Joy-it RB-JOYPI User guide
3
Joy-Pi
Publ ished: 20 .02.2019 Copyright by Joy-IT 2
Joy-Pi
1. Overview
2. Details
3. Changing modules and using the GPIOs
4. Using Python and Linux
5. Lessons
5.1 Lesson 1: Using the buzzer for warning sounds
5.2 Lesson 2: Controlling the buzzer with key inputs
5.3 Lesson 3: How a relay works and how to control it
5.4 Lesson 4: Sending a vibraon signal
5.5 Lesson 5: Detecng noises with the sound sensor
5.6 Lesson 6: Detecng brightness with the light sensor
5.7 Lesson 7: Detecng the temperature and the humidity
5.8 Lesson 8: Detecng movements
5.9 Lesson 9: Measuring distances with the ultrasonic sensor
5.10 Lesson 10: Controlling the LCD display
5.11 Lesson 11: Reading and wring RFID cards
5.12 Lesson 12: Using stepper motors
5.13 Lesson 13: Controlling servo motors
5.14 Lesson 14: Controlling the 8x8 LED matrix
5.15 Lesson 15: Controlling the 7-Segment display
5.16 Lesson 16: Recognizing touches
5.17 Lesson 17: Detecng lts with the lt sensor
5.18 Lesson 18: Using the buon matrix
5.19 Lesson19: Controlling and using the IR sensor
5.20 Lesson 20: Own circuits with the breadboard
5.21 Lesson 21: Photographing with the Raspberry Pi camera
6. Informaon and take-back obligaons
7. Copyright informaons
8. Support
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Dear customer,
Thank you very much for choosing our product. In the following we will show you what has to be observed
during commissioning and use. Should you encounter any unexpected problems during use, please feel
free to contact us.
The following lessons are designed so that, regardless of how much prior knowledge you already have,
you can complete all lessons without any problems. For the dierent lessons you have to download
sample les and run them on the Joy-Pi. How to do this can also be found in this manual.
But these tutorials are only the beginning.
We look forward to seeing what you will do with our Joy-Pi.
1. OVERVIEW
2. DETAILS
The login data is:
Username: pi
Password: 12345
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1 Raspberry Pi
2 GPIO LED Display
3 Breadboard - for creang custom curciuts with external modules
4 16x2 LCD Module (MCP23008)
5 Power supply
6 8x8 LED Matrix (MAX7219)
7 7 Segment LED display (HT16K33)
8 Vibraon module
9 Light sensor - to measure the light intensity (BH1750)
10 Buzzer - to generate alarm tones
11 Sound sensor
12 Moon sensor (LH1778)
13 Ultrasonic sensor - Used for distance measurement
14 / 15 Servo interfaces - for connecng servo motors
16 Stepper motor interface
17 Tilt sensor (SW-200D)
18 Infrared sensor
19 Touch sensor
20 DHT11 Sensor - for measuring humidity and temperature
21 Relay - for opening and closing electronic circuits
22 Key matrix
23 Independent keys
24 RFID module - for reading and wring data via RFID/NFC (MFRC522)
25 Switch - for switching between sensors and modules
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CHANGING MODULES
The Joy-Pi board contains 2 switching units. Each unit contains 8 switches. The switches make it possible
to switch between the use of sensors and modules. Since the Raspberry Pi has only a limited number of
GPIO pins, we need the switches to be able to use more sensors.
3. CHANGING MODULES AND USING THE GPIOS
Sensors / Modules Switching Unit Switches
Key array Le 1 - 8
Buon matrix Le 1 - 8
Vibraon module Right 1
Tilt sensor Right 2
Stepper motor Right 3, 4, 5, 6
Servomotor Right 7, 8
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USING THE GPIOS
In the following we will explain in more detail what GPIO's are, how they work and how they are
controlled.
GPIO stands for: "General-purpose input / output" (universal input / output).
GPIO pins have no specic purpose. They can be congured as either input or output and have a general
purpose. This depends on what you want to achieve.
Input pin example: Buon
If the Buon is pressed, the Signal will transfered through the input pin to the RaspberryPi
Output pin example: Buzzer
Send a signal through the output pin to control the buzzer.
The GPIO pins are located on the right side of the Raspberry Pi board if you start from the Joy-Pi
perspecve.
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There are 2 possible Raspberry Pi GPIO schemes: GPIO-BOARD and GPIO-BCM
The GPIO-BOARD opon indicates that you are referring to the pins by the pin number. This means that
the pin numbers listed below will be used.
The GPIO.BCM opon means that you refer to the pins of the "Broadcom SOC Channel". These are the
numbers aer "GPIO" .
1 3.3V DC
3 GPIO 2 (SDA1, I2C)
5 GPIO 3 (SCL1, I2C)
7 GPIO 4
9 Ground
11 GPIO 17
13 GPIO 27
15 GPIO 22
17 3.3V
19 GPIO 10 (SPI, MOSI)
21 GPIO 9 (SPI, MISO)
23 GPIO 11 (SPI, CLK)
25 Ground
27 ID_SD (I2C, EEPROM)
29 GPIO 5
31 GPIO 6
33 GPIO 13
35 GPIO 19
37 GPIO 26
39 Ground
2 5V DC
4 5V DC
6 Ground
8 GPIO 14 (TXD0)
10 GPIO 15 (RXD0)
12 GPIO 18
14 Ground
16 GPIO 23
18 GPIO 24
20 Ground
22 GPIO 25
24 GPIO 8 (SPI)
26 GPIO 7 (SPI)
28 ID_SC
30 Ground
32 GPIO 12
34 Ground
36 GPIO 16
38 GPIO 20
40 GPIO 21
GPIO-Board
Number:
GPIO-Board
Number:
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GPIO-Board
Number:
Used sensors and modules:
1 3.3V
2 5.0V
3 I2C, SDA1 (Licht Sensor, LCD Display, 7 Segment Display)
4 5.0V
5 I2C, SCL1 (Light Sensor, LCD Display, 7 Segment Display)
6 Ground
7 DHT11 Sensor
8 TXD0
9 Ground
10 RXD0
11 Touch Sensor
12 Buzzer
13 Buon matrix (ROW1), Vibraon motor
14 Ground
15 Buon matrix (ROW2), Tilt sensor
16 Moon sensor
17 3.3V
18 Sonic sensor
19 SPI
20 Ground
21 SPI
22 Servo2, Buon matrix (COL1), Le Buon
23 SPI
24 RFID Modul
25 Ground
26 LED-MATRIX
27 ID_SD (I2C, EEPROM(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-only Memory))
28 ID_SC
29 Stepper Motor (STEP1), Buon matrix (ROW3)
30 Ground
31 Stepper Motor (STEP2), Buon matrix (ROW4)
32 Ultrasonic sensor (Echo)
33 Stepper Motor (STEP3), Buonmatrix (COL4), Down Buon
34 Ground
35 Stepper Motor (STEP4), Buonmatrix (COL3), Right Buon
36 Ultrasonic sensor (TRIG)
37 Servo1, Buon matrix (COL2), Up Buon
38 Infrared sensor
39 Ground
40 Relais
ASSIGNMENT OF THE GPIO PINS ACCORDING TO GPIO.BOARD SCHEME
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In our examples we use Python language to control the GPIO pins. In Python there is a library called
"RPi.GPIO". This is a library that helps to control the pins programmacally with Python.
Take a look at the following example and the comments in the code to beer understand how it works.
The rst step will be to import the library by typing the command "RPi.GPIO as GPIO", then the "me"
library comes with the command "import me".
Then we set the GPIO mode to GPIO.BOARD. We declare the input pin as pin number 11 for our example
and the output pin as pin 12 (the input is the touch sensor and the output is the buzzer). We send a signal
to the output pin, wait 1 second and then turn it o. Then, to conrm the input, we go through a loop
unl the GPIO.input input signal is received. We print "Input Given" to make sure that the click was
conrmed, clean up the GPIO with GPIO.cleanup () and nish the script.
To learn more about the purpose and use of GPIO, we recommend that you read the ocial
documentaon on the topic of GPIO pins wrien by the Raspberry Pi foundaon.
hps://www.raspberrypi.org/documentaon/usage/gpio/
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time #import lybraries
import signal
TOUCH = 11 #Declaring variables
BUZZER = 12 #and connecting pins
def setup_gpio(): #Definition of in and outputs
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.setup(TOUCH, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)
GPIO.setup(BUZZER, GPIO.OUT)
def do_smt(channel): #class for buzzer output and
print("Touch detected") #detected touch
GPIO.output(BUZZER, GPIO.HIGH) #Signal output
time.sleep (1) #Wait 1 second
GPIO.output(BUZZER, GPIO.LOW) #Stop signal Output
def main():
setup_gpio()
try: #Checking if touch is detected
GPIO.add_event_detect(TOUCH, GPIO.FALLING, callback=do_smt, bouncetime=200)
signal.pause()
except KeyboardInterrupt: #CTRL+C is closing the script
pass
finally:
GPIO.cleanup()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
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GETTING THE PREINSTALLED OPERATING SYSTEM
For the First Step you have to Download the image le with the Joy-Pi operang system.
You can nd the le on our website at hps://joy-pi.net/downloads/.
1. Load the .Zip le onto your computer and unzip it to any folder you like. You should receive a .ISO
le
2. Connect a MicroSD card to your computer with the aached MicroSD card reader.
3. Now format the MicroSD card with the program „SD Formaer“
4. Start the Program „Win32DiskImager“ and choose the unziped .Iso le, then click on the „Write“
buon to copy the image onto your MicroSD card.
5. Now the MicroSD card is ready for use, you can put it in your Raspberry Pi now.
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This step is oponal, but makes it easier to execute scripts without having to create them individually.
The scripts used in this guide can be downloaded directly from a package. Simply follow the instrucons
below:
1. Open the "Terminal". We use this to run most of our Python scripts and download extensions and
scripts.
4. USE OF PYTHON AND LINUX
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2. Aer successfully opening the terminal, we need to download the script archive to the desktop with
the following commands:
3. Press "Enter" on your keyboard. Now all you have to do is unpack the archive:
4. Press "Enter" and wait unl the process is completed.
5. With the command "cd" we change to the correct directory so that we can use the scripts that are in it:
cd Desktop/
wget http://anleitung.joy-it.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Joy-Pi.zip
unzip JoyPi.zip
cd Joy-Pi
Attention! Every time you restart your terminal, you have to repeat the steps of
changing the directory.
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EXECUTING PYTHON SCRIPTS
Aer we successfully downloaded our script, we would like to execute it. Open the terminal again and
follow the instrucons below to run the script:
Write the command "sudo python <script name>" to execute a Python script.
For example:
The sudo command gives us root permissions (admin permissions), which are later required by the GPIO
library. We write "python" to tell the system that we want to execute the command with Python. At the
end, we write the script name as we put it on the desktop. Make sure to always be in the right folder
when you execute the command.
sudo python buzzer.py
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5.1 LESSON 1: USING THE BUZZER FOR WARNING SOUNDS
In the previous explanaon, we learned how to use the GPIO pin both as output and input. To test this
now, we go ahead with a real example and apply our knowledge from the previous lesson. The module we
will use is the "Buzzer".
We will use the GPIO output to send a signal to the buzzer and close the circuit to generate a loud buzz.
Then we will send another signal to turn it o.
The buzzer is located on the right side of the Joy-Pi-Board and is easily recognized by the loud noise that it
will make when acvated. When you use your Raspberry Pi for the rst me, the buzzer may have a
protecve scker on it. Make sure this scker has been removed before using the Buzzer.
Just like in the previous example, we have prepared a special script with detailed comments that will
explain how the whole buzzer process works, and how we can control the buzzer with the GPIOs.
First we import the RPi.GPIO library and the me library. Then we congure the buzzer. At pin 12 we set
the GPIO mode to GPIO BOARD and the pin as OUTPUT.
We output a signal for 0.5 seconds and then turn it o.
5. LESSONS
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Buzzer code example:
Execute the following commands and try it yourself:
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO #import librarys
import time
buzzer_pin = 12 #define buzzer pin
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.setup(buzzer_pin, GPIO.OUT)
# Make buzzer sound
GPIO.output(buzzer_pin, GPIO.HIGH)
#wait 0.5 seconds
time.sleep(0.5)
# Stop buzzer sound
GPIO.output(buzzer_pin, GPIO.LOW)
GPIO.cleanup()
sudo python buzzer.py
cd /home/pi/Desktop/Joy-Pi/
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5.2 LESSON 2: CONTROLLING THE BUZZER WITH KEY INPUTS
Aer successfully demonstrang how to turn the buzzer on and o, it's me to make things a lile more
excing. In this lesson, we'll combine a buon with the buzzer so that the buzzer is only turned on by
pressing the buon.
This me we will use 2 GPIO setups. One will be the GPIO.INPUT, which takes the buon as an input,
another will be the GPIO.OUTPUT, which sends a signal to the buzzer to output a sound.
In our example we use the upper of the 4 keys on the lower le side. Theorecally, however, any of the 4
keys can be used. If you sll want to use another key, you have to change the pin assignment accordingly.
Attention! For this example you have to switch between the modules. Turn switch
number 5, 6, 7 and 8 on the left switching unit ON. All the other switches should
be turned OFF.
GPIO37 Upper buon
GPIO27 Lower buon
GPIO22 Le buon
GPIO35 Right buon
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For this part of our tutorial we need to use 2 GPIO sengs. One input and one output. The GPIO input is
used to determine when a key was pressed and the GPIO output is used to acvate the buzzer when that
key is pressed.
As you can see in the example below, we have dened 2 pins called buzzer_pin and buon_pin. The
program runs unl CTRL + C is pressed.
When you press the key on your Joy-Pi, the buzzer does a sound! Release the key and the Buzzer stops.
Example code:
Execute the following commands and try it yourself:
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
# configure both button and buzzer pins
button_pin = 37
buzzer_pin = 12
# set board mode to GPIO.BOARD
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
# setup button pin as input and buzzer pin as output
GPIO.setup(button_pin, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)
GPIO.setup(buzzer_pin, GPIO.OUT)
try:
while True:
# check if button pressed
if(GPIO.input(button_pin) == 0):
# set buzzer on
GPIO.output(buzzer_pin, GPIO.HIGH)
else:
# it's not pressed, set button off
GPIO.output(buzzer_pin, GPIO.LOW)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
GPIO.cleanup()
sudo python button_buzzer.py
cd /home/pi/Desktop/Joy-Pi/
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5.3 LESSON 3: HOW A RELAY WORKS AND HOW TO CONTROL IT
Now that we know everything we need to know about the buzzer, it's me for the next lesson. Now we'll
learn how to use the relay, what the funcon of the relay is and how to control it.
Relays are used to control a circuit by a separate low power signal, or when several circuits need to be
controlled by one signal. If you connect you wires to „NC“ and „COM“ and you send a GPIO.HIGH signal
the relay will close and deacvate your custom circuit. If you stop the signal the relay will open and will
acvate your custom circuit.
The relay is located in the middle, lower part of the board, next to the key matrix. It has 3 inputs of which
we will use 2 in this example.
„NC“ means „normally closed“, „NO“means „normally open“ and „COM“ means „commom“.
Common in this case means common ground.
When the common circuit is de-energised (GPIO.LOW) the „NC“ circuit is closed.
When the common circuit gets energized (GPIO.HIGH) the relay will close the circuit for „NO“.
When using „NO“ and „COM“ everything is reversed.
When „COM“ is o (GPIO.LOW) the relay circuit is open.
When „COM“ is on (GPIO.High) the relay circuit is closed.
Attention! It is very important not to try to connect high voltage devices to the
relay (e.g. table lamp, coffee machine etc.). This could result in electric shock and
serious injury.
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Now that we have understood what a relay is and how it works, we take a look at the code:
Execute the following commands and try it for yourself:
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
# define relay pin
relay_pin = 40
# set GPIO mode as GPIO.BOARD
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
# setup relay pin as OUTPUT
GPIO.setup(relay_pin, GPIO.OUT)
# Open Relay
GPIO.output(relay_pin, GPIO.LOW)
# Wait half a second
time.sleep(0.5)
# Close Relay
GPIO.output(relay_pin, GPIO.HIGH)
GPIO.cleanup()
sudo python relay.py
cd /home/pi/Desktop/Joy-Pi/
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5.4 LESSON 4: SENDING A VIBRATION SIGNAL
Have you ever wondered how your phone vibrates when someone calls you or when you receive a message? We built exactly the same module into our Joy-Pi and now we will learn how to use it.
The vibraon module is located on the right side of the LED matrix and below the segment LED. When it is
on, it is dicult to tell where the vibraon is coming from because it feels like the whole Joy-Pi board is
vibrang.
The vibraon module uses a GPIO.OUTPUT-signal just like the Buzzer and other modules previously used.
When sending an output signal the module will start vibrang.
When you stop the signal with GPIO.LOW the vibraon will stop.
You can adjust the vibraon length with dierent me.sleep() intervals.
For this example you have to switch between the modules. Set switch number 1 of the righthand switching unit to ON. All the other switches should be turned OFF.
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Execute the following commands and try it yourself:
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
# define vibration pin
vibration_pin = 13
# Set board mode to GPIO.BOARD
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
# Setup vibration pin to OUTPUT
GPIO.setup(vibration_pin, GPIO.OUT)
# turn on vibration
GPIO.output(vibration_pin, GPIO.HIGH)
# wait 4 seconds
time.sleep(4)
# turn off vibration
GPIO.output(vibration_pin, GPIO.LOW)
# cleanup GPIO
GPIO.cleanup()
sudo python vibration.py
cd /home/pi/Desktop/Joy-Pi/
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5.5 LESSON 5: DETECTING NOISES WITH THE SOUND SENSOR
In this lesson, we will learn how to use the sound sensor to make inputs, detect loud noises and react
accordingly. So you can build your own alarm system that detects loud noises or turn on an LED by
clapping!
The sound sensor consists of two parts: a blue potenometer, which regulates the sensivity, and the
sensor itself, which detects the input of sounds. The sound sensor can be easily recognized by the blue
potenometer and the sensor itself is located on the right under the buzzer.
With the help of the potenometer we can regulate the sensivity of the sensor. For our script to work,
we must rst learn how to control the sensivity. To adjust the sensivity you have to turn the small
screw on the potenometer with a screwdriver to the le or right. The best way to test the sensivity is to
run the script. Clap your hands and see if the device is receiving a signal. If no signal is received this means
that the sensivity of the sensor is not set high enough. This can be easily corrected by turning the
potenometer.
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
# define sound pin
sound_pin = 18
# set GPIO mode to GPIO.BOARD
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
# setup pin as INPUT
GPIO.setup(sound_pin, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)
try:
while True:
# check if sound detected or not
if(GPIO.input(sound_pin)==GPIO.LOW):
print('Sound Detected')
time.sleep(0.1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
# CTRL+C detected, cleaning and quitting the script
GPIO.cleanup()
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Execute the following commands and try it yourself:
First we dene our pin, GPIO18. Then we set a while loop to run this script permanently. We check if we
have received an input from the sound sensor indicang that loud noises have been detected and then we
print "Sound Detected".
If Ctrl + C is pressed, the program is quit.
5.6 LESSON 6: DETECTING BRIGHTNESS WITH THE LIGHT SENSOR
The light sensor is one of our favorites. It is extremely useful in many projects and situaons, e.g. with
lamps that switch on automacally as soon as it gets dark. With the light sensor we can see how bright the
module surface is.
The light sensor is dicult to detect because it consists of very small parts. The sensor is to the le of the
buzzer. If you cover it with your nger, the output of the light sensor should be close to zero, as no light
can reach it.
sudo python sound.py
cd /home/pi/Desktop/Joy-Pi/
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