Reactive Power Factor Controller
RS485 MODBUS-RTU
VARkombi-PC
USER MANUAL
1. Foreword
All information and warnings about 3 phase controlled reactive power controller, VARkombi-PC, are given in this User's Manual. Please
for your power network's and your own safety, read this manual carefully before commissioning the system. Please contact us for
unclear points.
KAEL Müh. Elektronik Tic. Ve San Ltd. Şti.
Atatürk mah. 78 sok. No:10 Ulucak – Keamalpaşa – İZMİR - TÜRKİYE
Tel: 0 90 232 877 14 84 (pbx)
email: info@kael.com.tr, web: www.kael.com.tr .
2. Warnings:
1- The connection, operation and parameter settings of device must be done by authorised technical service staff. Also, system checks
must be done by this person when necessary.
2- Since compensation is a complex process, subscribers are advised to keep the system tracking by contracted service staff.
3- Please do not open or do not let others open the device. There are no user serviceable parts inside.
4- Before making the connections to device's terminals, please be sure that there is no voltage across the cables or terminals. Also be
sure that the panel is de-energised.
5- Please do not use the device for purposes other then compensation.
6- Please fix the device to electric panel with apparatuses supplied.
7- Please press the buttons only by your fingers, do not press it with any other objects.
8- Before cleaning the device, please be sure that it is de-energised and use only dry tissue-paper to clean it. Water or any other
chemicals used for cleaning may harm the device.
9- Before installing the device, please be sure that the terminal connections are made exactly the same as in the connection diagram
and avoid any connection problems, such as loose connections or contact of different cables.
10- For each capacitor bank on the compensation system, please prefer contactors with suitable discharge resistors considering the
bank power.
11- Please consider total currents drawn by the inductors of contactors while choosing the common contact line, line 'C', fuse value.
When contactors with high inductor currents are chosen, for protecting the contact outputs of the device, auxiliary relay must be used.
Installation Instructions :
1. A hole with 140 mm x 140 mm must is needed on the panel for device installation
2. Remove the fixing apparatus before installing the device
3. Place the device in the prepared hole from the fromnt side.
4. Use the fixing apparatus to fix the device from the back side to the panel.
CAUTION:
Leave at least 50mm space between the back side of the device and the internal wall of the panel for the airing purpose
3. General Information
When traditional type reactive power controllers are used, specially for unbalanced 3 phase systems, compensation process gets more
complex and for some of the situations it is a nightmare. To overcome this problem, experience, knowledge and scientific background
are put together with the help of high technology and VARkombi-PC, 3 phase evaluative reactive power controller, is developed by
KAEL Elektronik.
The most important properties of VARkombi-PC that make it different from traditional type controllers are;
1- Measuring current and voltage samples from all 3 phases, calculating active and reactive powers and storing consumed energies,
2- Instead of reaching to target tanΦ value, compensating the system as much as close to real axis between the capacitive and
inductive bound values. (Bound values can be changed by the user when desired),
3- Automatic C/k calculation,
4- Automatic learning and monitoring of capacitor bank powers (capacitor bank powers can be set by the user when desired. Device
also detects any false setting and corrects it by its own as it operates),
5- Dynamically adjusting of normal region boundaries and capacitor switching on&off times with respect to consumed reactive/active
percentage,
6- Extending capacitor bank power life by storing switching on&off times separately for each bank,
7- Automatic learning of current transformer polarities even if (k,l) is connected in reverse direction,
8- Calculating current reactive power value and directly switching on or off the most suitable group instead of sequential switching,
9- Making system tracking and fault detection easier with many hand alarms,
50 mm
140 mm
140 mm
Panel Hole Dimensions
Wall
1
VARkombi-PC
3.1 Operating Principles
When the device is energised, it checks first the voltage values. Then, it detects current transformer polarities even if connected in
reverse direction. The direction of system's reactive power is calculated through resultant reactive power and resultant power factor.
Compensation starts for pulling the system into 'normal region'. Device measures active, inductive (+Q) and capacitive (-Q) powers for
each phase and stores the consumed energies. After mathematical calculations, inductive and capacitive percentage values of the
system are calculated continuously and the system is kept under control.
Capacitor switching on&off times are calculated separately for each bank. When necessary, the appropriate bank is directly switched if
its time is up. Since the Switching Time Values and Normal Region Boundaries are related to consumed energies, they change
between the max and min values proportional to percentage energies. During the operation, every capacitor bank's power is calculated
when it is switched. Therefore, any change of the capacitor bank's power is detected and stored. Instead of sequential switching of
capacitors, the most suitable bank is directly switched. VARkombi-PC contains 8 alarms from AL01 to AL09 and 1 alarm relay output to
warn and inform the user. Alarms are; over voltage, under voltage, over current, over compensation, under compensation, system fault,
phase failure and over temperature. If desired, as much as alarms can disabled by the user. Device also measures the panel
temperature and energises the fan relay when temperature exceeds adjusted fan relay limit (adjusted separately from temperature
alarm).
MOD 0 :
This is the manual mode. In this mode, device does not switch the banks by its own. It is accessed by pressing down the set button 3
seconds in Main Menu. In this mode, both mode leds are off, 'E l' text and current display value are continuously interchanged. By
pressing down the up button, capacitors are sequentially switched on and by the down button switched off. During the process, the last
parameter accessed in the main menu is displayed on the display. By pressing down the set button, system returns to main menu. This
mode is used only for testing the system.
MOD 1 :
When the device is energised for the first time, it start in Mode 1. Since it knows none of the capacitor bank powers, Normal Region is
dynamically calculated through penalty boundaries, consumed inductive and capacitive energies. Capacitor switching is done as 'firstin-first-out'. Device tries to calculate each bank's power after every switching.
MOD 2 :
If the device has learned all the capacitor banks' powers, it operates in Mode 2. Learning process can be done fully automatically by
the device or it can be done by the user by setting Atrf (Current transformer ratio) and C-01, C-02 ... C-12 parameters under Advanced
Menu-Cset, just for gaining time. Normal Region is dynamically calculated through penalty boundaries, consumed inductive and
capacitive energies.
Since in this mode device has all necessary information for compensation. Thus, in this mode, switching logic completely changes in a
manner to find appropriate bank to keep the system in normal region and response time to changes in load dramatically decreases.
This algorithm gives VARkombi-PC the ability of keeping system as close as possible to real axis and adapting itself very fast to load
characteristics. Once the device has advanced to Mode 2, it will operate in this mode even if it is de-energised and energised again in
the future.
(Tan Φ set)
3.2 Measuring Parameters
VARkombi-PC gives user the ability of monitoring the following parameters;
cosΦ and tanΦ of Phase R
cosΦ and tanΦ of Phase S
cosΦ and tanΦ of Phase T
CosΦ and tanΦ that is calculated from vectorial sum 3 phase power values,
Instantaneous percentage value of system (reactive power / active power) respect to vectorial sum of 3 phases
Current values of phases R,S,T
Voltage values of phases R,S,T
Power of each capacitor bank (in case of correctly setting of current transformer ratio)
Panel temperature(°C)
Cap.
Ind.
Dynamically changing
normal region
2
VARkombi-PC
4.FRONT PANEL (Display and LED Functions)
1. Normal LED :Indicates that compensation is in normal region.
2. Alarm LED :If there is any alarm, the LED is on. When the alarm situation disappears, LED is turned off.
3. Mod LEDs : Indicates the operating mode of the device;
Mod 0: Manual operating mode.
Mod 1: Traditional operating mode.
Mod 2: C/k calculation respect to 1st banks power.
Mod 3: Fully automatic operating mode.
4. Fan Is On : When inner panel temperature exceeds set value, fan relay energizes and Fan On LED is turned on.
5. ALARM :In the presence of any alarm, alarm relay is energized for 1 minute, Alarm Output LED and Alarm LED
are turned on together. After 1 minute, relay is de-energized, Alarm Output LED is turned on.
On the other hand, Alarm LED stays on till the problem disappears.
6.Capacitor Bank LEDs : It shows the switched on capacitor banks.
7. CosΦ Leds : Desired values to watch can be accessed in the Main Menu using the direction buttons. In default case, it
displays Resultant Power Factor of 3 phase system. When any other value is chosen, if non of buttons is pressed for 1 minute, device
returns to default state.
:ΣcosΦ ,ΣtanΦ of 3 phase system
: CosΦR , TanΦR of phase R
: CosΦS , TanΦS of phase S
: CosΦT , TanΦT of phase T
: instantaneous reactive power/active power percentage of 3 phase system.
8. Set Button : It is used to access to User Menu and Advanced Menu. Also it gives the permission of parameter changes in the
menus. Short pressing (less than 1s) brings to User Menu. At power up time, long time press (at least 3s),
devices is brought to advanced menu.
9. Direction Buttons : In the Main Menu, desired parameters can be accessed using these buttons. In other menus, used to
browse menus and changing parameter values in setting screen.
1.Normal
LED
2.Alarm
LED
3.Mod
LEDs
4.Fan is on
5. ALARM
6. Capacitor
Bank LEDs
7. CosΦ
LEDs
8. SET
button
9. Direction
buttons
3
VARkombi-PC
VARkombi-PC
5. MENUS and BUTTON FUNCTIONS
Accessing to menus of VARkombi-PC using the buttons is very easy. Using the direction buttons, menus can be browsed in two
directions. When you reach the end of the menu, you continue to circular movement. When hold down the directions key, travel speed
is increased and you can access to desired location faster. You can enter to desired menu level by pressing down the Set button. Also
in the parameter adjustment menus, you can change the values by direction buttons, keep circular movement when you reach to limit
values and can store the desired value by pressing down the Set button. In the User Menu, when no button is pressed for 1 minute,
device goes back to Main Menu. In Advanced Menu, when no button is pressed for 4 minutes, devices resets itself
It is the default menu stage that is active during device operation. Every time the device is energized, it starts
to operation by showing the resultant power factor. Power factors of each phase and instantaneous reactive
power/active power % of the system can also be monitored separately using the direction buttons. When any
of the parameters is being monitored, if non of the buttons is not pressed for 1 minute, device returns to
default state, resultant power factor display. The position of monitored value can be tracked from the Status
LEDs. When the displayed value has no sign, this means the value is Inductive and when it is negative, '-',
signed, this means value is capacitive. Movement in Main Menu using the direction buttons is described on
left.
5.1 Main Menu
5.2 User Menu
To access the User Menu, press down the Set button for a short time in Main Menu.
Direction Buttons are used to move in the menu in desired direction. To enter any submenu, use the Set Button. To change any parameter value while the name and the value
is flashing on the screen, press the Set button. Adjust the value using the direction
buttons and press again the Set button to store the value. To quit from sub-menus and
User Menu, advance to 'quit' section at the end of the menu and press Set button on it.
In User Menu, alarms (if exists any at that time), voltage and current values of each
phase, capacitor bank powers and panel temperature are tracked. Also some set
parameters can also be accessed under this menu. The contents of sub-menus and
accessing them is described below.
Alarm Menu
►AL - - : This menu is displayed only when at least one
alarm is present, otherwise it is disabled. The alarm
codes of present alarms are monitored under this menu.
It is accessed by pressing the Set button. Alarm codes
can be monitored using the direction buttons, if are there
any other. It can be quited from the menu by pressing the
Set button on 'quit' section. When all alarm conditions
are disappeared, device automatically quits this
menu. Alarm codes and detailed information can be
found in ALARMS section.
Main Menu
Alarm Menu
Capacitor Bank
Menu
Main Menu
SET Menu
Σcos Φ : The resultant power factor value of 3 phase system. It is the most important parameter to be watched for tracking the compensation of system.
Σtan Φ : reactive power / active power % of 3 phase system.
Cos ΦR : Power Factor of phase R
Tan ΦR : reactive power / active power % of phase R
Cos ΦS : Power Factor of phase S
Tan ΦS : reactive power / active power % of phase S
Cos ΦT : Power Factor of phase T
Tan ΦT : reactive power / active power % of phase T
4
o L c
Voltage, Current,
active ,reactive and
apparent powers
Menu
VARkombi-PC
5
Voltage, Current Menu
►U-I : Phase-neutral voltages and currents of
each phase can monitored here. This section is
access by pressing the Set button. Direction
buttons are used to advance in desired direction.
Phase R voltage, Phase S voltage, Phase T
voltage and Phase R current, Phase S current,
Phase T current are monitored sequentially.
When Set button is pressed at the 'quit' section,
one level up menu is accessed.
To monitor current values correctly, current
transformer ratio must be set in the Advanced
Menu.
Measurement menu
►oLC
Voltage, Current, active ,reactive and apparent powers Menu
V
V
V
A
A
A
Active , Reactive and Apparent Power Menu
►PqS : Active,reactive and apparent powers of
each phase can monitored here. This section is
access by pressing the Set button. Direction
buttons are used to advance in desired direction.
When Set button is pressed at the 'quit' section,
one level up menu is accessed.
To monitor power values correctly, current
transformer ratio must be set in the Advanced
Menu.
KW
KW
KW
KVAR
KVAR
KVAR
KVA
KVA
KVA
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