Juniper JUNOSE 11.0.X MULTICAST ROUTING Configuration Manual
JUNOSe™ Software
for E Series™ Broadband Services Routers
Multicast Routing Configuration Guide
Release 11.0.x
Juniper Networks, Inc.
1194 North Mathilda Avenue
Sunnyvale, California 94089
USA
408-745-2000
www.juniper.net
Published: 2009-12-29
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6,538,518, 6,538,899, 6,552,918, 6,567,902, 6,578,186, and 6,590,785.
JUNOSe™ Software for E Series™ Broadband Services Routers Multicast Routing Configuration Guide
Release 11.0.x
Copyright © 2010, Juniper Networks, Inc.
All rights reserved. Printed in USA.
Writing: Mark Barnard, Diane Florio, Bruce Gillham, Sarah Lesway-Ball, Brian Wesley Simmons, Fran Singer, Sairam Venugopalan
Editing: Benjamin Mann
Illustration: Nathaniel Woodward
Cover Design: Edmonds Design
Revision History
January 2010—FRS JUNOSe 11.0.x
The information in this document is current as of the date listed in the revision history.
YEAR 2000 NOTICE
Juniper Networks hardware and software products are Year 2000 compliant. The JUNOS Software has no known time-related limitations through the year
2038. However, the NTP application is known to have some difficulty in the year 2036.
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Abbreviated Table of Contents
About the Documentation xix
Part 1 Internet Protocol Version 4
Chapter 1 Configuring IPv4 Multicast 3
Chapter 2 Configuring IGMP 43
Chapter 3 Configuring PIM for IPv4 Multicast 79
Chapter 4 Configuring DVMRP 125
Part 2 Internet Protocol Version 6
Chapter 5 Configuring IPv6 Multicast 147
Chapter 6 Configuring Multicast Listener Discovery 183
Chapter 7 Configuring PIM for IPv6 Multicast 215
Part 3 Index
Index 243
Abbreviated Table of Contents ■ vii
JUNOSe 11.0.x Multicast Routing Configuration Guide
viii ■
Table of Contents
About the Documentation xix
E Series and JUNOSe Documentation and Release Notes ..............................xix
Audience ......................................................................................................xix
E Series and JUNOSe Text and Syntax Conventions .....................................xix
Obtaining Documentation ............................................................................xxi
Documentation Feedback .............................................................................xxi
Requesting Technical Support ......................................................................xxi
Self-Help Online Tools and Resources ...................................................xxii
Opening a Case with JTAC .....................................................................xxii
Part 1 Internet Protocol Version 4
Chapter 1 Configuring IPv4 Multicast 3
IPv4 Multicast Overview ..................................................................................3
Reverse-Path Forwarding ..........................................................................4
Multicast Packet Forwarding .....................................................................5
Platform Considerations ..................................................................................5
References ......................................................................................................6
Before You Begin .............................................................................................6
Configuring the Switch Fabric Bandwidth ........................................................6
Enabling IP Multicast .......................................................................................7
Defining Static Routes for Reverse-Path Forwarding ........................................7
Displaying Available Routes for Reverse-Path Forwarding ...............................7
Enabling and Disabling RPF Checks ................................................................9
Using Unicast Routes for RPF ..........................................................................9
Defining Permanent IP Multicast Forwarding Entries ....................................10
Defining a Multicast Bandwidth Map .............................................................10
Using the Autosense Mechanism ............................................................11
How Adaptive Mode Works ....................................................................11
Multicast Bandwidth Map Example .........................................................13
Configuring Multicast QoS Adjustment ..........................................................15
Multicast OIF Mapping Case ....................................................................15
Multicast Traffic Receipt Without Forwarding .........................................16
Activating Multicast QoS Adjustment Functions .............................................17
Configuring Hardware Multicast Packet Replication ......................................18
Supported Modules and Encapsulations ..................................................20
Relationship with OIF Mapping ...............................................................21
Hardware Multicast Packet Replication Considerations ...........................21
Table of Contents ■ ix
JUNOSe 11.0.x Multicast Routing Configuration Guide
Configuring Hardware Multicast Packet Replication ................................23
Monitoring Hardware Multicast Packet Replication .................................24
Port Statistics ...................................................................................24
IP and VLAN Statistics ......................................................................25
IGMP Statistics ..................................................................................25
Blocking and Limiting Multicast Traffic ..........................................................25
Blocking Mroutes ....................................................................................25
Limiting Interface Admission Bandwidth ................................................26
Enabling Interface Admission Bandwidth Limitation ........................26
OIF Interface Reevaluation Example ................................................26
Creating Mroute Port Limits ....................................................................27
Limiting Port Admission Bandwidth ........................................................27
Enabling Port Admission Bandwidth Control ....................................28
OIF Port Reevaluation Example ........................................................29
Deleting Multicast Forwarding Entries ...........................................................30
Monitoring IP Multicast Settings ....................................................................30
Support for Multicast Router Information ................................................39
BGP Multicasting ...........................................................................................40
Investigating Multicast Routes .......................................................................40
Chapter 2 Configuring IGMP 43
IGMP Overview .............................................................................................44
Group Membership Queries ....................................................................44
Group Membership Reports ....................................................................45
Leave Group Membership Messages .......................................................45
Platform Considerations ................................................................................45
References ....................................................................................................46
Before You Begin ...........................................................................................46
Configuring Static and Dynamic IGMP Interfaces ..........................................46
Enabling IGMP on an Interface ......................................................................48
Configuring IGMP Settings for an Interface ....................................................49
Specifying Multicast Groups ...........................................................................52
Assigning a Multicast Group to an Interface ...................................................53
Configuring Group Outgoing Interface Mapping ............................................53
Configuring Access Node Control Protocol for IGMP ......................................54
Configuring SSM Mapping .............................................................................54
Limiting the Number of Accepted IGMP Groups ............................................56
Including and Excluding Traffic .....................................................................57
Configuring Explicit Host Tracking ................................................................58
Accepting IGMP Reports from Remote Subnetworks .....................................60
Disabling and Removing IGMP ......................................................................61
Monitoring IGMP ...........................................................................................61
IGMP Proxy Overview ...................................................................................72
Configuring IGMP Proxy ................................................................................73
Establishing the IGMP Proxy Baseline ............................................................74
Monitoring IGMP Proxy .................................................................................75
x ■ Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 3 Configuring PIM for IPv4 Multicast 79
Overview .......................................................................................................80
PIM Dense Mode .....................................................................................80
Overriding Prunes ............................................................................81
Preventing Duplication .....................................................................81
PIM Sparse Mode ....................................................................................82
Joining Groups ..................................................................................84
Timers ..............................................................................................84
PIM Sparse Mode Bootstrap Router .........................................................84
PIM Sparse-Dense Mode .........................................................................85
PIM Source-Specific Multicast ..................................................................85
Platform Considerations ................................................................................86
References ....................................................................................................86
Before You Begin ...........................................................................................87
Enabling PIM on a VR ....................................................................................87
Disabling PIM on a VR ...................................................................................87
Enabling PIM on an Interface ........................................................................88
Setting a Priority to Determine the Designated Router ..................................89
Configuring the PIM Join/Prune Message Interval ..........................................89
Configuring an RP Router for PIM Sparse Mode and PIM Sparse-Dense
Mode ......................................................................................................90
Configuring a Static RP Router ................................................................90
Configuring an Auto-RP Router for PIM Sparse Mode ..............................90
Configuring an Auto-RP Router for PIM Sparse-Dense Mode ...................91
Configuring BSR and RP Candidates for PIM Sparse Mode ............................93
Migrating to BSR from Auto-RP .....................................................................94
Switching to an SPT for PIM Sparse Mode .....................................................94
Creating Multicast VPNs ................................................................................95
Creating Multicast VPNs Using the Default MDT .....................................95
Multicast VPN Configuration Example ..............................................95
Creating Multicast VPNs Using the Data MDT .........................................99
Data MDT Sources ............................................................................99
Data MDT Receivers .......................................................................100
Establishing a Data MDT Using ASM or SSM ...................................100
Configuring the Default MDT ..........................................................101
Configuring Data MDTs ..................................................................102
Using PIM Sparse Mode Join Filters .............................................................106
Configuring PIM SSM ...................................................................................106
Configuring the BFD Protocol for PIM ..........................................................108
Removing PIM .............................................................................................109
Resetting PIM Counters and Mappings ........................................................109
Monitoring PIM ...........................................................................................110
Monitoring PIM Events ..........................................................................111
Monitoring PIM Settings ........................................................................111
Table of Contents ■ xi
JUNOSe 11.0.x Multicast Routing Configuration Guide
Chapter 4 Configuring DVMRP 125
Overview .....................................................................................................125
Identifying Neighbors ...........................................................................126
Advertising Routes ................................................................................126
Platform Considerations ..............................................................................127
References ..................................................................................................128
Before You Begin .........................................................................................128
Enabling DVMRP on a VR ............................................................................128
Activating DVMRP on an Interface ..............................................................129
Configuring DVMRP Limits ..........................................................................129
Filtering DVMRP Reports .............................................................................130
Configuring DVMRP Summary Addresses ...................................................131
Changing the Metric for a Route ..................................................................132
Importing Routes from Other Protocols .......................................................132
Specifying Routes to Be Advertised .............................................................133
Preventing Dynamic Route Distribution ......................................................134
Exchanging DVMRP Unicast Routes ............................................................134
Disabling and Removing DVMRP ................................................................135
Clearing DVMRP Routes ..............................................................................136
Configuring DVMRP Tunnels .......................................................................136
Monitoring DVMRP .....................................................................................136
Part 2 Internet Protocol Version 6
Chapter 5 Configuring IPv6 Multicast 147
IPv6 Multicast Overview ..............................................................................147
Reverse-Path Forwarding ......................................................................148
Multicast Packet Forwarding .................................................................149
Platform Considerations ..............................................................................149
References ..................................................................................................150
Before You Begin .........................................................................................150
Configuring the Switching Fabric Bandwidth ...............................................150
Enabling IPv6 Multicast ...............................................................................150
Defining Static Routes for Reverse-Path Forwarding ....................................151
Displaying Available Routes for Reverse-Path Forwarding ...........................151
Enabling and Disabling RPF Checks ............................................................152
Using Unicast Routes for RPF ......................................................................153
Defining Permanent IPv6 Multicast Forwarding Entries ..............................153
Defining a Multicast Bandwidth Map ...........................................................154
Using the Auto-Sense Mechanism .........................................................155
How Adaptive Mode Works ..................................................................155
Multicast Bandwidth Map Example .......................................................157
Configuring Multicast QoS Adjustment ........................................................158
Multicast OIF Mapping Case ..................................................................158
Multicast Traffic Receipt Without Forwarding .......................................159
xii ■ Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Activating Multicast QoS Adjustment Functions ...........................................160
Configuring Hardware Multicast Packet Replication ....................................160
Supported Modules and Encapsulations ................................................163
Relationship with OIF Mapping .............................................................164
Hardware Multicast Packet Replication Considerations .........................164
Configuring Hardware Multicast Packet Replication ..............................165
Monitoring Optimized Multicast Packet Replication ..............................167
Port Statistics .................................................................................167
IP and VLAN Statistics ....................................................................167
MLD Statistics .................................................................................168
Blocking and Limiting Multicast Traffic ........................................................168
Blocking Mroutes ..................................................................................168
Limiting Interface Admission Bandwidth ..............................................169
Enabling Interface Admission Bandwidth Limitation ......................169
OIF Interface Reevaluation Example ..............................................169
Creating Mroute Port Limits ..................................................................170
Limiting Port Admission Bandwidth ......................................................170
Enabling Port Admission Bandwidth Control ..................................171
OIF Port Reevaluation Example ......................................................171
Deleting Multicast Forwarding Entries .........................................................172
Monitoring IPv6 Multicast Settings ..............................................................172
BGP Multicast ..............................................................................................181
Chapter 6 Configuring Multicast Listener Discovery 183
Overview .....................................................................................................184
Multicast Listener Queries .....................................................................184
Multicast Listener Reports .....................................................................185
Multicast Listener Done Messages .........................................................185
Platform Considerations ..............................................................................185
References ..................................................................................................186
Before You Begin .........................................................................................186
Configuring Static and Dynamic MLD Interfaces .........................................186
Enabling MLD on an Interface .....................................................................188
Configuring MLD Settings for an Interface ...................................................188
Specifying Multicast Groups .........................................................................191
Assigning a Multicast Group to an Interface .................................................192
Configuring Group Outgoing Interface Mapping ..........................................192
Configuring SSM Mapping ...........................................................................193
Limiting the Number of Accepted MLD Groups ...........................................194
Including and Excluding Traffic ...................................................................196
Configuring Explicit Host Tracking ..............................................................196
Disabling and Removing MLD .....................................................................198
Monitoring MLD ..........................................................................................199
MLD Proxy Overview ..................................................................................209
Configuring MLD Proxy ...............................................................................210
Setting the MLD Proxy Baseline ...................................................................211
Monitoring MLD Proxy ................................................................................212
Table of Contents ■ xiii
JUNOSe 11.0.x Multicast Routing Configuration Guide
Chapter 7 Configuring PIM for IPv6 Multicast 215
Overview .....................................................................................................215
PIM Sparse Mode ..................................................................................216
Joining Groups ................................................................................216
Timers ............................................................................................217
PIM Sparse Mode Bootstrap Router .......................................................217
PIM Source-Specific Multicast ................................................................217
Platform Considerations ..............................................................................218
References ..................................................................................................218
Before You Begin .........................................................................................219
Enabling and Disabling PIM on a VR ...........................................................219
Enabling PIM on an Interface ......................................................................220
Setting a Priority to Determine the Designated Router ................................220
Configuring the PIM Join/Prune Message Interval ........................................221
Configuring an RP Router for PIM Sparse Mode ..........................................222
Configuring BSR and RP Candidates for PIM Sparse Mode ..........................222
Switching to an SPT for PIM Sparse Mode ...................................................224
Configuring PIM Sparse Mode Remote Neighbors .......................................224
Using PIM Sparse Mode Join Filters .............................................................226
Configuring PIM SSM ...................................................................................227
Configuring the BFD Protocol for PIM ..........................................................229
Removing PIM .............................................................................................230
Resetting PIM Counters and Mappings ........................................................230
Monitoring PIM ...........................................................................................231
Monitoring PIM Events ..........................................................................231
Monitoring PIM Settings ........................................................................232
Part 3 Index
Index ...........................................................................................................243
xiv ■ Table of Contents
List of Figures
Part 1 Internet Protocol Version 4
Chapter 1 Configuring IPv4 Multicast 3
Figure 1: Example of Adaptive IPv4 Multicast Bandwidth Detection ..............12
Figure 2: Multicast OIF Mapping ....................................................................16
Figure 3: Multicast Traffic Receipt Without Forwarding .................................17
Figure 4: Packet Flow Without Hardware Multicast Packet Replication ..........18
Figure 5: Packet Flow with Hardware Multicast Packet Replication ...............19
Chapter 2 Configuring IGMP 43
Figure 6: Static and Dynamic IGMP Interfaces ...............................................47
Figure 7: Upstream and Downstream Interfaces ...........................................72
Chapter 3 Configuring PIM for IPv4 Multicast 79
Figure 8: Source-Rooted Tree ........................................................................80
Figure 9: PIM Dense Mode Operation ............................................................81
Figure 10: Detecting Duplication ...................................................................82
Figure 11: PIM Sparse Mode Operation .........................................................83
Figure 12: Shared Tree Versus SPT ................................................................83
Figure 13: Multicast VPNs ..............................................................................96
Part 2 Internet Protocol Version 6
Chapter 5 Configuring IPv6 Multicast 147
Figure 14: Example of Adaptive IPv6 Multicast Bandwidth Detection ..........155
Figure 15: Multicast OIF Mapping ................................................................159
Figure 16: Multicast Traffic Receipt Without Forwarding .............................160
Figure 17: Packet Flow Without Hardware Multicast Packet Replication ......161
Figure 18: Packet Flow with Optimized Multicast Packet Replication ..........162
Chapter 6 Configuring Multicast Listener Discovery 183
Figure 19: Static and Dynamic MLD Interfaces ............................................187
Figure 20: Upstream and Downstream Interfaces .......................................209
Chapter 7 Configuring PIM for IPv6 Multicast 215
Figure 21: Source-Rooted Tree ....................................................................216
Figure 22: Network on Which to Configure PIM SSM ...................................228
List of Figures ■ xv
JUNOSe 11.0.x Multicast Routing Configuration Guide
xvi ■ List of Figures
List of Tables
About the Documentation xix
Table 1: Notice Icons .....................................................................................xx
Table 2: Text and Syntax Conventions ..........................................................xx
Part 1 Internet Protocol Version 4
Chapter 1 Configuring IPv4 Multicast 3
Table 3: Function of Multicast Protocols on a Router .......................................4
Table 4: Adaptive Mode Algorithm Values .....................................................13
Chapter 2 Configuring IGMP 43
Table 5: IGMP Commands .............................................................................47
Chapter 4 Configuring DVMRP 125
Table 6: Sample Routing Table for a DVMRP Router ...................................126
Table 7: Sample DVMRP (S,G) Pair Table .....................................................127
Part 2 Internet Protocol Version 6
Chapter 5 Configuring IPv6 Multicast 147
Table 8: Function of Multicast Protocols on a Router ...................................148
Table 9: Adaptive Mode Algorithm Values ...................................................156
Chapter 6 Configuring Multicast Listener Discovery 183
Table 10: Static MLD Commands ................................................................187
List of Tables ■ xvii
JUNOSe 11.0.x Multicast Routing Configuration Guide
xviii ■ List of Tables
About the Documentation
■ E Series and JUNOSe Documentation and Release Notes on page xix
■ Audience on page xix
■ E Series and JUNOSe Text and Syntax Conventions on page xix
■ Obtaining Documentation on page xxi
■ Documentation Feedback on page xxi
■ Requesting Technical Support on page xxi
E Series and JUNOSe Documentation and Release Notes
For a list of related JUNOSe documentation, see
http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/software/index.html .
If the information in the latest release notes differs from the information in the
documentation, follow the JUNOSe Release Notes.
To obtain the most current version of all Juniper Networks® technical documentation,
see the product documentation page on the Juniper Networks website at
http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/.
Audience
This guide is intended for experienced system and network specialists working with
Juniper Networks E Series Broadband Services Routers in an Internet access
environment.
E Series and JUNOSe Text and Syntax Conventions
Table 1 on page xx defines notice icons used in this documentation.
E Series and JUNOSe Documentation and Release Notes ■ xix
JUNOSe 11.0.x Multicast Routing Configuration Guide
Table 1: Notice Icons
Table 2 on page xx defines text and syntax conventions that we use throughout the
E Series and JUNOSe documentation.
DescriptionMeaningIcon
Indicates important features or instructions.Informational note
Indicates a situation that might result in loss of data or hardware damage.Caution
Alerts you to the risk of personal injury or death.Warning
Alerts you to the risk of personal injury from a laser.Laser warning
Table 2: Text and Syntax Conventions
Represents commands and keywords in text.Bold text like this
Bold text like this
Fixed-width text like this
Represents text that the user must type.
Represents information as displayed on your
terminal’s screen.
Italic text like this
Emphasizes words.
■
Identifies variables.
■
Identifies chapter, appendix, and book
■
names.
Plus sign (+) linking key names
keys simultaneously.
Syntax Conventions in the Command Reference Guide
ExamplesDescriptionConvention
Issue the clock source command.
■
Specify the keyword exp-msg.
■
host1(config)#traffic class low-loss1
host1#show ip ospf 2
Routing Process OSPF 2 with Router
ID 5.5.0.250
Router is an Area Border Router
(ABR)
There are two levels of access: user and
■
privileged.
clusterId, ipAddress.
■
Appendix A, System Specifications
■
Press Ctrl + b.Indicates that you must press two or more
terminal lengthRepresents keywords.Plain text like this
| (pipe symbol)
xx ■ E Series and JUNOSe Text and Syntax Conventions
mask, accessListNameRepresents variables.Italic text like this
diagnostic | lineRepresents a choice to select one keyword
or variable to the left or to the right of this
symbol. (The keyword or variable can be
either optional or required.)
Table 2: Text and Syntax Conventions (continued)
About the Documentation
ExamplesDescriptionConvention
[ internal | external ]Represent optional keywords or variables.[ ] (brackets)
[ ]* (brackets and asterisk)
that can be entered more than once.
Represent required keywords or variables.{ } (braces)
Obtaining Documentation
To obtain the most current version of all Juniper Networks technical documentation,
see the products documentation page on the Juniper Networks Web site at
http://www.juniper.net/.
To download complete sets of technical documentation to create your own
documentation CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMs, see the CD-ROM and DVD-ROM
Documentation page at
http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/resources/cdrom.html
Copies of the Management Information Bases (MIBs) available in a software release
are included on the software CDs and at http://www.juniper.net/.
Documentation Feedback
[ level1 | level2 | l1 ]*Represent optional keywords or variables
{ permit | deny } { in | out }
{ clusterId | ipAddress }
We encourage you to provide feedback, comments, and suggestions so that we can
improve the documentation to better meet your needs. Send your comments to
techpubs-comments@juniper.net, or fill out the documentation feedback form at
https://www.juniper.net/cgi-bin/docbugreport/. If you are using e-mail, be sure to include
the following information with your comments:
■ Document or topic name
■ URL or page number
■ Software release version
Requesting Technical Support
Technical product support is available through the Juniper Networks Technical
Assistance Center (JTAC). If you are a customer with an active J-Care or JNASC support
contract, or are covered under warranty, and need post-sales technical support, you
can access our tools and resources online or open a case with JTAC.
■ JTAC policies—For a complete understanding of our JTAC procedures and policies,
review the JTAC User Guide located at
http://www.juniper.net/customers/support/downloads/7100059-EN.pdf .
Obtaining Documentation ■ xxi
JUNOSe 11.0.x Multicast Routing Configuration Guide
■ Product warranties—For product warranty information, visit
http://www.juniper.net/support/warranty/ .
■ JTAC hours of operation—The JTAC centers have resources available 24 hours a
day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year.
Self-Help Online Tools and Resources
For quick and easy problem resolution, Juniper Networks has designed an online
self-service portal called the Customer Support Center (CSC) that provides you with
the following features:
■
Find CSC offerings: http://www.juniper.net/customers/support/
■
Search for known bugs: http://www2.juniper.net/kb/
■
Find product documentation: http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/
■ Find solutions and answer questions using our Knowledge Base:
http://kb.juniper.net/
■ Download the latest versions of software and review release notes:
http://www.juniper.net/customers/csc/software/
■ Search technical bulletins for relevant hardware and software notifications:
https://www.juniper.net/alerts/
■ Join and participate in the Juniper Networks Community Forum:
http://www.juniper.net/company/communities/
■
Open a case online in the CSC Case Management tool: http://www.juniper.net/cm/
To verify service entitlement by product serial number, use our Serial Number
Entitlement (SNE) Tool: https://tools.juniper.net/SerialNumberEntitlementSearch/
Opening a Case with JTAC
You can open a case with JTAC on the Web or by telephone.
■
Use the Case Management tool in the CSC at http://www.juniper.net/cm/ .
■ Call 1-888-314-JTAC (1-888-314-5822 toll-free in the USA, Canada, and Mexico).
For international or direct-dial options in countries without toll-free numbers, see
http://www.juniper.net/support/requesting support.html .
xxii ■ Requesting Technical Support
Part 1
Internet Protocol Version 4
■ Configuring IPv4 Multicast on page 3
■ Configuring IGMP on page 43
■ Configuring PIM for IPv4 Multicast on page 79
■ Configuring DVMRP on page 125
Internet Protocol Version 4 ■ 1
JUNOSe 11.0.x Multicast Routing Configuration Guide
2 ■ Internet Protocol Version 4
Chapter 1
Configuring IPv4 Multicast
IPv4 multicast enables a device to send packets to a group of hosts rather than to a
list of individual hosts. This chapter describes how to configure IP multicast on the
E Series router; it contains the following sections:
■ IPv4 Multicast Overview on page 3
■ Platform Considerations on page 5
■ References on page 6
■ Before You Begin on page 6
■ Configuring the Switch Fabric Bandwidth on page 6
■ Enabling IP Multicast on page 7
■ Defining Static Routes for Reverse-Path Forwarding on page 7
■ Displaying Available Routes for Reverse-Path Forwarding on page 7
■ Enabling and Disabling RPF Checks on page 9
■ Using Unicast Routes for RPF on page 9
■ Defining Permanent IP Multicast Forwarding Entries on page 10
■ Defining a Multicast Bandwidth Map on page 10
■ Configuring Multicast QoS Adjustment on page 15
■ Activating Multicast QoS Adjustment Functions on page 17
■ Configuring Hardware Multicast Packet Replication on page 18
■ Blocking and Limiting Multicast Traffic on page 25
■ Deleting Multicast Forwarding Entries on page 30
■ Monitoring IP Multicast Settings on page 30
■ BGP Multicasting on page 40
■ Investigating Multicast Routes on page 40
IPv4 Multicast Overview
IPv4 defines three types of addresses: unicast, broadcast, and multicast. Each type
of address enables a device to send datagrams to selected recipients:
■ A unicast address enables a device to send a datagram to a single recipient.
IPv4 Multicast Overview ■ 3
JUNOSe 11.0.x Multicast Routing Configuration Guide
■ A broadcast address enables a device to send a datagram to all hosts on a
subnetwork.
■ A multicast address enables a device to send a datagram to a specified set of
hosts, known as a multicast group, in different subnetworks.
Multicast IP packets contain a class D address in the Destination Address fields of
their headers. A class D address is the IP address of a multicast group. See
“Configuring IGMP” on page 43 and JUNOSe IP, IPv6, and IGP Configuration Guide,
for information about class D addresses.
IP multicast improves network efficiency by enabling a host to transmit a datagram
to a targeted group of receivers. For example, for a host to send a large video clip to
a group of selected recipients would be time-consuming to unicast the datagram to
each recipient individually. If the host broadcasts the video clip throughout the
network, network resources are not available for other tasks. The host uses only the
resources it needs when multicasting the datagram.
Routers use multicast routing algorithms to determine the best route and transmit
multicast datagrams throughout the network. E Series routers support a number of
IP multicast protocols on virtual routers (VRs). Each VR handles the interoperability
of IP multicast protocols automatically. To start multicast operation on a VR, you
access the context for that VR and configure the desired protocols on the selected
interfaces. Table 3 on page 4 describes the function of each protocol that the router
supports.
Table 3: Function of Multicast Protocols on a Router
Protocol Independent Multicast Protocol (PIM)
Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol
(DVMRP)
BGP Multicasting Protocol
The router supports up to 16,384 multicast forwarding entries (multicast routes) at
any time.
Reverse-Path Forwarding
IP multicasting uses reverse path forwarding (RPF) to verify that a router receives a
multicast packet on the correct incoming interface. The RPF algorithm enables a
router to accept a multicast datagram only on the interface from which the router
sends a unicast datagram to the source of the multicast datagram.
FunctionProtocol
Discovers hosts that belong to multicast group.Internet Group Membership Protocol (IGMP)
Discovers other multicast routers to receive
multicast packets.
Routes multicast datagrams within autonomous
systems.
Routes multicast datagrams between
autonomous systems.
4 ■ IPv4 Multicast Overview
Chapter 1: Configuring IPv4 Multicast
When the router receives a multicast datagram from a source for a group, the router
verifies that the packet was received on the correct RPF interface. If the packet was
not received on the correct interface, the router discards the packet. Only packets
received on the correct RPF interface are considered for forwarding to downstream
receivers.
When operating in sparse-mode, the routers perform an RPF lookup to identify the
upstream router from which to request the data and then send join messages for the
multicast stream only to that router.
When operating in dense-mode, routers that have multiple paths to the source of
the multicast stream initially receive the same stream on more than one interface.
In this case, the routers perform an RPF lookup to identify multicast data streams
that are not arriving on the best path and send prune messages to terminate these
flows.
The RPF lookup need not always be towards the source of the multicast stream. The
lookup is done towards the source only when the router is using a source-rooted tree
to receive the multicast stream. If the router uses a shared tree instead, the RPF
lookup is toward a rendezvous point and not toward the source of the multicast
stream.
Multicast Packet Forwarding
Multicast packet forwarding is based on the source (S) of the multicast packet and
the destination multicast group address (G). For each (S,G) pair, the router accepts
multicast packets on an incoming interface (IIF), which satisfies the RPF check
(RPF-IIF). The router drops packets received on IIFs other than the RPF-IIF and notifies
the routing protocols that a packet was received on the wrong interface.
The router forwards packets received on the RPF-IIF to a list of outgoing interfaces
(OIFs). The list of OIFs is determined by the exchange of routing information and
local group membership information. The router maintains mappings of (S,G, IIF) to
{OIF1, OIF2…} in the multicast routing table.
You can enable two or more multicast protocols on an IIF. However, only one protocol
can forward packets on that IIF. The protocol that forwards packets on an IIF owns
that IIF. A multicast protocol that owns an IIF also owns the (S,G) entry in the multicast
routing table.
Platform Considerations
For information about modules that support IP multicasting on the ERX7xx models,
ERX14xx models, and the Juniper Networks ERX310 Broadband Services Router:
■ See ERX Module Guide, Table 1, Module Combinations for detailed module
specifications.
■ See ERX Module Guide, Appendix A, Module Protocol Support for information about
the modules that support IP multicasting.
For information about modules that support IP multicasting on the Juniper Networks
E120 and E320 Broadband Services Routers:
Platform Considerations ■ 5
JUNOSe 11.0.x Multicast Routing Configuration Guide
■ See E120 and E320 Module Guide, Table 1, Modules and IOAs for detailed module
specifications.
■ See E120 and E320 Module Guide, Appendix A, IOA Protocol Support for information
about the modules that support IP multicasting.
References
For more information about IP multicast, see the following resources:
■ A “ traceroute” Facility for IP Multicast—draft-ietf-idmr-traceroute-ipm-07.txt
(January 2001 expiration)
■ RFC 2858—Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4 (June 2000)
■ RFC 2932—IPv4 Multicast Routing MIB (October 2000)
■ RFC 3292—General Switch Management Protocol (GSMP) V3 (June 2002)
NOTE: IETF drafts are valid for only 6 months from the date of issuance. They must
be considered as works in progress. Refer to the IETF Web site at http://www.ietf.org
for the latest drafts.
Before You Begin
You can configure multicasting on IPv4 and IPv6 interfaces.
For information about configuring IP and IPv6 interfaces, see JUNOSe IP, IPv6, and
IGP Configuration Guide.
For information about configuring multicast on IPv6 interfaces, see “Configuring
IPv6 Multicast” on page 147.
Configuring the Switch Fabric Bandwidth
By default, the switch fabric for the Juniper Networks ERX1440, ERX310, E120, and
E320 Broadband Services Routers uses a bandwidth weighting ratio of 15:2 for
multicast-to-unicast weighted round robin (WRR). In the absence of strict-priority
traffic, and when both unicast and multicast traffic compete for switch fabric
bandwidth, the switch fabric allocates 15/17ths of the available bandwidth to multicast
traffic and 2/17ths of the available bandwidth to unicast traffic.
You can use the fabric weights command to change the ratio for multicast-to-unicast
traffic on the router switch fabric. For more information about the fabric weights
command, see JUNOSe System Basics Configuration Guide.
6 ■ References
Enabling IP Multicast
In this implementation, IP multicast works on virtual routers (VRs). By default, IP
multicast is disabled on a VR. To enable IP multicast on a VR, access the context for
a VR, and then issue the ip multicast-routing command.
ip multicast-routing
■ Use to enable IP multicast routing on the VR.
■ By default, IP multicast is disabled on the VR. In the disabled state, all multicast
■ Example
■ Use the no version to disable IP multicast routing on the VR (the default).
Chapter 1: Configuring IPv4 Multicast
protocols are disabled, and the VR forwards no multicast packets.
host1(config)#ip multicast-routing
■ See ip multicast-routing.
Defining Static Routes for Reverse-Path Forwarding
Use the ip rpf-route command to define reverse-path forwarding (RPF) to verify that
a router receives a multicast packet on the correct incoming interface.
ip rpf-route
■ Use to customize static routes that the router may use for RPF.
■ Specify the IP address and subnet mask of the destination network.
■ Specify either a next-hop IP address or an interface type and specifier, such as
atm 3/0. For details about interface types and specifiers, see Interface Types and
Specifiers in JUNOSe Command Reference Guide.
■ Optionally, specify the distance (number of hops) to the next-hop address.
■ Optionally, specify a route's tag number to identify a particular route in the
routing table.
■ Example
host1(config)#ip rpf-route 11.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 atm4/1.1 56 tag 25093
■ Use the no version to remove the static route.
■ See ip rpf-route.
Displaying Available Routes for Reverse-Path Forwarding
Use the show ip rpf-route command to display all available routes, only the routes
to a particular destination, or routes associated with a specific unicast protocol that
the router can use for Reverse-Path Forwarding (RPF).
Enabling IP Multicast ■ 7
JUNOSe 11.0.x Multicast Routing Configuration Guide
show ip rpf-route
■ Use to display routes that the router can use for RPF.
■ Specify the IP address and the network mask to view routes to a particular
destination.
■ Specify a unicast routing protocol to view routes associated with that protocol.
■ Field descriptions
■ Prefix—Value of the logical AND of the IP address of the destination network
and the subnet address
■ Length—Length of the subnet mask in bits
■ Type—Protocol type for the interface
■ Connect—Subnet directly connected to the interface
■ Static—Static route
■ protocol-name—Route learned through the named protocol
■ Next Hop—IP address of the next hop for this route
■ Dist—Distance configured for this route
■ Met—Learned or configured cost associated with this route
■ Intf—Type of interface and interface specifier for the next hop. For details
about interface types and specifiers, seeInterface Types and Specifiers in
JUNOSe Command Reference Guide.
■ Example 1
host1#show ip rpf-route
Protocol/Route type codes:
I1- ISIS level 1, I2- ISIS level2,
I- route type intra, IA- route type inter, E- route type external,
i- metric type internal, e- metric type external,
O- OSPF, E1- external type 1, E2- external type2,
N1- NSSA external type1, N2- NSSA external type2
L- MPLS label, V- VR/VRF, *- indirect next-hop
Prefix/Length Type Next Hop Dist/Met Intf
------------- ---- -------- -------- ------
10.10.0.112/32 Static 192.168.1.1 1/1 fastEthernet0/0
10.1.1.0/24 Connect 10.1.1.1 0/1 atm3/0.100
25.25.25.25/32 Connect 25.25.25.25 0/1 loopback0
■ Example 2
8 ■ Displaying Available Routes for Reverse-Path Forwarding
host1#show ip rpf-route static
Protocol/Route type codes:
I1- ISIS level 1, I2- ISIS level2,
I- route type intra, IA- route type inter, E- route type external,
i- metric type internal, e- metric type external,
O- OSPF, E1- external type 1, E2- external type2,
N1- NSSA external type1, N2- NSSA external type2
L- MPLS label, V- VR/VRF, *- indirect next-hop
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