JDSU T-Berd 107A Reference Manual

50-12741-01
Rev. C

T-BERD 107A

T-CARRIER ANALYZER

REFERENCE MANUAL

DECEMBER 1994

©1993 TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNIQUES CORPORATION®

[phone] OR [phone] (MD) • FAX [phone]

20400 Observation Drive

Germantown, Maryland 20876

WWW Address: http://www.ttc.com

BRIDGTAP is a trademark and MULTIPAT

is a registered trademark of

Telecommunications Techniques Corporation (TTC),

A Dynatech Company.

SLC is a registered trademark of

AT&T Technologies, Inc.

Specs., terms, and conditions are subject to change

without notice.

SECTION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION PAGE

GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 INTRODUCTION .................................... 1-1

1.2 INSTRUMENT OVERVIEW .................... 1-1

1.3 STANDARD FEATURES ........................ 1-2

1.4 OPTIONS................................................ 1-4

1.5 ACCESSORIES ...................................... 1-5

1.6 CABLES.................................................. 1-7

1.7 ORDERING INFORMATION .................. 1-8

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT AND
MAINTENANCE

2.1 UNPACKING AND INITIAL

INSPECTION ....................................... 2-1

2.2 EQUIPMENT INCLUDED ....................... 2-1

2.3 WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS ................ 2-2

2.4 POWER REQUIREMENTS .................... 2-2

2.5 INSTRUMENT SELF-TEST/

CHECKOUT ......................................... 2-5

2.6 MAINTENANCE.................................... 2-19

2.7 BATTERY REPLACEMENT ................. 2-20

2.8 WARRANTY ......................................... 2-22

2.9 EQUIPMENT RETURN

INSTRUCTIONS................................. 2-24

INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION

3.1 OVERVIEW ............................................ 3-1

3.2 MAINFRAME — TEST SETUP............... 3-3

3.3 MAINFRAME

— TEST CONNECTIONS .................. 3-17

3.4 MAINFRAME — TEST RESULTS ........ 3-21

3.5 MAINFRAME — TROUBLESHOOTING

CONTROLS ....................................... 3-29

3.6 MAINFRAME — PRINTER CONTROL. 3-34

iii

SECTION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION PAGE

3.7 SLC DATALINK DECODE

OPTION — INTRODUCTION............ 3-35

3.8 SLC DATALINK DECODE OPTION

— TEST SETUP................................. 3-35

3.9 SLC DATALINK DECODE OPTION

— TEST RESULTS ............................ 3-36

3.10 ADVANCED STRESS PATTERNS

OPTION — INTRODUCTION............. 3-39

3.11 ADVANCED STRESS PATTERNS

OPTION — TEST SETUP .................. 3-39

3.12 ENHANCED ESF OPTION

— INTRODUCTION ........................... 3-43

3.13 ENHANCED ESF OPTION

— TEST SETUP................................. 3-43

3.14 ENHANCED ESF OPTION

— TEST RESULTS ............................ 3-45

3.15 ENHANCED ESF OPTION

— PRINTER CONTROL..................... 3-51

3.16 SMART LOOPBACK/COMMAND
CODES OPTION

— INTRODUCTION ........................... 3-53

3.17 SMART LOOPBACK/COMMAND

CODES OPTION — TEST SETUP .... 3-53

3.18 SMART LOOPBACK/COMMAND
CODES OPTION

— TROUBLESHOOTING................... 3-54

3.19 FRACTIONAL T1 OPTION

— INTRODUCTION ........................... 3-55

3.20 FRACTIONAL T1 OPTION

— TEST SETUP................................. 3-55

3.21 FRACTIONAL T1 OPTION

— TROUBLESHOOTING................... 3-58

iv

SECTION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION PAGE

AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS

4.1 INTRODUCTION .................................... 4-1

4.2 AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS ....................... 4-3

TEST RESULTS

5.1 TEST RESULTS ..................................... 5-1

5.2 SUMMARY CATEGORY ........................ 5-4

5.3 ERRORS CATEGORY ......................... 5-12

5.4 SIGNAL CATEGORY............................ 5-15

5.5 TIME CATEGORY ................................ 5-19

5.6 DATALINK CATEGORY ....................... 5-20

PRINTER OPERATION

6.1 COMPATIBLE PRINTERS...................... 6-1

6.2 PRINTER OPERATION .......................... 6-1

6.3 CONNECTING THE PRINTER............... 6-4

6.4 GENERATING A PRINTOUT ................. 6-5

6.5 TYPES OF PRINTOUTS ........................ 6-7

SPECIFICATIONS

7.1 INTRODUCTION .................................... 7-1

7.2 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS................ 7-1

7.3 INPUT SPECIFICATIONS ..................... 7-2

7.4 OUTPUT SPECIFICATIONS .................. 7-3

7.5 MEASUREMENTS.................................. 7-4

7.6 CONNECTORS ...................................... 7-8

7.7 ALARM CRITERIA.................................. 7-8

7.8 PATTERN SPECIFICATIONS .............. 7-10

7.9 LOOP CODES ...................................... 7-12

7.10 GROUNDING ....................................... 7-13

7.11 BATTERY ............................................. 7-14

APPENDICES

A FACTORY DEFAULT SETTINGS...............A-1

B CHANNEL TIME SLOT ASSIGNMENTS.... B-1

C STRESS PATTERNS .................................C-1

D INTELLIGENT NETWORK EQUIPMENT ...D-1

v

SECTION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION PAGE

FIGURES

2-1 T-BERD 107A TOP PANEL .................... 2-3

3-1 T-BERD 107A FRONT PANEL ............... 3-2

3-2 FRONT-PANEL DISPLAY AND

SETUP SWITCHES.............................. 3-4

3-3 TOP PANEL TEST CONNECTIONS .... 3-17

3-4 TEST CONNECTIONS RELATED

SWITCHES ........................................ 3-18

3-5 TEST RESULTS SWITCHES AND

INDICATORS ..................................... 3-21

3-6 TROUBLESHOOTING CONTROLS

AND INDICATORS............................. 3-30

6-1 RESULTS PRINTOUT ............................ 6-8

6-2 SIMULATED BRIDGTAP RESULTS

PRINTOUT ......................................... 6-10

6-3 SIMULATED MULTIPATTERN

RESULTS PRINTOUT........................ 6-11

6-4 SMART NIU RESULTS PRINTOUT ..... 6-13

6-5 OVERFLOW RESULTS PRINTOUT..... 6-14

6-6 CONTROLS PRINTOUT...................... 6-16

TABLES

3-1 BRIDGTAP PATTERNS ....................... 3-12

3-2 MULTIPAT PATTERNS ........................ 3-13

4-1 T-BERD 107A AUXILIARY

FUNCTIONS ........................................ 4-2

5-1 SIGNAL LEVEL TEST LOCATIONS..... 5-14

6-1 PRINTER INTERFACE

PARAMETERS..................................... 6-3

7-1 PRINTER CONNECTOR PIN

CONFIGURATION ............................... 7-7

A-1 FACTORY DEFAULT SETTINGS...........A-1

B-1 CHANNEL TIME SLOT ASSIGNMENTS B-1
D-1 INTELLIGENT NETWORK EQUIPMENT

LOOP CODES.....................................D-1

D-2 INTELLIGENT NETWORK EQUIPMENT

SELECTIONS.......................................D-2

vi

GENERAL

SECTION 1

INFORMATION

GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

This manual provides information about the
physical features, functional operation, and speci­fications of the Telecommunications Techniques
Corporation (TTC) T-BERD 107A T-Carrier
Analyzer.

In addition to this manual, a T-BERD 107A
User’s Guide provides information on setting up and
operating the T-BERD 107A in a number of in­service and out-of-service applications.

1.2 INSTRUMENT OVERVIEW

The T-BERD 107A is a full-featured, hand-held
T1 test set designed for outside plant testing. It can be
used during circuit installation, acceptance testing,
and fault isolation. The T-BERD 107A can monitor
a T1 circuit without interrupting service, generate
and receive test patterns during out-of-service circuit
testing, and emulate a network device, such as a
Network Interface Unit (NIU) or Channel Service
Unit (CSU). In addition, the T-BERD 107A detects
and isolates problems related to customer premises
equipment (e.g., NIU) and detects problems origi­nating from the T1 span.

1-1

GENERAL

SECTION 1

INFORMATION

1.3 STANDARD FEATURES

D1D, D4, ESF, and SLC-96™ framing patterns

offer compatibility with a variety of framing formats.
An unframed mode is also available for applications
where framing is not required.

Automated BRIDGTAP™ pattern sequence de-

tects bridge taps on a T1 span by automatically
generating 21 test patterns and monitoring the re­turned signal for errors.

Automated MULTIPAT™ pattern sequence gen-

erates five standard test patterns with variable dura­tions that eliminate the need to perform separate tests
with each pattern.

Logic error, bipolar violation, and frame error
(CRC error if ESF framing) analysis

simultaneously with the associated error rate and
errored seconds measurements.

are performed

Complete signal analysis includes signal level,

timing slips, received clock frequency, and simplex
current measurements.

In-band and ESF out-of-band loopback codes

enable the instrument to loopback or emulate devices
that accept either in-band or out-of-band loop codes.

Bit-Patterned Message (BPM) recognition en-

ables the T-BERD 107A to identify and display
BPMs from the ESF datalink in accordance with
ANSI T1.403. In addition, the T-BERD 107A can
generate BPMs.

1-2

GENERAL

SECTION 1

Channel drop feature displays user-selected DS0

INFORMATION

channel signaling bits, data bits, and VF frequency/
level measurements. In addition, the selected DS0
channel is dropped to the internal speaker and the VF
OUT jack for analysis by an external TIMS test set.

SUMMARY category displays either ALL RESULTS

OK or any out-of-specification or non-zero results,

eliminating the need to search through long lists of
test results.

AUTO mode lets the T-BERD 107A configure itself

to the proper framing, coding, and pattern. No setup
is required when monitoring live circuits.

Logic error and bipolar violation (BPV) insertion

enables the T-BERD 107A to simulate span and
equipment errors.

Line Build-Out selections add troubleshooting

capability to uncover marginal problems such as
cable crosstalk and bridge taps.

Rechargeable battery and AC power adapter

provide operating flexibility to meet different testing
needs. The lead-acid battery provides four hours of
continuous cord-free operation and can be recharged
from the T-BERD 107A AC power adapter.

VF OUT jack enables the T-BERD 107A to drop a

voice frequency signal from one channel to an exter­nal test set for analysis.

RS-232 Interface connector enables the T-BERD

107A to print test results and test setup for various
tests.

1-3

GENERAL

SECTION 1

INFORMATION

1.4 OPTIONS

SLC Datalink Decode Option (107A-1)

SLC-96 datalink major, minor, and power/
miscellaneous alarms

ported on the front panel.

SLC-96 alarm seconds and alarm field size

are calculated and reported on the front panel.

Advanced Stress Patterns Option (107A-2)

Fixed long patterns stress the timing and re-

covery circuitry of line repeaters.

Enhanced ESF Option (107A-3)

Monitors and reports on the received ESF

datalink ANSI T1.403 Performance Report
Message (PRM).

are decoded and re-

Adds PRM results to the DATALINK and

SUMMARY categories.

Generates and transmits PRMs on the T1

signal.

Adds a SMARTNIU mode that enables the

T-BERD 107A to query, retrieve, store, and
clear T1 circuit statistics obtained by the per­formance monitor feature of the Westell
NIU/Performance Monitor.

1-4

GENERAL

SECTION 1

INFORMATION

Smart Loopback/Command Codes Option
(107A-4)

Adds intelligent repeater loop codes that en-

able the T-BERD 107A to control intelligent

network equipment, such as office repeaters,

line repeaters, and maintenance switches.

Adds HDSL loop codes that enable the

T-BERD 107A to control PAIRGAIN or equiva-

lent HDSL circuit repeaters.

Fractional T1 Option (107A-5)

Fractional T1 (FT1) modes provide contigu-

ous and noncontiguous, 56KxN and 64KxN,

fractional T1 testing capabilities in D4, D1D,

and ESF framing formats.

Adds three FT1 patterns (63, 511, and 2047)

for testing DDS and fractional T1 circuits.

Adds VF tones (404 Hz, 1004 Hz, and 2804 Hz

at user-selectable output level; 2713 Hz at 0.0

dBm) that can be transmitted on a user-selected

DS0 channel.

1.5 ACCESSORIES

T-BERD T1 Repeater Extender
(Model #41157)

The T-BERD T1 Repeater Extender is a hand­held circuit card extender that provides test access to
T1 signals at span repeater housings. It is designed to

1-5

GENERAL

SECTION 1

work in conjunction with a T-BERD T-Carrier Ana­lyzer to perform out-of-service testing or monitoring
of T1 signals along repeatered spans. The T-BERD
T1 Repeater Extender enables the user to monitor T1
signals at repeater inputs and outputs without dis­rupting the span current loop. It also helps to
sectionalize span lines by performing signal loopbacks
at the repeater and by terminating repeater outputs.
For more information, see the T-BERD T1 Repeater
Extender Operating Manual.

T-BERD Repeater Power Supply
(Model #41084)

The T-BERD Repeater Power Supply enables

outside plant technicians to power-up a T1 circuit
from the distribution frame in the central office to the
customer site for testing the completion of the span.
The T-BERD Repeater Power Supply delivers a con­stant current source of 60 mA, 100 mA, or 140 mA.
The output voltage varies up to 260 VDC, depending
on the number of repeaters powered, span length, and
cable gauge. For more information, see the T-BERD

Repeater Power Supply Operating Manual.

INFORMATION

PR-40A Thermal Printer

The PR-40A is a thermal, 40-column/80-column,

graphics printer. This printer connects to the AUXIL­IARY PORT (RS-232 printer interface) connector.

1-6

GENERAL

SECTION 1

Replacement Battery

A replacement lead-acid battery can be ordered
for the T-BERD 107A. Battery replacement instruc­tions are provided in Section 2.7 Battery Replacement.

INFORMATION

1.6 CABLES

The following cables provide an interconnec­tion between the T-BERD 107A, other test sets, and
the network.

Model Description

10559 WECO 310 plug to bantam

plug (10')

10599 WECO 310 plug to bantam

plug (4')

10615 Bantam plug to bantam plug

(10')

10648 Bantam plug to alligator

clips (10')

11-008690 T-BERD 107A AC power

adapter

30758 Printer cable — 8-pin DIN to

25-pin D

30840 Dual bantam plug to mini

test clips

41649 Dual bantam plug to 15-pin D

(T-BERD Repeater Power
Supply adapter cable)

1-7

GENERAL

SECTION 1

INFORMATION

1.7 ORDERING INFORMATION

Contact TTC Customer Service Department at

[phone] for information on ordering options
or accessories.

1-8

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT

SECTION 2

AND MAINTENANCE

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT AND

MAINTENANCE

2.1 UNPACKING AND INITIAL

INSPECTION

The T-BERD 107A shipping container should
be inspected for damage when it is received. If the
shipping container or shipping material is damaged,
it should be kept until the contents of the shipment
have been checked for completeness and the instru­ment has been checked mechanically and electri­cally. Procedures for checking the electrical
performance of the instrument are given in Section

2.5 Instrument Self-Test/Checkout. If the contents
are incomplete, or if the T-BERD 107A does not pass
the Instrument Self-Test/Checkout, notify TTC at
[phone]. If the shipping container is dam­aged, notify the carrier as well as TTC, and keep the
shipping container and materials for the carrier’s
inspection.

2.2 EQUIPMENT INCLUDED

The following equipment should be present
when the T-BERD 107A shipment is received and
unpacked.

• T-BERD 107A T-Carrier Analyzer

• T-BERD 107A AC power adapter

• Printer cable (8-pin DIN to 25-pin D)

• Reference manual and user’s guide

• Carrying case

2-1

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT

SECTION 2

Check the purchase order against the option

label(s) on the back panel of the T-BERD 107A to
verify that the option(s) ordered are installed.

AND MAINTENANCE

2.3 WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS

KEEP AWAY FROM LIVE VOLTAGES

Do not remove the instrument from the chassis

while power is applied to the unit.

DO NOT OPERATE IN AN AMBIENT
TEMPERATURE ABOVE 122°F (50°C)

Operating this unit in temperatures above 122°F

(50°C) can cause damage to the unit.

2.4 POWER REQUIREMENTS

The T-BERD 107A can be powered from an

external AC power supply (115 VAC) or an internal
rechargeable battery. The AC ADAPTER connector
is located on the top panel of the T-BERD 107A. The
battery is located inside the lid panel of the T-BERD
107A. Complete AC power specifications are pro­vided in Section 7 Specifications.

AC ADAPTER Connector — The T-BERD

107A AC power adapter plugs into this jack to
provide line voltage to the unit (see Figure 2-1).
If an AC power supply is connected, it automati­cally overrides the battery and supplies the
T-BERD 107A with AC power.

2-2

SECTION 2

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT
AND MAINTENANCE

Figure 2-1

T-BERD 107A Top Panel

T-BERD 107A AC Power Adapter — The

T-BERD 107A is equipped with an AC power
adapter. The T-BERD 107A AC power adapter
must be plugged into an approved two-contact
electrical outlet.

POWER Switch — This switch is located on the

lid panel and controls the power to the instru­ment. It is a two-position pushbutton switch; the
down position turns on the T-BERD 107A,
while the up position turns off the instrument.

2-3

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT

SECTION 2

AUTO POWER OFF Switch — This switch is

AND MAINTENANCE

located on the lid panel and cuts off the power to
the instrument whenever the lid is shut. It is a
spring-loaded pushbutton switch that remains
extended when the lid is open. Whenever the lid
is shut the AUTO POWER OFF switch is pressed
in by contact with the front panel and turns off
the T-BERD 107A. If the lid is opened after the
T-BERD 107A was turned off by the AUTO

POWER OFF

switch, the T-BERD 107A turns

on again.

The AUTO POWER OFF switch has a built-in
delay of two seconds to prevent turning off the
T-BERD 107A by accidental contact with the
switch. This switch conserves battery power in
case the lid is shut with the POWER switch still
in the ON position.

Charging LED — This red LED is located on

the top panel adjacent to the AC ADAPTER
connector. The Charging LED illuminates any­time AC power is applied and the battery is
charging.

Low Battery LED — This red LED is located on

the front panel with the Alarms LEDs. The Low
Batt LED illuminates approximately 15 min­utes before the battery is completely drained of
power. The battery is recharged anytime AC
power is applied.

2-4

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT

SECTION 2

AND MAINTENANCE

2.5 INSTRUMENT SELF-TEST/

CHECKOUT

Perform the following checkout procedure to
verify the operation of the T-BERD 107A. Perform
the option checkout procedure(s) for each installed
option and skip the option checkout procedure(s) for
the option(s) not installed.

Instrument Checkout Basic Setup

1. Open the T-BERD 107A cover

Release the latch on the right side of the
instrument and open the cover to its full
extension.

2. Connect AC power to the T-BERD 107A

Insert the T-BERD 107A AC power adapter
into the AC ADAPTER connector on the top
panel of the T-BERD 107A and plug the
other end of the cable into an AC power
source.

3. POWER switch

Press this switch on the lid panel to apply
power to the T-BERD 107A. When the in­strument is powered up, an automatic self­test is initiated that performs the following
functions.

• Momentarily illuminates all LEDs.

• Illuminates the Charging LED.

2-5

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT

SECTION 2

AND MAINTENANCE

• The nonvolatile random access memory

(NOVRAM) is checked and the front­panel switches are restored to the previ­ous settings selected before the last
power-down. If any changes are found,
the factory default settings are reloaded
and the message NOVRAM LOST RE-
LOAD NOVRAM is displayed. The fac­tory default settings are listed in Appendix
A. The T-BERD 107A remains fully func­tional even though the switch settings
may not be saved during the power cycle.
While the instrument may be used, con­tact the TTC Customer Service Depart­ment at [phone].

• If it becomes necessary to restore all switch

settings to the factory defaults, press and
hold the RESTART switch, then turn the
power on. Hold the RESTART switch
down until the message SYSTEM RESET
appears in the display. All the LEDs illu­minate and the message RELOAD
NOVRAM is displayed.

• The T-BERD 107A RAM and EPROM

are also checked during the self-test. If
any error is found, the message RAM
FAILURE or ROM FAILURE appears. In
such instances, contact the TTC Cus­tomer Service Department at (800) 638-

2049. There are no user-serviceable parts
within the T-BERD 107A.

2-6

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT

SECTION 2

AND MAINTENANCE

• The T-BERD 107A conducts a dynamic

calibration of various measurement func­tions. During dynamic calibration, the
message CALIBRATING…is displayed.
If there is a problem, the message CALIB
ERROR is displayed. In such instances,
contact the TTC Customer Service
Department at [phone].

4. Configure the T-BERD 107A switches

MODE
PATTERN ALL ONES
CATEGORY SUMMARY
RCVD INTERNAL (LED OFF)
RX INPUT TERM
LBO 0

5. Connect the TX jack to the RX jack

Use a bantam plug to bantam plug cable to
connect the TX jack to the RX jack.

T1 (T1 unframed)

6. Signal verification

Verify that the T1 Pulses and Pattern Sync
LEDs illuminate.

NOTE: If the Low Battery LED is illumi-

nated or illuminates at any time
during this procedure, continue the
instrument checkout. When the in­strument checkout is complete, turn
off the T-BERD 107A, but leave
the T-BERD 107A AC power
adapter attached to recharge the
battery. Recharge the battery for a
minimum of eight hours before op­erating the T-BERD 107A from the
battery.

2-7

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT

SECTION 2

AND MAINTENANCE

Mainframe Instrument Checkout

7. CATEGORY and RESULTS switches

Select the SIGNAL category RX LEVEL
result in the RESULTS display. The value
for this result should be 0 dBdsx ±0.5 dB.

MODE

CATG

8. LBO switch

T1 RX LEVEL

ALL ONES

PATT

+0.0 dBdsx

SIGNAL 6.0 Vp-p

MODE PA TTERN CATEGORY RESUL TS

Select -7.5 and confirm that the RX LEVEL
result changes to -7.5 dBdsx ±1.5 dB.

9. LBO switch

Select -15 and confirm that the RX LEVEL
result changes to -15 dBdsx ±2.0 dB.

10. LBO switch

Select -22.5 and confirm that the RX LEVEL
result changes to -22.5 dBdsx ±3.0 dB.

11. RESULTS switch

Select the RX FREQ result in the RESULTS
display (SIGNAL category). Confirm that
the value for this result is within the range of
1,543,999 to 1,544,001 Hz.

2-8

SECTION 2

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT
AND MAINTENANCE

MODE

PATT

CATG

T1 RX FREQ Hz
ALL ONES

1544000

SIGNAL

MODE PATTERN CATEGORY RESULTS

12. Configure the T-BERD 107A switches

MODE

T1 D4

PATTERN 1:7
CATEGORY SIGNAL
RESULTS DATA BITS

13. Signal verification

Verify that the T1 Pulses, Frame Sync, and
Pattern Sync LEDs illuminate.

14. Verify channel selection capability

Press the PATTERN switch and verify the
channel changes. Then press the RESULTS
switch to select another test result.

MODE

PATT

CATG

T1 D4 DATA BITS
CH 01

SIGNAL 01000000

MODE PATTERN CATEGORY RESULTS

2-9

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT

SECTION 2

15. PATTERN switch

AND MAINTENANCE

Select the ALL ONES pattern. Verify that
the Pattern Sync LED illuminates.

16. Press the RESTART switch to restart the

test

17. CATEGORY switch

Select the SUMMARY category. The mes­sage ALL RESULTS OK should appear in the

RESULTS display.

MODE

CATG

18. CATEGORY switch

T1 D4 ALL RESULTS

PATT

ALL ONES

OK

SUMMARY

MODE PA TTERN CATEGORY RESULTS

Select the ERRORS category.

19. ERR INS and RESULTS switches

Press the ERR INS switch several times.
After each activation of the ERR INS switch,
check the BIT ERRORS and VIOLATIONS
results and verify that each result increments
by one each time the switch is pressed.

2-10

SECTION 2

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT
AND MAINTENANCE

MODE

PATT

CATG

MODE

PATT

CATG

T1 D4 BIT ERRORS
ALL ONES

1

ERRORS

MODE PATTERN CATEGORY RESULTS

T1 D4 VIOLATIONS
ALL ONES

1

ERRORS

MODE PATTERN CATEGORY RESULTS

20. POWER switch

Press to turn the T-BERD 107A off. Leave
the T-BERD 107A AC power adapter con­nected to the instrument and recharge the
battery for a minimum of eight hours before
operating the test set from the battery. A fully
charged battery will typically provide four
hours of continuous operation.

2-11

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT

SECTION 2

AND MAINTENANCE

2.5.1 SLC Datalink Decode Option (107A-1)

Installation Verification

If the SLC Datalink Decode Option is installed,

perform the following procedure to verify its operation.

1. Test setup

Prepare the T-BERD 107A for testing in
accordance with the Instrument Checkout
Basic Setup procedure.

2. MODE switch

Verify that the SLC-M1 and SLC-M2 modes
are available.

3. CATEGORY switch

Select the DATALINK category. Verify that
the SLC datalink test results can be dis­played.

MODE

PATT

CATG

4. POWER switch

SLC-M1 SLC ALM SEC
ALL ONES

UNAVAILABLE

DATALINK

MODE PA TTERN CATEGORY RESULTS

Press to turn the T-BERD 107A off.

2-12

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT

SECTION 2

AND MAINTENANCE

2.5.2 Installation Verification for Options

Advanced Stress Patterns Option (107A-2)

If the Advanced Stress Patterns Option is in­stalled, perform the following procedure to verify its
operation.

1. Test setup

Prepare the T-BERD 107A for testing in
accordance with the Instrument Checkout
Basic Setup procedure.

2. PATTERN switch

Select the T1 DALY pattern.

3. Signal verification

Verify that the Pattern Sync LED illumi­nates.

4. Repeat for other patterns

Repeat Steps 2 and 3 for the T1-2/96, T1-3/
54, T1-4/120, T1-5/53, 55 OCTET, and MIN/
MAX patterns.

5. POWER switch

Press to turn the T-BERD 107A off.

2-13

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT

SECTION 2

AND MAINTENANCE

Enhanced ESF Option (107A-3)

If the Enhanced ESF Option is installed, per-

form the following procedure to verify its operation.

1. Test setup

Prepare the T-BERD 107A for testing in
accordance with the Instrument Checkout
Basic Setup procedure.

2. AUX and PATTERN switch

Press the AUX switch to activate the auxiliary
functions. Press the PATTERN switch to
select the AUX DATALINK function.

3. CATEGORY switch

Press either the up or down arrow to select
PRM TRAN.

4. RESULTS switch

Press either the up or down arrow to set PRM
TRAN to EMUL CARR.

5. AUX switch

Press the AUX switch to return to the operat­ing mode.

6. CATEGORY and RESULTS switches

Select the DATALINK category. Verify the
ESF datalink far-end PRM results are available.

2-14

SECTION 2

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT
AND MAINTENANCE

MODE

PATT

SELFTST FAR FRM ES
ALL ONES

0

CATG

DATALINK

MODE PA TTERN CATEGORY RESULTS

7. MODE switch

Press the MODE switch to verify the
SMARTNIU mode is available.

8. PATTERN switch

Press the PATTERN switch to verify the
RESULTS and SETUP functions are available.

MODE

PATT

CATG

SMARTNIU CLOCK CLEAR

▲

▼

SETUP

▲

▼

MODE PA TTERN CA TEGORY RESULTS

9. POWER switch

Press to turn the T-BERD 107A off.

2-15

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT

SECTION 2

AND MAINTENANCE

Smart Loopback/Command Codes Option
(107A-4)

If the Smart Loopback/Command Codes Op-

tion is installed, perform the following procedure to
verify its operation.

1. Test setup

Prepare the T-BERD 107A for testing in
accordance with the Instrument Checkout
Basic Setup procedure.

2. AUX and PATTERN switch

Press the AUX switch to activate the auxiliary
functions. Press the PATTERN switch to
verify the AUX SMARTNET function is
available.

3. CATEGORY and RESULTS switches

Press the CATEGORY switch to select ILR
(intelligent line repeaters). Press the RE-

SULTS

switch to select an intelligent line
repeater manufacturer and model (e.g.,
TELTREND 7239 LD). Refer to Section 4.2
Auxiliary Functions for additional informa­tion on available intelligent repeaters.

MODE

CATG

AUX

PATT

SMARTNET ILR

MODE PATTERN CATEGOR Y RESULTS

2-16

TELTREND
7239 LD

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT

SECTION 2

AND MAINTENANCE

4. LOOP CODES switch

Select the PROG position (PROG LED illu­minated).

5. PATTERN, CATEGORY, and RESULTS

switches

Press the PATTERN switch to select the
AUX LOOPCODE (PROG) function. Press
the CATEGORY switch to verify the intelli­gent office and line repeater (IOR and ILR)
selections and addresses are available with
two digits for the ILR address. Press the

RESULTS switch to verify the address can

be programmed. Refer to Section 4.2 Auxil­iary Functions for additional information on
allowable address ranges for various intelli­gent repeaters.

MODE

PATT

CATG

AUX SELECT
LOOPCODE

(PROG) ILR

MODE P A TTERN CATEGOR Y RESULTS

▲

▼

6. AUX switch

Press the AUX switch to exit the auxiliary
functions.

7. POWER switch

Press to turn the T-BERD 107A off.

2-17

01

▲

▼

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT

SECTION 2

AND MAINTENANCE

Fractional T1 (FT1) Option (107A-5)

If the Fractional T1 (FT1) Option is installed,

perform the following procedure to verify its operation.

1. Test setup

Prepare the T-BERD 107A for testing in
accordance with the Instrument Checkout
Basic Setup procedure.

2. MODE switch

Verify the FT1 D4, FT1 D1D, and FT1 ESF
modes are available.

3. PATTERN switch

Press the PATTERN switch to verify the 63,
511, and 2047 patterns, as well as one of the
tones (404 Hz, 1004 Hz, 2804 Hz, or 2713
Hz) are available.

4. AUX and PATTERN switch

Press the AUX switch to activate the
auxiliary functions. Press the PATTERN
switch to verify the AUX FT1 CHAN,
AUX FT1 IDLE, AUX FT1 RATE, and
AUX VF TONE functions are available.

MODE

PATT

CATG

AUX MOVE 1/0
FT1 IDLE

MODE PATTERN CATEGORY RESULTS

▲

▼

IDLE CODE
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1

2-18

▲

▼

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT

SECTION 2

5. POWER switch

Press to turn the T-BERD 107A off.

AND MAINTENANCE

2.6 MAINTENANCE

If the T-BERD 107A fails to operate and no

front panel indicators are illuminated:

• Check the T-BERD 107A AC power adapter

to ensure that it is securely connected to the
T-BERD 107A.

• Make sure that the power supply is uninter-

rupted by plugging another electrical de­vice into the electrical outlet used by the
T-BERD 107A.

• If AC power is not connected to the

T-BERD 107A, connect the T-BERD 107A
AC power adapter to the ADAPTER con­nector and a compatible AC power supply
and charge the battery for a minimum of 15
minutes.

If the T-BERD 107A fails to operate after the

T-BERD 107A AC power adapter and power supply
are found to be in proper working order, contact the
TTC Customer Service Department at (800) 638-

2049. If front-panel indicators are illuminated, but

the instrument does not operate properly:

• Use the Instrument Self-Test/Checkout

procedure in Section 2.5 to localize the
problem.

2-19

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT

SECTION 2

AND MAINTENANCE

• Note those areas in which the Instrument

Self-Test/Checkout procedure fails, then
contact TTC for assistance.

2.7 BATTERY REPLACEMENT

The rechargeable lead-acid battery is located in
the lid panel. The battery can be replaced in accor­dance with the following procedure. To order a
replacement battery contact TTC Customer Service
Department at [phone].

1. Turn off the unit and remove AC power

Press the POWER switch to turn off the
T-BERD 107A and remove the T-BERD 107A
AC power adapter from the AC ADAPTER
connector.

2. Disconnect all cables

Disconnect all cables from the connectors on
the top panel of the T-BERD 107A.

3. Remove the screws on the lid panel

Using a Phillips-head screwdriver, remove
and retain the six screws from the lid panel.

4. Separate the lid panel from the case

Remove the lid panel to expose the battery.

2-20

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT

SECTION 2

5. Remove the old battery

AND MAINTENANCE

Lift the battery out of the spring-steel brack­ets and disconnect the battery connector clip
by prying up on the left side of the clip. Set the
old battery aside for proper disposal.

NOTE: Once the old battery is disconnected,

the new battery must be installed
and connected within ten minutes
to avoid losing NOVRAM. If the
battery replacement takes longer
than ten minutes, the NOVRAM
memory is lost (including print
buffers) and the T-BERD 107A
will start up with the default set­tings for all parameters.

6. Install the new battery

Fasten the connecting clip onto the new
battery. Place the new battery between the
spring-steel brackets and slide the battery up
so that the top right corner rests against the
L-shaped frame.

7. Replace the lid panel

Replace the lid panel over the battery and
install the six screws removed in Step 3.

8. Connect AC power

Connect AC power to the T-BERD 107A
and charge the replacement battery for eight
hours.

2-21

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT

SECTION 2

AND MAINTENANCE

2.8 WARRANTY

2.8.1 Warranty Policy

All equipment manufactured by TTC is war­ranted against defects in material and workmanship.
This warranty applies only to the original purchaser
and is non-transferable unless express written autho­rization of the warranty transfer is granted by TTC.
No other warranty is expressed or implied. TTC is
not liable for consequential damages.

Liability under this warranty extends only to the
replacement value of the equipment. The warranty is
void under the following conditions.

• Equipment has been altered or repaired

without specific authorization from TTC.

• Equipment is installed or operated other

than in accordance with instructions con­tained in TTC literature and operating
manuals.

2.8.2 In-Warranty Service

Equipment in warranty must be returned to the
factory with shipping prepaid. The equipment should
be packed and shipped in accordance with instruc­tions in Section 2.9 Equipment Return Instructions.
Before returning any equipment, the customer must
obtain a Return Authorization (RA) number by con­tacting the TTC Repair Department. The RA number
should then appear on all paperwork and be clearly
marked on the outside of the shipping container.

2-22

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT

SECTION 2

After the equipment is repaired by TTC, it will
be tested to applicable specifications, burned-in for at
least 24 hours, retested, and returned to the customer
with shipping prepaid. A brief description of the
work performed and the materials used will be pro­vided on the Equipment Repair Report furnished
with the returned equipment.

2.8.3 Out-of-Warranty Service

The procedure for repairing out-of-warranty
equipment is the same as that used for equipment still
in warranty. However, there is a minimum charge
applied to each request for out-of-warranty service.
The minimum charge guarantees the customer an
estimate of the repair costs and is used as credit
against actual materials and labor costs should the
equipment be repaired. Contact the TTC Repair
Department for specific information on the mini­mum out-of-warranty repair charge.

AND MAINTENANCE

The customer will be billed for parts plus stan­dard labor rates in effect at the time of the repair. The
customer will also be required to furnish a purchase
order number before repair work can be started, and
a hard copy of the purchase order must be received by
TTC before the repaired equipment may be shipped
to the customer. A description of the labor and
materials used will be provided in the Equipment
Repair Report.

Once an out-of-warranty repair is made, the
repaired part or component is warranted for 90 days.
This warranty applies only to the part or component
that was repaired; other parts or components are not
covered under the 90-day repair warranty.

2-23

INSTRUMENT CHECKOUT

SECTION 2

AND MAINTENANCE

2.9 EQUIPMENT RETURN INSTRUCTIONS

To all equipment returned for repair, the cus-

tomer should attach a tag that includes the following
information.

• Owner’s name and address.

• A list of the equipment being returned and

the applicable serial number(s).

• A detailed description of the problem or

service requested.

• The name and telephone number of the

person to contact regarding questions about

the repair.

• The Return Authorization (RA) number.

It is recommended that all switches be left in the

positions they were in when the problem occurred.
This is requested so that the TTC repair group can
analyze the switch positions along with a detailed
description of the problem or of the service
requested.

If possible, the customer should return the equip-

ment using the original shipping container and mate­rial. If the original container is not available, the unit
should be carefully packed so that it will not be
damaged in transit; when needed, appropriate pack­ing materials can be obtained by contacting TTC’s
Repair Department. TTC is not liable for any damage
that may occur during shipping. The customer should
clearly mark the TTC-issued RA number on the
outside of the package and ship it prepaid and insured
to TTC.

2-24

INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

DESCRIPTION

INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION

3.1 OVERVIEW

This section may be used as a reference during
testing and as a guide to understanding the functions
of the T-BERD 107A (see Figure 3-1). The controls,
indicators, and connectors of the mainframe and of
each of the options are discussed in detail in the
following order.

• Mainframe

• SLC Datalink Decode Option (107A-1)

• Advanced Stress Patterns Option (107A-2)

• Enhanced ESF Option (107A-3)

• Smart Loopback/Command Codes

Option (107A-4)

• Fractional T1 (FT1) Option (107A-5)

The switches, indicators, and connectors are
presented in the following functional areas:

Test Setup — Describes the front panel con-

trols used to configure the instrument for the T1

circuit being tested.

Test Connections — Discusses the T1 circuit

connectors, associated switches, and displays

used to access the T1 circuit at central office

equipment, span repeater housings, and at cus-

tomer premises equipment.

Test Results — Presents the controls and indi-

cators used to start and run a test, and describes

how to view, collect, and analyze the test results.

3-1

INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

STATUS

T1 PULSES
FRAME SYNC
PATTERN SYNC
B8ZS

DISPL
LIGHT

MODE

PATT

CATG

MODE PATTERN CATEGOR Y RESULTS

AUX

DESCRIPTION

HIST

RESET

ALARMS

SIGNAL LOSS
FRAME LOSS
PATTERN LOSS

ONES DENSITY
EXCESS ZEROS
YELLOW ALARM
AIS

LOW BATTERY

RESTART

BRIDGE

TERM

DSX MON

3-2

PRE-EXISTING LOOP

RCVD

B8ZS

PROG

RX

INPUT

ERR

INS

CSU

NIU

LOOP

CODES

-7.5

-15.0

-22.5

0

Figure 3-1

T-BERD 107A Front Panel

LOOP

UP

LOOP

DOWN

LBO

INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

Troubleshooting Controls — Describes the

controls used to troubleshoot and test the circuit.

Printer Control — Explains how to generate

printouts manually or automatically.

NOTE: Throughout this section, a circled num-

ber appears after each switch, indica­tor, and connector. These numbers
match the callout numbers in the appli­cable figure.

3.2 MAINFRAME — TEST SETUP

The following controls and indicators (see
Figure 3-2) are described in the order that you would
normally use them to set up the T-BERD 107A to test
a circuit from a DS1 access point:

DESCRIPTION

• Help panel

• Front-panel display 1

• MODE switch 2

• PATTERN switch 3

• B8ZS switch 4

• RCVD switch 5

• AUX switch 6

3-3

SECTION 3

INSTRUMENT
DESCRIPTION

DISPL
LIGHT

AUX

HIST

RESET

RESTART

6

MODE

PATT

1

CATG

3

MODE PATTERN CATEGORY RESULTS

2

PRE-EXISTING LOOP

5

4

RCVD

B8ZS

CSU

NIU

PROG

LOOP

CODES

LOOP

UP

LOOP

DOWN

Figure 3-2

Front-Panel Display and Setup Switches

Help Panel

The T-BERD 107A features a help panel in the lid of
the instrument. It provides a quick reference of:

• Test setup for sending loop codes

• Test setup for dropping a channel

• Available results, grouped by category

Front-Panel Display 1

Operating modes, test results, test patterns, and aux­iliary functions appear in the two window, four-line,
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD).

3-4

INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

The first window contains the current operating mode,
the test pattern, and the test results category. The
labels on the left of the front panel display are abbre­viations for the contents of the adjacent display.
Pressing the
mode and the MODE display (labeled MODE). Press­ing the
the PATTERN display (labeled PATT). Pressing the

CATEGORY

and the CATEGORY display (labeled CATG).

The second window (RESULTS display) contains
test results, auxiliary function parameters, or operat­ing mode status messages. The RESULTS switch
controls the RESULTS display.

Both windows of the display are used when an
auxiliary function is activated.

MODE Switch 2

MODE

PATTERN

switch changes the test pattern and

switch changes the test results category

DESCRIPTION

switch changes the operating

This switch selects the transmitted framing format
(e.g., T1 D4 or T1 ESF) and configures the receiver
for the selected framing format. It also configures the
T-BERD 107A for Test and Line Loopback modes to
emulate a CSU or repeater loopback. The MODE
switch can place the instrument in a self-test mode to
verify instrument operation or in an auto-configure
mode which allows the instrument to automatically
configure itself to the received data pattern and
framing format.

3-5

INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

Pressing the MODE switch (up arrow or down arrow)
scrolls the mode selections in the display. Releasing
the MODE switch on a displayed mode selects that
mode.

NOTE: Changing the MODE switch position clears

all test results and causes a test restart.

The following operating modes are listed in factory
default order.

SELF TST — Configures the T-BERD 107A in

a self-test loopback mode which loops the trans­mit output to the receive input. The data is
transmitted with ESF framing. The RCVD switch
is automatically set to internal timing. When
leaving self test mode, the RCVD switch reverts
to its previous timing position. Any test pattern
can be selected.

AUTO — Automatic configure mode enables

the T-BERD 107A to automatically configure
itself to the received framing format when moni­toring live data. When monitoring test patterns
for an end-to-end test, the AUTO mode config­ures the T-BERD 107A to the received framing
format and pattern.

DESCRIPTION

While attempting to identify the received signal’s
framing and pattern, the T-BERD 107A dis­plays AUTO in the MODE display and
scanning in the PATTERN display. When
auto-configuration is successful, both the re­ceived framing mode and pattern (if the signal is

3-6

INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

recognized as a pattern) are displayed in lower-

case letters in the MODE and PATTERN dis-

plays. When the received signal is not recognized

as a pattern, the word live appears in the PAT-

TERN display, and the instrument performs as

in T1 TLB mode.

T1 — T1 unframed mode configures the

T-BERD 107A to transmit and receive un-

framed T1 data for testing unframed T1 circuits

or T1 circuits with proprietary framing formats.

T1 D4 — T1 D4 superframe mode configures

the T-BERD 107A to transmit and receive D4

framed T1 data for testing D4 framed circuits.

The T1 D4 mode is compatible with all

superframe framing formats including: D1D,

D2, and D3. While T1 D4 mode framing is

compatible with T1 D1D framing for most test

applications, the channel time slot assignments

are different (see Appendix B).

DESCRIPTION

T1 ESF — T1 extended superframe mode con-

figures the T-BERD 107A to transmit and re-

ceive ESF framed T1 data for testing ESF framed

circuits.

T1 SLC — T1 subscriber loop carrier mode

configures the T-BERD 107A to transmit and

receive SLC framed T1 data when testing

SLC-96 framed circuits. The instrument ignores

the SLC datalink (F) bits in the received signal.

The SLC datalink bits are set to all zeros in the

transmitted test pattern.

3-7

INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

T1 D1D — T1 D1D superframe mode config-

ures the T-BERD 107A to transmit and receive
D1D framed T1 data for testing D1D framed
circuits.

T1 TLB — T1 test loopback mode configures

the T-BERD 107A to echo the received data and
framing. This mode allows the T-BERD 107A
to emulate a CSU in loopback. The T-BERD
107A configures itself to the received framing
(or unframed) mode. If the received data pattern
matches the selected test pattern (i.e., QRSS),
pattern synchronization is declared; Pattern Sync
LED illuminates. BPVs are removed from the
received signal. However, BPVs, logic errors,
and B8ZS line code can be inserted into the
retransmitted data stream using the ERR INS
switch and the B8ZS switch, respectively. To
obtain logic error test results, the T-BERD 107A
test pattern must be set to the received test
pattern.

DESCRIPTION

In the T1 TLB mode, the LOOP CODES, LOOP

UP,

and LOOP DOWN switches are disabled,
and the RCVD switch automatically defaults to
recovered timing (LED illuminated).

T1 LLB — T1 line loopback mode configures

the T-BERD 107A in a T1 Line Loopback
(LLB) mode in which all received data and
framing is echoed by the transmitter. This mode
allows the T-BERD 107A to emulate a repeater.
The T-BERD 107A configures itself to the
received framing (or unframed) mode. If the
received data pattern matches the selected test
pattern (i.e., QRSS), pattern synchronization is
declared; Pattern Sync LED illuminates. BPVs
are not removed from the received signal. The

3-8

INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

ERR INS and B8ZS switches are disabled in this

mode. To obtain logic error test results, the
T-BERD 107A test pattern must match the
received test pattern.

In the T1 LLB mode, the LOOP CODES, LOOP

UP,

and LOOP DOWN switches are disabled,
and the RCVD switch automatically defaults to
recovered timing (LED illuminated).

AUTO LLB — Automatically responds to a

received loop-up code. AUTO LLB is not se­lectable by the MODE switch. The AUX
AUTORESP function must be set to AUTO
RESPONSE for the T-BERD 107A to respond
to a received loop code. The T-BERD 107A will
only respond to a loop code that matches the
loop code type selected in the AUX CSU LOOP
function, AUX NIU LOOP function, or AUX
PROGLOOP function and by the LOOP CODES
switch. In AUTO LLB mode, the T-BERD
107A functions the same as the T1 LLB operat­ing mode.

DESCRIPTION

AUTO LLB mode is enabled after receiving
either five seconds of an in-band loop-up code or
250 ms of an ESF out-of-band loop-up code. If
the T-BERD 107A is set to T1 LLB or T1 TLB
mode, it will not respond to the received loop
codes. The AUTO LLB mode is exited by
receiving an in-band or an ESF out-of-band
loop-down code, or by powering down the in­strument. When the loopback is disabled, the
instrument returns to the previously selected
operating mode.

3-9

INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

DESCRIPTION

PATTERN Switch 3

This switch selects the transmitted test pattern and
configures the receiver for the selected test pattern.
Press either the up arrow or down arrow to scroll
through the available selections. Release the switch
when the desired selection appears in the PATTERN
display. Changing the PATTERN switch position
clears all test results and causes a test restart.

When the DATA BITS or VF RESULTS test results
are displayed for a user-selected DS0 channel, the

PATTERN switch is used to change the channel.

The following test patterns are available:

ALL ONES — ALL ONES is a fixed test pattern

of AMI pulses (marks) and is generally used to
stress span repeater current regulator circuits. It
can be used as an Alarm Indication Signal (AIS)
in unframed circuits, or a keep alive signal, idle
code, or red alarm in other circuits.

1:1 — 1:1 is a fixed test pattern of alternating

AMI ones (marks) and zeros (spaces). 1:1 is
generally used to perform a minimum level
stress test on clock recovery circuits.

1:7 — 1:7 is a fixed test pattern of F0100 0000.

The pattern is aligned with the framing (F) bits
as indicated. 1:7 is generally used to stress the
minimum ones density requirement for AMI­encoded T1 circuits.

2 IN 8 — 2 IN 8 is a fixed test pattern of F0100

0010. The pattern is aligned with the framing (F)
bits as indicated. 2 IN 8 is generally used to stress
the minimum ones density for B8ZS-encoded
T1 circuits.

3-10

INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

3 IN 24 — 3 IN 24 is a fixed test pattern of F0100

DESCRIPTION

0100 0000 0000 0000 0100... The pattern is
aligned with the framing (F) bits as indicated. 3
IN 24 provides the minimum ones density and
the maximum excess zeros (15) requirements to
stress T1 circuits. When the pattern is framed, it
violates the minimum ones density require­ments.

T1-QRSS — T1-QRSS is a modified 2

20

-1
pseudo random pattern which allows a maxi­mum of 14 sequential zeros and 20 sequential
ones. The Quasi-Random Signal Source (QRSS)
pattern simulates live data for T1 applications.

BRIDGTAP — The BRIDGTAP pattern deter-

mines if bridge taps are connected to a T1 span
by sequentially testing the span with 21 test
patterns that have a variety of ones and zeros
densities. The T-BERD 107A monitors the re­ceived test pattern for bit errors, BPVs, and
frame errors. If signal errors are not detected, the
span does not have a bridge tap connected to it.
However, if signal errors are detected, the span
may have one or more bridge taps connected to
it and further sectionalization is required.

When BRIDGTAP is selected, the 21 test pat­terns are transmitted continuously in the order
shown in Table 3-1. As the patterns are transmit­ted, the word BRIDGTAP alternates with the
name of the test pattern being transmitted. The
test patterns are identified in the PATTERN
display in lowercase characters (e.g., ALL ONES
= all ones). One complete BRIDGTAP pattern
sequence takes approximately 10 minutes and
30 seconds to transmit.

3-11

INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

BRIDGTAP Patterns

Pattern Bit Pattern
Name (F = Framing bit)

ALL ONES F 1111
1:1 F 1010
1:3 F 0100
1:5 F 0100 00
1:6 F 0100 000
1:7 F 0100 0000
2:8 F 1100 0000 00
2:9 F 1100 0000 000
2:10 F 1100 0000 0000
2:11 F 1100 0000 0000 0
2:12 F 1100 0000 0000 00
2:13 F 1100 0000 0000 000
2:14 F 1100 0000 0000 0000
3 IN 18 F 1101 0000 0000 0000 00
3 IN 19 F 1100 1000 0000 0000 000
3 IN 20 F 1100 0100 0000 0000 0000
3 IN 21 F 0100 0100 0000 0000 0000 1
3 IN 22 F 0100 0100 0000 0000 0000 10
3 IN 23 F 0100 0100 0000 0000 0000 100
3 IN 24 F 0100 0100 0000 0000 0000 0100
QRSS 220-1 pseudo random pattern with

14-zero suppression

DESCRIPTION

Table 3-1

The BRIDGTAP pattern is designed to operate
with AMI coding to test a span for bridge taps.
Using B8ZS coding redistributes the test pattern
energy making it less effective in detecting
bridge taps.

3-12

INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

MULTIPAT — The MULTIPAT pattern con-

sists of five commonly used test patterns that
allow the T-BERD 107A to test a T1 span
without having to select each test pattern indi­vidually. The T-BERD 107A monitors the re­ceived test patterns for bit errors, BPVs, and
frame errors.

When MULTIPAT is selected, the five test
patterns are transmitted for a user-determined
duration in the order that they appear in Table
3-2. An auxiliary function is used to individually
set the duration for each test pattern (see Section
4 Auxiliary Functions for more information).
As the patterns are transmitted, the word
MULTIPAT alternates with the name of the test
pattern being transmitted. The test patterns are
identified in the PATTERN display in lower­case letters (e.g., ALL ONES = all ones).

DESCRIPTION

Table 3-2

MULTIPAT Patterns

Pattern Name

ALL ONES F 1111
1:7 F 0100 0000
2 IN 8 F 0100 0010
3 IN 24 F 0100 0100 0000 0000 0000

T1-QRSS 220-1 pseudorandom pattern

Bit Pattern (F = Framing bit)

0100

with 14-zero suppression

3-13

INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

USER1, USER2, USER3 — USER1, USER2,

and USER3 provide the ability to transmit a
user-programmable 3- to 24-bit pattern. This
allows the T-BERD 107A to transmit specific
bit patterns to test circuit sensitivity to a particu­lar pattern. The pattern is entered in binary form
through the AUX USER1, AUX USER2, and
AUX USER3 functions. The pattern is trans­mitted starting from left to right.

ALL ZERO — The ALL ZERO pattern allows

the T-BERD 107A to test T1 circuits for B8ZS
clear channel capability. The pattern can be
transmitted framed or unframed, and should
always be transmitted with B8ZS coding se­lected.

When using the ALL ZERO pattern and B8ZS
coding, the T-BERD 107A can test a circuit for
spans that are not configured for or are incom­patible with B8ZS encoded data by monitoring
the received signal for the normal B8ZS se­quence, 000V 10V1 (where V is a bipolar viola­tion). However, if the T-BERD 107A receives
the B8ZS sequence in an alternate mark inver­sion (AMI) format (0001 1011) instead of all
zeros (0000 0000) after decoding, the T-BERD
107A reports the sequence as an error and dis­plays the message NOT B8ZS COMPATIBLE in
the SUMMARY category. The failure of the
network to maintain the B8ZS sequence in the

DESCRIPTION

3-14

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SECTION 3

received ALL ZERO pattern can occur at a
multiplexer or DCS with an improperly set
coding option; the coding option would be set
for AMI instead of B8ZS.

B8ZS Switch 4

This LED switch determines whether the T-BERD
107A transmits data with AMI coding or B8ZS
coding. The LED within the switch illuminates when
B8ZS coding is selected and is extinguished when
AMI coding is selected.

The B8ZS switch affects the transmitter and the
Excess Zeros LED operation; B8ZS decoding is
performed automatically on the receiver. The B8ZS
status LED illuminates when zero substitution codes
are detected in the received data. The Excess Zeros
LED illuminates when there are 16 or more consecu­tive zeros in the AMI position or when there are 8 or
more consecutive zeros in the B8ZS position.

DESCRIPTION

The message B8ZS DETECTED is displayed in the
SUMMARY category when B8ZS coding is de­tected and the B8ZS switch is set to the AMI position.
When the B8ZS switch is set to the B8ZS position,
the selected pattern is ALL ZERO, and the instru­ment receives the sequence 0001 1011, the message
NOT B8ZS COMPATIBLE is displayed. This mes­sage indicates that a non-B8ZS compatible piece of
equipment regenerated the transmitted signal.

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

RCVD Switch 5

This LED switch sets the transmit timing source to
either recovered or internal. The LED within the
switch illuminates when recovered timing is selected
and is extinguished when internal timing is selected.
If recovered timing is selected but there is no signal,
the switch LED will blink and internal timing is
automatically provided until a signal is received.

In internal timing, the transmit data is generated with
a fixed internal crystal oscillator. In recovered tim­ing, the transmit timing source is taken from the clock
recovered from the received data. In T1 LLB, T1
TLB, or AUTO LLB modes, the T-BERD 107A is
automatically set to recovered timing.

AUX Switch 6

DESCRIPTION

This LED switch allows access to the auxiliary
functions, which configure parameters that are less
frequently used and do not have dedicated switches.
The LED within the switch illuminates when the
auxiliary functions are available in the display. The
auxiliary functions require use of the entire display
and corresponding switches.

When the AUX switch is activated, AUX appears in
the MODE display and an auxiliary function’s name
appears in the PATTERN display. The PATTERN
switch selects the auxiliary function to be modified.
The CATEGORY and RESULTS switches change
parameter settings for many of the auxiliary func­tions. Refer to Section 4 Auxiliary Functions, for
more information.

3-16

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SECTION 3

DESCRIPTION

3.3 MAINFRAME — TEST CONNECTIONS

The following connections and switches are
used to connect the T-BERD 107A to the circuit
being tested. Figure 3-3 illustrates the switches asso­ciated with connecting the T-BERD 107A to a cir­cuit. Figure 3-3 illustrates the T-BERD 107A top
panel test connections.

• RX INPUT switch 7

• LBO switch 8

• RX jack 9

• TX jack 10

• REF jack 11

• VF OUT jack 12

BRIDGE

TERM

DSX MON

RX

INPUT

ERR

INS

7

0

-7.5

-15.0

-22.5

8

LBO

Figure 3-3

Test Connections Related Switches

3.3.1 Test Connection Related Switches

Prior to connecting to the T1 circuit, the T-BERD
107A must be configured to match the type and
location of the T1 circuit. The following switches
should be set prior to connecting to the T1 circuit (see
Figure 3-4).

3-17

INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

•

•••

•

PRINTER

DESCRIPTION

9

10

RX

TX

•

•

•

11

12

VF

OUT

REF

T1

AC

ADAPTER

BATTERY

CHARGING

Figure 3-4

Top Panel Test Connections

RX INPUT Switch 7

This three-position switch selects the input imped­ance and signal conditioning for the RX jack. A
configurable input impedance allows the T-BERD
107A to accommodate signals attenuated by cable
loss or resistive circuits. Changing the RX INPUT
switch position causes a test restart.

BRIDGE — Provides an input impedance greater

than 1000 Ω for bridging lines that are already
terminated. The BRIDGE setting provides com­pensation for cable losses of up to 35 dB. This is
useful for bridging across repeater cable pair
input and outputs.

3-18

INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

TERM — Provides a nominal input impedance

of 100 Ω. The TERM setting provides compen­sation for cable losses of up to 35 dB for T1 lines.
This is useful for terminating a circuit with the
T-BERD 107A.

DSX-MON — Provides a nominal 100 Ω of

input impedance and compensates for resistive
loss. The DSX-MON setting is useful for moni­toring T1 lines at DSX monitor points which are
resistor-isolated.

LBO Switch 8

This four-position switch provides four different
Line Build-Outs (LBO). The LBO values are 0, -7.5,

-15, and -22.5 dB and are indicated by the illumina­tion of the appropriate LED. The selected cable loss
affects the transmit signal only.

DESCRIPTION

If transmitting directly into the span at the Network
Interface Unit (NIU), select the appropriate LBO
setting to avoid sending too strong a signal into the
first repeater. The LBO value plus the receive level
(dBdsx measurement) should range between -15 and

-22.5 dB. For example, if the receive level is -10
dBdsx, the LBO should be set to -7.5 dB (-10 + -7.5
= -17.5 dB). If replacing an NIU, the LBO should be
set to the same level as the replaced NIU.

3-19

INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

3.3.2 Test Connections

The following top panel jacks are used at central
office or customer premises test locations (DSX-1
patch panel, distribution frame, NIU, or CSU) to
connect to the T1 circuit under test. These jacks can
also be used with the T-BERD T1 Repeater Extender
to access the T1 circuit at span repeaters.

RX Jack 9

This bantam jack receives the input signal. Use the

RX INPUT switch to set the line termination for the

connection.

TX Jack 10

This bantam jack connects the T-BERD 107A trans­mit output to the circuit under test. Use the LBO
switch to set the output level. This connector also
provides the simplex current path to the RX jack.

DESCRIPTION

REF Jack 11

This bantam jack provides a connection for a T1
reference clock input for use in timing slips measure­ments. This jack provides a nominal 1000 Ω termina­tion and accepts resistively attenuated signals over
the range +6 to -24 dBdsx.

VF OUT Jack 12

This 600 Ω bantam jack provides a DS0 or VF signal
output to an external TIMS or analog test set for
in-depth analysis.

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

DESCRIPTION

3.4 MAINFRAME — TEST RESULTS

Once the T-BERD 107A is configured and
connected to the circuit, use the following switches
and indicators to initiate the test and collect the test
results. Figure 3-5 illustrates the switches and indica­tors required to verify the results.

• RESTART switch 13

• DISPL LIGHT switch 14

• CATEGORY switch 15

• RESULTS switch 16

• Status LEDs 17

• Alarm LEDs 18

• HIST RESET switch 19

• SUMMARY category messages

HIST

RESET

ALARMS

SIGNAL LOSS
FRAME LOSS
PATTERN LOSS

ONES DENSITY
EXCESS ZEROS
YELLOW ALARM
AIS

LOW BATTERY

RESTART

18

17

14

19
13

16

15

STATUS

T1 PULSES
FRAME SYNC
PATTERN SYNC
B8ZS

MODE

PATT

CATG

DISPL
LIGHT

AUX

MODE PATTERN CATEGORY RESULTS

Figure 3-5

Test Results Switches and Indicators

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

RESTART Switch 13

This switch causes a test restart that affects all
functions related to the test in progress, such as test
results, Status LEDs, and History LEDs. Pressing
and holding this switch during power-up clears non­volatile RAM (NOVRAM). Clearing NOVRAM
sets all the parameters to their factory default settings
as listed in Appendix A.

DISPL LIGHT Switch 14

This switch illuminates the front-panel display for
better visibility in low light conditions. When pressed
once, the display illuminates for 30 seconds. When
pressed twice within 30 seconds, the display illumi­nates and remains illuminated until the switch is
pressed a third time.

DESCRIPTION

CATEGORY Switch 15

This switch selects the test results category. Similar
test results are grouped under a category. The catego­ries are SUMMARY, ERRORS, SIGNAL, and
TIME. The DATALINK category is available when
the SLC Datalink Decode Option is installed. The

CATEGORY switch consists of up-arrow and down-

arrow switches, which scroll through the categories
in either direction. The test results categories are
discussed in detail in Section 5 Test Results.

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

RESULTS Switch 16

This switch selects the test result displayed within the
selected category. The RESULTS switch consists of
up-arrow and down-arrow switches, which allow the
operator to scroll through and display the test results
within the selected category. The test results are
discussed in detail in Section 5 Test Results.

Collecting Test Results

During a test, the available test results and signal
measurements are continuously updated. The test
results are divided into four categories. The first and
most commonly used category is the SUMMARY
category. During the initial test setup procedure, the
SUMMARY category displays key non-zero or out­of-specification results. Refer to Section 5 Test Re­sults for more information on the test results. The
available categories and results include:

DESCRIPTION

SUMMARY Category

BIT ERRORS Bit Errors
VIOLATIONS Bipolar Violations (BPVs)
FRM ERRORS Frame Errors
CRC ERRORS Cyclic Redundancy Check

(CRC) Errors
RX FREQ, Hz Receive Frequency in Hz
TIMING SLIP Timing Slips

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SECTION 3

ERRORS Category

BIT ERRORS Bit Errors
BIT ERR SEC Bit Errored Seconds
BIT ERR RT Bit Error Rate
CRC ERRORS Cyclic Redundancy Check

CRC ERR SEC CRC Errored Seconds
CRC ERR RT CRC Error Rate
FRM ERRORS Frame Errors
FRM ERR SEC Frame Errored Seconds
FRM ER RATE Frame Error Rate
VIOLATIONS Bipolar Violations (BPVs)
BPV SECONDS BPV Seconds
BPV RATE BPV Rate

SIGNAL Category

RX FREQ, Hz Received Frequency in Hz
RX LEVEL Received Signal Level in

SPX CURRENT Simplex Current
TIMING SLIP Timing Slips
TRAFFIC A/B Traffic A and B Signaling
BITS Bits
TRAFFIC C/D Traffic C and D Signaling
BITS Bits (ESF framing only)
DATA BITS DS0 Channel Data Bits
VF RESULTS VF Frequency (in Hz) and

DESCRIPTION

(CRC) Errors

dBdsx and in Volts (Vp-p)

VF Level (in dBm)

TIME Category

SIG LOS SEC Signal Loss Seconds
TEST LENGTH Length of a Timed Test
ELAPSE TIME Elapsed Time
TEST END IN Time Remaining in Timed

Test
DATE/TIME Date/Clock Time of Day
BATTERY CHG Battery Charge

3-24

INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

STATUS LEDs 17

The green Status LEDs function as at-a-glance indi­cations of the T1 circuit’s condition. These LEDs
provide quick identification of pattern and framing
synchronization of the received signal. The Status
LEDs function as follows:

T1 Pulses — Illuminates when a valid T1

signal is detected at the RX jack. If the received
signal is lost, the LED goes out and the Signal
Loss LED illuminates.

Frame Sync — Illuminates when the T-BERD

107A achieves synchronization to the selected
framing pattern within the T1 data stream. The
selected framing pattern is based on the cur­rently selected mode (i.e., T1 D4, T1 ESF, T1
SLC, T1 D1D, T1 TLB, or T1 LLB). In T1 TLB
and T1 LLB modes, the T-BERD 107A auto­matically determines the framing type and con­figures itself to accept either unframed data,
D4-framed data, ESF-framed data, or
SLC-framed data. If frame synchronization is
lost, the LED goes out and the Frame Loss LED
illuminates.

DESCRIPTION

Pattern Sync — Illuminates when pattern syn-

chronization is achieved. Synchronization to a
fixed pattern is declared when 30 consecutive
error-free bits are received. Synchronization to
the pseudo random pattern (QRSS) is declared
upon the reception of 30 + n consecutive error­free bits for a pattern of length 2n - 1. If pattern
synchronization is lost, the LED goes out and
the Pattern Loss LED illuminates.

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

B8ZS — Illuminates when B8ZS clear channel

coding is detected in the received T1 signal. If
the B8ZS switch is set to AMI coding and B8ZS
coding is detected, the message B8ZS DE-
TECTED is displayed in the SUMMARY cat­egory. If AMI coding is received when the B8ZS
switch is set to B8ZS (switch LED illuminated)
and the ALL ZERO pattern is selected, the
message NOT B8ZS COMPATIBLE is displayed
in the SUMMARY category.

ALARM LEDs 18

The red Alarm LEDs illuminate to provide visual
indication of current and historical alarm conditions
related to the received signal or instrument low
battery. An Alarm LED illuminates when a detected
condition occurs and extinguishes when the condi­tion is no longer present. A History LED illuminates
after a detected condition is no longer present. Press­ing the HIST RESET switch or causing a test restart
clears the illuminated History LEDs. The Alarm
LEDs function as follows:

DESCRIPTION

Signal Loss — Illuminates when no pulses are

detected for 150 ms after initial signal detect.
When the DS1 pulses are detected again, the
LED goes out, the associated History LED
illuminates, and the T1 Pulses LED illuminates.

Frame Loss — Illuminates when two out of five

Ft bits are detected in error for T1 D4, T1 D1D,
or T1 SLC-96 framing, or when two out of five
frame bits are detected in error for T1 ESF
framing. When frame synchronization is
re-acquired, the LED goes out, the associated
History LED illuminates, and the Frame Sync
LED illuminates.

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SECTION 3

Pattern Loss — Illuminates when 250 bit errors

are detected in 1000 or fewer bits in a pseudo­random pattern, or if 100 bit errors are detected
in 1000 or fewer bits for a fixed pattern. After a
loss of pattern synchronization, bit errors and
errored seconds are halted. When pattern syn­chronization is re-acquired, the LED goes out,
the associated History LED illuminates, and the
Pattern Sync LED illuminates.

Ones Density — Illuminates when the received

data contains less than n ones in 8(n+1) bits,
where n = 1 to 23. This is in conformance with
the pulse density criteria specified in AT&T
Technical Reference PUB62411 and ANSI
T1.403 Network Interface specifications. Note
that the framed 3 IN 24 test pattern causes this
LED to illuminate. If the pattern is T1-QRSS,
this LED is suppressed.

Excess Zeros — Illuminates when 16 or more

consecutive zeros are detected in AMI coding.
When using B8ZS coding, this LED illuminates
when eight or more consecutive zeros are detected.

DESCRIPTION

Yellow Alarm — Illuminates when bit 2 is set to

zero for 255 consecutive channels for D4, D1D,
and SLC-96 framing, or when the yellow alarm
pattern (0000 0000 1111 1111) is detected in the
ESF datalink. This alarm condition only applies
to framed T1 signals after frame synchroniza­tion has been acquired.

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SECTION 3

AIS — Illuminates when 2048 consecutive ones

are detected in an unframed format.

Low Battery — Illuminates approximately 15

minutes before the battery is completely drained
of power. The battery is recharged as necessary
anytime AC power is applied. For a full charge,
recharge the battery for approximately eight
hours with the instrument turned off. Refer to
Section 2.7 Battery Replacement for additional
information.

HIST RESET Switch 19

Pressing this switch clears all History LEDs. Note
that this switch does not restart a test, nor does it affect
any of the current LEDs or accumulated test results.
The RESTART switch also clears the illuminated
History LEDs.

DESCRIPTION

SUMMARY Category Messages

The SUMMARY category provides a convenient
way to monitor specific results and measurements
without having to search through the other catego­ries. The SUMMARY category also provides a num­ber of messages indicating whether the results are in
or out of specification.

The SUMMARY category is selected by pressing the

CATEGORY switch. When the category is selected,

the name appears in the CATEGORY display.

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

During initial acquisition of the received signal, the
SUMMARY category should be displayed. The fol-

lowing messages can appear during signal acquisition:

DESCRIPTION

ALL RESULTS OK

all summary results are error-free or meet speci­fication boundaries.

ALL RESULTS UNAVAILABLE

appears at a test restart when the instrument has
not synchronized with the received signal.

When an error is detected, the appropriate test result
appears in the RESULTS display. Refer to Section 5
Test Results for more information on the results that
appear in the SUMMARY category.

— Message appears when

— Message

3.5 MAINFRAME
— TROUBLESHOOTING CONTROLS

During T1 circuit testing, it is often necessary to
determine the location of problems identified through
testing. This often involves gathering additional in­formation by sectionalizing the T1 span to isolate the
problem. Figure 3-6 illustrates the following trouble­shooting controls and indicators that are used to help
sectionalize the T1 circuit.

• LOOP CODES switch 20

• LOOP UP switch 21

• LOOP DOWN switch 22

• Pre-Existing Loop LED 23

• ERR INS switch 24

3-29

SECTION 3

INSTRUMENT
DESCRIPTION

23
21
20

22

24

BRIDGE

TERM

DSX MON

RCVD

B8ZS

RX

INPUT

ERR

INS

PROG

PRE-EXISTING LOOP

CSU

NIU

LOOP

CODES

-15.0

-22.5

-7.5

LOOP

UP

LOOP

DOWN

0

LBO

Figure 3-6

Troubleshooting Controls and Indicators

LOOP CODES Switch 20

This switch selects the type of loop code transmitted
and responded to by the T-BERD 107A: CSU, NIU,
or PROG. The T-BERD 107A can transmit loop-up
and loop-down codes (LOOP UP and LOOP DOWN
switches) to devices that can respond to in-band loop
codes or out-of-band (ESF datalink) loop codes.
These loop codes enable the T-BERD 107A to
establish an out-of-service loopback anywhere along
the span. Loop codes can be sent framed or unframed.

The following auxiliary functions are used in con­junction with the LOOP CODES switch to determine
the loop codes that are transmitted and responded to
by the T-BERD 107A (see Section 4 Auxiliary
Functions):

AUX PGM LPUP — Programs the program-

mable loop-up code.

AUX PGM LPDN — Programs the program-

mable loop-down code.

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

AUX AUTORESP — Determines if the T-BERD

107A responds to the selected loop code and
establishes a loopback.

AUX LOOPCODE — Determines what CSU

loop code is transmitted or responded to when
the LOOP CODES switch is set to CSU, NIU,
and PROG.

LOOP UP Switch 21

This LED switch controls the transmission of the
loop-up code. The LED within the LOOP UP switch
illuminates for the duration of loop code transmis­sion. The switch is disabled in T1 TLB and T1 LLB
modes.

To verify the looping of the circuit, observe the Status
LEDs for indications of synchronization to the trans­mitted signal, insert a single error in the transmitted
signal, and observe the received signal. If the inserted
error does not appear on the received signal, the
circuit failed to loop up properly.

DESCRIPTION

When the LOOP UP switch is pressed, the following
occurs:

• The loop code is continuously transmitted

until an appropriate response is detected at
the T-BERD 107A receiver, a pre-existing
loop is detected, a pre-determined time-out
interval of three seconds (out-of-band pay­load only) is exceeded, any major switch is
pressed, or the LOOP UP switch is pressed
again.

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

DESCRIPTION

• If an in-band loop code is selected, the

transmitted loop code overwrites the se-

lected data pattern and LOOP UP appears

in the PATTERN display. If an ESF out-of-

band loop code is selected, the loop code is

transmitted in the datalink and does not

overwrite the test pattern.

• The switch LED illuminates while trans-

mitting the loop code.

LOOP DOWN Switch 22

This LED switch controls the transmission of the
loop-down code. The LED within the LOOP DOWN
switch illuminates for the duration of loop-code
transmission. The switch is disabled in T1 TLB and
T1 LLB modes.

When the LOOP DOWN switch is pressed, the fol­lowing occurs:

• The loop code is continuously transmitted

until an appropriate response is detected at

the T-BERD 107A receiver, a pre-deter-

mined time-out interval (three seconds for

out-of-band payload, 250 milliseconds for

out-of-band line) is exceeded, any major

switch is pressed, or the LOOP DOWN

switch is pressed again.

• If an in-band loop code is selected, the

transmitted loop code overwrites the se-

lected data pattern and LOOP DN appears

in the PATTERN display. If an ESF out-of-

band loop code is selected, the loop code is

transmitted in the datalink and does not

overwrite the test pattern.

• The switch LED illuminates while trans-

mitting the loop code.

3-32

INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

Pre-Existing Loop LED 23

This red LED illuminates when a pre-existing loop
is detected. The Pre-Existing Loop LED illumi­nates and remains illuminated for five seconds
during an in-band loop-up attempt when an in-band
loop-up code is detected within one and a half
seconds from the start of loop-up code transmis­sion. When a pre-existing loop is detected, the
transmission of the in-band loop-up code is imme­diately halted, and the
extinguished.

ERR INS Switch 24

This switch inserts a single logic error and a single
BPV into the transmitted data stream each time it is
pressed. When performing out-of-service tests, use
the ERR INS switch to ensure continuity of the
system.

DESCRIPTION

LOOP UP

switch LED is

Logic errors and BPVs can be inserted in all transmit­ted signals, except when T1 LLB mode is selected.
Logic errors and BPVs are inserted without regard to
B8ZS coding sequences. This may cause the same
error multiplication (one inserted error causing mul­tiple errors) that occurs on a repeatered span. Errors
are randomly inserted on data bits (99.48% probabil­ity) and frame bits (0.52% probability). If the inserted
error overwrites a data bit while in T1 ESF, it will
cause a CRC error.

3-33

INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

DESCRIPTION

3.6 MAINFRAME — PRINTER CONTROL

The T-BERD 107A can generate a printout manu-

ally or automatically. The printouts provide a hard copy
of the test results and the instrument configuration. The
print function is controlled through the following auxil­iary functions (see Section 4 Auxiliary Functions):

AUX PRINT — Selects the type of printout

(results or controls) and initiates the printout.

AUX BUF CLR — Clears the print buffer of all

stored printouts.

AUX PRI INTV — Determines the time interval

between automatic results printouts during a
timed test.

AUX PRI EVNT — Selects the type of event that

automatically generates a results printout.
The following connector is used to generate

printouts.

PRINTER Connector 25

This female, 8-pin DIN-type connector serves as the
RS-232 printer interface connector. It is configured
with DCE pinouts to connect the T-BERD 107A to
the PR-40A or compatible printer. The connector
interface is configured with the following auxiliary
functions (see Section 4 Auxiliary Functions):

AUX PRNTPORT — Sets the interface pa-

rameters. BAUDRATE selections are 300,
1200, 2400, 4800, and 9600. PARITY selec­tions are NONE, ODD, and EVEN. TERM
232 selections are CR (Carriage return) and
CRLF (Carriage Return-Linefeed).

3-34

INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

DESCRIPTION

3.7 SLC DATALINK DECODE OPTION

— INTRODUCTION

The SLC Datalink Decode Option (107A-1)
provides the T-BERD 107A with the ability to moni­tor and report on the SLC Mode 1 and SLC Mode 2
datalink. This option adds the DATALINK category
with two SLC datalink alarm results. In addition, this
option enables the T-BERD 107A to display and store
SLC datalink alarm and maintenance messages.

NOTE: Unless indicated, the capabilities of the

mainframe are applicable to the SLC Data­link Decode Option.

3.8 SLC DATALINK DECODE OPTION

— TEST SETUP

MODE Switch

The following modes are added to the operating mode
selections in place of the standard T1 SLC mode.

SLC-M1 — SLC-Mode 1 mode configures the

T-BERD 107A to monitor the SLC-Mode 1

datalink on SLC-96 circuits.

SLC-M2 — SLC-Mode 2 mode configures the

T-BERD 107A to monitor the SLC-Mode 2

datalink on SLC-96 circuits.

3-35

INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

DESCRIPTION

3.9 SLC DATALINK DECODE OPTION
— TEST RESULTS

CATEGORY Switch

In addition to the four standard mainframe catego­ries, the following category is added to the switch
selections.

DATALINK — The DATALINK category in-

cludes the SLC Alarm Seconds and Alarm Field
Size test results that are taken from the SLC
datalink signal.

Collecting Test Results

With the SLC Datalink Decode Option installed, the
test results are divided into five categories. The test
results in each selected category are displayed by
pressing the RESULTS switch. Following are the
additional category and results.

3-36

SECTION 3

INSTRUMENT
DESCRIPTION

(x = A, B, C, or D)

Far-End Loop on Shelf x (x = A, B, C, or D)

Current Alarm Messages Definition

MAJOR ALARM SHELF x Major Alarm and a Shelf x Alarm (x = A, B, C, or D)

MAJOR ALARM NO SHELF Major Alarm Without a Shelf Alarm

ALARM SHELF x Alarm Shelf x Without a Major Alarm

SUMMARY Category

FE LOOP SHELF x

3-37

FE LOOP PROTECT Far-End Loop on Protection Line

SHELF x ON PROT Shelf x on Protection Line (x = A, B, C, or D)

MINOR ALARM Minor Alarm

PWR/MISC ALARM Power/Miscellaneous Alarm

MAINT HOOK/SEIZE On-Hook/Seize Maintenance Message

MAINT PROCEED Proceed Maintenance Message

MAINT TEST ALARM Test Alarm Maintenance Message

DATALINK SYNC LOSS Datalink Synchronization

NO DATALINK SYNC No Datalink Synchronization

SECTION 3

INSTRUMENT
DESCRIPTION

Test Result Definition

SLC ALM SEC SLC Alarm Seconds

ALM FIELD SLC Alarm Field Size

History Alarm Messages Definition

DATALINK Category

MAJOR ALARM SHELF x Major Alarm and a Shelf x Alarm (x = A, B, C, or D)

3-38

MAJOR ALARM NO SHELF Major Alarm Without a Shelf Alarm

ALARM SHELF x Alarm Shelf x Without a Major Alarm (x = A, B, C, or D)

FE LOOP SHELF x Far-End Loop on Shelf x (x = A, B, C, or D)

FE LOOP PROTECT Far-End Loop on Protection Line

SHELF x ON PROT Shelf x on Protection Line (x = A, B, C, or D)

MINOR ALARM Minor Alarm

PWR/MISC ALARM Power/Miscellaneous Alarm

MAINT HOOK/SEIZE On-Hook/Seize Maintenance Message

MAINT PROCEED Proceed Maintenance Message

MAINT TEST ALARM Test Alarm Maintenance Message

INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

DESCRIPTION

3.10 ADVANCED STRESS PATTERNS
OPTION — INTRODUCTION

The Advanced Stress Patterns Option (107A-2)
adds seven T1 stress patterns to the T-BERD 107A.
The seven T1 stress patterns are designed to stress
test the timing recovery circuits and span-line re­peater ALBO circuitry.

NOTE: Unless indicated, the capabilities of the

mainframe are applicable to the Advanced
Stress Patterns Option.

3.11 ADVANCED STRESS PATTERNS

OPTION — TEST SETUP

PATTERN Switch

In addition to the standard mainframe test patterns,
the Advanced Stress Patterns Option adds the fol­lowing T1 stress patterns. Unless otherwise indi­cated, these patterns can be transmitted framed or
unframed. See Appendix C for the bit and hexadeci­mal patterns.

T1 DALY — This 55-octet pattern has one byte

different than the 55 OCTET pattern. This

change enables the pattern to meet ones density

and maximum zeros criteria.

T1-2/96 — This 96-octet pattern can be used to

detect faulty M12 cards in DS3 equipment. The

pattern consists of a long series of high ones

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

density octets followed by quick changes from
average ones density to low ones density octets.
When the pattern is frame aligned, it provides a
SUmaximum of 15 zeros and meets the ones
density criteria. This pattern causes false frame
synchronization on D4-type framed circuits.

T1-3/54 — This 54-octet pattern can be used to

stress test repeater pre-amplification, equaliza­tion, and automatic line build-out (ALBO) cir­cuitry. The pattern consists of rapid transitions
from low ones density to high ones density
octets. When the pattern is frame aligned, it
exceeds the maximum zeros criteria and should
only be transmitted over the repeatered span and
not the network.

T1-4/120 — This 120-octet pattern can be used

to stress test equalization circuits between T1
multiplexers. This pattern is similar to the
T1-2/96 pattern and consists of rapid changes
from high ones density to minimum ones den­sity octets. When the pattern is frame aligned, it
contains a maximum of seven zeros and meets
the ones density criteria.

DESCRIPTION

T1-5/53 — This 53-octet pattern can be used to

stress test repeater equalization circuits and au­tomatic line build-out (ALBO) circuitry. The
pattern consists of rapid transitions from high
ones density octets to low ones density octets.
When the pattern is frame aligned, it does not
exceed the maximum zeros criteria, but it does
exceed the 8(n+1) ones density criteria. The
pattern should only be transmitted over the
repeatered span and not the network.

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SECTION 3

55 OCTET — This 55-octet pattern can be

used to stress test repeater timing recovery
and ALBO circuitry. The pattern consists of
rapid transitions from high ones density octets
to low ones density octets. When the pattern is
frame aligned, it violates the maximum zeros
and ones density criteria. The pattern should
only be transmitted over the repeatered span
and not the network.

MIN/MAX — This 72-octet minimum/maximum

density pattern can be used to stress test repeater
pre-amplification, equalization, and ALBO cir­cuitry. The pattern consists of rapid transitions
from low ones density to high ones density
octets. When the pattern is frame aligned, it
meets the maximum zeros and ones density
criteria.

DESCRIPTION

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SECTION 3

INSTRUMENT
DESCRIPTION

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

DESCRIPTION

3.12 ENHANCED ESF OPTION
— INTRODUCTION

The Enhanced ESF Option (107A-3) provides
the comprehensive and advanced test capabilities
required for installing and maintaining ANSI T1.403
ESF circuits. This option provides monitor and emu­lation capabilities of the one-second broadcast of
Performance Report Message (PRM), per the ANSI
T1.403 specification.

The Enhanced ESF Option also adds the
SMARTNIU operating mode, which provides ac­cess to the T1 span performance statistics recorded
by the Westell 3114-40, -50, or -90 NIU/Perfor­mance Monitor. This operating mode also supports
the Clear Results and Set Clock features of the
NIU/Performance Monitor.

NOTE: Unless indicated, the capabilities of the

mainframe are applicable to the Enhanced
ESF Option.

3.13 ENHANCED ESF OPTION

— TEST SETUP

MODE Switch

In addition to the standard mainframe operating
modes, the following modes are added to the switch
selections:

SMARTNIU — Smart NIU/Performance Moni-

tor mode configures the T-BERD 107A to query

the Performance Monitor portion of the Westell

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

combined NIU/Performance Monitor equip­ment for the T1 span statistics it recorded.
When this mode is enabled, all unrelated func­tions are disabled, framing is set to T1 ESF,
and the transmitted pattern is set to 1:1. The
SMARTNIU mode enables three functions;
Query, Clear Results, and Set Clock.

PATTERN Switch

When the SMARTNIU mode is enabled, the follow­ing switch selections are available:

RESULTS — The RESULTS position activates

the Query function of the SMARTNIU mode,
which queries, retrieves, and stores the perfor­mance monitor statistics. When RESULTS is
selected, the RCVD, LOOP CODES, LOOP UP,

LOOP DOWN, and ERR INS switches are dis-

abled. One complete set of performance moni­tor statistics can be stored at a time, so
previously stored statistics are cleared from
the T-BERD 107A by the next query.

DESCRIPTION

SETUP — The SETUP position allows the

T-BERD 107A to either clear the recorded
statistics from the NIU/Performance Monitor or
set the NIU/Performance Monitor time and date
to match the T-BERD 107A’s time and date.
The Clear Results function is performed after
the results are retrieved using the CLEAR NIU
selection. The Set Clock function is performed
using the SET CLOCK position.

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INSTRUMENT

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Auxiliary Functions

The following auxiliary function controls the setup
and operation of the Enhanced ESF Option (see
Section 4 Auxiliary Functions):

AUX DATALINK — When the Enhanced ESF

Option is installed, this auxiliary function is

used to select the PRM transmit emulation mode

and to determine whether or not the T-BERD

107A will display PRMs, as well as to determine

whether or not the T-BERD 107A will display

BPMs and to program eight-bit BPM commands.

DESCRIPTION

3.14 ENHANCED ESF OPTION

— TEST RESULTS

RESTART Switch

When the T-BERD 107A is in the SMARTNIU
mode, regardless of whether the SETUP window or
RESULTS window is displayed, pressing the RE-

START

retrieves the T1 span performance statistics from the
NIU/Performance Monitor. The T-BERD 107A dis­plays the PIR result for both directions (AZ and ZA)
and periodically flashes the following message.

switch activates the Query function and

QUERY IN PROGRESS/### OF nnn RE-

CEIVED — indicates the Query function is

continuing and has retrieved a portion of the

total messages stored in the NIU/Performance

Monitor, where ### is the number of messages

retrieved and nnn is the number of total mes-

sages stored in the NIU/Performance Monitor.

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

When the Query function stops, the T-BERD 107A
displays the PIR result for both directions (AZ and
ZA) and periodically flashes one of the following
messages to indicate the results:

QUERY COMPLETE/ALL DATA OK — indi­cates Query function is complete with no errors
reported.

QUERY COMPLETE/ERRORS DETECTED —
indicates Query function is complete with one or
more errors reported.

QUERY FAILURE/NO DATA AVAILABLE —
indicates the Query function failed with no data
retrieved. Query failure was caused by loss of
signal, loss of frame, excessive re-transmission
of a message, timeout of a response to a query
message, or loss of power.

QUERY FAILURE/PARTIAL DATA OK — in­dicates the Query function failed with some
messages retrieved. The retrieved data reported
no errors. Query failure was caused by loss of
signal, loss of frame, excessive re-transmission
of a message, timeout of a response to a query
message, or loss of power.

DESCRIPTION

QUERY FAILURE/ERRORS DETECTED —
indicates the Query function failed with some
messages retrieved. The retrieved data included
error messages. Query failure was caused by
loss of signal, loss of frame, excessive re-trans­mission of a message, timeout of a response to
a query message, or loss of power.

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

CATEGORY Switch

When the T-BERD 107A is in the SMARTNIU
mode with the SETUP position selected, pressing the

CATEGORY switch activates the Set Clock func-

tion. The message SET CLOCK IN PROGRESS is
displayed for approximately ten seconds. When the
Set Clock function stops, the T-BERD 107A dis­plays one of the following messages to indicate the
results.

SET CLOCK FAILED — indicates the Set

Clock function failed to set the time and date to

match the T-BERD 107A’s time and date. This

could be the result of poor connections. Check

the T1 circuit connections and try again.

CLOCK SET — indicates the Set Clock func-

tion has set the NIU/Performance Monitor time

and date to match the T-BERD 107A’s time and

date.

DESCRIPTION

RESULTS Switch

When the T-BERD 107A is in the SMARTNIU
mode wiht the SETUP position selected, pressing the

RESULTS switch activates the Clear Results func-

tion of the NIU/Performance Monitor. The message
CLEAR NIU IN PROGRESS is displayed for ap­proximately ten seconds. When the Clear Results
function stops, the T-BERD 107A displays one of the
following messages to indicate the results.

CLEAR NIU FAILED — indicates the Clear

Results function failed to clear the NIU/Perfor-

mance Monitor of all messages. This could be

the result of poor connections. Check the T1

circuit connections and try again.

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

NIU CLEARED — indicates all results are
cleared from the NIU/Performance Monitor.

SHELF x Alarm (x = A, B, C, or D)

Collecting Test Results

When in the T1 ESF or FT1 ESF modes, the ESF
datalink far-end PRM results enable the T-BERD
107A to monitor and report on the status of the ESF
datalink PRM as described in the ANSI T1.403-1989
standard. The far-end PRM results appear in the
DATALINK and SUMMARY categories and include:

PRM TIME Received Performance

FAR FRM ES Far-End Frame Error

FAR FRM SES Far-End Severely Er-

FAR BPV SEC Far-End BPV Seconds
FAR SLP SEC Far-End Controlled Slip

FAR PRM SEC Far-End Performance

FAR CRC ERR Far-End CRC Error

FCRC 1 Far-End CRC Bin 1
FCRC 2-5 Far-End CRC 2 to 5 Bin

FCRC 6-10 Far-End CRC 6 to 10

FCRC 11-100 Far-End CRC 11 to 100

FCRC 101-319 Far-End CRC 101 to 319

FCRC >319 Far-End CRC 319 to 333

PAY SRC Far-End Payload Source/

DESCRIPTION

Report Time

Seconds

rored Framing Seconds

Seconds

Report Seconds

Events

(Bin 2)

Bin (Bin 3)

Bin (Bin 4)

Bin (Bin 5)

Bin (Bin 6)

Loopback

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

DESCRIPTION

The far-end PRM results are available when the
ESF operating mode is selected and the AUX
DATALINK function PRM RCVR is ON. The far­end PRM results are also available in the AUTO
LLB and T1 LLB modes.

In the SMARTNIU mode, the NIU/Performance
Monitor stored statistics can be retrieved, but they
can not be displayed in the RESULTS display. Only
the Performance Indication Ratios are displayed as
percentage values representing the overall perfor­mance of the circuit in each direction.

MODE

CATG

SMARTNIU PIR

PATT

RESULTS AZ ZA

100 94
<91 97

MODE PATTERN CATEGOR Y RESUL TS

The retrieved data is only available as a Smart NIU
Results printout. The T1 circuit is monitored in both
directions, and the results are stored as either AZ (CO
to NIU) or ZA (Customer to NIU). The statistics are
recorded and identified as follows:

CVL — Line Coding Violations is a count of

bipolar violations that are not part of a B8ZS

sequence.

ESL — Line Errored Seconds is a count of

seconds in which at least one CVL has occurred.

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

SESL — Line Severely Errored Seconds is a

DESCRIPTION

count of seconds in which 1544 or more CVLs
have occurred (corresponds to a bit error rate of
10E-3).

UASL — Line Unavailable Seconds is a count

of seconds that a line was unavailable. A line is
unavailable when ten or more consecutive SESLs
occur.

CVP — Path Coding Violation is a count of

CRC-6 errors or frame errors.

ESP — Path Errored Seconds is a count of

seconds in which at least one CVP has occurred.

SESP — Path Severely Errored Seconds is a

count of seconds in which 330 or more CVPs or
eight or more frame errors have occurred.

UASP — Path Unavailable Seconds is a count

of seconds that a line was unavailable. A line is
unavailable when ten or more consecutive SESPs
occur.

PDVS — Pulse Density Violation Seconds is a

count of seconds in which 16 consecutive zeros
have occurred (8 consecutive zeros for B8ZS
encoding).

B8ZS — B8ZS Violation Seconds is a count of

seconds in which a B8ZS code is detected on a
non-B8ZS circuit. This parameter is not valid on
B8ZS circuits.

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

MSEC — Monitored Seconds is a count of

seconds in which valid performance informa­tion is recorded.

STAT — Status Register is an eight-bit register

with the following bits: Bit 1 - Loopback Re­quest, Bit 2 - Data Incomplete Indicator, Bit
3 - Loss of Signal Indicator, Bit 5 - Loss of
Power, Bit 6 - Alarm Indication Signal (AIS),
Bit 7 - Yellow Alarm, and Bit 8 - Out-of-Frame.

PIR — Performance Indication Ratio is a per-

centage providing a “quick glance” indication
of the performance of the span. The closer the
number is to one-hundred, the better the perfor­mance.

DESCRIPTION

3.15 ENHANCED ESF OPTION
— PRINTER CONTROL

PRINT Switch

When in SMARTNIU mode, press the
RESULTS position to generate a SMART NIU re­sults printout. The printout lists the statistics retrieved
from the NIU/Performance Monitor at the end of a
standard results printout. A complete SMART NIU
results printout will list recorded results for the cur­rent hour (CURRENT HOUR), each of the previous
23 hours (HISTORY HOUR 01 through HISTORY
HOUR 23), the current day (CURRENT DAY), and
the previous week (HISTORY DAY 01 through
HISTORY DAY 07) in the format that follows.

PRINT

switch

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

SMART NIU RESULTS DATA COLLECTED
AT:

13:1408-27-93

Key for STAT res.

- - - - - - - - - ­1 = Looped Back
2 = Data Incomplet
3 = Loss of Signal
4 = Unused
5 = Power Loss
6 = AIS
7 = Yellow Alarm
8 = Out of Frame

AZ-PIR EFS: 100% AZ-PIR STAT:
<=91%
ZA-PIR EFS: 100% ZA-PIR STAT:
<=91%

CURRENT HOUR 13:00 08-27-93
AZ-CVL : 1372261 AZ-ESL : 14
AZ-SESL: 0 AZ-UASL: 0
AZ-CVP : 1372261 AZ-ESP : 14
AZ-SESP: 0 AZ-UASP: 0
AZ-PDVS: 0 AZ-B8ZS: 0
AZ-MSEC: 0 AZ-STAT: 21

DESCRIPTION

ZA-CVL : 358367 ZA-ESL : 3518
ZA-SESL: NA ZA-UASL: NA
ZA-CVP : 356959 ZA-ESP : 0
ZA-SESP: NA ZA-UASP: NA
ZA-PDVS: NA ZA-B8ZS: NA
ZA-MSEC: NA ZA-STAT: NA

HISTORY HOUR 01 12:00 08-27-93
AZ-CVL : 0 AZ-ESL : 08

•

•

•

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

DESCRIPTION

3.16 SMART LOOPBACK/COMMAND

CODES OPTIONS

—

INTRODUCTION

The Intelligent Network Support Option
(107A-4) enables the T-BERD 107A to loop up and
loop down intelligent T1 repeaters.

3.17

SMART LOOPBACK/COMMAND
CODES OPTIONS

AUX Switch

The Intelligent Network Support Option adds the
AUX SMARTNET function, which allows you to
select specific intelligent repeater types by manufac­turer and model. It also adds a number of intelligent
network equipment loop codes to the selections of
the AUX LOOPCODE function. For more informa­tion, refer to Section 4.2 Auxiliary Functions.

— TEST SETUP

The following auxiliary functions are affected by or
have an affect on the Intelligent Network Support
Option (see Section 4).

AUX LOOPCODE — When intelligent network

equipment is selected in the AUX SMARTNET

function, the loop code type and address (if

applicable) are selected from the AUX

LOOPCODE function.

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

DESCRIPTION

3.18 SMART LOOPBACK/COMMAND
CODES OPTIONS
— TROUBLESHOOTING

LOOP CODES Switch

In the PROG position, this switch enables you to send
user-programmable loop codes to loop up or loop
down intelligent repeaters. The loop code is deter­mined by the AUX LOOPCODE and AUX
SMARTNET functions. For more information, refer
to Section 4.2 Auxiliary Functions.

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INSTRUMENT

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DESCRIPTION

3.19 FRACTIONAL T1 (FT1) OPTION
— INTRODUCTION

The Fractional T1 (FT1) Option (107A-5) pro­vides fractional T1 modes for contiguous and
noncontiguous, 56KxN and 64KxN, FT1 testing
capabilities in D4, and ESF framing formats.

It also provides three FT1 stress patterns (63,
511, and 2047) for testing DDS and fractional T1
circuits.The FT1 Option replaces the 1000 Hz pattern
with four VF tones for insertion on single DS0
channels within the DS1 signal.

NOTE: Unless indicated, the capabilities of the

mainframe are applicable to the FT1 Option.

3.20 FRACTIONAL T1 (FT1) OPTION

— TEST SETUP

MODE Switch

In addition to the mainframe operating modes, the
following FT1 operating modes are also available:

FT1 D4 — D4 Superframe Fractional T1 mode

configures the T-BERD 107A to transmit and

receive D4 framed FT1 data. The FT1 D4 mode

is compatible with the D4 superframe format.

FT1 ESF — Extended Superframe Fractional

T1 mode configures the T-BERD 107A to trans-

mit and receive ESF framed FT1 data.

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

DESCRIPTION

Auxiliary Functions

In addition to the standard mainframe auxiliary func­tions, the following auxiliary functions are added to
the T-BERD 107A (see Section 4).

AUX FT1 CHAN — The Fractional T1 Channel

Bandwidth auxiliary function selects the FT1
channel bandwidth being tested in FT1 circuits.

AUX FT1 RATE — The Fractional T1 Channel

Rate auxiliary function sets the FT1 channel
rate.

AUX FT1 IDLE — The Fractional T1 Idle Code

auxiliary function sets the FT1 idle code.

AUX VF TONE — The Voice Frequency Tone

Selection auxiliary function selects the VF fre­quency and level of the transmitted VF tone. The
VF tone is transmitted on only a single channel,
which is the channel selected in the AUX VF
CHAN function.

The following auxiliary functions are affected by or
have an affect on the FT1 Option (see Section 4).

AUX AUTORESP — When operating in the

FT1 modes and AUTO RESPONSE is enabled,
the T-BERD 107A does not respond to in-band
loop codes. However, the T-BERD 107A does
respond to ESF out-of-band loop codes when
configured for FT1 ESF operation. The AUTO
RESPONSE mode establishes a full bandwidth
loopback and bit error rate test.

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

AUX LOOPCODE — When FT1 modes are

DESCRIPTION

selected, the T-BERD 107A sends in-band

loop codes within the selected FT1 channel

bandwidth. However, the T-BERD 107A does

not respond to FT1 in-band loop codes. Out-

of-band loop codes are not affected by the FT1

Option.

PATTERN Switch

When an FT1 mode is enabled, the following stress
patterns are available:

63 — A 63-bit (2

6

-1) pseudorandom pattern that
generates a maximum of five sequential zeros
and six sequential ones.

511 — A 511-bit (2

9

-1) pseudorandom pattern
that generates a maximum of eight sequential
zeros and nine sequential ones. This pattern is
generally used to test DDS and other circuits
operating below 9.6 kb/s.

2047 — A 2047-bit (2

11

-1) pseudorandom pat­tern that generates a maximum of ten sequential
zeros and eleven sequential ones. This pattern is
generally used to test DDS and other circuits
operating between 9.6 and 56 kb/s.

<tone> — The tone frequency selected in the

AUX VF TONE function is displayed as a
pattern selection. The selection is either 404 Hz,
1004 Hz, 2713 Hz, or 2804 Hz.

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INSTRUMENT

SECTION 3

When an FT1 mode is enabled, the following
stress patterns are affected:

VF Tones — VF tones should not be used when

the 56KxN data rate is selected.

BRIDGTAP and MULTIPAT — The

BRIDGTAP and MULTIPAT patterns are de­signed for full T1 bandwidth performance. These
patterns should not be used for FT1 testing.

DESCRIPTION

3.21 FRACTIONAL T1 (FT1) OPTION
— TROUBLESHOOTING

LOOP UP and LOOP DOWN Switches

When testing FT1 circuits, the T-BERD 107A in­band loop codes are transmitted within the selected
FT1 channel bandwidth or in the ESF datalink.

3-58

AUXILIARY

SECTION 4

FUNCTIONS

AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS

4.1 INTRODUCTION

Auxiliary functions allow access to parameters
that are less frequently used and do not have dedi­cated switches. When the AUX switch is pressed, the
LED within the switch illuminates and the character
display changes as follows:

• AUX appears in the MODE display.

• The last selected auxiliary function appears

in the PATTERN display. If this is the first
use of the auxiliary functions since a
NOVRAM reset or the initial power up of
the instrument, USER1 is displayed.

• The auxiliary function’s parameters appear

in the RESULTS display.

Once the auxiliary functions are disabled, all the
displays return to the previous values.

Table 4-1 lists the available auxiliary functions.
The auxiliary functions are described in factory­default order.

4-1

AUXILIARY

SECTION 4

T-BERD 107A Auxiliary Functions

Auxiliary
Function Description

AUX USER1 User 1 Programmable

AUX USER2 User 2 Programmable

AUX USER3 User 3 Programmable

AUX MULTIPAT MULTIPAT Pattern

AUX DENSITY Ones Density Alarm

AUX AUTORESP Automatic Loop Code

AUX PGM LPUP Programmable Loop-

AUX PGM LPDN Programmable Loop-

AUX LOOPCODE Loop Code Select
AUX SMARTNET Intelligent Network

AUX DATALINK ESF Datalink Features

AUX VF TONE Voice Frequency

AUX VF CHAN VF Channel Selection
AUX VOLUME Volume
AUX TIME TST Timed Test
AUX TEST LEN Test Length
AUX PRINT Print
AUX BUF CLR Buffer Clear
AUX PRI EVNT Print Event
AUX PRI INTV Print Interval

FUNCTIONS

Table 4-1

Test Pattern

Test Pattern

Test Pattern

Selection and Duration

Control

Response

Up Code

Down Code

Equipment Select*

Select

Tone**

4-2

AUXILIARY

SECTION 4

FUNCTIONS

Table 4-1 (Continued)

T-BERD 107A Auxiliary Functions

Auxiliary
Function Description

AUX PRNTPORT Printer Interface Setup
AUX CLOCK Time and Date
AUX FT1 IDLE Fractional T1 Idle

Channel Code**

AUX FT1 RATE Fractional T1 Rate

Select**

AUX FT1 CHAN Fractional T1 Channel

Select**

* Smart Loopback/Command Codes Option required.

* * Fractional T1 Option required.

4.2 AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS

AUX USER1, USER2, and USER3
— Programmable Test Patterns

MODE

PATT

CATG

AUX FWD 1/0
USER1 REV END

101010101010
1010101010__

MODE PA TTERN CATEGORY RESULTS

4-3

AUXILIARY

SECTION 4

FUNCTIONS

The AUX USER1, AUX USER2, and AUX

USER3 functions allow three user-defined 3- to 24-bit
patterns to be programmed. These patterns are trans­mitted when USER1, USER2, or USER3 is selected
with the

PATTERN

switch. Each pattern is transmit­ted from left to right as it is displayed. The factory
default settings are 010100100 for the AUX USER1
function, 001101110 for the AUX USER2 function,
and 110001110 for the AUX USER3 function.

Use the following procedure to change the pat-

tern setting.

1. AUX and PATTERN switch

Press the
functions. Press the

AUX

switch to activate the auxiliary

PATTERN

switch to se­lect the AUX USER1 function, AUX USER2
function, or AUX USER3 function.

2. CATEGORY switch

Press the up or down arrow to move the
cursor (blinking bit) to the bit to be toggled.
The up arrow moves the cursor forward
(FWD) from left to right. The down arrow
moves the cursor in the reverse (REV) direc­tion from right to left.

3. RESULTS switch

Press the up arrow to toggle the selected bit
(blinking digit) between “1” and “0”.

4. CATEGORY and RESULTS switches

Repeat Steps 2 and 3 until the desired bit
pattern is complete. Move to the last bit of
the pattern.

4-4