Keithley PIO-12 User Manual

PIO-12

User’s Guide

A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE

WARRANTY

Hardware

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants that, for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment (3 years for Models 2000,
2001, 2002, 2010 and 2700), the Keithley Hardware product will be free from defects in materials or workmanship. This
warranty will be honored provided the defect has not been caused by use of the Keithley Hardware not in accordance with
the instructions for the product. This warranty shall be null and void upon: (1) any modification of Keithley Hardware that
is made by other than Keithley and not approved in writing by Keithley or (2) operation of the Keithley Hardware outside
of the environmental specifications therefore.

Upon receiving notification of a defect in the Keithley Hardware during the warranty period, Keithley will, at its option,
either repair or replace such Keithley Hardware. During the first ninety days of the warranty period, Keithley will, at its
option, supply the necessary on site labor to return the product to the condition prior to the notification of a defect. Failure
to notify Keithley of a defect during the warranty shall relieve Keithley of its obligations and liabilities under this
warranty.

Other Hardware

The portion of the product that is not manufactured by Keithley (Other Hardware) shall not be covered by this warranty,
and Keithley shall have no duty of obligation to enforce any manufacturers' warranties on behalf of the customer. On those
other manufacturers’ products that Keithley purchases for resale, Keithley shall have no duty of obligation to enforce any
manufacturers’ warranties on behalf of the customer.

Software

Keithley warrants that for a period of one (1) year from date of shipment, the Keithley produced portion of the software or
firmware (Keithley Software) will conform in all material respects with the published specifications provided such Keithley
Software is used on the product for which it is intended and otherwise in accordance with the instructions therefore.
Keithley does not warrant that operation of the Keithley Software will be uninterrupted or error-free and/or that the Keithley
Software will be adequate for the customer's intended application and/or use. This warranty shall be null and void upon any
modification of the Keithley Software that is made by other than Keithley and not approved in writing by Keithley.

If Keithley receives notification of a Keithley Software nonconformity that is covered by this warranty during the warranty
period, Keithley will review the conditions described in such notice. Such notice must state the published specification(s)
to which the Keithley Software fails to conform and the manner in which the Keithley Software fails to conform to such
published specification(s) with sufficient specificity to permit Keithley to correct such nonconformity. If Keithley deter­mines that the Keithley Software does not conform with the published specifications, Keithley will, at its option, provide
either the programming services necessary to correct such nonconformity or develop a program change to bypass such
nonconformity in the Keithley Software. Failure to notify Keithley of a nonconformity during the warranty shall relieve
Keithley of its obligations and liabilities under this warranty.

Other Software

OEM software that is not produced by Keithley (Other Software) shall not be covered by this warranty, and Keithley shall
have no duty or obligation to enforce any OEM's warranties on behalf of the customer.

Other Items

Keithley warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable batteries, diskettes,
and documentation.

Items not Covered under Warranty

This warranty does not apply to fuses, non-rechargeable batteries, damage from battery leakage, or problems arising from
normal wear or failure to follow instructions.

Limitation of Warranty

This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification made by Purchaser without Keithley's express
written consent, or by misuse of any product or part.

Disclaimer of Warranties

EXCEPT FOR THE EXPRESS WARRANTIES ABOVE KEITHLEY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT­ABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. KEITHLEY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
RESPECT TO THE OTHER HARDWARE AND OTHER SOFTWARE.

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EXEMPLARY DAMAGES, WHETHER CLAIMED UNDER CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY,
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CLAUSES OF ANY DESCRIPTION OR INDEMNIFICATION OF THE CUSTOMER OR OTHERS FOR COSTS, DAM­AGES, OR EXPENSES RELATED TO THE GOODS OR SERVICES PROVIDED UNDER THIS WARRANTY.

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1-888-KEITHLEY (534-8453) • www.keithley.com

4/02

The information contained in this manual is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Keithley
Instruments, Inc., assumes no responsibility for its use or for any infringements of patents or other rights
of third parties that may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any
patent rights of Keithley Instruments, Inc.

KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RELATED TO THE USE OF THIS PRODUCT. THIS
PRODUCT IS NOT DESIGNED WITH COMPONENTS OF A LEVEL OF RELIABILITY
SUITABLE FOR USE IN LIFE SUPPORT OR CRITICAL APPLICATIONS.

Refer to your Keithley Instruments license agreement and Conditions of Sale document for specific
warranty and liability information.

MetraByte is a trademark of Keithley Instruments, Inc. All other brand and product names are
trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

© Copyright Keithley Instruments, Inc., 1991, 1993, 1994, 1999.

All rights reserved. Reproduction or adaptation of any part of this documentation beyond that permitted
by Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without permission of the Copyright owner is
unlawful.

Keithley Instruments, Inc.

28775 Aurora Road, Cleveland, OH 44139

PIO-12 User’s Guide

Revision F - April 2001

Part Number: 64190

S

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation.
Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations
where hazardous conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety
precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information
carefully before using the product. Refer to the manual for complete product specifications.

If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the product may be impaired.

The types of product users are:

Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that

the equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately
trained.

Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use

of the instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example, setting

the line voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the manual. The proce­dures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform safe installations and repairs of products. Only

properly trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.

Keithley products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rated Installation Category I and Installation
Category II, as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 60664. Most mea­surement, control, and data I/O signals are Installation Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage
or to voltage sources with high transient over-voltages. Installation Category II connections require protection for high
transient over-voltages often associated with local AC mains connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data
I/O connections are for connection to Category I sources unless otherwise marked or described in the Manual.

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or
test fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels
greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present.

age is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that
operators are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be ex­posed to potential human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from
the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 volts,

may be exposed.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance
limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards,
install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect
the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.

afety Precautions

A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous volt-

no conductive part of the circuit

5/02

When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main
input power disconnect device must be provided, in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the
operator.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the cir­cuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting
or disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as in­stalling or removing jumpers.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth)
ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the
voltage being measured.

The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions or the
safety of the equipment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and op­erating information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.

Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground con­nections.

If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation re­quires the use of a lid interlock.

If or is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation.

!

The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual.

The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or measure 1000 volts or more, including the combined
effect of normal and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these
voltages.

The

WARNING

associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The

CAUTION

the warranty.

Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.

Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.

To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits, including the power
transformer, test leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses, with applicable
national safety approvals, may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety related
may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that selected parts
should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you
are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments office for information.

To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do
not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist
of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never
require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected,
the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.

heading in a manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the

heading in a manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate

Table of Contents

Preface

Overview

1

General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Features and Operating Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Supporting Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

2

Installation

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Inventorying Required Installation Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Installing DriverLINX Software and Documentation . . . . . . . . 2-2

Installation Options on the DriverLINX CD-ROM . . . . . . . 2-3

Installation Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Configuring Your Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

Preparing and Installing Your Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

Unpacking and Inspecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

Setting the Switches and Jumpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

Installing the Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

Checking Your Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

I/O Bit Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

Output Set Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

Input Read Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20

Using Power from the PIO-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21

Cabling and Wiring

3

Attaching Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Attaching an STC-37 Accessory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

4

Programming

i

ii

Troubleshooting

5

Problem Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Identifying Symptoms and Possible Causes . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Testing the Board and Host Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Testing the Accessory Slot and I/O Connections . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

Specifications

A

B

Connector Pin Assignments

C

Register Maps

Port Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2

List of Figures

Figure 1-1. Block Diagram of the PIO-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Figure 2-1. Switch and Jumper Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

Figure 2-2. An AIO Panel example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

Figure 2-3. DIO channel tab example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13

Figure 2-4. Configuring the digital I/O channels as

inputs and outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15

Figure 2-5. Configuring channel 0 for output bit

pattern A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15

Figure 2-6. An AIO Panel example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17

Figure 2-7. Configuring the digital I/O channels as

inputs and outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18

Figure 2-8. Configuring channel 0 for output bit

pattern A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18

Figure 2-9. Configuring channel 0 for output bit

pattern B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19

Figure 3-1. Pin Assignments for the Main I/O Connector . . 3-1
Figure 3-2. Attaching Accessories through a C-1800 or

S-1800 Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Figure 3-3. Layout of STC-37 Screw Terminal

Connector Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Figure 3-4. Attaching an STC-37 Accessory . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Figure B-1. Main I/O Connector Pin Assignments . . . . . . . . B-1

List of Tables

Table 2-1. Values of Base Address Switch Positions . . . . . 2-9

Table 5-1. Troubleshooting Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Table A-1. Input and Output Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

Table A-2. Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2

Table C-1. 8255 PPI Address Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2

Table C-2. Derivation of Port Configuration from

Control Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3

Table C-3. PIO Control Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4

iii

Preface

The

PIO-12 User’s Guide

digital I/O interface board and to access the separate DriverLINX
programming and configuration documentation.

This guide serves data acquisition system designers, engineers,
programmers, and other users responsible for setting up, cabling and
wiring signals to PIO-12 boards. Users are assumed to be familiar with
data acquisition principles, with programming principles, and with their
application.

The

PIO-12 User’s Guide

Section 1 provides an overview of the hardware, a block diagram, and

●

a description of PIO-12 features.

●

Section 2 describes how to install the DriverLINX software and
documentation, how to unpack, set up, and install the board, and how
to configure and check the installation.

describes how to set up and install the PIO-12

is organized as follows:

Section 3 describes how to connect accessories and wire applications

●

to the board.

●

Section 4 briefly describes the need to program through the
DriverLINX interface—provided with your board—and tells how to
access the extensive DriverLINX documentation.

Section 5 describes common problems and solutions, troubleshooting

●

procedures, and how to obtain technical support.

●

Appendix A contains PIO-12 specifications.

v

Appendix B contains pin assignments for the main connector of the

●

PIO-12 board.

Appendix C provides register maps, for background reference only

●

(you program the PIO-12 boards through the DriverLINX interface,
not at the register-level).

An index completes the manual.

●

vi

General Description

The PIO-12 is a 24-line, parallel, digital I/O interface board that provides
a flexible interface for a variety of parallel I/O devices, including
instruments, displays and user-assembled systems.

1

Overview

The PIO-12 board is part of a family of digital input and output (I/O)
boards designed for IBM
software currently supplied with these boards requires the Windows
95/98/NT operating system and a compatible microprocessor (preferably
a Pentium microprocessor).

®

PC series computers and compatibles. The

®

1-1

Figure 1-1 shows a block diagram of the PIO-12.

PC Bus

D0

D7

A0

Address

A9

IOR/
IOW/

IRQ2

Interrupt Data

IRQ7

P o w e r

Rear Connector

PA

Data Bus

Buffer

Address

Decoder

Interrupt

Level

Selector

8255

PPI

Address
Selector

Switch

PB

PC

Figure 1-1. Block Diagram of the PIO-12

Digital I/O

24 Lines of

Interrupt Input

Interrupt Enable
+5V

-5V
+12V

-12V
Common

Features and Operating Characteristics

PIO-12 features and operating characteristics are described as follows:

●

The PIO-12 has three TTL/CMOS-compatible, digital I/O ports:
port A, port B, and port C. Ports A and B are both byte-wide (8-bits)
and can be inputs or outputs. Port C is also byte-wide but is
configurable as two separate 4-bit ports (port C Lower and port
C Upper), each of which can be an input or output.

●

The PIO-12 has an interrupt input channel with a corresponding
interrupt-enable line. A PIO-12 interrupt can be directed to any of six
interrupt levels available on the PC bus.

1-2 Overview

The PIO-12 features its own enable line, which can be tri-stated

●

(interrupt enable - active low). The 8259 Interrupt Controller of the
computer handles interrupts and is set by the computer BIOS to
respond to positive-edge-triggered (low-high) inputs. You must
program the 8259 to respond to your application’s requirements by
setting up the corresponding interrupt handlers.

The PIO-12 performs 10-bit I/O address decodes and communicates

●

with the PC Bus as an 8-bit peripheral. The address map uses four
consecutive I/O addresses. Multiple PIO-12 boards can be installed in
a computer at different base addresses.

●

Power levels of +5V, -5V, +12V, and -12V from the computer are
available through the main I/O connector of the PIO-12. If you plan to
use power from the PC, you should consider the power draw of all
system devices and observe current-capacity limits of the computer.

Supporting Software

DriverLINX software is supplied by Keithley with the PI0-12 board.
DriverLINX provides convenient interfaces to configure and set I/O bits
without register-level programming.

Most importantly, however, DriverLINX supports those programmers
who wish to create custom applications using Visual C/C++, Visual Basic,
or Delphi. DriverLINX accomplishes foreground and background tasks to
perform data acquisition. The software includes memory and data buffer
management, event triggering, extensive error checking, and context
sensitive online help.

More specifically, DriverLINX provides application developers a
standardized interface to over 100 services for creating foreground and
background tasks for the following:

●

Analog input and output

Digital input and output

●

●

Time and frequency measurement

1-3

Event counting

●

Accessories

Pulse output

●

●

Period measurement

In addition to basic I/O support, DriverLINX also provides:

●

Built-in capabilities to handle memory and data buffer management

A selection of starting and stopping trigger events, including

●

pre-triggering, mid-point triggering and post-triggering protocols

●

Extensive error checking

Context-sensitive on-line help system

●

DriverLINX is essentially hardware independent, because its portable
APIs work across various operating systems. This capability eliminates
unnecessary programming when changing operating system platforms.

The following accessories are available for use with PIO-12 boards.

●

STA-U

— screw terminal accessory. This accessory connects to the
main I/O connector of the PIO-12 through a C-1800 cable to make all
I/O signals accessible through labeled screw terminals.

●

STC-37

— screw terminal connector panel. This accessory connects
directly the main I/O connector of the PIO-12 to provide
general-purpose screw-terminal connections in a compact form
factor.

●

SSIO-24

— 24-channel mounting panel for up to 24 solid-state,
miniature I/O modules with functions of DC input, DC output, AC
input, and AC output. The SSIO-24 connects to the main I/O
connector of the PIO-12 through a C-1800 cable.

1-4 Overview

●

SRA-01

— 8-channel mounting panel for up to eight solid-state,
miniature I/O modules. The SRA-01 connects to the main I/O
connector of the PIO-12 through a C-1800 cable.

●

ERB-24

— electrical relay board. This accessory provides 24
electromechanical double-pole, double-throw relays for controlling
and switching up to 3A at 120V

. The ERB-24 connects to the main

rms

I/O connector of the PIO-12 through a C-1800 cable.

ERA-01

●

double-throw relays that can switch up to 3A at 120V

C-1800

●

— electrical relay accessory containing eight single-pole,

rms

— cable. The C-1800 is an 18-inch ribbon cable terminated

at both ends with 37-pin D-type connectors.

●

S-1800

— cable. The S-1800 is a shielded version of the C-1800.

Refer to Section 3 for cable connections for these accessories.

.

1-5

Overview

Installation

This section contains instructions for installing and configuring the
PIO-12 board and software.

This section describes the following:

●

Inventorying installation resources

Installing the DriverLINX software needed to operate your PIO-12

●

board

2

●

Configuring the installation in software

●

Unpacking and inspecting the board, setting the base address of the
board, and then installing the board in your computer

Checking the installation

●

If you encounter any problems with the board after installation, refer to
Section 5 for troubleshooting information.

Note:

board. Otherwise, the device drivers will be more difficult to install.

Install the DriverLINX software before installing the PIO-12

2-1

Inventorying Required Installation Resources

Before installing DriverLINX and the board, do the following:

1. Inventory your PIO-12 board’s configuration settings.

2. Determine the resources your PIO-12 board requires.

3. Inventory your computer’s resources already allocated to other
installed devices.

4. Determine whether your computer has sufficient resources for your
PIO-12 board.

5. Determine whether your PIO-12 board can use your computer’s free
resources.

Note:

amplifies the inventory process in checklist items 1-5. (Ignore the rest of
the checklist items for now.) To display this manual from your
DriverLINX PIO Series CD-ROM, open the Windows Explorer, then
double click on
the CD-ROM drive. Acrobat Reader must already be installed on the other
system. If necessary, you can first install Acrobat Reader directly from the
CD-ROM by double clicking

The DriverLINX Installation and Configuration Guide

X:\Drvlinx4\Docs\Instconf.pdf

X:\Acrobat\setup.exe

, where X = the letter of

.

, Section 1,

Installing DriverLINX Software and Documentation

Note:

already installed on your system, you must also install the PIO Series
DriverLINX version. In the process, some DriverLINX capabilities shared
by all boards may be upgraded (test utilities, for example).

This section discusses installation of drivers, interfaces, and
documentation.

Even if DriverLINX versions other than the PIO Series version are

2-2 Installation

Installation Options on the DriverLINX CD-ROM

The component installation options provided by the DriverLINX setup
program are as follows:

Install Drivers

●

need for configuring your hardware and running third-party
data-acquisition applications that require DriverLINX.

●

Install Interfaces

example programs that you will need to develop custom applications
for DriverLINX using C/C++, Visual Basic, and Delphi.

Install Documentation

●

electronic documentation for DriverLINX that you can read, search,
and print using the Adobe Acrobat Reader.

Install Acrobat

●

Acrobat Reader for the DriverLINX electronic documentation.

Installation Procedure

Install the DriverLINX software and board as follows:

1. Place the DriverLINX PIO Series CD-ROM in your drive and wait a
few seconds. On most systems, setup starts automatically. If not, run
the setup.exe file, found in the root directory of the CD-ROM.

— This required component installs only the files you

— This optional component installs the files and

— This optional component installs

— This optional component installs the Adobe

A DriverLINX Browser Introduction screen appears. Thereafter, the
DriverLINX CD Navigator screen appears automatically after
waiting a few seconds or after clicking

Note:

On the DriverLINX CD Navigator and other DriverLINX Browser

Next

.

screens, place the cursor over a menu item to see an explanation. A star
next to a menu item means that it was selected previously.

Before continuing with this installation, Keithley suggests clicking

Me First

on the DriverLINX CD Navigator and reviewing the brief

Read

information that appears.

2-3

2. On the DriverLINX CD Navigator screen, click

DriverLINX

. An Install These DriverLINX Components screen

appears.

Install

3. Click

Install Drivers, and then follow the series of on-screen

instructions. When done, the Install These DriverLINX Components
screen reappears.

4. If you do not plan to develop custom application software for your
PIO-12 board, then skip to Step 5. If you do plan to develop custom
application software, you must install DriverLINX interfaces before
writing the software. Install them now by clicking Install Interfaces
and following the series of on-screen instructions. When done, the
Install These DriverLINX Components screen reappears.

5. Click Install Documentation and follow the series of on-screen
instructions. This step installs the manuals. When done, the Install
These DriverLINX Components screen reappears.

6. If Acrobat Reader is not already installed on your system, install it
now. You need Acrobat Reader to read the manuals, a section of
which you must access in step 9. Click on Install Acrobat and
follow the series of on-screen instructions. When done, the Install
These DriverLINX Components screen reappears.

7. Click Exit. Then, on the screen that appears saying “Thank you for
using DriverLINX,” click Done. The System Settings Changed
dialog box appears.

8. On the System Settings Changed dialog box, click No. (The system
will be rebooted and configured later under “Configuring Your
Installation.”) The screen returns to the Windows desktop.

9. Print out one section of a DriverLINX manual that you will briefly
review later during system configuration. Proceed as follows:

a. In the Start menu under Programs

→ DriverLINX, click

On-line Manuals. A menu document appears.

b. In the menu document, scroll until you find the major category

Configuration.

2-4 Installation

c. Under Configuration, click Hardware References. A list of

documents appears.

d. In the list of documents, click Keithley PIO Series. Acrobat

Reader opens and the manual entitled Using DriverLINX with
Your Hardware—Keithley PIO Series appears.

e. Print the following section from the Using DriverLINX with Your

Hardware—Keithley PIO Series manual: “Configuring the PIO
Series.”

Note: If your data acquisition system is not connected to a printer, you

can display and print the Using DriverLINX with Your Hardware—
Keithley PIO Series manual sections from another system, directly from

the CD-ROM (without installing anything). To display the manual, open
the Windows Explorer, then double click on
X:\Drvlinx4\Docs\Notes\kmbpio.pdf, where X = the letter of the
CD-ROM drive. Acrobat Reader must already be installed on the other
system. If necessary, you can first install Acrobat Reader directly from the
CD-ROM by double clicking X:\Acrobat\setup.exe.

10. Continue with the next section, “Configuring Your Installation.”

2-5

Configuring Y our Installation

1. Locate and briefly review the manual section, “Configuring the PIO
Series,” that you printed earlier during step 9 of “Installing
DriverLINX Software and Documentation.” Reviewing this section
will help prepare you to input information and select options when
configuring your installation.

Note: Be sure to note and follow all configuration differences between

installations for Windows NT and Windows 95/98.

2. Reboot your computer. The DriverLINX Plug and Play Wizard
appears on your screen automatically at the end of the boot cycle.

Note: If you do not run the DriverLINX Plug and Play Wizard now, it

will not reappear during the current computer session, although it may
appear after a subsequent reboot. If you wish to configure your board
sometime later, you can start the Plug and Play Wizard manually from a
batch file. In the Windows Explorer, double click
X:\Drvlinx4\Help\kmbpio.bat, where X is the letter of the drive on which
DriverLINX is installed.

3. On the Plug and Play Wizard, click Wizard and follow the series of
on-screen instructions that appear. The wizard will first lead you
through the steps of installing your hardware—from a software
viewpoint—and configuring it.

Note: If your operating system is Windows NT, use Windows NT

Diagnostics to find the free resources that the Plug and Play Wizard asks
you to assign. However, if your board requires an interrupt, to reliably
find a free ISA interrupt you may need to: 1) configure your computer as
having a non-Plug and Play operating system, using BIOS setup, and then

2) individually assign the interrupt to the ISA bus.

4. Continue with the next section, “Preparing and Installing Your
Board.”

2-6 Installation

Preparing and Installing Your Board

Caution: Ensure that the computer is turned OFF before installing or

removing a board. Installing or removing a board while power is ON can
damage your computer, the board, or both.

Handle the board in a static-controlled workstation; wear a grounded
wrist strap. Discharge static voltage differences between the wrapped
board and the handling environment before removing the board from its
protective wrapper. Failure to discharge static electricity before and
during handling may damage semiconductor circuits on the board.

Handle the board using the mounting bracket. Do not touch the circuit
traces or connector contacts when handling the board.

Unpacking and Inspecting

Use the following procedure to unwrap and inspect a PIO-12 board.

1. Factory packaging of the PIO-12 board includes a final wrap of
protective, anti-static material. Remove the board from its anti-static
wrapping material. You may wish to store the wrapping material for
possible future use.

2. Inspect the board for signs of damage. If damage is apparent, arrange
to return the board to the factory (see “Technical Support” on page
5-5).

3. Check the remaining contents of your package against the packing
list to be sure your order is complete. Immediately report any
missing items.

4. When you are satisfied with the inspection, proceed with the
software and hardware setup instructions.

2-7

Setting the Switches and Jumpers

The base address, interrupt level, and J8 slot/wait state option are all
specified through switch or jumper settings. Check the base address and
interrupt settings against the assignments made when you ran the
DriverLINX Plug and Play Wizard, and make any necessary changes. The
locations and factory default settings of these switches and jumpers are
shown in Figure 2-1.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

O
N

Base Address

Switch

1 2

O
N

Slot/Wait State

Switch

Interrupt Level

Select

Figure 2-1. Switch and Jumper Locations

Setting the Base Address

Note: Before setting the base address switches, check the different

requirements for Windows 95/98 and Windows NT. Refer to “Configuring
the PIO Series” in Using DriverLINX with Your Hardware—Keithley PIO
Series manual, which you printed in step 9 of “Installing DriverLINX
Software and Documentation.”

2-8 Installation

The base address switch is preset at the factory for 300h (see Figure 2-1).
If 300h was assigned to the board when you ran the DriverLINX Plug and
Play Wizard, you do not need to reset the address switch. Otherwise, reset
the base address switch to conform to the base address that was assigned
when you ran the Wizard.

The address you specify must be within the range of 200 to 3FCh (512 to
1020 decimal) and on a 4-byte boundary. Table 2-1 lists the base address
switch settings. Use this table as a guide when setting a base address.

Table 2-1. Values of Base Address Switch Positions

Value When Switch Is OFF

Switch

Position

1 A9 512 200

2 A8 256 100

3 A7 128 80

4A6 64 40

5 A5 32 20

Address

Line

Decimal Hexadecimal

6A4 16 10

7 A3 8 8

8A2 4 4

2-9

Setting the J8 Slot/Wait State Switch

Note: The J8 Slot and Wait State switches should normally be set to their

OFF positions. The Windows 95/98/NT operating system required to run
the DriverLINX software provided with the PIO-12 board does not run on
a PC/XT computer or computers having 8 MHz system clocks. (Refer to
the descriptions below for more information.)

This switch block consists of two switches: the J8 Slot switch (switch 1)
and the Wait State switch (switch 2).

Setting the J8 Slot switch to ON enables the board to occupy the J8 slot of
an IBM PC/XT (the J8 slot is right-most on the PC/XT motherboard);
setting switch 1 to OFF (the default position) disables the slot option.

Setting the Wait State switch to ON enables a 500ns wait state, which
may be required in PCs having 8MHz system clocks. Setting switch 2 to
OFF (the default position) disables the wait state.

Configuring the Interrupt Level

Interrupt levels are specified through jumper settings on the Interrupt
Level jumper block. Jumper positions 2 to 7 on the jumper block
correspond to IRQ2 to IRQ7, respectively. Position X (the default
position) disables the interrupt levels.

Configure the Interrupt Level jumper to conform to the interrupt assigned
when you ran the DriverLINX Plug and Play Wizard.

Installing the Board

Caution: Installing or removing a board while power is on can damage

your computer.

Use the following steps to install a PIO-12 board in an accessory slot of
your computer:

1. Turn off power to the computer and all attached equipment.

2-10 Installation

2. Remove the computer chassis cover.

3. Select an unoccupied accessory slot, and remove the corresponding
blank plate from the I/O connector panel.

4. Insert and secure the board in the selected slot.

5. Replace the computer cover.

6. Turn on power to the computer.

7. Continue with the next section, “Checking Your Installation.”

Checking Y our Installation

The ability to start the DriverLINX AIO Panel utility, which is available
after you install DriverLINX, verifies that DriverLINX and the board are
installed and configured satisfactorily.

You can also test the functions of the PIO-12 board, without needing to
write an application program, by connecting appropriate digital signals
and observing the responses with the DriverLINX AIO Panel.

After testing, continue with “Using Power from the PIO-12.”

I/O Bit Tests

General Information

1. Start the AIO Panel as follows:

a. In the Start menu, click Programs.

b. Find the DriverLINX ➧ Test Panels folder, under which you

should find the AIO Panel entry.

2-11

c. Click on the AIO Panel entry. The Analog I/O Panel should

appear, similar to the example in Figure 2-2. (If you have other
DriverLINX devices installed in addition to the digital
input/output card you are testing, they will also be listed. In that
case, select the desired digital I/O card and the proper device
number before proceeding.)

Figure 2-2. An AIO Panel example

Note: The “Driver Selection” column will show the actual DriverLINX

driver(s) you have installed.

2-12 Installation

2. On the AIO Control Panel, click the DIO tab.

Figure 2-3. DIO channel tab example

2-13

Note: The on-screen digital I/O controller works as follows:

● Channels 0 to 15 refer to the 8-bit general-purpose registers of

your digital input-output card. (Depending on which card is
used, the number of valid 8-bit registers will vary.) Bits
displayed on the Digital Input Panel and the Digital Output
Panel are numbered 0-7 for every channel. Refer elsewhere in
this manual for a description of the available ports and their
direction.

● Invalid channels and settings appear as dark gray squares. For

example:

- Non-existent channels always appear as dark gray squares.

- Channels configured as inputs will appear as dark gray

squares on the output panel.

● Valid channels and settings appear as white squares when OFF

and green squares when ON. (When the manual is printed in
black and white, valid channels and settings appear as white
squares when OFF and as light gray squares when ON.)

● The two-digit numeric displays under Input Bits and Output

Bits show the hexadecimal values of the adjacent bit patterns.

● To configure a valid channel either for input or output, use the

Digital Channel Configuration Panel. Click on either the
Input or Output square below the channel number. Note: this

selection will be disabled for channels which are fixed as input
or output by hardware design.

● To turn ON output-channel bits, use the Digital Output Panel.

First select the channel number of the bits to be turned on by
clicking on the appropriate square under Channels. Then, turn
ON a bit by clicking the appropriate square under Output Bits.
Turn OFF a bit in the same way.

● To read an input-channel bit, use the Digital Input Panel. First

select the channel number to be checked by clicking the
appropriate square under Channels. Then, read the numbered
bit under Input Bits. OFF input bits appear as black dots and
ON input bits appear as green dots. (When the manual is
printed in black and white, OFF input bits appear as black dots
and ON input bits appear as light gray dots.)

2-14 Installation

3. Under Digital I/O Configuration Panel, configure channels as
shown in Figure 2-4. (Actual channels available will vary according
to your hardware.)

KEITHLEY

Channel Configuration

0

Input

Output

123456789101112131415

Digital I/O Configuration Panel

Figure 2-4. Configuring the digital I/O channels as inputs and outputs

Note: For clarity when the manual is printed in black and white, the

control colors in Figure 2-4 and subsequent drawings will be shown as
follows:

Color on

Illustration

Actual Panel Function

BLACK DARK GRAY Invalid

WHITE LIGHT GRAY OFF

GRAY GREEN ON

4. In the Digital Output Panel under Channels, click on a channel
(here, channel 0) as shown in Figure 2-5.

KEITHLEY

Channels

1234567

0

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Figure 2-5. Configuring channel 0 for output bit pattern A

5. In the Digital Output Panel under Output Bits, set the bits of the
channel as desired as shown in Figure 2-5. (Click on each bit
position to turn it ON or OFF.)

Digital Output Panel

Output Bits

76543210

55

2-15

Output Set Test

The output set test checks whether logic levels measured at all output pins
agree with output bit patterns set by software, using a DriverLINX
graphical interface (AIO Panel).

Note: This test is performed without user circuits being connected to the

outputs.

Perform the output set test as follows:

6. In the Digital Input Panel under Channels, click on a channel to
select it and display the logical state of its input lines.

1. Ready the following equipment:

● A digital voltmeter (DVM) or a digital multimeter (DMM) set to

measure voltages, or a logic probe capable of reading TTL logic
levels.

● A suitable accessory and cable for the board being tested.

2. Turn OFF the host computer.

3. Connect the cable and accessory to your board.

4. Turn ON the host computer and boot Windows 95/98/NT.

5. Click the Windows 95/98/NT Start tab.

2-16 Installation

6. Start the AIO Panel as follows:

a. In the Start menu, click Programs.

b. Find the DriverLINX ➧ Test Panels folder, under which you

should find the AIO Panel entry.

c. Click on the AIO Panel entry. The Analog I/O Panel should

appear, similar to the example in Figure 2-6. (If you have other
DriverLINX devices installed in addition to the digital
input/output card you are testing, they will also be listed. In that
case, select the desired digital I/O card and the proper device
number before proceeding.)

Figure 2-6. An AIO Panel example

2-17

7. On the AIO Panel, click the DIO tab.

Note: To read an input-channel bit, use the Digital Input Panel. First,

select the channel number to be checked by clicking the appropriate
square under Channels. Then, read the numbered bit under Input Bits.
OFF input bits appear as black dots and ON input bits appear as green
dots. (When the manual is printed in black and white, OFF input bits
appear as black dots and ON input bits appear as light gray dots.) Further
information about this panel, how to make changes, and how to interpret
displays, is given in “I/O Bit Tests” of this section.

8. Under Digital I/O Configuration Panel, configure the output
channels to be tested as shown in Figure 2-7. (Actual output channels
available will vary according to your hardware.)

KEITHLEY

Channel Configuration

0

Input

Output

123456789101112131415

Digital I/O Configuration Panel

Figure 2-7. Configuring the digital I/O channels as inputs and outputs

Note: In Figure 2-7 and subsequent drawings of digital I/O controller

panels, the squares below invalid channels are colored black instead of
dark gray—for clarity when the manual is printed in black and white.

9. In the Digital Output Panel under Channels, click on an output
channel (channel 0 in this example) as shown in Figure 2-8.

KEITHLEY

Channels

1234567

0

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Output Bits

76543210

Digital Output Panel

55

Figure 2-8. Configuring channel 0 for output bit pattern A

2-18 Installation

10. In the Digital Output Panel under Output Bits, set the bits of
channel 0 for bit pattern A as shown in Figure 2-8.

11. Measure the voltage between signal ground and each bit of the
output port with a DMM or DVM. Make measurements at the cabled
mating connector of your accessory.

12. Each bit set to ON in the AIO Panel should output a logic-high
signal at the corresponding I/O terminal, reading typically about
4 volts (minimum of 2.2 volts) at a DMM/DVM. Each bit set to OFF
in the AIO Panel should output a logic-low signal at the
corresponding I/O terminal, reading typically about 0 volts
(maximum of 0.8 volts) at a DMM/DVM. Do one of the following:

Note: The typical values shown are valid for boards with TTL

compatible outputs. For boards with relay outputs (REL-16, PDISO-8,
and PIO-32) the output will be a relay contact closure. For boards with
open collector outputs (PIO-HV) use a pull up resistor to an appropriate
voltage to detect output state. Refer to the hardware description in this
user’s guide for more details on the output’s electrical specification.

● If the bit patterns set on the AIO Panel do not agree with the

logic levels measured at the I/O terminals, the board is not
functioning properly. Stop here, and determine why.

● If the bit patterns set on the AIO Panel agree with the logic

levels measured at the I/O terminals, then repeat steps 9, 10, and
11 for remaining output channels.

13. In the Digital Output Panel under Channels, click on the output
channel to test (channel 0 in this example) as shown in Figure 2-9.

KEITHLEY

Channels

1234567

0

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Figure 2-9. Configuring channel 0 for output bit pattern B

Digital Output Panel

Output Bits

76 5 432 1 0

AA

2-19

14. In the Digital Output Panel under Output Bits, set the bits of
channel 0 for bit pattern B as shown in Figure 2-9.

15. Measure the voltage between signal ground and each bit of the
output port with a DMM or DVM. Make measurements at the
STA-50 terminals or the cabled mating connector that is connected to
the selected CONN-3160-D1 50-pin connector.

16. Again, each bit set to ON in the AIO Panel should output a
logic-high signal at the corresponding I/O terminal, reading typically
about 4 volts (minimum of 2.2 volts) at a DMM/DVM. Each bit set
to OFF in the AIO Panel should output a logic-low signal at the
corresponding I/O terminal, reading typically about 0 volts
(maximum of 0.8 volts) at a DMM/DVM.

Note: The typical values shown are valid for boards with TTL

compatible outputs. For boards with relay outputs (REL-16, PDISO-8,
and PIO-32) the output will be a relay contact closure. For boards with
open collector outputs (PIO-HV) use a pull up resistor to an appropriate
voltage to detect output state. Refer to the hardware description in this
user’s guide for more details on the output’s electrical specification.

● If the bit patterns set on the AIO Panel do not agree with the

logic levels measured at the I/O terminals, the board is not
functioning properly. Stop here, and determine why.

● If the bit patterns set on the AIO Panel do agree with the logic

levels measured at the I/O terminals, and you have performed an
output set test for all ports, the board is functioning properly.

17. Repeat steps 13, 14, and 15 for additional output channels.

Input Read Test

A similar test of input circuitry can be performed by applying an input
signal of suitable type to each input line and verifying that the appropriate
input indicator changes state. Refer to the hardware description in this
user’s guide for more details on the input’s electrical specifications.

2-20 Installation

Using Power from the PIO-12

Power from the computer supply is available on the main I/O connector of
the PIO-12. In situations where the PIO-12 is used with a dedicated
peripheral (for example, a switch pad) and the cabling and design loads
are fixed, you may find it more appropriate to use the PIO-12 power
outputs. In most other cases, however, you are advised to power external
devices from their own supplies.

In general, you are advised not to use computer power unless you can
safely avoid the following conditions:

● Short circuits, overloads, or the application of other external voltages.

All of these conditions may damage the PC system board and result in
costly repairs. The PC power supply is designed to shutdown on a
short circuit, but you should not rely on this characteristic to protect
your system.

● A power draw that exceeds the capacity of the computer power

supply and its internal loads (see the technical reference manual for
your computer). Because of computer board connector and trace
width limitations, we recommend that you limit power draw to 1A
from the +5V and +12V supplies (if available). The -12V and -5V
supplies are limited to much lower loads.

After you configure and check your installation and understand the board
power limitations discussed above, you can attach accessories as needed
and wire the external signals to the board. Refer to Section 3 for
instructions.

2-21

3

Cabling and Wiring

This section describes the cabling and wiring required for attaching
accessories and I/O lines to the main I/O connector of your PIO-12
boards. The main I/O connector of the PIO-12 is a 37-pin D-type. Pin
assignments for this connector are shown in Figure 3-1.

Power

Supplies

from

Computer

Port B

Interrupt Enable - 02

Interrupt Input - 01

Dig. Com. - 19

+5V - 18

Dig. Com. - 17

+12V - 16

Dig. Com. - 15

-12V - 14

Dig. Com. - 13

-5V - 12

Dig. Com. - 11

PB0 - 10
PB1 - 09
PB2 - 08
PB3 - 07
PB4 - 06
PB5 - 05
PB6 - 04
PB7 - 03

37 - PA0
36 - PA1
35 - PA2
34 - PA3
33 - PA4
32 - PA5
31 - PA6
30 - PA7
29 - PC0
28 - PC1
27 - PC2
26 - PC3
25 - PC4
24 - PC5
23 - PC6
22 - PC7
21 - Dig. Com.
20 - +5V

Port A

Upper

Port C

Lower

Figure 3-1. Pin Assignments for the Main I/O Connector

Caution: To avoid electrical damage, turn off power to the computer and

any attached accessories before making connections to PIO-12 boards.

3-1

Attaching Accessories

The following accessories attach to the PIO-12 through a C-1800 or
S-1800 cable, as shown in Figure 3-2:

● STA-U screw terminal accessory

● SSIO-24 12-channel mounting panel for I/O modules

● SRA-01 8-channel mounting panel for I/O modules

● ERB-24 electrical relay board

● ERA-01 electrical relay accessory

PIO-12 board

C-1800 or

S-1800

cable

STA-U, SSIO-24,

SRA-01, ERB-24,

or ERA-01

Figure 3-2. Attaching Accessories thr ough a C-1800 or S-1800 Cab le

3-2 Cabling and Wiring

Attaching an STC-37 Accessory

The STC-37 is a screw terminal panel that appears as shown in
Figure 3-3.

D-Connector that

connects to the PIO-12

main I/O connector

21
20
19
18
17

16
15
14
13
12
11
10

9
8
7
6
5

4
3
2
1

37
36
35
34

33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22

Cable Clamp

Figure 3-3. Layout of STC-37 Screw Terminal Connector Panel

3-3

The STC-37 connects to the PIO-12 main I/O connector as shown in
Figure 3-4. The screw terminal numbers of the STC-37 correspond to the
pin numbers of the main I/O connector.

STC-37

PIO-12 board

Figure 3-4. Attaching an STC-37 Accessory

3-4 Cabling and Wiring

4

Programming

You do not program the registers of your PIO-12 board directly through
Windows 95/98/NT. Instead, you program register changes through the
application programming interface (API) of DriverLINX. DriverLINX is
provided on the CD-ROM that comes with your board and should now be
installed on your system. (Refer to Section 2.) Using DriverLINX, you
can program the board in Visual C/C++, Visual Basic, and Delphi.

DriverLINX features are summarized in Section 1. For detailed
information about DriverLINX in general and about programming with
DriverLINX specifically, refer to your DriverLINX documentation.

Note: To access the DriverLINX documents on-line, Acrobat Reader

(version 3.0 or greater) must be installed on your computer.

To access the DriverLINX documentation after you have installed it on
your computer, do the following:

1. Click the Windows 95/98/NT Start tab.

2. In the Start menu, click Programs.

3. Find the DriverLINX folder, under which you should find the
On-line Manuals entry.

4. Click on the On-line Manuals entry. The DriverLINX Printable
Documentation table of contents opens via Acrobat reader.

5. Scroll through the DriverLINX Printable Documentation table of
contents and find the document or document category that you want.

4-1

6. Click on the wanted document or document category. Either the
selected document appears or a list of documents that fit the selected
category appears.

7. If a list appears, click on the title of the document that you want. The
desired document appears.

To access the DriverLINX documentation from the CD-ROM that came
with your board, do the following:

1. In Windows Explorer, double click on X:\Drvlinx4\Docs\Toc.pdf,
where X is the drive letter of your CD-ROM drive. The DriverLINX
Printable Documentation table of contents opens via Acrobat reader.

2. Scroll through the DriverLINX Printable Documentation table of
contents and find the document or document category that you want.

3. Click on the wanted document or document category. Either the
selected document appears or a list of documents that fit the selected
category appears.

4. If a list appears, click on the title of the document that you want. The
desired document appears.

4-2 Programming

If your PIO-12 board is not operating properly, use the information in this
section to isolate the problem. If the problem appears serious enough to
warrant technical support, refer to Technical Support for information on
how to contact an applications engineer.

Problem Isolation

If you encounter a problem with a PIO-12 board, use the instructions in
this section to isolate the cause of the problem before calling Keithley
Hardware Applications Engineering.

5

Troubleshooting

Identifying Symptoms and Possible Causes

Use the troubleshooting information in Table 5-1 to try to isolate the
problem. Table 5-1 lists general symptoms and possible solutions for
problems with PIO-12 boards.

5-1

Table 5-1. Troubleshooting Information

Symptom Possible Cause Possible Solution

Board does not
respond

DriverLINX is not installed
correctly or the combined
DriverLINX/board installation is
not properly configured.

Base address is incorrect or not
consistent with what the program
is addressing.

The interrupt level is incorrect or
not consistent with what the
program is addressing.

The board configuration is
incorrect.

The board is incorrectly aligned
in the accessory slot.

Reinstall and/or reconfigure DriverLINX if
necessary. Refer to “Installing DriverLINX
Software and Documentation” on page
2-2, to “Configuring Your Installation” on
page 2-6, and to “Configuring the PIO
Series” in the manual Using DriverLINX

With Your Hardware—Keithley PIO Series.

Check the base-address-switch setting. If
the base address is set correctly, make sure
no other computer device is using any of
the I/O locations beginning at the specified
base address. If necessary, reconfigure the
base address. Refer to “Setting the Base
Address” on page 2-8 for instructions on
setting the base address.

Make sure no other computer device is
using the interrupt level specified in your
program. If necessary, reset the interrupt
level.

Check the remaining settings.

Check the board for proper seating.

The board is damaged. Contact the Keithley Hardware

Applications Engineering Department; see
“Technical Support” on page 5-5.

5-2 Troubleshooting

Table 5-1. Troubleshooting Information (cont.)

Symptom Possible Cause Possible Solution

Intermittent
operation

Data appears to be
invalid

The most common cause of this
problem is that the I/O bus speed
is in excess of 8 MHz.

Vibrations or loose connections
exist.

The board is overheating. Check environmental and ambient

Electrical noise exists. Provide better shielding or reroute

The most common cause of this
problem is that the I/O bus speed
is in excess of 8 MHz.

An open connection exists. Check wiring to screw terminal.

Another system resource is using
the specified base address.

Reduce I/O bus speed to a maximum of
8MHz (to change the I/O bus speed, run
BIOS setup). See your computer
documentation for instructions on running
BIOS setup.

Cushion source of vibration and tighten
connections.

temperature. See the documentation for
your computer.

unshielded wiring.

Reduce I/O bus speed to a maximum of
8MHz (to change the I/O bus speed, run
BIOS setup). See the documentation for
your computer for instructions on running
BIOS setup.

Reconfigure the base address of the

PIO-12 board; refer to “Setting the Base

Address” on page 2-8 for more
information. Check the I/O assignments of
other system resources and reconfigure, if
necessary.

Computer does not
boot.

Board not seated properly. Check the installation of the board.

The base address setting of the

PIO-12 board conflicts with that

of another system resource.

The power supply of the host
computer is too small to handle
all the system resources.

Check the base address settings of your
system resources; each address must be
unique.

Check the needs of all system resources
and obtain a larger power supply.

If your board is not operating properly after using the information in
Table 5-1, continue with the next two sections to further isolate the
problem.

5-3

Testing the Board and Host Computer

To isolate the problem to the PIO-12 board or to the host computer, use
the following steps:

1. Turn the power to the host computer OFF, and remove power
connections to the computer.

Caution: Removing a board with the power ON can cause damage to

your board and/or computer.

2. While keeping connections to accessory board intact, unplug the
accessory connector or cable from the PIO-12 board.

3. Remove the PIO-12 board from the computer and visually check for
damage. If a board is obviously damaged, refer to “Technical
Support” on page 5-5 for information on returning the board.

4. With the PIO-12 board out of the computer, check the computer for
proper operation. Power up the computer and perform any necessary
diagnostics.

At this point, if you have another PIO-12 board that you know is
functional, you can test the slot and I/O connections using the instructions
in the next section. If you do not have another board, refer to the
instructions in “Technical Support” on page 5-5 before calling Keithley
Technical Support.

Testing the Accessory Slot and I/O Connections

When you are sure that the computer is operating properly, test the
computer accessory slot and I/O connections using another PIO-12 board
that you know is functional. To test the computer accessory slot and the
I/O connections, follow these steps:

1. Remove computer power again, and install a PIO-12 board that you
know is functional. Do not make any I/O connections.

5-4 Troubleshooting

2. Turn computer power ON and check operation with the functional
board in place. This test checks the computer accessory slot. If you
were using more than one PIO-12 board when the problem occurred,
use the functional board to test the other slot, as well.

3. If the accessory slots are functional, use the functional board to
check the I/O connections. Reconnect and check the operation of the
I/O connections, one at a time.

4. If operation fails for an I/O connection, check the individual inputs
one at a time for shorts and opens.

5. If operation remains normal to this point, the problem is in the
PIO-12 board(s) originally in the computer. If you were using more
than one board, try each board one at a time in the computer to
determine which is faulty.

6. If you cannot isolate the problem, refer to the next section for
instructions on obtaining assistance.

Technical Support

Before returning any equipment for repair, call Keithley at:

1-888-KEITHLEY

Monday - Friday, 8:00 a.m.- 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time

5-5

An applications engineer will help you diagnose and resolve your
problem over the telephone. Please make sure that you have the
information page available before you call:

PIO-12 Board
Configuration

Computer Manufacturer

Operating System DOS version

Software package Name

Compiler
(if applicable)

Model
Serial #
Revision code
Base address setting
Interrupt level setting

CPU type
Clock speed (MHz)
KB of RAM
Video system
BIOS type

Windows version
Windows mode

Serial #
Version
Invoice/Order #

Language
Manufacturer
Version

___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________

___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________

___________________
___________________
___________________

___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________

___________________
___________________
___________________

Accessories Type

Type
Type

5-6 Troubleshooting

___________________
___________________
___________________

If a telephone resolution is not possible, the applications engineer will
issue you a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number and ask you to
return the equipment. Include the RMA number with any documentation
regarding the equipment.

When returning equipment for repair, include the following information:

● Your name, address, and telephone number.

● The invoice or order number and date of equipment purchase.

● A description of the problem or its symptoms.

● The RMA number on the outside of the package.

Repackage the equipment, using the original anti-static wrapping, if
possible, and handling it with ground protection. Ship the equipment to:

ATTN: RMA #_______

Repair Department

Keithley Data Acquisition

28775 Aurora Road

Cleveland, Ohio 44139

Telephone 1-888-KEITHLEY

FAX [phone]

Notes: If you are submitting your equipment for repair under warranty,

you must include the invoice number and date of purchase.

To enable Keithley to respond as quickly as possible, you must include
the RMA number on the outside of the package.

5-7

A

Specifications

Inputs and outputs of the PIO-12 are TTL/DTL-compatible. Outputs can
drive one standard TTL (74 series) load or four LSTTL (74LS) loads.
CMOS compatibility can be achieved by connecting a 10kΩ pullup
resistor from the PIO-12 output to +5V. Table A-1 and Table A-2 list
PIO-12 specifications.

Table A-1. Input and Output Specifications

Logic Inputs and Outputs Minimum Maximum

Input logic low voltage -0.5V 0.8V

Input logic high voltage 2.0V 5.0V

Input load current for the PA, PB,

and PC ports (0 < V

Input low current interrupt inputs — -0.4mA

Input high current interrupt inputs — 20µA

Output low voltage for PA, PB,

and PC ports (I

Output high voltage for PA, PB,

and PC ports (I

source

in

= 1.7mA)

sink

= 200µA)

< 5V)

-10µA 10µA

— -0.45V

2.4V —

A-1

Table A-2. Environmental Specifications

Feature Specification

Bus-loading power consumption 170mA

Operating temperature range 0 to 50˚C

Storage temperature range -40 to 100˚C

Humidity 0 to 90% noncondensing

Dimensions 5 in. L x 4.25 in. H x

0.75 in. (12.7 cm x 10.8
cm x 1.9 cm)

Weight 4 oz (113 g)

A-2 Specifications

B

Connector Pin Assignments

The connection between an external I/O device and the PIO-12 is made at
the main I/O connector, which is a standard 37-pin, D-type male
connector. The mating connector is a 37-pin, D-type female connector
(part# SFC-37). Figure B-1 illustrates pin assignments of the PIO-12
main I/O connector.

Power

Supplies

from

Computer

Port B

Interrupt Enable - 02

Interrupt Input - 01

Dig. Com. - 19

+5V - 18

Dig. Com. - 17

+12V - 16

Dig. Com. - 15

-12V - 14

Dig. Com. - 13

-5V - 12

Dig. Com. - 11

PB0 - 10
PB1 - 09
PB2 - 08
PB3 - 07
PB4 - 06
PB5 - 05
PB6 - 04
PB7 - 03

37 - PA0
36 - PA1
35 - PA2
34 - PA3
33 - PA4
32 - PA5
31 - PA6
30 - PA7
29 - PC0
28 - PC1
27 - PC2
26 - PC3
25 - PC4
24 - PC5
23 - PC6
22 - PC7
21 - Dig. Com.
20 - +5V

Port A

Lower

Upper

Figure B-1. Main I/O Connector Pin Assignments

Port C

B-1

C

Register Maps

Note: Address maps are provided here only for background reference

purposes. You do not program registers directly in Windows 95/98/NT.
Instead, you program register changes through the application
programming interface (API) of DriverLINX, which is provided on the
CD-ROM that comes with your board. Refer to the DriverLINX
documentation that is installed on your system. (If not yet installed, you
can find it on the CD-ROM in the X:\DrvLINX4\Docs and
X:\DrvLINX4\Docs\Notes folders, where X is the drive letter of the
CD-ROM drive.)

The board’s 8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI) integrated
circuit provides 24 digital I/O lines, which make up the following three
ports:

● PORT A (abbreviated PA) consists of one 8-bit data output

latch/buffer and one 8-bit data input latch.

● PORT B (PB) consists of one 8-bit data output latch/buffer and one

8-bit data input buffer.

● PORT C (PC) consists of one 8-bit data output latch/buffer and one

8-bit data input buffer. This port can also be used as two 4-bit ports:
PC Upper (PC4 to PC7) and PC Lower (PC0 to PC3).

C-1

Port Configuration

Each port or half-port is configured as an input or an output according to
the value of the control word in the PPI control register. The control word
is 1-byte word programmed at Base Address +3. Refer to Table C-1 for
the complete 8255 PPI address map.

Address Function Type

Base Address +0 Port A (PA) Read/Write

Base Address +1 Port B (PB) Read/Write

Base Address +2 Port C (PC) Read/Write

Base Address +3 Control Word Write only

The control word also specifies one of the following three operating
modes (for a complete description of the PPI operating modes, refer to the
Intel 8255-5 data sheet):

Table C-1. 8255 PPI Address Map

● Mode 0 — Basic I/O; all ports are I/O ports.

● Mode 1 — Strobed I/O; part of Port C controls data transfer.

● Mode 2 — Bidirectional I/O on Port A only; part of Port C controls

data transfer.

C-2 Register Maps

A power-up or reset automatically configures all ports as inputs. This
configuration remains intact until changed by a write to the control
register. The initialization section of your program should set the port
configuration. Table C-2 illustrates how the port configuration is derived
from the control word.

Table C-2. Derivation of Port Configuration from Control Word

Bit

Bit #

Setting Configuration

7 0

1

6 and 5 00

01
10

1X

4 0

1

301PC4 to PC7 output

2 0

1

101PB output

0 0

1

Bit set/reset mode for PC0 to PC7
Mode set active for PC0 to PC7

Mode 0 for PA4 to PA7 and PC4 to PC7
Mode 1 for PA4 to PA7 and PC4 to PC7
Mode 2 for PA4 to PA7 and PC4 to PC7
Mode 2 for PA4 to PA7 and PC4 to PC7

PA output
PA input

PC4 to PC7 input

PB0 to PB3 and PC0 to PC3 output
PB0 to PB3 and PC0 to PC3 input

PB input

PC0 to PC3 output
PC0 to PC3 input

C-3

Control words that match various port directions are listed in Table C-3.
This table summarizes information from the Intel peripheral data book on
control words and their port directions for mode 0.

Table C-3. PIO Control Word

Port C

Control Word Port A Port B

80h Out Out Out Out

81h Out Out In Out

82h Out In Out Out

83h Out In In Out

88h Out Out Out In

89h Out Out In In

8Ah Out In Out In

8Bh Out In In In

90h In Out Out Out

91h In Out In Out

92h In In Out Out

93h In In In Out

98h In Out Out In

99h In Out In In

Lower 0 to 3

Port C

Upper 4 to 7

9Ah In In Out In

9Bh In In In In

All port registers of the 8255 PPI are cleared by a write to the control
register.

C-4 Register Maps

A

D

accessories, attaching 3-2
accessory

ERA-01 1-5
ERB-24 1-5
SRA-01 1-5
SSIO-24 1-4
STA-U 1-4

STC-37 1-4
anti-static wrapping material 2-7
attaching

accessories 3-2

the STC-37 accessory 3-3

B

base address switch 2-9
block diagram 1-2
board

grounding during handling to protect 2-7

handling 2-7

data input latch C-1
digital I/O ports 1-2
documentation, DriverLINX

accessing 2-4, 4-1

installing 2-2
documentation, this manual, installing 2-2
DriverLINX

configuring 2-6

description 1-3

documentation, accessing 2-4, 4-1

documentation, installing 2-2

installing 2-2

programming 4-1

E

ERA-01 accessory 1-5
ERB-24 accessory 1-5

F

C

C-1800 cable 1-5
cable

C-1800 1-5

S-1800 1-5
cabling and wiring 3-1
checking the installation 2-11
computer resources

determination for installation 2-2
configuring

DriverLINX 2-6

installation 2-6
connector, main I/O 1-3
control byte C-2

factory-default settings 2-8
features and operating characteristics 1-2

G

general description 1-1
grounding

handling to protect board 2-7
to protect board 2-7

X-1

I

O

I/O bit tests 2-11

general information 2-11

input read test 2-20

output set test 2-16
installation

checking 2-11

configuring 2-6

resource inventory 2-2
installing

documentation 2-2

software, DriverLINX 2-2
installing a PIO-12 board 2-10
interfaces

installing for applications 2-3
interrupt

controller, 8259 1-3

enable line 1-2

input channel 1-2
interrupt levels 2-10

J

operating modes C-2
output latch/buffer C-1
overview 1-1

P

parallel I/O devices 1-1
pin assignments B-1
port configuration C-2, C-3
power levels 1-3
PPI (Programmable Peripheral Interface)

8255 PPI address map C-2
8255 PPI description C-1

precautions, installation

board 2-7

DriverLINX before board 2-1
problem isolation 5-1
programming

DriverLINX 4-1

overview 1-3

registers 4-1

J8

Slot switch 2-10
Wait State switch 2-10

jumper block 2-10

L

latch/buffer C-1

R

registers

programming 4-1
resources, installation, inventory 2-2
RMA number 5-7

S

M

main I/O connector 1-3, B-1
manuals, DriverLINX

accessing 2-4, 4-1
installing 2-2

X-2 Index

S-1800 cable 1-5
setting

a base address 2-9
setting the J8 Slot/Wait State switch 2-10

software, DriverLINX

description 1-3
installing 2-2

programming 4-1
specifications A-1
SRA-01 accessory 1-5
SSIO-24 accessory 1-4
STA-U accessory 1-4
supporting software 1-3
switch and jumper locations 2-8
symptoms and possible solutions 5-1

T

technical support 5-5
TTL/CMOS-compatible 1-2

U

unpacking and inspecting 2-7
using power from the PIO-12 2-21

X-3

Specifications are subject to change without notice.
All Keithley trademarks and trade names are the property of Keithley Instruments, Inc. All other trademarks and

trade names are the property of their respective companies.

Keithley Instruments, Inc. 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: [phone]

1-888-KEITHLEY (534-8453) • www.keithley.com

Sales Offices: BELGIUM: Bergensesteenweg 709 • B-1600 Sint-Pieters-Leeuw • 02-363 00 40 • Fax: [phone]

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Yuan Chen Xin Building, Room 705 • 12 Yumin Road, Dewai, Madian • Beijing 100029 • 8610-6202-2886 • Fax: [phone]

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© Copyright 2001 Keithley Instruments, Inc.

Printed in the U.S.A.

4/02