JVC GR-D775US User Manual

YF17320071SERVICE MANUALBaby MoviE
SERVICE MANUAL
DIGITAL VIDEO CAMERA
GR-D750UC, GR-D750US, GR-D770UC, GR-D770US,
GR-D771US, GR-D775US,
GR-D750UCM,GR-D750USM [M7D1S3] GR-D770UCM,GR-D770USM GR-D771USM,GR-D775USM GR-D790USM,GR-D796USM [M7D1S5]
COPYRIGHT© 2007 Victor Company of Japan, Limited
For disassembling and assembling of MECHANISM ASSEMBLY, refer to the SERVICE MANUAL No.YF081(MECHANISM ASSEMBLY). Lead free solder used in the board (material : Sn-Ag-Cu, melting point : 219 Centigrade)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 PRECAUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
2 SPECIFIC SERVICE INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
3 DISASSEMBLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
4 ADJUSTMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
5 TROUBLE SHOOTING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21
COPYRIGHT© 2007 Victor Company of Japan, Limited
No.YF173
2007/1
SPECIFICATION
Camcorder
For General Power supply DC 11 V (Using AC Adapter)
DC 7.2 V (Using battery pack)
Power consumption Approx. 2.2 W (2.3 W*) (LCD monitor off, viewfinder on)
Approx. 2.7 W (2.8 W*) (LCD monitor on, viewfinder off) Approx. 7.5 W (Maximum; when charging the battery pack) * Using LED Light
Dimensions (W × H × D) 61 mm × 94 mm × 114 mm(2-3/8" × 3-11/16" × 4-1/2")
(with the LCD monitor closed and the viewfinder pushed back in)
Weight Approx. 410 g (0.90 lbs) (without battery, cassette and lens cap)
Approx. 480 g (1.06 lbs) (incl. battery, cassette and lens cap)
Operating temperature 0°C to 40°C (32°F to 104°F)
Operating humidity 35% to 80%
Storage temperature -20°C to 50°C (-4°F to 122°F)
Pickup 1/6" CCD Lens F 2.0, f = 2.3 mm to 78.2 mm, 34:1 power zoom lens Filter diameter Ø27 mm LCD monitor 2.7" diagonally measured, LCD panel/TFT active matrix system Viewfinder Electronic viewfinder with 0.16" color LCD Speaker Monaural LED Light Effective distance: 1.5 m (5 ft)
For Digital Video Camera
For Digital Still Camera
For Connectors AV Video output 1.0 V (p-p), 75, analog
Format DV forma t (SD mode) Signal format NTSC standard Recording/Playback
format
Cassette Mini DV cassette Tape speed SP: 18.8 mm/s, LP: 12.5 mm/s Maximum recording time
(using 80 min. cassette) Storage media SD Memory Card/MultiMediaCard Compression system JPEG (compatible)
File size Still image : 640 × 480 pixels
Picture quality 2 modes (FINE/STANDARD)
DV Input/output 4-pin, IEEE 1394 compliant USB Mini USB-B type, USB 1.1 compliant
Video Digital component recording Audio PCM digital recording, 32 kHz 4-channel (12-BIT), 48 kHz 2-channel (16-BIT)
SP: 80 min., LP: 120 min.
Audio output 300 mV (rms), 1 k, analog, stereo
AC Adapter
Power requirement AC 110 V to 240 V, 50 Hz/60 Hz Output DC 11 V, 1 A
Specifications shown are for SP mode unless otherwise indicated. E & O.E. Design and specifications subject to change without notice.
1-2 (No.YF173)
SECTION 1
r
PRECAUTIONS

1.1 SAFTY PRECAUTIONS

Prior to shipment from the factory, JVC products are strictly inspected to conform with the recognized product safety and electrical codes of the countries in which they are to be sold.However,in order to maintain such compliance, it is equally important to implement the following precautions when a set is being serviced.
1.1.1 Precautions during Servicing
(1) Locations requiring special caution are denoted by labels
and inscriptions on the cabinet, chassis and certain parts of the product.When performing service, be sure to read and comply with these and other cautionary notices appearing in the operation and service manuals.
(2) Parts identified by the symbol and shaded ( ) parts
are critical for safety. Replace only with specified part numbers.
NOTE :
Parts in this category also include those specified to comply with X-ray emission standards for products using cathode ray tubes and those specified for compliance with various regulations regarding spurious radiation emission.
(3) Fuse replacement caution notice.
Caution for continued protection against fire hazard. Replace only with same type and rated fuse(s) as specified.
(4) Use specified internal wiring. Note especially:
• Wires covered with PVC tubing
• Double insulated wires
• High voltage leads
(5) Use specified insulating materials for hazardous live parts.
Note especially:
• Insulation Tape
• PVC tubing
•Spacers
• Insulation sheets for transistors
•Barrier
(6) When replacing AC primary side components (transformers,
power cords, noise blocking capacitors, etc.) wrap ends of wires securely about the terminals before soldering.
emission. Consequently, when servicing these products, replace the cathode ray tubes and other parts with only the specified parts. Under no circumstances attempt to modify these circuits.Unauthorized modification can increase the high voltage value and cause X-ray emission from the cathode ray tube.
(12) Crimp type wire connectorIn such cases as when replacing
the power transformer in sets where the connections between the power cord and power trans former primary lead wires are performed using crimp type connectors, if replacing the connectors is unavoidable, in order to prevent safety hazards, perform carefully and precisely according to the following steps.
Connector part number :E03830-001
Required tool : Connector crimping tool of the proper type which will not damage insulated parts.
Replacement procedure
a) Remove the old connector by cutting the wires at a
point close to the connector.Important : Do not reuse a connector (discard it).
cut close to connector
Fig.1-1-3
b) Strip about 15 mm of the insulation from the ends
of the wires. If the wires are stranded, twist the strands to avoid frayed conductors.
15 mm
Fig.1-1-4
c) Align the lengths of the wires to be connected.
Insert the wires fully into the connector.
Metal sleeve
Fig.1-1-1
(7) Observe that wires do not contact heat producing parts
(heatsinks, oxide metal film resistors, fusible resistors, etc.)
(8) Check that replaced wires do not contact sharp edged or
pointed parts.
(9) When a power cord has been replaced, check that 10-15
kg of force in any direction will not loosen it.
Power cord
Fig.1-1-2 (10) Also check areas surrounding repaired locations. (11) Products using cathode ray tubes (CRTs)In regard to such
products, the cathode ray tubes themselves, the high voltage circuits, and related circuits are specified for compliance with recognized codes pertaining to X-ray
Connector
Fig.1-1-5
d) As shown in Fig.1-1-6, use the crimping tool to crimp
the metal sleeve at the center position. Be sure to crimp fully to the complete closure of the tool.
1.2 5
2.0
5.5
Crimping tool
Fig.1-1-6
e) Check the four points noted in Fig.1-1-7.
Not easily pulled free
Wire insulation recessed
more than 4 mm
Crimped at approx. cente
of metal sleeve
Conductors extended
Fig.1-1-7
(No.YF173)1-3
1.1.2 Safety Check after Servicing
Examine the area surrounding the repaired location for damage or deterioration. Observe that screws, parts and wires have been returned to original positions, Afterwards, perform the following tests and confirm the specified values in order to verify compliance with safety standards.
(1) Insulation resistance test
Confirm the specified insulation resistance or greater between power cord plug prongs and externally exposed parts of the set (RF terminals, antenna terminals, video and audio input and output terminals, microphone jacks, earphone jacks, etc.).See table 1 below.
(2) Dielectric strength test
Confirm specified dielectric strength or greater between power cord plug prongs and exposed accessible parts of the set (RF terminals, antenna terminals, video and audio input and output terminals, microphone jacks, earphone jacks, etc.). See Fig.1-1-11 below.
(3) Clearance distance
When replacing primary circuit components, confirm specified clearance distance (d), (d') between soldered terminals, and between terminals and surrounding metallic parts. See Fig.1-1-11 below.
d
d'
Chassis
Power cord primary wire
Fig.1-1-8
(4) Leakage current test
Confirm specified or lower leakage current between earth ground/power cord plug prongs and externally exposed accessible parts (RF terminals, antenna terminals, video and audio input and output terminals, microphone jacks, earphone jacks, etc.). Measuring Method : (Power ON)Insert load Z between earth ground/power cord plug prongs and externally exposed accessible parts. Use an AC voltmeter to measure across both terminals of load Z. See Fig.1-1-9 and following Fig.1-1-12.
ab
Externally exposed accessible part
Z
V
c
A
Fig.1-1-9
(5) Grounding (Class 1 model only)
Confirm specified or lower grounding impedance between earth pin in AC inlet and externally exposed accessible parts (Video in, Video out, Audio in, Audio out or Fixing screw etc.).Measuring Method: Connect milli ohm meter between earth pin in AC inlet and exposed accessible parts. See Fig.1-1-10 and grounding specifications.
AC inlet
Earth pin
Exposed accessible part
MIlli ohm meter
Grounding Specifications
Region
USA & Canada
Europe & Australia
Grounding Impedance (Z
Z 0.1 ohm
Z 0.5 ohm
)
Fig.1-1-10
AC Line Voltage
100 V
100 to 240 V
110 to 130 V
110 to 130 V
200 to 240 V
Region
Japan
USA & Canada
Europe & Australia
Insulation Resistance (R
R 1 M /500 V DC
1 M R 12 M /500 V DC
R 10 M /500 V DC
)
Dielectric Strength
AC 1 kV 1 minute
AC 1.5 kV 1 minute
AC 1 kV 1 minute AC 3 kV 1 minute
AC 1.5 kV 1 minute
(
Class
(
Class
Clearance Distance (d), (d'
d, d' 3 mm
d, d' 4 mm
d, d' 3.2 mm
d 4 m m
)
d' 8 m m (Power cord d' 6 m m (Primary wire
)
Fig.1-1-11
AC Line Voltage
100 V
110 to 130 V
110 to 130 V
220 to 240 V
Region
Japan
USA & Canada
Europe & Australia
Load Z
1
0.15
1.5
2
50
Leakage Current (i)
i 1 mA rms
i 0.5 mA rms
i 0.7 mA peak i 2 mA dc
i 0.7 mA peak i 2 mA dc
a, b, c
Exposed accessible parts
Exposed accessible parts
Antenna earth terminals
Other terminals
Fig.1-1-12
NOTE :
These tables are unofficial and for reference only. Be sure to confirm the precise values for your particular country and locality.
)
)
)
1-4 (No.YF173)
SECTION 2
SPECIFIC SERVICE INSTRUCTIONS

2.1 DIFFERENCE LIST

The following table indicate main different points between models GR-D750UC, GR-D750US, GR-D770UC, GR-D770US, GR-D771US, GR-D775US, GR-D790US and GR-D796US.
MODEL NAME GR-D750UC GR-D750US GR-D770UC
DSC
USB TERMINAL /USB CABLE
CD-ROM NO NO YES
BATTERY PACK
REMOTE CONTROL UNIT NO NO NO
MODEL NAME GR-D770US GR-D771US GR-D775US
DSC
USB TERMINAL /USB CABLE
CD-ROM YES YES YES
BATTERY PACK
REMOTE CONTROL UNIT NO NO YES(RM-V740US)
NO NO YES
NO NO YES
BN-VF808US BN-VF808US BN-VF808US
YES YES YES
YES YES YES
BN-VF808US BN-VF808US BN-VF808US
MODEL NAME GR-D790US GR-D796US
DSC
USB TERMINAL /USB CABLE
CD-ROM YES YES
BATTERY PACK
REMOTE CONTROL UNIT YES(RM-V740US) NO
YES YES
YES YES
BN-VF808US BN-VF808US(×2)
(No.YF173)1-5
SECTION 3
DISASSEMBLY

3.1 BEFORE ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY

3.1.1 Precautions
• Be sure to disconnect the power supply unit prior to mounting and soldering of parts.
• Prior to removing a component part that needs to disconnect its connector(s) and its screw(s), first disconnect the wire(s) from the connector(s), and then remove the screw(s).
• When connecting/disconnecting wires, pay enough attention not to damage the connectors.
• When inserting the flat wire to the connector, pay attention to the direction of the flat wire.
• Be careful in removing the parts to which some spacer or shield is attached for reinforcement or insulation.
• When replacing chip parts (especially IC parts), first remove the solder completely to prevent peeling of the pattern.
• Tighten screws properly during the procedures. Unless otherwise specified, tighten screws at a torque of 0.088N
·cm). However, as this is a required value at the time of
(0.9kgf
·m
production, use the value as a measuring stick when proceeding repair services. (See "SERVICE NOTE" as for tightening torque.)
3.1.2 Destination of connectors
Two kinds of double-arrows in connection tables respectively
show kinds of connector/wires.
: Wire: Flat wire : Board to board (B-B)
: The connector of the side to remove
CONN. No. PIN No.CONNECTOR
CN2a
CN2b
MAIN CN101
MAIN CN103
MONI BW CN761
MINI BW CN762
40
10
3.1.3 Disconnection of connectors (Wires)
Wire
· Pull both ends of the connector in the arrow direction, remove the lock and disconnect the flat wire.
· Pull the both ends of the board in the direction of the arrow, and remove the B-B Connector.
· Extend the locks in the direction of the arrow for unlocking and then pull out the wire. After removing the wire, immediately restore the locks to their original positions because the locks are apt to come off the connector.
B-B Connector
B-B Connector
· Pull the both ends of the board in the direction of the arrow, and remove the B-B Connector.
FPC Connector
Wire
FPC Connector
Wire
Lock
FPC Connector
· Extend the locks in the direction of the arrow for unlocking and then pull out the wire. After removing the wire, immediately restore the locks to their original positions because the locks are apt to come off the connector.
· Extend the locks in the direction of the arrow for unlocking and then pull out the wire. After removing the wire, immediately restore the locks to their original positions because the locks are apt to come off the connector.
Wire
FPC Connector
Wire
FPC Connector
Lock
Lock
Lock
B-B Connector
Fig.3-1-1
3.1.4 Tools required for disassembly and assembly
Torque driver
YTU94088
Chip IC replacement jig
PTS40844-2
Bit
YTU94088-003
Cleaning cloth
KSMM-01
Tweezers
P-895
Fig.3-1-2
Torque driver
Be sure to use to fastening the mechanism and exterior parts be­cause those parts must strictly be controlled for tightening torque.
Bit
This bit is slightly longer than those set in conventional torque drivers.
Tweezers
To be used for removing and installing parts and wires.
Chip IC replacement jig
To be used for replacement of IC.
Cleaning cloth
Recommended cleaning cloth to wipe down the video heads, mechanism (tape transport system), optical lens surface.

3.2 ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY OF MAIN PARTS

3.2.1 Assembly and disassembly
When reassembling, perform the step(s) in reverse order.
STEP
No.
[1] [2]
PART
TOP COVER ASSY UPPER ASSY (Inc. VF ASSY, SPEAKER/MONITOR)
[8]
E.VF UNIT(B/W)
(1) Order of steps in Procedure
When reassembling, preform the step(s) in the reverseorder. These numbers are also used as the identification (location) No. of parts Figures.
(2) Part to be removed or installed. (3) Fig. No. showing Procedure or Part Location. (4) Identification of part to be removed, unhooked, unlocked,
released, unplugged, unclamped or unsoldered.
S = Screw L = Lock, Release, Hook SD = Solder CN = Connector
[Example]
• 4 (S1a) = Remove 4 S1a screws.
• 3 (L1a) = Disengage 3 L1a hooks.
• 2 (SD1a) = Unsolder 2 SD1a points.
• CN1a = Remove a CN1a connector.
(5) Adjustment information for installation.
Fig. No.
4(S1a), 3(L1a),CN1a
C1
(S2a),2(S2b),3(S2c)
C2-1
2(SD1a), L2,CN2a,b 2(S8),L8,CN8a
C2-2
POINT
( 4) ( 5)( 2) ( 3)( 1)
NOTE
-
-
NOTE 8
1-6 (No.YF173)
3.2.2 ASSEMBLY/DISASSEMBLY OF CABINET PARTS AND ELECTRICAL PARTS
zDisassembly procedure
STEP
PART NAME
No.
[1]
UPPER ASSY
[2]
CASS.COVER
[3]
TOP COVER
[4]
VF ASSY
[5]
LOWER ASSY
[6]
POWER UNIT
[7]
FRONT ASSY
[8]
MIC
[9]
REAR COVER ASSY
/[10]
REAR BOARD ASSY
[10]
REAR BOARD ASSY
[11]
OP BLOCK ASSY
[12]
BKT TOP
[13]
MAIN BOARD ASSY
[14]
MECHANISSM ASSY
[15]
BUTTON UNIT
[16]
JUNCTION BOARD ASSY
[17]
COVER UPPER
[18]
MONITOR ASSY
[19]
SPEAKER
Fig. No.
FA1-1
FA1-2
FA2
FA3
FA4
FA5
FA6
FA7
-
FA8
FA9
FA10
FA11
UA1
UA2
UA3
POINT NOTE
2(S1a),2(S1b),3(S1a),(S1d),
L1a,b,c,d,e,f,g,3(L1h),L1j,CN1
2(L2a),4(S2),3(L2b)
2(S3),2(L3)
CN4a,b,S4a,S4b
COVER(JACK),CN5,2(S5a),
S5b,S5c,2(S5b),2(L5)
2(S6),2(L6a),2(L6b),L6c
S7,L7a,b,CN7
S8,PLATE(MIC)
2(S9),L9a,b,CN9
S10
CN11,2(L11)
4(S12),2(L12a),L12b
CN13a,b,c,d,e,S13,L13
L14,4(S14)
CN15,L15a,S15,L15,b,c,d,e,
CN16a,b
2(S17)
2(S18),2(L18)
5(S19),L19a,b,c,d,BKT(HINGE),
KNOB(SILDE),KNOB(EJIECT),
BKT(GROUND)
NOTE1a,b,c,d
NOTE2
NOTE4a,b
NOTE5a,b
NOTE6a,b
NOTE8
NOTE9
NOTE11a,b
NOTE14
NOTE15
NOTE16a,b,c
NOTE17
NOTE18
NOTE19a,b
NOTE1a:
When removing the screw(No.6), open the MONITOR ASSY. When removing the UPPER ASSY, close the MONITOR ASSY.
NOTE1b:
When attaching, be careful with the wiring.
• Place the FPC(BUTTON) in the FOOK properly. Place the WIRES(SPEAKER) properly between the GUIDE.
• Fold the FPC(JUNCTION) properly.
NOTE1c:
During the procedure, be careful not to damage the parts.
NOTE1d:
When attaching, fully pull up the KNOB(EJECT) to the OP BLOCK as shown in the figure.
NOTE2:
When removing, remove the two screws (No.9, 10) with the CASSETTE COVER open.
NOTE4a:
When removing, first pull out the FPC that connects the CCD BOARD ASSY and the MAIN BOARD ASSY as the FPC interferes with the procedure.
NOTE4b:
Refer to 3.2.3 DISASSEMBLY OF [4] VF ASSEMBLY for the disassembly of VF ASSY.
NOTE5a:
When removing, be careful in handling the parts. Pay spe­cial attention not to break fragile sections.
NOTE5b:
Screw No.15 is located under the COVER(JACK).
NOTE6a:
Be careful in handling the POWER UNIT as it consists of three parts, and the parts are connected by the FPC.
NOTE6b:
-
-
-
-
NOTE8:
When attaching, be careful in wiring.
NOET9:
During the procedure, be careful not to damage the EJECT SWITCH. During the procedure, leave the CASSETTE COVER closed.
NOTE11a:
When attaching, do not connect the CCD MAIN BOARD FPC to the MAIN BOARD first, connect the FPC after attach­ing the VF ASSY.
NOTE11b:
Refer to 3.2.5 BLOCK ASSMBLY/CCD BOARD ASSEMBLY ASSY.
NOTE14:
When removing, be careful not to damage the parts or cut the wires.
NOTE15:
During the procedure, be careful not to damage the parts. When attaching, be careful with the wiring.
NOTE16a:
When attaching, be careful with the locations of the SWITCH and the KNOB(VID/MEM SW). (DSC MODEL ONLY)
NOTE16b:
During the procedure, be careful not to damage the SWITCH. When attaching, leave the MONITOR ASSY open.
NOTE16c:
When attaching, be careful with the wiring of the WIRE (SPEAKER).
NOTE17:
When removing, push the COVER from the backside, and be careful in handling the parts.
NOTE18:
Refer to 3.2.4 BLY
for the disassembly of the MONITOR ASSY.
NOTE19a:
During the procedure, be careful in handling the parts.
NOTE19b:
When attaching, be careful with the wiring and the attach­ment locations of the parts.
zDestination of connectors
CN.
No.
CN1 MAIN CN103 JUNCTION CN401 26 CN4a MAIN CN4201 CCD CN5001 20 CN4b MAIN CN7801 VF CN7001 18 CN5 MAIN CN105 CN7 MAIN CN2601 MIC - 4 CN9 MAIN CN101/CN106 REAR CN501/CN504 40/34 CN11 MAIN CN4901 OP BLOCK ASSY CN13a MAIN CN1604 SENSOR - 16 CN13b MAIN CN1603 CAPSTAN MOTOR CN13c MAIN CN1602 DRUM MOTOR - 11 CN13d MAIN CN3501 HEAD - 8
CN13e MAIN CN1601 /ROTARY ENCODER
CN15 JUNCTION CN403 BUTTON UNIT - 6 CN16a JUNCTION CN404 SPEAKER - 2 CN16b JUNCTION CN402 MONITOR CN7601 22
When attaching, be sure to attach firmly.
ASSEMBLY/DISASSEMBLY OF [11] OP
of OP BLOCK
DISASSEMBLY OF [18] MONITOR ASSEM-
- 12
- 26
- 18
8
-
PIN No.
CONNECTOR
POWER UNIT
LOADING MOTOR
(No.YF173)1-7
1
(S1a)
2
(S1a)
L1d
3
(S1b)
4
(S1b)
5
(S1a)
NOTE1a
(S1b)
MONITOR ASSY
L1b
9
(S2)
L2b
[2]
6
7
(S2)
8
(S2)
9
(S2)
NOTE2
10
(S2)
L1j
NOTE1d
Fig.FA1-1
<NOTE1b>
L1c
FPC(BUTTON)
GUIDE
L1a
NOTE1c
FOOK
WIRE
FPC(JUNC)
L1h
L3
L2a
LEVER
Fig.FA2
[3]
12
(S3)
11
(S3)
CN1
1-8 (No.YF173)
L1g
L1f
L1e
Fig.FA1-2
[1]
Fig.FA3
13
(S4a)
NOTE4a
CN4a
CN4b
NOTE4b
[4]
L6a
NOTE6b
L6b
< NOTE6a >
21
(S6)
22
(S6)
<NOTE4a>
Fig.FA4
<NOTE5b>
COVER(JACK)
15
(S5a)
L4
CN4a
(S5b)
CN4b
17
14
(S4b)
L6c
Fig.FA6
L7b
21
(S6)
22
(S6)
[6]
NOTE6a
L7a
17
(S5b)
18
(S5c)
NOTE5a
NOTE5b
(S5a)
16
(S5a)
L5
19
(S5b)
15
16
(S5a)
Fig.FA5
[5]
20
(S5b)
CN5
[7]
[7]
23
(S7)
WIRE(MIC)
PLATE(MIC)
23
(S7)
(S8)
[8]
Fig.FA7
CN7
< NOTE8 >
24
WIRE(MIC)
(No.YF173)1-9
L9a
[9]
CN13e
CN13d
CN13c
CN13b
27
(S10)
L9b
[10]
NOTE9
EJECT SW
Fig.FA8
CN9
[9]
[10]
(S9)
(S9)
(S9)
(S9)
25
26
25
26
<MECHA SIDE>
CN13a
CN13b
L13
CN13c
Fig.FA10
CN13d
CN13e
32
(S13)
[13]
L11
L12b
29
(S12)
30
(S12)
28
(S12)
L12a
Fig.FA9
31
(S12)
NOTE11b
[11]
NOTE11a
[12]
CN11
FRAME ASSY
33
(S14)
Fig.FA11
36
(S14)
35
(S14)
34
(S14)
L14
[14]
:0.068N m(0.7kgf cm)
1-10 (No.YF173)
NOTE15
[15]
L15d
L15e
37
(S15)
L15b
38
(S16)
CN15
39
(S16)
NOTE16b
MONI SW
[16]
46
(S19)
48
(S19)
45
(S19)
(S19)
BKT(HINGE)
47
44
(S19)
VID/MEM SW
<NOTE16c>
L16
WIRE(SPEAKER)
NOTE16a
L15a
L15c
CN16a
:0.059N m(0.6kgf cm)
Fig.UA1
CN16b
NOTE16c
L16
[17]
BKT(GROUND) NOTE19a
[19]
NOTE16c NOTE19b
KNOB(SLIDE) NOTE19a
KNOB(EJECT) NOTE19a
L19a
L19b
:0.078N m(0.8kgf cm)
Fig.UA3
(S18)
NOTE18
[18]
:0.039N m(0.4kgf cm)
Fig.UA2
42
43
(S18)
L18
40
(S17)
41
(S17)
(No.YF173)1-11
3.2.3 DISASSEMBLY OF [4] VF ASSEMBLY
zBefore disassembly
As the VF ASSY has complicated structure, do not disassem­ble if not needed. When assembling, be careful to prevent dust or any foreign materials from entering inside, and avoid soils on both the LENS and the SHEET.
zDisassembly procedure
(1) Pull out the CASE(VF) from the VF ASSY, remove the
screw (1), and then remove the EYE CUP. (2) Remove the screw (2), and remove the BKT.(COVER). (3) Peel off the FPC, and then remove the CASE(VF).
NOTE4a:
During the procedure, be careful in handling the FPC.
(4) Set the LEVER(VF) to the TRIANGLE MARK( ) of the
CASE(VF), and then remove the LENS ASSY.
NOTE4b:
During the procedure, be careful in handling the parts. Pay special attention not to damage, soil, or leave fin­gerprints on the surface.
<NOTE4c> <NOTE4a>
NOTE4c:
After attaching the LENS ASSY, rotate the LE­VER(VF) counterclockwise to check the smooth slid­ing operation of the LENS ASSY.
(5) Press hooks (L4c,d) on both sides of the HOLD-
ER(LCD)to remove the LCD SA from the CASE(VF).
NOTE4d:
During the procedure, be careful not to damage the VF SWITCH.
NOTE4e:
Refer to Fig. 3-2-4-2 for the disassembly of the LCD SA, and disassemble the LCD SA if necessary. During the procedure, be careful to prevent dust or any foreign materials from entering inside.
NOTE4f:
During the procedure, be careful not to damage the parts.
TRIANGLE MARK( )
CASE(VF)
NOTE4a
FPC
MARKING
LEVER(VF)
L4b
NOTE4b
LENS ASSY
COVER(SLIDE)
BKT.(COVER)
EYE CUP
L4a
1
(S4a)
a
1-12 (No.YF173)
Fig.3-2-4-1
2
(S4a)
bb
3
(S4b)
0.069N࡮m(0.7kgf࡮cm)
VF BOARD ASSY
L4c
CASE(VF)
L4e
VF SW
NOTE4d
<LCD SA>
L4f
CN4
FPC
LCD SA
NOTE4e
L4d
STOPPER(POLA)
CUSHION(2)
NOTE4f
CASE(B.LIGHT)
SHEET(DIFF.)
SHEET(POLA)
L4g
CUSHION(1)
SHEET(POLA)
LCD MODULE
L4h
HOLDER(LCD)
Fig.3-2-4-2
(No.YF173)1-13
3.2.4 DISASSEMBLY OF [18] MONITOR ASSEMBLY
zCAUTIONS
(1) During the procedure, be careful in handling the LCD
MODULE and other parts. Pay special attention not to
damage or soil the monitor screen.
If fingerprints are left on the screen, wipe them with clean
chamois leather or a cleaning cloth.
zRemoving MONITOR ASSEMBLY
(1) Turn the HINGE UNIT ASSY 90°, and Remove the
M.COVER ASSY by removing the six hooks (L4a-f). (2) Release the lock of the connector (CN18a), and remove
the HINGE UNIT by lifting it up.
NOTE18a:
During the procedure, be careful in handling the FPC.
(3) Release the lock of the connector (CN18b), and pull out
the FPC. (4) Remove the screw (3), and remove the MONI BOARD
ASSY .
NOTE18b:
When attaching the MONITOR BOARD ASSY, be careful to avoid any misalignment or unevenness of the parts underneath. Attach the MONITOR BOARD ASSY by lifting up the MONITOR CASE as the KNOB (CURSOR) that is at­tached to the BOARD sticks out toward the LCD screen.
(5) Remove the SHEET (M.REF), LIGHT GUIDE, SHEET
(M.DIFF) and the SHEET(BEF). (6) Remove the SHILD CASE(MONI), LCD MODULE and
the LCD CASE.
NOTE18c:
During the procedure, handle the three parts (LCD CASE, LCD MODULE, and SHILD CASE(MONI)) to­gether.
zRemoving HINGE UNIT ASSEMBLY
(1) Remove the screw (4), and remove the H.COVER(U,L).
NOTE18d:
During the procedure, be careful in handling the mag­net. When attaching, set the negative pole outside as shown in the figure. Be careful when removing as there is no marking.
NOTE18e:
During the procedure, be careful in handling the FPC.
NOTE18f:
The FPC is rolled around the axis of rotation of the HINGE ASSY 2.5 rounds (2.5times). The connecting side to the MONITOR BOARD ASSY is placed inside.
1-14 (No.YF173)
HINGE ASSY
[18]
M.COVER ASSY
H.COVER(U)
H.COVER(L)
L18k
<NOTE18d>
L18h
N pole
H.COVER(L)
4
(S18c)
NOTE18e,f FPC
P.C.MAGNET
L18j
S pole
P.C.MAGNET
1
(S18a)
HINGE ASSY
NOTE18a
2
(S18a)
L18g
a
CN18a
aa
CN18b
L18f
(S18b)
bb
SHEET(M.REF)
LIGHT GUIDE
SHEET(M.DIFF)
L18aL18bL18e
L18d
3
L18c
NOTE18b
MONITOR BOARD
KNOB(CURSOL)
ASSY
<NOTE18c>
SUPPORT PLATE
SIDE
M.COVER ASSY SIDE
MONITOR CASE SIDE
S.CASE(MONI)
LCD MODULE
LCD ࠤ࡯ࠬ
SHEET(BEF)
NOTE18c
LCD CASE LCD MODULE S.CASE(MONI)
b
MONITOR CASE
0.078 N࡮m (0.8kgf࡮cm)0.069 N࡮m (0.7kgf࡮cm)
Fig.3-2-3
(No.YF173)1-15
3.2.5 ASSEMBLY/DISASSEMBLY OF [11] OP BLOCK ASSMBLY/CCD BOARD ASSEMBLY
zPrecautions
(1) Be careful in handling the CCD IMAGE SENSOR, OPTI-
CAL LPF and the LENS components. Pay special atten-
tion not to soil or damage the surfaces., especially with
regard to surface contamination, attached dust or
scratching. If fingerprints are present on the surface they
should be wiped away using either a silicon paper, clean
chamois or the cleaning cloth. (2) The CCD IMAGE SENSOR may have been shipped with
a protective sheet attached to the transmitting glass.
When replacing the CCD IMAGE SENSOR, do not peel
off this sheet from the new part until immediately before
it is mounted in the OP BLOCK ASSY. (3) As the CUSHION(OP) protects the OP BLOCK ASSY
from scratches or damages, leave the CUSHION as
long as it does not interfere with the procedure.
zDisassembly of OP BLOCK ASSEMBLY / CCD BOARD AS-
SEMBLY
(1) Unsolder the fourteen soldered points (SD11a) of the
CCD BOARD ASSY. (2) Remove the two screws (1,2), and then remove the CCD
BOARD ASSY and the CCD BASE ASSY.
NOTE11a:
When removing the CCD BASE ASSY, be careful in handling as the CCD IMAGE SENSOR may be re­moved together with the SHEET and the OP LPF at­tached.
NOTE11\b:
Replace the CCD IMAGE SENSOR as a CCD BASE ASSY, not as a single part replacement.
zAssembly of OP BLOCK ASSEMBLY / CCD BOARD AS-
SEMBLY
(1) Set the OPTICAL LPF first, and then the SHEET to the
OP BLOCK ASSY.
NOTE11c:
Be careful with the attachment direction of the OP LPF.
(2) Attach the CCD BASE ASSY first, then the CCD BASE
ASSY so that the SHEET stays in place, and then tighten with the two screws (1, 2).
(3) Solder the 14 points (SD11a) on the CCD BOARD AS-
SY.
zReplacement of service repair parts
The service repair parts for the OP BLOCK ASSY are as listed below. When replacing parts, be careful not to cut the FPCs or dam­age any parts by soldering (excessive heat).
(1) FOCUS MOTOR UNIT (2) ZOOM MOTOR UNIT (3) IRIS MOTOR UNIT
NOTE 13e:
When replacing the FOCUS MOTOR UNIT or the ZOOM MOTOR UNIT, solder the FPC at a space of about 0.5 mm above the terminal pin.
NOTE 13f:
The IRIS MOTOR UNIT includes the FPC ASSY and two sensors.
(S11b)
SENSOR
IRIS MOTOR UNIT
NOTE11d,e
7
8
(S11b)
9
(S11b)
SD11b
(S11b)
CUSHION(OP)
5
(S11b)
NOTE11d,e
FOCUS
6
MOTOR UNIT
SHEET
OPTICAL LPF
NOTE11c
(S11b)
CCD BOARD ASSY
SD11
CCD BASE ASSY
NOTE11a,b
4
(S11b)
3
ZOOM MOTOR UNIT
NOTE11d,e
1
(S11a)
2
(S11a)
0.147N࡮m (1.5kgf࡮cm)
1-16 (No.YF173)
Fig.3-2-4
SECTION 4
ADJUSTMENT

4.1 PREPARATION

4.1.1 Precaution
Camera system and deck system of this model are specially adjusted by using PC. However, if parts such as the following are replaced, an adjustment is required. The adjustment must be performed in a Service Center equipped with the concerned facilities.
• EEP ROM (IC1005 of MAIN board)
• OP BLOCK ASSEMBLY
• MONITOR ASSEMBLY
• VF ASSEMBLY
In the event of malfunction with electrical circuits, first find a defective portion with the aid of proper test instruments as shown in the following electrical adjustment procedure, and then commence necessary repair/ replacement/adjustment.
• In observing chip TP, use IC clips, etc. to avoid any stress. Prior to replacement of chip parts (especially IC), remove the solder completely to prevent peeling of the pattern.
• Use a patch cord if necessary. As for a patch cord, see the BOARD INTERCONNECTIONS.
• Since connectors are fragile, carefully handle them in disconnecting and connecting the FPC.
4.1.2 REQUIRED TEST EQUIPMENT
• Personal computer (for Windows)
• Color TV monitor
• Oscilloscope (dual-trace type, observable 100MHz or higher frequency). The one observable 300 MHz or higher frequency is recommended.
• Digital voltmeter
• DC power supply or AC adapter
• Frequency counter (with threshold level adjuster)
4.1.3 TOOLS REQUIRED FOR ADJUSTMENT
Torque Driver
YTU94088
Chip IC Replacement Jig
PTS40844-2
INF Adjustment Lens
YTU92001B
Light box Assembly
YTU93096A
Focus Chart
YTU92001-018
INF Adjustment Lens Holder
Bit
YTU94088-003
Cleaning Cloth
KSMM-01
YTU94087
Gray Scale Chart
YTU94133A
Alignment Tape
MC-1
YTU94148A-1
Color Bar Chart
YTU94133C
Service Support System
YTU94057-99
Tweezers
P-895
Guide Driver
Mini Stand
YTU93108
PC Cable
QAM0099-002
Jig Connector Cable
YTU93106C
Conversion Connector
YTU94145K-20
Communication Cable
YTU93111
Charing Battery Adjuatment Jig
YTU93112A
Torque driver
Be sure to use to fastening the mechanism and exterior parts because those parts must strictly be controlled for tightening torque.
Bit
This bit is slightly longer than those set in conventional torque drivers.
Tweezers
To be used for removing and installing parts and wires.
(No.YF173)1-17
Chip IC replacement jig
To be used for adjustment of the camera system.
Cleaning cloth
Recommended the Cleaning cloth to wipe down the video heads, mechanism (tape transport system), optical lens sur­face.
Guide driver
To be used to turn the guide roller to adjustment of the linarity of playback envelope.
INF adjustment lens
To be used for adjustment of the camera system. For the usage of the INF adjustment lens, refer to the Service Bulletin No. YA-SB-10035.
INF adjustment lens holder
To be used together with the Camera stand for operating the Videocamera in the stripped-down condition such as the sta­tus without the exterior parts or for using commodities that are not yet conformable to the interchangeable ring. For the usage of the INF lens holder, refer to the Service Bulletin No. YA-SB-
10035.
Mini stand
To be used together with the INF adjustment lens holder. For the usage of the Mini stand, refer to the Service Bulletin No. YA-SB-10035.
Light box assembly
To be used for adjustment of the camera system. For the usage of the Light box assembly, refer to the Service Bulletin No. YA-SB-10035.
Gray scale chart
To be used for adjustment of the camera system. For the usage of the INF adjustment lens, refer to the Service Bulletin No. YA-SB-10035.
Color bar chart
To be used for adjustment of the camera system. For the usage of the INF adjustment lens, refer to the Service Bulletin No. YA-SB-10035.
Focus chart
To be used for adjustment of the camera system. For the usage of the INF adjustment lens, refer to the Service Bulletin No. YA-SB-10035.
Alignment tape
To be used for check and adjustment of interchangeability of the mechanism.
Service support system
To be used for adjustment with a personal computer. Software can be downloaded also from JS-net.
PC cable
To be used to connect the Videocamera and a personal computer with each other when a personal computer issued for adjustment.
Communication cable
Connect the Communication cable between the PC cable and Jig connector cable when performing a PC adjustment.
Jig connector cable
Connected to JIG CONNECTOR of the main board and used for electrical adjustment, etc.
Conversion connector
Conversion connector is used to convert the connector part of the JIG connector cable.
Charging Battery Adjustment Jig
This Jig is used for the adjustment of the camcorders that have Main Body battery charging function.
1-18 (No.YF173)

4.2 JIG CONNECTOR CABLE CONNECTION

4.2.1 CAUTIONS
(1) Only 9 of 30pins of JIG CONNECTOR CABLE(PN:YTU93106B)
are extended with wires. Additional 2pins (13 and 28) need to be soldered and extended with the wires for adjustment and checking. See Fig. 4-2-1 for details.
<COMPONENT SIDE>
28
29pin AL_2.8VSYS 28pin IF_RX
26pin HID
23pin MON_B 22pin MON_G
Connection procedure
Remove the screw (1-4), and remove the CASS.COVER.
CASS.COVER
GUIDE ROLLER (SUP)
GUIDE ROLLER (TU)
<FOIL SIDE>
13
13pin IF_TX 12pin ENV_OUT 10pin GND 9pin GND 8pin XSTH
5pin NC
Fig.4-2-1
: ADDITIONAL WIRE
JIG CONNECTOR CABLE
COMMUNICATION CABLE
JIG CONNECTOR
CONVERSION CONNECTOR
COMMUNICATION
PC CABLE
CABLE
Fig.4-2-2
COVER(JIG CON)
RS232C COM PORT
TO ENV_OUT
TO HID
JIG CONNECTOR
SERVICE SUPPORT SYSTEM
MENU
PERSONAL COMPUTER
OSCILLOSCOPEJIG CONNECTOR
(No.YF173)1-19
Jig connector diagrams
JIG CONNECTOR CABLE (YTU93106B)
MAIN CN102
MVD
V_OUT
-
-
-
CVF_G
COM_VF
GND
FS_PLL
GND
HID
ATFI
MAIN_VCO
ENV_OUT
IF_RX
IF_TX
AL_2.8VSYS
IRU
KENTO
KENTO2
ADDITIONAL WIRE
20
10
19
9
18
8
17
7
16
6
15
5
14
4
13
3
12
2
11
1
13. IF_TX
28. IF_RX
Fig.4-2-3
JIG CONN. BOARD
(PIN NO.)
NC
30
AL_2.8VSYS
29
IF_RX
28
NC
27
HID
26
NC
25
NC
24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
-
­NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC
IF_TX
ENV_OUT
NC
GND GND
CVF_G
­NC NC NC NC NC NC

4.3 MECHANISM COMPATIBILITY ADJUSTMENT

4.3.1 Tape pattern adjustment
NOTE:
Prior to the adjustment, remove the CASS.COVER. (1) Play back the compatibility adjustment tape. (2) While triggering the HID, observe the waveform of
ENV_OUT. (3) Set the manual tracking mode (ATF OFF). (4) Confirm that the waveform is entirely parallel and straight,
and free from remarkable level-down, through the tracking
operation.
Make the confirmation as follows if necessary. (5) If level-down is observed on the left hand side of the
waveform, straighten the level by turning the GUIDE
ROLLER (SUP).
If level-down is observed on the right hand side of the
waveform, straighten the
level by turning the GUIDE ROLLER (TU). (6) After the adjustment, try the unloading motion once, and
confirm that the waveform is flat when the tape has been
played back again. (7) Play back the self-recording. (8) Confirm that the waveform is flat.
Flatten the waveform.
Misalignment of guide roller height on the supply side
Misalignment of guide roller height on the take-up side
Conversion Connector
KENTO
AL_2.8VSYS
IF_RX
MAIN_VCO
FS_PLL
COM_VF
HID
MVD
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
-
23
-
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
10
Fig.4-3-1
15
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
KENTO2
14
IRU
13
IF_TX
12
ENV_OUT
11
ATFI
10
GND
9
GND
8
CVF_G
7
-
6
V_OUT
5
4
3
2
ENV_OUT
HID
Fig.4-3-2

4.4 ELECTRICAL ADJUSTMENT

Electrical adjustment is performed by using a personal computer and software for SERVICE SUPPORT SYSTEM. Read README.TXT file to use the software properly. As for the connection of cables, see "4.2 JIG CONNECTOR CABLE CONNECTION".
1
1-20 (No.YF173)
Fig.4-2-4

5.1 SERVICE NOTE

SECTION 5
TROUBLE SHOOTING
FA8
FA7
UA3
FA5 FA6
a
[11]
FA11 UA1 UA2
[1] [2] [4][3] [5] [6] [9] [10][7] [8]
FA1-1/FA1-2 FA2 FA3 FA4
FA10
FA9
[11]OP BLOCK ASSY/CCD BOARD ASSY
aaabc ed
[4]
-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
CABINET PARTS AND ELECTRICAL PARTS(1)
[11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19]
CABINET PARTS AND ELECTRICAL PARTS(2)
- 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
­[4]VF ASSY
af
3-2-5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
b
b
[18]
3-2-4
a
3-2-3
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
[18]MONITOR ASSY
Symbol No.
Place to stick screw
Removing order of screw
Screw tightening torque
Reference drawing (Fig.No.)
Symbol No.
Place to stick screw
Removing order of screw
Screw tightening torque
Reference drawing (Fig.No.)
Symbol No.
Place to stick screw
Removing order of screw
Screw tightening torque
Reference drawing (Fig.No.)
Symbol No.
Place to stick screw
Removing order of screw
Screw tightening torque
Reference drawing (Fig.No.)
0.147Nm (1.5kgfcm) f
a 0.088Nm (0.9kgfcm)ޓޓb 0.069Nm (0.7kgfcm)ޓޓc 0.059Nm (0.6kgfcm)ޓޓd 0.039Nm (0.4kgfcm)ޓޓe 0.078Nm (0.8kgfcm)
NOTE:
)and㧖㧖 (This mark shows where to attach the screws) : Do not reuse the screws because the screw lock bond was applied to prevent the screws from loosening.
Prepare the specified screws and use them in place of the removed screws.
)Tightening torque for the screws
There are setting limits of the torque value for the torque driver. If the value exceeds the setting value, take it as a rough measurement (reference value),
and tighten the screw manually.
The specified torque value is a recommended value of the initial assembly. Therefore, set the value below the specified torque value in the assembling procedure.
Be careful not to break either the screws or the screw holes.
(No.YF173)1-21

5.2 EMERGENCY DISPLAY

When any abnormal signal is input to the syscon CPU, an error number is displayed on the LCD monitor or in the electronic view finder. (Shown as examples 01 and 03) In every error status, the relevant messages as shown in the ex­amples keep appearing alternately. Proceed with the operation following the messages.
Example (in case of the error number 01):
UNIT IN
SAFEGUARD MODE
01
REMOVE AND REATTACH
BATTERY OR DC PLUG
Example (in case of the error number 03):
01
UNIT IN
SAFEGUARD MODE
03
LCD display Emergencymode Details Possible cause
01 LOADING In the case the encoder position is not
shifted to the next point though the loading motor has rotated in the loading direction for 4 seconds or more. This error is defined as [01].
02 UNLOADING In the case the encoder position is not
shifted to the next point though the loading motor has rotated in the unloading direction for 4 seconds or
1. The mechanism is locked during mode shift.
2. The mechanism is locked at the mechanism loading end, because the encoder position is skipped during mechanism mode shift.
3. No power is supplied to the loading MDA.
1. The mechanism is locked during mode shift.
2. The mechanism is locked at the mechanism loading end, because the encoder position is skipped during mechanism mode shift.
more. This error is defined as [02].
03 REEL FG(TU & SUP) In the case no REEL FG is produced
for seconds shown in the table below or more in the capstan rotation mode after loading was complete, the mechanism mode is shifted to STOP with the pinch roller set off. This error is defined as [03].However, no REEL EMG is detected in the SLW/STILL mode.
1. The idler gear does not engage with the reel disk well.
2. Though the idler gear and reel disk are engaged with each other, the tape is not wound because of overload to the mechanism.
3. No FG pulse is output from the reel sensor.
4. No power is supplied to the reel sensor.
5. Tape transport operation takes place with a cassette having no tape inside.
6. The tape slackens and no pulse is produced until the slack is taken up and the tape comes into the normal status.
REEL(SUP) REEL(TU)
PB/REC S-FWD S-REW FF REW
04 DRUM FG In the case there is no DRUM FG
input in the drum rotation mode for 4 seconds or more. This error is defined as [04], and the mechanism mode is shifted to STOP with the pinch roller set off.
3 SEC 3 SEC
0.3 SEC 3 SEC
0.1 SEC
3 SEC
0.3 SEC 3 SEC
0.1 SEC 3 SEC
1. The drum cannot be started or drum rotation is stopped because tape transport load is too high.
1) Tape tension is extremely high.
2) The tape is damaged or soiled with grease, etc.
2. The DRUM FG signal is not received by the syscon CPU.
1) Disconnection in the middle of the signal line.
2) Failure of the DRUM FG pulse generator (hall element).
3. No drum control voltage is supplied to the MDA.
4. No power is supplied to the DRUM MDA.
05 - - -
06 CAPSTAN FG In the case no CAPSTAN FG is
produced in the capstan rotation mode for 2 seconds or more. This error is defined as [06], and the mechanism mode is shifted to STOP with the pinch roller set off.However, no CAPSTAN EMG is detected in the STILL/FF/REW mode.
1. The CAPSTAN FG signal is not received by the syscon CPU.
1) Disconnection in the middle of the signal line.
2) Failure of the CAPSTAN FG pulse generator (MR
element).
2. No capstan control voltage is supplied to the MDA.
3. The capstan cannot be started or capstan rotation is stopped because tape transport load is too high.
1) Tape tension is extremely high. (Mechanical locking)
2) The tape is damaged or soiled with grease, etc. (Tape
tangling occurs, etc.)
Fig.5-2-1
EJECT AND
REINSERT TAPE
03
1-22 (No.YF173)
Victor company of Japn, Limited Camcorder Category 12, 3-chome, Moriya-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa-prefecture, 221-8528, Japan
(No.YF173)
Printed in Japan
VPT
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