

Measurement

Range

1m A 10mA 100mA 1A 10 A 100A10 0μA

Measured Current

AC AMPS

AC magnitude: RMS or Average.

ACI INPUT CHARACTERISTICS

RMS PEAK FULL SCALE DEFAULT BURDEN

RANGE INPUT RMS RESOLUTION RESOLUTION VOLTAGE

200

A 1 mA 210.0000 100 pA 1 nA 0.25 V 0.01 + 0.001

2 mA 10 mA 2.100000 1 nA 10 nA 0.31 V 0.01 + 0.001

20 mA 100 mA 21.00000 10 nA 100 nA 0.4 V 0.01 + 0.001

MAXIMUM COEFFICIENT

200 mA 1 A 210.0000 100 nA 1

2 A 2 A 2.100000 1

ACI ACCURACY

1,2

90 Days, 1 Year or 2 Years, T

CAL

±5°C, for 5% to 100% of range, ±(% of reading + % of range)

A 10 μA 1.5 V 0.01 + 0.001

RANGE 20Hz–50Hz 50Hz–200Hz 200Hz–1kHz 1kHz–10kHz 10kHz–30kHz

A 0.5 V 0.01 + 0.001

30kHz–50kHz350kHz–100kHz

200μA 0.35 + 0.015 0.2 + 0.015 0.4 + 0.015 0.5 + 0.015

2 mA 0.3 + 0.015 0.15 + 0.015 0.12 + 0.015 0.12 + 0.015 0.25 + 0.015 0.3 + 0.015 0.5 + 0.015

20 mA 0.3 + 0.015 0.15 + 0.015 0.12 + 0.015 0.12 + 0.015 0.25 + 0.015 0.3 + 0.015 0.5 + 0.015

200 mA 0.3 + 0.015 0.15 + 0.015 0.12 + 0.015 0.15 + 0.015 0.5 + 0.015 1 + 0.015 3 + 0.015

2 A 0.35 + 0.015 0.2 + 0.015 0.3 + 0.015 0.45 + 0.015 1 .5 + 0.015 4 + 0.015

AC CURRENT UNCERTAINTY =

range) × (range used) ] / 100.

PPM ACCURACY = (% accuracy) × 10,000.

0.015% OF RANGE = 30 counts at 5

[ (% of reading) × (measured value) + (% of

⁄2 digits.

AC COUPLING:

For AC only coupling, add the following % of reading:

20–50Hz 50–100Hz 100–200Hz

rms, Average 0.55 0.09 0.015

AC+DC COUPLING:

For DC>20% of AC rms voltage, apply the following

additional uncertainty, multiplied by the ratio (DC/AC rms).

% of Reading % of Range

rms, Average 0.05 0.1

TEMPERATURE

(% of reading + % of range)/°C

Outside T

CAL

±5°C

AC AMPS (cont’d)

ACI READING RATES

NPLC APERTURE BITS DIGITS Auto Zero Off Auto Zero On Auto Zero Off Auto Zero On Auto Zero Off Auto Zero On

10 167 ms (200 ms) 28 6

MEASUREMENT DEFAULT READINGS/SECOND TO MEMORY READINGS/SECOND TO IEEE-488 TIME STAMP TO IEEE-488

2 33.4 ms (40 ms) 26 5 1 16.7 ms (20 ms) 25 5

0.1 1.67 ms (2 ms) 21 5

0.01 167

0.01

167 μs (167 μs) 16 41⁄

3,4

s (167 μs) 16 41⁄

⁄

2 2 2

6 (5.1) 2 (1.7) 6 (4.9) 2 (1.6) 6 (4.8) 2 (1.6) 30 (25) 9 (7.9) 28 (23) 9 (7.6) 27 (22) 9 (7.5) 57 (48) 39 (35) 53 (45) 37 (33) 49 (41) 34 (30)

157 (136) 70 (70) 123 (123) 62 (62) 107 (107) 56 (53) 156 (136) 70 (70) 140 (140) 63 (63) 113 (113) 56 (56)

2000 (2000) 2000 (2000)

READINGS/SECOND WITH

SETTLING CHARACTERISTICS: <300ms to 1% of step change

<450ms to 0.1% of step change <500ms to 0.01% of step change

AUTORANGING: Autoranges up at 105% of range, down at 10% of range.

HIGH CREST FACTOR ADDITIONAL ERROR

(% of reading)

Applies to rms measurements.

CREST FACTOR 1 – 2 2 – 3 3 – 4 4 – 5 ADDITIONAL ERROR 0 0.1 0.2 0.4

AVERAGE ACI MEASUREMENT

Rms specifications apply for 10% to 100% of range.

AC AMPS NOTES

1. Specifications apply for sinewave input, AC+DC coupling, 1 power line cycle, digital filter off, following 55 minute warm-up.

2. Add 0.005% of range uncertainty for current above 0.5A rms for self-heating.

3. Typical values.

4. For DELAY=0, digital filter off, display off, internal trigger. Aperture is reciprocal of line frequency. These rates are for 60Hz and (50Hz).

5. Actual maximum voltage burden = (maximum voltage burden) × (I

6. In burst mode, display off. Burst mode requires Auto Zero refresh (by changing resolution or measurement function) once every 24 hours.

FREQUENCY COUNTER

FREQUENCY/PERIOD INPUT CHARACTERISTICS AND ACCURACY

FREQUENCY PERIOD DEFAULT MINIMUM SIGNAL LEVEL MAXIMUM TRIGGER ACCURACY

AC Voltage Input 1Hz–15 MHz 67 ns – 1 s 5 digits 60 mV 60 mV 350 mV 1100 V pk AC Current Input 1Hz– 1 MHz 1

MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE: Unique pulse count/time count at overflow. TIME BASE: 7.68MHz

READING TIME: 420ms maximum.

RANGE

0.01%, 0°C to 55°C.

RANGE RESOLUTION 1Hz–1MHz 1–5MHz 5–15MHz INPUT LEVEL

s – 1 s 5 digits 150 μA 1 A pk 0–600mA 0.03

FREQUENCY NOTES

1. Subject to 2 × 107V•Hz product (for inputs above 20V).

TEMPERATURE (RTD)

RANGE LUTION 1 Hour290 Days 1 Year 2 Years

–100

to +100°C 0.001°C

to +630°C 0.001°C

–200

to +180°F 0.001°F

–212

to +1102°F 0.001°F

–360

RTD TYPE: 100

RESO- 4-WIRE ACCURACY

0.005°C±0.05°C±0.08°C±0.12°C

0.005°C±0.12°C±0.14°C±0.18°C

0.009°F±0.09°F±0.15°F±0.22°F

0.009°F±0.15°F±0.18°F±0.33°F

platinum; DIN 43 760 or IPTS-68, alpha 0.00385, 0.00390,

0.003916, or 0.00392, 4-wire.

MAXIMUM LEAD RESISTANCE (each lead): 12

(to achieve rated accuracy).

SENSOR CURRENT: 1mA (pulsed).

COMMON MODE REJECTION: <0.005

(100

imbalance, LO driven).

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT:

C outside T

CAL

±5°C.

RTD TEMPERATURE READING RATES

C/V at DC, 50Hz, 60Hz and 400Hz,

(0.0013% + 0.005°C)/°C or ±(0.0013% + 0.01°F)/

(2- or 4-Wire)

READINGS or READINGS WITH TIME STAMP/SECOND

NPLC Auto Zero Off Auto Zero On

TO MEMORY or IEEE-488

10 1 (1) 1 (1)

2 5 (4.3) 4 (3.6) 1 7 (6.5) 6 (5.5)

0.1 12 (10.8) 9 (9)

0.01 12 (12) 10 (10)

90 Days, 1 Year, or 2 Years

TRIGGER LEVEL ADJUSTMENT: Trigger level is adjustable in 0.5% of range steps

60% of range in real-time using the up and down range buttons.

FREQUENCY RANGING: Autoranging from Hz to MHz. FREQUENCY COUPLING: AC + DC or AC only.

TEMPERATURE (Thermocouple)

THERMO-

COUPLE DEFAULT

TYPE RANGE RESOLUTION ACCURACY

J –200° to + 760°C 0.1°C

K –200

T –200 E –200 R0

S0 B +350

TC TEMPERATURE READING RATES

READINGS/SECOND READINGS/SECOND WITH TIME STAMP

NPLC Off On Off On Off On

10 6 (5.1) 2 (1.7) 4 (3.4) 2 (1.4) 4 (3.4) 2 (1.4)

2 30 (25) 9 (7.6) 28 (23) 9 (7.3) 27 (22) 8 (7.2) 1 57 (48) 43 (37) 53 (45) 40 (32) 49 (41) 37 (30)

0.1 139 (139) 95 (95) 126 (123) 85 (84) 99 (99) 72 (72)

0.01 177 (177) 98 (98) 156 (156) 87 (87) 119 (119) 73 (73)

TEMPERATURE NOTES

1. Typical speeds for Auto Zero on. For DELAY=0, digital filter off, display off, internal trigger. Rates are for 60Hz and (50Hz).

2. For ambient temperature

3. Excluding probe errors. T

4. Relative to external 0 temperature may be external. Applies for 90 days, 1 year or 2 years, T

to +1372°C 0.1°C

to + 400°C 0.1°C

to +1000°C 0.1°C

to +1768°C1

to +1820°C1

TO MEMORY TO IEEE-488 TO IEEE-488

Auto Zero Auto Zero Auto Zero

±1°

C, measured temperature ±10°C, 10-reading digital filter.

CAL

±5°

C reference junction; exclusive of thermocouple errors. Junction

0–600V 0.03

READINGS/SECOND

MEASURED/IFULL SCALE).

(% of reading)

0.5°C

0.6°C

±3°

±5°

CAL

±5°

OPERATING SPEED

The following diagram illustrates the factors that determine a DMM’s reading rate.

GPIB

Command

Receive and

Interpret

Function,

Trigger

Speed or

Link

Ext.

Trigger

Trigger Control

Measurement

Measure

Engineering Units Conversion

Math, Limits Calculation

Formatting

GPIB Data

Transmission

Stored

Setup

Change

Range

Measurement

Change

Auto ZeroOnAuto Zero

Auto Zero On

Settle

Memory

Display Update

Data

Settle

Off

Auto Zero Off

Command Receive and Interpret Speed

Function Change Speed Range Change Speed Measurement Speed Change Time

Trigger Speed

Settling Times (included in reading rates)

Function Reading Rates to Memory (see rates for each measurement function). Autorange Speed (if on)

Engineering Units Conversion Speed (included in reading rates for multiple measurements; add to total time for single measurements only)

Math Speed (only if Math on)

Stop here for Speed to Memory.

Data Format Speed

Data Transfer Ratess Display Speed

Function Readin Rates to GPIB (see rates for eac measurement function).

COMMAND RECEIVE AND INTERPRET SPEED

FASTEST TYPICAL SLOWEST

Time per character 0.16 ms 0.28 ms 0.66 ms Characters per second 6250 3751 1515

TYPICAL COMMAND TIMES Receive and Rate Command Interpret Time (per second)

SENSE1:VOLTAGE:AC: RESOLUTION MAXIMUM 9.4 ms 106

VOLT:AC:RES:MAX 4.1 ms 243 SENSE1:FUNC 'VOLT:AC" 6.3 ms 158 RESISTANCE:RANGE:UPPER 1E9 9.0 ms 111 STATUS:QUEUE:CLEAR 5.1 ms 196 STAT:QUE:CLE 3.1 ms 322 *TRG 1.2 ms 833

MEASUREMENT SPEED CHANGE TIMES

Typical delay before first reading after making a speed change.

FUNCTION From To Time Time

≤

DCV, DCI, ACI Any

ACV Any

Ohms (2-wire) Any

Ohms (4-wire) Any

TC Temperature Any

0.1 PLC 66 ms 44 ms Any 1 PLC 190 ms 140 ms Any 10 PLC 1540 ms 1195 ms

≤

0.1 PLC 120 ms 100 ms Any 1 PLC 250 ms 197 ms Any 10 PLC 1600 ms 1250 ms

≤

0.1 PLC 69 ms 57 ms Any 1 PLC 195 ms 170 ms Any 10 PLC 1540 ms 1370 ms

≤

0.1 PLC 110 ms 46 ms Any 1 PLC 240 ms 165 ms Any 10 PLC 1590 ms 1370 ms

≤

0.1 PLC 80 ms 55 ms Any 1 PLC 195 ms 170 ms Any 10 PLC 1545 ms 1370 ms

AUTO ZERO OFF AUTO ZERO ON

1,2

FUNCTION CHANGE SPEED

FROM TO RATE RATE Function Function Range(s) TIME (per second) TIME (per second)

Any DCV 200mV, 2V 8.1ms 120 36 ms 27

AUTO ZERO OFF AUTO ZERO ON

20V 8.1 ms 120 8.6ms 110

200V 2 4 ms 4 0 5 2 ms 1 9

1000V 1 1 ms 16 0 10.2 ms 19 0

Any ACV Any 5 6 3 ms 1. 8 56 3 m s 1. 8

Any except ACI DCI 200μA, 2mA, 20mA 4.5 ms 220 5.1ms 190 ACI Any 21.1 ms 4 5 2 2 ms 45

200mA, 2A 6.0ms 160 6.6 ms 150

Any ACI Any 5 2 1 ms 1. 9 52 1 m s 1. 9

Any Ohms (2-wire) 20Ω, 200Ω, 2kΩ, 20k

Any Ohms (4-wire) 20

Any except ACI and Ohms Frequency ACI, Ohms (4-wire) Any 7 9 ms 12 75 ms 13 Ohms (2-wire) Any 418 ms 2 416 ms 2

Any RTD Temp. (2-wire) Any 6 .0 ms 16 5 3 3 ms 3 0

RTD Temp. (4-wire) Any 11.5 ms 150 37 ms 27 TC Temp. An y 8 . 0 m s 1 2 5 3 5 m s 2 8

200k

20M

200MΩ, 1G

, 200Ω, 2kΩ, 20kΩ12 ms 140 34.1 ms 2 9

200k

Any 61 ms 16 60 ms 17

6.0 ms 16 5 3 4 ms 29 26 ms 38 61 ms 16 95 ms 10.5 425 ms 2.4

265 ms 4 690 ms 1.4 366 ms 3 5.5ms 180

26 ms 38 60 ms 16

OPERATING SPEED (cont’d)

RANGE CHANGE SPEED

FUNCTION From To TIME (per second) TIME (per second)

DCV 200mV, 2V 20V 4.5 ms 220 3.1 ms 190

ACV Any Any 5 6 3 ms 1 . 8 56 3 ms 1 . 8 DCI An y 200

ACI Any Any 5 25 ms 1 . 9 5 25 ms 1 . 9 Ohms (2-wire) Any 20

Ohms (4-wire) Any 20

200V, 1000V 20V 8.0 ms 120 8.6 ms 110

200mV, 2V, 20V 200mV, 2V, 20V 4.5 ms 220 36 ms 27

200V, 1000V 200mV, 2V 8.0 ms 120 38 ms 26

200mV, 2V, 20V 200V 24 ms 41 52 ms 19

1000V 200V 9 ms 110 37 ms 27

Any 1000V 11 ms 165 10.1 ms 190

A, 2mA, 20mA 4.5 ms 220 5.2ms 190

200mA, 2A 6.0ms 160 6.6 ms 150

Any 200k Any 2M Any 20M Any 200MΩ, 1G

Any 200k

, 200Ω, 2kΩ, 20k

AUTO ZERO OFF AUTO ZERO ON

6.0 ms 16 0 3 4 ms 2 9 26 ms 38 66 ms 15 95 ms 10 420 ms 2.3

265 ms 3.7 690 ms 1.4 366 ms 2.7 5.5ms 180

8 ms 160 34 ms 29

26 ms 38 66 ms 16

RATE RATE

TRIGGER SPEED (External Trigger or Trigger-Link)

Trigger Latency: 1.2 ms typical 2 Trigger Jitter:

Auto Zero On Auto Zero Off

0.5 μs

ENGINEERING UNIT CONVERSION SPEED

MATH AND LIMITS CALCULATION SPEED

CALCULATION TIME RATE (per second) TIME

mX + b 0.35 ms 2850 0.44 ms Percent 0.60 ms 1660 0.64 ms

Limits None 0.07 ms 0.08 ms

NOMINAL NOMINAL MAXIMUM

0.35 ms 2850 0.37 ms

Included in reading times for multiple measurements; add to total time for single measurements only.

CONFIGURATION TIME RATE (per second)

DCV 2.4 ms 416 DCV, Filter on 2.4 ms 416 DCV, Relative on 2.5 ms 400 DCV, Ratio on 3.7 ms 270 ACV 5.3 ms 188 ACV, Relative on 5.3 ms 188 ACV, Filter on 6.8 ms 147 ACV, dB 9.4 ms 106 ACV, dBm 17.3 ms 57

GPIB DATA FORMATTING TRANSMISSION TIME

READINGS READINGS WITH

FORMAT Time Rdg./s Time Rdg./s

DREAL (Double precision real) 0.30 ms 3330 2.0 ms 500

SREAL (Single precision real) 0.37 ms 2710 2.1 ms 475

ASCII 3.9 ms 255 8.2 ms 120

ONLY TIME STAMP

DISPLAY SPEED

Display updated at up to 20 times per second. Display update can be suspended by holding the display (press ENTER) or setting Display Enable Off from GPIB.

SINGLE FUNCTION SCAN SPEED4 (Internal Scanner)

2-Wire Ohms 4-Wire Ohms TC RTD

DCV (20V)

Time Rate Time Rate Time Rate Time Rate Time Rate Time Rate Time Rate

per (Chan./ per (Chan./ per (Chan./ per (Chan./ per (Chan./ per (Chan./ per (Chan./

TYPE Chan. second) Chan. second) Chan. second) Chan. second) Chan. second) Chan. second) Chan. second)

Ratio or Delta (2 channels) 4 ms 250 4.4 ms 230 18.5 ms 54

Fast Scan (using solid state channels) 5.5 ms 181 7 ms 140 520 ms 1.9 958 ms 1 13.8 ms 72

Normal Scan 10.3 ms 97 12.1 ms 80 21 ms 47 532 ms 1.8 974 ms 1 18 ms 55 95 ms 10

(2kΩ)

ACV Frequency Temperature Temperature (2-Wire)

MIXED FUNCTION SCAN SPEED1 (Internal Scanner)

SCAN CONFIGURATION Average Time/ Average Rate (Channels) Channel (Channel/s)

5 chan. DCV, 5 chan. 2w

3 DCV, 3 2w 5 2wRTD, 5 TC 60 ms 17 5 2w

, 4 TC 22 ms 45

, 5 2wRTD 60 ms 17 9 DCV, 1 ACV 73 ms 13 2 DCV, 1 ACV, 2 2w 5 DCV, 5 Freq. 490 ms 2 3 DCV, 3 ACV, 2 4w

, 1 4w

20 ms 50

122 ms 8 220 ms 5

OPERATING SPEED NOTES

1. With Display off, 1 power line cycle, autorange off, filter off, triggers halted. Display on may impact time by 3% worst case. To eliminate this impact press ENTER (hold) to lock out display from front panel.

2. Based on using 20V, 2k

3. Auto Zero off, using 386SX/16 computer, average time for 1000 readings, byte order swapped, front panel disabled.

4. Typical times for 0.01 power line cycle, autorange off, Delay=0, 100 measurements into buffer.

5. Ratio and delta functions output one value for each pair of measurements.

6. Time to measure, evaluate limits, and set digital outputs are found by summing measurement time with limits calculation time.

7. Auto Zero off.

8. Based on 100kHz input frequency.

, 200mA ranges.

DELAY AND TIMER

TIME STAMP

Resolution: 1 Accuracy: Maximum: 2,100,000.000 000 seconds (24 days, 20 hours).

DELAY TIME (Trigger edge to reading initiation)

Maximum: 999,999.999 seconds (11 days, 12 hours). Resolution: 1ms. Jitter:

TIMER (Reading initiation to reading initiation)

Maximum: 999,999.999 seconds (11 days, 12 hours). Resolution: 1ms. Jitter:

NOTE: To find measurement speed, see each measurement section.

1ms.

0.01% ±1μs.

MAXIMUM INPUT LEVELS

RATED RECOVERY

INPUT

HI to LO HI Sense to LO LO Sense to LO I Input to LO 2A, HI to Earth LO to Earth

1. For voltages between other terminals, these ratings can be algebraically added.

1100V pk < 900 ms

350V pk 250V rms < 900 ms

250V (fused) —

1600V < 900 ms

500V

OVERLOAD

TIME

IEEE-488 BUS IMPLEMENTATION

IMPLEMENTATION: IEEE-488.2, SCPI-1991.0. MULTILINE COMMANDS: DCL, LLO, SDC, GET, GTL, UNT, UNL, SPE, SPD. UNILINE COMMANDS: IFC, REN, EOI, SRQ, ATN.

DIGITAL I/O

CONNECTOR TYPE: 8 pin “D” subminiature. INPUT: One pin, TTL compatible. OUTPUTS: Four pins. Open collector, 30V maximum pull-up voltage, 100mA

INTERFACE COMMANDS: SH1, AH1, T5, TE0, L4, LE0, SR1, RL1, PP0, DC1,

DT1, C0, E1.

CONTROL: Direct control by output or set real-time with limits.

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS COMPLIANCE

POWER

Voltage: 90–134V and 180–250V, universal self-selecting. Frequency: 50Hz, 60Hz, or 400Hz self-identifying. Consumption: <55VA.

ENVIRONMENTAL

Operating Temperature: 0 Storage Temperature: –40 Humidity: 80% R.H., 0

C to 50 °C.

C to 70 °C.

C to 35°C, per MIL-T-28800E1 Para 4.5.5.1.2.

NORMAL CALIBRATION

Type: Software. No manual adjustments required. Sources: 2 DC voltages (2V, 20V) and 2 resistances (19k and 1M). Different

calibration source values are allowed. All other functions calibrated (adjusted) from these sources and a short circuit. No AC calibrator required for adjustment.

PHYSICAL

Case Dimensions: 90mm high × 214mm wide × 369mm deep (3

⁄2 in.).

⁄2 in. × 81⁄2 in. ×

Working Dimensions: From front of case to rear including power cord and

IEEE-488 connector: 15.0 inches.

Net Weight: <4.2kg (<9.2 lbs.). Shipping Weight: <9.1kg (<20lbs.).

STANDARDS

EMI/RFI: Conforms to VDE 0871B (per Vfg 1046/1984), IEC 801-2. Meets FCC

Safety: Conforms to IEC348, CAN/CSA-C22.2. No. 231, MIL-T-28800E

Reliability: MIL-T-28800E Maintainability: MIL-T-28800E MTTR: <90 minutes (includes disassembly and assembly, excludes recalibra-

MTBF, Estimated: >75,000 hours (Bellcore method). MTBF is Mean Time

MTTC: <20 minutes for normal calibration. <6 minutes for AC self-calibration.

Process: MIL-STD 45662A and BS5750.

ACCESSORIES SUPPLIED

The unit is shipped with line cord, high performance modular test leads, user’s manual, option slot cover, and full calibration data. A personal computer startup package is available free.

Note 1: For MIL-T-28800E, applies to Type III, Class 5, Style E.

maximum sink current, 10

output impedance.

part 15 Class B, CISPR-22 (EN55022).

Designed to UL1244.

tion). MTTR is Mean Time To Repair.

Between Failure.

MTTC is Mean Time To Calibrate.

EXTENDED MEMORY / NON-VOLATILE MEMORY OPTIONS

DATA STORAGE

MODEL (Bytes) 4

SIZE 6

2001 8k 850 250 volatile 1 non-volatile 2001/MEM1 32k 7,000 1,400 non-volatile 5 non-volatile 2001/MEM2 128k 30,000 6,000 non-volatile 10 non-volatile

Specifications subject to change without notice.

⁄2-Digit w/Time Stamp Type Number Type

⁄2-Digit SETUP STORAGE

Calibration Programs

Introduction

This appendix includes programs written in QuickBASIC and Turbo C to aid you in calibrating the Model 2001. Programs include:

• Comprehensive calibration programs for use with any suitable calibrator.

• Comprehensive calibration programs for use with the Fluke 5700A Calibrator.

• Low-level calibration programs for use with the Fluke 5700A Calibrator.

Refer to Section 2 for more details on calibration procedures.

QuickBASIC program requirements

In order to use the QuickBASIC programs, you will need the following:

• IBM PC, AT, or compatible computer.

• IOtech Personal488, CEC PC-488, or National Instruments PC-II or IIA IEEE-488 interface for the computer.

• Shielded IEEE-488 cable(s) (Keithley Model 7007).

• MS-DOS or PC-DOS version 3.3 or later.

• Microsoft QuickBASIC version 4.0 or later.

• IOtech Driver488 IEEE-488 bus driver, Rev. 2.3 or later. (NOTE: recent versions of Driver488 may not support other manufacturers’ interface cards).

Turbo C program requirements

In order to use the Turbo C programs, you will need the following:

• IBM PC, AT, or compatible computer.

• IOtech Personal488, CEC PC-488, or National Instruments PC-II or IIA IEEE-488 interface for the computer.

• Shielded IEEE-488 cable(s) (Keithley Model 7007).

• MS-DOS or PC-DOS version 3.3 or later.

• Borland Turbo C version 2.0 or later.

• IOtech Driver488 IEEE-488 bus driver, Rev. 2.3 or later. (NOTE: recent versions of Driver488 may not support other manufacturers’ interface cards).

Calibration equipment

Table B-1 summarizes recommended comprehensive calibration equipment, and Table B-1 summarizes test equipment required for low-level calibration.

B-1

Calibration Programs

Table B-1

Recommended equipment for comprehensive calibration

Mfg. Model Description Specifications*

Fluke 5700A Calibrator ±5ppm basic uncertainty.

Keithley 8610 Low-thermal Shorting Plug

* 90-day calibrator specifications shown include total uncertainty at specified output. The 2V output includes 0.5ppm transfer uncertainty.

Table B-1

Recommended equipment for low-level calibration

Mfg. Model Description Specifications*

Fluke 5700A Calibrator ±5ppm basic uncertainty.

Keithley 3930A Synthesizer 2V rms @ 1Hz Keithley 8610 Low-thermal Shorting Plug

* 90-day calibrator specifications shown include total uncertainty at specified output. The ±2V output includes 0.5ppm transfer uncertainty.

DC voltage:

2V: ±5ppm 20V: ±5ppm

Resistance:

19k¾: ±11ppm 1M¾: ±18ppm

DC voltage:

0V: ±0.75µV

-2V, +2V: ±5ppm 20V: ±5ppm

DC current:

200mA: ±65ppm 2A: ±90ppm

AC voltage:

0.5mV @ 1kHz: ±10000ppm 5mV @ 100kHz: ±2400ppm 200mV @ 1kHz: ±150ppm

1.5V @ 1kHz: ±80ppm 20V @ 1kHz: ±80ppm 20V @ 30kHz: ±140ppm 200V @ 1kHz: ±85ppm 200V @ 30kHz: ±240ppm

AC current:

20mA @ 1kHz: ±160ppm

Resistance:

19k¾: ±11ppm 1M¾: ±18ppm

B-2

Calibration Programs

General program instructions

1. With the power off, connect the Model 2001 to the IEEE-488 interface of the computer. If you are using one of the programs that controls the Fluke 5700A calibrator, connect the calibrator to the IEEE-488 bus as well. Be sure to use shielded IEEE-488 cables for bus connections.

2. Turn on the computer, the Model 2001, and the calibrator. Allow the Model 2001 to warm up for at least one hour before performing calibration.

3. Make sure the Model 2001 is set for a primary address of 16. You can check or change the address as follows:

A. Press MENU, select GPIB, then press ENTER. B. Select MODE, then press ENTER. C. Select ADDRESSABLE, and press ENTER. D. If the address is set correctly, press EXIT as neces-

sary to return to normal display.

E. To change the address, use the cursor keys to set the

address to the desired value, then press ENTER. Press EXIT as necessary to return to normal display.

4. If you are using the Fluke 5700A calibrator over the bus (Program B-3 through Program B-6), make sure that the calibrator primary address is at its factory default setting of 4.

5. Make sure that the computer bus driver software is properly initialized.

6. Enter the QuickBASIC or Turbo C editor, and type in the desired program. Check thoroughly for errors, then save it using a convenient filename.

7. Compile and run the program, and follow the prompts on the screen to perform calibration.

Unlocking calibration

Comprehensive calibration

Programs B-1 and B-2 will perform semi-automatic comprehensive calibration of the Model 2001 using any suitable calibrator (see Table B-1 for required calibrator specifications). Programs B-3 and B-4 will perform comprehensive calibration almost fully automatically using the Fluke 5700A calibrator.

Figure B-1 shows low-thermal short connections, while Figure B-2 shows calibrator connections.

Low-level calibration

Programs B-5 and B-6 perform low-level calibration using the Fluke 5700A calibrator. Refer to Figure B-1 and B-3 for low-thermal short and calibrator voltage connections. Figure B-4 shows calibrator current connections. Figure B-5 shows synthesizer connections necessary to supply the 2V AC @ 1Hz signal.

NOTE

Low-level calibration is not normally required in the field unless the Model 2001 has been repaired.

Model 2001

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4 FREQ TEMP

DISPLAY

REL TRIG STORE RECALL

POWER

INFO LOCAL CHAN SCAN CONFIG MENU EXIT ENTER

2001 MULTIMETER

FILTER MATH

S+ HI

SENSE

Ω 4 WIRE

350V PEAK

INPUTS

FRONT/REAR

CAL

RANGE

AUTO

RANGE

INPUT

1100V PEAK

500V PEAK

2A 250V

AMPS

Model 8610 Low-thermal short

In order to unlock comprehensive calibration, briefly press in on the CAL switch with the power turned on. To unlock lowlevel calibration, press in and hold the CAL switch while turning on the power.

LOS-

Figure B-1

Low-thermal short connections

B-3

Calibration Programs

Sense HI

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4

DISPLAY

REL TRIG STORE RECALL

POWER

INFO LOCAL CHAN SCAN CONFIG MENU EXIT ENTER

Model 2001

2001 MULTIMETER

FREQ TEMP

FILTER MATH

SENSE

INPUT

Ω 4 WIRE

350V PEAK

INPUTS

RANGE

FRONT/REAR

AUTO

RANGE

Input HI

1100V

PEAK

500V PEAK

2A 250V

AMPS

CAL

Input LO

Sense LO

Note : Use shielded cables to minimize noise. Enable or disable calibrator external sense as indicated in procedure. Use internal Guard (EX GRD LED is off).

Figure B-2

Calibration connection for comprehensive calibration

Sense HI

Output HI

Output LO

Sense LO

5700A Calibrator

Ground link installed.

Model 2001

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4

DISPLAY

REL TRIG STORE RECALL

POWER

INFO LOCAL CHAN SCAN CONFIG MENU EXIT ENTER

FREQ TEMP

FILTER MATH

Figure B-3

Calibration voltage connections

2001 MULTIMETER

RANGE

AUTO

RANGE

5700A Calibrator

Input HI

SENSE

INPUT

Ω 4 WIRE

350V

1100V

PEAK

500V PEAK

INPUTS

FRONT/REAR

2A 250V

AMPS

CAL

Input LO

Output HI

Output LO

Ground link installed.

Note: Use internal Guard (EX GRD LED is off).

B-4

5700A Calibrator

Calibration Programs

Model 2001

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4

DISPLAY

REL TRIG STORE RECALL

POWER

INFO LOCAL CHAN SCAN CONFIG MENU EXIT ENTER

FILTER MATH

Figure B-4

Calibration current connections

Model 2001

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4 FREQ TEMP

DISPLAY

REL TRIG STORE RECALL

POWER

INFO LOCAL CHAN SCAN CONFIG MENU EXIT ENTER

FILTER MATH

2001 MULTIMETER

FREQ TEMP

2001 MULTIMETER

SENSE

Ω 4 WIRE

350V PEAK

INPUTS

RANGE

FRONT/REAR

AUTO

RANGE

CAL

Input

INPUT

1100V PEAK

500V PEAK

2A 250V

AMPS

Output HI

Amps

Output LO

Ground link installed.

Note: Use internal Guard (EX GRD LED is off).

BNC-to-Dual Banana Plug

Model 3930A Synthesizer

3930A MULTIFUNCTION SYNTHESIZER

Adapter

SENSE

INPUT

Ω 4 WIRE

350V

1100V

PEAK

500V

INPUTS

PEAK

RANGE

FRONT/REAR

AUTO

RANGE

2A 250V

AMPS

CAL

Function

Output

Figure B-5

Synthesizer connections

50Ω BNC Coaxial Cable

B-5

Calibration Programs

Program B-1

Comprehensive calibration program for use with any suitable calibrator (QuickBASIC Version).

B-6

Program B-1 (continued)

Comprehensive calibration program for use with any suitable calibrator (QuickBASIC Version).

Calibration Programs

B-7

Calibration Programs

Program B-2

Comprehensive calibration program for use with any suitable calibrator (Turbo C Version).

B-8

Program B-2 (continued)

Comprehensive calibration program for use with any suitable calibrator (Turbo C Version).

Calibration Programs

B-9

Calibration Programs

Program B-2 (continued)

Comprehensive calibration program for use with any suitable calibrator (Turbo C Version).

B-10

Program B-3

Comprehensive calibration program for use with Fluke 5700A calibrator (QuickBASIC Version).

Calibration Programs

B-11

Calibration Programs

Program B-3 (continued)

Comprehensive calibration program for use with Fluke 5700A calibrator (QuickBASIC Version).

B-12

Program B-3 (continued)

Comprehensive calibration program for use with Fluke 5700A calibrator (QuickBASIC Version).

Calibration Programs

B-13

Calibration Programs

Program B-4

Comprehensive calibration program for use with Fluke 5700A calibrator (Turbo C Version).

B-14

Program B-4 (continued)

Comprehensive calibration program for use with Fluke 5700A calibrator (Turbo C Version).

Calibration Programs

B-15

Calibration Programs

Program B-4 (continued)

Comprehensive calibration program for use with Fluke 5700A calibrator (Turbo C Version).

B-16

Program B-5

Low-level calibration program for use with Fluke 5700A calibrator (QuickBASIC Version).

Calibration Programs

B-17

Calibration Programs

Program B-5 (continued)

Low-level calibration program for use with Fluke 5700A calibrator (QuickBASIC Version).

B-18

Program B-5 (continued)

Low-level calibration program for use with Fluke 5700A calibrator (QuickBASIC Version).

Calibration Programs

B-19

Calibration Programs

Program B-5 (continued)

Low-level calibration program for use with Fluke 5700A calibrator (QuickBASIC Version).

B-20

Program B-6

Low-level calibration program for use with Fluke 5700A calibrator (Turbo C Version).

Calibration Programs

B-21

Calibration Programs

Program B-6 (continued)

Low-level calibration program for use with Fluke 5700A calibrator (Turbo C Version).

B-22

Program B-6 (continued)

Low-level calibration program for use with Fluke 5700A calibrator (Turbo C Version).

Calibration Programs

B-23

Calibration Programs

Program B-6 (continued)

Low-level calibration program for use with Fluke 5700A calibrator (Turbo C Version).

B-24

Keithley Instruments 2001 Calibration Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Safety Precautions

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations

List of Tables

Performance Verification

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Environmental conditions

1.3 Warm-up period

1.4 Line power

1.5 Recommended test equipment

1.6 Verification limits

1.7 Restoring default conditions

1.8 Verification procedures

Calibration

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Environmental conditions

2.3 Warm-up period

2.4 Line power

2.5 Calibration lock

2.6 IEEE-488 bus calibration commands and program

2.7 Calibration errors

2.8 Comprehensive calibration

2.9 AC self-calibration

2.10 Low-level calibration

Calibration Command Reference

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Command summary

3.3 :CALibration:PROTected subsystem

3.4 :CALibration:UNPRotected Subsystem

3.5 Bus error reporting

3.6 Detecting calibration step completion

Introduction

QuickBASIC program requirements

Turbo C program requirements

Calibration equipment

General program instructions

Unlocking calibration

Comprehensive calibration

Low-level calibration