Juniper JUNOSE SOFTWARE FOR E SERIES 11.3.X - IP-IPV6-IGP CONFIGURATION GUIDE 2010-10-31, JUNOSE 11.3 Configuration Manual

JunosE™ Software for E Series™ Broadband Services Routers

IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide

Release

11.3.x

Published: 2010-10-01

Juniper Networks, Inc. 1194 North Mathilda Avenue Sunnyvale, California 94089 USA 408-745-2000 www.juniper.net

Juniper Networks, Junos, Steel-Belted Radius, NetScreen, and ScreenOS are registered trademarks of Juniper Networks, Inc. in the United States and other countries. The Juniper Networks Logo, the Junos logo, and JunosE are trademarks of Juniper Networks, Inc. All other trademarks, service marks, registered trademarks, or registered service marks are the property of their respective owners.

Juniper Networks assumes no responsibility for any inaccuracies in this document. Juniper Networks reserves the right to change, modify, transfer, or otherwise revise this publication without notice.

Products made or sold by Juniper Networks or components thereof might be covered by one or more of the following patents that are owned by or licensed to Juniper Networks: U.S. Patent Nos. 5,473,599, 5,905,725, 5,909,440, 6,192,051, 6,333,650, 6,359,479, 6,406,312, 6,429,706, 6,459,579, 6,493,347, 6,538,518, 6,538,899, 6,552,918, 6,567,902, 6,578,186, and 6,590,785.

JunosE™ Software for E Series™ Broadband Services Routers IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide

Writing: Mark Barnard, Bruce Gillham, Sarah Lesway-Ball, Brian Wesley Simmons, Fran Singer, Sairam Venugopalan, Pallavi Madhusudhan, Namrata Mehta Editing: Benjamin Mann, Alana Calapai Illustration: Nathaniel Woodward Cover Design: Edmonds Design

Revision History October 2010 —FRS JunosE 11.3.x

The information in this document is current as of the date listed in the revision history.

YEAR 2000 NOTICE

Juniper Networks hardware and software products are Year 2000 compliant. The Junos OS has no known time-related limitations through the year 2038. However, the NTP application is known to have some difficulty in the year 2036.

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Abbreviated Table of Contents

About the Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi

Part 1 Internet Protocol

Chapter 1 Configuring IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Chapter 2 Configuring IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Chapter 3 Configuring Neighbor Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Part 2 Internet Protocol Routing

Chapter 4 Configuring RIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Chapter 5 Configuring OSPF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Chapter 6 Configuring IS-IS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

Part 3 Index

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

JunosE 11.3.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide

Table of Contents

About the Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi

E Series and JunosE Documentation and Release Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi

Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi

E Series and JunosE Text and Syntax Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi

Obtaining Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii

Documentation Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii

Requesting Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii

Self-Help Online Tools and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiv

Opening a Case with JTAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiv

Part 1 Internet Protocol

Chapter 1 Configuring IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

IP Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

IP Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Moving Data Between Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Routing Datagrams to Remote Hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Fragmenting and Reassembling Datagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

IP Layering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Network Interface Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Internet Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Transport Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Application Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Platform Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

IP Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

IP Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Physical and Logical Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Internet Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Subnetwork Mask Format Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Subnet Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Classless Addressing with CIDR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Adding and Deleting Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Adding a Primary Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Deleting a Primary Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Adding a Secondary (Multinet) Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Deleting a Secondary Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

ip address Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Indirect Next-Hop Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Before You Configure IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

JunosE 11.3.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide

Creating a Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Assigning a Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Address Resolution Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

How ARP Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

MAC Address Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Broadcast Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Broadcast Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Fragmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

IP Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Routing Information Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Setting the Administrative Distance for a Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Setting the Metric for a Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Routing Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Identifying a Router Within an Autonomous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Establishing a Static Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Configuring Static Routes with Indirect Next Hops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Verifying Next Hops for Static Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Setting Up Default Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Setting Up an Unnumbered Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Adding a Host Route to a Peer on a PPP Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Enabling Source Address Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Enabling Source Address Validation Traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Defining TCP Maximum Segment Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Setting MSS for TCP Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Configuring IP Path MTU Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Shutting Down an IP Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Removing the IP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Clearing IP Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Clearing IP Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Setting a Baseline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Disabling Forwarding of Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Enabling Forwarding of Source-Routed Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Forcing an Interface to Appear Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Specifying a Debounce Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Adding a Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Enabling Link Status Traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Configuring the Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Configuring Equal-Cost Multipath Load Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

How BFD Next-Hop Verification Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

BFD Next Hop Verification Configuration Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

How RTR Next-Hop Verification Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

RTR Configuration Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Configuring RTR Next-Hop Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Enabling PMTU Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Limiting PMTU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Specifying Black Hole Thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Defining Maximum Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Round-Robin Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Fast Reroute Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Table of Contents

Setting a TTL Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Protecting Against TCP RST or SYN DoS Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Preventing TCP PAWS Timestamp DoS Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Protecting Against TCP Out of Order DoS Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Limiting Buffers per Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Limiting Buffers per Virtual Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Limiting Buffers per Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Distributing Routing Table Updates to Line Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

IP Tunnel Routing Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Shared IP Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Configuring Shared IP Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Moving IP Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

IP Shared Interface Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Subscriber Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Internet Control Message Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

ICMP Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Specifying a Source Address for ICMP Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Reachability Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Response Time Reporter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Configuring the Probe Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Configuring Optional Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Capturing Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Collecting History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Setting the Receiving Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Setting Reaction Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Scheduling the Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Shutting Down the Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Monitoring RTR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Monitoring IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

System Event Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Establishing a Baseline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

IP show Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Chapter 2 Configuring IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

IPv6 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

IPv6 Packet Headers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

IPv4 and IPv6 Header Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Standard IPv6 Headers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Extension Headers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

IPv6 Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Address Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Address Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Address Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Address Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

ICMP Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

IPv6 Tunnel Routing Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Indirect Next Hop Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Platform Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

JunosE 11.3.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Before You Configure IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Configuring an IPv6 License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Creating an IPv6 Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Assigning a Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Enabling Source Address Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Establishing a Static Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Specifying an IPv6 Hop Count Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Managing IPv6 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Configuring Shared IPv6 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Adding a Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

IPv6 TCP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Setting MSS for TCP Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Configuring Path MTU Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Protecting Against TCP RST or SYN DoS Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Preventing TCP PAWS Timestamp DoS Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Protecting Against TCP Out of Order DoS Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Configuring Equal-Cost Multipath Load Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Hashed Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Fast Reroute Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Removing an IPv6 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Clearing IPv6 Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Creating Static IPv6 Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Clearing Dynamic IPv6 Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Monitoring IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

System Event Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Establishing a Baseline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

IPv6 show Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Chapter 3 Configuring Neighbor Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Platform Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Before You Configure Neighbor Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Configuring Neighbor Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Using IPv6 Profiles and RADIUS to Configure Neighbor Discovery Route

Configuring Proxy Neighbor Advertisements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

Configuring Duplicate Address Detection Attempts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Monitoring Neighbor Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Enabling PMTU Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Limiting PMTU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Specifying Black Hole Thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Limiting Buffers per Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Limiting Buffers per Virtual Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Limiting Buffers per Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Defining Maximum Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Advertisements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

IPv6 Profile-Based Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

RADIUS-Based Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Table of Contents

Part 2 Internet Protocol Routing

Chapter 4 Configuring RIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

RIP Metric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

RIP Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

Platform Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Route Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Subnet Masks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Next Hop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Multicasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Route Summaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Split Horizon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Equal-Cost Multipath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Applying Route Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Before You Run RIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Relationship Between address and network Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Enabling RIP on Dynamic IP Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Clearing Dynamic RIP Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Using RIP Routes for Multicast RPF Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Configuring the BFD Protocol for RIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Remote Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Monitoring RIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

debug Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

show Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Chapter 5 Configuring OSPF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

OSPF Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Platform Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

Intra-area, Interarea, and External Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

Routing Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Virtual Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Opaque LSAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Route Leakage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Equal-Cost Multipath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

OSPF MIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Interacting with Other Routing Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Implementing OSPF for IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Understanding the OSPFv3 Difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Supported LSA Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Unsupported OSPF Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

OSPF Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

JunosE 11.3.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide

Starting OSPF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Enabling OSPFv2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Enabling OSPFv3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Creating a Range of OSPF Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Creating a Single OSPFv2 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Specifying an OSPF Router ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

Aggregating OSPF Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Configuring OSPF Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

address Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

ip ospf and ipv6 ospf Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Comparison Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Precedence of Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Configuring OSPF Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Optimizing the Cost to Reach a Range of OSPF Routers Within an Area . . . . . . 263

Configuring Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Authentication Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Configuring the BFD Protocol for OSPF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

Configuring Additional Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Methods for Calculating OSPF Interface Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Default Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Configuring OSPF for NBMA Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Traffic Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

Configuring OSPF for Traffic Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

Using OSPF Routes for Multicast RPF Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

OSPF and BGP/MPLS VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

Remote Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

Remote Neighbors and Sham Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Configuring OSPF Graceful Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Disabling and Reenabling Incremental SPF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Configuring OSPF Traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Neighbor Uptime Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Monitoring OSPF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

debug Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

show Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

Chapter 6 Configuring IS-IS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

IS-IS Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

ISO Network Layer Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

Dynamic Hostname Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

Level 1 Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

Level 2 Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

Simple Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

HMAC MD5 Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

MD5 Authentication Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Specifying MD5 Start and Stop Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

Halting MD5 Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

Managing and Replacing MD5 Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

Table of Contents

Enabling and Disabling Authentication of CSNPs and PSNPs . . . . . . . 324

Extensions for Traffic Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

Integrated IS-IS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

Equal-Cost Multipath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Static PPP Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Route Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Route Tag Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Route Tag Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Setting Route Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Using Route Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Unsupported Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Table Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Graceful Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

How Graceful Restart Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

IS-IS for IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

Platform Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Before You Run IS-IS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Enabling IS-IS for IP Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Summary Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

Enabling and Configuring IS-IS for IPv6 Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

Summary Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Configuring IS-IS Interface-Specific Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Configuring Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Configuring Link-State Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

Configuring a Reference Bandwidth to Set a Default Metric . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

Setting the CSNP Interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

Configuring Hello Packet Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

Padding IS-IS Hello Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

Configuring LSP Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

Setting the Designated Router Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

Configuring Passive Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

Configuring Adjacency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344

Configuring Route Tags for IS-IS Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Configuring Point-to-Point-over-LAN Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

Summary Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

Configuring Global IS-IS Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

Setting Authentication Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

Configuring Authentication of CSNPs and PSNPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

Configuring Redistribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

Redistributing Routes Between Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

Controlling Granularity of Routing Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354

Configuring a Global Default Metric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

Configuring Metric Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

Setting the Administrative Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

Configuring Default Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

JunosE 11.3.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide

Setting Router Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358

Summarizing Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Avoiding Transient Black Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Ignoring LSP Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

Logging Adjacency State Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

Configuring LSP Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

Specifying the SPF Interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

Defining the SPF Route Calculation Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Setting CLNS Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

Setting the Maximum Parallel Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

Configuring a Virtual Multiaccess Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

Configuring Table Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Configuring Graceful Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Summary Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

Configuring IS-IS for MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Using IS-IS Routes for Multicast RPF Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

Configuring the BFD Protocol for IS-IS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

Disabling the IS-IS Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Monitoring IS-IS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

System Event Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

Monitoring IS-IS Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

Displaying CLNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390

Waiting for BGP Convergence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Example Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Suppression for IS-IS Graceful Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

Part 3 Index

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

List of Figures

Part 1 Internet Protocol

Chapter 1 Configuring IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Figure 1: TCP/IP Conceptual Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Figure 2: IP Address Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Figure 3: Basic Network Masking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Figure 4: Subnetting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Figure 5: Routing With and Without CIDR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Figure 6: Direct Next Hops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Figure 7: Indirect Next Hops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Figure 8: Sample ARP Process—1 through 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Figure 9: Sample ARP Process—4 and 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Figure 10: Routers in a Small Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Figure 11: Static Routes with Indirect Next Hops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Figure 12: Sample Configuration for Next-Hop Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Chapter 2 Configuring IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Figure 13: IPv4 and IPv6 Header Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Figure 14: Direct Next Hops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Figure 15: Indirect Next Hops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Part 2 Internet Protocol Routing

Chapter 5 Configuring OSPF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Figure 16: OSPF Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Figure 17: Optimizing OSPF Area Aggregate Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

Chapter 6 Configuring IS-IS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

Figure 18: Overview of IS-IS Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

Figure 19: Packet Flow Between Routers With and Without Authentication

Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

Figure 20: Example of Level 1 and Level 2 Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

Figure 21: Transit Router Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

JunosE 11.3.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide

List of Tables

About the Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi

Table 1: Notice Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxii

Table 2: Text and Syntax Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxii

Part 1 Internet Protocol

Chapter 1 Configuring IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Table 3: Routing Table for Router NY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Table 4: Routing Table for Router LA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Table 5: Default Administrative Distances for Route Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Table 6: Next-Hop Verification Results for Sample Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Table 7: Probe Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Chapter 2 Configuring IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Table 8: Compressed IPv6 Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Part 2 Internet Protocol Routing

Chapter 5 Configuring OSPF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Table 9: OSPF-Related Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Table 10: Routing Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Table 11: Additional Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Table 12: Methods and Precedence for Calculating OSPF Interface Cost . . . . . . 280

Chapter 6 Configuring IS-IS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

Table 13: IS-IS Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

Table 14: Configuration Tasks for Setting IS-IS Route Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Table 15: IS-IS Graceful Restart Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

JunosE 11.3.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide

About the Documentation

•

E Series and JunosE Documentation and Release Notes on page xxi

•

Audience on page xxi

•

E Series and JunosE Text and Syntax Conventions on page xxi

•

Obtaining Documentation on page xxiii

•

Documentation Feedback on page xxiii

•

Requesting Technical Support on page xxiii

E Series and JunosE Documentation and Release Notes

For a list of related JunosE documentation, see

http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/software/index.html .

If the information in the latest release notes differs from the information in the documentation, follow the JunosE Release Notes.

To obtain the most current version of all Juniper Networks®technical documentation, see the product documentation page on the Juniper Networks website at

http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/.

Audience

This guide is intended for experienced system and network specialists working with Juniper Networks E SeriesBroadband Services Routers in an Internet access environment.

E Series and JunosE Text and Syntax Conventions

Table 1 on page xxii defines notice icons used in this documentation.

JunosE 11.3.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide

Table 1: Notice Icons

Table 2 on page xxii defines text and syntax conventions that we use throughout the E Series and JunosE documentation.

DescriptionMeaningIcon

Indicates important features or instructions.Informational note

Indicates a situation that might result in loss of data or hardware damage.Caution

Alerts you to the risk of personal injury or death.Warning

Alerts you to the risk of personal injury from a laser.Laser warning

Table 2: Text and Syntax Conventions

Representscommandsand keywordsin text.Bold text like this

Fixed-width text like this

Italic text like this

Plus sign (+) linking key names

Syntax Conventions in the Command Reference Guide

Representsinformationas displayedon your terminal’s screen.

•

Emphasizes words.

•

Identifies variables.

•

Identifies chapter, appendix, and book names.

keys simultaneously.

ExamplesDescriptionConvention

•

Issue the clock source command.

•

Specify the keyword exp-msg.

host1(config)#traffic class low-loss1Represents text that the user must type.Bold text like this

host1#show ip ospf 2

Routing Process OSPF 2 with Router ID 5.5.0.250

Router is an Area Border Router (ABR)

•

There are two levels of access: user and privileged.

•

clusterId, ipAddress.

•

Appendix A, System Specifications

Press Ctrl + b.Indicates that you must press two or more

terminal lengthRepresents keywords.Plain text like this

mask, accessListNameRepresents variables.Italic text like this

Table 2: Text and Syntax Conventions (continued)

About the Documentation

ExamplesDescriptionConvention

| (pipe symbol)

or variable to the left or to the right of this symbol. (The keyword or variable can be either optional or required.)

[ ]* (brackets and asterisk)

that can be entered more than once.

Represent required keywords or variables.{ } (braces)

Obtaining Documentation

To obtain the most current version of all Juniper Networks technical documentation, see the Technical Documentation page on the Juniper Networks Web site at

http://www.juniper.net/.

To download complete sets of technical documentation to create your own documentation CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMs, see the Portable Libraries page at

http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/resources/index.html

diagnostic | lineRepresents a choice to select one keyword

[ internal | external ]Represent optional keywords or variables.[ ] (brackets)

[ level1 | level2 | l1 ]*Represent optional keywords or variables

{ permit | deny } { in | out }

{ clusterId | ipAddress }

Copies of the Management Information Bases (MIBs) for a particular software release are available for download in the software image bundle from the Juniper Networks Web site athttp://www.juniper.net/.

Documentation Feedback

We encourage you to provide feedback, comments, and suggestions so that we can improve the documentation to better meet your needs. Send your comments to

techpubs-comments@juniper.net, or fill out the documentation feedback form at

https://www.juniper.net/cgi-bin/docbugreport/. If you are using e-mail, be sure to include

the following information with your comments:

•

Document or topic name

•

URL or page number

•

Software release version

Requesting Technical Support

Technical productsupport isavailable through theJuniper NetworksTechnical Assistance Center (JTAC). If you are a customer with an active J-Care or JNASC support contract,

JunosE 11.3.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide

or are covered under warranty, and need post-sales technical support, you can access our tools and resources online or open a case with JTAC.

•

JTAC policies—For a complete understanding of our JTAC procedures and policies, review the JTAC User Guide located at

http://www.juniper.net/us/en/local/pdf/resource-guides/7100059-en.pdf .

•

Product warranties—For product warranty information, visit

http://www.juniper.net/support/warranty/ .

•

JTAC hours of operation—The JTAC centers have resources available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year.

Self-Help Online Tools and Resources

For quick and easy problem resolution, Juniper Networks has designed an online self-service portal called the Customer Support Center (CSC) that provides you with the following features:

•

Find CSC offerings: http://www.juniper.net/customers/support/

•

Search for known bugs: http://www2.juniper.net/kb/

•

Find product documentation: http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/

•

Find solutions and answer questions using our Knowledge Base: http://kb.juniper.net/

•

Download the latest versions of software and review release notes:

http://www.juniper.net/customers/csc/software/

•

Search technical bulletins for relevant hardware and software notifications:

https://www.juniper.net/alerts/

•

Join and participate in the Juniper Networks Community Forum:

http://www.juniper.net/company/communities/

•

Open a case online in the CSC Case Management tool: http://www.juniper.net/cm/

To verifyservice entitlement by productserial number,use ourSerialNumber Entitlement (SNE) Tool: https://tools.juniper.net/SerialNumberEntitlementSearch/

Opening a Case with JTAC

You can open a case with JTAC on the Web or by telephone.

•

Use the Case Management tool in the CSC at http://www.juniper.net/cm/ .

•

Call 1-888-314-JTAC (1-888-314-5822 toll-free in the USA, Canada, and Mexico).

For international or direct-dial options in countries without toll-free numbers, see

http://www.juniper.net/support/requesting-support.html .

PART 1

Internet Protocol

•

Configuring IP on page 3

•

Configuring IPv6 on page 121

•

Configuring Neighbor Discovery on page 189

JunosE 11.3.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide

CHAPTER 1

Configuring IP

This chapter describes how to configure Internet Protocol (IP) routing on your E Series router.

•

Overview on page 3

•

Platform Considerations on page 5

•

References on page 6

•

IP Features on page 6

•

IP Addressing on page 7

•

Indirect Next-Hop Support on page 12

•

Before You Configure IP on page 13

•

Creating a Profile on page 14

•

Address Resolution Protocol on page 17

•

Broadcast Addressing on page 22

•

Fragmentation on page 24

•

IP Routing on page 25

•

Shared IP Interfaces on page 54

•

Internet Control Message Protocol on page 57

•

Reachability Commands on page 59

•

Response Time Reporter on page 62

•

Monitoring IP on page 76

Overview

TCP/IP isa suite ofdatacommunicationsprotocols.Two of the more important protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP).

IP provides the basicpacketdelivery service for allTCP/IP networks. IP is aconnectionless protocol, which means that it does not exchange control information to establish an end-to-end connection before transmitting data. A connection-oriented protocol exchanges control information with the remote computer to verify that it is ready to receive data before sending it.

JunosE 11.3.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide

IP relies on protocols in other layers to establish the connection if connection-oriented services are required and to provide error detection and error recovery. IP is sometimes called an unreliable protocol, because it contains no error detection or recovery code.

IP Packets

A packet is a block of data that carries with it the information necessary to deliver it to a destination address. A packet-switching network uses the addressing information in the packets to switch packets from one physical network to another, moving them toward their finaldestination. Each packet travels the network independently of anyother packet. The datagram is the packet format defined by IP.

IP Functions

Some of the functions IP performs include:

•

Moving data between the network access layer and the host-to-host transport layer

•

Routing datagrams to remote hosts

•

Fragmenting and reassembling datagrams

Moving Data Between Layers

When IP receives a datagram that is addressed to the local host, it must pass the data portion of the datagram to the correct host-to-host transport layer protocol. IP uses the protocol number in the datagram header to select the transport layer protocol. Each host-to-host transport layer protocol has a unique protocol number that identifies it to IP.

Routing Datagrams to Remote Hosts

Internet gateways are commonly referred to as IP routers because they use IP to route packets between networks. In traditional TCP/IP terms, there are only two types of network devices: gateways and hosts. Gateways forward packets between networks, and hosts do not. However, if a host is connected to more than one network (called a multihomed host), it can forward packets between the networks. When a multihomed host forwards packets, it acts like any other gateway and is considered to be a gateway.

Fragmenting and Reassembling Datagrams

As a datagram is routed through different networks,it may be necessary for the IPmodule in a gateway to divide the datagram into smaller pieces. A datagram received from one network may be too large to be transmitted in a single packet on a different network. This condition occurs only when a gateway interconnects dissimilar physical networks.

Each type of network has a maximum transmission unit (MTU) that determines the largest packet it can transfer. If the datagram received from one network is longer than the other network’s MTU, it is necessary to divide the datagram into smaller fragments for transmission in a process called fragmentation. See “Fragmentation” on page 24.

IP Layering

TCP/IP is organized into four conceptual layers (as shown in Figure 1 on page 5).

Chapter 1: Configuring IP

Figure 1: TCP/IP Conceptual Layers

Network Interface Layer

The network interface layer is the lowest level of the TCP/IP protocol stack. It is responsible for transmitting datagrams over the physical medium to their final destinations.

Internet Layer

The Internet layeris thesecond level ofthe TCP/IPprotocolstack. Itprovideshost-to-host communication.In thislayer, packetsare encapsulatedinto datagrams, routing algorithms are run, and the datagram is passed to the network interface layer for transmission on the attached network.

Transport Layer

The transport layer is the third level of the TCP/IP protocol stack. It is responsible for providing communication between applications residing in different hosts. By placing identifying information in the datagram (such as socket information), the transport layer enables process-to-process communication.

The transport layer provides either a reliable transport service (TCP) or an unreliable service (User Data Protocol). In a reliable delivery service, the destination station acknowledges the receipt of a datagram.

Application Layer

The application layer is the fourth and highest level of the TCP/IP protocol stack. Some applications that run in this layer are:

•

Telnet

•

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

•

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

•

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

•

Domain Name System (DNS)

Platform Considerations

For information about modules that support IP on the ERX7xx models, ERX14xx models, and the Juniper Networks ERX310 Broadband Services Router:

•

See ERX Module Guide, Table 1, Module Combinations for detailed module specifications.

•

See ERX Module Guide, Appendix A, Module Protocol Support for information about the modules that support IP.

JunosE 11.3.x IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide

For information about modules that support IP on the Juniper Networks E120 and E320 Broadband Services Routers:

•

See E120 and E320 Module Guide, Table 1, Modules and IOAs for detailed module specifications.

•

See E120 and E320 Module Guide, Appendix A, IOA Protocol Support for information about the modules that support IP.

References

For more information about IP, consult the following resources:

•

RFC 768—User Datagram Protocol (August 1980)

•

RFC 791—Internet ProtocolDARPA InternetProgramProtocol Specification(September

1981)

•

RFC 792—Internet Control Message Protocol (September 1981)

•

RFC 793—Transmission Control Protocol (September 1981)

IP Features

•

RFC 854—Telnet Protocol Specification (May 1983)

•

RFC 919—Broadcasting Internet Datagrams (October 1984)

•

RFC 922—Broadcasting Internet Datagrams in thePresenceof Subnets (October 1984)

•

RFC 950—Internet Standard Subnetting Procedure (August 1985)

•

RFC 1112—Host Extensions for IP Multicasting (August 1989)

•

RFC 1122—Requirements for Internet Hosts—Communication Layers (October 1989)

•

RFC 1812—Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers (June 1995)

•

RFC 3419—Textual Conventions for Transport Addresses (December 2002)

•

JunosE Release Notes, Appendix A, System Maximums—Refer to the Release Notes corresponding to your software release for information about maximum values.

The E Series router supports the following IP features:

•

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

•

Traceroute

•

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

•

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

•

Classless interdomain routing (CIDR)

•

Maximum transmission unit (MTU)

•

Support for simultaneous multiple logical IP stacks on the same router

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Juniper JUNOSE SOFTWARE FOR E SERIES 11.3.X - IP-IPV6-IGP CONFIGURATION GUIDE 2010-10-31, JUNOSE 11.3 Configuration Manual

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