KAL 3840
Automotive Scope / GMM
User’s Man
ual
Menu Overview
MAIN MENU
CHANGE VEHICLE
COMPONENT TESTS
SCOPE
GRAPHING MULTIMETER
VEHICLE DATA
INSTRUMENT SETUP
VEHICLE DATA MENU
CYLINDERS
: 4
CYCLES : 4
BATTERY : 12 V
IGNITION : CONV
IGNITION MENU
CONV (default)
DIS
DIESEL
SENSOR TESTS MENU
ABS Sensor (Mag)
O2S Sensor (Zirc)
Dual O2Sensor
ECT Sensor
Fuel Temp Sensor
IAT Sensor
Knock Sensor
TPS Sensor
CKP Magnetic
CKP Hall
CKP Optical
CMP Magnetic
CMP Hall
CMP Optical
VSS Magnetic
VSS Optical
MAP Analog
MAP Digital
MAF Analog
MAF Digi Slow
MAF Digi Fast
MAF Karman-Vrtx
EGR (DPFE)
ACTUATOR TESTS MENU
Injector PFI/MFI
Injector TBI
Injector PNP
Injector Bosch
Mixture Cntl Sol
EGR Cntl Sol
IAC Motor
IAC Solenoid
Trans Shift Sol
Turbo Boost Sol
Diesel Glow Plug
ELECTRICAL TESTS MENU
Power Circuit
V Ref Circuit
Ground Circuit
Alternator Output
Alternator Field VR
Alternator Diode
Audio System
DC Switch Circuits
IGNITION TESTS MENU
PIP/ SPOUT
DI Primary
DI Secondary
DIS Primary
DIS Secondary
DIESEL MENU
DIESEL INJECTOR
ADVANCE
COMPONENT TESTS MENU
SENSORS
ACTUATORS
ELECTRICAL
IGNITION
(or DIESEL)
GRAPHING MULTIMETER MENU
VOLT DC, AC
OHM/DIODE/CONTINUITY
RPM
FREQUENCY
DUTY CYCLE
PULSE WIDTH
DWELL
IGNITION PEAK VOLTS
IGNITION BURN VOLTS
IGNITION BURN TIME
INJECTOR PEAK VOLTS
INJECTOR ON TIME
AMP DC, AC
TEMPERATURE C F
LIVE
MENU ( )
DISPLAY OPTIONS MENU
USER LAST SETUP : OFF
CONTRAST : 4
GRATICULE : ON
HORIZ TRIG POS : 10 %
ACQUIRE MODE : PEAK DETECT
AUTO POWER OFF MENU
AUTO POWER OFF : ON
AUTO POWER OFF TIME : 30 min
INSTRUMENT SETUP MENU
DISPLAY OPTIONS
FILTER
AUTO POWER OFF
LANGUAGE
SCOPE CALIBRATION
FILTER MENU
INPUT A : OFF
INPUT B : OFF
LANGUAGE MENU
LANGUAGE : ENGLISH
When ha ndling any si gnals higher
than 150 V peak, don t elect rically
a c t i v at e BOTH C H A and/or CH B
terminal(s) AND USB terminal together
at a tim e. If they ar e ele ctrically
activated simultaneously, a death or a
serious pe rs o na l inj ur y cou ld be
resulted in.
DANGER
Vehicle m anufactu rers have helped you loca te a driveability proble m by designing Electronic Control Units with
trouble-code generating capabilities. But, the ECUs aren’t perfect because they don’t cover everything (most glitches
and intermittents). On-board diagnostic systems a re engineered with fairly wide set limits for sensors, actuators,
connectors and terminals. When a component exceeds its limit consistently, a trouble code is generated. But to keep
warranty costs in line, tolerances aren’t set to catch all transients, even though they can cause some of your worst
driveability problems.
Therefore, repair technicians are finding more and more uses for a Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO) and a Digital
Multimeter (DMM) thesedays. A DSO can capture a live “signature” of a circuit and sto re it for later analysis or
comparison against Known-good waveforms - an invaluable resource for detecting marginal components. A GMM
(Graphing Multimeter) gives you advanced multimeter capabilities coupled with the visual power of trend graphing
and waveform display.
This Meter a combination DSO and GMM represents the most powerful and versatile tool availa ble for
troubleshooting automotive electronics since we can track down elusive no-code driveability problems.
1.1 COMPARING SCAN TOOLS, DSOs AND DMMs
All of these tools have unique capabilities, and today’s vehicles demand that automotive technicians are able to use
all three tools to correctly diagnose various driveability problems. DSOs alone cannot replace DMMs or scan tools.
By the same token, DMMs or scan tools cannot replace DSOs.
For example, when anti-lock brakes on your car are sometimes erratic, you might firstly try a road test to notice that
the ABS light does not come on. When you get back to the shop, you plug in your scan tool and find no trouble
codes.
Because you still have your DMM, you follow the manufacturer’s instructions and you look at the output voltage from
each of the wheel speed sensors. They all appear to be in tolerance, and the manufacturer’s fault tree recommends
you to replace the ABS computer. Unfortunat ely, the ABS comp uter on this vehicle is embedded in the master
cylinder, so you must replace everything. The worst thing is the problem still exists even after you complete all of the
work.
Normal ABS Signal
Most of the signal shown above is visible to scan tools, DSOs and DMMs.
Faulty ABS Signal
However, the faults shown above are not visible to scan tools and DMMs. They are only visible to DSOs.
1-1
Contents
Menu Overview
1. Introduction
1.1 Comparing Scan Tools, DSOs and DMMs 1- 1
1.2 Vehicle Service Manuals 1- 2
2. Safety Information
3. Automotive Electronic Signals
3.1 Primary Signal Types Found in Modern Vehicles 3- 1
3.2 Critical Characteristics of Automotive Electronic Signals 3- 2
3.3 The Golden Rule of Electronic System Diagnosis 3- 2
3.4 Signal Probing with an Oscilloscope 3- 2
4. Getting Started
4.1 Product Description 4- 1
4.2 Quick Tour 4- 2
4.3 Front Panel Controls 4- 6
4.4 Measurement Connections 4- 7
4.5 Grounding Guidelines 4- 8
4.6 Display 4- 9
4.7 SCOPE Mode 4-15
4.8 GMM (GRAPHING MULTIMETER) Mode 4-16
5. Instrument Operation
5.1 Instrument Test Modes 5- 1
5.2
SCOPE Displays
5- 1
5.3 GMM Displays 5- 7
5.4 Dual Input Scope Operation 5-13
5.5 Changing the Vehicle Data and Instrument Setup 5-13
5.6 Freezing, Saving, and Recalling Screens 5-17
5.7 Glitch Snare Operation 5-18
5.8 Tips for Noise Management 5-19
6. Automotive Diagnostics & Applications
6.1 Component Tests 6- 1
6.2 Sensor Tests 6- 1
6.3 Actuator Tests 6-32
6.4 Electrical Tests 6-48
6.5 Ignition Tests 6-57
6.6 Diesel Tests 6-68
7. Maintenance
8. Specifications
Glossary
Menu Overview
1. INTRODUCTION
WARNING
READ “SAFETY INFORMATION” BEFORE USING THIS MANUAL.
This instrument is designed to be use d only qualified p ersonnel who are (properly trained) skilled professional
automotive technicians.
It is assumed that the user has a thorough understanding of vehicle systems before using this instrument.
To use this instrument safely, it is essential that operating and servicing personnel follow both generally accepted
safety procedures and the safety precautions specified in this manual.
A DANGER identifies an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury to
the user or the bystanders.
A WARNING identifies conditions and actions that pose hazard(s) to the user or the bystanders.
A CAUTION identifies conditions and actions that may damage the instrument or the vehicle.
The term “Isolated (or Electrically floating)” is used in t his manual to indicate a measurement in which the COM
terminal of this instrument is connected to a voltage different from earth ground. The term “Grounded” is used when
the COM terminal is connected to an earth ground potential. The COM terminal of this instrument is rated up to 300
V rms above earth ground for the safety of isolated measurements.
Using Your Instrument Safely
Follow safe servicing practices as described in your vehicle service manual. To use this instrument safely, follow the
safety guidelines below :
DANGER
Use the instrument in service area WELL VENTILATED providing at least four change of air per hour. Engines
produce carbon monoxide, an odorless, colorless, and poisonous gas that causes slower action time and can
result in death or serious injury. Route exhaust outside while testing with engine running.
Set the parking brake and block the wheels, especially the wheels on front-wheel drive vehicles, before testing or
repairing the vehicle because the parking brake does not hold the drive wheels.
Be sure there is adequate clearance between any moving components when testing. Moving components and
belts can CATCH loose clothing, parts of your body or the instrument and cause serious damage or personal
injury.
Always wear approved safety eye p rotection when testing or repairing vehicles. Objects can be propelled b y
whirling engine components can cause serious injury.
When h andling a ny signals hig her than 150 V peak, don t electrically activa te BOTH CH A and/or CH B
terminal(s) AND USB terminal together at a time. If they are electrically activated simultaneously, a death or a
serious personal injury could be resulted in.
2-1
If you had a DSO, you could look at the output signal from each of the wheel speed sensors. From this you would
have discovered that the left rear wheel speed sensor had some very fast aberrations that caused the ABS computer
to act strange. You replace the left rear wheel speed sensor to cure the problem. The scan tools missed this problem
because no trouble codes were set and the computer communication bus was too slow to pick up the spikes. The
DMMs missed this problem because it averaged the sensor signals and could not see the fast abberations.
Scan tools and DMMs sample very slow when compared to DSOs. DSOs are typically more than a few hundred
thousand times faster than scan tools and more than 1,000 times faster than DMMs.
There are many examples of vehicle signals that DMMs and scan tools are unable to see. There are many vehicle
problems that can occur that really require a DSO or combination DSO and DMM to diagnose accurately.
1.2 VEHICLE SERVICE MANUALS
This in strument tells how to hook up it to the selected veh icle components to be tested. However, it is strongly
recomm ended th at you con sult the manufactu rer’s service manual for your vehicle before any test or repair
procedures are performed in order to get the color of the wire or the PCM’s pin number from a wiring diagram.
For availabili ty of these service manuals, contact your local car d ealership, auto parts store, or bookstore, The
following companies publish valuable repair manuals:
• Mitchell International
14145 Danielson Street
Poway, CA 92064
Tel : 888-724-6742
• Haynes Publications
861 Lawrence Drive
Newbury Park, CA 91320
Tel : 1-800-442-9637
• Motor Publications
5600 Crooks Road, Suite 200
Troy, MI 48098
Tel : 1-800-426-6867
• Helm Inc.
14310 Hamilton Avenue
Highland Park, MI 48203
Tel : 1-800-782-4356
1-2
2. SAFETY INFORMATION
• Disconnect the live test lead before disconnecting the common test lead.
• Do not perform internal service or adjustment of this instrument unless you are qualified to do so.
Avoid Burns:
• Do not touch hot exhaust systems, manifolds, engines, radiators, sample probe, etc.
• Do not remove radiator cap unless engine is cold. Pressurized engine coolant may be hot.
• Wear gloves when handling hot engine components.
• Use a suitable battery carrier when transporting batteries.
CAUTION
• Disconnect circuit power and discharge all high voltage capacitors before connecting the instrument to make
resistance, continuity, or diodes measurements.
• Do not rely on questionable, erratic, or obviously erroneous test informations or results. Make sure that all
connections and data entry information are correct and that the test procedure was taken correctly. Do not use
suspicious test information or results for diagnostics.
2-3
Avoid Fires:
• Do not position head directly over carburetor or throttle body. Do not pour gasoline down carburetor or throttle
body when cranking or running engine. Engine backfire can occur when air cleaner is out of normal position.
• Do not use fuel injector cleaning solvents or carburetor sprays when performing diagnostic testing.
• The instrument has internal arcing or sparking parts. Do not expose the instrument to flammable vapors.
• Do not smoke, strike a match, place metal tools on battery, or cause a spark in the vicinity of the battery. Battery
gases can ignite.
• Keep a fire extinguisher rated for gasoline, chemical, and electrical fires in work area. Fires can lead to serious
injury or death.
WARNING
Avoid Electrical Shock:
• Make sure that the vehicle to be tested is at a safe potential before making any measurement connections.
• Connect the COM input of the instrument to vehicle ground before clamping the standard SECONDARY PICKUP
(supplied) on the ignition wires. This ground connection is required IN ADDITION TO the normal measurement
ground connections.
•
Do not touch ignition coils, coil terminals, and spark plugs while operating. They emit high voltages.
• Do not puncture an ignition wire to connect the instrument, unless specifically instructed by vehicle manufacturer.
• Be sure the ignition is in the OFF position, headlights and other accessories are off, and doors are closed before
disconnecting the battery cables. This also prevents damage to on-board computer systems.
IF the ground of the instrument is connected to a voltage higher than 42 V peak (30 V rms);
• Use only the standard test leads set supplied with the instrument.
• Do not use conventional exposed metal BNC or BANANA PLUG connectors.
•
Use only one ground connection to the instrument (GROUND LEAD of the CH A’s shielded test lead).
• Remove all probes and test leads that are not in use.
• Connect the power adapter to the AC outlet before connecting it to the instrument.
Follow the general safety guidelines below;
• Avoid working alone.
• Inspect the test leads for damaged insulation or exposed metal. Check test lead continuity. Replace damaged
leads before use.
• Do not use the instrument if it looks damaged.
• Select the proper function and range for your measurement.
• When using the probes, keep your fingers away from probe contacts.
Keep your fingers behind the finger guards on the probes.
2-2
3.1 PRIMARY SIGNAL TYPES FOUND IN MODERN VEHICLES
Once you become familiar with basic vehicle waveforms it will not matter how new or old the vehicle is, or even who
manufactured the vehicle. You will be able to recognize signals that do not look right.
Direct Current (DC) Signals
The types of sensors or devices in a vehicle that produce DC signals are:
• Power Supplies- Battery voltage or sensor reference voltages created by the PCM.
• Analog sensor signals - engine coolant temperature, fuel temperature, intake air temperature, throttle position,
EGR pressure and valve position, oxygen, vane and hot wire mass airflow sensors, vacuum and throttle switches
and GM, Chrysler and Asian manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensors.
Alternating Current (AC) Signals
The types of sensors or devices in a vehicle that produce AC signals are:
• Vehicle speed sensors (VSS)
• Antilock brake system wheel speed sensors (ABS wheel speed sensors)
• Magnetic camshaft (CMP) and crankshaft (CKP) position sensors
• Engine vacuum balance viewed from an analog MAP sensor signal
• Knock sensors (KS)
Frequency Modulated Signals
The types of sensors or devices in a vehicle that produce Frequency Modulated signals are:
•
Digital mass airflow (MAF) sensors
• Ford’s digital MAP sensors
• Optical vehicle speed sensors (VSS)
• Hall Effect vehicle speed sensors (VSS)
• Optical camshaft (CMP) and crankshaft (CKP) position sensors
• Hall Effect camshaft (CMP) and crankshaft (CKP) position sensors
Pulse Width Modulated Signals
The types of circuits of devices in a vehicle that produce Pulse Width Modulated signals are:
• Ignition coil primary
• Electronic spark timing circuits
•
EGR, purge, turbo boost, and other control solenoids
• Fuel injectors
• Idle air control motors and solenoids
Serial Data (Multiplexed) Signals
The types of circuits or devices in a vehicle that produce Serial Data signals are:
• Powertrain control modules (PCM)
• Body control modules (BCM)
• ABS control modules
•
Other control modules with self diagnostics or other serial data / communications capability
3-1
3. AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONIC SIGNALS
To minimize this possible interference with the oscilloscope, keep these tips and suggestions in mind:
Most interference will be picked up by the oscilloscope test leads.
• Route the test leads away from all ignition wires and components whenever possible.
• Use the shortest test leads possible, since other test leads may act as an antenna and increase the potential for
interference, e specially at higher frequency levels that are found when probing near the vehicle s on-board
computer.
• With the potential for RF interference in the engine compartment, if possible, use the vehicle chassis as ground
when connecting the oscilloscope test leads. In some cases the engine block can actually act as an antenna for
the RF signals.
• The test leads are a very important part of any oscillosco pe. Substituting other l eads in both le ngth a nd
capability may alter the signals on your display.
The oscilloscope can also pick up interference like the test leads.
• Because the oscilloscope circuits are so sensitive, and therefore powerful, do not place the oscilloscope directly
on ignition wires or near high energy ignition components, like coil packs.
•
If you are using the AC or DC charger/adaptor to power the oscilloscope, keep the external power leads far
away from the engine and ignition if possible.
3-3
3.2 CRITICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONIC SIGNALS
Only 5 critical characteristics (or information types) given from th e Automotive electronic signals are important
because the vehicle’s PCM considers them important.
• Amplitude - The voltage of the electronic signal at a certain point in time.
• Frequency - The time between events, or cycles, of the electronic signal, usually given in cycles per second
(Hertz).
• Shape - The signature of the electronic signal, with its unique curves, contours, and corners.
• Duty Cycle - The on-time, or relative pulse width of the electronic signal.
• Pattern - The repeated patterns within the signal that make up specific messages, like synchronous pulses that
tell the PCM that cylinder #1 is at TDC (Top Dead Center), or a repeated pattern in the serial data
stream that tells the scan tool the coolant temperature is 212 F (or 100 C), etc.
3.3 THE GOLDEN RULE OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS
For the vehic le’s computer sy stem to function properly, it mus t send and receive signals wi th the critical
characteristics it was designed to communicate with.
Each of the primary types of electronic signals use the critical characteristics to establish electronic communication.
They each use different combinations of the critical characteristics to communicate. Here’s a list of which critical
characteristics each of the primary signal types uses to communicate:
• Direct Current signals use Amplitude only.
• Alternating Current signals use Amplitude, Frequency, and Shape.
• Frequency Modulated signals use Amplitude, Frequency, and Shape.
•
Pulse Width Modulated signals use Amplitude, Frequency, Shape, and Duty Cycle.
• Serial Data signals use Amplitude, Frequency, Shape, Duty Cycle, and Pattern.
The list will help to give you a better understanding of which signal types use which critical characteristics to do their
electronic communication. The above rules work very well and hold up in most cases, but there are exceptions to its
rules. Not many, but a few.
It may come no surprise to some that serial data signals are the most complex signals in the vehicle. They use all 5
critical characteristics to communicate with. Thus, they take a special analyzer to decode them - one very familiar to
most technicians - the scan tool.
3.4 SIGNAL PROBING WITH AN OSCILLOSCOPE
The e ngine compartmen t of a ru nnin g ve hicle is a very unfriendly environm ent for automotive signals to live.
Temperature extremes, dirt and corrosion, and electrical leaks, or noises from the high voltage pulses generated
from a typical ignition system can produce interf erence that can contribute significantly to th e ca use of m any
driveability problems.
When you are probing components, sensors and circuits, be aware that the electrical noises from today’s high output
ignition systems can produce an RF energy that is similar to a radio station. Since oscilloscopes are so sensitive,
this interference can actually override the signals you are trying to capture and give you a false r eading on the
display.
3-2
4.1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
This instrument is a battery-operated 2-channel lab scope, advanced true rms graphing multimeter (GMM) designed
expressly for use in the automotive service market. The main purpose of this instrument is to provide advanced
troubleshooting capabilities for automotive service technicians in an easy-to-operate format.
This instrument offers the following features:
•
A 25 Mega-sample/Second (one channel minimum) sample rate for rapid data updates.
• Lab scope signal patterns.
• True RMS Graphing Multimeter (GMM) measurements and graphs.
• A unique “Glitch Snare” mode which captures, displays and optionally saves abnormal signal patterns in the
Scope mode of the COMPONENT TESTS only when they occur.
• Preset tests that enable the user to check the majority of automotive sensors, actuators and systems easily and
quickly.
• Powerful built-in reference information for each preset test which includes a test procedure showing how to
connect to the circuit, a normal reference signal pattern, theory of operation and troubleshooting tips.
• Menu-driven interface has automatic configurations for most of non-preset tests, so you will find that the
instrument is easy-to-use.
• The Secondary Ignition Single function displays the waveform along with the spark voltage, RPM, burn time and
burn voltage.
• The Diesel function allows you to set injection pump timing and RPM using the optional Diesel accessories.
• USB interface supports updates for code and data.
Even though this instrument is designed to configure itself to almost any test, it is very important that you continue
through this manual and carefully read and understand the capabilities of this instrument before attempting actual
measurements.
4-1
4. GETTING STARTED
• GRAPHING MULTIMETER
• VEHICLE DATA
• INSTRUMENT SETUP
The fastest way to set up the instrument to test most automotive devices(sensors, actuators...) and circuits is
to choose from one of the built in COMPONENT TESTS
. Each test places the instrument in a configuration best
suited to display signals for the chosen device or circuit.
In order to get the Pin # / Wire Color for the component of the vehicle to be tested by using the HELP ( )
button before starting test of the selected component, you must select the vehicle first by using the C HANGE
VEHICLE menu choice. Then, the data (Year, Make, Line, WD, Engine capacity, etc.) for the vehicle to be tested will
show on the “SELECTED VEHICLE” area.
Press a Four Way arrow key to po sition the HIGHLIGHT BAR over the C OMPONENT TESTS me nu choice and
press to select.
From the resulting COMPONENT TESTS menu, select IGNITION from the test group. Then, press to select.
4-3
4.2 QUICK TOUR
Powering the Instrument
Press the POWER key to turn the instrument on. The instrument beeps once and turns on.
At power on, the instrument displays the VEHICLE DATA menu as shown in Figure 1.
Changing the Power-On Display
Use “Instrument Setup” menu option to change the Power-On display from VEHICLE DATA MENU(default) to the
user’s last display.
Adjusting the Display Contrast
Press LIGHT ( ) and Keep it depressed until you can clearly read the display.
Resetting the Instrument
If you want to restore the instrument settings as delivered from the factory, do the following:
1. Turn the instrument off by pressing the POWER key.
2. Keep depressed while you turn the instrument on by pressing the POWER key. Release . You will hear a
double beep to indicate that the Master Reset has been executed.
NOTE
The Master Reset clears all memory data.
Performing a Navigation Exercise
To display the MAIN MENU while a measurement display is active, press the MENU key to display the MAIN MENU
as shown in Figure 2. This menu lists all of the tests, displays and setups available:
• CHANGE VEHICLE
• COMPONENT TESTS
• SCOPE
4-2
Default settings:
You can change the
settings to match with
the vehicle under test.
Press the F1 key to
accept the displayed
settings.
Press the F5 key to
change the highlighted
selection.
VEHICLE DATA MENU
CYLINDERS : 4
CYCLES
: 4
BATTERY : 12 V
IGNITION : CONV
Figure 1. Vehicle Data Menu at Power-On
MAIN MENU
SELECTED VEHICLE
( Y e a r , M a k e , L i n e , W D , E n g i n e , e t c . )
CHANGE VEHICLE
COMPONENT TESTS
SCOPE
GRAPHING MULTIMETER
VEHICLE DATA
INSTRUMENT SETUP
Figure 2. Main Menu
COMPONENT TESTS MENU
SENSORS
ACTUATORS
ELECTRICAL
IGNITION
Figure 2. Selecting IGNITION Menu
OK SELECT
BACK SELECT
BACK SELECT
• Press the SAVE key to save the present screen in the next memory location.
• Press the RECALL key to recall the screen last saved in memory.
• Press the CLEAR key to clear all the memory locations.
• Press the BACK key to resume measuring or to return to the previous display.
Power Sources and Charging the Battery
The instrument can be powered from any of the following sources:
• Internal Battery Pack
This is a rechargeable Ni-MH Battery Pack already installed.
• Power Adapter
The Power Adapter / Battery Charger powers the instrument from a standard AC outlet and charges the installed
Ni-MH Battery Pack.
The instrument can be used during battery charging. Verify that your local line voltage is appropriate before using
the Power Adapter to power the instrument.
• Charging Adapter (Optional)
This adapter charges the instrument’s Ni-MH Battery Pack from a standard 12 V DC cigarette lighter outlet
WARNING
TO AVOID ELECTRICAL SHOCK, USE A BATTERY CHARGER THAT IS
AUTHORIZED FOR USE WITH THE AUTOMOTIVE SCOPE.
USE the following procedure to charge the battery pack and to power the instrument:
1. Connect the Power Adapter / Battery Charger to line voltage.
2. Insert the Power Adapter’s low voltage plug into the Power Adapter connector of the instrument. You can now use
the instrument while the Ni-MH batteries are being charged slowly. If the instrument is turned off, the batteries are
charged more quickly.
During operation, when the batteries are low, a battery symbol appears on the top right of the display. When
this occurs, replace or recharge the internal battery pack immediately.
3. The Power Adapter uses a trickle charging method for the batteries, so no damage can occur even if you leave it
charging for long periods.
Typically a 8 hour recharge during instrument working and a 4 hour recharge during instrument off provides the
instrument with the maximum use of 4 hours.
Auto-Power-Off
When o perat ed on batteries (no adapte r connecte d), the i nst rum ent c onserves p ower by turning it self off
automatically, if you have not pressed a key for 30 minutes or if the battery level is too low. The instrument turns
back on if the POWER key is pressed.
The Auto-Power-Off will be disabled automatically when enters the GMM mode.
You can adjust the Auto-Power-Off time between 5 minutes and 120 minutes to use “Instrument Setup” menu option.
4-5
Next, press the Four Way arrow keys to highlight PIP/SPOUT. Press to select. Now, the instrument is ready to
test the input signal(s).
Press to remove the Reference Waveform(s).
Press to enter the scope into the test mode and continue to display the Reference Waveform(s) for comparison
to a live waveform(s).
For this demonstration, view the following reference information specific to the test selected. Reference information
is available at any time by pressing the HELP key. Press when finished viewing each area under the HELP
menu.
Pin # / Wire Color - Tells pin numbers and wire colors for both PCM and the other component connector for certain
COMPONENTS.
Test Procedure - Tells how to hook up the scope, and what accessories to use. Describes how to stimulate the
sensor or operate the circuit to obtain a diagnostic waveform.
Reference Waveform (REF WFM) - Shows a typical good or normal signal pattern. Describes significant waveform
features or variations.
Theory of Operation - Explains what the sensor or circuit does and the important signals involved.
Troubleshooting Tips - Tells the symptoms caused by the defective component and how to fix up the problems.
Function Information - Explains about the particular function keys that can be used for the selected test for certain
COMPONENTS.
Pressing moves back through the previous displays to return to active tests or to test selected menus.
After you choose a preset test, you may change most instrument settings to get a better look at the signal. You can
even change to different display modes, moving between Scope mode and GMM mode as needed, by pressing the
GMM MODE
function key in the Scope display or the SCOPE MODE
function key in the GMM display.
You can hold the information in memory at any time b y pressing the HOLD key to freeze the display. Notice that
SAVE, RECALL, and CLEAR function key label is displayed above the Function key on the bottom display after HOLD
( ) is pressed.
4-4
Figure 3. Example of Result Display
4.4 MEASUREMENT CONNECTIONS
INPUT A (Red)
INPUT A is used for all single channel measurements, sometimes combined with use of the other inputs, Various
test leads and adapters are required depending on the type of measurement selected.
INPUT B (Yellow)
INPUT B is used in conjunction with INPUT A.
• In COMPONENT TEST mode,
for DUAL 02 SENSOR measurements.
for PIP/SPOUT measurements.
for ADVANCE measurements.
• In SCOPE mode you can use the instrument as a dual trace oscilloscope with INPUT A and INPUT B connected.
4-7
4.3 FRONT PANEL CONTROLS
Key Control Overview
Key Descriptions
4-6
Figure 5. Measurement Connections
Figure 4. Key Control Overview
Display area for the
Function Key Labels
ITEM KEYS
DESCRIPTION
& HELP Displays information about the highlighted menu choice during menu selection.
Displays information about the function keys when a selected test is running.
& Performs one of the following actions:
• Moves up and down through menu choices.
• Moves a waveform up and down.
• Moves a voltage cursor up and down.
• Adjusts the trigger level when you are in the SCOPE mode.
• Moves a waveform right and left.
• Moves a time cursor left and right.
Ranges amplitude up and down for both channels (CH A & CH B).
Ranges Time Bass up and down for both channels (CH A & CH B).
& AUTO Sets automatic ranging on and off (toggle).
When on, the top right display shows AUTO. When th is function is set o n, it
searches for the best range and time base settings and once found it tracks the
signal. When this function is off, you should manually control ranging.
& MENU Takes you back to the main navigation menu.
ITEM KEYS DESCRIPTION
HOLD
Freezes the display (HOLD is displayed at the top right). Also displays a menu to
save or recall screens or to clear the memory.
to These are the Function keys.
The funct ion assigne d to each key is indicat ed by the Functio n K ey Label
displayed above the key on the bottom display.
Cursor (Short) key allows you to use cursors for measurements on waveforms.
A cursor is a vertical or a horizontal line that you can move over the waveform
like a ruler to measure values at specific points.
Light (Long) key turns the LCD Backlight on and off.
POWER Turns the power on and o ff (toggle). When you turn the power on, previous
settings are activated.
3. Measurement faults or short circuit with the DUAL INPUT SCOPE mode. This occurs when you perform floating
measurements with grounding at different points.
Instrument Grounding for Measurements on the Ignition System
For the instrument safety, connect the COM input to engine ground before you perform measurements on the
ignition system with the Capacitive Secondary Pickup.
To prevent ground loops, connect all ground leads to the SAME engine ground.
4.6 DISPLAY
The instrument presents “live” measurement data in the form of Scope and GMM displays. Temporary displays are
used to display frozen and saved measurement data.
Menus are provided as a means of choosing instrument’s measurement configuration. To display the MAIN MENU
while a measurement display is active, press the MENU key at any time.
Menu Display
When you press MENU key, the instrument displays the MAIN MENU. To select a menu option, use the Four Way
arrow keys to move the highlight bar to the desired item. Then press . To exit the MAIN MENU and return to the
previous setup, press . During menu selection, the bottom part of the screen is used to display the function key
menu.
4-9
COM, TRIGGER
Used as external trigger for probes with dual banana plugs, such as the RPM Inductive Pickup.
TRIGGER (as single input)
Used in SCOPE mode to trigger (or start) acquisitions from an external source.
COM (as single input)
Used for safety grounding when the Capacitive Secondary Pickup is connected to the ignition system.
WARNING
T O AVOID ELE CTRICAL SHOCK, CO NNECT THE C OM INPUT OF THE
INSTRUMENT TO VEHICLE GROUND BEFORE CLAMPING THE CAPACITIVE
SECONDARY PICKUP(SUPPLIED) ON THE IGNITION WIRES.
THIS GROUND CONNECTION IS REQUIRED IN ADDITION TO THE NORMAL
MEASUREMENT GROUND CONNECTIONS.
For other tests, the COM input should not be connected to engine ground when the probes have their own ground
connection at the probe end. See the GROUNDING GUIDELINES.
4.5 GROUNDING GUIDELINES
Incorrect grounding can cause various problems:
1. A ground loop can be created when you use two ground leads connected to different ground potentials. This can
cause excessive current through the grounding leads.
2. Excessive noise shown on the measured signal.
4-8
(Incorrect Grounding)
Grou nd Lo op by Double Grounding on
Different Grounds
(Incorrect Grounding)
Noise Pickup on Unshielded Ground Lead
(Correct Grounding)
Shield of Test Lead Connected to Ground
INPUT A
INPUT A
COM
INPUT A
COM
(Incorrect Grounding)
Short Cir cuit by Grounding on Dif feren t
Potentials
(Correct Grounding)
Grounding at One Point
INPUT A
INPUT A
INPUT B
INPUT B
MAIN MENU
SELECTED VEHICLE
( Y e a r , M a k e , L i n e , W D , E n g i n e , e t c . )
CHANGE VEHICLE
COMPONENT TESTS
SCOPE
GRAPHING MULTIMETER
VEHICLE DATA
INSTRUMENT SETUP
BACK SELECT
4-11
CHANGE VEHICLE
Makes you be able to obtain the pin numbers and wire colors for both PCM and the other component connector from
HELP ( ) on the selected vehicle you want to test.
COMPONENT TESTS
Leads to a series of predefined setups to test most common sensors and circuits.
SCOPE
Use Single Input Scope mode if you want to measure a single signal, INPUT B is turned off. Use Dual Input Scope
mode if you want to simultaneously measure two waveforms - one on INPUT A and the other on INPUT B.
GRAPHING MULTIMETER
INPUT A is used for all GMM(Graphing Multimeter) tests. The probes and test leads to be used depend upon the
type of test performed.
VEHICLE DATA
Set the vehicle data to match the vehicle under test. If they do not match, you could get incorrect test results and
may not be able to select all available tests for this vehicle. This menu appears at power-on as the start-up display
due to its importance.
INSTRUMENT SETUP
Use this menu option to set the following:
• Optimal settings for display.
• Filter function enabled and disabled.
• Auto-Power-Off enabled and disabled and adjusting the Auto-Power-Off time.
• Language for menus and HELP text.
• Scope Calibration when using the scope in abnormal operating environments.
Menu Overview
Figure 6. shows an overview of available test functions, displays and setups from the MENU key. The MAIN MENU
choices represent categories of applications that are listed in sub-menus as shown in the following figure.
4-10
MAIN MENU
CHANGE VEHICLE
COMPONENT TESTS
SCOPE
GRAPHING MULTIMETER
VEHICLE DATA
INSTRUMENT SETUP
VEHICLE DATA MENU
CYLINDERS
: 4
CYCLES : 4
BATTERY : 12 V
IGNITION : CONV
IGNITION MENU
CONV (default)
DIS
DIESEL
SENSOR TESTS MENU
ABS Sensor (Mag)
O2S Sensor (Zirc)
Dual O2Sensor
ECT Sensor
Fuel Temp Sensor
IAT Sensor
Knock Sensor
TPS Sensor
CKP Magnetic
CKP Hall
CKP Optical
CMP Magnetic
CMP Hall
CMP Optical
VSS Magnetic
VSS Optical
MAP Analog
MAP Digital
MAF Analog
MAF Digi Slow
MAF Digi Fast
MAF Karman-Vrtx
EGR (DPFE)
ACTUATOR TESTS MENU
Injector PFI/MFI
Injector TBI
Injector PNP
Injector Bosch
Mixture Cntl Sol
EGR Cntl Sol
IAC Motor
IAC Solenoid
Trans Shift Sol
Turbo Boost Sol
Diesel Glow Plug
ELECTRICAL TESTS MENU
Power Circuit
V Ref Circuit
Ground Circuit
Alternator Output
Alternator Field VR
Alternator Diode
Audio System
DC Switch Circuits
IGNITION TESTS MENU
PIP/ SPOUT
DI Primary
DI Secondary
DIS Primary
DIS Secondary
DIESEL MENU
DIESEL INJECTOR
ADVANCE
COMPONENT TESTS MENU
SENSORS
ACTUATORS
ELECTRICAL
IGNITION
(or DIESEL)
GRAPHING MULTIMETER MENU
VOLT DC, AC
OHM/DIODE/CONTINUITY
RPM
FREQUENCY
DUTY CYCLE
PULSE WIDTH
DWELL
IGNITION PEAK VOLTS
IGNITION BURN VOLTS
IGNITION BURN TIME
INJECTOR PEAK VOLTS
INJECTOR ON TIME
AMP DC, AC
TEMPERATURE C F
LIVE
Figure 6. Automotive Test Functions & Setups Overview
MENU ( )
DISPLAY OPTIONS MENU
USER LAST SETUP : OFF
CONTRAST : 4
GRATICULE : ON
HORIZ TRIG POS : 10 %
ACQUIRE MODE : PEAK DETECT
AUTO POWER OFF MENU
AUTO POWER OFF : ON
AUTO POWER OFF TIME : 30 min
INSTRUMENT SETUP MEN U
DISPLAY OPTIONS
FILTER
AUTO POWER OFF
LANGUAGE
SCOPE CALIBRATION
FILTER MENU
INPUT A : OFF
INPUT B : OFF
LANGUAGE MENU
LANGUAGE : ENGLISH
CONTINUTY
OHM
OPEN
CLOSE
IGNITION DI SECONDARY
VEHICLE WFM CYLINDER
BACK RUN
DATA ERASE PARADE
Function Key Labels
Function keys
Figure 8. Function Key Labels for SECONDARY IGNITION
Figure 8. Single and Dual Input scope in COMPONENT TESTS
BACK SELECT
HELP MENU
PIN # / WIRE COLOR
TEST PROCEDURE
REFERENCE WAVEFORM
THEORY OF OPERATION
TROUBLESHOOTING TIPS
FUNCTION INFORMATION
HELP ( )
DI Primary
Page 1 of 2
Function Info
VEHICLE
CYLINDER
FAST
KEYS
DATA
UPDATE
Giv es a list of options to define
the type of vehicle under test.
S INGLE -di spl ays the i gniti on
pattern of one single cylinder.
P ARAD E-disp lays the ign itio n
patt ern of all cyl inde rs in firin g
order.
PAGE
BACK
DOWN
VEHICLE
DATA
DI Primary
Page 2 of 2
Function Info
VEHICLE
CYLINDER
FAST
KEYS
DATA
UPDATE
Turns all readings off to make the
mea surem ent f aste r an d m ore
reliable.
You can adjust trigger level for a
stable disp lay by u sing the fou r
way arrow keys.
PAGE
BACK
UP
SINGLE TRIG LVL
FAST
UPDATE
CYLINDER
SINGLE
PARADE
SINGLE TRIG LVL
KEYS
TRIG LVL
Figure 7. Information About the Function keys
4-13
Getting Reference Information for the Selected Test
Reference information is available at any time by pressing the HELP key.
Press when finished viewing each area under the HELP menu.
Getting Information About the Function Keys During a Running Test
HELP ( ) When you press this key during a running test, you get information about the function keys that can
be used for the test.
For example,
4-12
CYLINDER
PARADE
SINGLE
Screen Displays
Use Dual Input Scope mode if you want to simultaneously measure two waveforms - one on INPUT A and the other
on INPUT B.
Use SINGLE INPUT SCOPE mode if you want to measure a single signal, INPUT B is turned off.
Use DUAL INPUT SCOPE mode if you want to simultaneously measure two signals.
Using the Function keys
For e ach test, one or more Function Key L abels are displayed, d ependin g on the sub-selections possible. The
Labels indicate what the keys do when you press them. (See the following example.)
Pressing a function key that has no label has no effect.
The same Function Key Label can appear in several tests and it performs a similar function.
Examples of Function Key Labels
Two separate functions can be allowed to the same function key.
You can use the function key to toggle between the functions.
When you press , you can select between PARADE and SINGLE cylinder test.
When you press , OHM becomes the active function. When
you press , Diode ( ) becomes the active function. When
you press , OPEN CONTINUITY becomes the active function.
Pressing , CLOSE CONTINUITY becomes the active function.
4.7 SCOPE MODE
SCOP
E mode provides a display of signal patterns from
either CH A or CH B over times ranging from 1 µs to 50
seconds per division, and for voltage ranges from 50 mV
to 300 V full scale.
The display may be trigg ered at all time settings, and
trigger slope and level may be adjusted as needed. The
scope display is defaulted in Glitch Detect mode to display
even the narrowest glitches.
The SINGL E INPUT SCOPE mode (C ompone nt Tests
onl y) pr ovi des f or t he di splay o f up to fo ur m et er
measurements above the waveform viewing area.
Indicate meter measurement function.
Indicate HOLD function enabled.
Backlit indicator.
Low battery indicator.
Indicate SCOPE mode.
Indicate AUTORANGING mode.
Indicate FILTER function enabled.
Indicate time base per division.
Indicate trigger level voltage.
Blank if DC, ~ if AC.
Indicate trigger slope (rising or falling).
Indicate AUTO triggered.
Indicate voltage per division and coupling.
Blank if DC, ~ if AC, if GND.
Indicate signal source channel.
Indicate INPUT A zero level.
Indicate trigger location.
4-15
The KEYS icon indicates that you can use the Four Way arrow keys to change Volt & Time
ranges, to move the waveform position, and to adjust the trigger level for either INPUT A or INPUT B.
A
nd also you can use the Four Way arrow keys to adjust the sensitivity level in the COMPONENT
TEST (IGNITION mode).
Press to toggle among RANGE A , MOVE A , TRIG LVL , and SENS LVL for INPUT A,
or among RANGE B , MOVE B , and TRIG LVL for INPUT B.
The icon indicates that you can use the Four Way arrow keys to move CURSOR 1 (if CURSOR 1
is highlighted) or move CURSOR 2 (if CURSOR 2 is highlighted). Press the function key to toggle
between CURSOR 1 and CURSOR 2.
This Label is displayed for SINGLE DISPLAY tests, for example the knock sensor test. To repeat the
test, press the function key, then perform the required action. The knock sensor test is a single shot
measurement, which means that the signal from the knock sensor is displayed only once. To get a new
test result, you have to press the key and then tap the engine block or the sensor again. You may
have to readjust the vertical RANGE to get an optimal waveform.
To change to the opposite polarity. Puts the waveform display upside down.
This Label is displayed in the Scope test mode of the COMPONENT TESTS only.
To change from Scope test mode to GMM test mode, press the function key.
This Label is displayed in the GMM test mode of the COMPONENT TESTS only.
To change from GMM test mode to Scope test mode, press the function key.
This Label is displayed in the Scope test of the COMPONENT TESTS only.
To capture, display, and optionally save abnormal signal patterns when they occur, press the function
key.
4-14
REPEAT
TEST
GMM
MODE
SCOPE
MODE
GLITCH
SNARE
KEYS
CURSOR 1
CURSOR 2
KEYS
RANGE A
MOVE A
TRIG LVL
SENS LVL
Figure 9. Scope Mode Indicators
INVERT
OFF
ON
5.1 INSTRUMENT TEST MODES
From the MAIN MENU, you can choose 3 independent instrument test modes:
• COMPONENT TESTS
• SCOPE
• GRAPHING MULTIMETER
The fastest way to set up the instrument to test most devices and circuits is to choose from one of the built in
COMPONE NT TESTS. These tests preset the instrume nt to eit her Single or Dual Input S cope mode. M ost
instrument settings may be adjusted manually once you have chosen a Component Test, enabling you to fine tune
settings to get a better look at the sig nal. Changes you make to settings sp ecific to a Component Test are
temporary, and are restored to their preset values each time another test is chosen. When configured for a specific
Component Test, the instrument displays the reference waveform and data as well as the name of the test on the
bottom display along with the Function Key Labels specific to the test chosen.
If you prefer total control over your instrument configuration, choose SCOPE test mode from the MAIN MENU.
Settings for SCOPE are separately preserved and restored each time you choose SCOPE from the MAIN MENU.
These settings are no t a ffected when you choose a Component Test. This is also true f or t he GRAPHI NG
MULTIMETER test mode, so in effect they are “custom” setups.
5.2 SCOPE DISPLAYS
Using Single and Dual Input Scope Mode
The instrument can be configured to show scope displays for either CH A or CH B signals: In DUAL INPUT SCOPE
mode, both CH A and CH B may be displayed at the same time.
Use SINGLE INPUT SCOPE mode if you want to measure a single signal, INPUT B is turned off.
Use DUAL INPUT SCOPE mode if you want to simultaneously measure two signals.
MEMU ( )
5-1
5. INSTRUMENT OPERATION
SCOPE
4.8 GMM (GRAPHING MULTIMETER) MODE
GMM mode plots the results of signal measurements such
as fr equency as t he values change with time. The time
range in GMM mode may be set manually from 5 seconds
to 24 hours per display.
Ranges for the vertical scale may also be set manually,
and the available range depends upon the measurement
being displayed.
Where possible, measurements plotted in GMM mode are
performed on a cycle-by-cycle basis, resulting in extremely
fast response.
This mode is very suitable to find faults in slowly changing
processes.
Indicate meter measurement functions.
NOW: Most recent meter reading.
MAX: Maximum value since last reset.
MIN: Minimum value since last reset.
Indicate HOLD function enabled.
Low battery indicator.
Indicate GMM mode.
Indicate AUTORANGING mode. Pressing AUTO ( ) sets automatic ranging on. Using the Four Way arrow
keys for ranging turns automatic ranging off and extinguishes AUTO.
Indicate voltage per division.
Indicate time per display.
Indicate signal source channel.
4-16
Figure 10. GMM Mode Indicators
SCOPE displays are defaulted in “Glitch Detection” mode. This means that all signals are sampled at the full sample
rate of the instrument and the minimum and maximum excursions are always sh own on the display, even if the
horizontal time setting is too slow to show each individual sample interval. In this mode, every noise spike of 40 ns
and wider will be displayed.
INPUT A Control Functions
When you are in SCOPE, you can control the INPUT A functions as follows:
DC Coupling allows you to measure and display both the DC and AC components of a signal. AC Coupling blocks
the DC component and passes the AC component only. GND grounds the input of the instrument internally.
INPUT B Control Functions
When you are in SCOPE, you can control the INPUT B functions as follows:
When you entered SINGLE DISPLAY, INPUT B is turned off by default, but you can turn it on by pressing F2.
5-3
Function keys and Result Screen
Automatic ranging and signal tracking is on.
Pressing AUTO ( ) sets automatic ranging and signal tracking on and off.
If on, AUTO is displayed, if off, AUTO is disappeared.
Trigger level voltage of INPUT A.
Time base range.
Trigger icon. Indicates trigger slope ( indicated negative slope).
Auto triggered.
INPUT A range setting.
INPUT B range setting.
Indicates signal source channel A.
INPUT A zero level.
Indicates trigger location.
Indicates signal source channel B.
INPUT B zero level.
Making an Easy Setup
When you enter the scope mode, the instrument au tomatically optimizes vertical range, time base, and trigger
settings to create a stable display. (Autoranging is default)
• When you press one of the Voltage and Time control keys, the instrument switches to manual control of range
and trigger settings.
• Press AUTO ( ) to toggle between automatic and manual control of range and trigger settings. Use this key if
you cannot get a stable display using manual control.
5-2
Figure 12. Scope Display
SCOPE
INPUT INPUT SINGLE KEYS
TRIGGER
A B SHOT MOVE A
Press t o return to the
previous menu.
Press to select DC, AC or GROUND coupling.
Press to invert the INPUT A
signal waveform.
Press to turn INPUT B on or off.
Press to select DC, AC, or GROUND coupling.
Press to invert the INPUT B
signal waveform.
SCOPE
INPUT INPUT SINGLE KEYS
TRIGGER
A B SHOT MOVE A
SCOPE INPUT A
COUPLING
INVERT KEYS
BACK
D C OFF MOVE A
SCOPE INPUT B
DISPLAY COUPLING INVERT KEYS
BACK
OFF D C OFF MOVE B
AUTO versus NORMAL acquisitions
If you select AUTO, the instrument always performs acquisitions, i.e., it always displays the signals on the input. If
NORMAL is selected, a trigger is always needed to start an acquisition.
TRIGGER SLOPE
If you select , trigger occurs at a rising(positive) edge of the signal.
If you select , trigger occurs at a falling(negative) edge of the signal.
TRIGGER SOURCE
If you select TRIGGER SOURCE A (default), acquisitions start when the signal on INPUT A fulfills the selected
trigger conditions.
If you select TRIGGER SOURCE TRIG, the previous rule is valid for the signal on the TRIGGER input.
TRIGGER LEVEL
This function allows you to set the level that the signal must cross to trigger acquisitions.
Normally, after you enter SINGLE or DUAL INPUT SCOPE mode, the AUTO RANGE function automatically sets
and maintains an optimal trigger level as the signal changes.
Move the trigger level icon (or icon) to the desired level by using
and key s.
HORIZONTAL TRIGGER POSITION (HORIZ TRIG POS)
You can use the INSTRUMENT SETUP menu to se t the Horizon tal Trigger Position (Horiz Trig Pos) to three
different horizontal locations on the display, depending on whether you want to see conditions that led up to the
trigger event, or those following it.
•
10 % Trigger located close to left edge of display.
• 50 % Trigger located at center display.
• 90 % Trigger located close to right edge of display.
Use 10 % Trigger to show events which happen after the trigger.
Use 90 % Trigger to show events leading up to the trigger.
Noise Filter Function
There are cases where you may want to filter out noises in order to see a better signal. This can be especially true
when ignition no ise is present. The instrument provide s a noise filter for e ach input channel which reduces the
bandwidt h from its normal 5 MHz to 2 KHz. You can enable or d isable CH A Filter or CH B Filter usin g the
INSTRUMENT SETUP menu. When enabled, the FILTER indicator appears on the screen.
5-5
Single-Shot Function
Normally the scope mode automatica lly r epeats the measure ments to a cquire wave forms b y the recu rrent
acquisition mode.
SINGLE-SHOT allows you to perform single acquisition to snap events that occur only once. REPEAT TEST ( )
is used to start a next single acquisition.
Trigger Control Functions
TRIGGER is a set of conditions that determine whether and when acquisitions start. The following will determine the
trigger conditions:
• Select INPUT A or TRIGGER as the TRIGGER SOURCE input.
• Use AUTO or NORMAL acquisitions.
• Select trigger to occur on a positive or negative SLOPE of the signal.
• SET the trigger LEVEL.
If you change the trigger level, the AUTO RANGE function is turned off.
When you are in SCOPE, you can control the trigger functions as follows:
5-4
Press to repeat a single-shot acquisition.
Press to select DC or AC.
Press to select the trigger level adjustment.
Press to select the trigger source.
Press to select AUTO or
NORMAL acquisitions.
Press to select the trigger slope.
SCOPE
INPUT INPUT SINGLE KEYS
TRIGGER
A B SHOT MOVE A
SCOPE SINGLE SHOT
SINGLE REPEAT KEYS
BACK
OFF TEST MOVE A
SCOPE
INPUT INPUT SINGLE KEYS
TRIGGER
A B SHOT TRIG LVL
SCOPE TRIGGER
MODE SLOPE SOURCE COUPLING
BACK
AUTO A DC
For VOLTS CURSORS,
Reading Test Results on the SCOPE (Component Tests only) Display
Measurement results can be displayed as numeric values (referred to as readings) and w aveform. The types of
readings depend on the test taking place.
For example, during a O2S SENSOR (Zirc) test, MAXIMUM and MINIMUM values are displayed as readings and
during a DUAL O2 SENSOR test MAXIMUM and MINIMUM values of the signals from the oxygen sensor before and
after the catalytic converter are displayed as readings. During a DI SECONDARY test, SPARK VOLTAGE, RPM,
BURN TIME, and BURN VOLTAGE are displayed as readings.
The values you see on the display most often depend on the vehicle under test. Refer to the Service Manual of the
vehicle manufacturer.
In Chapter 6 “Automotive Diagnostics & Applications” you can find typical results of certain applications.
5.3 GMM DISPLAYS
The instrument performs cycle by cycle measurements of a variety of signal characteristics in Real Time and plots
them as they chang e with time as a graph. The instru ment also performs certain other measurements o n a
continuous basis, delivering the results for graphing 20 times per second. You can also plot the input signal directly
(as in SCOPE mode) by choosing LIVE.
The GMM display includes a meter reading showing the current value of the graphed parameter. This reading is an
average over many result values. In some cases, measurements are the maximum or minimum of a series of signal
values over the most recent 1 second interval.
The fo llowing table shows measuremen ts which can be plotted in GMM displays and the type of graphing and
readout.
5-7
VOLTS 1 DELTA VOLTS 2
2.4 V 7.2 V 9.8 V
VOLTS 1 DELTA VOLTS 2
A: 130 mV 520 mV 650 mV
B: 24.0 mV 74 mV 98.0 mV
Sample value at
VOLTS CUR SOR
2 posit ion on the
waveform.
Samp le v al ue at
CURSOR 2 position
on th e I NPUT B
waveform.
Volts difference between CURSOR 1
an d CURSOR 2 pos it ion on t he
INPUT B waveform.
Sa mpl e v alue at
CURSOR 1 position
o n t he I NPUT B
waveform.
Samp le v al ue at
CURSOR 2 position
on th e I NPUT A
waveform.
Volts diffe ren ce b etw een C URSO R 1 a nd
CURSOR 2 positions on the INPUT A waveform.
Samp le v al ue at
CURSOR 1 position
on th e I NPUT A
waveform.
Sa mpl e va lu e at
VOLTS CURSOR 1
p osition on t he
waveform.
Volts difference between CURSOR 1
and CURSOR 2 positions.
Cursor Key Function
A cursor is a vertical line or a horizontal line placed over the displayed waveform to measure values at certain points.
The instrument can measure signal details by using Cursors. This function is not possible for all tests.
Press CURSOR ( ) to display the Function key Menu for cursor operation.
If cursor operation is not possible for the actual measurement, the instrument beeps to alert you.
Two cursors (vertical lines) appear on the display.
The left cursor is named CURSOR 1, the right CURSOR 2.
• Press to set TIME cursor or VOLTS cursor or cursor OFF.
• Press to select the cursor you want to move (1 or 2).
• Use the Four Way arrow keys to move the cursors.
The top display shows readings related to values at the cursor positions.
For TIME cursors,
5-6
TIME 1 DELTA TIME 2
20.4 ms 48.1 ms 68.5 ms
Sample value at TIME CURSOR 2
position on the waveform(s).
Sample value at TIME CURSOR
1 position on the waveform(s).
Time difference between TIME CURSOR 1
and TIME CURSOR 2 positions.
CURSORS
CURSOR KEYS
BACK
TIME CURSOR 1
CURSOR ( )
Using Graphing Multimeter (GMM)
Making Connections
INPUT A is used for all GMM tests just except the RPM measurement. The probes and test leads to be used depend
on t he type of test performed. Wh en you select certain GMM tests, a connection help screen will guide you by
pressing HELP ( ). This tells you which probe or test lead to use and where to connect it.
Function Key Labels for Each Test
Testing Volt DC, AC
You can stop graphing by pressing HOLD key on the instrument.
5-9
MAIN MENU
SELECTED VEHICLE
CHANGE VEHICLE
COMPONENT TESTS
SCOPE
GRAPHING MULTIMETER
VEHICLE DATA
INSTRUMENT SETUP
GRAPHING MULTIMETER MENU
VOLT DC, AC
OHM / DIODE / CONTINUITY
RPM
FREQUENCY
DUTY CYCLE
PULSE WIDTH
DWELL
IGNITION PEAK VOLTS
IGNITION BURN VOLTS
IGNITION BURN TIME
INJECTOR PEAK VOLTS
INJECTOR ON TIME
AMP DC, AC
TEMPERATURE °C, °F
LIVE
Vertical and Horizontal Scaling
The vertical and horizontal ranges in GMM displays are manually adjustable by using the Four Way arrow keys.
The vertical ranges available in GMM displays vary with the measurement being graphed, and generally cover the
possible output range of the measurement.
The time ranges available for GMM displays range from 5 sec. to 24 hrs. per display.
Auto-Power-Off will no t occur during the GMM mode, but to graph for periods of 5 min and longer, operate the
instrument from external power because operating endurance on internal power is limited to about 4 hours with fresh
batteries.
5-8
Figure 13. Changing Vertical and Horizontal Ranges
Code
DC VOLT
AC VOLT
AC+DC VOLT
OHM
DIODE
CONTINUITY
RPM
FREQUENCY
DUTY CYCLE
PULSE WIDTH
DWELL
IGNITION PEAK VOLTS
IGNITION BURN VOLTS
IGNITION BURN TIME
INJECTOR PEAK VOLTS
INJECTOR ON TIME
TEMPERATURE
LIVE
Measurement
DC Average
AC Average
AC+DC Average
Ohms
Diode drop
Continuity
RPM
Frequency
Duty Cycle
Pulse Width
Dwell
Ignition Peak Volts
Ignition Burn Volts
Ignition Burn Time
Injector Peak Volts
Injector On Time
Temperature °C, °F
Live
Graphing Type
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
Cycle by Cycle
Cycle by Cycle
Cycle by Cycle
Cycle by Cycle
Cycle by Cycle
Cycle by Cycle
Cycle by Cycle
Cycle by Cycle
Cycle by Cycle
Cycle by Cycle
Continuous
Direct input samples
MENU ( )
Press to reset maximum
and minimum.
Press to start plotting a new
graph as new samples are
acquired.
Press to measure DC
voltage.
Press to measure AC
true rms voltage.
Press to measure AC+DC true rms voltage.
GMM VOLT
MAX/MIN REPEAT
DC AC AC+DC
RESET TEST
Testing Frequency, Duty Cycle, or Pulse Width
Testing Secondary Ignition Peak Volts, Burn Volts, and Burn Time
5-11
Press to test the signal
frequency in Hz.
Press to test the duty cycle of the
signal.
If you select , the duty cycle of the
negative-going pulse is displayed.
If you select , the duty cycle of the
positive-going pulse is displayed.
Press to test the pulse width of the
signal.
If you select , the width of the
negative-going pulse is displayed.
If you select , the width of the
positive-going pulse is displayed.
GRAPHING MULTIMETER
FREQUENCY
DUTY CYCLE
PULSE WIDTH
GRAPHING MULTIMETER
IGNITION PEAK VOLTS
IGNITION BURN VOLTS
IGNITION BURN TIME
Testing Resistance, Diode, and Continuity
Use this menu option to test resistance, diode forward voltage, and the continuity of wiring and connections. Connect
the test lead tip and test lead ground across the object to be tested.
OFL is displayed when the resistance is outside the instrument’s maximum range. This occurs when the resistance
of the sensor is too high or the connection to the sensor is interrupted or open.
To test a diode, the instrument sends a small current through the diode to test the voltage across it. Depending on
the type of diode, this voltage should be in the range from 300 to 600 mV. A diode that has an internal short will
display about 0 V. OFL
is displayed when the diode is defective or when it is connected in reverse. If you are not
certain about the polarity of the diode, try the reverse connection. If this also displays OFL, the diode is defective. A
good diode must display OFL when connected in reverse.
Measuring RPM
The instrument automatically scales and displays the waveform on the screen. Connect the Inductive Pickup to the
COM/TRIGGER input terminals and clamp the pickup probe on the spark plug wire close to the spark plug.
and keys a re used to set the number of Spark Signal P ulses to the instrument per 720 (two crank shaft
revolutions). n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, or 12
5-10
Press to test continuity of wiring and
connections.
If you select OPEN, the instrument beeps
when the tested connection is open.
If you select CLOSE, it beeps when the
tested connection is closed.
MENU ( )
MENU ( )
Press to invert the displayed ignition
waveform.
Press to measure
resistance.
Press to start plotting a new graph
as new samples are acquired.
Press to decrease.
Press to increase.
Press to restore the default value
settings stored in VEHICLE DATA.
GMM OHM
CONTINUTY
OHM
OPEN CLOSE
GMM FREQUENCY
% ms
Hz
GMM DUTY CYCLE
% ms
Hz
GMM PULSE WIDTH
% ms
Hz
GMM RPM
n DEFAULT REPEAT
1
720 SETUP TEST
RPM TRIG
Press to adjust the built-in
4 step trigger levels.
Default is Level 2.
2
GMM IGNITION PEAK VOLTS
INVERT REPEAT MAX/MIN
TEST RESET
GMM IGNITION BURN VOLTS GMM IGNITION BURN TIME
OFF
INVERT REPEAT MAX/MIN
TEST RESETOFF
INVERT REPEAT MAX/MIN
TEST RESETOFF
Press to test diodes.
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