Keithley PIO-12 User Manual

PIO-12

User’s Guide

A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE

WARRANTY

Hardware

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants that, for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment (3 years for Models 2000,
2001, 2002, 2010 and 2700), the Keithley Hardware product will be free from defects in materials or workmanship. This
warranty will be honored provided the defect has not been caused by use of the Keithley Hardware not in accordance with
the instructions for the product. This warranty shall be null and void upon: (1) any modification of Keithley Hardware that
is made by other than Keithley and not approved in writing by Keithley or (2) operation of the Keithley Hardware outside
of the environmental specifications therefore.

Upon receiving notification of a defect in the Keithley Hardware during the warranty period, Keithley will, at its option,
either repair or replace such Keithley Hardware. During the first ninety days of the warranty period, Keithley will, at its
option, supply the necessary on site labor to return the product to the condition prior to the notification of a defect. Failure
to notify Keithley of a defect during the warranty shall relieve Keithley of its obligations and liabilities under this
warranty.

Other Hardware

The portion of the product that is not manufactured by Keithley (Other Hardware) shall not be covered by this warranty,
and Keithley shall have no duty of obligation to enforce any manufacturers' warranties on behalf of the customer. On those
other manufacturers’ products that Keithley purchases for resale, Keithley shall have no duty of obligation to enforce any
manufacturers’ warranties on behalf of the customer.

Software

Keithley warrants that for a period of one (1) year from date of shipment, the Keithley produced portion of the software or
firmware (Keithley Software) will conform in all material respects with the published specifications provided such Keithley
Software is used on the product for which it is intended and otherwise in accordance with the instructions therefore.
Keithley does not warrant that operation of the Keithley Software will be uninterrupted or error-free and/or that the Keithley
Software will be adequate for the customer's intended application and/or use. This warranty shall be null and void upon any
modification of the Keithley Software that is made by other than Keithley and not approved in writing by Keithley.

If Keithley receives notification of a Keithley Software nonconformity that is covered by this warranty during the warranty
period, Keithley will review the conditions described in such notice. Such notice must state the published specification(s)
to which the Keithley Software fails to conform and the manner in which the Keithley Software fails to conform to such
published specification(s) with sufficient specificity to permit Keithley to correct such nonconformity. If Keithley deter­mines that the Keithley Software does not conform with the published specifications, Keithley will, at its option, provide
either the programming services necessary to correct such nonconformity or develop a program change to bypass such
nonconformity in the Keithley Software. Failure to notify Keithley of a nonconformity during the warranty shall relieve
Keithley of its obligations and liabilities under this warranty.

Other Software

OEM software that is not produced by Keithley (Other Software) shall not be covered by this warranty, and Keithley shall
have no duty or obligation to enforce any OEM's warranties on behalf of the customer.

Other Items

Keithley warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable batteries, diskettes,
and documentation.

Items not Covered under Warranty

This warranty does not apply to fuses, non-rechargeable batteries, damage from battery leakage, or problems arising from
normal wear or failure to follow instructions.

Limitation of Warranty

This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification made by Purchaser without Keithley's express
written consent, or by misuse of any product or part.

Disclaimer of Warranties

EXCEPT FOR THE EXPRESS WARRANTIES ABOVE KEITHLEY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT­ABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. KEITHLEY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
RESPECT TO THE OTHER HARDWARE AND OTHER SOFTWARE.

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EXEMPLARY DAMAGES, WHETHER CLAIMED UNDER CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY,
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CLAUSES OF ANY DESCRIPTION OR INDEMNIFICATION OF THE CUSTOMER OR OTHERS FOR COSTS, DAM­AGES, OR EXPENSES RELATED TO THE GOODS OR SERVICES PROVIDED UNDER THIS WARRANTY.

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1-888-KEITHLEY (534-8453) • www.keithley.com

4/02

The information contained in this manual is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Keithley
Instruments, Inc., assumes no responsibility for its use or for any infringements of patents or other rights
of third parties that may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any
patent rights of Keithley Instruments, Inc.

KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RELATED TO THE USE OF THIS PRODUCT. THIS
PRODUCT IS NOT DESIGNED WITH COMPONENTS OF A LEVEL OF RELIABILITY
SUITABLE FOR USE IN LIFE SUPPORT OR CRITICAL APPLICATIONS.

Refer to your Keithley Instruments license agreement and Conditions of Sale document for specific
warranty and liability information.

MetraByte is a trademark of Keithley Instruments, Inc. All other brand and product names are
trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

© Copyright Keithley Instruments, Inc., 1991, 1993, 1994, 1999.

All rights reserved. Reproduction or adaptation of any part of this documentation beyond that permitted
by Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without permission of the Copyright owner is
unlawful.

Keithley Instruments, Inc.

28775 Aurora Road, Cleveland, OH 44139

PIO-12 User’s Guide

Revision F - April 2001

Part Number: 64190

S

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation.
Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations
where hazardous conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety
precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information
carefully before using the product. Refer to the manual for complete product specifications.

If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the product may be impaired.

The types of product users are:

Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that

the equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately
trained.

Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use

of the instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example, setting

the line voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the manual. The proce­dures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform safe installations and repairs of products. Only

properly trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.

Keithley products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rated Installation Category I and Installation
Category II, as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 60664. Most mea­surement, control, and data I/O signals are Installation Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage
or to voltage sources with high transient over-voltages. Installation Category II connections require protection for high
transient over-voltages often associated with local AC mains connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data
I/O connections are for connection to Category I sources unless otherwise marked or described in the Manual.

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or
test fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels
greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present.

age is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that
operators are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be ex­posed to potential human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from
the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 volts,

may be exposed.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance
limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards,
install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect
the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.

afety Precautions

A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous volt-

no conductive part of the circuit

5/02

When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main
input power disconnect device must be provided, in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the
operator.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the cir­cuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting
or disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as in­stalling or removing jumpers.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth)
ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the
voltage being measured.

The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions or the
safety of the equipment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and op­erating information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.

Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground con­nections.

If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation re­quires the use of a lid interlock.

If or is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation.

!

The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual.

The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or measure 1000 volts or more, including the combined
effect of normal and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these
voltages.

The

WARNING

associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The

CAUTION

the warranty.

Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.

Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.

To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits, including the power
transformer, test leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses, with applicable
national safety approvals, may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety related
may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that selected parts
should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you
are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments office for information.

To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do
not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist
of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never
require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected,
the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.

heading in a manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the

heading in a manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate

Table of Contents

Preface

Overview

1

General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Features and Operating Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Supporting Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

2

Installation

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Inventorying Required Installation Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Installing DriverLINX Software and Documentation . . . . . . . . 2-2

Installation Options on the DriverLINX CD-ROM . . . . . . . 2-3

Installation Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Configuring Your Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

Preparing and Installing Your Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

Unpacking and Inspecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

Setting the Switches and Jumpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

Installing the Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

Checking Your Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

I/O Bit Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

Output Set Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

Input Read Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20

Using Power from the PIO-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21

Cabling and Wiring

3

Attaching Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Attaching an STC-37 Accessory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

4

Programming

i

ii

Troubleshooting

5

Problem Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Identifying Symptoms and Possible Causes . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Testing the Board and Host Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Testing the Accessory Slot and I/O Connections . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

Specifications

A

B

Connector Pin Assignments

C

Register Maps

Port Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2

List of Figures

Figure 1-1. Block Diagram of the PIO-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Figure 2-1. Switch and Jumper Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

Figure 2-2. An AIO Panel example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

Figure 2-3. DIO channel tab example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13

Figure 2-4. Configuring the digital I/O channels as

inputs and outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15

Figure 2-5. Configuring channel 0 for output bit

pattern A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15

Figure 2-6. An AIO Panel example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17

Figure 2-7. Configuring the digital I/O channels as

inputs and outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18

Figure 2-8. Configuring channel 0 for output bit

pattern A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18

Figure 2-9. Configuring channel 0 for output bit

pattern B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19

Figure 3-1. Pin Assignments for the Main I/O Connector . . 3-1
Figure 3-2. Attaching Accessories through a C-1800 or

S-1800 Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Figure 3-3. Layout of STC-37 Screw Terminal

Connector Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Figure 3-4. Attaching an STC-37 Accessory . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Figure B-1. Main I/O Connector Pin Assignments . . . . . . . . B-1

List of Tables

Table 2-1. Values of Base Address Switch Positions . . . . . 2-9

Table 5-1. Troubleshooting Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Table A-1. Input and Output Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

Table A-2. Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2

Table C-1. 8255 PPI Address Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2

Table C-2. Derivation of Port Configuration from

Control Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3

Table C-3. PIO Control Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4

iii

Preface

The

PIO-12 User’s Guide

digital I/O interface board and to access the separate DriverLINX
programming and configuration documentation.

This guide serves data acquisition system designers, engineers,
programmers, and other users responsible for setting up, cabling and
wiring signals to PIO-12 boards. Users are assumed to be familiar with
data acquisition principles, with programming principles, and with their
application.

The

PIO-12 User’s Guide

Section 1 provides an overview of the hardware, a block diagram, and

●

a description of PIO-12 features.

●

Section 2 describes how to install the DriverLINX software and
documentation, how to unpack, set up, and install the board, and how
to configure and check the installation.

describes how to set up and install the PIO-12

is organized as follows:

Section 3 describes how to connect accessories and wire applications

●

to the board.

●

Section 4 briefly describes the need to program through the
DriverLINX interface—provided with your board—and tells how to
access the extensive DriverLINX documentation.

Section 5 describes common problems and solutions, troubleshooting

●

procedures, and how to obtain technical support.

●

Appendix A contains PIO-12 specifications.

v

Appendix B contains pin assignments for the main connector of the

●

PIO-12 board.

Appendix C provides register maps, for background reference only

●

(you program the PIO-12 boards through the DriverLINX interface,
not at the register-level).

An index completes the manual.

●

vi

General Description

The PIO-12 is a 24-line, parallel, digital I/O interface board that provides
a flexible interface for a variety of parallel I/O devices, including
instruments, displays and user-assembled systems.

1

Overview

The PIO-12 board is part of a family of digital input and output (I/O)
boards designed for IBM
software currently supplied with these boards requires the Windows
95/98/NT operating system and a compatible microprocessor (preferably
a Pentium microprocessor).

®

PC series computers and compatibles. The

®

1-1

Figure 1-1 shows a block diagram of the PIO-12.

PC Bus

D0

D7

A0

Address

A9

IOR/
IOW/

IRQ2

Interrupt Data

IRQ7

P o w e r

Rear Connector

PA

Data Bus

Buffer

Address

Decoder

Interrupt

Level

Selector

8255

PPI

Address
Selector

Switch

PB

PC

Figure 1-1. Block Diagram of the PIO-12

Digital I/O

24 Lines of

Interrupt Input

Interrupt Enable
+5V

-5V
+12V

-12V
Common

Features and Operating Characteristics

PIO-12 features and operating characteristics are described as follows:

●

The PIO-12 has three TTL/CMOS-compatible, digital I/O ports:
port A, port B, and port C. Ports A and B are both byte-wide (8-bits)
and can be inputs or outputs. Port C is also byte-wide but is
configurable as two separate 4-bit ports (port C Lower and port
C Upper), each of which can be an input or output.

●

The PIO-12 has an interrupt input channel with a corresponding
interrupt-enable line. A PIO-12 interrupt can be directed to any of six
interrupt levels available on the PC bus.

1-2 Overview

The PIO-12 features its own enable line, which can be tri-stated

●

(interrupt enable - active low). The 8259 Interrupt Controller of the
computer handles interrupts and is set by the computer BIOS to
respond to positive-edge-triggered (low-high) inputs. You must
program the 8259 to respond to your application’s requirements by
setting up the corresponding interrupt handlers.

The PIO-12 performs 10-bit I/O address decodes and communicates

●

with the PC Bus as an 8-bit peripheral. The address map uses four
consecutive I/O addresses. Multiple PIO-12 boards can be installed in
a computer at different base addresses.

●

Power levels of +5V, -5V, +12V, and -12V from the computer are
available through the main I/O connector of the PIO-12. If you plan to
use power from the PC, you should consider the power draw of all
system devices and observe current-capacity limits of the computer.

Supporting Software

DriverLINX software is supplied by Keithley with the PI0-12 board.
DriverLINX provides convenient interfaces to configure and set I/O bits
without register-level programming.

Most importantly, however, DriverLINX supports those programmers
who wish to create custom applications using Visual C/C++, Visual Basic,
or Delphi. DriverLINX accomplishes foreground and background tasks to
perform data acquisition. The software includes memory and data buffer
management, event triggering, extensive error checking, and context
sensitive online help.

More specifically, DriverLINX provides application developers a
standardized interface to over 100 services for creating foreground and
background tasks for the following:

●

Analog input and output

Digital input and output

●

●

Time and frequency measurement

1-3

Event counting

●

Accessories

Pulse output

●

●

Period measurement

In addition to basic I/O support, DriverLINX also provides:

●

Built-in capabilities to handle memory and data buffer management

A selection of starting and stopping trigger events, including

●

pre-triggering, mid-point triggering and post-triggering protocols

●

Extensive error checking

Context-sensitive on-line help system

●

DriverLINX is essentially hardware independent, because its portable
APIs work across various operating systems. This capability eliminates
unnecessary programming when changing operating system platforms.

The following accessories are available for use with PIO-12 boards.

●

STA-U

— screw terminal accessory. This accessory connects to the
main I/O connector of the PIO-12 through a C-1800 cable to make all
I/O signals accessible through labeled screw terminals.

●

STC-37

— screw terminal connector panel. This accessory connects
directly the main I/O connector of the PIO-12 to provide
general-purpose screw-terminal connections in a compact form
factor.

●

SSIO-24

— 24-channel mounting panel for up to 24 solid-state,
miniature I/O modules with functions of DC input, DC output, AC
input, and AC output. The SSIO-24 connects to the main I/O
connector of the PIO-12 through a C-1800 cable.

1-4 Overview

●

SRA-01

— 8-channel mounting panel for up to eight solid-state,
miniature I/O modules. The SRA-01 connects to the main I/O
connector of the PIO-12 through a C-1800 cable.

●

ERB-24

— electrical relay board. This accessory provides 24
electromechanical double-pole, double-throw relays for controlling
and switching up to 3A at 120V

. The ERB-24 connects to the main

rms

I/O connector of the PIO-12 through a C-1800 cable.

ERA-01

●

double-throw relays that can switch up to 3A at 120V

C-1800

●

— electrical relay accessory containing eight single-pole,

rms

— cable. The C-1800 is an 18-inch ribbon cable terminated

at both ends with 37-pin D-type connectors.

●

S-1800

— cable. The S-1800 is a shielded version of the C-1800.

Refer to Section 3 for cable connections for these accessories.

.

1-5

Overview

Installation

This section contains instructions for installing and configuring the
PIO-12 board and software.

This section describes the following:

●

Inventorying installation resources

Installing the DriverLINX software needed to operate your PIO-12

●

board

2

●

Configuring the installation in software

●

Unpacking and inspecting the board, setting the base address of the
board, and then installing the board in your computer

Checking the installation

●

If you encounter any problems with the board after installation, refer to
Section 5 for troubleshooting information.

Note:

board. Otherwise, the device drivers will be more difficult to install.

Install the DriverLINX software before installing the PIO-12

2-1

Inventorying Required Installation Resources

Before installing DriverLINX and the board, do the following:

1. Inventory your PIO-12 board’s configuration settings.

2. Determine the resources your PIO-12 board requires.

3. Inventory your computer’s resources already allocated to other
installed devices.

4. Determine whether your computer has sufficient resources for your
PIO-12 board.

5. Determine whether your PIO-12 board can use your computer’s free
resources.

Note:

amplifies the inventory process in checklist items 1-5. (Ignore the rest of
the checklist items for now.) To display this manual from your
DriverLINX PIO Series CD-ROM, open the Windows Explorer, then
double click on
the CD-ROM drive. Acrobat Reader must already be installed on the other
system. If necessary, you can first install Acrobat Reader directly from the
CD-ROM by double clicking

The DriverLINX Installation and Configuration Guide

X:\Drvlinx4\Docs\Instconf.pdf

X:\Acrobat\setup.exe

, where X = the letter of

.

, Section 1,

Installing DriverLINX Software and Documentation

Note:

already installed on your system, you must also install the PIO Series
DriverLINX version. In the process, some DriverLINX capabilities shared
by all boards may be upgraded (test utilities, for example).

This section discusses installation of drivers, interfaces, and
documentation.

Even if DriverLINX versions other than the PIO Series version are

2-2 Installation