Juniper JUNOSE SOFTWARE FOR E SERIES 11.0.X - BGP AND MPLS CONFIGURATION GUIDE 2009-12-30, JUNOSE Configuration Manual

JUNOSe™ Software for E Series™ Routing Platforms

BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Release 11.0.x

Juniper Networks, Inc.

1194 North Mathilda Avenue

Sunnyvale, California 94089

USA

408-745-2000

www.juniper.net

Published: 2009-12-30

Juniper Networks, the Juniper Networks logo, JUNOS, NetScreen, ScreenOS, and Steel-Belted Radius are registered trademarks of Juniper Networks, Inc. in the United States and other countries. JUNOSe is a trademark of Juniper Networks, Inc. All other trademarks, service marks, registered trademarks, or registered service marks are the property of their respective owners.

Juniper Networks assumes no responsibility for any inaccuracies in this document. Juniper Networks reserves the right to change, modify, transfer, or otherwise revise this publication without notice.

Products made or sold by Juniper Networks or components thereof might be covered by one or more of the following patents that are owned by or licensed to Juniper Networks: U.S. Patent Nos. 5,473,599, 5,905,725, 5,909,440, 6,192,051, 6,333,650, 6,359,479, 6,406,312, 6,429,706, 6,459,579, 6,493,347, 6,538,518, 6,538,899, 6,552,918, 6,567,902, 6,578,186, and 6,590,785.

JUNOSe™ Software for E Series™ Routing Platforms BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Writing: Subash Babu Asokan, Bruce Gillham, Brian Wesley Simmons, Fran Singer, Megha Shaseendran, Krupa Chandrashekar, Chander Aima, Poornima Goswami, Hema Priya J, Sairam Venugopalan Editing: Benjamin Mann Illustration: Brian Wesley Simmons, Nathaniel Woodward Cover Design: Edmonds Design

Revision History January 2010—FRS JUNOSe 11.0.x

The information in this document is current as of the date listed in the revision history.

YEAR 2000 NOTICE

Juniper Networks hardware and software products are Year 2000 compliant. The JUNOS Software has no known time-related limitations through the year

2038. However, the NTP application is known to have some difficulty in the year 2036.

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Abbreviated Table of Contents

About the Documentation xxxiii

Part 1 Border Gateway Protocol

Chapter 1 Configuring BGP Routing 3

Part 2 Multiprotocol Layer Switching

Chapter 2 MPLS Overview 201

Chapter 3 Configuring MPLS 263

Chapter 4 Monitoring MPLS 311

Chapter 5 Configuring BGP-MPLS Applications 373

Part 3 Layer 2 Services Over MPLS

Chapter 6 Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview 503

Chapter 7 Configuring Layer 2 Services over MPLS 523

Chapter 8 Monitoring Layer 2 Services over MPLS 557

Part 4 Virtual Private LAN Service

Chapter 9 VPLS Overview 569

Chapter 10 Configuring VPLS 583

Chapter 11 Monitoring VPLS 607

Part 5 Virtual Private Wire Service

Chapter 12 VPWS Overview 639

Chapter 13 Configuring VPWS 651

Chapter 14 Monitoring VPWS 665

Part 6 Index

Index 685

Abbreviated Table of Contents ■ vii

JUNOSe 11.0.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

viii ■

Table of Contents

About the Documentation xxxiii

E Series and JUNOSe Documentation and Release Notes ..........................xxxiii

Audience ..................................................................................................xxxiii

E Series and JUNOSe Text and Syntax Conventions ..................................xxxiii

Obtaining Documentation .........................................................................xxxv

Documentation Feedback ..........................................................................xxxv

Requesting Technical Support ....................................................................xxxv

Self-Help Online Tools and Resources ................................................xxxvi

Opening a Case with JTAC ..................................................................xxxvi

Part 1 Border Gateway Protocol

Chapter 1 Configuring BGP Routing 3

Overview .........................................................................................................3

Conventions in This Chapter .....................................................................3

Autonomous Systems ...............................................................................4

BGP Speaker .............................................................................................5

BGP Peers and Neighbors .........................................................................5

BGP Session ..............................................................................................5

IBGP and EBGP .........................................................................................6

Interior Gateway Protocols ........................................................................6

BGP Messages ...........................................................................................7

BGP Route .................................................................................................8

Routing Information Base .........................................................................8

Prefixes and CIDR .....................................................................................9

Path Attributes ........................................................................................10

Transit and Nontransit Service ................................................................11

IPv6 BGP Support ...................................................................................12

Exchange of IPv6 Routing Information over TCP IPv4 ......................12

Exchange of IPv6 Routing Information over TCP IPv6 ......................13

Link-Local Next Hops in MP-BGP Packets .........................................13

Platform Considerations ................................................................................14

References ....................................................................................................14

Features ........................................................................................................16

Before You Configure BGP .............................................................................17

Configuration Tasks .......................................................................................17

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JUNOSe 11.0.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Basic Configuration .......................................................................................17

Enabling BGP Routing .............................................................................17

Understanding BGP Command Scope .....................................................18

Inheritance of Configuration Values ........................................................20

Limitations on Inheritance ................................................................24

Setting the BGP Identifier ........................................................................24

Configuring Neighbors ............................................................................25

Configuring BGP Peer Groups ........................................................................26

Setting the Peer Type ..............................................................................28

Assigning a Description ..........................................................................28

Logging Neighbor State Changes .............................................................29

Specifying a Source Address for a BGP Session .......................................30

Specifying Peers That Are Not Directly Connected ..................................31

Specifying a Single-Hop Connection for IBGP Peers ................................33

Controlling the Number of Prefixes .........................................................33

Removing Private AS Numbers from Updates .........................................34

Checking AS Path Length ........................................................................35

Enabling MD5 Authentication on a TCP Connection ...............................36

Setting the Maximum Size of Update Messages ......................................37

Setting Automatic Fallover ......................................................................38

Setting Timers .........................................................................................38

Automatic Summarization of Routes .......................................................39

Administrative Shutdown ........................................................................39

Configuring BGP for Overload Conditions ...............................................40

Enabling Route Storage in Adj-RIBs-Out Tables .......................................41

Effects of Changing Outbound Policies .............................................42

Configuring the Address Family ..............................................................43

Enabling Lenient Behavior ......................................................................46

Configuring Promiscuous Peers and Dynamic Peering ............................47

Configuring Passive Peers .......................................................................49

Advertising Routes ........................................................................................50

Prefixes Originating in an AS ..................................................................50

Advertising Best Routes ..........................................................................52

Redistributing Routes into BGP ...............................................................53

Redistributing Routes from BGP ..............................................................54

Configuring a Default Route ....................................................................55

Advertising Default Routes ...............................................................55

Redistributing Default Routes ...........................................................56

Setting a Static Default Route ...........................................................57

Setting the Minimum Interval Between Routing Updates ........................58

Aggregating Routes .................................................................................59

Advertising Inactive Routes .....................................................................62

Verifying an AS Path ...............................................................................62

Advertising IPv4 Routes Between IPv6 BGP Peers ...................................63

Advertising Routes Conditionally ............................................................63

Advertising a Route Only When Another Route is Present ................66

Advertising a Route Only When Another Route is Absent .................67

Advertising a Default Route Only When Another Route Is

Present ......................................................................................69

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Table of Contents

Configuring BGP Routing Policy .....................................................................70

Types of BGP Route Maps .......................................................................71

Applying Table Maps ...............................................................................81

Access Lists .............................................................................................83

Filtering Prefixes ..............................................................................83

Filtering AS Paths with a Filter List ...................................................87

Filtering AS Paths with a Route Map .................................................90

Configuring the Community Attribute .....................................................92

Community Lists .....................................................................................95

Resetting a BGP Connection ....................................................................98

Changing Policies Without Disruption .....................................................99

Soft Reconfiguration .........................................................................99

Route-Refresh Capability ................................................................100

Cooperative Route Filtering ............................................................100

Configuring Route Flap Dampening ......................................................102

Global Route Flap Dampening ........................................................102

Policy-Based Route Flap Dampening ..............................................104

Policy Testing .......................................................................................105

Selecting the Best Path ................................................................................106

BGP Path Decision Algorithm ................................................................107

Configuring Next-Hop Processing .........................................................107

Next Hops ......................................................................................108

Next-Hop-Self .................................................................................110

Assigning a Weight to a Route ..............................................................112

Using the neighbor weight Command ............................................112

Using a Route Map .........................................................................113

Using an AS-Path Access List ..........................................................113

Configuring the Local-Pref Attribute ......................................................115

Using the bgp default local-preference Command ..........................116

Using a Route Map to Set the Local Preference ...............................117

Understanding the Origin Attribute .......................................................117

Understanding the AS-Path Attribute ....................................................120

Configuring a Local AS ..........................................................................121

Configuring the MED Attribute ..............................................................122

Missing MED Values .......................................................................125

Comparing MED Values Within a Confederation ............................125

Capability Negotiation ...........................................................................126

Cooperative Route Filtering ............................................................127

Dynamic Capability Negotiation .....................................................127

Four-Octet AS Numbers ..................................................................128

Graceful Restarts ............................................................................128

Route Refresh .................................................................................132

Interactions Between BGP and IGPs ............................................................133

Synchronizing BGP with IGPs ................................................................133

Disabling Synchronization ..............................................................134

Setting the Administrative Distance for a Route ....................................136

Configuring Backdoor Routes ................................................................139

Setting the Maximum Number of Equal-Cost Multipaths .......................140

Detecting Peer Reachability with BFD .........................................................141

BFD and BGP Graceful Restart ..............................................................143

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JUNOSe 11.0.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Managing a Large-Scale AS ..........................................................................143

Configuring a Confederation .................................................................144

Configuring Route Reflectors ................................................................148

Route Reflection and Redundancy ..................................................149

Route Reflection and Looping .........................................................150

Configuring BGP Multicasting ......................................................................153

Monitoring BGP Multicast Services ........................................................156

Using BGP Routes for Other Protocols .........................................................156

Configuring BGP/MPLS VPNs .......................................................................157

Testing BGP Policies ....................................................................................157

Monitoring BGP ...........................................................................................158

Part 2 Multiprotocol Layer Switching

Chapter 2 MPLS Overview 201

MPLS Overview ...........................................................................................202

Conventions for MPLS Topics ......................................................................202

MPLS Terms and Acronyms ........................................................................203

MPLS Features .............................................................................................206

MPLS Platform Considerations ....................................................................207

MPLS References .........................................................................................207

MPLS Label Switching and Packet Forwarding ............................................209

MPLS LSRs ............................................................................................210

MPLS Label Switching: Push, Look Up, and Pop ....................................210

MPLS Label Stacking .............................................................................211

MPLS Labels and Label Spaces ..............................................................212

TTL Processing in the Platform Label Space ..........................................213

TTL Processing on Incoming MPLS Packets ....................................214

TTL Processing on Outgoing MPLS Packets ....................................215

MPLS Rules for TTL Expiration .......................................................217

MPLS Label Distribution Methodology .........................................................218

Mapping IP Data Packets onto MPLS LSPs ...................................................220

Statistics for IP Packets Moving On or Off MPLS LSPs .................................222

MPLS Forwarding and Next-Hop Tables ......................................................224

Spoof Checking MPLS Packets .....................................................................225

IP and IPv6 Tunnel Routing Tables and MPLS Tunnels ................................225

Explicit Routing for MPLS ............................................................................226

MPLS Interfaces and Interface Stacking .......................................................227

MPLS Major Interfaces ..........................................................................227

MPLS Minor Interfaces ..........................................................................228

MPLS Shim Interfaces ...........................................................................228

Interface Stacking .................................................................................228

MPLS Label Distribution Protocols ...............................................................229

LDP Messages and Sessions ..................................................................230

RSVP-TE Messages and Sessions ...........................................................231

RSVP-TE State Refresh and Reliability ...................................................232

BGP Signaling .......................................................................................232

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Table of Contents

ECMP Labels for MPLS ................................................................................233

MPLS Connectivity and ECMP ...............................................................233

Supported TLVs .....................................................................................234

MPLS Connectivity Verification and Troubleshooting Methods ....................235

LDP Discovery Mechanisms ........................................................................236

LDP Basic Discovery Mechanism ..........................................................237

LDP Extended Discovery Mechanism ....................................................237

MPLS Traffic Engineering ............................................................................238

LSP Backup ...........................................................................................238

Path Option ..........................................................................................238

Reoptimization .....................................................................................239

Methods for Configuring RSVP-TE Tunnels ...........................................239

Tracking Resources for MPLS Traffic Engineering .................................239

Starting Admission Control .............................................................240

Admission Control Interface Table .................................................240

Configuring Traffic-Engineering Resources .....................................240

LSP Preemption ....................................................................................241

Topology-Driven LSPs .................................................................................241

LDP over RSVP-TE ................................................................................241

LDP Graceful Restart ...................................................................................242

LDP-IGP Synchronization ............................................................................244

Synchronization Behavior During Graceful Restart ................................245

Synchronization Behavior on LAN Interfaces ........................................246

Synchronization Behavior on IGP Passive Interfaces .............................246

Synchronization and TE Metrics ............................................................246

Determining Peer Reachability with RSVP-TE Hello Messages .....................246

Hello Message Objects ..........................................................................247

Hello Message Instances .......................................................................247

Sequence of Hello Message Exchange ...................................................247

Determination That a Peer Has Reset ...................................................248

Behavior of the Requesting Peer .....................................................248

Behavior of the Acknowledging Peer ..............................................248

Behavior of Both Peers ...................................................................248

RSVP-TE Graceful Restart ............................................................................249

Announcement of the Graceful Restart Capability .................................249

Restarting Behavior ...............................................................................249

Recovery Behavior ................................................................................250

Preservation of an Established LSP Label ..............................................251

RSVP-TE Hellos Based on Node IDs .............................................................251

BFD Protocol and RSVP-TE ..........................................................................252

Tunneling Model for Differentiated Services Overview ................................253

Pipe and Short Pipe Models ..................................................................253

Uniform Model ......................................................................................254

EXP Bits for Differentiated Services Overview .............................................254

Incoming Traffic ...................................................................................254

Outgoing Traffic ....................................................................................254

Setting the EXP Bits for Outgoing Traffic ...............................................255

Point-to-Multipoint LSPs Overview ..............................................................257

Using E Series Routers as Egress LSRs ..................................................258

Point-to-Multipoint LSPs Configuration ........................................................260

Configuring an E Series Router as an Egress Router ..............................260

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JUNOSe 11.0.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Chapter 3 Configuring MPLS 263

Basic MPLS Configuration Tasks ..................................................................264

MPLS Global Configuration Tasks ................................................................265

MPLS Global Tasks ................................................................................265

LDP Global Tasks ..................................................................................266

RSVP-TE Global Tasks ...........................................................................268

LDP and RSVP-TE Interface Profile Configuration Tasks ..............................269

LDP Interface Profile Configuration Tasks and Commands ...................269

RSVP-TE Interface Profile Configuration Tasks and Commands ............269

MPLS Interface Configuration Tasks ............................................................270

MPLS Interface Tasks ............................................................................270

LDP Interface Tasks ..............................................................................271

RSVP-TE Interface Tasks .......................................................................271

MPLS Tunnel Configuration Tasks ...............................................................272

MPLS Tunnel Profile Configuration Tasks ....................................................273

Configuring Explicit Routing for MPLS .........................................................275

Defining Configured Explicit Paths ........................................................276

Specifying Configured Explicit Paths on a Tunnel .................................276

Configuring Dynamic Explicit Paths on a Tunnel ..................................277

Additional LDP Configuration Tasks ............................................................277

Configuring LDP FEC Deaggregation ...........................................................277

Configuring LDP Graceful Restart ................................................................278

Configuring LDP Autoconfiguration .............................................................279

Configuring LDP-IGP Synchronization .........................................................280

Configuring LDP MD5 Authentication ..........................................................281

Controlling LDP Label Distribution ..............................................................282

Additional RSVP-TE Configuration Tasks .....................................................282

Configuring RSVP MD5 Authentication ........................................................283

Configuring RSVP-TE Fast Rerouting with RSVP-TE Bypass Tunnels ............284

Configuration Example .........................................................................286

Fast Reroute over SONET/SDH ..............................................................286

Configuring RSVP-TE Hello Messages to Determine Peer Reachability .........287

Configuring RSVP-TE Graceful Restart .........................................................288

Configuring RSVP-TE Hellos Based on Node IDs ..........................................289

Configuring the BFD Protocol for RSVP-TE ..................................................290

Configuring IGPs and MPLS .........................................................................291

Configuring IGPs and MPLS ..................................................................292

Configuring the IGPs for Traffic Engineering ...................................293

Configuring MPLS and Differentiated Services .............................................295

Configuring the Tunneling Model for Differentiated Services .......................295

Configuring EXP Bits for Differentiated Services ..........................................296

Example Differentiated Services Application and Configuration ..................296

Differentiated Services Configuration Example .....................................297

Classifying Traffic for Differentiated Services ..............................................299

Configuring Static EXP-to-PHB Mapping ................................................301

Signaled Mapping for RSVP-TE Tunnels ................................................301

Preference of per-VR Versus per-LSP Behavior ......................................304

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Example Traffic Class Configuration for Differentiated Services ..................304

Configuration on the Ingress Router .....................................................306

Configuration on the Ingress and Transit Routers .................................307

Configuration on the Transit and Egress Routers ..................................308

Chapter 4 Monitoring MPLS 311

Setting the Baseline for MPLS Statistics .......................................................312

Setting a Baseline for MPLS Major Interface Statistics ...........................312

Enabling and Setting a Baseline for MPLS Forwarding Table

Statistics .........................................................................................313

Enabling and Setting a Baseline for MPLS Next-Hop Table Statistics .....314

Setting a Baseline for MPLS Tunnel Statistics ........................................314

Enabling Statistics Collection for Policies Attached to MPLS Tunnels .....314

Clearing and Re-Creating Dynamic Interfaces from MPLS Major

Interfaces ..............................................................................................315

Clearing and Refreshing IPv4 Dynamic Routes in the Tunnel Routing

Table .....................................................................................................315

Clearing and Refreshing IPv6 Dynamic Routes in the Tunnel Routing

Table .....................................................................................................315

Tracing Paths Through the MPLS User Plane ...............................................316

Monitoring ATM VCs and VPI/VCI Ranges Used for MPLS ............................316

Monitoring Global Call Admission Control Configuration .............................318

Monitoring Interfaces Configured with Traffic Engineering Bandwidth

Accounting ............................................................................................318

Monitoring Virtual Router Configuration ......................................................319

Monitoring IP and IPv6 Tunnel Routing Tables ............................................319

Monitoring LDP ...........................................................................................321

Monitoring MPLS Label Bindings .................................................................323

Monitoring LDP Graceful Restart .................................................................324

Monitoring Interfaces That are Synchronizing with LDP ..............................325

Monitoring LDP Interfaces ...........................................................................326

Monitoring LDP Neighbors ..........................................................................328

Monitoring LDP Profiles ..............................................................................330

Monitoring LDP Statistics ............................................................................331

Monitoring LDP Targeted Hello Receive and Send Lists ...............................333

Monitoring MPLS Status and Configuration .................................................334

Monitoring MPLS Explicit Paths ...................................................................337

Monitoring the RSVP-TE Bypass Tunnels .....................................................337

Monitoring MPLS Labels Used for Forwarding .............................................338

Monitoring MPLS Interfaces ........................................................................339

Monitoring MPLS Minor Interfaces ..............................................................345

Monitoring MPLS Next Hops .......................................................................347

Monitoring the Configured Mapping between PHB IDs and Traffic Class/Color

Combinations .......................................................................................348

Monitoring RSVP-TE Profiles and MPLS Tunnel Profiles ...............................349

Monitoring RSVP Path State Control Blocks, Reservation State Control Blocks,

or Sessions ............................................................................................350

Monitoring RSVP MD5 Authentication .........................................................354

Monitoring RSVP-TE Interfaces Where BFD is Enabled ................................355

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Monitoring RSVP-TE Interface Counters ......................................................356

Monitoring RSVP-TE Graceful Restart ..........................................................358

Monitoring RSVP-TE Hello Adjacency Instances ..........................................359

Monitoring Status and Configuration for MPLS Tunnels ...............................361

Verifying and Troubleshooting MPLS Connectivity ......................................363

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an IP or IPv6 Address ..........364

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an IP or IPv6

Address ..........................................................................................364

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a Martini Circuit ..................364

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a Martini

Circuit ............................................................................................364

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an L3VPN IP or IPv6

Prefix .............................................................................................364

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an L3VPN IP or

IPv6 Prefix .....................................................................................365

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an RSVP-TE Tunnel .............365

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an RSVP-TE

Tunnel ............................................................................................365

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a VPLS Instance ...................365

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a VPLS

Instance .........................................................................................365

Packet Flow Examples for Verifying MPLS Connectivity ..............................365

Packet Flow Examples for MPLS LSPs to an IP Prefix ............................366

Packet Flow Example for the ping mpls Command ........................366

Packet Flow Example for the trace mpls Command .......................368

Packet Flows for ping and trace to L3VPN IPv4 Prefixes .......................369

Inter-AS Topology ...........................................................................371

Packet Flows to L3VPN IPv6 Prefixes ....................................................372

Chapter 5 Configuring BGP-MPLS Applications 373

Overview .....................................................................................................373

Address Families ...................................................................................374

Equal-Cost Multipath Support ................................................................375

BGP/MPLS VPN Components ................................................................376

VPN-IPv4 Addresses ..............................................................................379

Route Targets ........................................................................................379

Distribution of Routes and Labels with BGP ..........................................380

Platform Considerations ..............................................................................383

References ..................................................................................................383

Transporting Packets Across an IP Backbone with MPLS .............................384

Configuring IPv6 VPNs ................................................................................388

Intra-AS IPv6 VPNs ......................................................................................389

BGP Control Plane Behavior ..................................................................390

CE–PE Behavior ....................................................................................390

PE–PE Behavior ....................................................................................391

MPLS Data Plane Behavior ....................................................................391

Providing IPv4 VPN Services Across Multiple Autonomous Systems ............391

Inter-AS Option A ..................................................................................392

Inter-AS Option B ..................................................................................392

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Inter-AS Option C ..................................................................................396

Inter-AS Option C with Route Reflectors ...............................................398

Providing IPv6 VPN Services Across Multiple Autonomous Systems ............399

Using Route Targets to Configure VPN Topologies .......................................400

Full-Mesh VPNs .....................................................................................400

Hub-and-Spoke VPNs ............................................................................401

Overlapping VPNs .................................................................................402

Constraining Route Distribution with Route-Target Filtering ........................404

Exchanging Route-Target Membership Information ..............................405

Receiving and Sending RT-MEM-NLRI Routing Updates ........................406

Conditions for Advertising RT-MEM-NLRI Routes ..................................408

Advertising a Default Route ..................................................................408

Route Selection When Route-Target Filtering Is Enabled .......................410

Configuring Route-Target Filtering ........................................................411

Multicast Services over VPNs .......................................................................412

Configuring BGP VPN Services ....................................................................412

VRF Configuration Tasks .......................................................................412

PE Router Configuration Tasks ..............................................................414

Creating a VRF ......................................................................................415

Specifying a Route Distinguisher ...........................................................416

Defining Route Targets for VRFs ...........................................................416

Setting Import and Export Maps for a VRF ............................................420

Characteristics of Import and Global Import Maps ..........................421

Characteristics of Export and Global Export Maps ..........................422

Subsequent Distribution of Routes .................................................423

Creating a Map ...............................................................................423

Export Maps ...................................................................................423

Global Export Maps ........................................................................424

Import Maps ...................................................................................424

Global Import Maps ........................................................................425

Global Export of IPv6 VPN Routes into the Global BGP IPv6 RIB ...........426

Assigning an Interface to a VRF ............................................................426

Defining Secondary Routing Table Lookup ...........................................428

Adding Static Routes to a VRF ...............................................................429

Configuring IGPs on the VRF .................................................................430

Configuring the IGP in the VRF Context ..........................................430

Configuring the IGP Outside the VRF Context .................................431

Disabling Automatic Route-Target Filtering ...........................................432

Creating Labels per FEC ........................................................................432

Configuring PE-to-PE LSPs ....................................................................434

Enabling BGP Routing ...........................................................................434

Enabling BGP ECMP for BGP/MPLS VPNs ..............................................434

Enabling VPN Address Exchange ..........................................................437

Configuring PE-to-CE BGP Sessions .......................................................438

Advertising Static Routes to Customers .................................................439

Advertising IGP Routes to Customers ....................................................439

Disabling the Default Address Family ...................................................440

Using a Single AS Number for All CE Sites ............................................441

Preventing Routing Loops .....................................................................442

Advertising Prefixes with Duplicate AS Numbers ..................................445

Controlling Route Importation ..............................................................446

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Deleting Routes for a VRF .....................................................................447

Enabling VRF–to–VR Peering ................................................................448

Achieving Fast Reconvergence in VPN Networks ..................................449

Fast Reconvergence with Unique RDs ............................................450

Fast Reconvergence by Means of Reachability Checking ................451

Configuring BGP to Send Labeled and Unlabeled Unicast Routes ..........452

BGP Next-Hop-Self ................................................................................453

BGP Processing of Received Routes ......................................................454

Labeled Unicast Routes ..................................................................454

Unlabeled Unicast Routes ...............................................................454

Resolving IPv6 Indirect Next Hops .................................................454

Labeled VPN Routes .......................................................................454

BGP Advertising Rules for Labeled and Unlabeled Routes with the Same

AFI .................................................................................................455

Providing Internet Access to and from VPNs ...............................................455

Enabling Traffic Flow from the VPN to the Internet ..............................456

Problems ........................................................................................456

Solutions ........................................................................................456

Configuring a Default Route to a Shared Interface ..........................456

Configuring a Fallback Global Option .............................................457

Configuring a Global Import Map for Specific Routes ......................458

Creating a BGP Session Between the CE Router and the Parent VR .......459

Enabling Traffic Flow from the Internet to the VPN ..............................461

Static Routes to a Shared IP Interface .............................................461

Global Export Map ..........................................................................462

Carrier-of-Carriers IPv4 VPNs ......................................................................463

Customer Carrier as an Internet Service Provider .................................464

Configuration Steps ........................................................................465

Customer Carrier as a VPN Service Provider .........................................466

Configuration Steps ........................................................................467

Enabling Carrier-of-Carriers Support on a VRF ......................................468

Carrier-of-Carriers Using BGP as the Label Distribution Protocol ...........469

Carrier-of-Carriers IPv6 VPNs ......................................................................469

Connecting IPv6 Islands Across IPv4 Clouds with BGP ................................470

Connecting IPv6 Islands Across Multiple IPv4 Domains ........................471

Configuring IPv6 Tunneling over IPv4 MPLS .........................................472

OSPF and BGP/MPLS VPNs ..........................................................................473

Distributing OSPF Routes from CE Router to PE Router ........................474

Distributing Routes Between PE Routers ...............................................474

Preserving OSPF Routing Information Across the MPLS/VPN

Backbone .......................................................................................474

OSPF Domain Identifier Attribute ...................................................474

OSPF Route Type Attribute .............................................................475

Distributing OSPF Routes from PE Router to CE Router ........................475

Preventing Routing Loops .....................................................................476

Using Remote Neighbors to Configure OSPF Sham Links ......................476

OSPF Backdoor Links .....................................................................477

OSPF Sham Links ...........................................................................477

Configuration Tasks ..............................................................................479

Configuring VPLS ........................................................................................481

Configuring L2VPNs ....................................................................................481

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Monitoring BGP/MPLS VPNs ........................................................................481

Part 3 Layer 2 Services Over MPLS

Chapter 6 Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview 503

Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview .........................................................503

Layer 2 Services over MPLS Platform Considerations ..................................504

Module Requirements ...........................................................................504

Interface Specifiers ...............................................................................505

Layer 2 Services over MPLS References ......................................................505

Layer 2 Services over MPLS Implementation ...............................................506

Local Cross-Connects Between Layer 2 Interfaces Using MPLS ....................507

MPLS Shim Interfaces for Layer 2 Services over MPLS ................................507

Multiple Layer 2 Services over MPLS ...........................................................509

ATM Layer 2 Services over MPLS ................................................................509

AAL5 Encapsulation ..............................................................................510

OAM Cells .............................................................................................510

QoS Classification ...........................................................................511

Limitations .....................................................................................511

Control Word Support ....................................................................511

VCC Cell Relay Encapsulation ...............................................................512

AAL0 Raw Cell Mode ......................................................................512

Cell Concatenation Parameters .......................................................512

Cell Concatenation and Latency .....................................................512

Control Word Support ....................................................................513

Unsupported Features ....................................................................513

HDLC Layer 2 Services over MPLS ...............................................................513

Interface Stacking .................................................................................514

Encapsulation .......................................................................................514

Control Word Support ...........................................................................514

Local Cross-Connects ............................................................................514

CE-Side MPLS L2VPNs over LAG Overview ..................................................515

Ethernet Raw Mode Encapsulation for Martini Layer 2 Transport

Overview ..............................................................................................516

S-VLAN Subinterface with an Untagged C-VLAN ID Overview ......................518

Multiple ATM Virtual Circuits over a Single Pseudowire Overview ...............518

Guidelines for Configuring VPI/VCI Ranges of ATM Virtual Circuits .......521

Guidelines for Configuring Cell Concatenation and Cell Packing Timer

for an ATM Port ..............................................................................522

Performance Impact and Scalability Considerations .............................522

Chapter 7 Configuring Layer 2 Services over MPLS 523

Before You Configure Layer 2 Services over MPLS ......................................523

Configuring Frame Relay Layer 2 Services ..................................................524

Configuring Interoperation with Legacy Frame Relay Layer 2 Services ........524

Configuring Ethernet/VLAN Layer 2 Services ...............................................525

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Configuring S-VLAN Tunnels for Layer 2 Services ........................................526

Configuring Local Cross-Connects Between Ethernet/VLAN Interfaces .........527

Configuring Local ATM Cross-Connects with AAL5 Encapsulation ...............528

Configuring an MPLS Pseudowire with VCC Cell Relay Encapsulation .........530

Configuring HDLC Layer 2 Services .............................................................532

Configuring Local Cross-Connects for HDLC Layer 2 Services ...............533

Configuring CE-Side Load Balancing for Martini Layer 2 Transport ..............534

Configuring Many Shim Interfaces with the Same Peer, VC Type, and

VC ID ..............................................................................................534

Configuring Load-Balancing Groups ......................................................536

MPLS Interfaces and Labels ............................................................537

Configuring Load-Balancing Groups ................................................537

Adding a Member Interface to a Group Circuit ...............................537

Removing Member Subinterfaces from a Circuit ............................537

Frame Relay over MPLS Configuration Example ..........................................538

MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over VLAN over LAG Configuration Example ..............541

Configuration on CE1 (Local CE Router) ................................................542

Configuration on PE1 (Local PE Router) ................................................542

Configuration on PE2 (Remote PE Router) ............................................543

Configuration on CE2 (Remote CE Router) ............................................544

MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG Configuration Example ................................545

Configuration on CE1 (Local CE Router) ................................................546

Configuration on PE1 (Local PE Router) ................................................546

Configuration on PE2 (Remote PE Router) ............................................547

Configuration on CE2 (Remote CE Router) ............................................548

Ethernet Raw Mode Encapsulation for Martini Layer 2 Transport

Examples ..............................................................................................548

S-VLAN Subinterface with an Untagged C-VLAN ID Examples .....................551

Multiple ATM Virtual Circuits over a Single Pseudowire Example ................554

Chapter 8 Monitoring Layer 2 Services over MPLS 557

Setting Baselines for Layer 2 Services over MPLS Statistics .........................557

Monitoring ATM Martini Cell Packing Timers for Layer 2 Services over

MPLS ....................................................................................................558

Monitoring ATM Subinterfaces for Layer 2 Services over MPLS ...................558

Monitoring ATM Cross-Connects for Layer 2 Services over MPLS ................560

Monitoring MPLS Forwarding for Layer 2 Services over MPLS .....................561

Monitoring MPLS Layer 2 Interfaces for Layer 2 Services over MPLS ...........562

Part 4 Virtual Private LAN Service

Chapter 9 VPLS Overview 569

VPLS Overview ............................................................................................569

VPLS Components .......................................................................................570

VPLS Domains ......................................................................................570

Customer Edge Devices ........................................................................571

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VPLS Edge Devices ...............................................................................571

VPLS and Transparent Bridging ...................................................................571

BGP Signaling for VPLS ................................................................................573

LDP Signaling for VPLS ................................................................................573

Targeted Sessions .................................................................................573

PWid FEC Element TLV .........................................................................574

BGP Multihoming for VPLS ..........................................................................574

Selecting the Designated VE Device for a Multihomed Site ...................576

Multihoming Reaction to Failures in the Network .................................578

VPLS Supported Features ............................................................................579

VPLS Platform Considerations .....................................................................579

Module Requirements ...........................................................................579

Interface Specifiers ...............................................................................580

VPLS References .........................................................................................580

Chapter 10 Configuring VPLS 583

Before You Configure VPLS .........................................................................583

Configuration Tasks for VPLS with BGP Signaling ........................................584

Configuring VPLS Instances with BGP Signaling ..........................................584

Configuring BGP Multihoming for VPLS .......................................................587

Configuring Optional Attributes for VPLS Instances .....................................587

Configuring VPLS Network Interfaces ..........................................................588

Configuring Subscriber Policies for VPLS Network Interfaces ......................589

Network Interface Types .......................................................................590

Default Subscriber Policies ....................................................................590

Modifying Subscriber Policies ...............................................................591

Considerations for VPLS Network Interfaces .........................................591

Configuring the Loopback Interface and Router ID for VPLS ........................592

Configuring MPLS LSPs for VPLS .................................................................593

Configuring BGP Signaling for VPLS ............................................................594

VPLS Configuration Example with BGP Signaling ........................................595

Topology Overview of VPLS with BGP Signaling ...................................596

Configuration on PE 1 (Local PE Router) ...............................................597

Configuration on PE 2 (Remote PE Router) ...........................................598

Configuration Tasks for VPLS with LDP Signaling ........................................599

Configuring VPLS Instances with LDP Signaling ...........................................600

Configuring LDP Signaling for VPLS .............................................................601

Configuring Routing in the Core Network for VPLS ......................................602

VPLS Configuration Example with LDP Signaling ........................................602

Topology Overview of VPLS with LDP Signaling ....................................603

Configuration on PE 1 (Local PE Router) ...............................................603

Configuration on PE 2 (Remote PE Router) ...........................................604

Chapter 11 Monitoring VPLS 607

Setting a Baseline for VPLS Statistics ...........................................................608

Setting a Baseline for a VPLS Instance ..................................................608

Setting a Baseline for a Network Interface Associated with a VPLS

Instance .........................................................................................608

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Setting a Baseline for the VPLS Virtual Core Interface Associated with a

VPLS Instance .................................................................................608

Clearing Dynamic MAC Addresses from the VPLS Forwarding Table ...........609

Clearing All Dynamic MAC Addresses from the VPLS Forwarding

Table ..............................................................................................609

Clearing a Specific Dynamic MAC Address from the VPLS Forwarding

Table ..............................................................................................609

Clearing All Dynamic MAC Addresses for a Network Interface Associated

with a VPLS Instance from the VPLS Forwarding Table ..................609

Clearing All Dynamic MAC Addresses for the VPLS Virtual Core Interface

Associated with A VPLS Instance ....................................................610

Clearing BGP Attributes for VPLS .................................................................610

Clearing BGP Reachability Information for the L2VPN Address

Family ............................................................................................610

Clearing BGP Route Flap Dampening Information for the L2VPN Address

Family ............................................................................................610

Clearing BGP Route Flap Dampening Information for the VPWS Address

Family ............................................................................................611

Clearing the Wait for the End-of-RIB Marker for the L2VPN Address

Family ............................................................................................611

Monitoring Bridging-Related Settings for VPLS ............................................611

Monitoring VPLS Configuration and Statistics for a Specific VPLS

Instance ................................................................................................612

Monitoring VPLS Configuration and Statistics for all VPLS Instances ...........614

Monitoring Configuration, Statistics, and Status for VPLS Network

Interfaces ..............................................................................................616

Monitoring Configuration, Statistics, and Status for VPLS Core Interfaces ....619

Monitoring Configuration, Statistics, and Status for VPLS Ports ...................621

Monitoring MAC Address Entries for a Specific VPLS Instance .....................623

Monitoring Subscriber Policy Rules .............................................................624

Monitoring BGP-Related Settings for VPLS ...................................................625

Monitoring Layer 2 NLRI for VPLS Instances ...............................................626

Monitoring BGP Next Hops for VPLS ...........................................................629

Monitoring LDP-Related Settings for VPLS ...................................................630

Monitoring MPLS-Related Settings for VPLS .................................................631

Monitoring VPLS-Specific Settings ...............................................................632

Part 5 Virtual Private Wire Service

Chapter 12 VPWS Overview 639

VPWS Overview ..........................................................................................639

BGP Signaling for L2VPNs ...........................................................................641

VPWS Components .....................................................................................642

VPWS and BGP/MPLS VPNs .........................................................................643

xxii ■ Table of Contents

VPWS Instances ....................................................................................642

Customer Edge Devices ........................................................................643

VPWS Provider Edge Devices ................................................................643

Table of Contents

BGP Multihoming for VPWS ........................................................................644

Selecting the Designated VE Device for a Multihomed Site ...................646

Multihoming Reaction to Failures in the Network .................................648

VPWS Supported Features ...........................................................................649

VPWS Platform Considerations ...................................................................649

Module Requirements ...........................................................................649

Interface Specifiers ...............................................................................650

VPWS References ........................................................................................650

Chapter 13 Configuring VPWS 651

Before You Configure VPWS ........................................................................651

VPWS Configuration Tasks ..........................................................................652

Configuring a VPWS Instance ......................................................................653

Configuring BGP Multihoming for VPWS .....................................................655

Configuring Customer-Facing Interfaces in the VPWS Instance ...................655

Configuring a Local Cross-Connect for VPWS ..............................................656

Configuring the Loopback Interface and Router ID for BGP for VPWS .........657

Configuring BGP Signaling for VPWS ...........................................................658

Configuring MPLS LSPs for VPWS ................................................................659

VPWS Configuration Example .....................................................................660

Topology Overview ...............................................................................661

Configuration on PE 1 (Local PE Router) ...............................................661

Configuration on PE 2 (Remote PE Router) ...........................................662

Chapter 14 Monitoring VPWS 665

Clearing BGP Attributes for VPWS ...............................................................665

Clearing BGP Reachability Information for the L2VPN Address

Family ............................................................................................666

Clearing BGP Route Flap Dampening Information for the L2VPN Address

Family ............................................................................................666

Clearing the Wait for the End-of-RIB Marker for the L2VPN Address

Family ............................................................................................666

Monitoring BGP-Related Settings for VPWS L2VPNs ....................................667

Monitoring BGP Next Hops for VPWS L2VPNs .............................................671

Monitoring VPWS Connections ....................................................................673

Monitoring VPWS Instances ........................................................................675

Monitoring L2VPN Interfaces for VPWS .......................................................678

Monitoring MPLS Forwarding Table for VPWS .............................................680

Part 6 Index

Index ...........................................................................................................685

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xxiv ■ Table of Contents

List of Figures

Part 1 Border Gateway Protocol

Chapter 1 Configuring BGP Routing 3

Figure 1: BGP Peers .........................................................................................5

Figure 2: Internal and External BGP ................................................................6

Figure 3: Interior Gateway Protocols ...............................................................7

Figure 4: Routing Without CIDR ....................................................................10

Figure 5: Routing with CIDR ..........................................................................10

Figure 6: Transit Service ................................................................................12

Figure 7: Nontransit Service ..........................................................................12

Figure 8: IPv6 Routing over TCP IPv4 ............................................................13

Figure 9: IPv6 Routing over TCP IPv6 ............................................................13

Figure 10: Configuring Neighbors ..................................................................25

Figure 11: BGP Peer Groups ..........................................................................27

Figure 12: Using EBGP-Multihop ....................................................................32

Figure 13: Prefixes Originating in an AS ........................................................51

Figure 14: Redistributing Routes into BGP .....................................................53

Figure 15: Advertising a Default Route ..........................................................56

Figure 16: Setting a Static Default Route .......................................................58

Figure 17: Configuring Aggregate Addresses .................................................59

Figure 18: Advertising a Route When Another Route is Present ....................66

Figure 19: Advertising a Route When Another Route is Absent .....................68

Figure 20: Advertising a Default Route When Another Route is Present ........70

Figure 21: Filtering with Access Lists .............................................................84

Figure 22: Filtering Routes with an Access List ..............................................84

Figure 23: Filtering with AS-Path Access Lists ................................................88

Figure 24: Assigning a Filter List ....................................................................89

Figure 25: Route Map Filtering ......................................................................91

Figure 26: Communities ................................................................................93

Figure 27: Community Lists ..........................................................................96

Figure 28: Configuring Next-Hop Processing ...............................................108

Figure 29: Next-Hop Behavior for Broadcast Multiaccess Media ..................110

Figure 30: Next-Hop Behavior for Nonbroadcast Multiaccess Media ............110

Figure 31: Assigning a Weight to a Neighbor Connection ............................112

Figure 32: Configuring the Local-Preference Attribute .................................116

Figure 33: The Origin Attribute ....................................................................118

Figure 34: AS-Path Attributes ......................................................................121

Figure 35: Configuring the MED ..................................................................122

Figure 36: Synchronization ..........................................................................134

Figure 37: Disabling Synchronization ..........................................................135

Figure 38: Administrative Distances ............................................................138

Figure 39: Administrative Distance and Synchronization ............................139

Figure 40: Backdoor Route ..........................................................................140

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Figure 41: A Fully Meshed Autonomous System ..........................................145

Figure 42: A Confederation of Subautonomous Systems .............................146

Figure 43: Simple Route Reflection .............................................................149

Figure 44: Route Reflection: Logical Redundancy ........................................149

Figure 45: Route Reflection: Physical and Logical Redundancy ...................150

Figure 46: BGP Route Reflection ..................................................................151

Part 2 Multiprotocol Layer Switching

Chapter 2 MPLS Overview 201

Figure 47: Simple MPLS Domain .................................................................210

Figure 48: Label Switching ..........................................................................211

Figure 49: Label Stacking ............................................................................212

Figure 50: Shim Header ...............................................................................213

Figure 51: TTL Processing on Incoming MPLS Packets ................................215

Figure 52: TTL Processing on Outgoing MPLS Packets .................................217

Figure 53: LSP Creation, Downstream-on-Demand, Ordered Control ..........219

Figure 54: LSP Creation, Downstream-Unsolicited, Independent Control ....220

Figure 55: Explicit Routing in an MPLS Domain ..........................................227

Figure 56: MPLS Interface Stacking for the Platform Label Space ................228

Figure 57: MPLS Interface Stacking for the Interface Label Space ................229

Figure 58: LDP Tunneled Through an RSVP-TE Core ...................................242

Figure 59: Flow for Initial Setting of EXP Bits for the First Label Pushed .....256

Figure 60: Flow for Setting EXP Bits for All Pushed Labels ...........................257

Figure 61: Simple MPLS Domain .................................................................259

Chapter 3 Configuring MPLS 263

Figure 62: FEC Aggregation and Equal-Cost Paths .......................................278

Figure 63: Bypass Tunnel ............................................................................285

Figure 64: Differentiated Services over an MPLS Network ...........................297

Figure 65: Associations Between PHB ID, EXP Bits, and Traffic

Classes/Colors .......................................................................................302

Figure 66: Signaled Mapping .......................................................................303

Chapter 4 Monitoring MPLS 311

Figure 67: Sample MPLS L3VPN Topology ...................................................366

Chapter 5 Configuring BGP-MPLS Applications 373

Figure 68: ECMP BGP/MPLS VPN Scenario ..................................................376

Figure 69: BGP/MPLS VPN Scenario .............................................................377

Figure 70: BGP/MPLS VPN Components ......................................................378

Figure 71: Route and Label Distribution ......................................................380

Figure 72: Standard and Extended BGP Update Messages ...........................382

Figure 73: BGP/MPLS VPN Route Exchange .................................................384

Figure 74: LSP Creation for BGP/MPLS VPN .................................................386

Figure 75: Traffic Across the MPLS Backbone of a BGP/MPLS VPN ..............387

Figure 76: IPv6 VPN Services over IPv4 MPLS .............................................390

Figure 77: Inter-AS Topology with VRFs on Each AS Boundary Router ........392

Figure 78: Inter-AS Topology with End-to-End Stacked MPLS Tunnels .........393

Figure 79: Topology for Three-label Stack Configuration for Inter-AS Option

C ...........................................................................................................396

Figure 80: Topology for Inter-AS Option C with Route Reflectors ................398

Figure 81: Inter-AS IPv6 VPN Services .........................................................399

xxvi ■ List of Figures

List of Figures

Figure 82: Site Connectivity in a Full-Mesh VPN ..........................................400

Figure 83: Route Target Configuration for a Full-Mesh VPN .........................401

Figure 84: Site Connectivity in a Hub-and-Spoke VPN .................................401

Figure 85: Route Target Configuration for a Hub-and-Spoke VPN ................402

Figure 86: Site Connectivity in an Overlapping VPN ....................................402

Figure 87: Route Target Configuration for an Overlapping VPN ...................403

Figure 88: Overlapping VPNs on a Single PE ...............................................403

Figure 89: Fully Meshed VPNs .....................................................................418

Figure 90: Hub-and-Spoke VPN ...................................................................420

Figure 91: Import and Export Maps .............................................................421

Figure 92: Configuring Static Routes ............................................................430

Figure 93: BGP/MPLS VPN IBGP Example ....................................................435

Figure 94: BGP/MPLS VPN EIBGP Example ..................................................436

Figure 95: PE-to-CE Session .........................................................................438

Figure 96: Network with Potential Routing Loops ........................................443

Figure 97: Preventing Potential Routing Loops in the Network ....................444

Figure 98: Allowing Local AS in VPNv4 Address Family ...............................445

Figure 99: Topology for Fast Reconvergence by Means of Unique VRF RDs,

Before Tunnels Go Down ......................................................................450

Figure 100: Topology for Fast Reconvergence by Means of Reachability

Checking, After Tunnels Go Down ........................................................451

Figure 101: Static Default Route for Internet Access ....................................457

Figure 102: Fallback Global Option ..............................................................458

Figure 103: Global Import Map Applied to Routes Imported from VRF BGP

RIB ........................................................................................................459

Figure 104: BGP Session Between CE Router and Parent VR .......................460

Figure 105: Static Route to Shared IP Interface ...........................................462

Figure 106: Global Export Map Applied to Routes Exported from VRF BGP

RIB ........................................................................................................463

Figure 107: Carrier-of-Carriers Internet Service ...........................................465

Figure 108: Carrier-of-Carriers VPN Service .................................................467

Figure 109: Carrier-of-Carrier IPv6 VPNs .....................................................469

Figure 110: IPv6 Tunneled over MPLS-IPv4 .................................................470

Figure 111: IPv6 Tunneled Across IPv4 Domains ........................................471

Figure 112: OSPF Topology with Backdoor Link ..........................................476

Figure 113: OSPF Sham Link .......................................................................478

Part 3 Layer 2 Services Over MPLS

Chapter 6 Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview 503

Figure 114: Layer 2 Services over a Provider’s MPLS Network ....................504

Figure 115: Common ISP Network ..............................................................509

Figure 116: E Series Router Replacing Remote ATM Switch ........................510

Figure 117: AAL5 Pseudowire and MPLS Tunnel .........................................510

Figure 118: CE-Side MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG .....................................515

Chapter 7 Configuring Layer 2 Services over MPLS 523

Figure 119: Local Cross-Connect Between Ethernet/VLAN Interfaces ...........527

Figure 120: CE-Side Load-Balancing Topology .............................................536

Figure 121: Sample Frame Relay over MPLS Configuration .........................538

List of Figures ■ xxvii

JUNOSe 11.0.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Figure 122: MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over VLAN over LAG Configuration

Example ...............................................................................................542

Figure 123: MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG Configuration Example .............545

Figure 124: MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG Configuration Example .............549

Figure 125: Ethernet Packet Distribution over Martini Circuits ....................550

Figure 126: Martini Circuit with Two Pseudowires Between PE-Facing

Routers .................................................................................................552

Figure 127: Martini Circuit Deployment for Transmission of Multiple ATM

VCs over a SIngle Pseudowire ...............................................................554

Part 4 Virtual Private LAN Service

Chapter 9 VPLS Overview 569

Figure 128: VPLS Sample Topology .............................................................570

Chapter 10 Configuring VPLS 583

Figure 129: Topology for VPLS Configuration Example with BGP

Signaling ...............................................................................................596

Figure 130: Topology for VPLS Configuration Example with LDP

Signaling ...............................................................................................603

Part 5 Virtual Private Wire Service

Chapter 12 VPWS Overview 639

Figure 131: VPWS Sample Topology ...........................................................640

Figure 132: VPWS Components ..................................................................642

Chapter 13 Configuring VPWS 651

Figure 133: VPWS Cross-Connects ..............................................................656

Figure 134: Topology for VPWS Configuration Example ..............................660

xxviii ■ List of Figures

List of Tables

About the Documentation xxxiii

Table 1: Notice Icons ................................................................................xxxiv

Table 2: Text and Syntax Conventions ......................................................xxxiv

Part 1 Border Gateway Protocol

Chapter 1 Configuring BGP Routing 3

Table 3: Conventions for BGP Terms ...............................................................4

Table 4: Cease Notification Message Subcodes ................................................8

Table 5: Commands Affecting BGP Globally ..................................................18

Table 6: Commands Affecting All Address Families in a VRF .........................18

Table 7: Commands Affecting the Current Address Family ...........................19

Table 8: Commands Affecting All Address Families for the Specified Peer or

Peer Group ..............................................................................................19

Table 9: Commands Affecting Only the Current Address Family for the

Specified Peer or Peer Group ..................................................................20

Table 10: Behavior of Neighbor Commands ..................................................21

Table 11: Inheritance from Other Commands ...............................................22

Table 12: Commands That Do Not Override Inherited Outbound Policy .......24

Table 13: Source Addresses and Default Next Hop Addresses for Various

Configurations ........................................................................................31

Table 14: Commands That Create Match-and-Set Route Maps .......................71

Table 15: Clauses Supported in BGP Match-and-Set Route Maps ...................71

Table 16: Commands That Create Match-Only Route Maps ...........................72

Table 17: Clauses Not Supported in BGP Route Maps ....................................72

Table 18: Set Clauses Supported in Route Maps Applied with the Table-Map

Command ...............................................................................................81

Table 19: Action Based on Well-Known Community Membership .................92

Table 20: Origin and AS Path for Routes Viewed on Different Routers ........119

Table 21: Default Administrative Distances for Route Sources .....................136

Part 2 Multiprotocol Layer Switching

Chapter 2 MPLS Overview 201

Table 22: Conventions for MPLS Terms .......................................................202

Table 23: MPLS Terms and Acronyms .........................................................203

Table 24: TLVs Supported by MPLS LSP ping ..............................................234

Table 25: Sub-TLVs Supported for the Target FEC Stack TLV .......................235

Table 26: Summary of LDP Graceful Restart States .....................................243

Chapter 3 Configuring MPLS 263

Table 27: Configuration Tasks by Type of Network .....................................264

List of Tables ■ xxix

JUNOSe 11.0.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Table 28: Incoming L-LSP PHB Determination ............................................299

Table 29: Examples of Incoming L-LSP PHB Determination ........................300

Table 30: Outgoing L-LSP PHB Determination .............................................300

Table 31: Differentiated Services Mapping ..................................................305

Chapter 4 Monitoring MPLS 311

Table 32: show atm vc Output Fields ..........................................................317

Table 33: show cac interface Output Fields .................................................318

Table 34: show ip tunnel route and show ipv6 tunnel-route Output

Fields ....................................................................................................321

Table 35: show ldp Output Fields ................................................................322

Table 36: show ldp binding and show mpls binding Output Fields ..............324

Table 37: show ldp graceful restart Output Fields ........................................324

Table 38: show ldp igp-sync Output Fields ..................................................325

Table 39: show ldp interface Output Fields .................................................326

Table 40: show ldp neighbor Output Fields .................................................329

Table 41: show ldp profile Output Fields .....................................................331

Table 42: show ldp statistics Output Fields ..................................................332

Table 43: show ldp targeted session Output Fields ......................................334

Table 44: show mpls Output Fields .............................................................335

Table 45: show mpls explicit-paths Output Fields ........................................337

Table 46: show mpls fast-reroute Output Fields ...........................................338

Table 47: show mpls forwarding Output Fields ...........................................339

Table 48: show mpls interface Output Fields ...............................................343

Table 49: show mpls minor-interface Output Fields ....................................347

Table 50: show mpls next-hop Output Fields ...............................................348

Table 51: show mpls phb-id Output Fields ..................................................349

Table 52: show mpls profile Output Fields ..................................................350

Table 53: show mpls rsvp Output Fields ......................................................351

Table 54: show mpls rsvp authentication Output Fields ..............................354

Table 55: show mpls rsvp bfd interfaces Output Fields ...............................355

Table 56: show mpls rsvp counters Output Fields .......................................356

Table 57: show mpls rsvp hello graceful restart Output Fields .....................358

Table 58: show mpls rsvp hello instance Output Fields ...............................360

Table 59: show mpls tunnels Output Fields .................................................362

Chapter 5 Configuring BGP-MPLS Applications 373

Table 60: Route-Target Filtering Advertisement Rules for Routes Received

from Peers ............................................................................................406

Table 61: Characteristics of Import and Global Import Maps .......................422

Table 62: Characteristics of Export and Global Export Maps ........................422

Table 63: Resolution of Indirect Next Hops .................................................454

Table 64: Advertising Action Taken Following Best Route Selection ............455

Table 65: Route Types and Route Origins ....................................................475

Part 3 Layer 2 Services Over MPLS

Chapter 7 Configuring Layer 2 Services over MPLS 523

Table 66: Martini Circuit Scenarios Without Ethernet Raw Mode .................549

Table 67: Martini Circuit Scenarios with Ethernet Raw Mode ......................550

Chapter 8 Monitoring Layer 2 Services over MPLS 557

Table 68: show atm mcpt-timers Output Fields ...........................................558

xxx ■ List of Tables

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