Juniper JUNOSE 11.2.X BGP AND MPLS, JUNOSE 11.2.X Configuration Manual

JunosE™ Software for E Series™ Broadband Services Routers

BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Release

11.2.x

Published: 2010-07-16

Juniper Networks, Inc. 1194 North Mathilda Avenue Sunnyvale, California 94089 USA 408-745-2000 www.juniper.net

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JunosE™ Software for E Series™ Broadband Services Routers BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Writing: Subash Babu Asokan, Bruce Gillham, Brian Wesley Simmons, Fran Singer, Megha Shaseendran, Krupa Chandrashekar, Namrata Mehta, Pallavi Madhusudhan, Chander Aima, Poornima Goswami, Hema Priya J, Sairam Venugopalan Editing: Benjamin Mann Illustration: Brian Wesley Simmons, Nathaniel Woodward Cover Design: Edmonds Design

Revision History July 2010—FRS JunosE 11.2.x

The information in this document is current as of the date listed in the revision history.

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Abbreviated Table of Contents

About the Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii

Part 1 Border Gateway Protocol

Chapter 1 Configuring BGP Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Chapter 2 Monitoring BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Part 2 Multiprotocol Layer Switching

Chapter 3 MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Chapter 4 Configuring MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Chapter 5 Monitoring MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

Chapter 6 Configuring BGP-MPLS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Chapter 7 Monitoring BGP/MPLS VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

Part 3 Layer 2 Services Over MPLS

Chapter 8 Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509

Chapter 9 Configuring Layer 2 Services over MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

Chapter 10 Monitoring Layer 2 Services over MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561

Part 4 Virtual Private LAN Service

Chapter 11 VPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573

Chapter 12 Configuring VPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589

Chapter 13 Monitoring VPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609

Part 5 Virtual Private Wire Service

Chapter 14 VPWS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

Chapter 15 Configuring VPWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651

Chapter 16 Monitoring VPWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663

Part 6 Index

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683

JunosE 11.2.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Table of Contents

About the Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii

E Series and JunosE Documentation and Release Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii

Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii

E Series and JunosE Text and Syntax Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii

Obtaining Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxv

Documentation Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxv

Requesting Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxv

Self-Help Online Tools and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxvi

Opening a Case with JTAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxvi

Part 1 Border Gateway Protocol

Chapter 1 Configuring BGP Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Conventions in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Autonomous Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

BGP Speaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

BGP Peers and Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

BGP Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

IBGP and EBGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Interior Gateway Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

BGP Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

BGP Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Routing Information Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Prefixes and CIDR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Path Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Transit and Nontransit Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

IPv6 BGP Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Exchange of IPv6 Routing Information over TCP IPv4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Exchange of IPv6 Routing Information over TCP IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Link-Local Next Hops in MP-BGP Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Platform Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Before You Configure BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Basic Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Enabling BGP Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Understanding BGP Command Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Inheritance of Configuration Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Limitations on Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

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Setting the BGP Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Configuring Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Configuring BGP Peer Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Setting the Peer Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Assigning a Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Logging Neighbor State Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Specifying a Source Address for a BGP Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Specifying Peers That Are Not Directly Connected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Specifying a Single-Hop Connection for IBGP Peers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Controlling the Number of Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Removing Private AS Numbers from Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Checking AS Path Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Enabling MD5 Authentication on a TCP Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Setting the Maximum Size of Update Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Setting Automatic Fallover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Setting Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Automatic Summarization of Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Administrative Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Configuring BGP for Overload Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Enabling Route Storage in Adj-RIBs-Out Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Configuring the Address Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Enabling Lenient Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Configuring Promiscuous Peers and Dynamic Peering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Configuring Passive Peers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Advertising Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Prefixes Originating in an AS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Advertising Best Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Redistributing Routes into BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Redistributing Routes from BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Configuring a Default Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Setting the Minimum Interval Between Routing Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Aggregating Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Advertising Inactive Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Verifying an AS Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Advertising IPv4 Routes Between IPv6 BGP Peers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Advertising Routes Conditionally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Configuring BGP Routing Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Types of BGP Route Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Applying Table Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Access Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Effects of Changing Outbound Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Advertising Default Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Redistributing Default Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Setting a Static Default Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Advertising a Route Only When Another Route is Present . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Advertising a Route Only When Another Route is Absent . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Advertising a Default Route Only When Another Route Is Present . . . . . 68

Filtering Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Filtering AS Paths with a Filter List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Table of Contents

Filtering AS Paths with a Route Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Configuring the Community Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Community Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Resetting a BGP Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Changing Policies Without Disruption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Soft Reconfiguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Route-Refresh Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Cooperative Route Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Configuring Route Flap Dampening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Global Route Flap Dampening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Policy-Based Route Flap Dampening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Policy Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Selecting the Best Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

BGP Path Decision Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Configuring Next-Hop Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Next Hops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Next-Hop-Self . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Assigning a Weight to a Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Using the neighbor weight Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Using a Route Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Using an AS-Path Access List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Configuring the Local-Pref Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Using the bgp default local-preference Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Using a Route Map to Set the Local Preference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Understanding the Origin Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Understanding the AS-Path Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Configuring a Local AS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Configuring the MED Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Missing MED Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Comparing MED Values Within a Confederation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Capability Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Cooperative Route Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Dynamic Capability Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Four-Octet AS Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Graceful Restarts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Configuring Hold Timers for Successful Graceful Restart in Scaled

Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Route Refresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Interactions Between BGP and IGPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Synchronizing BGP with IGPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Disabling Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Setting the Administrative Distance for a Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Configuring Backdoor Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Setting the Maximum Number of Equal-Cost Multipaths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Detecting Peer Reachability with BFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

BFD and BGP Graceful Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

JunosE 11.2.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Managing a Large-Scale AS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Configuring a Confederation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Configuring Route Reflectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Configuring BGP Multicasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Monitoring BGP Multicast Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Using BGP Routes for Other Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Configuring BGP/MPLS VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Testing BGP Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Chapter 2 Monitoring BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Setting a Baseline on All BGP Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Enabling Display of BGP Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Setting the Default Output Fields While Displaying Summarized Status of BGP

Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Setting the Default BGP Routing Table Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Monitoring AS-Path Access Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Monitoring the BGP Routing Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Monitoring Advertised BGP Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Monitoring BGP Aggregate Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Monitoring BGP Routes with Nonnatural Network Masks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Monitoring BGP Routes in a Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Monitoring BGP Community Routes in the Community List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Monitoring Dampened BGP Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

Monitoring BGP Routes with Matching AS Paths and AS-Path Access Lists . . . . 176

Monitoring BGP Flap Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Monitoring BGP Routes with Inconsistent AS Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Monitoring BGP Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Monitoring Dampened BGP Routes of Specified Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Monitoring BGP Paths of Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Monitoring Prefix List Outbound Route Filters Received from the BGP

Neighbor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Monitoring Routes Originating from a BGP Neighbor Before Application of

Inbound Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Monitoring Routes Originating froma BGPNeighbor After Application of Inbound

Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Monitoring Networks in an Autonomous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Monitoring BGP Next Hops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Monitoring BGP Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Monitoring BGP Peer Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Monitoring BGP Routes with Matching AS-Paths and Regular Expressions for

Single Regular Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

Monitoring BGP Routes with Matching AS-Paths and Regular Expressions for

Multiple Regular Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

Monitoring the Status of All BGP Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Monitoring All Routes in a BGP Community List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Disabling Display of BGP Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Route Reflection and Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Route Reflection and Looping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Table of Contents

Part 2 Multiprotocol Layer Switching

Chapter 3 MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Terminology for MPLS Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

MPLS Terms and Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

MPLS Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

MPLS Platform Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

MPLS References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

MPLS Label Switching and Packet Forwarding Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

MPLS LSRs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

MPLS Label Switching: Push, Look Up, and Pop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

MPLS Label Stacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

MPLS Labels and Label Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

TTL Processing in the Platform Label Space Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

TTL Processing on Incoming MPLS Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

TTL Processing on Outgoing MPLS Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Rules for Processing on an LSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Rules for Processing on an LER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

MPLS Rules for TTL Expiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

MPLS Label Distribution Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

IP Data Packet Mapping onto MPLS LSPs Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Statistics for IP Packets Moving On or Off MPLS LSPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

MPLS Forwarding and Next-Hop Tables Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

MPLS Packet Spoof Checking Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

IP and IPv6 Tunnel Routing Tables and MPLS Tunnels Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Explicit Routing for MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

MPLS Interfaces and Interface Stacking Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

MPLS Major Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

MPLS Minor Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

MPLS Shim Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Interface Stacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

MPLS Label Distribution Protocols Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

LDP Messages and Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

RSVP-TE Messages and Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

RSVP-TE State Refresh and Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

BGP Signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

ECMP Labels for MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

MPLS Connectivity and ECMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Supported TLVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

MPLS Connectivity Verification and Troubleshooting Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Point-to-Multipoint LSPs Connectivity Verification at Egress Nodes

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Ping Extensions for Point-to-Multipoint LSPs Connectivity Verification at Egress

Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

RSVP P2MP IPv4 Session Sub-TLV Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

P2MP Responder Identifier TLV Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Echo Jitter TLV Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Traceroute Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

JunosE 11.2.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

TLVs and Sub-TLVs Supported for Point-to-Multipoint LSPs Connectivity

Verification at Egress Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Echo Jitter TLV Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

P2MP Responder Identifier TLV Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

LDP Discovery Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

LDP Basic Discovery Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

LDP Extended Discovery Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

MPLS Traffic Engineering Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

LSP Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Path Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Reoptimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Methods for Configuring RSVP-TE Tunnels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

Tracking Resources for MPLS Traffic Engineering Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

Starting Admission Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Admission Control Interface Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Configuring Traffic-Engineering Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

LSP Preemption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Topology-Driven LSPs Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

LDP over RSVP-TE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

LDP Graceful Restart Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

LDP-IGP Synchronization Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Synchronization Behavior During Graceful Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Synchronization Behavior on LAN Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Synchronization Behavior on IGP Passive Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Synchronization and TE Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Use of RSVP-TE Hello Messages to Determine Peer Reachability . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Hello Message Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Hello Message Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Sequence of Hello Message Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Determination That a Peer Has Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

RSVP-TE Graceful Restart Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Announcement of the Graceful Restart Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Restarting Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Recovery Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

Preservation of an Established LSP Label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

RSVP-TE Hellos Based on Node IDs Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

BFD Protocol and RSVP-TE Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

Tunneling Model for Differentiated Services Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Pipe and Short Pipe Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Uniform Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

EXP Bits for Differentiated Services Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Incoming Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Outgoing Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Setting the EXP Bits for Outgoing Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

Egress Address P2MP Responder Identifier Sub-TLVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Node Address P2MP Responder Identifier Sub-TLVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Behavior of the Requesting Peer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

Behavior of the Acknowledging Peer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

Behavior of Both Peers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Table of Contents

Point-to-Multipoint LSPs Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Using E Series Routers as Egress LSRs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

Chapter 4 Configuring MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Basic MPLS Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

MPLS Global Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

MPLS Global Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

LDP Global Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

RSVP-TE Global Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

LDP and RSVP-TE Interface Profile Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

LDP Interface Profile Configuration Tasks and Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

RSVP-TE Interface Profile Configuration Tasks and Commands . . . . . . . . . 281

MPLS Interface Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

MPLS Interface Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

LDP Interface Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

RSVP-TE Interface Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

MPLS Tunnel Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

MPLS Tunnel Profile Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

Configuring Explicit Routing for MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

Defining Configured Explicit Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

Specifying Configured Explicit Paths on a Tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

Configuring Dynamic Explicit Paths on a Tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Additional LDP Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Configuring LDP FEC Deaggregation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Configuring LDP Graceful Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Configuring LDP Autoconfiguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

Configuring LDP-IGP Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Configuring LDP MD5 Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Controlling LDP Label Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Additional RSVP-TE Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Configuring RSVP MD5 Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

Configuring RSVP-TE Fast Rerouting with RSVP-TE Bypass Tunnels . . . . . . . . . 295

Configuration Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Fast Reroute over SONET/SDH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Configuring RSVP-TE Hello Messages to Determine Peer Reachability . . . . . . . 297

Configuring RSVP-TE Graceful Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

Configuring RSVP-TE Hellos Based on Node IDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

Configuring the BFD Protocol for RSVP-TE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

Configuring IGPs and MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Configuring the IGPs for Traffic Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

Configuring MPLS and Differentiated Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Configuring the Tunneling Model for Differentiated Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

Configuring EXP Bits for Differentiated Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

Example Differentiated Services Application and Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

Differentiated Services Configuration Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Classifying Traffic for Differentiated Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

Configuring Static EXP-to-PHB Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

Signaled Mapping for RSVP-TE Tunnels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

Preference of per-VR Versus per-LSP Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

JunosE 11.2.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Example Traffic Class Configuration for Differentiated Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

Configuration on the Ingress Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

Configuration on the Ingress and Transit Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

Configuration on the Transit and Egress Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

Configuring Point-to-Multipoint LSPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

Chapter 5 Monitoring MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

Setting the Baseline for MPLS Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Setting a Baseline for MPLS Major Interface Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Enabling and Setting a Baseline for MPLS Forwarding Table Statistics . . . . 323

Enabling and Setting a Baseline for MPLS Next-Hop Table Statistics . . . . . 323

Setting a Baseline for MPLS Tunnel Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

Enabling Statistics Collection for Policies Attached to MPLS Tunnels . . . . . 324

Clearing and Re-Creating Dynamic Interfaces from MPLS Major Interfaces . . . . 324

Clearing and Refreshing IPv4 Dynamic Routes in the Tunnel Routing Table . . . . 325

Clearing and Refreshing IPv6 Dynamic Routes in the Tunnel Routing Table . . . . 325

Tracing Paths Through the MPLS User Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

Monitoring ATM VCs and VPI/VCI Ranges Used for MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Monitoring Global Call Admission Control Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Monitoring Interfaces Configured with Traffic Engineering Bandwidth

Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Monitoring Virtual Router Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Monitoring IP and IPv6 Tunnel Routing Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

Monitoring LDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

Monitoring MPLS Label Bindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Monitoring LDP Graceful Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Monitoring Interfaces That are Synchronizing with LDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

Monitoring LDP Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

Monitoring LDP Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Monitoring LDP Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

Monitoring LDP Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

Monitoring LDP Targeted Hello Receive and Send Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

Monitoring MPLS Status and Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

Monitoring MPLS Explicit Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Monitoring the RSVP-TE Bypass Tunnels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

Monitoring MPLS Labels Used for Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

Monitoring MPLS Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

Monitoring MPLS Minor Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354

Monitoring MPLS Next Hops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

Monitoring the Configured Mapping between PHB IDs and Traffic Class/Color

Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

Monitoring RSVP-TE Profiles and MPLS Tunnel Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

Monitoring RSVP Path State Control Blocks, Reservation State Control Blocks,

or Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358

Monitoring RSVP MD5 Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362

Monitoring RSVP-TE Interfaces Where BFD is Enabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362

Monitoring RSVP-TE Interface Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

Monitoring RSVP-TE Graceful Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

Monitoring RSVP-TE Hello Adjacency Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Table of Contents

Monitoring Status and Configuration for MPLS Tunnels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

Verifying and Troubleshooting MPLS Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an IP or IPv6 Address . . . . . . . . . 371

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an IP or IPv6

Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a Martini Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a Martini Circuit . . . . 371

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an L3VPN IP or IPv6 Prefix . . . . . 371

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an L3VPN IP or IPv6

Prefix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an RSVP-TE Tunnel . . . . . . . . . . 372

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an RSVP-TE

Tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a VPLS Instance . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a VPLS Instance . . . . 372

Packet Flow Examples for Verifying MPLS Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

Packet Flow Examples for MPLS LSPs to an IP Prefix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Packet Flow Example for the ping mpls Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Packet Flow Example for the trace mpls Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

Packet Flows for ping and trace to L3VPN IPv4 Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Inter-AS Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378

Packet Flows to L3VPN IPv6 Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

Troubleshooting MTU Problems in Point-to-Point LSPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-to-Point MPLS LSP Associated

with an IP or IPv6 Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-to-Point MPLS LSP Associated

with an L3VPN IP or IPv6 Prefix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-to-Point MPLS LSP Associated

with a Martini Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-to-Point MPLS LSP Associated

with an RSVP-TE Tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

Troubleshooting MTU Problems in a Point-to-Point MPLS LSP Associated

with a VPLS Instance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

Chapter 6 Configuring BGP-MPLS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Address Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

Equal-Cost Multipath Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

BGP/MPLS VPN Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

VPN-IPv4 Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

Route Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

Distribution of Routes and Labels with BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390

Platform Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

Transporting Packets Across an IP Backbone with MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

Configuring IPv6 VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

Intra-AS IPv6 VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

BGP Control Plane Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

CE–PE Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

JunosE 11.2.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

PE–PE Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

MPLS Data Plane Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

Providing IPv4 VPN Services Across Multiple Autonomous Systems . . . . . . . . . 401

Inter-AS Option A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

Inter-AS Option B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

Inter-AS Option C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

Inter-AS Option C with Route Reflectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

Providing IPv6 VPN Services Across Multiple Autonomous Systems . . . . . . . . . 408

Using Route Targets to Configure VPN Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

Full-Mesh VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

Hub-and-Spoke VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410

Overlapping VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

Constraining Route Distribution with Route-Target Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

Exchanging Route-Target Membership Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

Receiving and Sending RT-MEM-NLRI Routing Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

Conditions for Advertising RT-MEM-NLRI Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

Advertising a Default Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

Route Selection When Route-Target Filtering Is Enabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

Configuring Route-Target Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

Multicast Services over VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Configuring BGP VPN Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

VRF Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

PE Router Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

Creating a VRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

Specifying a Route Distinguisher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

Defining Route Targets for VRFs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Setting Import and Export Maps for a VRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

Global Export of IPv6 VPN Routes into the Global BGP IPv6 RIB . . . . . . . . . 433

Assigning an Interface to a VRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

Defining Secondary Routing Table Lookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

Adding Static Routes to a VRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436

Configuring IGPs on the VRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

Disabling Automatic Route-Target Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

Creating Labels per FEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

Configuring PE-to-PE LSPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

Enabling BGP Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

Enabling BGP ECMP for BGP/MPLS VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

Enabling VPN Address Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

Configuring PE-to-CE BGP Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

Characteristics of Import and Global Import Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Characteristics of Export and Global Export Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

Subsequent Distribution of Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

Creating a Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

Export Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

Global Export Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Import Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Global Import Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

Configuring the IGP in the VRF Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

Configuring the IGP Outside the VRF Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438

Table of Contents

Advertising Static Routes to Customers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

Advertising IGP Routes to Customers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

Disabling the Default Address Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

Using a Single AS Number for All CE Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

Preventing Routing Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

Advertising Prefixes with Duplicate AS Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

Controlling Route Importation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452

Deleting Routes for a VRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

Enabling VRF–to–VR Peering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454

Achieving Fast Reconvergence in VPN Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

Fast Reconvergence with Unique RDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

Fast Reconvergence by Means of Reachability Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

Configuring BGP to Send Labeled and Unlabeled Unicast Routes . . . . . . . 458

BGP Next-Hop-Self . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

BGP Processing of Received Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

Labeled Unicast Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

Unlabeled Unicast Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

Resolving IPv6 Indirect Next Hops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

Labeled VPN Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

BGP Advertising Rules for Labeled and Unlabeled Routes with the Same

AFI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

Providing Internet Access to and from VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

Enabling Traffic Flow from the VPN to the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

Configuring a Default Route to a Shared Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

Configuring a Fallback Global Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

Configuring a Global Import Map for Specific Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

Creating a BGP Session Between the CE Router and the Parent VR . . . . . . 465

Enabling Traffic Flow from the Internet to the VPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

Static Routes to a Shared IP Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

Global Export Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

Carrier-of-Carriers IPv4 VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

Customer Carrier as an Internet Service Provider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

Configuration Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471

Customer Carrier as a VPN Service Provider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472

Configuration Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

Enabling Carrier-of-Carriers Support on a VRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474

Carrier-of-Carriers Using BGP as the Label Distribution Protocol . . . . . . . . 475

Carrier-of-Carriers IPv6 VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

Connecting IPv6 Islands Across IPv4 Clouds with BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

Connecting IPv6 Islands Across Multiple IPv4 Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

Configuring IPv6 Tunneling over IPv4 MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

OSPF and BGP/MPLS VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

Distributing OSPF Routes from CE Router to PE Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

Distributing Routes Between PE Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

Preserving OSPF Routing Information Across the MPLS/VPN Backbone . . 480

OSPF Domain Identifier Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

OSPF Route Type Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

JunosE 11.2.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Distributing OSPF Routes from PE Router to CE Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

Preventing Routing Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

Using Remote Neighbors to Configure OSPF Sham Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482

Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485

Configuring VPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486

Configuring L2VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486

Chapter 7 Monitoring BGP/MPLS VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

Enabling the MP-BGP Events Log Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

Monitoring BGP Next Hops for VPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

Monitoring VRF Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491

Monitoring VRF Routing Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494

Monitoring the VRF Routing Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

Monitoring the VRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

Monitoring Load-Balanced Martini Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503

Monitoring MPLS Tunnels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505

Disabling the MP-BGP Events Log Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506

OSPF Backdoor Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482

OSPF Sham Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483

Part 3 Layer 2 Services Over MPLS

Chapter 8 Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509

Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509

Layer 2 Services over MPLS Platform Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510

Module Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510

Interface Specifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

Layer 2 Services over MPLS References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

Layer 2 Services over MPLS Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

Local Cross-Connects Between Layer 2 Interfaces Using MPLS Overview . . . . . 513

MPLS Shim Interfaces for Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514

Multiple Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

ATM Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

AAL5 Encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

OAM Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517

QoS Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517

Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517

Control Word Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

VCC Cell Relay Encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

AAL0 Raw Cell Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

Cell Concatenation Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

Cell Concatenation and Latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

Control Word Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

Unsupported Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

HDLC Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

Interface Stacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

Encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

Control Word Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

Local Cross-Connects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

CE-Side MPLS L2VPNs over LAG Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

Table of Contents

Ethernet Raw Mode Encapsulation for Martini Layer 2 Transport Overview . . . . 522

S-VLAN Subinterface with an Untagged C-VLAN ID Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

Multiple ATM Virtual Circuits over a Single Pseudowire Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

Guidelines for Configuring VPI/VCI Ranges of ATM Virtual Circuits . . . . . . . 527

Guidelines for Configuring Cell Concatenation and Cell Packing Timer for

an ATM Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528

Performance Impact and Scalability Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528

Chapter 9 Configuring Layer 2 Services over MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

Before You Configure Layer 2 Services over MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

Configuring Frame Relay Layer 2 Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530

Configuring Interoperation with Legacy Frame Relay Layer 2 Services . . . . . . . . 530

Configuring Ethernet/VLAN Layer 2 Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531

Configuring S-VLAN Tunnels for Layer 2 Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532

Configuring Local Cross-Connects Between Ethernet/VLAN Interfaces . . . . . . . 533

Configuring Local ATM Cross-Connects with AAL5 Encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . 534

Configuring an MPLS Pseudowire with VCC Cell Relay Encapsulation . . . . . . . . 535

Configuring HDLC Layer 2 Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538

Local Cross-Connects for HDLC Layer 2 Services Configuration

Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539

CE-Side Load Balancing for Martini Layer 2 Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539

Understanding CE Load Balancing for Martini Layer 2 Transport . . . . . . . . . 539

Configuration of Many Shim Interfaces with the Same Peer, VC Type, and

VC ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540

Example: Configuring Many Shim Interfaces with the Same Peer, VC Type,

and VC ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540

Load-Balancing Group Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541

MPLS Interfaces and Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542

Configuring Load-Balancing Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542

Adding a Member Interface to a Group Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542

Removing Member Subinterfaces from a Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543

Example: Configuring Frame Relay over MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543

Example: Configuring MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over VLAN over LAG . . . . . . . . . . . . 546

Configuration on CE1 (Local CE Router) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547

Configuration on PE1 (Local PE Router) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547

Configuration on PE2 (Remote PE Router) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548

Configuration on CE2 (Remote CE Router) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550

Example: Configuring MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550

Configuration on CE1 (Local CE Router) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551

Configuration on PE1 (Local PE Router) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551

Configuration on PE2 (Remote PE Router) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

Configuration on CE2 (Remote CE Router) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553

Examples: Ethernet Raw Mode Encapsulation for Martini Layer 2 Transport . . . 553 Examples: Configuring S-VLAN Subinterface with an Untagged C-VLAN ID . . . 557

Example: Multiple ATM Virtual Circuits over a Single Pseudowire . . . . . . . . . . . . 559

Chapter 10 Monitoring Layer 2 Services over MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561

Setting Baselines for Layer 2 Services over MPLS Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561

Monitoring ATM Martini Cell Packing Timers for Layer 2 Services over MPLS . . . 562

Monitoring ATM Subinterfaces for Layer 2 Services over MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562

JunosE 11.2.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Monitoring ATM Cross-Connects for Layer 2 Services over MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . 563

Monitoring MPLS Forwarding for Layer 2 Services over MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564

Monitoring MPLS Layer 2 Interfaces for Layer 2 Services over MPLS . . . . . . . . . 566

Part 4 Virtual Private LAN Service

Chapter 11 VPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573

VPLS Protocol Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573

VPLS Components Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574

VPLS Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575

Customer Edge Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575

VPLS Edge Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575

VPLS and Transparent Bridging Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576

Subscriber Policies for VPLS Network Interfaces Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577

Network Interface Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577

Default Subscriber Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577

Modifying Subscriber Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578

Considerations for VPLS Network Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579

BGP Signaling for VPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579

LDP Signaling for VPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580

Targeted Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580

PWid FEC Element TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581

BGP Multihoming for VPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581

Designated VE Device Selection for a Multihomed Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583

Multihoming Reaction to Failures in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585

VPLS Supported Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585

VPLS Platform Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586

Module Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586

Interface Specifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587

VPLS References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587

Chapter 12 Configuring VPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589

Configuring VPLS with BGP Signaling on a PE Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590

Configuring VPLS Instances with BGP Signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590

Configuring BGP Multihoming for VPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592

Configuring Optional Attributes for VPLS Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593

Configuring VPLS Network Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594

Configuring the Loopback Interface and Router ID for VPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595

Configuring MPLS LSPs for VPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596

Configuring BGP Signaling for VPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596

Example: Configuring VPLS with BGP Signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598

Topology Overview of VPLS with BGP Signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599

Configuration on PE 1 (Local PE Router) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600

Configuration on PE 2 (Remote PE Router) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601

Configuring VPLS with LDP Signaling on a PE Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602

Configuring VPLS Instances with LDP Signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

Configuring LDP Signaling for VPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604

Table of Contents

Configuring Routing in the Core Network for VPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604

Example: Configuring VPLS LDP Signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605

Topology Overview of VPLS with LDP Signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606

Configuration on PE 1 (Local PE Router) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606

Configuration on PE 2 (Remote PE Router) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607

Chapter 13 Monitoring VPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609

Setting the Baseline for VPLS Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609

Setting a Baseline for a VPLS Instance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610

Setting a Baseline for a Network Interface associated with a VPLS

Instance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610

Setting a Baseline for the VPLS Virtual Core Interface associated with a

VPLS Instance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610

Clearing Dynamic MAC Addresses from the VPLS Forwarding Table . . . . . . . . . 610

Clearing All Dynamic MAC Addresses from the VPLS Forwarding Table . . . . 611

Clearing a Specific Dynamic MAC Addresses from the VPLS Forwarding

Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611

Clearing All Dynamic MAC Addresses for a Network Interface associated

with a VPLS Instance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611

Clearing All Dynamic MAC Addresses for the VPLS Virtual Core Interface

associated with a VPLS Instance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611

Clearing BGP Attributes for VPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612

Clearing BGP Reachability Information for the L2VPN Address Family . . . . 612

Clearing BGP Route Flap Dampening Information for the L2VPN Address

Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612

Clearing BGP Route Flap Dampening Information for the VPWS Address

Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612

Clearing the Wait for End-of-RIB Marker for the L2VPN Address Family . . . 612

Monitoring VPLS Configuration and Statistics for a Specific VPLS Instance . . . . 613

Monitoring VPLS Configuration and Statistics for All VPLS Instances . . . . . . . . . 614

Monitoring Configuration, Statistics, and Status for VPLS Network Interfaces . . 616

Monitoring Configuration, Statistics, and Status for VPLS Core Interfaces . . . . . 619

Monitoring Configuration, Statistics, and Status for VPLS Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621

Monitoring MAC Address Entries for a Specific VPLS Instance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624

Monitoring Subscriber Policy Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

Monitoring Layer2 NLRI for VPLS Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626

Monitoring BGP Next Hops for VPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629

Monitoring LDP-Related Settings for VPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630

Monitoring MPLS-Related Settings for VPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631

Monitoring VPLS-Specific Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632

Part 5 Virtual Private Wire Service

Chapter 14 VPWS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

VPWS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

BGP Signaling for L2VPNs Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641

VPWS Components Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642

VPWS Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643

Customer Edge Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643

VPWS Provider Edge Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643

JunosE 11.2.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

VPWS and BGP/MPLS VPNs Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643

BGP Multihoming for VPWS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644

Designated VE Device Selection for a Multihomed Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646

Multihoming Reaction to Failures in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648

VPWS Supported Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

VPWS Platform Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

Module Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

Interface Specifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650

VPWS References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650

Chapter 15 Configuring VPWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651

Configuring VPWS on a PE Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651

Configuring an VPWS Instance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652

Configuring BGP Multihoming for VPWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

Types of Interfaces to Configure in the VPWS Instance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654

Configuring Customer-Facing Interfaces in the VPWS Instance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654

Local Cross-Connects for VPWS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655

Configuring a Local Cross-Connect for VPWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655

BGP Loopback Interface and Router ID Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656

Configuring the Loopback Interface and Router ID for BGP for VPWS . . . . . . . . 656

BGP Signaling for VPWS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656

Configuring BGP Signaling for VPWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657

MPLS LSPs for VPWS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658

Configuring MPLS LSPs for VPWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658

Example: Configuring VPWS on Local and Remote Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659

Topology Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659

Configuration on PE 1 (Local PE Router) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660

Configuration on PE 2 (Remote PE Router) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661

Chapter 16 Monitoring VPWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663

Clearing BGP Attributes for VPWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663

Clearing BGP Reachability Information for the L2VPN Address Family . . . . 663

Clearing BGP Route Flap Dampening Information for the L2VPN Address

Clearing the Wait for the End-of-RIB Marker for the L2VPN Address

Monitoring BGP-Related Settings for VPWS L2VPNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664

Monitoring BGP Next Hops for VPWS L2VPNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669

Monitoring VPWS Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670

Monitoring VPWS Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673

Monitoring L2VPN Interfaces for VPWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675

Monitoring MPLS Forwarding Table for VPWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677

Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664

Part 6 Index

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683

List of Figures

Part 1 Border Gateway Protocol

Chapter 1 Configuring BGP Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Figure 1: BGP Peers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Figure 2: Internal and External BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Figure 3: Interior Gateway Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Figure 4: Routing Without CIDR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Figure 5: Routing with CIDR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Figure 6: Transit Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Figure 7: Nontransit Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Figure 8: IPv6 Routing over TCP IPv4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Figure 9: IPv6 Routing over TCP IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Figure 10: Configuring Neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Figure 11: BGP Peer Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Figure 12: Using EBGP-Multihop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Figure 13: Prefixes Originating in an AS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Figure 14: Redistributing Routes into BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Figure 15: Advertising a Default Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Figure 16: Setting a Static Default Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Figure 17: Configuring Aggregate Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Figure 18: Advertising a Route When Another Route is Present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Figure 19: Advertising a Route When Another Route is Absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Figure 20: Advertising a Default Route When Another Route is Present . . . . . . . . 69

Figure 21: Filtering with Access Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Figure 22: Filtering Routes with an Access List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Figure 23: Filtering with AS-Path Access Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Figure 24: Assigning a Filter List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Figure 25: Route Map Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Figure 26: Communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Figure 27: Community Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Figure 28: Configuring Next-Hop Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Figure 29: Next-Hop Behavior for Broadcast Multiaccess Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Figure 30: Next-Hop Behavior for Nonbroadcast Multiaccess Media . . . . . . . . . 108

Figure 31: Assigning a Weight to a Neighbor Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Figure 32: Configuring the Local-Preference Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Figure 33: The Origin Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Figure 34: AS-Path Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Figure 35: Configuring the MED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Figure 36: Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Figure 37: Disabling Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Figure 38: Administrative Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

JunosE 11.2.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Figure 39: Administrative Distance and Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Figure 40: Backdoor Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Figure 41: A Fully Meshed Autonomous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Figure 42: A Confederation of Subautonomous Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Figure 43: Simple Route Reflection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Figure 44: Route Reflection: Logical Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Figure 45: Route Reflection: Physical and Logical Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Figure 46: BGP Route Reflection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Part 2 Multiprotocol Layer Switching

Chapter 3 MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Figure 47: Simple MPLS Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Figure 48: Label Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Figure 49: Label Stacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Figure 50: Shim Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

Figure 51: TTL Processing on Incoming MPLS Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Figure 52: TTL Processing on Outgoing MPLS Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

Figure 53: LSP Creation, Downstream-on-Demand, Ordered Control . . . . . . . . . 228

Figure 54: LSP Creation, Downstream-Unsolicited, Independent Control . . . . . 229

Figure 55: Explicit Routing in an MPLS Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Figure 56: MPLS Interface Stacking for the Platform Label Space . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Figure 57: MPLS Interface Stacking for the Interface Label Space . . . . . . . . . . . 238

Figure 58: LDP Tunneled Through an RSVP-TE Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Figure 59: Flow for Initial Setting of EXP Bits for the First Label Pushed . . . . . . . 270

Figure 60: Flow for Setting EXP Bits for All Pushed Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Figure 61: Simple MPLS Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Chapter 4 Configuring MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Figure 62: FEC Aggregation and Equal-Cost Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Figure 63: Bypass Tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Figure 64: Differentiated Services over an MPLS Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Figure 65: Associations Between PHB ID, EXP Bits, and Traffic

Classes/Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Figure 66: Signaled Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Chapter 5 Monitoring MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

Figure 67: Sample MPLS L3VPN Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Chapter 6 Configuring BGP-MPLS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Figure 68: ECMP BGP/MPLS VPN Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

Figure 69: BGP/MPLS VPN Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

Figure 70: BGP/MPLS VPN Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388

Figure 71: Route and Label Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390

Figure 72: Standard and Extended BGP Update Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392

Figure 73: BGP/MPLS VPN Route Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

Figure 74: LSP Creation for BGP/MPLS VPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396

Figure 75: Traffic Across the MPLS Backbone of a BGP/MPLS VPN . . . . . . . . . . 396

Figure 76: IPv6 VPN Services over IPv4 MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

Figure 77: Inter-AS Topology with VRFs on Each AS Boundary Router . . . . . . . . 401

List of Figures

Figure 78: Inter-AS Topology with End-to-End Stacked MPLS Tunnels . . . . . . . 402

Figure 79: Topology for Three-label Stack Configuration for Inter-AS Option

C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

Figure 80: Topology for Inter-AS Option C with Route Reflectors . . . . . . . . . . . . 408

Figure 81: Inter-AS IPv6 VPN Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

Figure 82: Site Connectivity in a Full-Mesh VPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410

Figure 83: Route Target Configuration for a Full-Mesh VPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410

Figure 84: Site Connectivity in a Hub-and-Spoke VPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

Figure 85: Route Target Configuration for a Hub-and-Spoke VPN . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

Figure 86: Site Connectivity in an Overlapping VPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412

Figure 87: Route Target Configuration for an Overlapping VPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412

Figure 88: Overlapping VPNs on a Single PE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

Figure 89: Fully Meshed VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426

Figure 90: Hub-and-Spoke VPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

Figure 91: Import and Export Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Figure 92: Configuring Static Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

Figure 93: BGP/MPLS VPN IBGP Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

Figure 94: BGP/MPLS VPN EIBGP Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

Figure 95: PE-to-CE Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

Figure 96: Network with Potential Routing Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

Figure 97: Preventing Potential Routing Loops in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

Figure 98: Allowing Local AS in VPNv4 Address Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

Figure 99: Topology for Fast Reconvergence by Means ofUnique VRFRDs, Before

Tunnels Go Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

Figure 100: Topology for Fast Reconvergenceby Means of Reachability Checking,

After Tunnels Go Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

Figure 101: Static Default Route for Internet Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

Figure 102: Fallback Global Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

Figure 103: Global Import Map Applied to Routes Imported from VRF BGP

RIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

Figure 104: BGP Session Between CE Router and Parent VR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466

Figure 105: Static Route to Shared IP Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

Figure 106: Global Export Map Applied to Routes Exported from VRF BGP

RIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

Figure 107: Carrier-of-Carriers Internet Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471

Figure 108: Carrier-of-Carriers VPN Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

Figure 109: Carrier-of-Carrier IPv6 VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

Figure 110: IPv6 Tunneled over MPLS-IPv4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

Figure 111: IPv6 Tunneled Across IPv4 Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

Figure 112: OSPF Topology with Backdoor Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482

Figure 113: OSPF Sham Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483

Part 3 Layer 2 Services Over MPLS

Chapter 8 Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509

Figure 114: Layer 2 Services over a Provider’s MPLS Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510

Figure 115: Common ISP Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

Figure 116: E Series Router Replacing Remote ATM Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

Figure 117: AAL5 Pseudowire and MPLS Tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517

JunosE 11.2.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Figure 118: CE-Side MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

Chapter 9 Configuring Layer 2 Services over MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

Figure 119: Local Cross-Connect Between Ethernet/VLAN Interfaces . . . . . . . . . 533

Figure 120: CE-Side Load-Balancing Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541

Figure 121: Sample Frame Relay over MPLS Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543

Figure 122: MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over VLAN over LAG Configuration Example . . 547

Figure 123: MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG Configuration Example . . . . . . . . . . . 551

Figure 124: MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG Configuration Example . . . . . . . . . . . 554

Figure 125: Ethernet Packet Distribution over Martini Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556

Figure 126: Martini Circuit with Two Pseudowires Between PE-Facing

Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557

Figure 127: Martini Circuit Deployment for Transmission of Multiple ATM VCs

over a SIngle Pseudowire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559

Part 4 Virtual Private LAN Service

Chapter 11 VPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573

Figure 128: VPLS Sample Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574

Chapter 12 Configuring VPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589

Figure 129: Topology for VPLS Configuration Example with BGP Signaling . . . . 599

Figure 130: Topology for VPLS Configuration Example with LDP Signaling . . . . 606

Part 5 Virtual Private Wire Service

Chapter 14 VPWS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

Figure 131: VPWS Sample Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640

Figure 132: VPWS Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642

Chapter 15 Configuring VPWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651

Figure 133: VPWS Cross-Connects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655

Figure 134: Topology for VPWS Configuration Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659

List of Tables

About the Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii

Table 1: Notice Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiv

Table 2: Text and Syntax Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiv

Part 1 Border Gateway Protocol

Chapter 1 Configuring BGP Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Table 3: Conventions for BGP Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Table 4: Cease Notification Message Subcodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Table 5: Commands Affecting BGP Globally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Table 6: Commands Affecting All Address Families in a VRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Table 7: Commands Affecting the Current Address Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Table 8: Commands Affecting All Address Families for the Specified Peer or

Table 9: Commands Affecting Only the Current Address Family for the Specified

Table 10: Behavior of Neighbor Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Table 11: Inheritance from Other Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Table 12: Commands That Do Not Override Inherited Outbound Policy . . . . . . . . 25

Table 13: Source Addresses and Default Next Hop Addresses for Various

Table 14: Commands That Create Match-and-Set Route Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Table 15: Clauses Supported in BGP Match-and-Set Route Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Table 16: Commands That Create Match-Only Route Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Table 17: Clauses Not Supported in BGP Route Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Table 18: Set Clauses Supported in Route Maps Applied with the Table-Map

Table 19: Action Based on Well-Known Community Membership . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Table 20: Origin and AS Path for Routes Viewed on Different Routers . . . . . . . . . 116

Table 21: Default Administrative Distances for Route Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Chapter 2 Monitoring BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Table 22: show bgp summary Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Table 23: show ip bgp Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Table 24: show ip as-path-access-list Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Table 25: show ip bgp Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Table 26: show ip bgp advertised-routes Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Table 27: show bgp ipv6 aggregate-address Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Table 28: show ip bgp cidr-only Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Table 29: show ip bgp community Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Table 30: show ip bgp community-list Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Peer Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Peer or Peer Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

JunosE 11.2.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Table 31: show ip bgp dampened-paths Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Table 32: show ip bgp filter-list Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Table 33: show ip bgp flap-statistics Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Table 34: show ip bgp inconsistent-as Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Table 35: show ip bgp neighbors Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Table 36: show ip bgp neighbors dampened-routes Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Table 37: show ip bgp neighbors paths Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Table 38: show ip bgp neighbors received prefix-filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Table 39: show ip bgp neighbors received-routes Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Table 40: show bgp ipv6 neighbors routes Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Table 41: show bgp ipv6 network Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Table 42: show ip bgp next-hops Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Table 43: show bgp ipv6 paths Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Table 44: show ip bgp peer-group Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Table 45: show ip bgp quote-regexp Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Table 46: show ip bgp regexp Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Table 47: show bgp ipv6 summary Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Table 48: show ip community-list Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Part 2 Multiprotocol Layer Switching

Chapter 3 MPLS Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Table 49: Conventions for MPLS Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Table 50: MPLS Terms and Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

Table 51: TLVs Supported by MPLS LSP ping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Table 52: Sub-TLVs Supported for the Target FEC Stack TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Table 53: Sub-TLVs Supported for the P2MP Responder Identifier TLV . . . . . . . 249

Table 54: Summary of LDP Graceful Restart States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

Chapter 4 Configuring MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Table 55: Configuration Tasks by Type of Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

Table 56: Incoming L-LSP PHB Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

Table 57: Examples of Incoming L-LSP PHB Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

Table 58: Outgoing L-LSP PHB Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

Table 59: Differentiated Services Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

Chapter 5 Monitoring MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

Table 60: show atm vc Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Table 61: show cac interface Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Table 62: show ip tunnel route and show ipv6 tunnel-route Output Fields . . . . 330

Table 63: show ldp Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

Table 64: show ldp binding and show mpls binding Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Table 65: show ldp graceful restart Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Table 66: show ldp igp-sync Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

Table 67: show ldp interface Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

Table 68: show ldp neighbor Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

Table 69: show ldp profile Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

Table 70: show ldp statistics Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

Table 71: show ldp targeted session Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

Table 72: show mpls Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344

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Juniper JUNOSE 11.2.X BGP AND MPLS, JUNOSE 11.2.X Configuration Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual