digital dynamics processor
accent2
release 1.1
FOREWORD 0
Thank you for buying and for using the premium series digital dynamics processor
ACCENT2.
Not only you have aquired the latest generation of digital dynamic range processing,
but also a piece of equipment which is unique in its design and specification.
Please read this manual carefully to ensure you have all the information you need to
use the digital dynamics processor ACCENT2.
The unit was manufactured to the highest industrial standards and went through
extensive quality control checks before it was supplied.
If you have any comments or questions about installing, setting-up or using the
ACCENT2, please do not hesitate to contact us.
The information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice.
This manual is the copyright of Jünger Audio. All reproduction and copying, other than for legal owner’s
personal use, or disclosure of part or whole to a third party, is not allowed without prior written authorization
by Jünger Audio. © Jünger Audio, Berlin 1999-2004
CONTENTS 1
2. Function description ................................................................
2-1
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-3
2-3
2-4
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-6
2-7
2-7
2-7
2-7
2-8
2.1 Basic description ...............................................................
2.2 Block diagram ...................................................................
2.3 Audio signal processing ....................................................
2.3.1 Gain ...........................................................................
2.3.2 Compressor ................................................................
2.3.3 Expander ....................................................................
2.3.4 Limiter ........................................................................
2.3.5 Filter ...........................................................................
2.3.6 Dynamic filter .............................................................
2.3.7 Dither .........................................................................
2.4 Configurable audio path ...................................................
2.5 Insert routing ....................................................................
2.6 96kHz interfacing .............................................................
2.7 Analog inputs and outputs ................................................
2.8 Remote fader ...................................................................
3. Installation ...............................................................................
3-1
3-1
3-1
3-1
3-1
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-3
3-3
3-4
3.1 Unpack the unit ................................................................
3.2 Power supply .....................................................................
3.3 Connections ......................................................................
3.4 Rack mounting ..................................................................
3.5 Operation safety ...............................................................
3.6 Synchronization of digital output .......................................
3.7 Audio connections .............................................................
3.8 Remote Control ................................................................
3.8.1. GPI in / Tally Out ...................................................
3.8.2. Serial Remote Control ............................................
4-1
4-1
4-2
4. Location of parts and controls ................................................
4.1 Front panel ........................................................................
4.2 Rear panel .........................................................................
5-1
5-1
5-1
5-2
5-2
5-2
5-3
5-3
5-3
5-4
5-4
5-6
5. Operation ................................................................................
5.0 Description of operation .....................................................
5.1 Adjustment of parameters .................................................
5.2 Level display ......................................................................
5.3 Gain menu ........................................................................
5.4 Config menu ......................................................................
5.5 Compressor menu .............................................................
5.6 Limiter menu ......................................................................
5.7 Expander menu .................................................................
5.8 Filter menu .........................................................................
5.9 Setup menu .......................................................................
5.10 Recall and storage of presets ...........................................
6-1
6-1
6-2
6-2
6-3
7-1
7-1
7-1
7-1
8-1
8-1
8-1
8-1
8-2
9-1
6. Application notes .....................................................................
6.1 The Jünger Audio dynamics processor priniciple ..............
6.2 Influence of signal delay time ............................................
6.3 Changing the processing characteristic .............................
6.4 Selection of parameters to increase loudness ...................
7. Boot display and trouble shooting ............................................
7.1 Boot display .......................................................................
7.2 Error messages and trouble shooting ................................
7.3 Initialization the unit ............................................................
8. Technical specifications ...........................................................
8.1 Digital signal processing ....................................................
8.2 Digital inputs and outputs ..................................................
8.3 Analog inputs and outputs .................................................
8.4 General ..............................................................................
9. Warranty and service information ...........................................
2. FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
FUNCTION DESCRIPTION 2
BASIC DESCRIPTION 2.1
The digital dynamics processors by Jünger
Audio are high quality devices for adjusting the
dynamic range of digital audio signals in
mastering or studio applications.
All units are easy to use. The operation requires
only a limited number of manual settings to be
made by the user to achieve optimum results.
All other parameters required for inaudible
processing of the dynamic range are
automatically controlled by the program signal
and are constantly optimized.
The dynamic range processor principles
developed by Jünger Audio enable
compressors, limiters and expanders to be
produced with exceptionally high audio quality,
without coloration, pumping, breathing,
distortion or modulation effects sometimes
associated with this type of processor. In short,
almost inaudible pro-cessing - with ease of
use. All Jünger Audio dynamics processors
work according to a multi-loop principle,
operating in conjunction with multiple frequency
linear control circuits. The resulting attack and
release times of the system are variable and
are adapted to the characteristics of the input
signal. This allows relatively long attack times
during steady-state signal conditions but also
very short attack times when impulsive input
transients are present.
The premium series ACCENT digital dynamics
processors are dynamic range processors
which, contrary to their conventional
counterparts, are effective for a wide dynamic
range of input signals (50dB). The
compression of the program signal takes place
evenly over the entire dynamic range, not only
at the top end above a certain threshold level.
The dynamic structure of the input signal (e.g.
dynamic musical changes) are converted
proportionally so that even after compression
the ratios are maintained, only slightly
condensed, providing a transparent, seemingly
uncompressed result.
features
• 2-channel digital dynamic range processor
• accepts input sample rate from 44.1 up to
96kHz
• analog input and output with sophisticated
A/D- converter and D/A-converter working up
to 96kHz and 24bit
• high speed or 2-wire 96kHz interfaces
• configurable audio chain
• insert for digital or analog audio signals
• static or dynamic filter for signal path or in side
chain
stat/dyn, peak/shelv;
FRQ 20Hz...20kHz; Q 0.5...8.0; RNG -15...15dB
• adjustable gain (channel independent) -
15...+15dB
• 2-channel independent or stereo link mode
• adaptive controlled dynamic range processing
expander
on/off, THRS -70...-20dBFS, RANGE -20...0dB,
REL 0,2...4s
compressor
on/off, RATIO 1,0:1...4,0:1, RANGE 0...15dB,
Process 0...9
distortionfree look ahead limiter
on/off, THRS 0...-20dBFS, Process 0...9
• output dither 16 or 20bit
• sample rate conversion 96kHz...44.1kHz
• multiview level display
• optional output remote fader
• user friendly preset and recall function (99
presets)
• RS-232 interface for serial remote control
• GPI interface and tally output for parallel remote
control
operation manual accent2, chapter 2 -Function description- page 2-1
2. FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
2.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM
page 2-2 operation manual accent2, chapter 2 -Function description-
2. FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
AUDIO SIGNAL PROCESSING
2.3
All signal processing is done in the digital
domain by floating point signal processors.
The use of 32 bit word length for calculation
ensures that there is no deterioration in signal
quality, even if an audio signal with a maximum
word length of 24 bit is input into the
processing of the unit.
It is possible to choose different programs
for the Limiter and for the compressor. Each
program provides ideal dynamics control for
a different kind of programme signal
Selecting a particular program PRO 0...9 sets
up the optimum parameters of the dynamics
processor (attack and release times,
threshold levels and interactions between the
multiple signal dependent control circuits) for a
particular kind of programme material.
(In order to understand the basic Multi-loop
principle of the Jünger Audio dynamics
processors please refer to chapter 6.1, for
more information regarding control programs
read 6.3).
GAIN
2.3.1
GAIN means linear amplification of input
signals. The gain can be changed in steps of
0.1 dB , within a range from -15...+15 dB. Gain
amplification is done between compressor and
limiter processing.
The GAIN menu is opened by pressing the
GAIN button.
COMPRESSOR 2.3.2
The compression of the programme signal
takes place evenly over the entire input level
range and not only at the upper end above a
certain threshold level. Dynamic structures of
the input signal (e.g. dynamic evolutions) are
converted proportionally so that even after
compression the ratios are maintained, only
slightly condensed, leaving on the whole a
transparent, seemingly uncompressed sound
impression.
Compression (reduction of the dynamic range
of the input signal to match the dynamic
range of the storage or of the transmission
system) is partly achieved by increasing the
level of low level signals.
The lower the input signal level the higher
the additional gain applied to that input signal
by the compression processing will be.
Independent of the compression ratio , the
gain of the compressor (range) can be
limited (maximum 1 dB to 15dB), so that
there should be no inadmissible increase of
background noises during signal pauses (e.g.
live atmos, air-conditioning, hum and noise).
2.0:1
1.6:1
1.3:1
OFF
ratio
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
[dBFS]-10-20-30-40-50-60
output
input
range
max. 15dB
fig. 2-1:
static characteristics:
compressor
operation manual accent2, chapter 2 -Function description- page 2-3
2. FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
2.3.3 EXPANDER
Below an adjustable threshold level an expander can be activated which can lower the amout of noise
signals. Range parameter describes the maximum attenuation within 6dB input level change below
threshold level.
gate
OFF
6dB
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
[dBFS]-10-20-30-40-50-60
output
input
range
0...40 dB
threshold
level
-20...-60, off
fig. 2-2:
static characteristics:
expander
2.3.4 LIMITER
The static characteristics of the ACCENT2
usually refers to a digital output level of 0 dBFS
(dB Full Scale). This is useful for most
applications of the dynamics processor as the
on-following digital recording system is
supposed to be balanced down to the final bit.
For applications using headroom the output
level of can be adjusted within 0 ... -20 dBFS
in steps of 0.1 dB. The limiter threshold
determines the maximum output level but the
limiter threshold also determines the digital
reference level for the compressor. The static
characteristics of the compressor are related to
the limiter threshold.
The static characteristics fo limiter (solid) and
compressor (dotted) at a limiter threshold of 12 dBFS are illustrated in fig. 7.
For the dynamics functions a signal delay of
approx. 2 ms is built in. This delay makes it
possible to arrange the algorithm of the limiter
in such a way that the control mechanism is
activated before maximum level is reached
(look ahead limiter). Within the rise time of the
signal the peak level is recognised and the
maximum is calculated in such a way that full
scale level is reached precisely without
causing clipping.
audio processing of
compressor is related
to limiter threshold level
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
[dBFS]-10-20-30-40-50-60
output
input
limiter
threshold
0...-20dBFS
max. output
level
fig. 2-3:
basic function:
limiter
page 2-4 operation manual accent2, chapter 2 -Function description-
2. FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
FILTER
2.3.5
The digital dynamics processor offers a filter
for the creation of the desired sound setting or
for creating dynamic range processing (f.i. deesser). The filter can be used in audio signal
path or in side chain. The location of the filter is
to set in CONFIG menu.
The filter can be shelving or peaking type.
Depending on the selected characteristic the
parameter centre frequency , range (filter gain)
and Q are adjustable.
The Q control affects how frequency selective
the gain control is when boosting or
attenuating. On a high Q the gain control has
influence for a small range of frequencies. With
low Q the gain control will boost or cut a whole
range of frequencies.
fig. 2-4:
peaking filter
gain
(boost or cut)
-15..+15dB
frequency
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
[dBFS]
20k10k1k500100
Input
level
Q
0.5...8.0
center
fre
q
uenc
y
fig. 2-5:
shelving filter
gain
-15..+15dB
frequency
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
[dBFS]
20k10k1k500100
Input
level
center
frequency
high
shelving
operation manual accent2, chapter 2 -Function description- page 2-5
2. FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
2.3.6 DYNAMIC FILTER
In dynamic mode the filter activity is controlled
by the audio level. The filter get active only if
the level of incoming audio signal reaches a
defined threshold level. A typical application for
a dynamic filter is the de-esser function.
There are two basic modes for the dynamic
equaliser, dependent on adjusted RANGE
value.
Negative values for RANGE (cut function)
switches into REDUCE mode. In REDUCE
mode signals will be reduced if their level is
higher as the threshold level.
All spectral parts of the signal (selected by the
filter band) which has more level as the
adjusted threshold level will be reduced by the
RANGE value. The level reduction never
comes below the threshold level.
Positive values for RANGE (boost function)
switches into ENHANCE mode. In ENHANCE
mode signals will be increased (or enhanced) if
their level is below the threshold level.
All spectral parts of the signal (selected by the
filter band) which have less level as the
adjusted threshold level will be increased by
the RANGE value. The increased level never
comes over the threshold level.
threshold
REDUCE MODE
RANGE value negative (cut)
frequency level
ENHANCE MODE
RANGE value positive (boost)
threshold
frequency level
2.3.7 DITHER
The digital output signal has a word length of
24 bit. The information of a 24 bits signal is not
more storable linear in most cases. One must
shorten 24 bits data word to 20 or 16 bit word
length.
In order to receive a better sound quality
during cut down the data to 20 or 16 bit, one
must redither the material. This is done by
calculating random numbers (dither signal) and
add a random number to every sample. Then it
will be cut off to 16 bit. As a result, the bit with
least weight (LSB) is put in such a way that it
corresponds best to the information of the last
bits following available ones no more and
makes less distortions as hissing in the signal.
Dither is switched off for digital zero signals
(auto-blacking).
page 2-6 operation manual accent2, chapter 2 -Function description-
2. FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
The audio chain of the processing is
configurable through the user to extend the
possible applications of the device.
Changing the audio chain means to move the
filter block in one of four possible positions.
The selection is to do by calling the CONFIG
menu.
CONFIGURABLE AUDIO PATH 2.4
FLT-EXP-COMP-GAIN-LIM
EXP-FLT-COMP-GAIN-LIM
EXP-COMP-GAIN-LIM
FLT
EXP COMP-GAIN-LIM
FLT
INSERT ROUTING 2.5
It is possible to have an insert for the audio
signal to slave external devices into the signal
path of the unit.
Insert send and return are fixed before the
compressor block.
Insert is not available if 2-wire interfacing is
used. Insert is displayed in CONFIG menu.
INS
FLT-EXP COMP-GAIN-LIM
INS
EXP-FLT- COMP-GAIN-LIM
INS
EXP- COMP-GAIN-LIM
FLT
INS
EXP COMP-GAIN-LIM
FLT
96 KHZ INTERFACING 2.6
ACCENT processor supports two methods of
transport of digital audio signals with more than
48 kHz sampling rate. Both interface modes 2-wire at normal sample rate or high speed
interface- are available. Interface assignment
is to set in setup menu. 2-wire interface and
digital insert can’t be used at the same time.
2-wire = 2 AES/EBU-lines, one for each
channel, clocked with the half of the original
sample rate
high speed = 1 AES/EBU-line with two
channels of audio, clocked with original sample
rate
ACCENT2 processor is equipped with analog
inputs and outputs.
These are made by using sophisticated stateof-the-art A/D-converters and D/A-converters
developed by Jünger Audio. The converters
can run with sample rates up to 96kHz
supporting true 24bit wordlength.
ANALOG INPUTS AND OUTPUTS 2.7
The exeptional high quality of the converter
modules and their reliability guarantees most
accurate conversion for a long term of use of
the unit. ACCENT processor is useful as
standard high-quality A/D-converter for
conversion and processing of audio material
for all existing and future available digital audio
distribution formats.
operation manual accent2, chapter 2 -Function description- page 2-7
2. FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
If a fade is performed before the ACCENT, the
compressor will try to increase the level as the
fader decreases. Therefore the fade must be
done after the compressor. ACCENT is
supporting the performance of hand-fades by
using a remote fader. These fades are
calculated in digital domain. If the maximum
range for the fader is selected the minmum
fader position is digital zero. Activating and
calibration of the fader is to do in the SETUP
menu (see chapter 5).
We recommend to use the MasterFader of
t.c. electronic a/s.
REMOTE FADER 2.8
potentiometer
50kOhm, linear
operation manual accent2, chapter 2 -Function description- page 2-7
3. INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION 3
UNPACK THE UNIT 3.1
The digital dynamics processor ACCENT2 was
carefully packed in the factory and the
packaging was designed to protect the
equipment from rough handling.
Please examine carefully the packaging and its
contents for any signs of physical damage,
which may have occured in transit.
POWER SUPPLY 3.2
The digital dynamics processor ACCENT2 is a
device under the safety category
Schutzklasse1 in keeping with the VDE 0804
standards and may only used with power
supply installations built according to
regulations.
Check the voltage details printed at the rear
panel are the same as your local mains
electricity supply.
CONNECTIONS 3.3
The digital dynamics processor ACCENT2 is
equipped with standard connectors (see also
chapter 4).
Before connecting the digital dynamics
processor ACCENT2 switch the power off at all
connected units.
RACK MOUNTING 3.4
The digital dynamics processor ACCENT2 is
made as standard 19“ unit (EIA format). It
occupies 1 RU (44 mm height) space in a rack.
Please allow at least addititonal 3“ depth for
the connectors on the rear panel.
When installing the unit in a 19“ rack the rear
side of the unit needs some support, especially
for mounting in flight cases.
OPERATION SAFETY
3.5
The digital dynamics processor ACCENT2
should not be installed near units which
produce strong magnetic fields or extreme
heat. Do not install the filter processor directly
above or below power amplifiers.
If, during operation, the sound is interrupted or
displays no longer illuminate, or if abnormal odor
or smoke is detected immediately disconnect
the power cord plug and contact your dealer or
Jünger Audio.
operation manual accent2 chapter 3 -Installation- page 3-1
3. INSTALLATION
3.6 SYNCHRONIZATION OF DIGITAL OUTPUT
The digital dynamcis processor ACCENT2 has
two digital signal outputs. The main digital
output (XLR1, BNC1) can be combined with a
sample rate converter. Working with SRC it
can have sample rate at the output different
from the system clock. If the SRC is switched
off it is following the system clock. The second
digital output (XLR2, BNC2) is following the
system clock allways. The system clock is
following either the sample rate of the selected
digital input or the sample rate of the A/Dconverter.
The sample rate for the A/D-converter can be
set in setup menu. It is possible to use internaI
reference frequencies or external sync.
The requested sample rate for the main digital
output with SRC can be set in setup menu. It
is possible to use internaI reference
frequencies or external sync. In case of using
internal sync for the ADC the SRC can be
synchronized by external sync only. If external
sync is selected the main digital output locks to
the wordclock signal connected to EXT SYNC
input. To the problem-free combination of
following digital devices, the wordclock
reference used for the output with sample rate
converter is available at W-CLOCK output.
SRC
A
DC int Ref
digital input
analog input
ACCENT2
dsp
dig out2
dig out1
ext Ref
SRC
A
DC int Ref
digital input
analog input
ACCENT2
dsp
dig out2
dig out1
ext Ref
SRC
A
DC ext Ref
digital input
analog input
ACCENT2
dsp
dig out2
dig out1
int Ref
SRC
A
DC ext Ref
digital input
analog input
ACCENT2
dsp
dig out2
dig out1
SRC
A
DC
int Ref
digital input
analog input
ACCENT2
dsp
dig out2
dig out1
ext Ref
input: analog, int Ref
clock rates
system/dsp: int Ref
dig out1: SRC, ext Ref
dig out2: int Ref
input: analog, ext Ref
clock rates
system/dsp: ext Ref
dig out1: SRC, int Ref
dig out2: ext Ref
input: analog, ext Ref
clock rates
system/dsp: ext Ref
dig out1: SRC, ext Ref
SRC could be switched off!
dig out2: ext Ref
input: digital
clock rates
system/dsp: input digital
dig out1: SRC, ext Ref
dig out2: input digital
input: digital
clock rates
system/dsp: input digital
dig out1: SRC, int Ref
dig out2: input digital
page 3-2 operation manual accent2 chapter 3 -Installation-
3. INSTALLATION
The ACCENT2 audio inputs are RFI filtered and
with the outputs electronically balanced and
floating. All the audio connectors are via rear
panel mounted connectors. Standard XLR
connectors are used. These are allways wired
to the AES standard:
pin 1 X Screen screen
pin 2 L Live audio 0°
pin 3 R Return audio 180°.
AUDIO CONNECTIONS 3.7
Balanced connections are to be preferred
whenever the other equipment provides
balanced inputs/outputs. All line level
connections should be wired with twin screened
cable for low noise and reliability. The screens
of the cable should be connected at one end
only. Input cable screening therefore needs to
be derived from the signal source end as pin 1
is ground lifted at low frequencies for the inputs.
If the equipment driving the ACCENT2 has
unbalanced outputs then you will need to add a
wire jumper such that the screen connection of
Pin 1 of the XLR is shorted to Pin 3.
If the equipment being connected to the mpx01
have only unbalanced inputs, then we
recommend still to use a balanced (ie. 2 core
shielded cable) cable where Pin 1 and Pin 3 are
connected in the cable ends away from the
ACCENT2.
REMOTE CONTROL 3.8
GPI IN / TALLY OUT 3.8.1
The Digital Dynamics Processor ACCENT2
can be remote-controlled by means of parallel
GPI contacts. Even it can signal specific
device statuses via parallel Tally lines.
use : remote-controlled changeover of
presets or other events
connector: D-SUB 9pin, female
Pin assignments
5 1
9 6
Pin Signal name Logic I/O Functions
1 GPI1 L I as assigned (see chap.5)
2 GPI2 L I as assigned (see chap.5)
3 GPI3 L I as assigned (see chap.5)
4 GPI4 L I as assigned (see chap.5)
5 GROUND Ground
6 TALLY1 H O as assigned (see chap.5)
7 TALLY2 H O as assigned (see chap.5)
8 TALLY3 H O as assigned (see chap.5)
9 TALLY4 H O as assigned (see chap.5)
Electrical specification:
GPI input On: connection to ground
Off: open
min. 50 ms
+1,5V
+3,5V
signal input level L: 1,5V or less, min. 50ms
level H: 3,5V or more
operation manual accent2 chapter 3 -Installation- page 3-3
3. INSTALLATION
Tally output level L: 1,5V or less
level H: 3,5V or more
TALLY OUT
max. 25 mA
+5 V
110 Ohm
3.8.2 SERIAL REMOTE CONTROL (RS-232)
The Digital Dynamics Processor ACCENT2
can be remote-controlled by means of serial
remote RS-232.
use : remote-controlled
changeover
of parameter
protocol: available on request
connector: D-SUB 9pin,
input - male
output - female
Pin assignments
The cable is wired 1:1 completely, the shield of the cable must be connected on both ends!
5 1
9 6
REMOTE IN
Pin Signal name Functions
1 not used
2 TXD in Transmit data
3 RXD out Receive data
4 not used
5 GND ground
6 DSR Data set ready, is high
7 not used
8 not used
9 not used
Electrical specification:
signal in-/outputs TTL-level
page 3-4 operation manual accent2 chapter 3 -Installation-
4. LOCATION OF PARTS AND CONTROLS
LOCATION OF PARTS AND
CONTROLS 4
FRONT PANEL 4.1
fig1: front panel accent2
SELECT /EDIT knob
RESET
mains
switch
multiview display
BYPAS
FILTER
GAIN
CONFIG
COMPRESSOR
EXPANDER
EDIT
display
SETUP
PRESET
LIMITER
GAIN selection/adjustment of gain and balance
CONTROL
ELEMENTS
CONFIG selection of audio path configuration
COMPRESSOR selection of compressor menu
green LED in button lits if compressor is on
EXPANDER selection of expander menu
green LED in button lits if expander is on
LIMITER selection of limiter menu
green LED in button lits if limiter is on
FILTER selection of filter menu
green LED in button lits if filter is on
SELECT/EDIT selection and adjustment (push or turn)
of processing and setup parameters
PRESET selection of preset menu
SETUP selection of setup and utility menus
RESET reset for peak hold and overload indicators
BYPASS switch for general bypass of the unit
Operation manual ACCENT2, chapter 4 -location of parts and controls - page 4-1
4. LOCATION OF PARTS AND CONTROLS
4.2 REAR PANEL
accent2
ANALOG INPUT
LEFT RIGHTLEVEL
RIGHTLEVEL
ANALOG OUTPUT
LEFT
DIGITAL OUTPUT
BNC2
BNC1
XLR1
XLR2
DIGITAL INPUT
BNC2
BNC1
XLR1
XLR2
230 V
50 Hz
200 mA
GPI
REMOTE
SYNC IN
WCLK OUT
FADER
DIGITAL INPUTS
ANALOG
OUTPUTS
SYNC
IN/OUT
ANALOG
INPUTS
DIGITAL OUTPUTS
SERIAL
REMOTE
FADER
GPI
REMOTE/
TALLY
fig. 2: rear panel ACCENT2
POWER INPUT
IEC mains input connector 100-240V, 50/60 Hz with integrated fuse
REMOTE
serial remote interface RS-232
connector: 9pin SUB-D, female
GPI
parallel remote interface GPI in/TALLY out
connector: 9pin SUB-D, female, TTL-level
SYNC
EXT SYNC
input for external sync signal
wordclock, TTL level, 1 kOhm, unbal.
connector: BNC socket,
W-CLOCK
output for sync signal
wordclock, TTL level, unbal.
connector: BNC socket
FADER
input for remote fader
connector: 6.3 mm phone plug
DIGITAL IN
input for AES/EBU standard format
connector: XLR female panel jack, 1- ground, 2-3 signal, balanced
connector: BNC socket 75 Ohm, unbalanced
DIGITAL OUT
output for AES/EBU standard format
connector: XLR male panel jack, 1- ground, 2-3 signal, balanced , 4 Vpp
connector: BNC socket 75 Ohm, unbalanced, 0.5V pp
ANALOG IN
input for analog audio signals
connector: XLR female panel jack, 1- ground, 2- hot, 3- cold, 10kOhm, floating balanced
ANALOG OUT
output for analog audio signals
connector: XLR male panel jack, 1- ground, 2- hot, 3- cold, 50Ohm, floating balanced
page 4-2 Operation manual ACCENT2, chapter 4 -location of parts and controls -
5. OPERATION
OPERATION 5
DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIONS 5.0
The use of the digital dynamics processor ACCENT is very easy.
The setup or the programming of the digital dynamics processor ACCENT is made by adjustment of
various parameters and settings.
The description is made related to the functions in the menus.
5.1 adjustment of parameters
5.2 level display
5.3 gain menu
5.4 config menu
5.5 compressor menu
5.6 limiter menu
5.7 expander menu
5.8 filter menu
5.9 setup menu
5.10 recall and storage of presets
Following syntax is used: SYMBOL ACTIVITY
describes
action or function of
button or
rotary knob
ADJUSTMENT OF PARAMETERS in all menus 5.1
After selection of one of the menus by pushing any of the buttons GAIN, CONFIG, COMPRESSOR,
LIMITER, EXPANDER, FILTER, PRESET or SETUP one can adjust displayed parameters.
SELECT switches between parameter selection and
parameter adjustment mode, selected
parameter or value is highlighted by arrows on display
SELECT change of parameter selection or
adjustment of selected parameter value (see menu explanation)
Each time SETUP button is pushed it opens next setup menu.
describes
how to use
button or
rotary knob
push
turn
p
ush + turn
p
ush
p
ush
turn
Operation manual accent2, chapter 5 -Operation- page 5-1
5. OPERATION
5.2 LEVEL DISPLAY
Multiview level display shows input level, output level and all gain changing of the different processing
blocks of both channels.
overload insert return
overload insert send
input left+right
output left+right
stereo
SRC
dither
compression gain
dynamic filter activity
expander reduction
limiter reduction
RESET reset of peak hold
5.3 GAIN MENU (gain button)
Gain menu shows gain setting for both channels.
Adjustments are made by pushing and turning SELECT knob (see 5.1).
PR GAIN BAL
-- 0.0 L R 0.0
PR: number of current preset
GAIN: linear gain -15.0 ... +15.0 dB
BAL: balance between left and right channel
in stereo mode
GAIN L and GAIN R
independent gain setting for each channel
-15.0 ... +15.0 dB
in 2-channel mode
5.4 CONFIG MENU (config button)
p
ush
Config menu shows signal path configuration for both channels.
Changes are made by turning the SELECT knob (see 5.1). Disactivated function blocks are shown in
small letters.
example: exp CMP GAIN LIM
FIL
page 5-2 Operation manual accent2, chapter 5 -Operation-
5. OPERATION
COMPRESSOR MENU (compressor button) 5.5
Compressor menu shows compressor settings.
Adjustments are made by pushing and turning SELECT knob (see 5.1).
CMP RATIO RANGE PRO
ON 1.8 6 5
CMP: compressor on/off
(by pushing SELECT knob, green LED in button
lits if function block is switched on)
RATIO: compressor ratio 1.0:1 ...4.0:1 in 13 steps
RANGE: compression range (maximum compression
gain) 0 ... +15 dB
PRO: adjustment of processing characteristic
(range of time constant values for adaptive
processing) for optimum processing results
from 0 (very fast) to 9 (very slow)
> see application notes!
LIMITER MENU (limiter button) 5.6
Limiter menu shows limiter settings.
Adjustments are made by pushing and turning SELECT knob (see 5.1).
LIM THRS PRO
ON -9.0 1
LIM: limiter on/off
(by pushing SELECT knob, green LED in button
lits if function block is switched on)
THRS: limiter threshold level -20 ... 0 dBFS
PRO: adjustment of processing characteristic
(range of time constant values for adaptive
processing) for optimum processing results
from 0 (very fast) to 9 (very slow)
> see application notes!
EXPANDER MENU (expander button) 5.7
Expander menu shows expander settings.
Adjustments are made by pushing and turning SELECT knob (see 5.1).
EXP THRSH RANGE REL
ON -32 31 2.0
EXP: expander on/off
(by pushing SELECT knob, green LED in button
lits if function block is switched on)
THRSH: expander threshold -60...-20dBFS
RANGE: expander range 0...+40 dB, GATE
REL: expander release time 0.2 ... 4 sec
Operation manual accent2, chapter 5 -Operation- page 5-3
5. OPERATION
5.8 FILTER MENU (filter button)
Filter menu shows filter settings.
Adjustments are made by pushing and turning SELECT knob (see 5.1).
FLT MODE DYNAMIC >>
ON PEAK ON
first page
FLT: filter on/off
(by pushing SELECT knob, green LED in button
lits if function block is switched on)
MODE: low shelving / peaking / high shelving
DYNAMIC: dynamic filter mode on/off
>>: switches to second page
FREQ Q RANGE THRSH
20 0.4 4.2 -32
second page
FREQ: filter frequency 20...20.000 Hz
Q: filter Q-factor 0.4...9.9 (only for peaking filter)
RANGE: cut or boost -15.0...+15.0 dB
THRSH: threshold -50...0 dBFS (only for dynamic
filter mode)
5.9 SETUP MENU (setup button)
For opening, selection and setting of the UTILITY menus.
Adjustments are made by pushing and turning SELECT knob (see 5.1).
SETUP for opening and selection of utitlity menus
p
ush
Interface assignment
Link
Output format
Display adjustment
Fader setup
Tally setup
GPI setup
Software version
page 5-4 Operation manual accent2, chapter 5 -Operation-
5. OPERATION
Interface assignment
INPUT selection of input source
ANALOG, XLR-1, XLR-2, BNC-1, BNC-2, 2-Wire
INSERT selection of insert connectors (send&return)
off, ANALOG, XLR-2, BNC-2
OUTPUT selection of output mode
normal, 2-Wire
if analog input is selected next menu is
SYNC MODE selection of sync for A/D-converter (also system clock rate)
internal 44.1, 48, 88.2, 96,
INPUT XLR1 (AES/EBU), INPUT EXT (WCLK)
Link
LINK stereo / 2-channel mode
Output format (for XLR1 and BNC1 only)
SRC setting of output sample rate
off, 44.1, 48, 88.2, 96, ext
(Internal reference is available only if ADC is clocked to
external
sync!)
Note: If SRC is switched on, channel status bits will be set to
professional status automatically! If SRC is switched off
channel status bits will not reset. If transparent
(recommended) or consumer status is required, it is to set
individual.
DITHER setting of output word length
off, 20bit, 16bit
STATUS setting of channel status bits
trans (transparent), prof (professional), cons (consumer)
Display adjustment
PEAKHLD peakhold function
on, off
CONTR display contrast
Fader setup
FADE fader on/off, if fader is on current fader position is on display
on, off, fader position display: 00...mute
RNG range of attenuation in dBFS
-10, -20, -40, max (digital zero)
CAL fader calibration
MAX calibration of maximum fader position (push SELECT knob the
if fader is at maximum position) > ok
MIN calibration of minimum fader position(push SELECT knob the
if fader is at minimum position) > ok
Tally assignment
ACCENT has four tally outputs. Following events can be assigned to these outputs (output is
logical high if event is present):
preset 1, preset 2, preset 3, preset 4
bypass on, sync ok, limiter active,
clip (overload, static display, 4 words full scale FFFF),
fader on (fader start)
Operation manual accent2, chapter 5 -Operation- page 5-5
5. OPERATION
GPI assignment
ACCENT has four GPI inputs for remote control. Following functions can be assigned to these
inputs (on if GPI input is switched to ground):
preset 1, preset 2, preset 3, preset 4
bypass on, compressor on, limiter on,
expander on, filter on, reset (clip display)
GPI is overwriting front panel settings.
Software version
display of software version D: dsp software C: controller software
5.10 RECALL AND STORAGE OF PRESETS (preset button)
All individual settings for the signal processing and the status of the unit can be stored as presets.
99 presets are storable into the unit.
Adjustments are made by pushing and turning SELECT knob (see 5.1).
PR LOAD RECALL SAVE
20 ________________
number of
selected preset
preset name max.
16 characters
LOAD is recalling the processing parameter only
(expander, filter, compressor, gain, limiter)
RECALL is recalling the processing parameter
and
the status of the unit
(expander, filter, compressor, gain, limiter
and configuration, input and output setup,
link, display, fader setup, GPI and tally
assignment)
Load/recall procedure
PRESET selection of PRESET menu
p
ush
SELECT selection of LOAD or RECALL mode
SELECT switches to preset number selection
turn
SELECT selection of preset number for loading or
recalling preset
push
turn
SELECT executes loading or recalling of preset,
exit preset menu
push
Push any other function button for leaving the preset menu without loading or recalling presets.
page 5-6 Operation manual accent2, chapter 5 -Operation-
5. OPERATION
Save procedure
PRESET selection of PRESET menu
p
ush
SELECT selection of SAVE mode
SELECT switches to preset number selection
turn
SELECT selection of preset number for saving preset
push
SELECT switches to name edit window
ok position, default preset name
turn
SELECT selection of character edit position
SELECT switches to character position
SELECT selection of character
SELECT switches to ok or character position selection
SELECT selection of OK
push
turn
push
turn
push
turn
SELECT executes saving of preset,
exit preset menu
push
Push any other function button for leaving the preset menu without saving presets.
Operation manual accent2, chapter 5 -Operation- page 5-7
6. APPLICATION NOTES
operation manual accent2, chapter 6-Application notes- page 6-1
APPLICATION NOTES 6
THE JÜNGER AUDIO DYNAMICS PROCESSOR PRINCIPLE 6.1
A change in the dynamic range of an audio
signal is a non-linear process. The gain of a
dynamic range processor is not constant as it is
with the gain of a linear amplifier. The gain
varies in time depending on the input signal and
depending on the specific control algorithm of
the dynamics processor. These variations in the
gain, which represent the real control process,
should take place without any bothersome side
effects such as pumping, signal distortion,
sound colouration or noise modulation, which
means they should be inaudible.
The main problem here is to react to fast
changes in the audio signal (transients) without
the control process being audible and
disturbing. The ability of a dynamic range
processor to react to rapid amplitude changes
depends directly on its attack time.
Long attack times do not cause modulation
distortions, but lead to overshoots because the
system is not fast enough to reduce the gain. A
short attack time minimizes the amplitude and
time of a possible overshoot, but a rapid gain
change has audible side effects such as "
clicks" caused by modulation products.
Traditional compressor and limiter designs only
have one control circuit with corresponding
attack and release times, which have to be
adjusted manually by the user. An optimal
setting of all parameters for dynamic range
processing with as little disturbance as possible
must be determined by listening and
comparing.
A lot of experience and also a lot of time is
necessary to get sufficient results. These
parameters , once found, are only the right
choice for a certain programme signal and must
be changed for other signals.
Dynamic range processors which split the audio
frequency spectrum into several bands, i.e.
which have a multi-band structure, have some
advantages over traditional compressor
designs. The dynamic control parameters in
each band are independent of one another and
can be set in such a way that a broad program
range can be processed well. Disruptive side
effects such as pumping and breathing can
largely be avoided. The disadvantage of this
system lies in the problem of rebuilding the
output signal, which is the sum of all filters
including those where dynamic changes have
taken place as part of the control process. The
output signal is always coloured and deviates
from the input signal in sound.
multi-loop principle
The dynamic range processor principle
developed by Jünger Audio makes it possible
to realise dynamics processors (compressor,
limiter, expander) with very high audio quality,
without signal discolouration, pumping or
breathing, without distortion and modulation
products - in short, with almost inaudible
processing - and they are very easy to use.
The Jünger Audio dynamics processors work
according to a Multi-loop principle, operating
with an interaction between several frequency
linear control circuits. The resulting attack and
release times of this system are variable and
adapted to the evolution of the input signal.
This allows relatively long attack times during
steady-state signal conditions but also very
short attack times when there are impulsive
input transients.
traditional compressor and limiter designs
delay time
The Multi-loop structure also permits a short
time delay between the control circuit and the
gain changing element. The gain control circuit
has time to preview the signal and become
active before it reaches the output. This is
particularly important for the limiter, which
provides a precisely leveled output signal
absolutely free of overshoots (clipping).
multi-band structure
With a digital signal processor, a large number
of parameters of the audio signal are evaluated
and there is a permanent, automatic
optimisation of the parameters of all control
circuits.
6. APPLICATION NOTES
A A
f
delay
1
1
2
2
n
m
f
Multi - Band
Multi - Loop
fig. 1:
basic principles of
dynamic range
processors
6.2 INFLUENCE OF SIGNAL DELAY TIME
The audio signal delay through the dynamics
processor is approx. 2ms @ 44.1/48kHz or
1ms @ 88.2/96kHz due to delaying of the
audio signal using internal memory. A small
delay is deliberately introduced to the audio
signal in order to allow limiter and compressor
algorithms which can 'preview' the audio
signal before changing it. That is the signal
curve can be changed before maximum level is
reached. (see chapter 2.3.5).
This delay must be considered before
attempting to mix signals processed by the
dynamics processor with other undelayed
signals.
When mixing together a delayed signal and a
direct signal there may be cancellation of the
signal waveform at some frequencies and reinforcement of the waveform at other
frequencies (comb filter effect). Corresponding
2ms or 1ms delay of direct signals should
therefore be carried out before mixing them
with delayed processed signals.
6.3 CHANGING THE PROCESSING CHARACTERISTIC
The basic Multi-Loop principle of Jünger Audio
dynamics processors operates with adaption of
dynamic range control parameters to the
incoming audio signal. That means permanently
analysis and calculation of attack times, release
times , thresholds and interaction parameters of
several frequency linear control circuits.
(please refer to chapter 6.1 also)
For some of the control parameters it is
possible to define a limited range of time
constant values which is allowed for the
adaptive dynamic range algorithms. Inside this
range the time constants can be varied by the
adaptive processing. Setting the range of time
constant values may be sometimes useful, to
get the best signal processing performance
regarding specific programme material.
page 6-2 operation manual accent2, chapter 6-Application notes-
6. APPLICATION NOTES
Parameter related to the transient response of
the control circuit are important for distortionfree
processing. These time constants are allways
adaptive controlled without remarkable
limitation of parameter range. This is caused by
the presence of transient pulses in allmost each
kind of programme material. The algorithm has
to guarantee best reaction for fast increasing
level of transient signals anytime even if
classical music with slow dying out
characteristic is processed. In all cases the
attack time of the limiter for very short transients
is zero.
Especially the release time of the control circuit
has more influence to the increase of loudness
as any other parameter. The ranging of time
constants in processing time groups reflects
this fact. The range for processing time shows
influence on release time parameter mostly.
The selection of the parameter PRO in the
limiter or compressor edit menu changes the
range of time constant values as follows:
parameter range of corresponds
PRO processing time to former preset
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0 2 ms to 0.2 sec
1 5 ms to 0.5 sec
2 10 ms to 0.8 sec
3 15 ms to 1.2 sec SPEECH
4 30 ms to 2.5 sec POP
5 50 ms to 3.5 sec
6 70 ms to 5.0 sec UNIVERSAL
7 100 ms to 6.0 sec
8 150 ms to 8.0 sec CLASSIC
9 250 ms to 10.0 sec
SELECTION OF PARAMETERS TO INCREASE LOUDNESS 6.4
Signal compression and the loudness
enhancement of the digital audio signal
resulting from it can be achieved by combining
two dynamic range control processes: firstly,
the compression achieved by increasing small
and medium signal levels and secondly, linear
amplification combined with the inaudible
limitation of individual, remaining peak levels
with the limiter.
In the gain change mode the operation of
compressor and limiter can be observed on the
display. For smaller signal levels the
compressor causes additional amplification
which however decreases the higher the signal
level is . With full scale levels the compressor is
practically ineffective so that even an increase
of the RATIO will have no effect.
If you now increase the linear amplification
GAIN, individual peak levels are raised above
the limiter threshold and limited inaudibly. All
other signal components can however be
increased. If the gain is too large also medium
levels are treated by the limiter, which means
that the limiter then reduces the signals
continually and again reduces the additionally
applied amplification.
The display for Limiter-Gain-Reduction should
be in the region of 0...-4...-6 dB and should not
light up red continuously, so that a dynamic
limitation only applies to signal peaks. Then the
signal compression and therefore also the
increase of loudness is at its most effective.
operation manual accent2, chapter 6-Application notes- page 6-3
7. BOOT DISPLAY AND TROUBLE SHOOTING
BOOT DISPLAY AND
T
ROUBLE SHOOTING 7 BLE SHOOTING 7
BOOT DISPLAY 7.1 BOOT DISPLAY 7.1
display display meaning / explanation meaning / explanation
DYNAMICS
PROCESSOR
display of model
C: x.x display of loaded controller software version
D: x.x display of loaded dsp software version
ERROR MESSAGES AND TROUBLE SHOOTING 7.2
display error / message remedies
NO SYNC no sync at sync input! ! connect the sync input
(selectable in signal
processing setup menu) with
valid input signal
INITIALIZATION OF THE UNIT 7.3
Should have remained the device no more
operable and/or in the program execution,
recommends itself an initialization the device.
During initialization, all storage areas important
for the program and registers are loaded with
the factory setup and the program is restarted.
Any button is to be held pressed in order to
initialize the device during switch-on.
After the unit is started escorted by the
completion of the displays (how described in
7.1), the device is ready for operation with the
factory setup.
After an initialization of the device, all user
presets and adjustments are erased and/or
overwritten by the factory setup!
Operation manual accent2, chapter 7 -Boot display and trouble shooting- page 7-1
8. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
T
ECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 8
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 8.1
sampling rate 44.1 kHz ... 96 kHz
audio data format 24-bit (AES/EBU)
dither TPDF type, 16bit, 20bit
channel status bits transparent or conversion to consumer
or professional
sample rate converter asynchronous 44.1 kHz ... 96 kHz,
24bit, THD+N: -110dB
processing delay 2ms (44.1/48kHz), 1ms (88.2/96kHz)
DIGITAL INPUTS AND OUTPUTS 8.2
AES/EBU
connector XLR, 5Vpp / 110 Ohm, balanced
BNC, 0.5Vpp / 75 Ohm unbalanced
input format AES professional, AES consumer
output format same as input
SYNC
WCLK in BNC, 1kOhm, unbal., TTL-level
WCLK out BNC, unbal., HCMOS
ANALOG INPUTS AND OUTPUTS 8.3
INPUT
A/D-converter 24bit, oversampling, 44.1...96kHz
dynamic range 116dB (RMS), 118dB(A)
input level +12...+24dBu @ 0dBFS
THD -100dB @ -1dBFS
CMRR >110dB @ 50Hz, >90dB @ 20kHz
impedance 10kOhm, floating balanced
OUTPUT
D/A-converter 24bit, oversampling, 44.1...96kHz
dynamic range 117dB (RMS), 120dB(A)
output level +12...+28dBu @ 0dBFS
THD 0.0012% @ +15dBu
impedance 30Ohm, floating balanced
Operation manual accent2, chapter 8 -technical specifications- page 8-1
8. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
8.4 GENERAL
dimensions 19“, 1RU, 250mm depth
weight appr. 4kg
mains voltage 100-240V, 50 to 60 Hz
power consumption <20VA
output format same as input
REMOTE
serial RS-232, 9pin SUB-D female
GPI/Tally TTL-level, 9pin SUB-D female
fader 1/4“ phone jack
options remote fader (50kOhm)
page 8-2 Operation manual accent2, chapter 8 -technical specifications-
9. WARRANTY AND SERVICE INFORMATION
WARRANTY AND SERVICE
INFORMATION 9
JÜNGER AUDIO grants a two-year warranty on the
digital dynamics processor ACCENT2
If the unit has to be serviced, please send it, ideally in the original box, to:
JÜNGER AUDIO - Studiotechnik GmbH
Justus-von-Liebig-Strasse 7
D - 12489 Berlin
GERMANY
Tel.: (*49) -30-677721-0
Fax.: (*49) -30-677721-46
sales@ junger-audio.com
http://www.junger-audio.com
operation manual accent2, chapter 9 -Warranty and service information- page 9-1
Geräteart: Digitaler Dynamikprozessor
KONFORMITÄTSERKLÄRUNG
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
Type of equipment: digital dynamics processor
Produkt
/ Product: ACCENT2
Das bezeichnete Produkt stimmt mit den Vorschriften folgender
EU-Richtlinie(n) überein:
The aforementioned product complies with the following Europaen Council Directive(s):
89/336/EWG
(geändert durch 91/263/EWG und 92/31/EWG)
(changed by 91/263/EWG and 92/31/EWG)
Richtlinie der Rates zur Angleichung der Rechtsvorschriften der
Mitgliedsstaaten über die elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit
Council Directive 89/336/EC on the approximation of the laws of the
Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility
Zur vollständigen Einhaltung dieser Richtlinie(n) wurden folgende Normen
herangezogen:
To fully comply with this(these) Directive(s), the following standards have been used:
EN 55022 :1987
EN 50082-1 :1993
Dieser Erklärung liegt zugrunde: Prüfbericht(e) des EMV-Prüflabors
This certification is based on: Test report(s) generated by EMC-test laboratory
MEB Messelektronik Berlin Kalibrier- und Prüflabor
accredited EMC laboratory
Aussteller
/ Holder of certificate: Jünger Audio Studiotechnik GmbH
Justus-von-Liebig-Strasse 7
D - 12489 Berlin
Berlin, 02.05.1999 ............................................................
(Ort/Place) (Datum/Date) (Rechtsgültige Unterschrift/Legally Binding)
CE Konformitätserklärung Jünger Audio Studiotechnik GmbH, Berlin Mai 1999
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