• Filing status name changed from
Qualifying widow(er) to Qualiying
surviving spouse.
For details on these and other
changes, see What’s New in these
instructions.
See IRS.gov and IRS.gov/Forms, and for the latest information about developments related to Forms 1040 and
1040-SR and their instructions, such as legislation enacted after they were published, go to IRS.gov/Form1040.
Free File is the fast, safe, and free way to prepare and e-file your taxes. See IRS.gov/FreeFile.
Pay Online. It’s fast, simple, and secure. Go to IRS.gov/Payments.
Including the instructions for
Schedules 1 through 3
1040
(
and
1040-SR
)
2022
TAX YEAR
Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service www.irs.gov
Jan 20, 2023Cat. No. 24811V
Department
of the
Treasury
Internal
Revenue
Service
Table of Contents
ContentsPageContentsPage
What's New ........................6
Filing Requirements ..................8
Do You Have To File? ..............8
When and Where Should You File? .....8
Line Instructions for Forms 1040 and
1040-SR ...................... 12
Filing Status ................... 12
Name and Address ............... 14
Social Security Number (SSN) ....... 14
Dependents, Qualifying Child for
Child Tax Credit, and Credit for
Other Dependents .............. 17
Income ....................... 23
Total Income and Adjusted Gross
Income ..................... 31
Tax and Credits ................. 31
Payments ..................... 37
Refund ....................... 56
Amount You Owe ................ 58
Sign Your Return ................ 60
Assemble Your Return ............ 62
2022 Tax Table .................... 63
General Information ................. 76
Refund Information .................. 82
Instructions for Schedule 1 ............. 83
Instructions for Schedule 2 ............. 95
Instructions for Schedule 3 ............ 100
Tax Topics ...................... 104
Disclosure, Privacy Act, and Paperwork
Reduction Act Notice ............ 106
Major Categories of Federal Income and
Outlays for Fiscal Year 2021....... 108
Index .......................... 110
-2-
Have additional income, such as business or farm income or
loss, unemployment compensation, or prize or award money.
Have any adjustments to income, such as student loan
interest, self-employment tax, or educator expenses.
Can claim a refundable credit (other than the earned income
credit, American opportunity credit, or additional child tax credit),
such as the net premium tax credit or qualied sick and family
leave credits from Schedule H.
Have other payments, such as an amount paid with a request for
an extension to le or excess social security tax withheld.
Owe alternative minimum tax (AMT) or need to make an
excess advance premium tax credit repayment.
Can claim a nonrefundable credit (other than the child tax credit
or the credit for other dependents), such as the foreign tax credit,
education credits, or general business credit.
Owe other taxes, such as self-employment tax, household
employment taxes, additional tax on IRAs or other qualied
retirement plans and tax-favored accounts.
Schedule 1, Part I
Schedule 1, Part II
Schedule 2, Part I
Schedule 3, Part I
Schedule 2, Part II
Schedule 3, Part II
IF YOU...THEN USE...
For 2022, you will use Form 1040 or, if you were born before January 2, 1958, you have the option to use
Form 1040-SR.
You may only need to le Form 1040 or 1040-SR and none of the numbered schedules, Schedules 1 through
3. However, if your return is more complicated (for example, you claim certain deductions or credits or owe
additional taxes), you will need to complete one or more of the numbered schedules. Below is a general guide
to which schedule(s) you will need to le based on your circumstances. See the instructions for the schedules
for more information.
If you e-file your return, the software you use will generally determine which schedules you need.
Form 1040 and 1040-SR
Helpful Hints
-3-
The Taxpayer Advocate Service Is Here To Help You
What is the Taxpayer Advocate Service?
The Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) is an independent organization within the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) that helps
taxpayers and protects taxpayer rights. TAS strives to ensure that every taxpayer is treated fairly and that you know and
understand your rights under the Taxpayer Bill of Rights.
What can TAS do for you?
TAS can help you if your tax problem is causing a financial difficulty, you've tried and been unable to resolve your issue with
the IRS, or you believe an IRS system, process, or procedure just isn't working as it should. And the service is free. If you
qualify for TAS assistance, you will be assigned to one advocate who will work with you throughout the process and will do
everything possible to resolve your issue. TAS can help you if:
Your problem is causing a financial difficulty for you, your family, or your business.
•
You face (or your business is facing) an immediate threat of adverse action.
•
You’ve tried to contact the IRS but no one has responded, or the IRS hasn’t responded by the date promised.
•
How can you reach TAS?
TAS has offices in every state, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. To find your advocate’s number:
Go to TaxpayerAdvocate.IRS.gov/contact-us;
•
Download Publication 1546, Taxpayer Advocate Service - We Are Here to Help You. If you do not have Internet access,
•
you can call the IRS toll free at 800-TAX-FORM (800-829-3676) and ask for a copy of Publication 1546;
Check your local directory; or
•
Call TAS toll free at 877-777-4778.
•
How can you learn about your taxpayer rights?
The Taxpayer Bill of Rights describes ten basic rights that all taxpayers have when dealing with the IRS. The TAS website
TaxpayerAdvocate.IRS.gov can help you understand what these rights mean to you and how they apply. These are your rights.
Know them. Use them.
How else does the Taxpayer Advocate Service help taxpayers?
TAS works to resolve large-scale problems that affect many taxpayers. If you know of one of these broad issues, please report it
to TAS at IRS.gov/SAMS. Be sure not to include any personal taxpayer information.
Low Income Taxpayer Clinics Help Taxpayers
Low Income Taxpayer Clinics (LITCs) are independent from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the Taxpayer Advocate
Service (TAS). LITCs represent individuals whose income is below a certain level and who need to resolve tax problems with
the IRS. LITCs can represent taxpayers in audits, appeals, and tax collection disputes before the IRS and in court. In addition,
LITCs can provide information about taxpayer rights and responsibilities in different languages for individuals who speak
English as a second language. Services are offered for free or a small fee. For more information or to find an LITC near you, see
the LITC page at TaxpayerAdvocate.IRS.gov/LITCMap or IRS Publication 4134, Low Income Taxpayer Clinic List. This
publication is available online at IRS.gov/Forms-Pubs or by calling the IRS toll free at 800-TAX-FORM (800-829-3676).
Suggestions for Improving the IRS
Taxpayer Advocacy Panel
Taxpayers have an opportunity to provide direct feedback to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) through the Taxpayer Advocacy
Panel (TAP). The TAP is a Federal Advisory Committee comprised of an independent panel of citizen volunteers who listen to
taxpayers, identify taxpayers' systemic issues, and make suggestions for improving IRS customer service. Contact TAP at
ImproveIRS.org.
-4-
Affordable Care Act—What You Need To Know
Requirement To Reconcile Advance Payments of the Premium Tax Credit
The premium tax credit helps pay premiums for health insurance purchased from the Marketplace. Eligible
individuals may have advance payments of the premium tax credit made on their behalf directly to the insurance
company.
If you or a family member enrolled in health insurance through the Marketplace and advance payments of the
premium tax credit were made to your insurance company to reduce your monthly premium payment, you must attach
Form 8962 to your return to reconcile (compare) the advance payments with your premium tax credit for the year.
The Marketplace is required to send Form 1095-A by January 31, 2023, listing the advance payments and other
information you need to complete Form 8962.
1. You will need Form 1095-A from the Marketplace.
2. Complete Form 8962 to claim the credit and to reconcile your advance credit payments.
3.
Include Form 8962 with your Form 1040, Form 1040-SR, or Form 1040-NR. (Don’t include Form 1095-A.)
Health Coverage Reporting
If you or someone in your family was an employee in 2022, the employer may be required to send you Form
1095-C. Part II of Form 1095-C shows whether your employer offered you health insurance coverage and, if
so, information about the offer. You should receive Form 1095-C by early March 2023. This information may be
relevant if you purchased health insurance coverage for 2022 through the Health Insurance Marketplace and
wish to claim the premium tax credit on Schedule 3, line 9. However, you don’t need to wait to receive this form
to file your return. You may rely on other information received from your employer. If you don’t wish to claim the
premium tax credit for 2022, you don’t need the information in Part II of Form 1095-C. For more information on
who is eligible for the premium tax credit, see the Instructions for Form 8962.
Reminder: Health care coverage. If you need health care coverage, go to www.HealthCare.gov to learn about
health insurance options for you and your family, how to buy health insurance, and how you might qualify to get
nancial assistance to buy health insurance.
-5-
What's New
For information about any additional changes to the 2022 tax law or any other developments affecting Form 1040 or 1040-SR or the instructions, go to IRS.gov/
Form1040.
Due date of return. File Form 1040 or
1040-SR by April 18, 2023. The due
date is April 18, instead of April 15, because of the Emancipation Day holiday
in the District of Columbia – even if you
don’t live in the District of Columbia.
Filing status name changed to qualifying surviving spouse. The filing status
qualifying widow(er) is now called qualifying surviving spouse. The rules for
the filing status have not changed. The
same rules that applied for qualifying
widow(er) apply to qualifying surviving
spouse. See Qualifying surviving spouse,
later.
Standard deduction amount increased. For 2022, the standard deduc-
tion amount has been increased for all
filers. The amounts are:
Single or Married filing separate-
•
ly—$12,950.
Married filing jointly or Qualify-
•
ing surviving spouse—$25,900.
Head of household—$19,400.
•
New lines 1a through 1z on Form
1040 and 1040-SR. This year line 1 is
expanded and there are new lines 1a
through 1z. Some amounts that in prior
years were reported on Form 1040 and
Form 1040-SR are now reported on
Schedule 1.
Scholarship and fellowship grants
•
that were not reported to you on Form
W-2 are now reported on Schedule 1,
line 8r.
Pension or annuity from a nonqua-
•
lified deferred compensation plan or a
nongovernmental section 457 plan are
now reported on Schedule 1, line 8t.
Wages earned while incarcerated
•
are now reported on Schedule 1, line 8u.
New line 6c on Form 1040 and
1040-SR. A checkbox was added on
line 6c. Taxpayers who elect to use the
lump-sum election method for their benefits will check this box. See Line 6c,
later.
Nontaxable Medicaid waiver payments on Schedule 1. For 2021, non-
taxable amounts of Medicaid waiver
payments reported on Form 1040, line 1,
were excluded from income on Schedule
1, line 8z. For 2022, nontaxable amounts
will be excluded on Schedule 1, line 8s.
Nontaxable combat pay election. For
2021, individuals elected to include their
nontaxable combat pay in their earned
income when figuring the earned income credit (EIC) by reporting it on
Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 27b. For
2022, they will make this election by reporting nontaxable combat pay on Form
1040 or 1040-SR, line 1i.
Credits for sick and family leave for
certain self-employed individuals are
not available. Self-employed individu-
als can no longer claim these credits.
Health coverage tax credit is not
available. The health coverage tax
credit was not extended. The credit is
not available after 2021.
Credit for child and dependent care
expenses. The changes to the credit for
child and dependent care expenses implemented by the American Rescue Plan
Act of 2021 (ARP), were not extended.
For 2022, the credit for the child and dependent care expenses is nonrefundable.
The dollar limit on qualifying expenses
is $3,000 for one qualifying person and
$6,000 for two or more qualifying persons. The maximum credit amount allowed is 35% of your employment-related expenses. For more information, see
the Instructions for Form 2441 and Pub.
503.
Child tax credit and additional child
tax credit. Many changes to the child
tax credit (CTC) implemented by ARP
were not extended. For 2022,
The initial credit amount of the
•
CTC is $2,000 for each qualifying child.
The amount of CTC that can be
•
claimed as a refundable credit is limited
as it was in 2020, except the maximum
additional child tax credit (ACTC)
amount has increased to $1,500 for each
qualifying child.
A child must be under age 17 at
•
the end of 2022 to be a qualifying child.
Bona fide residents of Puerto Rico
•
are no longer required to have three or
more qualifying children to be eligible
to claim the ACTC. Bona fide residents
of Puerto Rico may be eligible to claim
the ACTC if they have one or more
qualifying children.
For more information, see the In-
•
structions for Schedule 8812 (Form
1040).
Changes to the earned income credit
(EIC). The enhancements for taxpayers
without a qualifying child that applied
for 2021 don’t apply for 2022. This
means, to claim the EIC without a qualifying child in 2022 you must be at least
age 25 but under age 65 at the end of
2022. If you are married and filing a
joint return, either you or your spouse
must be at least age 25 but under age 65
at the end of 2022. It doesn’t matter
which spouse meets the age requirement, as long as one of the spouses does.
Reporting requirements for Form
1099-K. Form 1099-K is issued by third
party settlement organizations and credit
card companies to report payment transactions made to you for goods and services.
You must report all income on your
tax return unless excluded by law,
whether you received the income electronically or not, and whether you received a Form 1099-K or not. The
box 1a and other amounts reported on
Form 1099-K are additional pieces of information to help determine the correct
amounts to report on your return.
If you received a Form 1099-K that
shows payments you didn’t receive or is
otherwise incorrect, contact the Form
1099-K issuer. Don’t contact the IRS;
the IRS can’t correct an incorrect Form
1099-K. If you can’t get it corrected, or
you sold a personal item at a loss, see
the instructions for Schedule 1, lines 8z
and 24z, later, for more reporting information.
All IRS information about Form
1099-K is available by going to IRS.gov/
1099K.
-6-
Why have 49 million Americans used Free File?
•
Security—Free File uses the latest encryption technology to safeguard your information.
•
Faster Refunds—Join the eight in 10 taxpayers who get their refunds faster by using
direct deposit and e-le.
•
It’s Free—through IRS.gov/FreeFile.
•
Flexible Payments—File early; pay by April 18, 2023 (for most people).
•
Quick Receipt—Get an acknowledgment that your return was received and accepted.
•
Go Green—Reduce the amount of paper used.
IRS.gov is the gateway to all electronic services offered by the IRS, as well as the spot to download forms at IRS.gov/Forms.
Free Software Options for Doing Your Taxes
•
Greater Accuracy—Fewer errors mean faster processing.
Make your tax payments online—it’s easy.
You can make payments online, by phone, or from a mobile device. Paying online is safe and secure; it
puts you in control of paying your tax bill and gives you peace of mind. You determine the payment
date, and you will receive an immediate conrmation from the IRS. Go to IRS.gov/Payments to see all
your online payment options.
Do Your Taxes for Free
If your adjusted gross income was $73,000 or less in 2022, you can use free tax software to prepare and e-le your tax return.
Earned more? Use Free File Fillable Forms.
Free File. This public–private partnership, between the IRS and tax software providers, makes approximately a dozen
brand-name commercial software products and e-le available for free. Seventy percent of the nation’s taxpayers are eligible.
Just visit IRS.gov/FreeFile for details. Free File combines all the benets of e-le and easy-to-use software at no cost. Guided
questions will help ensure you get all the tax credits and deductions you are due. It’s fast, safe, and free.
You can review each software provider’s criteria for free usage or use an online tool to nd which free software products match
your situation. Some software providers offer state tax return preparation for free.
Free File Fillable Forms. The IRS offers electronic versions of IRS paper forms that can also be e-led for free. Free File
Fillable Forms is best for people experienced in preparing their own tax returns. There are no income limitations. Free File
Fillable Forms does basic math calculations. It supports only federal tax forms.
Volunteers are available in communities nationwide providing free tax assistance to low-to-moderate income (generally under
$60,000 in adjusted gross income) and elderly taxpayers (age 60 and older). At selected sites, taxpayers can input and
electronically le their own tax return with the assistance of an IRS-certied volunteer.
See How To Get Tax Help near the end of these instructions for additional information or visit IRS.gov (Keyword: VITA) for a
VITA/TCE site near you!
Free Tax Help Available Nationwide
-7-
Filing
TIP
CAUTION
!
TIP
CAUTION
!
Requirements
These rules apply to all U.S. citizens, regardless of where they live, and resident aliens.
Have you tried IRS e-file? It's the fastest way to get your refund
and it's free if you are eligible. Visit IRS.gov for details.
Do You Have To
File?
Use Chart A, B, or C to see if you must
file a return. U.S. citizens who lived in
or had income from a U.S. possession
should see Pub. 570. Residents of Puerto
Rico can use Tax Topic 901 to see if
they must file.
Even if you do not otherwise
have to file a return, you
should file one to get a refund
of any federal income tax withheld. You
should also file if you are eligible for
any of the following credits.
Earned income credit.
•
Additional child tax credit.
•
American opportunity credit.
•
Credit for federal tax on fuels.
•
Premium tax credit.
•
Credits for sick and family leave.
•
See Pub. 501 for details. Also see
Pub. 501 if you do not have to file but
received a Form 1099-B (or substitute
statement).
Requirement to reconcile advance
payments of the premium tax credit.
If you, your spouse with whom you are
filing a joint return, or a dependent was
enrolled in coverage through the Marketplace for 2022 and advance payments
of the premium tax credit were made for
this coverage, you must file a 2022 return and attach Form 8962. You (or
whoever enrolled you) should have received Form 1095-A from the Marketplace with information about your coverage and any advance payments.
You must attach Form 8962 even if
someone else enrolled you, your spouse,
or your dependent. If you are a dependent who is claimed on someone else's
2022 return, you do not have to attach
Form 8962.
Exception for certain children under
age 19 or full-time students. If certain
conditions apply, you can elect to in-
clude on your return the income of a
child who was under age 19 at the end
of 2022 or was a full-time student under
age 24 at the end of 2022. To do so, use
Form 8814. If you make this election,
your child doesn't have to file a return.
For details, use Tax Topic 553 or see
Form 8814.
A child born on January 1, 1999, is
considered to be age 24 at the end of
2022. Do not use Form 8814 for such a
child.
Resident aliens. These rules also apply
if you were a resident alien. Also, you
may qualify for certain tax treaty benefits. See Pub. 519 for details.
Nonresident aliens and dual-status aliens. These rules also apply if you were
a nonresident alien or a dual-status alien
and both of the following apply.
You were married to a U.S. citizen
•
or resident alien at the end of 2022.
You elected to be taxed as a resi-
•
dent alien.
See Pub. 519 for details.
Specific rules apply to determine if you are a resident alien,
nonresident alien, or dual-status alien. Most nonresident aliens and
dual-status aliens have different filing
requirements and may have to file Form
1040-NR. Pub. 519 discusses these requirements and other information to
help aliens comply with U.S. tax law.
When and Where
Should You File?
File Form 1040 or 1040-SR by April 18,
2023. The due date is April 18, instead
of April 15, because of the Emancipation Day holiday in the District of Columbia – even if you don’t live in the
District of Columbia. If you file after
this date, you may have to pay interest
and penalties. See Interest and Penal-ties, later.
If you were serving in, or in support
of, the U.S. Armed Forces in a designated combat zone or contingency operation, you may be able to file later. See
Pub. 3 for details.
If you e-file your return, there is no
need to mail it. However, if you choose
to mail it instead, filing instructions and
addresses are at the end of these instructions.
The chart at the end of these instructions provides the current
address for mailing your return. Use these addresses for Forms
1040 or 1040-SR filed in 2023. The address for returns filed after 2023 may be
different. See IRS.gov/Form1040 for any
updates.
What if You Can't File on
Time?
You can get an automatic 6-month extension if, no later than the date your return is due, you file Form 4868. For details, see Form 4868. Instead of filing
Form 4868, you can apply for an automatic extension by making an electronic
payment by the due date of your return.
An automatic 6-month exten-
sion to file doesn't extend the
time to pay your tax. If you
don’t pay your tax by the original due
date of your return, you will owe interest
on the unpaid tax and may owe penalties. See Form 4868.
If you are a U.S. citizen or resident
alien, you may qualify for an automatic
extension of time to file without filing
Form 4868. You qualify if, on the due
date of your return, you meet one of the
following conditions.
You live outside the United States
•
and Puerto Rico and your main place of
business or post of duty is outside the
United States and Puerto Rico.
You are in military or naval serv-
•
ice on duty outside the United States and
Puerto Rico.
-8-
This extension gives you an extra 2
months to file and pay the tax, but interest will be charged from the original due
date of the return on any unpaid tax.
You must include a statement showing
that you meet the requirements. If you
are still unable to file your return by the
end of the 2-month period, you can get
an additional 4 months if, no later than
June 15, 2023, you file Form 4868. This
4-month extension of time to file doesn't
extend the time to pay your tax. See
Form 4868.
Private Delivery Services
If you choose to mail your return, you
can use certain private delivery services
Chart A—For Most People
designated by the IRS to meet the “timely mailing treated as timely filing/
paying” rule for tax returns and payments. These private delivery services
include only the following.
UPS Next Day Air, UPS Next Day Air
Saver, UPS 2nd Day Air, UPS 2nd Day
Air A.M., UPS Worldwide Express
Plus, and UPS Worldwide Express.
FedEx First Overnight, FedEx Pri-
•
ority Overnight, FedEx Standard Overnight, FedEx 2 Day, FedEx International
Next Flight Out, FedEx International
Priority, FedEx International First, and
FedEx International Economy.
To check for any updates to the list of
designated private delivery services, go
to IRS.gov/PDS. For the IRS mailing address to use if you’re using a private delivery service, go to IRS.gov/
PDSStreetAddresses.
The private delivery service can tell
you how to get written proof of the mailing date.
AND at the end of 2022
IF your filing status is . . .
Single
Married filing jointly***
Married filing separately any age$5
Head of household
Qualifying surviving spouse
*If you were born on January 1, 1958, you are considered to be age 65 at the end of 2022. (If your spouse died in 2022 or
if you are preparing a return for someone who died in 2022, see Pub. 501.)
**Gross income means all income you received in the form of money, goods, property, and services that isn't exempt from
tax, including any income from sources outside the United States or from the sale of your main home (even if you can
exclude part or all of it). Don’t include any social security benefits unless (a) you are married filing a separate return and
you lived with your spouse at any time in 2022, or (b) one-half of your social security benefits plus your other gross
income and any tax-exempt interest is more than $25,000 ($32,000 if married filing jointly). If (a) or (b) applies, see the
instructions for lines 6a and 6b to figure the taxable part of social security benefits you must include in gross income.
Gross income includes gains, but not losses, reported on Form 8949 or Schedule D. Gross income from a business means,
for example, the amount on Schedule C, line 7, or Schedule F, line 9. But, in figuring gross income, don’t reduce your
income by any losses, including any loss on Schedule C, line 7, or Schedule F, line 9.
***If you didn't live with your spouse at the end of 2022 (or on the date your spouse died) and your gross income was at
least $5, you must file a return regardless of your age.
you were* . . .
under 65
65 or older
under 65 (both spouses)
65 or older (one spouse)
65 or older (both spouses)
under 65
65 or older
under 65
65 or older
THEN file a return if your gross
income** was at least . . .
$12,950
14,700
$25,900
27,300
28,700
$19,400
21,150
$25,900
27,300
-9-
Chart B—For Children and Other Dependents (See Who Qualifies as Your Dependent, later.)
If your parent (or someone else) can claim you as a dependent, use this chart to see if you must file a return.
In this chart, unearned income includes taxable interest, ordinary dividends, and capital gain distributions. It also includes
unemployment compensation, taxable social security benefits, pensions, annuities, and distributions of unearned income from a trust.
Earned income includes salaries, wages, tips, professional fees, and taxable scholarship and fellowship grants. Gross income is the
total of your unearned and earned income.
Single dependents. Were you either age 65 or older or blind?
No. You must file a return if any of the following apply.
Your unearned income was over $1,150.
•
Your earned income was over $12,950.
•
Your gross income was more than the larger of—
•
$1,150, or
•
Your earned income (up to $12,550) plus $400.
•
Yes. You must file a return if any of the following apply.
Your unearned income was over $2,900 ($4,650 if 65 or older and blind).
•
Your earned income was over $14,700 ($16,450 if 65 or older and blind).
•
Your gross income was more than the larger of—
•
$2,900 ($4,650 if 65 or older and blind), or
•
Your earned income (up to $12,550) plus $2,150 ($3,900 if 65 or older and blind).
•
Married dependents. Were you either age 65 or older or blind?
No. You must file a return if any of the following apply.
Your unearned income was over $1,150.
•
Your earned income was over $12,950.
•
Your gross income was at least $5 and your spouse files a separate return and itemizes deductions.
•
Your gross income was more than the larger of—
•
$1,150, or
•
Your earned income (up to $12,550) plus $400.
•
Yes. You must file a return if any of the following apply.
Your unearned income was over $2,550 ($3,950 if 65 or older and blind).
•
Your earned income was over $14,350 ($15,750 if 65 or older and blind).
•
Your gross income was at least $5 and your spouse files a separate return and itemizes deductions.
•
Your gross income was more than the larger of—
•
$2,550 ($3,950 if 65 or older and blind), or
•
Your earned income (up to $12,550) plus $1,800 ($3,200 if 65 or older and blind).
•
-10-
Chart C—Other Situations When You Must File
You must file a return if any of the conditions below apply for 2022.
1.
You owe any special taxes, including any of the following (see the instructions for Schedule 2).
a. Alternative minimum tax.
b. Additional tax on a qualified plan, including an individual retirement arrangement (IRA), or other tax-favored account.
c. Household employment taxes.
d. Social security and Medicare tax on tips you didn't report to your employer or on wages you received from an employer
who didn't withhold these taxes.
e. Uncollected social security and Medicare or RRTA tax on tips you reported to your employer or on group-term life
insurance and additional taxes on health savings accounts.
f. Recapture taxes.
2.
You (or your spouse if filing jointly) received health savings account, Archer MSA, or Medicare Advantage MSA
distributions.
3.
You had net earnings from self-employment of at least $400.
4.
You had wages of $108.28 or more from a church or qualified church-controlled organization that is exempt from
employer social security and Medicare taxes.
5.
Advance payments of the premium tax credit were made for you, your spouse, or a dependent who enrolled in coverage
through the Marketplace. You or whoever enrolled you should have received Form(s) 1095-A showing the amount of the
advance payments.
6.
You are required to include amounts in income under section 965 or you have a net tax liability under section 965 that you
are paying in installments under section 965(h) or deferred by making an election under section 965(i).
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Also see the instructions for Schedule 1 through Schedule 3 that follow the
Form 1040 and 1040-SR instructions.
Instructions
for
Forms 1040
and 1040-SR
Filing Status
Check only the filing status that applies
to you. The ones that will usually give
you the lowest tax are listed last.
Married filing separately.
•
Single.
•
Head of household.
•
Married filing jointly.
•
Qualifying surviving spouse.
•
For information about marital status, see
Pub. 501.
More than one filing status can
apply to you. You can choose
the one that will give you the
lowest tax.
Single
You can check the “Single” box at the
top of Form 1040 or 1040-SR if any of
the following was true on December 31,
2022.
You were never married.
•
You were legally separated accord-
•
ing to your state law under a decree of
divorce or separate maintenance. But if,
at the end of 2022, your divorce wasn't
final (an interlocutory decree), you are
considered married and can't check the
box.
You were widowed before January
•
1, 2022, and didn't remarry before the
end of 2022. But if you have a child,
you may be able to use the qualifying
surviving spouse filing status. See the
Free File makes available free brand-name software and free e-file. Visit IRS.gov/
FreeFile for details and to see if you are eligible.
What form to file. Everyone can file Form 1040. Form 1040-SR is available to you if
you were born before January 2, 1958.
Fiscal year filers. If you are a fiscal year filer using a tax year other than January 1
through December 31, 2022, write “Tax Year” and the beginning and ending months
of your fiscal year in the top margin of page 1 of Form 1040 or 1040-SR.
Write-in information. If you need to write a word, code, and/or dollar amount on
Form 1040 or 1040-SR to explain an item of income or deduction, but don't have
enough space to enter the word, code, and/or dollar amount, you can put an asterisk
next to the applicable line number and put a footnote at the bottom of page 2 of your
tax return indicating the line number and the word, code, and/or dollar amount you
need to enter.
Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code.
instructions for Qualifying Surviving Spouse, later.
Married Filing Jointly
You can check the “Married filing jointly” box at the top of Form 1040 or
1040-SR if any of the following apply.
You were married at the end of
•
2022, even if you didn't live with your
spouse at the end of 2022.
Your spouse died in 2022 and you
•
didn't remarry in 2022.
You were married at the end of
•
2022 and your spouse died in 2023 before filing a 2022 return.
A married couple filing jointly report
their combined income and deduct their
combined allowable expenses on one return. They can file a joint return even if
only one had income or if they didn't
live together all year. However, both
persons must sign the return. Once you
file a joint return, you can't choose to
file separate returns for that year after
the due date of the return.
Joint and several tax liability. If you
file a joint return, both you and your
spouse are generally responsible for the
tax and interest or penalties due on the
return. This means that if one spouse
doesn't pay the tax due, the other may
have to. Or, if one spouse doesn't report
the correct tax, both spouses may be responsible for any additional taxes assessed by the IRS. You may want to file
separately if:
You believe your spouse isn't re-
•
porting all of their income, or
You don’t want to be responsible
•
for any taxes due if your spouse doesn't
have enough tax withheld or doesn't pay
enough estimated tax.
See the instructions for Married Filing
Separately. Also see Innocent Spouse
Relief under General Information, later.
Nonresident aliens and dual-status aliens. Generally, a married couple can't
file a joint return if either spouse is a
nonresident alien at any time during the
year. However, if you were a nonresident alien or a dual-status alien and were
married to a U.S. citizen or resident alien at the end of 2022, you can elect to
be treated as a resident alien and file a
joint return. See Pub. 519 for details.
Married Filing Separately
Check the “Married filing separately”
box at the top of Form 1040 or 1040-SR
if you are married, at the end of 2022,
and file a separate return. Enter your
spouse’s name in the entry space below
the filing status checkboxes. Be sure to
enter your spouse’s SSN or Individual
Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN)
in the space for spouse’s SSN on Form
1040 or 1040-SR. If your spouse doesn’t
have and isn’t required to have an SSN
or ITIN, enter “NRA” in the entry space
below the filing status checkboxes.
For electronic filing, enter the spouse's name or “NRA” if the spouse
doesn’t have an SSN or ITIN in the en-
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
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boxes.
If you are married and file a separate
return, you generally report only your
own income, deductions, and credits.
Generally, you are responsible only for
the tax on your own income. Different
rules apply to people in community
property states; see Pub. 555.
However, you will usually pay more
tax than if you use another filing status
for which you qualify. Also, if you file a
separate return, you can't take the student loan interest deduction or the education credits, and you will only be able
to take the earned income credit and
child and dependent care credit in very
limited circumstances. You also can't
take the standard deduction if your
spouse itemizes deductions.
You may be able to file as head
of household if you had a child
living with you and you lived
apart from your spouse during the last 6
months of 2022. See Married persons who live apart, later.
Head of Household
You can check the “Head of household”
box at the top of Form 1040 or 1040-SR
if you are unmarried and provide a home
for certain other persons. You are considered unmarried for this purpose if any
of the following applies.
You were legally separated accord-
•
ing to your state law under a decree of
divorce or separate maintenance at the
end of 2022. But if, at the end of 2022,
your divorce wasn't final (an interlocutory decree), you are considered married.
You are married but lived apart
•
from your spouse for the last 6 months
of 2022 and you meet the other rules under Married persons who live apart, later.
You are married and your spouse
•
was a nonresident alien at any time during the year and the election to treat the
alien spouse as a resident alien is not
made.
Check the “Head of household” box only if you are unmarried (or considered
unmarried) and either Test 1 or Test 2
applies.
Test 1. You paid over half the cost of
keeping up a home that was the main
home for all of 2022 of your parent
whom you can claim as a dependent, except under a multiple support agreement
(see Who Qualifies as Your Dependent,
later). Your parent didn't have to live
with you.
Test 2. You paid over half the cost of
keeping up a home in which you lived
and in which one of the following also
lived for more than half of the year (if
half or less, see Exception to time lived with you, later).
1. Any person whom you can claim
as a dependent. But don’t include:
a. Your child whom you claim as
your dependent because of the rule for
Children of divorced or separated parents under Who Qualifies as Your Dependent, later;
b. Any person who is your dependent only because the person lived with
you for all of 2022; or
c. Any person you claimed as a dependent under a multiple support agreement. See Who Qualifies as Your De-pendent, later.
2. Your unmarried qualifying child
who isn't your dependent.
3. Your married qualifying child
who isn't your dependent only because
you can be claimed as a dependent on
someone else's 2022 return.
4. Your qualifying child who, even
though you are the custodial parent, isn't
your dependent because of the rule for
Children of divorced or separated parents under Who Qualifies as Your Dependent, later.
If the child isn't claimed as your dependent, enter the child's name in the entry space below the filing status checkboxes. If you don’t enter the name, it
will take us longer to process your return.
Qualifying child. To find out if someone is your qualifying child, see Step 1
under Who Qualifies as Your Depend-ent, later.
Dependent. To find out if someone is
your dependent, see Who Qualifies as
Your Dependent, later.
The dependents you claim are
those you list by name and SSN
in the Dependents section on
Form 1040 or 1040-SR.
Exception to time lived with you.
Temporary absences by you or the other
person for special circumstances, such
as school, vacation, business, medical
care, military service, or detention in a
juvenile facility, count as time lived in
the home. Also see Kidnapped child, later, under Who Qualifies as Your De-pendent, if applicable.
If the person for whom you kept up a
home was born or died in 2022, you still
may be able to file as head of household.
If the person is your qualifying child, the
child must have lived with you for more
than half the part of the year the child
was alive. If the person is anyone else,
see Pub. 501. Similarly, if you adopted
the person for whom you kept up a
home in 2022, the person was lawfully
placed with you for legal adoption by
you in 2022, or the person was an eligible foster child placed with you during
2022, the person is considered to have
lived with you for more than half of
2022 if your main home was this person’s main home for more than half the
time since the person was adopted or
placed with you in 2022.
Keeping up a home. To find out what
is included in the cost of keeping up a
home, see Pub. 501.
Married persons who live apart. Even
if you weren’t divorced or legally separated at the end of 2022, you are considered unmarried if all of the following
apply.
You lived apart from your spouse
•
for the last 6 months of 2022. Temporary absences for special circumstances,
such as for business, medical care,
school, or military service, count as time
lived in the home.
You file a separate return from
•
your spouse.
You paid over half the cost of
•
keeping up your home for 2022.
Your home was the main home of
•
your child, stepchild, or foster child for
more than half of 2022 (if half or less,
see Exception to time lived with you,
earlier).
You can claim this child as your
•
dependent or could claim the child except that the child's other parent can
claim the child under the rule for Chil-
dren of divorced or separated parents
under Who Qualifies as Your Dependent, later.
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Adopted child. An adopted child is
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always treated as your own child. An
adopted child includes a child lawfully
placed with you for legal adoption.
Foster child. A foster child is any
child placed with you by an authorized
placement agency or by judgment, decree, or other order of any court of competent jurisdiction.
Qualifying Surviving Spouse
You can check the “Qualifying surviving spouse” box at the top of Form 1040
or 1040-SR and use joint return tax rates
for 2022 if all of the following apply.
1. Your spouse died in 2020 or 2021
and you didn't remarry before the end of
2022.
2. You have a child or stepchild (not
a foster child) whom you can claim as a
dependent or could claim as a dependent
except that, for 2022:
a. The child had gross income of
$4,400 or more,
b. The child filed a joint return, or
c. You could be claimed as a de-
pendent on someone else’s return.
If the child isn’t claimed as your dependent, enter the child’s name in the
entry space below the filing status
checkboxes. If you don’t enter the name,
it will take us longer to process your return.
3. This child lived in your home for
all of 2022. If the child didn't live with
you for the required time, see Exception to time lived with you, later.
4. You paid over half the cost of
keeping up your home.
5. You could have filed a joint return with your spouse the year your
spouse died, even if you didn't actually
do so.
If your spouse died in 2022, you can't
file as qualifying surviving spouse. Instead, see the instructions for Married Filing Jointly, earlier.
Adopted child. An adopted child is always treated as your own child. An
adopted child includes a child lawfully
placed with you for legal adoption.
Dependent. To find out if someone is
your dependent, see Who Qualifies as
Your Dependent, later.
The dependents you claim are
those you list by name and SSN
in the Dependents section on
Form 1040 or 1040-SR.
Exception to time lived with you.
Temporary absences by you or the child
for special circumstances, such as
school, vacation, business, medical care,
military service, or detention in a juvenile facility, count as time lived in the
home. Also see Kidnapped child, later,
under Who Qualifies as Your Depend-ent, if applicable.
A child is considered to have lived
with you for all of 2022 if the child was
born or died in 2022 and your home was
the child's home for the entire time the
child was alive. Similarly, if you adopted the child in 2022, or the child was
lawfully placed with you for legal adoption by you in 2022, the child is considered to have lived with you for all of
2022 if your main home was this child's
main home for the entire time since the
child was adopted or placed with you in
2022.
Keeping up a home. To find out what
is included in the cost of keeping up a
home, see Pub. 501.
Name and Address
Print or type the information in the
spaces provided. If you are married filing a separate return, enter your spouse's
name in the entry space below the filing
status checkboxes instead of below your
name.
If you filed a joint return for
2021 and you are filing a joint
return for 2022 with the same
spouse, be sure to enter your names and
SSNs in the same order as on your 2021
return.
Name Change
If you changed your name because of
marriage, divorce, etc., be sure to report
the change to the Social Security Administration (SSA) before filing your return. This prevents delays in processing
your return and issuing refunds. It also
safeguards your future social security
benefits.
Address Change
If you plan to move after filing your return, use Form 8822 to notify the IRS of
your new address.
P.O. Box
Enter your box number only if your post
office doesn't deliver mail to your home.
Foreign Address
If you have a foreign address, enter the
city name on the appropriate line. Don’t
enter any other information on that line,
but also complete the spaces below that
line. Don’t abbreviate the country name.
Follow the country’s practice for entering the postal code and the name of the
province, county, or state.
Death of a Taxpayer
See Death of a Taxpayer under General
Information, later.
Social Security
Number (SSN)
An incorrect or missing SSN can increase your tax, reduce your refund, or
delay your refund. To apply for an SSN,
fill in Form SS-5 and return it, along
with the appropriate evidence documents, to the Social Security Administration (SSA). You can get Form SS-5
online at SSA.gov/forms/ss-5.pdf, from
your local SSA office, or by calling the
SSA at 800-772-1213. It usually takes
about 2 weeks to get an SSN once the
SSA has all the evidence and information it needs.
Check that both the name and SSN
on your Forms 1040 or 1040-SR, W-2,
and 1099 agree with your social security
card. If they don’t, certain deductions
and credits on Form 1040 or 1040-SR
may be reduced or disallowed and you
may not receive credit for your social
security earnings. If your Form W-2
shows an incorrect SSN or name, notify
your employer or the form-issuing agent
as soon as possible to make sure your
earnings are credited to your social security record. If the name or SSN on
your social security card is incorrect,
call the SSA.
Once you are issued an SSN, use it to
file your tax return. Use your SSN to file
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
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your tax return even if your SSN does
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not authorize employment or if you have
been issued an SSN that authorizes employment and you lose your employment authorization. An ITIN will not be
issued to you once you have been issued
an SSN. If you received your SSN after
previously using an ITIN, stop using
your ITIN. Use your SSN instead.
IRS Individual Taxpayer
Identification Numbers
(ITINs) for Aliens
If you are a nonresident or resident alien
and you don’t have and aren’t eligible to
get an SSN, you must apply for an ITIN.
It takes about 7 weeks to get an ITIN.
If you already have an ITIN, enter it
wherever your SSN is requested on your
tax return.
Some ITINs must be renewed. If you
haven't used your ITIN on a federal tax
return at least once for tax years 2019,
2020, or 2021, it expired at the end of
2022 and must be renewed if you need
to file a federal tax return in 2023. You
don't need to renew your ITIN if you
don't need to file a federal tax return.
You can find more information at
IRS.gov/ITIN.
ITINs assigned before 2013
have expired and must be re-
newed if you need to file a tax
return in 2023. If you previously submitted a renewal application and it was approved, you do not need to renew again
unless you haven't used your ITIN on a
federal tax return at least once for tax
years 2019, 2020, or 2021.
An ITIN is for tax use only. It doesn't
entitle you to social security benefits or
change your employment or immigration status under U.S. law.
For more information on ITINs, including application, expiration, and renewal, see Form W-7 and its instructions.
If you receive an SSN after previously using an ITIN, stop using your ITIN.
Use your SSN instead. Visit a local IRS
office or write a letter to the IRS explaining that you now have an SSN and
want all your tax records combined under your SSN. Details about what to include with the letter and where to mail it
are at IRS.gov/ITIN.
Nonresident Alien Spouse
If your spouse is a nonresident alien,
your spouse must have either an SSN or
an ITIN if:
You file a joint return, or
•
Your spouse is filing a separate re-
•
turn.
Presidential Election
Campaign Fund
This fund helps pay for Presidential
election campaigns. The fund reduces
candidates' dependence on large contributions from individuals and groups and
places candidates on an equal financial
footing in the general election. The fund
also helps pay for pediatric medical research. If you want $3 to go to this fund,
check the box. If you are filing a joint
return, your spouse can also have $3 go
to the fund. If you check a box, your tax
or refund won't change.
Digital Assets
Digital assets are any digital representations of value that are recorded on a
cryptographically secured distributed
ledger or any similar technology. For
example, digital assets include non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and virtual currencies, such as cryptocurrencies and stablecoins. If a particular asset has the
characteristics of a digital asset, it will
be treated as a digital asset for federal
income tax purposes.
Check the “Yes” box next to the
question on digital assets on page 1 of
Form 1040 or 1040-SR if at any time
during 2022, you (a) received (as a reward, award, or payment for property or
services); or (b) sold, exchanged, gifted,
or otherwise disposed of a digital asset
(or any financial interest in any digital
asset).
For example, check “Yes” if at any
time during 2022 you:
Received digital assets as payment
•
for property or services provided;
Received digital assets as a result
•
of a reward or award;
Received new digital assets as a
•
result of mining, staking, and similar activities;
Received digital assets as a result
•
of a hard fork;
Disposed of digital assets in ex-
•
change for property or services;
Disposed of a digital asset in ex-
•
change or trade for another digital asset;
Sold a digital asset;
•
Transferred digital assets for free
•
(without receiving any consideration) as
a bona fide gift; or
Otherwise disposed of any other fi-
•
nancial interest in a digital asset.
You have a financial interest in a digital asset if you are the owner of record
of a digital asset, or have an ownership
stake in an account that holds one or
more digital assets, including the rights
and obligations to acquire a financial interest, or you own a wallet that holds
digital assets.
The following actions or transactions
in 2022, alone, generally don’t require
you to check “Yes”:
Holding a digital asset in a wallet
•
or account;
Transferring a digital asset from
•
one wallet or account you own or control to another wallet or account that you
own or control; or
Purchasing digital assets using
•
U.S. or other real currency, including
through the use of electronic platforms
such as PayPal and Venmo.
Do not leave the question unanswered. You must answer “Yes” or
“No” by checking the appropriate box.
For more information, go to IRS.gov/
virtualcurrencyfaqs.
How To Report Digital Asset
Transactions
If, in 2022, you disposed of any digital
asset, which you held as a capital asset,
through a sale, trade, exchange, payment, gift, or other transfer, check “Yes”
and use (a) Form 8949 to calculate your
capital gain or loss and report that gain
or loss on Schedule D (Form 1040) or
(b) Form 709 in the case of gifts.
If you received any digital asset as
compensation for services or disposed of
any digital asset that you held for sale to
customers in a trade or business, you
must report the income as you would report other income of the same type (for
example, W-2 wages on Form 1040 or
1040-SR, line 1a, or inventory or services on Schedule C).
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Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
Standard Deduction
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If you are filing Form 1040-SR,
you can find a Standard De-
duction Chart on the last page
of that form that can calculate the
amount of your standard deduction in
most situations.
Don’t file the Standard Deduction
Chart with your return.
Single and Married Filing
Jointly
If you or your spouse (if you are married
and filing a joint return) can be claimed
as a dependent on someone else’s return,
check the appropriate box in the Stand-ard Deduction section.
If you were a dual-status alien, check
the “Spouse itemizes on a separate return or you were a dual-status alien”
box. If you were a dual-status alien and
you file a joint return with your spouse
who was a U.S. citizen or resident alien
at the end of 2022 and you and your
spouse agree to be taxed on your combined worldwide income, don’t check
the box.
Age/Blindness
If you or your spouse (if you are married
and filing a joint return) were born before January 2, 1958, or were blind at
the end of 2022, check the appropriate
boxes on the line labeled “Age/Blindness.”
Don’t check any boxes for your
spouse if your filing status is head of
household.
Death of spouse in 2022. If your
spouse was born before January 2, 1958,
but died in 2022 before reaching age 65,
don’t check the box that says “Spouse
was born before January 2, 1958.”
A person is considered to reach age
65 on the day before the person’s 65th
birthday.
Example. Your spouse was born on
February 14, 1957, and died on February
13, 2022. Your spouse is considered age
65 at the time of death. Check the appropriate box for your spouse. However, if
your spouse died on February 12, 2022,
your spouse isn't considered age 65.
Don’t check the box.
Death of taxpayer in 2022. If you are
preparing a return for someone who died
in 2022, see Pub. 501 before completing
the standard deduction information.
Blindness
If you weren’t totally blind as of December 31, 2022, you must get a statement certified by your eye doctor (ophthalmologist or optometrist) that:
You can't see better than 20/200 in
•
your better eye with glasses or contact
lenses, or
Your field of vision is 20 degrees
•
or less.
If your eye condition isn't likely to
improve beyond the conditions listed
above, you can get a statement certified
by your eye doctor (ophthalmologist or
optometrist) to this effect instead.
You must keep the statement for your
records.
If you receive a notice or letter but
you would prefer to have it in Braille or
large print, you can use Form 9000, Alternative Media Preference, to request
notices in an alternative format including Braille, large print, audio, or electronic. You can attach Form 9000 to
your return or mail it separately.
You can download, or view online,
•
tax forms and publications in a variety
of formats including text-only, Braille
ready files, browser-friendly HTML
(other than tax forms), accessible PDF,
and large print.
Married Filing Separately
If your filing status is married filing separately and your spouse itemizes deductions on their return, check the “Spouse
itemizes on a separate return or you
were a dual-status alien” box.
If your filing status is married filing
separately and your spouse was born before January 2, 1958, or was blind at the
end of 2022, you can check the appropriate box(es) on the line labeled “Age/
Blindness” if your spouse had no income, isn't filing a return, and can't be
claimed as a dependent on another person's return.
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
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Who Qualifies as Your
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Dependent
Dependents, Qualifying Child for Child Tax
Credit, and Credit for Other Dependents
Follow the steps below to find out if a person qualifies as your
dependent and to find out if your dependent qualifies you to
take the child tax credit or the credit for other dependents. If
you have more than four dependents, check the box under De-pendents on page 1 of Form 1040 or 1040-SR and include a
statement showing the information required in columns (1)
through (4).
The dependents you claim are those you list by name
and SSN in the Dependents section on Form 1040 or
1040-SR.
Before you begin. See the definition of Social security num-
ber, later. If you want to claim the child tax credit or the credit
for other dependents, you (and your spouse if filing jointly)
must have an SSN or ITIN issued on or before the due date of
your 2022 return (including extensions). If an ITIN is applied
for on or before the due date of a 2022 return (including extensions) and the IRS issues an ITIN as result of the application,
the IRS will consider the ITIN as issued on or before the due
date of the return.
brother, half sister, or a descendant of any of them (for example, your grandchild,
Under age 19 at the end of 2022 and younger than you
Under age 24 at the end of 2022, a student (defined later), and younger than you
Any age and permanently and totally disabled (defined later)
Who didn't provide over half of their own support for 2022 (see Pub. 501)
niece, or nephew)
was ...
(or your spouse if filing jointly)
or
(or your spouse if filing jointly)
or
or is filing a joint return for 2022 only to claim a refund of withheld income tax or
Who lived with you for more than half of 2022. If the child didn't live with you
for the required time, see Exception to time lived with you, later.
1. Do you have a child who meets the conditions to be your
qualifying child?
Yes. Go to Step 2.No. Go to Step 4.
Step 2
Who isn't filing a joint return for 2022
estimated tax paid (see Pub. 501 for details and examples)
If the child meets the conditions to be a qualifying child of any
other person (other than your spouse if filing jointly) for 2022, see
Qualifying child of more than one person, later.
Is Your Qualifying Child Your
Dependent?
1. Was the child a U.S. citizen, U.S. national, U.S. resident
alien, or a resident of Canada or Mexico? (See Pub. 519 for
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the definition of a U.S. national or U.S. resident alien. If the
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child was adopted, see Exception to citizen test, later.)
Yes. Continue
No.
You can't claim this child
as a dependent.
2. Was the child married?
Yes. See Married
No. Continue
person, later.
3. Was the child under age 17 at the end of 2022?
Yes. Continue
No. You can claim the
credit for other
dependents for this child.
Check the “Credit for
other dependents” box in
column (4) of the
Dependents section on
page 1 of Form 1040 or
1040-SR for this person.
3. Could you, or your spouse if filing jointly, be claimed as a
dependent on someone else's 2022 tax return? (If the person
who could claim you on their 2022 tax return is not required
to file, and isn't filing a 2022 tax return or is filing a 2022
return only to claim a refund of withheld income tax or
estimated tax paid, check “No.”) See Steps 1, 2, and 4.
Yes.
You can't claim any
dependents. Complete
the rest of Form 1040 or
1040-SR and any
applicable schedules.
No. You can claim this
child as a dependent.
Complete columns (1)
through (3) of the
Dependents section on
page 1 of Form 1040 or
1040-SR for this child.
Then, go to Step 3.
Step 3
Does Your Qualifying Child
Qualify You for the Child Tax
Credit or Credit for Other
Dependents?
1. Did the child have an SSN, ITIN, or adoption taxpayer
identification number (ATIN) issued on or before the due
date of your return (including extensions)? (Answer “Yes”
if you are applying for an ITIN or ATIN for the child on or
before the due date of your return (including extensions).)
Yes. Continue
No.
You can’t claim the child
tax credit or the credit for
other dependents for this
child.
4. Did this child have an SSN valid for employment issued
before the due date of your 2022 return (including
extensions)? (See Social Security Number, later.)
Yes. You can claim the
child tax credit for this
person.
Check the
“Child tax credit” box
in column (4) of the
Dependents section on
page 1 of Form 1040 or
1040-SR for this
person.
No.
You can claim the credit
for other dependents for
this child. Check the
“Credit for other
dependents” box in
column (4) of the
Dependents section on
page 1 of Form 1040 or
1040-SR for this person.
2. Was the child a U.S. citizen, U.S. national, or U.S. resident
alien? (See Pub. 519 for the definition of a U.S. national or
U.S. resident alien. If the child was adopted, see Exception to citizen test, later.)
Yes. Continue
No.
You can’t claim the child
tax credit or the credit for
other dependents for this
child.
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
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AND
AND
AND
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STOP
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Step 4
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Is Your Qualifying Relative
Your Dependent?
A qualifying relative is a person who is your...
Son, daughter, stepchild, foster child, or a descendant of any of them (for
Brother, sister, half brother, half sister, or a son or daughter of any of them (for
Father, mother, or an ancestor or sibling of either of them (for example, your
father-in-law, mother-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law
example, your grandchild)
or
example, your niece or nephew)
or
grandmother, grandfather, aunt, or uncle)
or
or
3. Was your qualifying relative married?
Yes. See Married
No. Continue
person, later.
4. Could you, or your spouse if filing jointly, be claimed as a
dependent on someone else's 2022 tax return? (If the person
who could claim you on their 2022 tax return is not required
to file, and isn't filing a 2022 tax return or is filing a 2022
return only to claim a refund of withheld income tax or
estimated tax paid, check “No.”) See Steps 1, 2, and 4.
Yes.
You can't claim any
dependents. Complete
the rest of Form 1040 or
1040-SR and any
applicable schedules.
No. You can claim this
person as a dependent.
Complete columns (1)
through (3) of the
Dependents section on
page 1 of Form 1040 or
1040-SR. Then, go to
Step 5.
Any other person (other than your spouse) who lived with you all year as a
member of your household if your relationship didn't violate local law. If the
person didn't live with you for the required time, see Exception to time lived with
Who wasn't a qualifying child (see Step 1) of any taxpayer for 2022. For this
purpose, a person isn't a taxpayer if the person isn't required to file a U.S. income
tax return and either doesn't file such a return or files only to get a refund of
withheld income tax or estimated tax paid. See Pub. 501 for details and examples.
Who had gross income of less than $4,400 in 2022. If the person was permanently
and totally disabled, see Exception to gross income test, later.
For whom you provided over half of the person’s support in 2022. But see
Children of divorced or separated parents, Multiple support agreements, and
you, later.
Kidnapped child, later.
1. Does any person meet the conditions to be your qualifying
relative?
Yes. Continue
No.
Step 5
Does Your Qualifying Relative
Qualify You for the Credit for
Other Dependents?
1. Did your qualifying relative have an SSN, ITIN, or ATIN
issued on or before the due date of your 2022 return
(including extensions)? (Answer “Yes” if you are applying
for an ITIN or ATIN for the qualifying relative on or before
the return due date (including extensions).)
Yes. Continue
2. Was your qualifying relative a U.S. citizen, U.S. national, or
U.S. resident alien? (See Pub. 519 for the definition of a
U.S. national or a U.S. resident alien. If your qualifying
relative was adopted, see Exception to citizenship test,
later.)
Yes. You can claim
the credit for other
dependents for this
dependent.
Check the
“Credit for other
dependents” box in
column (4) of the
Dependents section on
page 1 of Form 1040 or
1040-SR for this
person.
No.
You can’t claim the
credit for other
dependents for this
qualifying relative.
No.
You can’t claim the
credit for other
dependents for this
qualifying relative.
2. Was your qualifying relative a U.S. citizen, U.S. national,
U.S. resident alien, or a resident of Canada or Mexico? (See
Pub. 519 for the definition of a U.S. national or U.S.
resident alien. If your qualifying relative was adopted, see
Exception to citizen test, later.)
Yes. Continue
No.
You can't claim this
person as a dependent.
Definitions and Special Rules
Adopted child. An adopted child is always treated as your own
child. An adopted child includes a child lawfully placed with
you for legal adoption.
Adoption taxpayer identification numbers (ATINs). If you
have a dependent who was placed with you for legal adoption
and you don’t know the dependent’s SSN, you must get an
ATIN for the dependent from the IRS. See Form W-7A for
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Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
details. If the dependent isn't a U.S. citizen or resident alien, ap-
CAUTION
!
ply for an ITIN instead using Form W-7.
Children of divorced or separated parents. A child will be
treated as the qualifying child or qualifying relative of the
child’s noncustodial parent (defined later) if all of the following
conditions apply.
1. The parents are divorced, legally separated, separated under a written separation agreement, or lived apart at all times
during the last 6 months of 2022 (whether or not they are or
were married).
2. The child received over half of the child’s support for
2022 from the parents (and the rules on Multiple support agree-ments, later, don’t apply). Support of a child received from a parent's spouse is treated as provided by the parent.
3. The child is in custody of one or both of the parents for
more than half of 2022.
4. Either of the following applies.
a. The custodial parent signs Form 8332 or a substantially
similar statement that they won't claim the child as a dependent
for 2022, and the noncustodial parent includes a copy of the
form or statement with their return. If the divorce decree or separation agreement went into effect after 1984 and before 2009,
the noncustodial parent may be able to include certain pages
from the decree or agreement instead of Form 8332. See
Post-1984 and pre-2009 decree or agreement and Post-2008
decree or agreement.
b. A pre-1985 decree of divorce or separate maintenance or
written separation agreement between the parents provides that
the noncustodial parent can claim the child as a dependent, and
the noncustodial parent provides at least $600 for support of the
child during 2022.
If conditions (1) through (4) apply, only the noncustodial parent can claim the child for purposes of the child tax credits and
credit for other dependents (lines 19 and 28). However, this
doesn't allow the noncustodial parent to claim head of household filing status, the credit for child and dependent care expenses, the exclusion for dependent care benefits, or the earned income credit. The custodial parent or another taxpayer, if eligible, can claim the child for the earned income credit and these
other benefits. See Pub. 501 for details.
Custodial and noncustodial parents. The custodial parent is
the parent with whom the child lived for the greater number of
nights in 2022. The noncustodial parent is the other parent. If
the child was with each parent for an equal number of nights,
the custodial parent is the parent with the higher adjusted gross
income. See Pub. 501 for an exception for a parent who works
at night, rules for a child who is emancipated under state law,
and other details.
Post-1984 and pre-2009 decree or agreement. The decree
or agreement must state all three of the following.
1. The noncustodial parent can claim the child as a depend-
ent without regard to any condition, such as payment of support.
2. The other parent won't claim the child as a dependent.
3. The years for which the claim is released.
The noncustodial parent must include all of the following pa-
ges from the decree or agreement.
Cover page (include the other parent's SSN on that page).
•
The pages that include all the information identified in (1)
•
through (3) above.
Signature page with the other parent's signature and date
•
of agreement.
You must include the required information even if you
filed it with your return in an earlier year.
Post-2008 decree or agreement. If the divorce decree or
separation agreement went into effect after 2008, the noncustodial parent can't include pages from the decree or agreement instead of Form 8332. The custodial parent must sign either Form
8332 or a substantially similar statement the only purpose of
which is to release the custodial parent's claim to certain tax
benefits for a child, and the noncustodial parent must include a
copy with their return. The form or statement must release the
custodial parent's claim to the child without any conditions. For
example, the release must not depend on the noncustodial parent paying support.
Release of certain tax benefits revoked. A custodial parent
who has revoked their previous release of a claim to certain tax
benefits for a child must include a copy of the revocation with
their return. For details, see Form 8332.
Exception to citizen test. If you are a U.S. citizen or U.S. national and your adopted child lived with you all year as a member of your household, that child meets the requirement to be a
U.S. citizen in Step 2, question 1; Step 3, question 2; Step 4,
question 2; and Step 5, question 2.
Exception to gross income test. If your relative (including a
person who lived with you all year as a member of your household) is permanently and totally disabled (defined later), certain
income for services performed at a sheltered workshop may be
excluded for this test. For details, see Pub. 501.
Exception to time lived with you. Temporary absences by you
or the other person for special circumstances, such as school,
vacation, business, medical care, military service, or detention
in a juvenile facility, count as time the person lived with you.
Also see Children of divorced or separated parents, earlier, or
Kidnapped child, later.
If the person meets all other requirements to be your qualifying child but was born or died in 2022, the person is considered
to have lived with you for more than half of 2022 if your home
was this person's home for more than half the time the person
was alive in 2022. If the person meets all other requirements to
be your qualifying child but you adopted the person in 2022, the
person was lawfully placed with you for legal adoption by you
in 2022, or the person was an eligible foster child placed with
you during 2022, the person is considered to have lived with
you for more than half of 2022 if your main home was this person's main home for more than half the time since the person
was adopted or placed with you in 2022.
Any other person is considered to have lived with you for all
of 2022 if the person was born or died in 2022 and your home
was this person's home for the entire time the person was alive
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
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in 2022 or if you adopted the person in 2022, the person was
lawfully placed with you for legal adoption by you in 2022, or
the person was an eligible foster child placed with you during
2022 and your main home was the person's main home for the
entire time since the person was adopted or placed with you in
2022.
Foster child. A foster child is any child placed with you by an
authorized placement agency or by judgment, decree, or other
order of any court of competent jurisdiction.
Kidnapped child. If your child is presumed by law enforcement authorities to have been kidnapped by someone who isn't a
family member, you may be able to take the child into account
in determining your eligibility for head of household or qualifying surviving spouse filing status, the child tax credit, the credit
for other dependents, and the earned income credit (EIC). For
details, see Pub. 501 (Pub. 596 for the EIC).
Married person. If the person is married and files a joint return, you can't claim that person as your dependent. However, if
the person is married but doesn't file a joint return or files a
joint return only to claim a refund of withheld income tax or estimated tax paid, you may be able to claim that person as a dependent. (See Pub. 501 for details and examples.) In that case,
go to Step 2, question 3 (for a qualifying child), or Step 4, question 4 (for a qualifying relative).
Multiple support agreements. If no one person contributed
over half of the support of your relative (or a person who lived
with you all year as a member of your household) but you and
another person(s) provided more than half of your relative's
support, special rules may apply that would treat you as having
provided over half of the support. For details, see Pub. 501.
Permanently and totally disabled. A person is permanently
and totally disabled if, at any time in 2022, the person can't engage in any substantial gainful activity because of a physical or
mental condition and a doctor has determined that this condition
has lasted or can be expected to last continuously for at least a
year or can be expected to lead to death.
Public assistance payments. If you received payments under
the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program
or other public assistance program and you used the money to
support another person, see Pub. 501.
Qualifying child of more than one person. Even if a child
meets the conditions to be the qualifying child of more than one
person, only one person can claim the child as a qualifying child
for all of the following tax benefits, unless the special rule for
Children of divorced or separated parents, described earlier,
applies.
1. Child tax credit and credit for other dependents (line 19)
and additional child tax credit (line 28).
2. Head of household filing status.
3. Credit for child and dependent care expenses (Schedule
3, line 2).
4. Exclusion for dependent care benefits (Form 2441, Part
III).
5. Earned income credit (line 27).
No other person can take any of the five tax benefits just listed
based on the qualifying child. If you and any other person can
claim the child as a qualifying child, the following rules apply.
For purposes of these rules, the term "parent" means a biological or adoptive parent of an individual. It doesn't include a stepparent or foster parent unless that person has adopted the individual.
If only one of the persons is the child's parent, the child is
•
treated as the qualifying child of the parent.
If the parents file a joint return together and can claim the
•
child as a qualifying child, the child is treated as the qualifying
child of the parents.
If the parents don’t file a joint return together but both pa-
•
rents claim the child as a qualifying child, the IRS will treat the
child as the qualifying child of the parent with whom the child
lived for the longer period of time in 2022. If the child lived
with each parent for the same amount of time, the IRS will treat
the child as the qualifying child of the parent who had the higher adjusted gross income (AGI) for 2022.
If no parent can claim the child as a qualifying child, the
•
child is treated as the qualifying child of the person who had the
highest AGI for 2022.
If a parent can claim the child as a qualifying child but no
•
parent does so claim the child, the child is treated as the qualifying child of the person who had the highest AGI for 2022, but
only if that person's AGI is higher than the highest AGI of any
parent of the child who can claim the child.
Example. Your child, J, meets the conditions to be a qualifying child for both you and your parent. J doesn't meet the conditions to be a qualifying child of any other person, including
J’s other parent. Under the rules just described, you can claim J
as a qualifying child for all of the five tax benefits just listed for
which you otherwise qualify. Your parent can't claim any of
those five tax benefits based on J. However, if your parent’s
AGI is higher than yours and you do not claim J as a qualifying
child, J is the qualifying child of your parent.
For more details and examples, see Pub. 501.
If you will be claiming the child as a qualifying child, go to
Step 2. Otherwise, stop; you can't claim any benefits based on
this child.
Social security number. You must enter each dependent's social security number (SSN). Be sure the name and SSN entered
agree with the dependent's social security card. Otherwise, at
the time we process your return, we may reduce or disallow any
tax benefits (such as the child tax credit) based on that dependent. If the name or SSN on the dependent's social security card
isn't correct or you need to get an SSN for your dependent, contact the Social Security Administration (SSA). See Social Se-curity Number (SSN), earlier. If your dependent won't have a
number by the date your return is due, see What if You Can't File on Time? earlier.
For the child tax credit, your child must have the required
SSN. The required SSN is one that is valid for employment and
that is issued by the SSA before the due date of your 2022 return (including extensions). If your child was a U.S. citizen
when the child received the SSN, the SSN is valid for employment. If “Not Valid for Employment” is printed on your child’s
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Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
social security card and your child’s immigration status has
changed so that your child is now a U.S. citizen or permanent
resident, ask the SSA for a new social security card without the
legend. However, if “Valid for Work Only With DHS Authorization” is printed on your child’s social security card, your child
has the required SSN only as long as the DHS authorization is
valid.
If your dependent child was born and died in 2022 and you
do not have an SSN for the child, enter “Died” in column (2) of
the Dependents section and include a copy of the child's birth
certificate, death certificate, or hospital records. The document
must show the child was born alive.
If you, or your spouse if filing jointly, didn't have an SSN (or
ITIN) issued on or before the due date of your 2022 return (in-
cluding extensions), you can't claim the child tax credit or the
credit for other dependents on your original or an amended
2022 return.
If you apply for an ITIN on or before the due date of your
2022 return (including extensions) and the IRS issues you an
ITIN as a result of the application, the IRS will consider your
ITIN as issued on or before the due date of your return.
Student. A student is a child who during any part of 5 calendar
months of 2022 was enrolled as a full-time student at a school
or took a full-time, on-farm training course given by a school or
a state, county, or local government agency. A school includes a
technical, trade, or mechanical school. It doesn't include an
on-the-job training course, correspondence school, or school offering courses only through the Internet.
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
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Income
Generally, you must report all income
except income that is exempt from tax
by law. For details, see the following instructions and the Schedule 1 instructions, especially the instructions for lines
1 through 7 and Schedule 1, lines 1
through 8z. Also see Pub. 525.
Forgiveness of Paycheck
Protection Program (PPP)
Loans
The forgiveness of a PPP Loan creates
tax-exempt income, so although you
don’t need to report the income from the
forgiveness of your PPP Loan on Form
1040 or 1040-SR, you do need to report
certain information related to your PPP
Loan.
Rev. Proc. 2021-48, 2021-49 I.R.B.
835, permits taxpayers to treat tax-exempt income resulting from the forgiveness of a PPP Loan as received or accrued: (1) as, and to the extent that, eligible expenses are paid or incurred; (2)
when you apply for forgiveness of the
PPP Loan; or (3) when forgiveness of
the PPP Loan is granted. If you have
tax-exempt income resulting from the
forgiveness of a PPP Loan, attach a
statement to your return reporting each
taxable year for which you are applying
Rev. Proc. 2021-48, and which section
of Rev. Proc. 2021-48 you are applying—either section 3.01(1), (2), or (3).
Any statement should include the following information for each PPP Loan:
1. Your name, address, and ITIN or
SSN;
2. A statement that you are applying
or applied section 3.01(1), (2), or (3) of
Rev. Proc. 2021-48, and for what taxable year;
3. The amount of tax-exempt income from forgiveness of the PPP Loan
that you are treating as received or accrued and for what taxable year; and
4. Whether forgiveness of the PPP
Loan has been granted as of the date you
file your return.
Write “RP2021-48” at the top of your
attached statement.
Foreign-Source Income
You must report unearned income, such
as interest, dividends, and pensions,
from sources outside the United States
unless exempt by law or a tax treaty.
You must also report earned income,
such as wages and tips, from sources
outside the United States.
If you worked abroad, you may be
able to exclude part or all of your foreign earned income. For details, see
Pub. 54 and Form 2555.
Foreign retirement plans. If you were
a beneficiary of a foreign retirement
plan, you may have to report the undistributed income earned in your plan.
However, if you were the beneficiary of
a Canadian registered retirement plan,
see Rev. Proc. 2014-55, 2014-44 I.R.B.
753, available at IRS.gov/irb/
2014-44_IRB#RP-2014-55, to find out if
you can elect to defer tax on the undistributed income.
Report distributions from foreign
pension plans on lines 5a and 5b.
Foreign accounts and trusts. You
must complete Part III of Schedule B if
you:
Had a foreign account; or
•
Received a distribution from, or
•
were a grantor of, or a transferor to, a
foreign trust.
Foreign financial assets. If you had
foreign financial assets in 2022, you
may have to file Form 8938. See Form
8938 and its instructions.
Chapter 11 Bankruptcy
Cases
If you are a debtor in a chapter 11 bankruptcy case, income taxable to the bankruptcy estate and reported on the estate's
income tax return includes:
Earnings from services you per-
•
formed after the beginning of the case
(both wages and self-employment income); and
Income from property described in
•
section 541 of title 11 of the U.S. Code
that you either owned when the case began or that you acquired after the case
began and before the case was closed,
dismissed, or converted to a case under a
different chapter.
Because this income is taxable to the
estate, don’t include this income on your
own individual income tax return. The
only exception is for purposes of figuring your self-employment tax. For that
purpose, you must take into account all
your self-employment income for the
year from services performed both before and after the beginning of the case.
Also, you (or the trustee if one is appointed) must allocate between you and
the bankruptcy estate the wages, salary,
or other compensation and withheld income tax reported to you on Form W-2.
A similar allocation is required for income and withheld income tax reported
to you on Forms 1099. You must also
include a statement that indicates you
filed a chapter 11 case and that explains
how income and withheld income tax reported to you on Forms W-2 and 1099
are allocated between you and the estate.
For more details, including acceptable
allocation methods, see Notice 2006-83,
2006-40 I.R.B. 596, available at
IRS.gov/irb/
2006-40_IRB#NOT-2006-83.
Community Property States
Community property states include Arizona, California, Idaho, Louisiana, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Washington,
and Wisconsin. If you and your spouse
lived in a community property state, you
must usually follow state law to determine what is community income and
what is separate income. For details, see
Form 8958 and Pub. 555.
Nevada, Washington, and California
domestic partners. A registered do-
mestic partner in Nevada, Washington,
or California must generally report half
the combined community income of the
individual and their domestic partner.
See Form 8958 and Pub. 555.
Rounding Off to Whole
Dollars
You can round off cents to whole dollars
on your return and schedules. If you do
round to whole dollars, you must round
all amounts. To round, drop amounts under 50 cents and increase amounts from
50 to 99 cents to the next dollar. For example, $1.39 becomes $1 and $2.50 becomes $3.
If you have to add two or more
amounts to figure the amount to enter on
a line, include cents when adding the
amounts and round off only the total.
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Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
If you are entering amounts that in-
CAUTION
!
CAUTION
!
CAUTION
!
CAUTION
!
TIP
clude cents, make sure to include the
decimal point. There is no cents column
on the form.
The lines on Forms 1040 and
1040-SR are the same. Referen-
ces to lines in the following instructions refer to the line on either
form.
Line 1a
Total Amount From Form(s)
W-2, Box 1
Enter the total amount from Form(s)
W-2, box 1. If a joint return, also include your spouse's income from
Form(s) W-2, box 1.
If you earned wages while you
were an inmate in a penal insti-
tution, you will now report
these amounts on Schedule 1, line 8u.
Do not report those wages on line 1a.
See the instructions for Schedule 1,
line 8u.
If you received a pension or an-
nuity from a nonqualified de-
ferred compensation plan or a
nongovernmental section 457(b) plan
and it was reported in box 1 of Form
W-2, do not include this amount on
Form 1040, line 1a. This amount is reported on Schedule 1, line 8t.
Line 1b
Household Employee
Wages Not Reported on
Form(s) W-2
Enter the total of your wages received as
a household employee that was not reported on Form(s) W-2. An employer
isn’t required to provide a Form W-2 to
you if they paid you wages of less than
$2,400 in 2022. For information on employment taxes for household employees, see Tax Topic 756.
Line 1c
Tip Income Not Reported on
Line 1a
Enter the total of your tip income that
was not reported on Form 1040, line 1a.
This should include any tip income you
didn’t report to your employer and any
allocated tips shown in box 8 on your
Form(s) W-2 unless you can prove that
your unreported tips are less than the
amount in box 8. Allocated tips aren't included as income in box 1. See Pub. 531
for more details. Also include the value
of any noncash tips you received, such
as tickets, passes, or other items of value. Although you don’t report these noncash tips to your employer, you must report them on line 1c.
You may owe social security
and Medicare or railroad re-
tirement (RRTA) tax on unreported tips. See the instructions for
Schedule 2, line 5.
Line 1d
Medicaid Waiver Payments
Not Reported on Form(s)
W-2, Box 1
Enter your taxable Medicaid waiver
payments that were not reported on
Form(s) W-2. Also enter the total of
your taxable and nontaxable Medicaid
waiver payments that were not reported
on Form(s) W-2, or not reported in
box 1 of Form(s) W-2, if you choose to
include nontaxable payments in earned
income for purposes of claiming a credit
or other tax benefit. If you and your
spouse both received nontaxable Medicaid waiver payments during the year,
you and your spouse can make different
choices about including payments in
earned income. See the instructions for
Schedule 1, line 8s.
Line 1e
Taxable Dependent Care
Benefits From Form 2441,
Line 26
Enter the total of your taxable dependent
care benefits from Form 2441, line 26.
Dependent care benefits should be
shown in box 10 of your Form(s) W-2.
But first complete Form 2441 to see if
you can exclude part or all of the benefits.
Line 1f
Employer-Provided
Adoption Benefits From
Form 8839, Line 29
Enter the total of your employer-provided adoption benefits from Form 8839,
line 29. Employer-provided adoption
benefits should be shown in box 12 of
your Form(s) W-2 with code T. But see
the Instructions for Form 8839 to find
out if you can exclude part or all of the
benefits. You may also be able to exclude amounts if you adopted a child
with special needs and the adoption became final in 2022.
Line 1g
Wages From Form 8919,
Line 6
Enter the total of your wages from Form
8919, line 6.
Line 1h
Other Earned Income
If you received scholarship or
fellowship grants that were not
reported to you on Form W-2,
you will now report these amounts on
Schedule 1, line 8r. See the instructions
for Schedule 1, line 8r.
The following types of income must
be included in the total on line 1h.
Strike or lockout benefits (other
•
than bona fide gifts).
Excess elective deferrals. The
•
amount deferred should be shown in
box 12 of your Form W-2, and the “Retirement plan” box in box 13 should be
checked. If the total amount you (or
your spouse if filing jointly) deferred for
2022 under all plans was more than
$20,500 (excluding catch-up contributions as explained later), include the excess on line 1h. This limit is (a) $14,000
if you have only SIMPLE plans, or (b)
$23,500 for section 403(b) plans if you
qualify for the 15-year rule in Pub. 571.
Although designated Roth contributions
are subject to this limit, don’t include
the excess attributable to such contributions on line 1h. They are already included as income in box 1 of your Form
W-2.
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
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A higher limit may apply to partici-
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pants in section 457(b) deferred compensation plans for the 3 years before retirement age. Contact your plan administrator for more information.
If you were age 50 or older at the end
of 2022, your employer may have allowed an additional deferral (catch-up
contributions) of up to $6,500 ($3,000
for section 401(k)(11) and SIMPLE
plans). This additional deferral amount
isn't subject to the overall limit on elective deferrals.
You can't deduct the amount
deferred. It isn't included as income in box 1 of your Form
W-2.
Disability pensions shown on
•
Form 1099-R if you haven’t reached the
minimum retirement age set by your
employer. But see Insurance Premiums for Retired Public Safety Officers in the
instructions for lines 5a and 5b.
Disability pensions received after you
reach minimum retirement age and other
payments shown on Form 1099-R (other
than payments from an IRA*) are
reported on lines 5a and 5b. Payments
from an IRA are reported on lines 4a
and 4b.
Corrective distributions from a
•
retirement plan shown on Form 1099-R
of excess elective deferrals and excess
contributions (plus earnings). But don’t
include distributions from an IRA* on
line 1h. Instead, report distributions
from an IRA on lines 4a and 4b.
*This includes a Roth, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA.
Line 1i
Nontaxable Combat Pay
Election
If you elect to include your nontaxable
combat pay in your earned income when
figuring the EIC, enter the amount on
line 1i. See the instructions for line 27.
Were You a Statutory
Employee?
If you were a statutory employee, the
“Statutory employee” box in box 13 of
your Form W-2 should be checked. Statutory employees include full-time life
insurance salespeople and certain agent
or commission drivers, certain traveling
salespeople, and certain homeworkers.
Statutory employees report the amount
shown in box 1 of Form W-2 on a
Schedule C along with any related business expenses.
Missing or Incorrect
Form W-2?
Your employer is required to provide or
send Form W-2 to you no later than
January 31, 2023. If you don’t receive it
by early February, use Tax Topic 154 to
find out what to do. Even if you don’t
get a Form W-2, you must still report
your earnings. If you lose your Form
W-2 or it is incorrect, ask your employer
for a new one.
Line 2a
Tax-Exempt Interest
If you received any tax-exempt interest
(including any tax-exempt original issue
discount (OID)), such as from municipal
bonds, each payer should send you a
Form 1099-INT or a Form 1099-OID. In
general, your tax-exempt stated interest
should be shown in box 8 of Form
1099-INT or, for a tax-exempt OID
bond, in box 2 of Form 1099-OID, and
your tax-exempt OID should be shown
in box 11 of Form 1099-OID. Enter the
total on line 2a. However, if you acquired a tax-exempt bond at a premium,
only report the net amount of tax-exempt interest on line 2a (that is, the excess of the tax-exempt interest received
during the year over the amortized bond
premium for the year). Also, if you acquired a tax-exempt OID bond at an acquisition premium, only report the net
amount of tax-exempt OID on line 2a
(that is, the excess of tax-exempt OID
for the year over the amortized acquisition premium for the year). See Pub. 550
for more information about OID, bond
premium, and acquisition premium.
Also include on line 2a any exempt-interest dividends from a mutual
fund or other regulated investment company. This amount should be shown in
box 12 of Form 1099-DIV.
Don’t include interest earned on your
IRA, health savings account, Archer or
Medicare Advantage MSA, or Coverdell
education savings account.
Don’t include any amounts related to the forgiveness of PPP
Loans on this line.
Line 2b
Taxable Interest
Each payer should send you a Form
1099-INT or Form 1099-OID. Enter
your total taxable interest income on
line 2b. But you must fill in and attach
Schedule B if the total is over $1,500 or
any of the other conditions listed at the
beginning of the Schedule B instructions
applies to you.
For more details about reporting taxable interest, including market discount
on bonds and adjustments for amortizable bond premium or acquisition premium, see Pub. 550.
Interest credited in 2022 on deposits
that you couldn't withdraw because of
the bankruptcy or insolvency of the financial institution may not have to be
included in your 2022 income. For details, see Pub. 550.
If you get a 2022 Form
1099-INT for U.S. savings bond
interest that includes amounts
you reported before 2022, see Pub. 550.
Line 3a
Qualified Dividends
Enter your total qualified dividends on
line 3a. Qualified dividends are also included in the ordinary dividend total required to be shown on line 3b. Qualified
dividends are eligible for a lower tax
rate than other ordinary income. Generally, these dividends are shown in
box 1b of Form(s) 1099-DIV. See Pub.
550 for the definition of qualified dividends if you received dividends not reported on Form 1099-DIV.
Exception. Some dividends may be reported as qualified dividends in box 1b
of Form 1099-DIV but aren't qualified
dividends. These include:
Dividends you received as a nomi-
•
nee. See the Schedule B instructions.
Dividends you received on any
•
share of stock that you held for less than
61 days during the 121-day period that
began 60 days before the ex-dividend
date. The ex-dividend date is the first
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date following the declaration of a divi-
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dend on which the purchaser of a stock
isn't entitled to receive the next dividend
payment. When counting the number of
days you held the stock, include the day
you disposed of the stock but not the day
you acquired it. See the examples that
follow. Also, when counting the number
of days you held the stock, you can't
count certain days during which your
risk of loss was diminished. See Pub.
550 for more details.
Dividends attributable to periods
•
totaling more than 366 days that you received on any share of preferred stock
held for less than 91 days during the
181-day period that began 90 days before the ex-dividend date. When counting the number of days you held the
stock, you can't count certain days during which your risk of loss was diminished. See Pub. 550 for more details.
Preferred dividends attributable to periods totaling less than 367 days are subject to the 61-day holding period rule
just described.
Dividends on any share of stock to
•
the extent that you are under an obligation (including a short sale) to make related payments with respect to positions
in substantially similar or related property.
Payments in lieu of dividends, but
•
only if you know or have reason to
know that the payments aren't qualified
dividends.
Dividends from a corporation that
•
first became a surrogate foreign corporation after December 22, 2017, other than
a foreign corporation that is treated as a
domestic corporation under section
7874(b).
Example 1. You bought 5,000 shares
of XYZ Corp. common stock on July 8,
2022. XYZ Corp. paid a cash dividend
of 10 cents per share. The ex-dividend
date was July 16, 2022. Your Form
1099-DIV from XYZ Corp. shows $500
in box 1a (ordinary dividends) and in
box 1b (qualified dividends). However,
you sold the 5,000 shares on August 11,
2022. You held your shares of XYZ
Corp. for only 34 days of the 121-day
period (from July 9, 2022, through August 11, 2022). The 121-day period began on May 17, 2022 (60 days before
the ex-dividend date), and ended on
September 14, 2022. You have no qualified dividends from XYZ Corp. because
you held the XYZ stock for less than 61
days.
Example 2. The facts are the same as
in Example 1 except that you bought the
stock on July 15, 2022 (the day before
the ex-dividend date), and you sold the
stock on September 16, 2022. You held
the stock for 63 days (from July 16,
2022, through September 16, 2022). The
$500 of qualified dividends shown in
box 1b of Form 1099-DIV are all qualified dividends because you held the
stock for 61 days of the 121-day period
(from July 16, 2022, through September
14, 2022).
Example 3. You bought 10,000
shares of ABC Mutual Fund common
stock on July 8, 2022. ABC Mutual
Fund paid a cash dividend of 10 cents a
share. The ex-dividend date was July 16,
2022. The ABC Mutual Fund advises
you that the part of the dividend eligible
to be treated as qualified dividends
equals 2 cents a share. Your Form
1099-DIV from ABC Mutual Fund
shows total ordinary dividends of $1,000
and qualified dividends of $200. However, you sold the 10,000 shares on August 11, 2022. You have no qualified
dividends from ABC Mutual Fund because you held the ABC Mutual Fund
stock for less than 61 days.
Use the Qualified Dividends
and Capital Gain Tax Work-
sheet or the Schedule D Tax
Worksheet, whichever applies, to figure
your tax. See the instructions for line 16
for details.
Line 3b
Ordinary Dividends
Each payer should send you a Form
1099-DIV. Enter your total ordinary dividends on line 3b. This amount should
be shown in box 1a of Form(s)
1099-DIV.
You must fill in and attach Schedule B if the total is over $1,500 or you
received, as a nominee, ordinary dividends that actually belong to someone
else.
Nondividend Distributions
Some distributions are a return of your
cost (or other basis). They won't be
taxed until you recover your cost (or
other basis). You must reduce your cost
(or other basis) by these distributions.
After you get back all of your cost (or
other basis), you must report these distributions as capital gains on Form 8949.
For details, see Pub. 550.
Dividends on insurance policies are a partial return of the
premiums you paid. Don’t report them as dividends. Include them in
income on Schedule 1, line 8z, only if
they exceed the total of all net premiums
you paid for the contract.
Lines 4a and 4b
IRA Distributions
You should receive a Form 1099-R
showing the total amount of any distribution from your IRA before income tax
or other deductions were withheld. This
amount should be shown in box 1 of
Form 1099-R. Unless otherwise noted in
the line 4a and 4b instructions, an IRA
includes a traditional IRA, Roth IRA,
simplified employee pension (SEP)
IRA, and a savings incentive match plan
for employees (SIMPLE) IRA. Except
as provided next, leave line 4a blank and
enter the total distribution (from Form
1099-R, box 1) on line 4b.
Exception 1. Enter the total distribution
on line 4a if you rolled over part or all of
the distribution from one:
Roth IRA to another Roth IRA, or
•
IRA (other than a Roth IRA) to a
•
qualified plan or another IRA (other
than a Roth IRA).
Also enter “Rollover” next to line 4b.
If the total distribution was rolled over,
enter -0- on line 4b. If the total distribution wasn't rolled over, enter the part not
rolled over on line 4b unless Exception 2
applies to the part not rolled over. Generally, a rollover must be made within
60 days after the day you received the
distribution. For more details on rollovers, see Pub. 590-A and Pub. 590-B.
If you rolled over the distribution into
a qualified plan or you made the rollover
in 2023, include a statement explaining
what you did.
Exception 2. If any of the following apply, enter the total distribution on line 4a
and see Form 8606 and its instructions
to figure the amount to enter on line 4b.
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1. You received a distribution from
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an IRA (other than a Roth IRA) and you
made nondeductible contributions to any
of your traditional or SEP IRAs for 2022
or an earlier year. If you made nondeductible contributions to these IRAs for
2022, also see Pub. 590-A and Pub.
590-B.
2. You received a distribution from
a Roth IRA. But if either (a) or (b) below applies, enter -0- on line 4b; you
don’t have to see Form 8606 or its instructions.
a. Distribution code T is shown in
box 7 of Form 1099-R and you made a
contribution (including a conversion) to
a Roth IRA for 2016 or an earlier year.
b. Distribution code Q is shown in
box 7 of Form 1099-R.
3. You converted part or all of a traditional, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA to a Roth
IRA in 2022.
4. You had a 2021 or 2022 IRA contribution returned to you, with the related earnings or less any loss, by the due
date (including extensions) of your tax
return for that year.
5. You made excess contributions to
your IRA for an earlier year and had
them returned to you in 2022.
6. You recharacterized part or all of
a contribution to a Roth IRA as a contribution to another type of IRA, or vice
versa.
Exception 3. If all or part of the distribution is a qualified charitable distribution (QCD), enter the total distribution
on line 4a. If the total amount distributed
is a QCD, enter -0- on line 4b. If only
part of the distribution is a QCD, enter
the part that is not a QCD on line 4b unless Exception 2 applies to that part. Enter “QCD” next to line 4b.
A QCD is a distribution made directly by the trustee of your IRA (other than
an ongoing SEP or SIMPLE IRA) to an
organization eligible to receive tax-deductible contributions (with certain exceptions). You must have been at least
age 70 1/2 when the distribution was
made.
Generally, your total QCDs for the
year can't be more than $100,000. (On a
joint return, your spouse can also have a
QCD of up to $100,000.) The amount of
the QCD is limited to the amount that
would otherwise be included in your income. If your IRA includes nondeductible contributions, the distribution is first
considered to be paid out of otherwise
taxable income. See Pub. 590-B for details.
You can't claim a charitable
contribution deduction for any
QCD not included in your in-
come.
Exception 4. If all or part of the distribution is a health savings account (HSA)
funding distribution (HFD), enter the total distribution on line 4a. If the total
amount distributed is an HFD and you
elect to exclude it from income, enter -0on line 4b. If only part of the distribution is an HFD and you elect to exclude
that part from income, enter the part that
isn't an HFD on line 4b unless Exception 2 applies to that part. Enter “HFD” next
to line 4b.
An HFD is a distribution made directly by the trustee of your IRA (other
than an ongoing SEP or SIMPLE IRA)
to your HSA. If eligible, you can generally elect to exclude an HFD from your
income once in your lifetime. You can't
exclude more than the limit on HSA
contributions or more than the amount
that would otherwise be included in your
income. If your IRA includes nondeductible contributions, the HFD is first considered to be paid out of otherwise taxable income. See Pub. 969 for details.
The amount of an HFD reduces
the amount you can contribute
to your HSA for the year. If you
fail to maintain eligibility for an HSA
for the 12 months following the month of
the HFD, you may have to report the
HFD as income and pay an additional
tax. See Form 8889, Part III.
More than one exception applies. If
more than one exception applies, include
a statement showing the amount of each
exception, instead of making an entry
next to line 4b. For example: “Line 4b –
$1,000 Rollover and $500 HFD.” But
you do not need to attach a statement if
only Exception 2 and one other exception apply.
More than one distribution. If you (or
your spouse if filing jointly) received
more than one distribution, figure the
taxable amount of each distribution and
enter the total of the taxable amounts on
line 4b. Enter the total amount of those
distributions on line 4a.
You may have to pay an additional tax if you received an
early distribution from your
IRA and the total wasn't rolled over. See
the instructions for Schedule 2, line 8,
for details.
More information. For more information about IRAs, see Pub. 590-A and
Pub. 590-B.
Lines 5a and 5b
Pensions and Annuities
You should receive a Form 1099-R
showing the total amount of your pension and annuity payments before income tax or other deductions were withheld. This amount should be shown in
box 1 of Form 1099-R. Pension and annuity payments include distributions
from 401(k), 403(b), and governmental
457(b) plans. Rollovers and lump-sum
distributions are explained later. Don’t
include the following payments on lines
5a and 5b. Instead, report them on
line 1h.
Disability pensions received before
•
you reach the minimum retirement age
set by your employer.
Corrective distributions (including
•
any earnings) of excess elective deferrals or other excess contributions to retirement plans. The plan must advise
you of the year(s) the distributions are
includible in income.
Attach Form(s) 1099-R to
Form 1040 or 1040-SR if any
federal income tax was withheld.
Fully Taxable Pensions and
Annuities
Your payments are fully taxable if (a)
you didn't contribute to the cost (see
Cost, later) of your pension or annuity,
or (b) you got your entire cost back tax
free before 2022. But see Insurance Pre-
miums for Retired Public Safety Officers, later. If your pension or annuity is
fully taxable, enter the total pension or
annuity payments (from Form(s)
1099-R, box 1) on line 5b; don’t make
an entry on line 5a.
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Fully taxable pensions and annuities
CAUTION
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also include military retirement pay
shown on Form 1099-R. For details on
military disability pensions, see Pub.
525. If you received a Form
RRB-1099-R, see Pub. 575 to find out
how to report your benefits.
Partially Taxable Pensions and
Annuities
Enter the total pension or annuity payments (from Form 1099-R, box 1) on
line 5a. If your Form 1099-R doesn't
show the taxable amount, you must use
the General Rule explained in Pub. 939
to figure the taxable part to enter on
line 5b. But if your annuity starting date
(defined later) was after July 1, 1986,
see Simplified Method, later, to find out
if you must use that method to figure the
taxable part.
You can ask the IRS to figure the taxable part for you for a $1,000 fee. For
details, see Pub. 939.
If your Form 1099-R shows a taxable
amount, you can report that amount on
line 5b. But you may be able to report a
lower taxable amount by using the General Rule or the Simplified Method or if
the exclusion for retired public safety officers, discussed next, applies.
Insurance Premiums for Retired
Public Safety Officers
If you are an eligible retired public safety officer (law enforcement officer, firefighter, chaplain, or member of a rescue
squad or ambulance crew), you can elect
to exclude from income distributions
made from your eligible retirement plan
that are used to pay the premiums for
coverage by an accident or health plan
or a long-term care insurance contract.
You can do this only if you retired because of disability or because you
reached normal retirement age. The premiums can be for coverage for you, your
spouse, or dependents. The distribution
must be from a plan maintained by the
employer from which you retired as a
public safety officer. Also, the distribution must be made directly from the plan
to the provider of the accident or health
plan or long-term care insurance contract. You can exclude from income the
smaller of the amount of the premiums
or $3,000. You can make this election
only for amounts that would otherwise
be included in your income.
An eligible retirement plan is a governmental plan that is a qualified trust or
a section 403(a), 403(b), or 457(b) plan.
If you make this election, reduce the
otherwise taxable amount of your pension or annuity by the amount excluded.
The amount shown in box 2a of Form
1099-R doesn't reflect the exclusion. Report your total distributions on line 5a
and the taxable amount on line 5b. Enter
“PSO” next to line 5b.
If you are retired on disability and reporting your disability pension on
line 1h, include only the taxable amount
on that line and enter “PSO” and the
amount excluded on the dotted line next
to line 1h.
Payments when you are disabled. If
you receive payments from a retirement
or profit-sharing plan that does not provide for disability retirement, do not
treat those payments as disability payments. The payments must be reported
as a pension or annuity.
You must include in your income any
amounts that you received that you
would have received in retirement had
you not become disabled as a result of a
terrorist attack. Include in your income
any payments you receive from a
401(k), pension, or other retirement plan
to the extent that you would have received the amount at the same or later
time regardless of whether you had become disabled.
Example. Taxpayer J, a contractor,
was disabled as a direct result of participating in efforts to clean up the World
Trade Center. J is eligible for compensation by the September 11 Victim Compensation Fund. J began receiving a disability pension at age 55 when J could
no longer continue working because of
J’s disability. Under J’s pension plan, at
age 55, J is entitled to an early retirement benefit of $2,500. If J waits until
age 62, normal retirement age under the
plan, J would be entitled to a normal retirement benefit of $3,000 a month. The
pension plan provides that a participant
who retires early on account of disability
is entitled to receive the participant's
normal retirement benefit, which in J's
case equals $3,000 per month. Until J
turns age 62, J can exclude $500 of the
monthly retirement benefit from income
(the difference between the early retirement benefit and the normal retirement
benefit, $3,000 - $2,500) received on account of disability. J must report the remaining $2,500 of monthly pension benefit as taxable. For each month after J
turns age 62, J must report the full
amount of the monthly pension benefit
($3,000 a month) as taxable.
Simplified Method
You must use the Simplified Method if
either of the following applies.
1. Your annuity starting date was after July 1, 1986, and you used this method last year to figure the taxable part.
2. Your annuity starting date was after November 18, 1996, and both of the
following apply.
a. The payments are from a qualified employee plan, a qualified employee annuity, or a tax-sheltered annuity.
b. On your annuity starting date, either you were under age 75 or the number of years of guaranteed payments was
fewer than 5. See Pub. 575 for the definition of guaranteed payments.
If you must use the Simplified Method, complete the Simplified Method
Worksheet in these instructions to figure
the taxable part of your pension or annuity. For more details on the Simplified
Method, see Pub. 575 (or Pub. 721 for
U.S. Civil Service retirement benefits).
If you received U.S. Civil Service retirement benefits and you
chose the alternative annuity
option, see Pub. 721 to figure the taxable part of your annuity. Do not use the
Simplified Method Worksheet in these
instructions.
Annuity Starting Date
Your annuity starting date is the later of
the first day of the first period for which
you received a payment or the date the
plan's obligations became fixed.
Age (or Combined Ages) at
Annuity Starting Date
If you are the retiree, use your age on
the annuity starting date. If you are the
survivor of a retiree, use the retiree's age
on their annuity starting date. But if your
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
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Simplified Method Worksheet—Lines 5a and 5b
Before you begin:
If you are the beneciary of a deceased employee or former employee who died before August 21, 1996, include
any death benet exclusion that you are entitled to (up to $5,000) in the amount entered on line 2 below.
More than one pension or annuity. If you had more than one partially taxable pension or annuity, gure the taxable part of each separately. Enter
the total of the taxable parts on Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 5b. Enter the total pension or annuity payments received in 2022 on Form 1040 or
1040-SR, line 5a.
1.
1.
2.
2.
Note. If you completed this worksheet last year, skip line 3 and enter the amount from line 4
of last year’s worksheet on line 4 below (even if the amount of your pension or annuity has
changed). Otherwise, go to line 3.
3. Enter the appropriate number from Table 1 below. But if your annuity starting date was after
1997 and the payments are for your life and that of your beneciary, enter the appropriate
number from Table 2 below
3.
4. Divide line 2 by the number on line 3
4.
5. Multiply line 4 by the number of months for which this year’s payments were made. If your
annuity starting date was before 1987, skip lines 6 and 7 and enter this amount on line 8.
Otherwise, go to line 6
5.
6. Enter the amount, if any, recovered tax free in years after 1986. If you completed this
worksheet last year, enter the amount from line 10 of last year’s worksheet
6.
7. Subtract line 6 from line 2
7.
8. Enter the smaller of line 5 or line 7
8.
9. Taxable amount. Subtract line 8 from line 1. Enter the result, but not less than zero. Also, enter this amount on Form
1040 or 1040-SR, line 5b. If your Form 1099-R shows a larger amount, use the amount on this line instead of the
amount from Form 1099-R. If you are a retired public safety ofcer, see Insurance Premiums for Retired Public Safety Ofcers before entering an amount on line 5b
9.
10. Was your annuity starting date before 1987?
Yes.
STOP
Do not complete the rest of this worksheet.
No.
Add lines 6 and 8. This is the amount you have recovered tax free through 2022. You will need this
number if you need to ll out this worksheet next year
10.
Table 1 for Line 3 Above
AND your annuity starting date was—
IF the age at annuity starting
date was . . .
before November 19, 1996,
enter on line 3 . . .
after November 18, 1996,
enter on line 3 . . .
360
310
260
210
160
300
260
240
170
120
55 or under
56–60
61–65
66–70
71 or older
Table 2 for Line 3 Above
IF the combined ages at annuity
starting date were . . .
THEN enter on line 3 . . .
410
360
310
260
210
110 or under
111–120
121–130
131–140
141 or older
11.
11.
Balance of cost to be recovered. Subtract line 10 from line 2. If zero, you won’t have to complete this
worksheet next year. The payments you receive next year will generally be fully taxable
Enter the total pension or annuity payments from Form 1099-R, box 1. Also, enter this amount on Form 1040 or
1040-SR, line 5a
Enter your cost in the plan at the annuity starting date
the payments are for your life and that of
your beneficiary, use your combined
ages on the annuity starting date.
If you are the beneficiary of an employee who died, see Pub. 575. If there
is more than one beneficiary, see Pub.
575 or Pub. 721 to figure each beneficiary's taxable amount.
Cost
Your cost is generally your net investment in the plan as of the annuity starting date. It doesn't include pre-tax contributions. Your net investment may be
shown in box 9b of Form 1099-R.
Rollovers
Generally, a rollover is a tax-free distribution of cash or other assets from one
retirement plan that is contributed to another plan within 60 days of receiving
the distribution. However, a rollover to a
Roth IRA or a designated Roth account
is generally not a tax-free distribution.
Use lines 5a and 5b to report a rollover,
including a direct rollover, from one
qualified employer's plan to another or
to an IRA or SEP.
Enter on line 5a the distribution from
Form 1099-R, box 1. From this amount,
subtract any contributions (usually
shown in box 5) that were taxable to you
when made. From that result, subtract
the amount of the rollover. Enter the remaining amount on line 5b. If the remaining amount is zero and you have no
other distribution to report on line 5b,
enter -0- on line 5b. Also enter "Rollover" next to line 5b.
See Pub. 575 for more details on rollovers, including special rules that apply
to rollovers from designated Roth accounts, partial rollovers of property, and
distributions under qualified domestic
relations orders.
Lump-Sum Distributions
If you received a lump-sum distribution
from a profit-sharing or retirement plan,
your Form 1099-R should have the "Total distribution" box in box 2b checked.
You may owe an additional tax if you
received an early distribution from a
qualified retirement plan and the total
amount wasn't rolled over. For details,
see the instructions for Schedule 2,
line 8.
Enter the total distribution on line 5a
and the taxable part on line 5b. For details, see Pub. 575.
If you or the plan participant
was born before January 2,
1936, you could pay less tax on
the distribution. See Form 4972.
Lines 6a, 6b, and 6c
Lines 6a and 6b
Social Security Benefits
You should receive a Form SSA-1099
showing in box 3 the total social security benefits paid to you. Box 4 will show
the amount of any benefits you repaid in
2022. If you received railroad retirement
benefits treated as social security, you
should receive a Form RRB-1099.
Use the Social Security Benefits
Worksheet in these instructions to see if
any of your benefits are taxable.
Exception. Do not use the Social Security Benefits Worksheet in these instructions if any of the following applies.
You made contributions to a tradi-
•
tional IRA for 2022 and you or your
spouse were covered by a retirement
plan at work or through self-employment. Instead, use the worksheets in
Pub. 590-A to see if any of your social
security benefits are taxable and to figure your IRA deduction.
You repaid any benefits in 2022
•
and your total repayments (box 4) were
more than your total benefits for 2022
(box 3). None of your benefits are taxable for 2022. Also, if your total repayments in 2022 exceed your total benefits
received in 2022 by more than $3,000,
you may be able to take an itemized deduction or a credit for part of the excess
repayments if they were for benefits you
included in income in an earlier year.
For more details, see Pub. 915.
You file Form 2555, 4563, or
•
8815, or you exclude employer-provided
adoption benefits or income from sources within Puerto Rico. Instead, use the
worksheet in Pub. 915.
Social security information.
Social security beneficiaries
can now get a variety of information from the SSA website with a my
Social Security account, including getting a replacement Form SSA‐1099 if
needed. For more information and to set
up an account, go to SSA.gov/
myaccount.
Disability payments. Don’t include in
your income any disability payments
(including Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) payments) you receive
for injuries incurred as a direct result of
a terrorist attack directed against the
United States (or its allies), whether outside or within the United States. In the
case of the September 11 attacks, injuries eligible for coverage by the September 11 Victim Compensation Fund are
treated as incurred as a direct result of
the attack. If these payments are incorrectly reported as taxable on Form
SSA-1099, don't include the nontaxable
portion of income on your tax return.
You may receive a notice from the IRS
regarding the omitted payments. Follow
the instructions in the notice to explain
that the excluded payments aren't taxable. For more information about these
payments, see Pub. 3920.
Example. Taxpayer X, a firefighter,
was disabled as a direct result of the
September 11 terrorist attack on the
World Trade Center. X began receiving
Social Security Disability Insurance
(SSDI) benefits at age 54. X's full retirement age for social security retirement
benefits is age 66. X's birthday is April
25. In the year X turned 66, X received
$1,500 per month in benefits from the
Social Security Administration (for a total of $18,000). Because X became eligible for a full retirement benefit in May,
the month after X turned 66, X can exclude only four months (January through
April) of their annual benefit from their
income ($6,000). X must report the remaining $12,000 on line 6a. X must also
complete the Social Security Benefits
Worksheet to find out if any part of the
$12,000 is taxable.
Form RRB-1099. If you need a
replacement Form RRB-1099,
call the Railroad Retirement
Board at 877-772-5772 or go to
www.rrb.gov.
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
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Accrued leave payment. If you retire
TIP
CAUTION
!
TIP
on disability, any lump-sum payment
you receive for accured annual leave is a
salary payment. The payment is not a
disability payment. Include it in your income in the tax year you receive it.
Line 6c
Check the box on line 6c if you elect to
use the lump-sum election method for
your benefits. If any of your benefits are
taxable for 2022 and they include a
lump-sum benefit payment that was for
an earlier year, you may be able to reduce the taxable amount with the
lump-sum election. See Lump-Sum Elec-tion in Pub. 915 for details.
Line 7
Capital Gain or (Loss)
If you sold a capital asset, such as a
stock or bond, you must complete and
attach Form 8949 and Schedule D.
Exception 1. You don’t have to file
Form 8949 or Schedule D if you aren’t
deferring any capital gain by investing
in a qualified opportunity fund and both
of the following apply.
1. You have no capital losses, and
your only capital gains are capital gain
distributions from Form(s) 1099-DIV,
box 2a (or substitute statements); and
2. None of the Form(s) 1099-DIV
(or substitute statements) have an
amount in box 2b (unrecaptured section
1250 gain), box 2c (section 1202 gain),
or box 2d (collectibles (28%) gain).
Exception 2. You must file Schedule D
but generally don’t have to file Form
8949 if Exception 1 doesn't apply, you
aren’t deferring any capital gain by investing in a qualified opportunity fund
or terminating deferral from an investment in a qualified opportunity fund,
and your only capital gains and losses
are:
Capital gain distributions;
•
A capital loss carryover from
•
2021;
A gain from Form 2439 or 6252 or
•
Part I of Form 4797;
A gain or loss from Form 4684,
•
6781, or 8824;
A gain or loss from a partnership,
•
S corporation, estate, or trust; or
Gains and losses from transactions
•
for which you received a Form 1099-B
(or substitute statement) that shows basis was reported to the IRS, the QOF
box in box 3 isn’t checked, and you
don’t need to make any adjustments in
column (g) of Form 8949 or enter any
codes in column (f) of Form 8949.
If Exception 1 applies, enter your total capital gain distributions (from
box 2a of Form(s) 1099-DIV) on line 7
and check the box on that line. If you received capital gain distributions as a
nominee (that is, they were paid to you
but actually belong to someone else), report on line 7 only the amount that belongs to you. Include a statement showing the full amount you received and the
amount you received as a nominee. See
the Schedule B instructions for filing requirements for Forms 1099-DIV and
1096.
If you don’t have to file Schedule D, use the Qualified Divi-
dends and Capital Gain Tax
Worksheet in the line 16 instructions to
figure your tax.
Total Income and
Adjusted Gross
Income
Line 10
Enter any adjustments to income from
Schedule 1, line 26, on line 10.
Tax and Credits
Line 12
Itemized Deductions or
Standard Deduction
In most cases, your federal income tax
will be less if you take the larger of your
itemized deductions or standard deduction.
Itemized Deductions
To figure your itemized deductions, fill
in Schedule A.
If you made a section 962 election and are taking a deduction
under section 250 with respect
to any income inclusions under section
951 or 951A, don't report the deduction
on line 12. Instead, report the tax with
respect to a section 962 election on
line 16 and include in the statement required by line 16 how you figured the
section 250 deduction.
Standard Deduction
Most Form 1040 filers can find their
standard deduction by looking at the
amounts listed to the left of line 12.
Most Form 1040-SR filers can find their
standard deduction by using the chart on
the last page of Form 1040-SR.
Exception 1—Dependent. If you
checked the “Someone can claim you as
a dependent” box, or if you’re filing
jointly and you checked the “Someone
can claim your spouse as a dependent”
box, use the Standard Deduction Worksheet for Dependents to figure your
standard deduction.
Someone claims you or your
spouse as a dependent if they
list your or your spouse's name
and SSN in the Dependents section of
their return.
Exception 2—Born before January 2,
1958, or blind. If you checked any of
the following boxes, figure your standard deduction using the Standard Deduction Chart for People Who Were Born
Before January 2, 1958, or Were Blind
if you are filing Form 1040 or by using
the chart on the last page of Form
1040-SR.
You were born before January 2,
•
1958.
You are blind.
•
Spouse was born before January 2,
•
1958.
Spouse is blind.
•
Exception 3—Separate return or dual-status alien. If you checked the box
labeled “Spouse itemizes on separate return or you were dual-status alien” on
the Spouse standard deduction line, your
standard deduction is zero, even if you
were born before January 2, 1958, or
were blind.
Exception 4—Increased standard deduction for net qualified disaster loss.
-31-
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
Social Security Benefits Worksheet—Lines 6a and 6b
STOP
STOP
TIP
Keep for Your Records
Before you begin:
1.Enter the total amount from box 5 of all your Forms SSA-1099 and
RRB-1099. Also enter this amount on Form 1040 or 1040-SR,
line 6a ........................................................1.
2.Multiply line 1 by 50% (0.50) ........................................................
3.Combine the amounts from Form 1040 or 1040-SR, lines 1z, 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b, 7, and 8 ..........
4.Enter the amount, if any, from Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 2a .............................
5.Combine lines 2, 3, and 4 ............................................................
6.Enter the total of the amounts from Schedule 1, lines 11 through 20, and 23 and 25 ...........
7.Is the amount on line 6 less than the amount on line 5?
No.
Yes. Subtract line 6 from line 5 ...................................................7.
8.If you are:
9.Is the amount on line 8 less than the amount on line 7?
Married filing jointly, enter $32,000
•
Single, head of household, qualifying surviving spouse, or
•
married filing separately and you lived apart from your spouse for,
all of 2022, enter $25,000...............8.
Married filing separately and you lived with your spouse at any time
•
in 2022, skip lines 8 through 15; multiply line 7 by 85% (0.85) and
enter the result on line 16. Then, go to line 17
No.
Yes. Subtract line 8 from line 7 ...................................................9.
Figure any write-in adjustments to be entered on Schedule 1, line 24z (see the instructions for Schedule
1, line 24z).
If you are married filing separately and you lived apart from your spouse for all of 2022, enter “D” to
the right of the word “benefits” on line 6a. If you don’t, you may get a math error notice from the IRS.
Be sure you have read the Exception in the line 6a and 6b instructions to see if you can use this
worksheet instead of a publication to find out if any of your benefits are taxable.
None of your social security benefits are taxable. Enter -0- on Form 1040 or
1040-SR, line 6b.
None of your social security benefits are taxable. Enter -0- on Form 1040 or
1040-SR, line 6b. If you are married filing separately and you lived apart from
your spouse for all of 2022, be sure you entered “D” to the right of the word
“benefits” on line 6a.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
10.
Enter $12,000 if married filing jointly; $9,000 if single, head of household, qualifying surviving
spouse, or married filing separately and you lived apart from your spouse for all of 2022 ...... 10.
11.
Subtract line 10 from line 9. If zero or less, enter -0- .....................................
12.
Enter the smaller of line 9 or line 10 ..................................................
13.
Enter one-half of line 12 .............................................................
14.
Enter the smaller of line 2 or line 13 ..................................................
15.
Multiply line 11 by 85% (0.85). If line 11 is zero, enter -0- ................................
16.
Add lines 14 and 15 .................................................................
17.
Multiply line 1 by 85% (0.85) ........................................................
18.
Taxable social security benefits. Enter the smaller of line 16 or line 17. Also enter this amount
on Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 6b .................................................... 18.
If any of your benefits are taxable for 2022 and they include a lump-sum benefit payment that was for an earlier
year, you may be able to reduce the taxable amount. See Lump-Sum Election in Pub. 915 for details.
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
-32-
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
If you had a net qualified disaster loss
and you elect to increase your standard
deduction by the amount of your net
qualified disaster loss, use Schedule A
to figure your standard deduction. Qualified disaster loss refers to losses arising
from certain disasters occurring in 2016
and subsequent years. See the Instructions for Form 4684 and Schedule A,
line 16, for more information.
Line 13
Qualified Business Income
Deduction (Section 199A
Deduction)
To figure your Qualified Business Income Deduction, use Form 8995 or
Form 8995-A as applicable.
Use Form 8995 if:
You have qualified business in-
•
come, qualified REIT dividends, or
qualified PTP income (loss);
Your 2022 taxable income before
•
the qualified business income deduction
is less than or equal to $170,050
($340,100 if married filing jointly); and
You aren’t a patron in a specified
•
agricultural or horticultural cooperative.
If you don’t meet these requirements,
use Form 8995-A, Qualified Business
Income Deduction. Attach whichever
form you use (Form 8995 or 8995-A) to
your return. See the Instructions for
Forms 8995 and 8995-A for more information for figuring and reporting your
qualified business income deduction.
Line 16
Tax
Include in the total on the entry space on
line 16 all of the following taxes that apply.
Tax on your taxable income. Fig-
•
ure the tax using one of the methods described later.
Tax from Form(s) 8814 (relating to
•
the election to report child's interest or
dividends). Check the appropriate box.
Tax from Form 4972 (relating to
•
lump-sum distributions). Check the appropriate box.
Tax with respect to a section 962
•
election (election made by a domestic
shareholder of a controlled foreign corporation to be taxed at corporate rates)
reduced by the amount of any foreign
tax credits claimed on Form 1118. See
section 962 for details. Check box 3 and
enter the amount and “962” in the space
next to that box. Attach a statement
showing how you figured the tax.
Recapture of an education credit.
•
You may owe this tax if you claimed an
education credit in an earlier year, and
either tax-free educational assistance or
a refund of qualified expenses was received in 2022 for the student. See Form
8863 for more details. Check box 3 and
enter the amount and “ECR” in the
space next to that box.
Any tax from Form 8621, line 16e,
•
relating to a section 1291 fund. Check
box 3 and enter the amount of the tax
and “1291TAX” in the space next to that
box.
Tax from Form 8978, line 14 (re-
•
lating to partner's audit liability under
section 6226). Check box 3 and enter the
amount of the liability and “Form 8978”
in the space next to that box. If the
amount on Form 8978, line 14, is negative, see the instructions for Schedule 3
(Form 1040), line 6l.
Net tax liability deferred under
•
section 965(i). If you had a net 965 inclusion and made an election to defer
your net 965 tax liability under section
965(i), check box 3 and enter (as a negative number) the amount of the deferred
net 965 tax liability and “965” on the
line next to that box.
Triggering event under section
•
965(i). If you had a triggering event under section 965(i) during the year and
did not enter into a transfer agreement,
check box 3 and enter the amount of the
triggered deferred net 965 tax liability
and enter “965INC” on the line next to
that box.
Do you want the IRS to figure the
tax on your taxable income for you?
Yes. See chapter 13 of Pub. 17 for
details, including who is eligible and
what to do. If you have paid too much,
we will send you a refund. If you didn't
pay enough, we will send you a bill.
No. Use one of the following meth-
ods to figure your tax.
Tax Table or Tax Computation
Worksheet. If your taxable income is
less than $100,000, you must use the
Tax Table, later in these instructions, to
figure your tax. Be sure you use the cor-
rect column. If your taxable income is
$100,000 or more, use the Tax Computation Worksheet right after the Tax Table.
However, don’t use the Tax Table or
Tax Computation Worksheet to figure
your tax if any of the following applies.
Form 8615. Form 8615 must generally
be used to figure the tax on your unearned income over $2,300 if you are
under age 18, and in certain situations if
you are older.
You must file Form 8615 if you meet
all of the following conditions.
1. You had more than $2,300 of unearned income (such as taxable interest,
ordinary dividends, or capital gains (including capital gain distributions)).
2. You are required to file a tax return.
3. You were either:
a. Under age 18 at the end of 2022,
b. Age 18 at the end of 2022 and
didn't have earned income that was more
than half of your support, or
c. A full-time student at least age 19
but under age 24 at the end of 2022 and
didn't have earned income that was more
than half of your support.
4. At least one of your parents was
alive at the end of 2022.
5. You don’t file a joint return in
2022.
A child born on January 1, 2005, is
considered to be age 18 at the end of
2022; a child born on January 1, 2004, is
considered to be age 19 at the end of
2022; and a child born on January 1,
1999, is considered to be age 24 at the
end of 2022.
Schedule D Tax Worksheet. Use the
Schedule D Tax Worksheet in the Instructions for Schedule D to figure the
amount to enter on Form 1040 or
1040-SR, line 16, if:
You have to file Schedule D, and
•
line 18 or 19 of Schedule D is more than
zero; or
You have to file Form 4952 and
•
you have an amount on line 4g, even if
you don’t need to file Schedule D.
But if you are filing Form 2555, you
must use the Foreign Earned Income
Tax Worksheet instead.
-33-
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
Standard Deduction Worksheet for Dependents—Line 12
Keep for Your Records
Use this worksheet only if someone can claim you, or your spouse if filing jointly, as a dependent.
1.Check if:
2.Is your earned income* more than $750?
Yes. Add $400 to your earned income. Enter the total.
No. Enter $1,150.
3.Enter the amount shown below for your filing status.
Single or married filing separately—$12,950
•
Married filing jointly—$25,900
•
Head of household—$19,400
•
4.Standard deduction.
a. Enter the smaller of line 2 or line 3. If born after January 1, 1958, and not blind, stop here and enter this
amount on Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 12. Otherwise, go to line 4b ................................ 4a.
b. If born before January 2, 1958, or blind, multiply the number on line 1 by $1,400 ($1,750 if single or head of
c. Add lines 4a and 4b. Enter the total here and on Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 12 .......................
* Earned income includes wages, salaries, tips, professional fees, and other compensation received for personal services you performed. It also includes any
taxable scholarship or fellowship grant. Generally, your earned income is the total of the amount(s) you reported on Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 1z, and
Schedule 1, lines 3, 6, 8r, 8t, and 8u minus the amount, if any, on Schedule 1, line 15.
You were born before January 2, 1958.
You are blind.
Spouse was born before January 2, 1958.
Spouse is blind.
Total number of boxes
checked ..................
.......................... 2.
.......................... 3.
1.
4c.
Standard Deduction Chart for People Who Were Born Before January 2, 1958, or Were Blind
Don’t use this chart if someone can claim you, or your spouse if filing jointly, as a dependent. Instead, use the worksheet above.
You were born before January 2, 1958.
Spouse was born before January 2, 1958.
Enter the total number of boxes checked ...................................
IF your filing
status is . . .
Single
Married filing jointly
Qualifying surviving spouse
Married filing separately*
Head of household
* You can check the boxes for spouse if your filing status is married filing separately and your spouse had no income, isn't filing a return, and can't be claimed
as a dependent on another person's return.
You are blind.
Spouse is blind.
AND the number in
the box above is . . .
1
2
1
2
3
4
1
2
1
2
3
4
1
2
▶
THEN your standard
deduction is . . .
$14,700
16,450
$27,300
28,700
30,100
31,500
$27,300
28,700
$14,350
15,750
17,150
18,550
$21,150
22,900
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
-34-
Qualified Dividends and Capital Gain
CAUTION
!
Tax Worksheet. Use the Qualified
Dividends and Capital Gain Tax Worksheet, later, to figure your tax if you
don’t have to use the Schedule D Tax
Worksheet and if any of the following
applies.
You reported qualified dividends
•
on Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 3a.
You don’t have to file Schedule D
•
and you reported capital gain distributions on Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 7.
You are filing Schedule D, and
•
Schedule D, lines 15 and 16, are both
more than zero.
But if you are filing Form 2555, you
must use the Foreign Earned Income
Tax Worksheet instead.
Schedule J. If you had income from
farming or fishing (including certain
amounts received in connection with the
Exxon Valdez litigation), your tax may
be less if you choose to figure it using
income averaging on Schedule J.
Foreign Earned Income Tax Worksheet. If you claimed the foreign earned
income exclusion, housing exclusion, or
housing deduction on Form 2555, you
must figure your tax using the Foreign
Earned Income Tax Worksheet.
Foreign Earned Income Tax Worksheet—Line 16
Keep for Your Records
If Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 15, is zero, don’t complete this worksheet.
1. Enter the amount from Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 15 ......................................1.
2a. Enter the amount from your (and your spouse's, if filing jointly) Form 2555, lines 45 and 50 ......
b. Enter the total amount of any itemized deductions or exclusions you couldn't claim because they are
related to excluded income .............................................................. b.
c. Subtract line 2b from line 2a. If zero or less, enter -0- .......................................
2a.
c.
3. Add lines 1 and 2c .....................................................................3.
4. Figure the tax on the amount on line 3. Use the Tax Table, Tax Computation Worksheet,
Qualified Dividends and Capital Gain Tax Worksheet*, Schedule D Tax Worksheet*, or Form
8615, whichever applies. See the instructions for Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 16, to see which tax
computation method applies. (Don’t use a second Foreign Earned Income Tax Worksheet to figure
the tax on this line.) .................................................................... 4.
5. Figure the tax on the amount on line 2c. If the amount on line 2c is less than $100,000, use the
Tax Table to figure this tax. If the amount on line 2c is $100,000 or more, use the Tax Computation
6. Subtract line 5 from line 4. Enter the result. If zero or less, enter -0-. Also include this amount on
the entry space on Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 16 .......................................... 6.
* Enter the amount from line 3 above on line 1 of the Qualified Dividends and Capital Gain Tax Worksheet or Schedule D Tax Worksheet if
you use either of those worksheets to figure the tax on line 4 above. Complete the rest of that worksheet through line 4 (line 10 if you use the
Schedule D Tax Worksheet). Next, you must determine if you have a capital gain excess. To find out if you have a capital gain excess, subtract
Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 15, from line 4 of your Qualified Dividends and Capital Gain Tax Worksheet (line 10 of your Schedule D Tax
Worksheet). If the result is more than zero, that amount is your capital gain excess.
If you don’t have a capital gain excess, complete the rest of either of those worksheets according to the worksheet's instructions. Then,
complete lines 5 and 6 above.
If you have a capital gain excess, complete a second Qualified Dividends and Capital Gain Tax Worksheet or Schedule D Tax Worksheet
(whichever applies) as instructed above but in its entirety and with the following additional modifications. Then, complete lines 5 and 6 above.
These modifications are to be made only for purposes of filling out the Foreign Earned Income Tax Worksheet above.
1. Reduce (but not below zero) the amount you would otherwise enter on line 3 of your Qualified Dividends and Capital Gain Tax Worksheet
or line 9 of your Schedule D Tax Worksheet by your capital gain excess.
2. Reduce (but not below zero) the amount you would otherwise enter on line 2 of your Qualified Dividends and Capital Gain Tax Worksheet
or line 6 of your Schedule D Tax Worksheet by any of your capital gain excess not used in (1) above.
3. Reduce (but not below zero) the amount on your Schedule D (Form 1040), line 18, by your capital gain excess.
4. Include your capital gain excess as a loss on line 16 of your Unrecaptured Section 1250 Gain Worksheet in the Instructions for
Schedule D (Form 1040).
-35-
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
Qualified Dividends and Capital Gain Tax Worksheet—Line 16
Keep for Your Records
Before you begin:
1.Enter the amount from Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 15. However, if you are filing
Form 2555 (relating to foreign earned income), enter the amount from line 3 of the
Foreign Earned Income Tax Worksheet ................................... 1.
2.Enter the amount from Form 1040 or 1040-SR,
line 3a* .....................................2.
3.Are you filing Schedule D?*
Yes. Enter the smaller of line 15 or 16 of
Schedule D. If either line 15 or 16 is blank
or a loss, enter -0-.3.
No. Enter the amount from Form 1040 or
1040-SR, line 7.
4.Add lines 2 and 3 .............................
5.Subtract line 4 from line 1. If zero or less, enter -0- .........................
6.Enter:
$41,675 if single or married filing separately,
$83,350 if married filing jointly or qualifying surviving spouse,
$55,800 if head of household.
7.Enter the smaller of line 1 or line 6 ......................................
8.Enter the smaller of line 5 or line 7 ......................................
9.Subtract line 8 from line 7. This amount is taxed at 0% ......................
10.Enter the smaller of line 1 or line 4 ......................................
11.Enter the amount from line 9 ...........................................
12.Subtract line 11 from line 10 ...........................................
13.Enter:
$459,750 if single,
$258,600 if married filing separately,
$517,200 if married filing jointly or qualifying surviving spouse,
$488,500 if head of household.
14.Enter the smaller of line 1 or line 13 .....................................
15.Add lines 5 and 9 ....................................................
16.Subtract line 15 from line 14. If zero or less, enter -0- .......................
17.Enter the smaller of line 12 or line 16 ....................................
18.Multiply line 17 by 15% (0.15) ..........................................................
19.Add lines 9 and 17 ...................................................
20.Subtract line 19 from line 10 ...........................................
21.Multiply line 20 by 20% (0.20) ..........................................................
22.Figure the tax on the amount on line 5. If the amount on line 5 is less than $100,000, use the Tax Table
to figure the tax. If the amount on line 5 is $100,000 or more, use the Tax Computation
25.Tax on all taxable income. Enter the smaller of line 23 or 24. Also include this amount on the entry
space on Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 16. If you are filing Form 2555, don’t enter this amount on the
entry space on Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 16. Instead, enter it on line 4 of the Foreign Earned Income
* If you are filing Form 2555, see the footnote in the Foreign Earned Income Tax Worksheet before completing this line.
See the earlier instructions for line 16 to see if you can use this worksheet to figure your tax.
Before completing this worksheet, complete Form 1040 or 1040-SR through line 15.
If you don’t have to file Schedule D and you received capital gain distributions, be sure you checked the box
on Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 7.
4.
5.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
19.
20.
............ 6.
............
18.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
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Line 19
CAUTION
!
CAUTION
!
Child Tax Credit and Credit
for Other Dependents
Use Schedule 8812 (Form 1040) to figure your child tax credit and credit for
other dependents.
Form 8862, who must file. You must
file Form 8862 to claim the child tax
credit or credit for other dependents if
your child tax credit (refundable or nonrefundable depending on the tax year),
additional child tax credit, or credit for
other dependents for a year after 2015
was denied or reduced for any reason
other than a math or clerical error. Attach a completed Form 8862 to your
2022 return. Don’t file Form 8862 if you
filed Form 8862 for 2021, and the child
tax credit (refundable or nonrefundable),
additional child tax credit, or credit for
other dependents was allowed for that
year. See Form 8862 and its instructions
for details.
If you take the child tax credit
or credit for other dependents
even though you aren't eligible
and it is determined that your error is
due to reckless or intentional disregard
of the rules for these credits, you won't
be allowed to take either credit or the
additional child tax credit for 2 years
even if you're otherwise eligible to do
so. If you take the child tax credit or
credit for other dependents even though
you aren’t eligible and it is later determined that you fraudulently took either
credit, you won't be allowed to take either credit or the additional child tax
credit for 10 years. You may also have
to pay penalties.
If your qualifying child didn’t
have an SSN valid for employ-
ment issued before the due date
of your 2022 return (including extensions), you can’t claim the child tax
credit for that child on your original or
amended return. However, you may be
able to claim the credit for other dependents for that child.
Payments
Line 25
Federal Income Tax
Withheld
Line 25a—Form(s) W-2
Add the amounts shown as federal income tax withheld on your Form(s)
W-2. Enter the total on line 25a. The
amount withheld should be shown in
box 2 of Form W-2. Attach your
Form(s) W-2 to your return.
Line 25b—Form(s) 1099
Include on line 25b any federal income
tax withheld on your Form(s) 1099-R.
The amount withheld should be shown
in box 4. Attach your Form(s) 1099-R to
the front of your return if federal income
tax was withheld.
If you received a 2022 Form 1099
showing federal income tax withheld on
dividends, taxable or tax-exempt interest
income, unemployment compensation,
social security benefits, railroad retirement benefits, or other income you received, include the amount withheld in
the total on line 25b. This should be
shown in box 4 of Form 1099, box 6 of
Form SSA-1099, or box 10 of Form
RRB-1099.
Line 25c—Other Forms
Include on line 25c any federal income
tax withheld on your Form(s) W-2G.
The amount withheld should be shown
in box 4. Attach Form(s) W-2G to the
front of your return if federal income tax
was withheld.
If you had Additional Medicare Tax
withheld, include the amount shown on
Form 8959, line 24, in the total on
line 25c. Attach Form 8959.
Include on line 25c any federal income tax withheld that is shown on a
Schedule K-1.
Also include on line 25c any tax
withheld that is shown on Form 1042-S,
Form 8805, or Form 8288-A. You
should attach the form to your return to
claim a credit for the withholding.
Line 26
2022 Estimated Tax
Payments
Enter any estimated federal income tax
payments you made for 2022. Include
any overpayment that you applied to
your 2022 estimated tax from your 2021
return or an amended return (Form
1040-X).
If you and your spouse paid joint estimated tax but are now filing separate income tax returns, you can divide the
amount paid in any way you choose as
long as you both agree. If you can't
agree, you must divide the payments in
proportion to each spouse's individual
tax as shown on your separate returns
for 2022. For more information, see
Pub. 505. Be sure to show both SSNs in
the space provided on the separate returns. If you or your spouse paid separate estimated tax but you are now filing
a joint return, add the amounts you each
paid. Follow these instructions even if
your spouse died in 2022 or in 2023 before filing a 2022 return.
Divorced taxpayers. If you got divorced in 2022 and you made joint estimated tax payments with your former
spouse, enter your former spouse's SSN
in the space provided on the front of
Form 1040 or 1040-SR. If you were divorced and remarried in 2022, enter
your present spouse's SSN in the space
provided on the front of Form 1040 or
1040-SR. Also, on the dotted line next
to line 26, enter your former spouse's
SSN, followed by “DIV.”
Name change. If you changed your
name and you made estimated tax payments using your former name, attach a
statement to the front of Form 1040 or
1040-SR that explains all the payments
you and your spouse made in 2022 and
the name(s) and SSN(s) under which
you made them.
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Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
Line 27—
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Earned Income Credit (EIC)
What Is the EIC?
The EIC is a credit for certain people who work. The credit may
give you a refund even if you don’t owe any tax or didn’t have
any tax withheld.
To Take the EIC:
Follow the steps below.
•
Complete the worksheet that applies to you or let the IRS
•
figure the credit for you.
If you have a qualifying child, complete and attach Sched-
•
ule EIC.
If you have at least one child who meets the conditions to
•
be your qualifying child for purposes of claiming the EIC, complete and attach Schedule EIC, even if that child doesn't have a
valid SSN. See Schedule EIC for more information, including
how to complete Schedule EIC if your qualifying child doesn't
have a valid SSN.
For help in determining if you are eligible for the EIC, go to
IRS.gov/EITC and click on “EITC Qualification Assistant.” This
service is available in English and Spanish.
If you take the EIC even though you aren't eligible and
it is determined that your error is due to reckless or in-
tentional disregard of the EIC rules, you won't be allowed to take the credit for 2 years even if you are otherwise eligible to do so. If you fraudulently take the EIC, you won't be
allowed to take the credit for 10 years. See Form 8862, who
must file, later. You may also have to pay penalties.
work and is valid for EIC purposes (explained later under
Definitions and Special Rules)?
Yes. Continue
3. Are you filing Form 2555 (relating to foreign earned
income)?
Yes.
You can't take the
credit.
4. Were you or your spouse a nonresident alien for any part of
2022?
Yes. See Nonresident
aliens, later, under
Definitions and Special
Rules.
Step 2
1. Add the amounts from Form 1040 or 1040-SR:
Investment Income
Line 2a
Line 2b+
Line 3b+
Line 7*+
Investment Income =
No.
You can't take the credit.
Enter “No” on the dotted
line next to line 27.
No. Continue
No. Go to Step 2.
Refunds for returns claiming the earned income credit
can't be issued before mid-February 2023. This delay
applies to the entire refund, not just the portion associ-
ated with the earned income credit.
Step 1
1. If, in 2022:
•
•
•
•
2. Do you, and your spouse if filing a joint return, have a
social security number issued on or before the due date of
your 2022 return (including extensions) that allows you to
All Filers
3 or more children who have valid SSNs lived with you,
is the amount on Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 11, less
than $53,057 ($59,187 if married filing jointly)?
2 children who have valid SSNs lived with you, is the
amount on Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 11, less than
$49,399 ($55,529 if married filing jointly)?
1 child who has a valid SSN lived with you, is the
amount on Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 11, less than
$43,492 ($49,622 if married filing jointly)?
No children who have valid SSNs lived with you, is the
amount on Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 11, less than
$16,480 ($22,610 if married filing jointly)?
Yes. Continue
No.
You can't take the credit.
*If line 7 is a loss, enter -0-.
2. Is your investment income more than $10,300?
Yes. Continue
3. Are you filing Form 4797 (relating to sales of business
property)?
Yes. See Form 4797
filers, later, under
Definitions and Special
Rules.
4. Do any of the following apply for 2022?
You are filing Schedule E.
•
You are reporting income from the rental of personal
•
property not used in a trade or business.
You are filing Form 8814 (relating to election to report
•
child's interest and dividends on your return).
You have income or loss from a passive activity.
•
Yes. Use Worksheet 1
in Pub. 596 to see if you
can take the credit.
half brother, half sister, or a descendant of any of them (for example, your
Under age 24 at the end of 2022, a student (defined later), and younger than
or is filing a joint return for 2022 only to claim a refund of withheld income
Who lived with you in the United States for more than half of 2022.
Qualifying Child
A qualifying child for the EIC is a child who is your...
grandchild, niece, or nephew)
was ...
Under age 19 at the end of 2022 and younger than you
(or your spouse if filing jointly)
or
you (or your spouse if filing jointly)
or
Any age and permanently and totally disabled (defined later)
Who isn't filing a joint return for 2022
tax or estimated tax paid (see Pub. 596 for examples)
3. Are you a married taxpayer whose filing status is married
filing separately or head of household?
Yes. Continue
No. Skip questions 4
and 5; go to question 6.
4. Did you and your spouse have the same principal residence
for the last 6 months of 2022?
Yes. Continue
No. Skip question 5; go
to question 6.
5. Are you legally separated according to your state law under
a written separation agreement or a decree of separate
maintenance and you lived apart from your spouse at the
end of 2022?
Yes. Continue
No.
You can’t take the credit.
6. Could you be a qualifying child of another person for 2022?
(Check “No” if the other person isn't required to file, and
isn't filing, a 2022 tax return or is filing a 2022 return only
to claim a refund of withheld income tax or estimated tax
paid (see Pub. 596 for examples).)
Yes.
You can't take the
No. Skip Step 4; go to
Step 5.
credit. Enter “No” on
the dotted line next to
line 27.
You can't take the credit for a child who didn't live with you for more
than half the year, even if you paid most of the child's living expenses. The
IRS may ask you for documents to show you lived with each qualifying child.
Documents you might want to keep for this purpose include school and child
care records and other records that show your child's address.
If the child didn't live with you for more than half of 2022 because of
a temporary absence, birth, death, or kidnapping, see Exception to time lived with you, later.
If the child meets the conditions to be a qualifying child of any other
person (other than your spouse, if filing a joint return) for 2022, see
Qualifying child of more than one person, later. If the child was married, see
Married child, later.
1. Do you have at least one child who meets the conditions to
be your qualifying child for the purpose of claiming the
EIC?
Yes. Continue
No. Skip questions 2
through 6; go to Step 4.
2. Are you filing a joint return for 2022?
Yes. Skip questions 3
No. Continue
through 6 and Step 4;
go to Step 5.
Step 4
Filers Without a Qualifying
Child
1. Are you a married taxpayer whose filing status is married
filing separately or head of household?
Yes.
You can’t take the
credit.
2. Were you, or your spouse if filing a joint return, at least age
25 but under age 65 at the end of 2022? (Check “Yes” if
you, or your spouse if filing a joint return, were born after
December 31, 1957, and before January 2, 1998.) If your
spouse died in 2022 or if you are preparing a return for
someone who died in 2022, see Pub. 596 before you answer.
Yes. Continue
3. Was your main home, and your spouse's if filing a joint
return, in the United States for more than half of 2022?
Members of the military stationed outside the United States,
see Members of the military, later, before you answer.
Yes. Continue
No. Continue
No.
You can’t take the credit.
No.
You can't take the credit.
Enter “No” on the dotted
line next to line 27.
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Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
4. Are you filing a joint return for 2022?
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Yes. Skip questions 5
No. Continue
and 6; go to Step 5.
4.
Enter all of your nontaxable combat pay if you elect
to include it in earned income. Also enter the amount
of your nontaxable combat pay on line 1i of Form
1040 or 1040-SR. See Combat pay,
nontaxable, later ...................
4.
5. Could you be a qualifying child of another person for 2022?
(Check “No” if the other person isn't required to file, and
isn't filing, a 2022 tax return or is filing a 2022 return only
to claim a refund of withheld income tax or estimated tax
paid (see Pub. 596 for examples).)
Yes.
No. Continue
You can't take the
credit. Enter “No”
on the dotted line next
to line 27.
6. Can you be claimed as a dependent on someone else's 2022
tax return? (If the person who could claim you on their 2022
tax return is not required to file, and isn't filing a 2022 tax
return or is filing a 2022 return only to claim a refund of
withheld income tax or estimated tax paid, check “No.”)
Yes.
No. Go to Step 5.
You can't take the
credit.
Step 5
Earned Income
1. Are you filing Schedule SE because you were a member of
the clergy or you had church employee income of $108.28
or more?
Yes. See Clergy or
Church employees,
No. Complete the
following worksheet.
whichever applies.
1.
Enter the amount from Form 1040 or 1040-SR,
line 1z .........................
2.
Enter the Medicaid waiver payment amounts
excluded from income on Schedule 1 (Form 1040),
line 8s, unless you choose to include these amounts
in earned income, in which case enter -0-. See the
instructions for Schedule 1, line 8s. ........
1.
2.
Electing to include nontaxable combat pay may increase or
decrease your EIC. Figure the credit with and without your nontaxable
combat pay before making the election.
5.
Add lines 3 and 4.
This is your earned income ............
5.
2. Were you self-employed at any time in 2022, or are you
filing Schedule SE because you were a member of the
clergy or you had church employee income, or are you
filing Schedule C as a statutory employee?
Yes. Skip question 3
No. Continue
and Step 6; go to
Worksheet B.
3. If you have:
3 or more qualifying children who have valid SSNs, is
•
your earned income less than $53,057 ($59,187 if
married filing jointly)?
2 qualifying children who have valid SSNs, is your
•
earned income less than $49,399 ($55,529 if married
filing jointly)?
1 qualifying child who has a valid SSN, is your earned
•
income less than $43,492 ($49,622 if married filing
jointly)?
No qualifying children who have valid SSNs, is your
•
earned income less than $16,480 ($22,610 if married
filing jointly)?
Yes. Go to Step 6.
No.
You can't take the credit.
Step 6
How To Figure the Credit
1. Do you want the IRS to figure the credit for you?
Yes. See Credit figured
No. Go to Worksheet A.
by the IRS, later.
If you and your spouse both received Medicaid waiver
payments during the year, you and your spouse can make different
choices about including the full amount of your payments in earned
income. Enter only the amount of Medicaid waiver payments that you
or your spouse, if filing a joint return, do not want to include in earned
income. To include all nontaxable Medicaid waiver payment amounts in
earned income, enter -0-.
3.
Subtract line 2 from line 1 .............3.
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
Definitions and Special Rules
Adopted child. An adopted child is always treated as your own
child. An adopted child includes a child lawfully placed with
you for legal adoption.
Church employees. Determine how much of the amount on
Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 1a, was also reported on Schedule SE, Part I, line 5a. Subtract that amount from the amount on
Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 1a, and enter the result on line 1 of
the worksheet in Step 5 (instead of entering the actual amount
from Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 1a). Be sure to answer “Yes”
to question 2 in Step 5.
Clergy. The following instructions apply to ministers, members of religious orders who have not taken a vow of poverty,
and Christian Science practitioners. If you are filing Schedule SE and the amount on line 2 of that schedule includes an
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amount that was also reported on Form 1040 or 1040-SR,
CAUTION
!
line 1z, do the following.
1. Enter “Clergy” on the dotted line next to line 27.
2. Determine how much of the amount on Form 1040 or
1040-SR, line 1z, was also reported on Schedule SE, Part I,
line 2.
3. Subtract that amount from the amount on Form 1040 or
1040-SR, line 1z. Enter the result on line 1 of the worksheet in
Step 5 (instead of entering the actual amount from Form 1040
or 1040-SR, line 1z).
4. Be sure to answer “Yes” to question 2 in Step 5.
Combat pay, nontaxable. If you were a member of the U.S.
Armed Forces who served in a combat zone, certain pay is excluded from your income. See Combat Zone Exclusion in Pub.
3. You can elect to include this pay in your earned income when
figuring the EIC. The amount of your nontaxable combat pay
should be shown in box 12 of Form(s) W-2 with code Q. If you
are filing a joint return and both you and your spouse received
nontaxable combat pay, you can each make your own election.
In other words, if one of you makes the election, the other one
can also make it but doesn't have to.
If you elect to use your nontaxable combat pay in figuring your EIC, enter that amount on line 1i.
Credit figured by the IRS. To have the IRS figure your EIC:
1. Enter “EIC” on the dotted line next to line 27.
2. Be sure you enter the nontaxable combat pay you elect to
include in earned income by entering that amount on line 1i.
See Combat pay, nontaxable, earlier.
3. If you have a qualifying child, complete and attach
Schedule EIC. If your EIC for a year after 1996 was reduced or
disallowed, see Form 8862, who must file, later.
Exception to time lived with you. Temporary absences by you
or the child for special circumstances, such as school, vacation,
business, medical care, military service, or detention in a juvenile facility, count as time the child lived with you. Also see
Kidnapped child under Who Qualifies as Your Dependent, earlier, and Members of the military, later. A child is considered to
have lived with you for more than half of 2022 if the child was
born or died in 2022 and your home was this child's home for
more than half the time the child was alive in 2022 or if you
adopted the child in 2022, the child was lawfully placed with
you for legal adoption by you in 2022, or the child was an eligible foster child placed with you during 2022 and your main
home was the child's main home for more than half the time
since the child was adopted or placed with you in 2022.
Form 4797 filers. If the amount on Form 1040 or 1040-SR,
line 7, includes an amount from Form 4797, you must use
Worksheet 1 in Pub. 596 to see if you can take the EIC. Otherwise, stop; you can't take the EIC.
Form 8862, who must file. You must file Form 8862 if your
EIC for a year after 1996 was reduced or disallowed for any
reason other than a math or clerical error. But don’t file Form
8862 if either of the following applies.
You filed Form 8862 for another year, the EIC was al-
•
lowed for that year, and your EIC hasn't been reduced or disallowed again for any reason other than a math or clerical error.
You are taking the EIC without a qualifying child and the
•
only reason your EIC was reduced or disallowed in the other
year was because it was determined that a child listed on Schedule EIC wasn't your qualifying child.
Also, don’t file Form 8862 or take the credit for the:
2 years after the most recent tax year for which there was
•
a final determination that your EIC claim was due to reckless or
intentional disregard of the EIC rules, or
10 years after the most recent tax year for which there was
•
a final determination that your EIC claim was due to fraud.
Foster child. A foster child is any child placed with you by an
authorized placement agency or by judgment, decree, or other
order of any court of competent jurisdiction. For more details on
authorized placement agencies, see Pub. 596.
Married child. A child who was married at the end of 2022 is
a qualifying child only if (a) you can claim the child as your dependent, or (b) you could have claimed the child as your dependent except for the special rule for Children of divorced or separated parents under Who Qualifies as Your Dependent, earlier.
Members of the military. If you were on extended active duty
outside the United States, your main home is considered to be in
the United States during that duty period. Extended active duty
is military duty ordered for an indefinite period or for a period
of more than 90 days. Once you begin serving extended active
duty, you are considered to be on extended active duty even if
you don’t serve more than 90 days.
Nonresident aliens. If your filing status is married filing jointly, go to Step 2. Otherwise, stop; you can't take the EIC. Enter
“No” on the dotted line next to line 27.
Permanently and totally disabled. A person is permanently
and totally disabled if, at any time in 2022, the person couldn't
engage in any substantial gainful activity because of a physical
or mental condition and a doctor has determined that this condition (a) has lasted or can be expected to last continuously for at
least a year, or (b) can be expected to lead to death.
Qualifying child of more than one person. Even if a child
meets the conditions to be the qualifying child of more than one
person, only one person can claim the child as a qualifying child
for all of the following tax benefits, unless the special rule for
Children of divorced or separated parents under Who Qualifies
as Your Dependent, earlier, applies.
1. Child tax credit, credit for other dependents, and addi-
tional child tax credit (lines 19 and 28).
2. Head of household filing status.
3. Credit for child and dependent care expenses (Schedule
3, line 2).
4. Exclusion for dependent care benefits (Form 2441, Part
III).
5. Earned income credit (line 27).
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Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
No other person can take any of the five tax benefits just listed
TIP
based on the qualifying child. If you and any other person can
claim the child as a qualifying child, the following rules apply.
For purposes of these rules, the term “parent”means a biological
or adoptive parent of an individual. It doesn't include a stepparent or foster parent unless that person has adopted the individual.
If only one of the persons is the child's parent, the child is
•
treated as the qualifying child of the parent.
If the parents file a joint return together and can claim the
•
child as a qualifying child, the child is treated as the qualifying
child of the parents.
If the parents don’t file a joint return together but both pa-
•
rents claim the child as a qualifying child, the IRS will treat the
child as the qualifying child of the parent with whom the child
lived for the longer period of time in 2022. If the child lived
with each parent for the same amount of time, the IRS will treat
the child as the qualifying child of the parent who had the higher adjusted gross income (AGI) for 2022.
If no parent can claim the child as a qualifying child, the
•
child is treated as the qualifying child of the person who had the
highest AGI for 2022.
If a parent can claim the child as a qualifying child but no
•
parent does so claim the child, the child is treated as the qualifying child of the person who had the highest AGI for 2022, but
only if that person's AGI is higher than the highest AGI of any
parent of the child who can claim the child.
If, under these rules, you can't claim a child as a qualifying child for the EIC, you may be able to claim the
EIC under the rules for a taxpayer without a qualifying
child. For more information, see Pub. 596.
Example. Your child J, meets the conditions to be a qualifying child for both you and your parent. J doesn't meet the conditions to be a qualifying child of any other person, including J’s
other parent. Under the rules just described, you can claim J as a
qualifying child for all of the five tax benefits listed here for
which you otherwise qualify. Your parent can't claim any of the
five tax benefits listed here based on J. However, if your parent’s AGI is higher than yours and you don’t claim J as a qualifying child, J is the qualifying child of your parent.
For more details and examples, see Pub. 596.
Social security number (SSN). For the EIC, a valid SSN is a
number issued by the Social Security Administration unless
“Not Valid for Employment” is printed on the social security
card and the number was issued solely to allow the recipient of
the SSN to apply for or receive a federally funded benefit. However, if “Valid for Work Only With DHS Authorization” is printed on your social security card, your SSN is valid for EIC purposes only as long as the DHS authorization is still valid.
To find out how to get an SSN, see Social Security Number (SSN) near the beginning of these instructions. If you won't
have an SSN by the date your return is due, see What if You
Can't File on Time?
If you didn't have an SSN issued on or before the due date of
your 2022 return (including extensions), you can't claim the EIC
on your original or an amended 2022 return. If a child didn't
have an SSN issued on or before the due date of your return (including extensions), you can't count that child as a qualifying
child in figuring the amount of the EIC on your original or an
amended 2022 return.
Student. A student is a child who during any part of 5 calendar
months of 2022 was enrolled as a full-time student at a school
or took a full-time, on-farm training course given by a school or
a state, county, or local government agency. A school includes a
technical, trade, or mechanical school. It doesn't include an
on-the-job training course, correspondence school, or school offering courses only through the Internet.
Welfare benefits, effect of credit on. Any refund you receive
as a result of taking the EIC can't be counted as income when
determining if you or anyone else is eligible for benefits or assistance, or how much you or anyone else can receive, under
any federal program or under any state or local program financed in whole or in part with federal funds. These programs
include Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF),
Medicaid, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (formerly food stamps). In
addition, when determining eligibility, the refund can't be counted as a resource for at least 12 months after you receive it.
Check with your local benefit coordinator to find out if your refund will affect your benefits.
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
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AWorksheet—2022 EIC—Line 27
1040
1040-SR
or
Yes. Skip line 5; enter the amount from line 2 on line 6.
STOP
Keep for Your Records
Before you begin:
1.
3.
4.
5.
1
Enter your earned income from Step 5.
Enter the amount from Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 11.
Are the amounts on lines 3 and 1 the same?
No. Go to line 5.
If you have:
Yes. Leave line 5 blank; enter the amount from line 2 on line 6.
No. Look up the amount on line 3 in the EIC Table to nd the
credit. Be sure you use the correct column for your ling
status and the number of qualifying children you have who
have a valid SSN. Enter the credit here.
Enter this amount on
Form 1040 or 1040-SR,
line 27.
3
6
Part 3
Part 1
Part 2
All Filers Using
Worksheet A
Filers Who
Answered
“No” on
Line 4
Your Earned
Income Credit
2
● No qualifying children who have a valid SSN, is the amount on
line 3 less than $9,200 ($15,300 if married ling jointly)?
● 1 or more qualifying children who have a valid SSN, is the amount
on line 3 less than $20,150 ($26,300 if married ling jointly)?
Look at the amounts on lines 5 and 2.
Then, enter the smaller amount on line 6.
5
6. This is your earned income credit.
Reminder—
If you have a qualifying child, complete and attach Schedule EIC.
If your EIC for a year after 1996 was reduced or disallowed, see
Form 8862, who must le, earlier, to find out if you must file Form 8862 to
take the credit for 2022.
EIC
1040 or
1040-SR
CAUTION
Be sure you are using the correct worksheet. Use this worksheet only if you
answered “No” to Step 5, question 2. Otherwise, use Worksheet B.
2.
Look up the amount on line 1 above in the EIC Table (right after
Worksheet B) to nd the credit. Be sure you use the correct column
for your ling status and the number of qualifying children you have who
have a valid SSN as dened earlier. Enter the credit here.
If line 2 is zero, You can’t take the credit.
Enter “No” on the dotted line next to Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 27.
-43-
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
B
Worksheet—2022 EIC—Line 27
STOP
Keep for Your Records
Use this worksheet if you answered “Yes” to Step 5, question 2.
Complete the parts below (Parts 1 through 3) that apply to you. Then, continue to Part 4.
1a.
2.
3.
1a
Enter the amount from Schedule SE, Part I, line 3.
Subtract line 1d from line 1c.
Don’t include on these lines any statutory employee income, any net prot from services performed as a
notary public, any amount exempt from self-employment tax as the result of the ling and approval of Form
4029 or Form 4361, or any other amounts exempt from self-employment tax.
Yes. If you want the IRS to gure your credit, see Credit gured by the IRS, earlier. If you want to
gure the credit yourself, enter the amount from line 4b on line 6 of this worksheet.
Part 3
Part 1
Part 2
Self-Employed,
Members of the
Clergy, and
People With
Church Employee
Income Filing
Schedule SE
Self-Employed
NOT Required
To File
Schedule SE
Statutory Employees
Filing Schedule C
If you are married ling a joint return, include your spouse’s amounts, if any, with yours to gure the amounts to
enter in Parts 1 through 3.
1e
c.
d.
e.
1c
Enter any amount from Schedule SE, Part I, line 4b and line 5a.
1d
Combine lines 1a and 1b.
Enter the amount from Schedule SE, Part I, line 13.
=
=
For example, your
net earnings from
self-employment
were less than $400.
a.2aEnter any net farm prot or (loss) from Schedule F, line 34; and
b.2bEnter any net prot or (loss) from Schedule C, line 31; and Schedule
K-1 (Form 1065), box 14, code A (other than farming)*.
+
Combine lines 2a and 2b.2cc.=
Enter the amount from Schedule C, line 1, that you are ling as a
statutory employee.
3
Part 4
All Filers Using
Worksheet B
Note. If line 4b
includes income on
which you should
have paid selfemployment tax but
didn’t, we may
reduce your credit by
the amount of
self-employment tax
not paid.
4a. Enter your earned income from Step 5.
4b
b.
Combine lines 1e, 2c, 3, and 4a. This is your total earned income.
5. If you have:
No.You can’t take the credit. Enter “No” on the dotted line next to Form 1040 or
1040-SR, line 27.
* If you have any Schedule K-1 amounts, complete the appropriate line(s) of Schedule SE, Part I.
Reduce the Schedule K-1 amounts as described in the Partner’s Instructions for Schedule K-1. Enter
your name and social security number on Schedule SE and attach it to your return.
If line 4b is zero or less,You can’t take the credit. Enter “No” on the dotted line next to Form 1040
or 1040-SR, line 27.
4a
STOP
b.
1b
+
–
3 or more qualifying children who have valid SSNs, is line 4b less than $53,057 ($59,187 if married
ling jointly)?
●
2 qualifying children who have valid SSNs, is line 4b less than $49,399 ($55,529 if married ling jointly)?
●
1 qualifying child who has a valid SSN, is line 4b less than $43,492 ($49,622 if married ling jointly)?
●
No qualifying children who have valid SSNs, is line 4b less than $16,480 ($22,610 if married ling jointly)?
●
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
-44-
BWorksheet—2022 EIC—Line 27—Continued
Skip line 10; enter the amount from line 7 on line 11.Yes.
STOP
Keep for Your Records
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
6Enter your total earned income from Part 4, line 4b.
Look up the amount on line 6 above in the EIC Table to nd
the credit. Be sure you use the correct column for your ling status and
the number of qualifying children you have who have a valid SSN. Enter
the credit here.
Enter the amount from Form 1040 or 1040-SR,
line 11.
Are the amounts on lines 8 and 6 the same?
Go to line 10.No.
If you have:
Leave line 10 blank; enter the amount from line 7 on line 11.Yes.
No. Look up the amount on line 8 in the EIC Table to nd the
credit. Be sure you use the correct column for your ling status
and the number of qualifying children you have who have a valid
SSN. Enter the credit here.
8
11
Part 5
Part 7
All Filers Using
Worksheet B
Your Earned
Income Credit
7
If line 7 is zero,You can’t take the credit.
Enter “No” on the dotted line next to Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 27.
No qualifying children who have a valid SSN, is the amount on line 8
less than $9,200 ($15,300 if married ling jointly)?
1 or more qualifying children who have a valid SSN, is the amount on
line 8 less than $20,150 ($26,300 if married ling jointly)?
Look at the amounts on lines 10 and 7.
Then, enter the smaller amount on line 11.
10
This is your earned income credit.
Reminder—
If you have a qualifying child, complete and attach Schedule EIC.
If your EIC for a year after 1996 was reduced or disallowed, see
Form 8862, who must le, earlier, to find out if you must file Form
8862 to take the credit for 2022.
Part 6
Filers Who
Answered
“No” on
Line 9
CAUTION
11.
●
●
1040
1040-SR
or
Enter this amount on
Form 1040 or 1040-SR,
line 27.
EIC
1040 or
1040-SR
-45-
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
2022 Earned Income Credit (EIC) Table
At least
2
Your credit is—
1
And your filing status is—
0
If the amount you are
looking up from the
worksheet is—
Single, head of household, or
qualifying surviving spouse and
the number of children you have is—
2,400
2,450
2,450
2,500
3
1,091
1,114
But less
than
186825970
189842990
Caution. This is not a tax table.
1. To find your credit, read down
the “At least - But less than”
columns and find the line that
includes the amount you were told
to look up from your EIC
Worksheet.
If the amount you
are looking up from
the worksheet is–
Single, head of household,
or qualifying surviving
spouse★ and you have–
01230123
than
2. Then, go to the column that
includes your filing status and the
number of qualifying children you
have who have valid SSNs as
defined earlier. Enter the credit from
that column on your EIC Worksheet.
And your filing status is–
Married filing jointly and you
have–
Your credit is–Your credit is–
Example. If your filing status is
single, you have one qualifying
child who has a valid SSN, and the
amount you are looking up from
your EIC Worksheet is $2,455, you
would enter $842.
If the amount you
are looking up from
the worksheet is–
Single, head of household,
or qualifying surviving
spouse★ and you have–
01230123
than
Your credit is–Your credit is–
Married filing jointly and you
have–
★ Use this column if your filing status is married filing separately and you qualify to claim the EIC. See the instructions for line 27.
*
If the amount you are looking up from the worksheet is at least $16,450 but less than $16,480, and you have no qualifying children who have valid
SSNs, your credit is $1
If the amount you are looking up from the worksheet is $16,480 or more, and you have no qualifying children who have valid SSNs, you can’t take the
credit.
(Continued)
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
- 48 -
Earned Income Credit (EIC) Table - Continued(Caution. This is not a tax table.)
And your filing status is–
If the amount you
are looking up from
the worksheet is–
Single, head of household,
or qualifying surviving
spouse★ and you have–
01230123
than
Your credit is–Your credit is–
Married filing jointly and you
have–
★ Use this column if your filing status is married filing separately and you qualify to claim the EIC. See the instructions for line 27.
*
If the amount you are looking up from the worksheet is at least $22,600 but less than $22,610, and you have no qualifying children who have valid
SSNs, your credit is $0.
If the amount you are looking up from the worksheet is $22,610 or more, and you have no qualifying children who have valid SSNs, you can’t take the
credit.
(Continued)
- 49 -
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
Earned Income Credit (EIC) Table - Continued(Caution. This is not a tax table.)
And your filing status is–
If the amount you
are looking up from
the worksheet is–
Single, head of household,
or qualifying surviving
spouse★ and you have–
01230123
than
Your credit is–Your credit is–
Married filing jointly and you
have–
★ Use this column if your filing status is married filing separately and you qualify to claim the EIC. See the instructions for line 27.
*
If the amount you are looking up from the worksheet is at least $43,450 but less than $43,492, and you have one qualifying child who has a valid SSN,
your credit is $3.
If the amount you are looking up from the worksheet is $43,492 or more, and you have one qualifying child who has a valid SSN, you can’t take the
credit.
(Continued)
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
- 52 -
Earned Income Credit (EIC) Table - Continued(Caution. This is not a tax table.)
And your filing status is–
If the amount you
are looking up from
the worksheet is–
Single, head of household,
or qualifying surviving
spouse★ and you have–
01230123
than
Your credit is–Your credit is–
Married filing jointly and you
have–
★ Use this column if your filing status is married filing separately and you qualify to claim the EIC. See the instructions for line 27.
*
If the amount you are looking up from the worksheet is at least $49,350 but less than $49,399, and you have two qualifying children who have valid
SSNs, your credit is $5.
If the amount you are looking up from the worksheet is $49,399 or more, and you have two qualifying children who have valid SSNs, you can’t take
the credit.
(Continued)
- 53 -
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
Earned Income Credit (EIC) Table - Continued(Caution. This is not a tax table.)
And your filing status is–
If the amount you
are looking up from
the worksheet is–
Single, head of household,
or qualifying surviving
spouse★ and you have–
01230123
than
Your credit is–Your credit is–
Married filing jointly and you
have–
★ Use this column if your filing status is married filing separately and you qualify to claim the EIC. See the instructions for line 27.
*
If the amount you are looking up from the worksheet is at least $49,600 but less than $49,622, and you have one qualifying child who has a valid SSN,
your credit is $2.
If the amount you are looking up from the worksheet is $49,622 or more, and you have one qualifying child who has a valid SSN, you can’t take the
credit.
**
If the amount you are looking up from the worksheet is at least $53,050 but less than $53,057, and you have three qualifying children who have valid
SSNs, your credit is $1.
If the amount you are looking up from the worksheet is $53,057 or more, and you have three qualifying children who have valid SSNs, you can’t take
the credit.
(Continued)
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
- 54 -
Earned Income Credit (EIC) Table - Continued(Caution. This is not a tax table.)
And your filing status is–
If the amount you
are looking up from
the worksheet is–
Single, head of household,
or qualifying surviving
spouse★ and you have–
01230123
than
Your credit is–Your credit is–
Married filing jointly and you
have–
★ Use this column if your filing status is married filing separately and you qualify to claim the EIC. See the instructions for line 27.
*
If the amount you are looking up from the worksheet is at least $55,500 but less than $55,529, and you have two qualifying children who have valid
SSNs, your credit is $3.
If the amount you are looking up from the worksheet is $55,529 or more, and you have two qualifying children who have valid SSNs, you can’t take
the credit.
**
If the amount you are looking up from the worksheet is at least $59,150 but less than $59,187, and you have three qualifying children who have valid
SSNs, your credit is $4.
If the amount you are looking up from the worksheet is $59,187 or more, and you have three qualifying children who have valid SSNs, you can’t take
the credit.
- 55 -
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
Line 28
CAUTION
!
TIP
CAUTION
!
Additional Child Tax Credit
See Schedule 8812 (Form 1040) and its
instructions for information on figuring
and claiming any additional child tax
credit that you may qualify to claim. If
you are claiming the additional child tax
credit, complete Schedule 8812 and attach it to your Form 1040 or 1040-SR.
Form 8862, who must file. You must
file Form 8862 to claim the additional
child tax credit if your child tax credit
(refundable or nonrefundable depending
on the tax year), additional child tax
credit, or credit for other dependents for
a year after 2015 was denied or reduced
for any reason other than a math or clerical error. Attach a completed Form 8862
to your 2022 return to claim the credit
for 2022. Don't file Form 8862 if you
filed Form 8862 for 2021 and the child
tax credit (refundable or nonrefundable),
additional child tax credit, or credit for
other dependents was allowed for that
year. See Form 8862 and its instructions
for details.
If you take the additional child
tax credit even though you
aren't eligible and it is determined that your error is due to reckless
or intentional disregard of the additional child tax credit rules, you won't be allowed to take the child tax credit, the
credit for other dependents, or the additional child tax credit for 2 years even if
you’re otherwise eligible to do so. If you
take the additional child tax credit even
though you aren’t eligible and it is later
determined that you fraudulently took
the credit, you won't be allowed to take
the child tax credit, the credit for other
dependents, or the additional child tax
credit for 10 years. You may also have
to pay penalties.
Refunds for returns claiming
the additional child tax credit
can't be issued before mid-February 2023. This delay applies to the entire refund, not just the portion associated with the additional child tax credit.
Line 29
American Opportunity
Credit
If you meet the requirements to claim an
education credit (see the instructions for
Schedule 3, line 3), enter on line 29 the
amount, if any, from Form 8863, line 8.
You may be able to increase an education credit and reduce your total tax or
increase your tax refund if the student
chooses to include all or part of a Pell
grant or certain other scholarships or fellowships in income. See Pub. 970 and
the Instructions for Form 8863 for more
information.
Form 8862 required. You must file
Form 8862 if your American opportunity credit for a year after 2015 was denied or reduced for any reason other
than a math or clerical error. Attach a
completed Form 8862 to your 2022 return to claim the credit for 2022. Don't
file Form 8862 if you filed Form 8862
for 2021 and the American opportunity
credit was allowed for that year. See
Form 8862 and its instructions for details.
If you take the American opportunity credit even though
you aren't eligible and it is determined that your error is due to reckless or intentional disregard of the
American opportunity credit rules, you
won't be allowed to take the credit for 2
years even if you’re otherwise eligible to
do so. If you take the American opportunity credit even though you aren't eligible and it is determined that you fraudulently took the credit, you won't be allowed to take the credit for 10 years.
You may also have to pay penalties.
Line 30
Line 30 has been reserved for future use.
Refund
Line 34
Amount Overpaid
If line 34 is under $1, we will send a refund only on written request.
Refund Offset
If you owe past-due federal tax, state income tax, state unemployment compensation debts, child support, spousal support, or certain federal nontax debts,
such as student loans, all or part of the
overpayment on line 34 may be used
(offset) to pay the past-due amount. Offsets for federal taxes are made by the
IRS. All other offsets are made by the
Treasury Department's Bureau of the
Fiscal Service. For federal tax offsets,
you will receive a notice from the IRS.
For all other offsets, you will receive a
notice from the Fiscal Service. To find
out if you may have an offset or if you
have any questions about it, contact the
agency to which you owe the debt.
Deposit Refund into Multiple
Accounts
If you want your refund to be split and
direct deposited into more than one account, file Form 8888. Use Form 8888
to direct deposit your refund (or part of
it) to one or more accounts in your name
at a bank or other financial institution
(such as a mutual fund, brokerage firm,
or credit union) in the United States.
Injured Spouse
If you file a joint return and your spouse
hasn’t paid past-due federal tax, state income tax, state unemployment compensation debts, child support, spousal support, or a federal nontax debt, such as a
student loan, part or all of the overpayment on line 34 may be used (offset) to
pay the past-due amount. But your part
of the overpayment may be refunded to
you if certain conditions apply and you
complete Form 8379. For details see
Form 8379.
Lines 35a Through 35d
Amount Refunded to You
If you want to check the status of your
refund, just use the IRS2Go app or go to
IRS.gov/Refunds. See Refund Informa-
tion, later. Information about your re-
fund will generally be available within
24 hours after the IRS receives your
e-filed return, or 4 weeks after you mail
your paper return. If you filed Form
8379 with your return, wait 14 weeks
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
-56-
(11 weeks if you filed electronically).
Simple. Safe. Secure.
DIRECT
DEPOSIT
CAUTION
!
CAUTION
!
TIP
Have your 2022 tax return handy so you
can enter your social security number,
your filing status, and the exact whole
dollar amount of your refund.
Where's My Refund will provide a
personalized refund date as soon as the
IRS processes your tax return and approves your refund.
Effect of refund on benefits. Any refund you receive can't be counted as income when determining if you or anyone else is eligible for benefits or
assistance, or how much you or anyone
else can receive, under any federal program or under any state or local program
financed in whole or in part with federal
funds. These programs include Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
(TANF), Medicaid, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), and Supplemental
Nutrition Assistance Program (formerly
food stamps). In addition, when determining eligibility, the refund can't be
counted as a resource for at least 12
months after you receive it. Check with
your local benefit coordinator to find out
if your refund will affect your benefits.
Fast Refunds! Join the eight in 10 taxpayers
who choose direct deposit—a fast, simple, safe,
secure way to have your refund deposited
automatically to your checking or savings
account, including an individual retirement
arrangement (IRA). See the information about
IRAs, later.
If you want us to directly deposit the
amount shown on line 35a to your
checking or savings account, including
an IRA, at a bank or other financial institution (such as a mutual fund, brokerage firm, or credit union) in the United
States:
Complete lines 35b through 35d (if
•
you want your refund deposited to only
one account), or
Check the box on line 35a and at-
•
tach Form 8888 if you want to split the
direct deposit of your refund into more
than one account or use all or part of
your refund to buy paper series I savings
bonds.
If you don’t want your refund directly deposited to your account, don’t
check the box on line 35a. Draw a line
through the boxes on lines 35b and 35d.
We will send you a check instead.
Account must be in your name. Don’t
request a deposit of your refund to an
account that isn't in your name, such as
your tax return preparer’s account. Although you may owe your tax return
preparer a fee for preparing your return,
don’t have any part of your refund deposited into the preparer's account to pay
the fee.
The number of refunds that can be directly deposited to a single account or
prepaid debit card is limited to three a
year. After this limit is reached, paper
checks will be sent instead. Learn more
at IRS.gov/DepositLimit.
Why Use Direct Deposit?
You get your refund faster by di-
•
rect deposit than you do by check.
Payment is more secure. There is
•
no check that can get lost or stolen.
It is more convenient. You don’t
•
have to make a trip to the bank to deposit your check.
It saves tax dollars. It costs the
•
government less to refund by direct deposit.
It's proven itself. Nearly 98% of
•
social security and veterans' benefits are
sent electronically using direct deposit.
If you file a joint return and
check the box on line 35a and
attach Form 8888 or fill in
lines 35b through 35d, your spouse may
get at least part of the refund.
IRA. You can have your refund (or part
of it) directly deposited to a traditional
IRA, Roth IRA, or SEP-IRA, but not a
SIMPLE IRA. You must establish the
IRA at a bank or other financial institution before you request direct deposit.
Make sure your direct deposit will be
accepted. You must also notify the trustee or custodian of your account of the
year to which the deposit is to be applied
(unless the trustee or custodian won't accept a deposit for 2022). If you don’t,
the trustee or custodian can assume the
deposit is for the year during which you
are filing the return. For example, if you
file your 2022 return during 2023 and
don’t notify the trustee or custodian in
advance, the trustee or custodian can assume the deposit to your IRA is for
2023. If you designate your deposit to be
for 2022, you must verify that the deposit was actually made to the account by
the due date of the return (not counting
extensions). If the deposit isn't made by
that date, the deposit isn't an IRA contribution for 2022. In that case, you must
file an amended 2022 return and reduce
any IRA deduction and any retirement
savings contributions credit you claimed.
You and your spouse, if filing
jointly, each may be able to
contribute up to $6,000 ($7,000
if age 50 or older at the end of 2022) to
a traditional IRA or Roth IRA for 2022.
You may owe a penalty if your contributions exceed these limits, and the limits
may be lower depending on your compensation and income. For more information on IRA contributions, see Pub.
590-A.
For more information on IRAs, see
Pub. 590-A and Pub. 590-B.
TreasuryDirect®. You can request a
deposit of your refund (or part of it) to a
TreasuryDirect® online account to buy
U.S. Treasury marketable securities, if
available, and savings bonds. For more
information, go to treasurydirect.gov.
Form 8888. You can have your refund
directly deposited into more than one account or use it to buy up to $5,000 in paper series I savings bonds. You don’t
need a TreasuryDirect
this. For more information, see the Form
8888 instructions.
Your refund can be split and di-
rectly deposited into up to three
different accounts in your name
on Form 8888.
Line 35a
You can't file Form 8888 to split your
refund into more than one account or
buy paper series I savings bonds if Form
8379 is filed with your return.
Line 35b
The routing number must be nine digits.
The first two digits must be 01 through
12 or 21 through 32. On the sample
check shown later, the routing number is
250250025. C. and M. Keys would use
that routing number unless their finan-
®
account to do
-57-
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
cial institution instructed them to use a
CAUTION
!
CAUTION
!
TIP
Do not include
the check number.
1234
SAMPLE
C. KEYS
M. KEYS
123 Pear Lane
Anyplace, MI 00000
15-0000/0000
PAY TO THE
ORDER OF
$
DOLLARS
ANYPLACE BANK
Anyplace, MI 00000
For
|
:250250025|:202020"’86
"
.
1234
The routing and account numbers may be in different places on your check.
(line 35b)(line 35d)
Routing
number
Account
number
CAUTION
different routing number for direct deposits.
Ask your financial institution for the
correct routing number to enter on
line 35b if:
The routing number on a deposit
•
slip is different from the routing number
on your checks,
Your deposit is to a savings ac-
•
count that doesn't allow you to write
checks, or
Your checks state they are payable
•
through a financial institution different
from the one at which you have your
checking account.
Line 35c
Check the appropriate box for the type
of account. Don’t check more than one
box. If the deposit is to an account such
as an IRA, health savings account, brokerage account, or other similar account,
ask your financial institution whether
you should check the “Checking” or
“Savings” box. You must check the correct box to ensure your deposit is accepted. If your deposit is to a TreasuryDir-
®
ect
online account, check the “Savings”
box.
Line 35d
The account number can be up to 17
characters (both numbers and letters).
Include hyphens but omit spaces and
special symbols. Enter the number from
left to right and leave any unused boxes
blank. On the sample check shown later,
the account number is 20202086. Don’t
include the check number.
If the direct deposit to your account(s) is different from the amount
you expected, you will receive an explanation in the mail about 2 weeks after
your refund is deposited.
Reasons Your Direct Deposit
Request Will Be Rejected
If any of the following apply, your direct
deposit request will be rejected and a
check will be sent instead.
You are asking to have a joint re-
•
fund deposited to an individual account,
and your financial institution(s) won't allow this. The IRS isn't responsible if a
financial institution rejects a direct deposit.
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
Sample Check—Lines 35b Through 35d
The name on your account doesn't
•
match the name on the refund, and your
financial institution(s) won't allow a refund to be deposited unless the name on
the refund matches the name on the account.
Three direct deposits of tax re-
•
funds already have been made to the
same account or prepaid debit card.
You haven't given a valid account
•
number.
Any numbers or letters on lines
•
35b through 35d are crossed out or whited out.
The IRS isn't responsible for a
lost refund if you enter the
wrong account information.
Check with your financial institution to
get the correct routing and account
numbers and to make sure your direct
deposit will be accepted.
Line 36
Applied to Your 2023
Estimated Tax
Enter on line 36 the amount, if any, of
the overpayment on line 34 you want
applied to your 2023 estimated tax. We
will apply this amount to your account
unless you include a statement requesting us to apply it to your spouse's account. Include your spouse's social security number in the statement.
This election to apply part or
all of the amount overpaid to
your 2023 estimated tax can't
be changed later.
-58-
Amount You Owe
To avoid interest and penalties,
pay your taxes in full by the
due date of your return (not including extensions)—April 18, 2023, for
most taxpayers. You don’t have to pay if
line 37 is under $1.
Include any estimated tax penalty
from line 38 in the amount you enter on
line 37. Don’t include any estimated
payments for 2023 in this payment. Instead, make the estimated payment separately.
Bad check or payment. The penalty
for writing a bad check to the IRS is $25
or 2% of the check, whichever is more.
However, if the amount of the check is
less than $25, the penalty equals the
amount of the check. This also applies to
other forms of payment if the IRS
doesn’t receive the funds. Use Tax Topic
206.
Line 37
Amount You Owe
The IRS offers several payment options.
You can pay online, by phone, mobile
device, cash (maximum $1,000 per day
and per transaction), check, or money
order. Go to IRS.gov/Payments for payment options.
Pay Online
Paying online is convenient and secure
and helps make sure we get your pay-
ments on time. To pay your taxes online
or for more information, go to IRS.gov/
Payments. You can pay using any of the
following methods.
Your Online Account. You can
•
now make tax payments through your
online account, including balance payments, estimated tax payments, or other
types. You can also see your payment
history and other tax records there. Go
to IRS.gov/Account.
IRS Direct Pay. For online trans-
•
fers directly from your checking or savings account at no cost to you, go to
IRS.gov/Payments.
Pay by Card. To pay by debit or
•
credit card, go to IRS.gov/Payments. A
convenience fee is charged by these
service providers.
Electronic Funds Withdrawal
•
(EFW) is an integrated e-file/e-pay option offered when filing your federal
taxes electronically using tax return
preparation software, through a tax professional, or the IRS at IRS.gov/
Payments.
Online Payment Agreement. If
•
you can’t pay in full by the due date of
your tax return, you can apply for an online monthly installment agreement at
IRS.gov/Payments. Once you complete
the online process, you will receive immediate notification of whether your
agreement has been approved. A user
fee is charged.
Pay by Phone
Paying by phone is another safe and secure method of paying electronically.
Use one of the following methods: (1)
call one of the debit or credit card service providers, or (2) use the Electronic
Federal Tax Payment System (EFTPS).
Debit or credit card. Call one of our
service providers. Each charges a fee
that varies by provider, card type, and
payment amount.
Link2Gov Corporation
888-PAY-1040
(888-729-1040)
www.PAY1040.com
WorldPay US, Inc.
844-729-8298
(844-PAY-TAX-8TM)
www.payUSAtax.com
TM
ACI Payments, Inc.
888-UPAY-TAX
(888-872-9829)
fed.acipayonline.com
EFTPS. To get more information about
EFTPS or to enroll in EFTPS, visit
EFTPS.gov or call 800-555-4477. To
contact EFTPS using Telecommunications Relay Services (TRS) for people
who are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a
speech disability, dial 711 and then provide the TRS assistant the 800-555-4477
number or 800-733-4829. Additional information about EFTPS is also available
in Pub. 966.
Pay by Mobile Device
To pay through your mobile device,
download the IRS2Go app.
Pay by Cash
Cash is an in-person payment option for
individuals provided through retail partners with a maximum of $1,000 per day
per transaction. To make a cash payment, you must first be registered online
at fed.acipayonline.com. Do not send
cash payments through the mail.
Pay by Check or Money Order
Before submitting a payment through
the mail, please consider alternative
methods. One of our safe, quick, and
easy electronic payment options might
be right for you. If you choose to mail a
tax payment, make your check or money
order payable to “United States Treasury” for the full amount due. Don’t send
cash. Don’t attach the payment to your
return. Write “2022 Form 1040” or
“2022 Form 1040-SR” and your name,
address, daytime phone number, and social security number (SSN) on your payment and attach Form 1040-V. For the
most up-to-date information on Form
1040-V, go to IRS.gov/Form1040V. If
you are filing a joint return, enter the
SSN shown first on your tax return.
To help us process your payment, enter the amount on the right side of the
check like this: $ XXX.XX. Don’t use
dashes or lines (for example, don’t enter
“$ XXX–” or “$ XXXxx/100”).
Mail your 2022 tax return, payment,
and Form 1040-V to the address shown
on the form that applies to you.
TM
Notice to taxpayers presenting
checks. When you provide a check as
payment, you authorize us either to use
information from your check to make a
one-time electronic fund transfer from
your account or to process the payment
as a check transaction. When we use information from your check to make an
electronic fund transfer, funds may be
withdrawn from your account as soon as
the same day we receive your payment,
and you will not receive your check
back from your financial institution.
No checks of $100 million or more
accepted. The IRS can’t accept a single
check (including a cashier’s check) for
amounts of $100,000,000 ($100 million)
or more. If you are sending $100 million
or more by check, you’ll need to spread
the payment over 2 or more checks with
each check made out for an amount less
than $100 million. This limit doesn’t apply to other methods of payment (such
as electronic payments). Please consider
a method of payment other than check if
the amount of the payment is over $100
million.
What if You Can't Pay?
If you can't pay the full amount shown
on line 37 when you file, you can ask
for:
An installment agreement, or
•
An extension of time to pay.
•
Installment agreement. Under an installment agreement, you can pay all or
part of the tax you owe in monthly installments. However, even if an installment agreement is granted, you will be
charged interest and may be charged a
late payment penalty on the tax not paid
by the due date of your return (not
counting extensions)—April 18, 2023,
for most people. You must also pay a
fee. To limit the interest and penalty
charges, pay as much of the tax as possible when you file. But before requesting
an installment agreement, you should
consider other less costly alternatives,
such as a bank loan or credit card payment.
To ask for an installment agreement,
you can apply online or use Form 9465.
To apply online, go to IRS.gov and click
on Apply for an Online Payment Plan.
Extension of time to pay. If paying the
tax when it is due would cause you an
-59-
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
undue hardship, you can ask for an ex-
TIP
tension of time to pay by filing Form
1127 by the due date of your return (not
counting extensions)—April 18, 2023,
for most people. An extension generally
won't be granted for more than 6
months. You will be charged interest on
the tax not paid by April 15, 2023. You
must pay the tax before the extension
runs out. Penalties and interest will be
imposed until taxes are paid in full. For
the most up-to-date information on
Form 1127, go to IRS.gov/Form1127.
Line 38
Estimated Tax Penalty
You may owe this penalty if:
Line 37 is at least $1,000 and it is
•
more than 10% of the tax shown on your
return, or
You didn't pay enough estimated
•
tax by any of the due dates. This is true
even if you are due a refund.
For most people, the “tax shown on
your return” is the amount on your 2022
Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 24, minus
the total of any amounts shown on lines
27, 28, and 29; Schedule 3, lines 9, 12,
13b, and 13h; and Forms 8828, 4137,
5329 (Parts III through IX only), and
8919. Also subtract from line 24 any:
Tax on an excess parachute pay-
•
ment,
Excise tax on insider stock com-
•
pensation of an expatriated corporation,
Uncollected social security and
•
Medicare or RRTA tax on tips or
group-term life insurance, and
Look-back interest due under sec-
•
tion 167(g) or 460(b).
When figuring the amount on line 24,
include household employment taxes
only if line 25d is more than zero or you
would owe the penalty even if you didn't
include those taxes.
Exception. You won't owe the penalty
if your 2021 tax return was for a tax
year of 12 full months and either of the
following applies.
1. You had no tax shown on your
2021 return and you were a U.S. citizen
or resident for all of 2021.
2. The total of lines 25d, 26, and
Schedule 3, line 11, on your 2022 return
is at least 100% of the tax shown on
your 2021 return (110% of that amount
if you aren't a farmer or fisherman, and
your adjusted gross income (AGI)
shown on your 2021 return was more
than $150,000 (more than $75,000 if
married filing separately for 2022)).
Your estimated tax payments for 2022
must have been made on time and for
the required amount.
For most people, the “tax shown on
your 2021 return” is the amount on your
2021 Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 24,
minus the total of any amounts shown
on lines 27a, 28, 29, and 30; Schedule 3,
lines 9, 12, 13b, 13g, and 13h; and
Forms 8828, 4137, 5329 (Parts III
through IX only), 8885, and 8919. Also
subtract from line 24 any:
Tax on an excess parachute pay-
•
ment,
Excise tax on insider stock com-
•
pensation of an expatriated corporation,
Uncollected social security and
•
Medicare or RRTA tax on tips or
group-term life insurance, and
Look-back interest due under sec-
•
tion 167(g) or 460(b).
When figuring the amount on line 24,
include household employment taxes
only if line 25d is more than zero or you
would have owed the estimated tax penalty for 2021 even if you didn't include
those taxes.
If the Exception just described
doesn't apply, see the Instructions for
Form 2210 for other situations in which
you may be able to lower your penalty
by filing Form 2210.
Figuring the Penalty
If you choose to figure the penalty yourself, use Form 2210 (or 2210-F for farmers and fishermen).
Enter any penalty on line 38. Add the
penalty to any tax due and enter the total
on line 37.
However, if you have an overpayment on line 34, subtract the penalty
from the amount you would otherwise
enter on line 35a or line 36. Lines 35a,
36, and 38 must equal line 34.
If the penalty is more than the overpayment on line 34, enter -0- on lines
35a and 36. Then, subtract line 34 from
line 38 and enter the result on line 37.
Don’t file Form 2210 with your return unless Form 2210 indicates that you
must do so. Instead, keep it for your records.
Because Form 2210 is complicated, you can leave line 38
blank and the IRS will figure
the penalty and send you a bill. We
won't charge you interest on the penalty
if you pay by the date specified on the
bill. If your income varied during the
year, the annualized income installment
method may reduce the amount of your
penalty. But you must file Form 2210
because the IRS can't figure your penalty under this method.
Third Party Designee
If you want to allow your preparer, a
friend, a family member, or any other
person you choose to discuss your 2022
tax return with the IRS, check the “Yes”
box in the “Third Party Designee” area
of your return. Also enter the designee's
name, phone number, and any five digits
the designee chooses as their personal
identification number (PIN).
If you check the “Yes” box, you, and
your spouse if filing a joint return, are
authorizing the IRS to call the designee
to answer any questions that may arise
during the processing of your return.
You are also authorizing the designee to:
Give the IRS any information that
•
is missing from your return;
Call the IRS for information about
•
the processing of your return or the status of your refund or payment(s);
Receive copies of notices or tran-
•
scripts related to your return, upon request; and
Respond to certain IRS notices
•
about math errors, offsets, and return
preparation.
You aren't authorizing the designee
to receive any refund check, bind you to
anything (including any additional tax
liability), or otherwise represent you before the IRS. If you want to expand the
designee's authorization, see Pub. 947.
This authorization will automatically
end no later than the due date (not
counting extensions) for filing your
2023 tax return. This is April 15, 2024,
for most people.
Sign Your Return
Form 1040 or 1040-SR isn't considered
a valid return unless you sign it in ac-
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
-60-
cordance with the requirements in these
CAUTION
!
TIP
CAUTION
!
instructions. If you are filing a joint return, your spouse must also sign. If your
spouse can't sign the return, see Pub.
501. Be sure to date your return and enter your occupation(s). If you have
someone prepare your return, you are
still responsible for the correctness of
the return. If your return is signed by a
representative for you, you must have a
power of attorney attached that specifically authorizes the representative to
sign your return. To do this, you can use
Form 2848. If you are filing a joint return with your spouse who died in 2022,
see Death of a Taxpayer, later.
Court-Appointed
Conservator, Guardian, or
Other Fiduciary
If you are a court-appointed conservator,
guardian, or other fiduciary for a mentally or physically incompetent individual who has to file Form 1040 or
1040-SR, sign your name for the individual and file Form 56.
Child's Return
If your child can't sign their return, either parent can sign the child's name in
the space provided. Then, enter “By
(your signature), parent for minor
child.”
Requirements for a Paper
Return
You must handwrite your signature on
your return if you file it on paper. Digital, electronic, or typed-font signatures
are not valid signatures for Forms 1040
or 1040-SR filed on paper.
Requirements for an
Electronic Return
To file your return electronically, you
must sign the return electronically using
a personal identification number (PIN)
and provide the information described
below. If you are filing online using
software, you must use a Self-Select
PIN. If you are filing electronically using a tax practitioner, you can use a
Self-Select PIN or a Practitioner PIN.
For 2022, if we issued you an identity
protection personal identification number (IP PIN) (as described in more detail
below), all six digits of your IP PIN
must appear in the IP PIN spaces provi-
ded next to the space for your occupation for your electronic signature to be
complete. Failure to include an issued IP
PIN on the electronic return will result
in an invalid signature and a rejected return. If you are filing a joint return and
both taxpayers were issued an IP PIN,
enter both IP PINs in the spaces provided.
Self-Select PIN. The Self-Select PIN
method allows you to create your own
PIN. If you are married filing jointly,
you and your spouse will each need to
create a PIN and enter these PINs as
your electronic signatures.
A PIN is any combination of five digits you choose except five zeros. If you
use a PIN, there is nothing to sign and
nothing to mail—not even your Forms
W-2.
Your electronic return is considered a
validly signed return only when it includes your PIN, last name, date of
birth, IP PIN, if applicable, and your adjusted gross income (AGI) from your
originally filed 2021 federal income tax
return, if applicable. If you're filing
jointly, your electronic return must also
include your spouse's PIN, last name,
date of birth, IP PIN, if applicable, and
AGI, if applicable, in order to be considered validly signed. Don’t use your AGI
from an amended return (Form 1040-X)
or a math error correction made by the
IRS. AGI is the amount shown on your
2021 Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 11. If
you don’t have your 2021 income tax return, call the IRS at 800-908-9946 to get
a free transcript of your return or visit
IRS.gov/Transcript. (If you filed elec-
tronically last year, you, and your
spouse if filing jointly, may use your
prior year PIN to verify your identity instead of your prior year AGI. The prior
year PIN is the five-digit PIN you used
to electronically sign your 2021 return.)
You can't use the Self-Select
PIN method if you are a
first-time filer under age 16 at
the end of 2022.
Practitioner PIN. The Practitioner PIN
method allows you to authorize your tax
practitioner to enter or generate your
PIN. Your electronic return is considered a validly signed return only when it
includes your PIN, last name, date of
birth, and IP PIN, if applicable. If you're
filing jointly, your electronic return must
also include your spouse's PIN, last
name, date of birth, and IP PIN, if applicable in order to be considered validly
signed. The practitioner can provide you
with details.
Form 8453. You must send in a paper
Form 8453 if you have to attach certain
forms or other documents that can't be
electronically filed. See Form 8453.
Identity Protection
PIN
All taxpayers are now eligible
for an Identity Protection Per-
sonal Identification Number
(IP PIN). For more information, see
Pub. 5477. To apply for an IP PIN, go to
IRS.gov/IPPIN and use the Get an IP
PIN tool.
For 2022, if you received an IP PIN
from the IRS, enter it in the IP PIN
spaces provided next to the space for
your occupation. You must correctly enter all six numbers of your IP PIN. If
you didn't receive an IP PIN, leave these
spaces blank.
New IP PINs are generated ev-
ery year. They will generally be
sent out by mid-January 2023.
Use this IP PIN on your 2022 return as
well as any prior-year returns you file in
2023.
If you are filing a joint return and
both taxpayers receive an IP PIN, enter
both IP PINs in the spaces provided.
If you need more information, go to
IRS.gov/IPPIN. If you received an IP
PIN but misplaced it, call 800-908-4490.
Phone Number and Email
Address
You have the option of entering your
phone number and email address in the
spaces provided. There will be no effect
on the processing of your return if you
choose not to enter this information.
Note that the IRS initiates most contacts
through regular mail delivered by the
United States Postal Service.
You can report a phone scam to the
Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration at IRS Impersonation Scam
-61-
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
Reporting or the FTC using the FTC
Complaint Assistant at FTC.gov. Add
“IRS Telephone Scam” in the notes.
You can report an unsolicited email
claiming to be from the IRS, or an
IRS-related component like the Electronic Federal Tax Payment System, to
the IRS at phishing@irs.gov.
For more information, go to IRS.gov/
Phishing and IRS.gov/newsroom/howto-know-its-really-the-irs-calling-orknocking-on-your-door.
Paid Preparer Must
Sign Your Return
Generally, anyone you pay to prepare
your return must sign it and include their
Preparer Tax Identification Number
(PTIN) in the space provided. The preparer must give you a copy of the return
for your records. Someone who prepares
your return but doesn't charge you
shouldn’t sign your return.
If your paid preparer is self-employed, then they should check the
“self-employed” checkbox.
Assemble Your
Return
Assemble any schedules and forms behind Form 1040 or 1040-SR in order of
the “Attachment Sequence No.” shown
in the upper-right corner of the schedule
or form. If you have supporting state-
ments, arrange them in the same order as
the schedules or forms they support and
attach them last. File your return, schedules, and other attachments on standard
size paper. Cutting the paper may cause
problems in processing your return.
Don’t attach correspondence or other
items unless required to do so. Attach
Forms W-2 and 2439 to Form 1040 or
1040-SR. If you received a Form W-2c
(a corrected Form W-2), attach your
original Forms W-2 and any Forms
W-2c. Attach Forms W-2G and 1099-R
to Form 1040 or 1040-SR if tax was
withheld.
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
-62-
2022
CAUTION
!
At
Least
But
Less
Than
Single Married
ling
jointly*
Married
ling
separately
Head
of a
household
Your tax is—
25,200
25,250
25,300
25,350
2,822
2,828
2,834
2,840
Sample Table
25,250
25,300
25,350
25,400
2,616
2,622
2,628
2,634
2,822
2,828
2,834
2,840
2,734
2,740
2,746
2,752
Tax Table
See the instructions for line 16 to see if you must use the
Tax Table below to figure your tax.
Example. A married couple are filing a joint return. Their taxable
income on Form 1040, line 15, is $25,300. First, they find the
$25,300-25,350 taxable income line. Next, they find the column for
married filing jointly and read down the column. The amount shown
where the taxable income line and filing status column meet is
$2,628. This is the tax amount they should enter in the entry space
on Form 1040, line 16.
* This column must also be used by a qualifying surviving spouse.
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
- 74 -
2022 Tax Computation Worksheet—Line 16
CAUTION
!
See the instructions for line 16 to see if you must use the worksheet below to figure your tax.
Note. If you are required to use this worksheet to figure the tax on an amount from another form or worksheet, such as the Qualified Dividends
and Capital Gain Tax Worksheet, the Schedule D Tax Worksheet, Schedule J, Form 8615, or the Foreign Earned Income Tax Worksheet, enter
the amount from that form or worksheet in column (a) of the row that applies to the amount you are looking up. Enter the result on the
appropriate line of the form or worksheet that you are completing.
Section A—Use if your filing status is Single. Complete the row below that applies to you.
Taxable income.
If line 15 is—
At least $100,000 but not over $170,050 $ × 24% (0.24) $ $ 6,164.50 $
Over $170,050 but not over $215,950 $ × 32% (0.32) $ $ 19,768.50 $
Over $215,950 but not over $539,900 $ × 35% (0.35) $ $ 26,247.00 $
Over $539,900 $ × 37% (0.37) $$ 37,045.00 $
Enter the amount from line 15
(a)
(b)
Multiplication amount
(c)
Multiply
(a) by (b)
(d)
Subtraction amount
Subtract (d) from (c). Enter
the result here and on the entry
Section B—Use if your filing status is Married filing jointly or Qualifying surviving spouse. Complete the row below
that applies to you.
Taxable income.
If line 15 is—
At least $100,000 but not over $178,150 $× 22% (0.22) $ $ 8,766.00 $
Over $178,150 but not over $340,100 $ × 24% (0.24) $ $ 12,329.00 $
Over $340,100 but not over $431,900 $ × 32% (0.32) $ $ 39,537.00 $
Over $431,900 but not over $647,850 $ × 35% (0.35) $ $ 52,494.00 $
Over $647,850 $× 37% (0.37) $$ 65,451.00 $
Enter the amount from line 15
(a)
(b)
Multiplication amount
(c)
Multiply
(a) by (b)
(d)
Subtraction amount
Subtract (d) from (c). Enter the
result here and on the entry
Tax.
space on line 16.
Tax.
space on line 16.
Section C—Use if your filing status is Married filing separately. Complete the row below that applies to you.
Taxable income.
If line 15 is—
At least $100,000 but not over $170,050 $ × 24% (0.24) $ $ 6,164.50 $
Over $170,050 but not over $215,950 $ × 32% (0.32) $ $ 19,768.50 $
Over $215,950 but not over $323,925 $ × 35% (0.35) $ $ 26,247.00 $
Over $323,925 $× 37% (0.37) $$ 32,725.50 $
Enter the amount from line 15
(a)
(b)
Multiplication amount
(c)
Multiply
(a) by (b)
(d)
Subtraction amount
Subtract (d) from (c). Enter
the result here and on the entry
Tax.
space on line 16.
Section D—Use if your filing status is Head of household. Complete the row below that applies to you.
Taxable income.
If line 15 is—
At least $100,000 but not over $170,050 $ × 24% (0.24) $ $ 7,664.00 $
Over $170,050 but not over $215,950 $ × 32% (0.32) $ $ 21,268.00 $
Over $215,950 but not over $539,900 $ × 35% (0.35) $ $ 27,746.50 $
Over $539,900 $ × 37% (0.37) $$ 38,544.50 $
Enter the amount from line 15
(a)
(b)
Multiplication amount
(c)
Multiply
(a) by (b)
(d)
Subtraction amount
Subtract (d) from (c). Enter
Tax.
the result here and on the
entry space on line 16.
-75-
Need more information or forms? Visit IRS.gov.
General
Information
The IRS Mission. Provide America's taxpayers top-quality service by helping them
understand and meet their tax responsibilities and enforce the law with integrity and
fairness to all.
Voter Registration
Do you need to check or update your
voter registration? Visit Vote.gov to confirm with your state election office.
How To Avoid Common
Mistakes
Mistakes can delay your refund or result
in notices being sent to you. One of the
best ways to file an accurate return is to
file electronically. Tax software does the
math for you and will help you avoid
mistakes. You may be eligible to use
free tax software that will take the
guesswork out of preparing your return.
Free File makes available free
brand-name software and free e-file.
Visit IRS.gov/FreeFile for details. Join
the eight in 10 taxpayers who get their
refunds faster by using direct deposit
and e-file.
File your return on a standard size
•
sheet of paper. Cutting the paper may
cause problems in processing your return.
Make sure you entered the correct
•
name and social security number (SSN)
for each dependent you claim in the De-pendents section. Check that each dependent's name and SSN agrees with the
dependent’s social security card. For
each child under age 17 who is a qualifying child for the child tax credit or
each dependent who qualifies you for
the credit for other dependents, make
sure you checked the appropriate box in
column (4) of the Dependents section.
Check your math, especially for
•
the child tax credit, earned income credit
(EIC), taxable social security benefits,
total income, itemized deductions or
standard deduction, taxable income, total tax, federal income tax withheld, and
refund or amount you owe.
Be sure you used the correct meth-
•
od to figure your tax. See the instructions for line 16.
Be sure to enter your SSN in the
•
space provided on page 1 of Form 1040
or 1040-SR. If you are married filing a
joint or separate return, also enter your
spouse's SSN. Be sure to enter your SSN
in the space next to your name. Check
that your name and SSN agree with your
social security card.
Make sure your name and address
•
are correct. Enter your (and your spouse's) name in the same order as shown
on your last return.
If you live in an apartment, be sure
•
to include your apartment number in
your address.
If you are taking the standard de-
•
duction, see the instructions for line 12
to be sure you entered the correct
amount.
If you received capital gain distri-
•
butions but weren't required to file
Schedule D, make sure you checked the
box on line 7.
If you are taking the EIC, be sure
•
you used the correct column of the EIC
Table for your filing status and the number of qualifying children you have who
have valid SSNs.
Remember to sign and date Form
•
1040 or 1040-SR and enter your occupation(s).
Attach your Form(s) W-2 and oth-
•
er required forms and schedules. Put all
forms and schedules in the proper order.
See Assemble Your Return, earlier.
If you owe tax and are paying by
•
check or money order, be sure to include
all the required information on your payment. See the instructions for line 37 for
details.
Make sure to check Where Do You
•
File? before mailing your return. Over
the next several years, the IRS will be
reducing the number of paper tax return
processing sites. Because of this, you
may need to mail your return to a different address than you have in the past.
Don’t file more than one original
•
return for the same year, even if you
haven't gotten your refund or haven't
heard from the IRS since you filed. Filing more than one original return for the
same year, or sending in more than one
copy of the same return (unless we ask
you to do so), could delay your refund.
Make sure that if you, your spouse
•
with whom you are filing a joint return,
or your dependent was enrolled in Marketplace coverage, and advance payments of the premium tax credit were
made for the coverage, that you attach
Form 8962. For tax years other than
2020, you may have to repay excess advance payments, even if someone else
enrolled you, your spouse, or your dependent in the Marketplace coverage.
Excess advance payments may also have
to be repaid if you enrolled someone in
Marketplace coverage, you don't claim
that individual as a dependent, and no
one else claims that individual as a dependent. See the instructions for Schedule 2, line 2, and the Instructions for
Form 8962. You or whoever enrolled
you should have received Form 1095-A
from the Marketplace with information
about who was covered and any advance
payments of the premium tax credit.
Innocent Spouse Relief
Generally, both you and your spouse are
each responsible for paying the full
amount of tax, interest, and penalties on
your joint return. However, you may
qualify for relief from liability for tax on
a joint return if (a) there is an understatement of tax because your spouse
omitted income or claimed false deductions or credits; (b) you are divorced,
separated, or no longer living with your
spouse; or (c) given all the facts and circumstances, it wouldn't be fair to hold
you liable for the tax. You may also
qualify for relief if you were a married
resident of a community property state
but didn't file a joint return and are now
liable for an unpaid or understated tax.
File Form 8857 to request relief. In
some cases, Form 8857 may need to be
filed within 2 years of the date on which
the IRS first attempted to collect the tax
from you. Don’t file Form 8857 with
your Form 1040 or 1040-SR. For more
information, see Pub. 971 and Form
8857, or you can call the Innocent
Spouse office toll free at 855-851-2009.
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Income Tax Withholding
TIP
TIP
TIP
and Estimated Tax
Payments for 2023
You can use the Tax
Withholding Estimator instead
of Pub. 505 or the worksheets
included with Form W-4 or W-4P to determine whether you need to have your
withholding increased or decreased.
In general, you don’t have to make
estimated tax payments if you expect
that your 2023 Form 1040 or 1040-SR
will show a tax refund or a tax balance
due of less than $1,000. If your total estimated tax for 2023 is $1,000 or more,
see Form 1040-ES and Pub. 505 for a
worksheet you can use to see if you have
to make estimated tax payments. For
more details, see Pub. 505.
Secure Your Tax
Records From Identity
Theft
All taxpayers can now apply
for an Identity Protection PIN
(IP PIN). Use the Get An IP
PIN tool on IRS.gov to request an IP
PIN, file Form 15227 if your income is
$73,000 ($146,000 if married filing
jointly) or less, or make an appointment
to visit a Taxpayer Assistance Center.
Identity theft occurs when someone
uses your personal information, such as
your name, social security number
(SSN), or other identifying information,
without your permission to commit
fraud or other crimes. An identity thief
may use your SSN to get a job or may
file a tax return using your SSN to receive a refund.
To reduce your risk:
Protect your SSN,
•
Ensure your employer is protecting
•
your SSN, and
Be careful when choosing a tax re-
•
turn preparer.
If your tax records are affected by
identity theft and you receive a notice
from the IRS, respond right away to the
name and phone number printed on the
IRS notice or letter. For more information, see Pub. 5027.
If your SSN has been lost or stolen or
you suspect you are a victim of tax-related identity theft, visit IRS.gov/
IdentityTheft to learn what steps you
should take.
Victims of identity theft who are experiencing economic harm or a systemic
problem, or are seeking help in resolving tax problems that haven't been resolved through normal channels, may be
eligible for Taxpayer Advocate Service
(TAS) assistance. You can reach TAS
by calling the National Taxpayer Advocate helpline at 877-777-4778. People
who are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a
speech disability and who have access to
TTY/TDD equipment can call
800-829-4059. Deaf or hard-of-hearing
individuals can also contact the IRS
through Telecommunications Relay
Services at FCC.gov/TRS.
Protect yourself from suspicious
emails or phishing schemes. Phishing
is the creation and use of email and websites designed to mimic legitimate business emails and websites. The most
common form is sending an email to a
user falsely claiming to be an established legitimate enterprise in an attempt to
scam the user into surrendering private
information that will be used for identity
theft.
The IRS doesn't initiate contact with
taxpayers via emails. Also, the IRS
doesn't request detailed personal information through email or ask taxpayers
for the PIN numbers, passwords, or similar secret access information for their
credit card, bank, or other financial accounts.
If you receive an unsolicited email
claiming to be from the IRS, forward the
message to phishing@irs.gov. You may
also report misuse of the IRS name,
logo, forms, or other IRS property to the
Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration toll free at 800-366-4484.
People who are deaf, hard of hearing, or
have a speech disability and who have
access to TTY/TDD equipment can call
800-877-8339. You can forward suspicious emails to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) at spam@uce.gov or report them at ftc.gov/complaint. You can
contact them at www.ftc.gov/idtheft or
877-IDTHEFT (877-438-4338). If you
have been the victim of identity theft,
see www.IdentityTheft.gov and Pub.
5027. People who are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability and who
have access to TTY/TDD equipment can
call 866-653-4261.
Visit IRS.gov and enter “identity
theft” in the search box to learn more
about identity theft and how to reduce
your risk.
How Do You Make a Gift
To Reduce Debt Held By
the Public?
If you wish to do so, make a check payable to “Bureau of the Fiscal Service.”
You can send it to: Bureau of the Fiscal
Service, Attn: Dept G, P.O. Box 2188,
Parkersburg, WV 26106-2188. Or you
can enclose the check with your income
tax return when you file. In the memo
section of the check, make a note that it
is a gift to reduce the debt held by the
public. Don’t add your gift to any tax
you may owe. See the instructions for
line 37 for details on how to pay any tax
you owe. For information on how to
make this type of gift online, go to
TreasuryDirect.gov/Help-Center/PublicDebt-FAQs/#DebtFinance and click on
“How do you make a contribution to reduce the debt?”
You may be able to deduct this
gift on your 2023 tax return.
How Long Should
Records Be Kept?
Keep a copy of your tax return, worksheets you used, and records of all items
appearing on it (such as Forms W-2 and
1099) until the statute of limitations runs
out for that return. Usually, this is 3
years from the date the return was due or
filed or 2 years from the date the tax was
paid, whichever is later. You should
keep some records longer. For example,
keep property records (including those
on your home) as long as they are needed to figure the basis of the original or
replacement property. For more details,
see chapter 1 of Pub. 17.
Amended Return
File Form 1040-X to change a return
you already filed. Generally, Form
1040-X must be filed within 3 years af-
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ter the date the original return was filed
or within 2 years after the date the tax
was paid, whichever is later. But you
may have more time to file Form
1040-X if you live in a federally declared disaster area or you are physically
or mentally unable to manage your financial affairs. See Pub. 556 for details.
Use the Where's My Amended Return
application on IRS.gov to track the status of your amended return. It can take
up to 3 weeks from the date you mailed
it to show up in our system.
Need a Copy of Your
Tax Return Information?
Tax return transcripts are free and are
generally used to validate income and
tax filing status for mortgage applications, student and small business loan
applications, and during tax return preparation. To get a free transcript:
Visit IRS.gov/Transcript,
•
Use Form 4506-T or 4506T-EZ, or
•
Call us at 800-908-9946.
•
If you need a copy of your actual tax
return, use Form 4506. There is a fee for
each return requested. See Form 4506
for the current fee. If your main home,
principal place of business, or tax records are located in a federally declared
disaster area, this fee will be waived.
Death of a Taxpayer
If a taxpayer died before filing a return
for 2022, the taxpayer's spouse or personal representative may have to file and
sign a return for that taxpayer. A personal representative can be an executor, administrator, or anyone who is in charge
of the deceased taxpayer's property. If
the deceased taxpayer didn't have to file
a return but had tax withheld, a return
must be filed to get a refund. The person
who files the return must enter “Deceased,” the deceased taxpayer's name,
and the date of death across the top of
the return. If this information isn't provided, it may delay the processing of the
return.
If your spouse died in 2022 and you
didn't remarry in 2022, or if your spouse
died in 2023 before filing a return for
2022, you can file a joint return. A joint
return should show your spouse's 2022
income before death and your income
for all of 2022. Enter “Filing as surviving spouse” in the area where you sign
the return. If someone else is the personal representative, they must also sign.
All payers of income, including financial institutions, should be promptly
notified of the taxpayer's death. This
will ensure the proper reporting of income earned by the taxpayer's estate or
heirs. A deceased taxpayer's social security number shouldn't be used for tax
years after the year of death, except for
estate tax return purposes.
Claiming a Refund for a
Deceased Taxpayer
If you are filing a joint return with your
deceased spouse, you only need to file
the tax return to claim the refund. If you
are a court-appointed representative, file
the return and include a copy of the certificate that shows your appointment. All
other filers requesting the deceased taxpayer's refund must file the return and
attach Form 1310.
For more details, use Tax Topic 356
or see Pub. 559.
Past Due Returns
If you or someone you know needs to
file past due tax returns, use Tax Topic
153 or go to IRS.gov/Individuals for
help in filing those returns. Send the return to the address that applies to you in
the latest Form 1040 and 1040-SR instructions. For example, if you are filing
a 2019 return in 2023, use the address at
the end of these instructions. However,
if you got an IRS notice, mail the return
to the address in the notice.
How To Get Tax Help
If you have questions about a tax issue;
need help preparing your tax return; or
want to download free publications,
forms, or instructions, go to IRS.gov to
find resources that can help you right
away.
Preparing and filing your tax return.
After receiving all your wage and earnings statements (Forms W-2, W-2G,
1099-R, 1099-MISC, 1099-NEC, etc.);
unemployment compensation statements
(by mail or in a digital format) or other
government payment statements (Form
1099-G); and interest, dividend, and retirement statements from banks and in-
vestment firms (Form 1099), you have
several options to choose from to prepare and file your tax return. You can
prepare the return yourself, see if you
qualify for free tax preparation, or hire a
tax professional to prepare your return.
Free options for tax preparation. Go
to IRS.gov to see your options for preparing and filing your return online or in
your local community, if you qualify,
which include the following.
Free File. This program lets you
•
prepare and file your federal individual
income tax return for free using
brand-name-tax preparation-and-filing
software or Free File fillable forms.
However, state tax preparation may not
be available through Free File. Go to
IRS.gov/FreeFile to see if you qualify
for free online federal tax preparation,
e-filing, and direct deposit or payment
options.
VITA. The Volunteer Income Tax
•
Assistance (VITA) program offers free
tax help to people with low-to-moderate
incomes, persons with disabilities, and
limited-English-speaking taxpayers who
need help preparing their own tax returns. Go to IRS.gov/VITA, download
the free IRS2Go app, or call
800-906-9887 for information on free
tax return preparation.
TCE. The Tax Counseling for the
•
Elderly (TCE) program offers free tax
help for all taxpayers, particularly those
who are 60 years of age and older. TCE
volunteers specialize in answering questions about pensions and retirement-related issues unique to seniors. Go to
IRS.gov/TCE, download the free
IRS2Go app, or call 888-227-7669 for
information on free tax return preparation.
MilTax. Members of the U.S.
•
Armed Forces and qualified veterans
may use MilTax, a free tax service offered by the Department of Defense
through Military OneSource. For more
information, go to MilitaryOneSource
(MilitaryOneSource.mil/MilTax).
Also, the IRS offers Free Fillable
Forms, which can be completed online
and then filed electronically regardless
of income.
Using online tools to help prepare
your return. Go to IRS.gov/Tools for
the following.
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The Earned Income Tax Credit
•
Assistant (IRS.gov/EITCAssistant) deter-
mines if you’re eligible for the EIC.
The Online EIN Application
•
(IRS.gov/EIN) helps you get an employer identification number (EIN) at no
cost.
The Tax Withholding Estimator
•
(IRS.gov/W4App) makes it easier for you
to estimate the federal income tax you
want your employer to withhold from
your paycheck. This is tax withholding.
See how your withholding affects your
refund, take-home pay, or tax due.
The First-Time Homebuyer Credit
•
Account Look-up (IRS.gov/HomeBuyer)
tool provides information on your repayments and account balance.
The Sales Tax Deduction
•
Calculator (IRS.gov/SalesTax) figures
the amount you can claim if you itemize
deductions on Schedule A (Form 1040).
Getting answers to your tax questions.
On IRS.gov, you can get up-to-date information on current events and changes
in tax law.
IRS.gov/Help: A variety of tools to
•
help you get answers to some of the
most common tax questions.
IRS.gov/ITA: The Interactive Tax
•
Assistant, a tool that will ask you questions and, based on your input, provide
answers on a number of tax law topics.
IRS.gov/Forms: Find forms, in-
•
structions, and publications. You will
find details on the most recent tax
changes and interactive links to help you
find answers to your questions.
You may also be able to access tax
•
law information in your electronic filing
software.
Need someone to prepare your tax return? There are various types of tax re-
turn preparers, including enrolled
agents, certified public accountants
(CPAs), accountants, any many others
who don’t have professional credentials.
If you choose to have someone prepare
your tax return, choose that preparer
wisely. A paid tax preparer is:
Primarily responsible for the over-
•
all substantive accuracy of your return,
Required to sign the return, and
•
Required to include their preparer
•
tax identification number (PTIN).
Although the tax preparer always
signs the return, you’re ultimately responsible for providing all the informa-
tion required for the preparer to accurately prepare your return. Anyone paid
to prepare tax returns for others should
have a thorough understanding of tax
matters. For more information on how to
choose a tax preparer, go to Tips for
Choosing a Tax Preparer on IRS.gov.
Coronavirus. Go to IRS.gov/
Coronavirus for links to information on
the impact of the coronavirus, as well as
tax relief available for individuals and
families, small businesses, and tax-exempt organizations.
Employers can register to use Business Services Online. The Social Se-
curity Administration (SSA) offers online services at SSA.gov/employer for
fast, free, and secure online W-2 filing
options to CPAs, accountants, enrolled
agents, and individuals who process
Form W-2, Wage and Tax Statement,
and Form W-2c, Corrected Wage and
Tax Statement.
IRS social media. Go to IRS.gov/
SocialMedia to see the various social
media tools the IRS uses to share the latest information on tax changes, scam
alerts, initiatives, products, and services.
At the IRS, privacy and security are our
highest priority. We use these tools to
share public information with you.
Don’t post your social security number
(SSN) or other confidential information
on social media sites. Always protect
your identity when using any social networking site.
The following IRS YouTube channels provide short, informative videos
on various tax-related topics in English,
Spanish, and ASL.
Youtube.com/irsvideos.
•
Youtube.com/irsvideosmultilingua.
•
Youtube.com/irsvideosASL.
•
Watching IRS videos. The IRS Video
portal (IRSvideos.gov) contains video
and audio presentations for individuals,
small businesses, and tax professionals.
Online tax information in other languages. You can find information on
IRS.gov/MyLanguage if English isn’t
your native language.
Free Over-the-Phone Interpreter
(OPI) Service. The IRS is committed to
serving our multilingual customers by
offering OPI services. The OPI Service
is a federally funded program and is
available at Taxpayer Assistance Cen-
ters (TACs), other IRS offices, and every VITA/TCE return site. The OPI
Service is accessible in more than 350
languages.
Accessibility Helpline available for
taxpayers with disabilities. Taxpayers
who need information about accessibility services can call 833-690-0598. The
Accessibility Helpline can answer questions related to current and future accessibility products and services available
in alternative media formats (for example, braille, large print, audio, etc.). The
Accessibility Helpline does not have access to your IRS account. For help with
tax law, refunds, or account-related issues, go to IRS.gov/LetUsHelp.
Note. Form 9000, Alternative Media
Preference, or Form 9000(SP) allows
you to elect to receive certain types of
written correspondence in the following
formats.
Standard Print.
•
Large Print.
•
Braille.
•
Audio (MP3).
•
Plain Text File (TXT).
•
Braille Ready File (BRF).
•
Disasters. Go to Disaster Assistance
and Emergency Relief for Individuals
and Businesses to review the available
disaster tax relief.
Getting tax forms and publications.
Go to IRS.gov/Forms to view, download, or print all the forms, instructions,
and publications you may need. Or, you
can to go IRS.gov/OrderForms to place
an order.
Getting tax publications and instructions in eBook format. You can also
download and view popular tax publications and instructions (including the Instructions for Form 1040) on mobile devices as eBooks at IRS.gov/eBooks.
Note. IRS eBooks have been tested
using Apple’s iBooks for iPad. Our
eBooks haven’t been tested on other
dedicated eBook readers, and eBook
functionality may not operate as intended.
Access your online account (individual taxpayers only). Go to IRS.gov/
Account to securely access information
about your federal tax account.
View the amount you owe and a
•
breakdown by tax year.
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See payment plan details or apply
•
for a new payment plan.
Make a payment or view 5 years of
•
payment history and any pending or
scheduled payments.
Access your tax records, including
•
key data from your most recent tax return, and transcripts.
View digital copies of select noti-
•
ces from the IRS.
Approve or reject authorization re-
•
quests from tax professionals.
View your address on file or man-
•
age your communication preferences.
Tax Pro Account. This tool lets your
tax professional submit an authorization
request to access your individual taxpayer IRS online account. For more information, go to IRS.gov/TaxProAccount.
Using direct deposit. The fastest way
to receive a tax refund is to file electronically and choose direct deposit, which
securely and electronically transfers
your refund directly into your financial
account. Direct deposit also avoids the
possibility that your check could be lost,
stolen, destroyed, or returned undeliverable to the IRS. Eight in 10 taxpayers
use direct deposit to receive their refunds. If you don’t have a bank account,
go to IRS.gov.DirectDeposit for more
information on where to find a bank or
credit union that can open an account
online.
Getting a transcript of your return.
The quickest way to get a copy of your
tax transcript is to go to IRS.gov/
Transcripts. Click on either “Get Tran-
script Online” or “Get Transcript by
Mail” to order a free copy of your transcript. If you prefer, you can order your
transcript by calling 800-908-9946.
Reporting and resolving your tax-related identity theft issues.
Tax-related identity theft happens
•
when someone steals your personal information to commit tax fraud. Your
taxes can be affected if your SSN is used
to file a fraudulent return or to claim a
refund or credit.
The IRS doesn’t initiate contact
•
with taxpayers by email, text messages
(including shortened links), telephone
calls, or social media channels to request
or verify personal or financial information. This includes requests for personal
identification numbers (PINs), pass-
words, or similar information for credit
cards, banks, or other financial accounts.
Go to IRS.gov/IdentityTheft, the
•
IRS Identity Theft Central webpage, for
information on identity theft and data security protection for taxpayers, tax professionals, and businesses. If your SSN
has been lost or stolen or you suspect
you’re a victim of tax-related identity
theft, you can learn what steps you
should take.
Get an Identity Protection PIN (IP
•
PIN). IP PINs are six-digit numbers assigned to taxpayers to help prevent the
misuse of their SSNs on fraudulent federal income tax returns. When you have
an IP PIN, it prevents someone else
from filing a tax return with your SSN.
To learn more, go to IRS.gov/IPPIN.
Ways to check on the status of your
refund.
Go to IRS.gov/Refunds.
•
Download the official IRS2Go app
•
to your mobile device to check your refund status.
Call the automated refund hotline
•
at 800-829-1954. See Refund Informa-tion, later.
Making a tax payment. Go to IRS.gov/
Payments for information on how to
make a payment using any of the following options.
IRS Direct Pay: Pay your individu-
•
al tax bill or estimated tax payment directly from your checking or savings account at no cost to you.
Debit or Credit Card: Choose an
•
approved payment processor to pay online or by phone.
Electronic Funds Withdrawal:
•
Schedule a payment when filing your
federal taxes using tax return preparation software or through a tax professional.
Electronic Federal Tax Payment
•
System: Best option for businesses. En-
rollment is required.
Check or Money Order: Mail your
•
payment to the address listed on the notice or instructions.
Cash: You may be able to pay
•
your taxes with cash at a participating
retail store.
Same-Day Wire: You may be able
•
to do same-day wire from your financial
institution. Contact your financial institution for availability, cost, and time
frames.
Note. The IRS uses the latest encryption technology to ensure that the electronic payments you make online, by
phone, or from a mobile device using
the IRS2Go app are safe and secure.
Paying electronically is quick, easy, and
faster than mailing in a check or money
order.
What if I can’t pay now? Go to
IRS.gov/Payments for more information
about your options.
Apply for an online payment
•
agreement (IRS.gov/OPA) to meet your
tax obligation in monthly installments if
you can't pay your taxes in full today.
Once you complete the online process,
you will receive immediate notification
of whether your agreement has been approved.
Use the Offer in Compromise Pre-
•
Qualifier to see if you can settle your tax
debt for less than the full amount you
owe. For more information on the Offer
in Compromise program, go to IRS.gov/
OIC.
Filing an amended return. Go to
IRS.gov/Form1040X for information and
updates.
Checking the status of your amended
return. Go to IRS.gov/WMAR to track
the status of Form 1040-X amended returns. Note it can take up to 3 weeks
from the date you filed your amended
return for it to show up in our system,
and processing it can take up to 16
weeks.
Understanding an IRS notice or letter
you’ve received. Go to IRS.gov/Notices
to find additional information about responding to an IRS notice or letter.
Note. You can use Schedule LEP
(Form 1040), Request for Change in
Language Preference, to state a preference to receive notices, letters, or other
written communications from the IRS in
an alternative language. You may not
immediately receive written communications in the requested language. The
IRS’s commitment to LEP taxpayers is
part of a multi-year timeline that is
scheduled to begin providing translations in 2023. You will continue to receive communications, including notices
and letters in English, until they are
translated to your preferred language.
Contacting your local IRS office.
Keep in mind, many questions can be
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answered on IRS.gov without visiting an
IRS TAC. Go to IRS.gov/LetUsHelp for
the topics people ask about most. If you
still need help, IRS TACs provide tax
help when a tax issue can’t be handled
online or by phone. All TACs now provide service by appointment, so you’ll
know in advance that you can get the
service you need without long wait
times. Before you visit, go to IRS.gov/
TACLocator to find the nearest TAC and
to check hours, available services, and
appointment options. Or, on the IRS2Go
app, under the Stay Connected tab,
choose the Contact Us option and click
on “Local Offices.”
Interest and Penalties
You don’t have to figure the amount of
any interest or penalties you may owe.
We will send you a bill for any amount
due.
If you choose to include interest or
penalties (other than the estimated tax
penalty) with your payment, identify and
enter the amount in the bottom margin
of Form 1040 or 1040-SR, page 2. Don’t
include interest or penalties (other than
the estimated tax penalty) in the amount
you owe on line 37. For more information on the estimated tax penalty, see
Line 38, earlier.
Interest
We will charge you interest on taxes not
paid by their due date, even if an extension of time to file is granted. We will
also charge you interest on penalties imposed for failure to file, negligence,
fraud, substantial or gross valuation misstatements, substantial understatements
of tax, and reportable transaction understatements. Interest is charged on the
penalty from the due date of the return
(including extensions).
Penalties
Late filing. If you don’t file your return
by the due date (including extensions),
the penalty is usually 5% of the amount
due for each month or part of a month
your return is late, unless you have a
reasonable explanation. If you have a
reasonable explanation for filing late, include it with your return. The penalty
can be as much as 25% of the tax due.
The penalty is 15% per month, up to a
maximum of 75%, if the failure to file is
fraudulent. If your return is more than
60 days late, the minimum penalty will
be $450 or the amount of any tax you
owe, whichever is smaller.
Late payment of tax. If you pay your
taxes late, the penalty is usually 1/2 of
1% of the unpaid amount for each
month or part of a month the tax isn't
paid. The penalty can be as much as
25% of the unpaid amount. It applies to
any unpaid tax on the return. This penalty is in addition to interest charges on
late payments.
Frivolous return. In addition to any
other penalties, the law imposes a penalty of $5,000 for filing a frivolous return.
A frivolous return is one that doesn't
contain information needed to figure the
correct tax or shows a substantially incorrect tax because you take a frivolous
position or desire to delay or interfere
with the tax laws. This includes altering
or striking out the preprinted language
above the space where you sign. For a
list of positions identified as frivolous,
see Notice 2010-33, 2010-17 I.R.B. 609,
available at IRS.gov/irb/
2010-17_IRB#NOT-2010-33.
Other. Other penalties can be imposed
for, among other things, negligence,
substantial understatement of tax, reportable transaction understatements, filing an erroneous refund claim, and
fraud. Criminal penalties may be imposed for willful failure to file, tax evasion, making a false statement, or identity theft. See Pub. 17 for details on some
of these penalties.
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Refund Information
TIP
To check the status
of your refund, go
to IRS.gov/Refunds
or use the free IRS2Go app, 24 hours a
day, 7 days a week. Information about
your refund will generally be available
within 24 hours after the IRS receives
your e-filed return or 4 weeks after you
mail a paper return. But if you filed
Form 8379 with your return, allow 14
weeks (11 weeks if you filed electronically) before checking your refund status.
The IRS can’t issue refunds before
mid-February 2023 for returns that
claim the earned income credit or the
additional child tax credit. This delay
applies to the entire refund, not just the
portion associated with these credits.
To use Where's My Refund,
have a copy of your tax return
handy. You will need to enter
the following information from your return:
Your social security number (or in-
•
dividual taxpayer identification number),
Your filing status, and
•
The exact whole dollar amount of
•
your refund.
Where's My Refund will provide an
actual personalized refund date as soon
as the IRS processes your tax return and
approves your refund.
Updates to refund status are
made once a day—usually at
night.
If you don’t have Internet access, you can call
800-829-1954, 24 hours a day,
7 days a week, for automated refund information. Our phone and walk-in assistors can research the status of your refund only if it's been 21 days or more
since you filed electronically or more
than 6 weeks since you mailed your paper return.
Don’t send in a copy of your return
unless asked to do so.
To get a refund, you must generally
file your return within 3 years from the
date the return was due (including extensions).
Where's My Refund doesn't track refunds that are claimed on an amended
tax return.
Refund information is also available
in Spanish at IRS.gov/Spanish and
800-829-1954.
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Instructions for Schedule 1
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Additional Income and Adjustments to Income
General Instructions
Use Schedule 1 to report income or adjustments to income that can’t be entered directly on Form 1040, 1040-SR,
or 1040-NR.
Additional income is entered on
Schedule 1, Part I. The amount on
line 10 of Schedule 1 is entered on Form
1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 8.
Adjustments to income are entered on
Schedule 1, Part II. The amount on
line 26 is entered on Form 1040 or
1040-SR, line 10; or 1040-NR, line 10a.
Additional Income
Line 1
Taxable Refunds, Credits, or
Offsets of State and Local
Income Taxes
None of your refund is taxable
if, in the year you paid the tax,
you either (a) didn't itemize deductions, or (b) elected to deduct state
and local general sales taxes instead of
state and local income taxes.
If you received a refund, credit, or
offset of state or local income taxes in
2022, you may be required to report this
amount. If you didn't receive a Form
1099-G, check with the government
agency that made the payments to you.
Your 2022 Form 1099-G may have been
made available to you only in an electronic format, and you will need to get
instructions from the agency to retrieve
this document. Report any taxable refund you received even if you didn't receive Form 1099-G.
If you chose to apply part or all of the
refund to your 2022 estimated state or
local income tax, the amount applied is
treated as received in 2022. If the refund
was for a tax you paid in 2021 and you
deducted state and local income taxes on
your 2021 Schedule A, use the State and
Local Income Tax Refund Worksheet in
these instructions to see if any of your
refund is taxable.
Exception. See Itemized Deduction Re-
coveries in Pub. 525 instead of using the
State and Local Income Tax Refund
Worksheet in these instructions if any of
the following applies.
1. You received a refund in 2022
that is for a tax year other than 2021.
2. You received a refund other than
an income tax refund, such as a general
sales tax or real property tax refund, in
2022 of an amount deducted or credit
claimed in an earlier year.
3. You had taxable income on your
2021 Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 15,
but no tax on your Form 1040 or
1040-SR, line 16, because of the 0% tax
rate on net capital gain and qualified
dividends in certain situations.
4. Your 2021 state and local income
tax refund is more than your 2021 state
and local income tax deduction minus
the amount you could have deducted as
your 2021 state and local general sales
taxes.
5. You made your last payment of
2021 estimated state or local income tax
in 2022.
6. You owed alternative minimum
tax in 2021.
7. You couldn't use the full amount
of credits you were entitled to in 2021
because the total credits were more than
the amount shown on your 2021 Form
1040 or 1040-SR, line 16.
8. You could be claimed as a dependent by someone else in 2021.
9. You received a refund because of
a jointly filed state or local income tax
return, but you aren't filing a joint 2022
Form 1040 or 1040-SR with the same
person.
Lines 2a and 2b
Alimony Received
Line 2a
Enter amounts received as alimony or
separate maintenance pursuant to a divorce or separation agreement entered
into on or before December 31, 2018,
unless that agreement was changed after
December 31, 2018, to expressly provide that alimony received isn't included
in your income. Alimony received is not
included in your income if you entered
into a divorce or separation agreement
after December 31, 2018. If you are including alimony in your income, you
must let the person who made the payments know your social security number. If you don’t, you may have to pay a
penalty. For more details, see Pub. 504.
If you are including alimony payments from more than one divorce or
separation agreement in your income,
enter the total of all alimony received on
line 2a.
Line 2b
On line 2b, enter the month and year of
your original divorce or separation
agreement that relates to the alimony
payment, if any, reported on line 2a.
If you have alimony payments from
more than one divorce or separation
agreement, on line 2b enter the month
and year of the divorce or separation
agreement for which you received the
most income. Attach a statement listing
the month and year of the other agreements.
Line 3
Business Income or (Loss)
If you operated a business or practiced
your profession as a sole proprietor, report your income and expenses on
Schedule C.
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State and Local Income Tax Refund Worksheet—Schedule 1, Line 1
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Before you begin:
1.Enter the income tax refund from Form(s) 1099-G (or similar statement). But don’t enter more than the amount
of your state and local income taxes shown on your 2021 Schedule A, line 5d .......................... 1.
2.Is the amount of state and local income taxes (or general sales taxes), real estate taxes, and personal property
taxes paid in 2021 (generally, this is the amount reported on your 2021 Schedule A, line 5d), more than the
amount on your 2021 Schedule A, line 5e?
Enter the amount from line 1 on line 3 and go to line 4.
No.
Subtract the amount on your 2021 Schedule A, line 5e,
Yes.
from the amount of state and local income taxes (or
general sales taxes), real estate taxes, and personal
property taxes paid in 2021 (generally, this is the amount
reported on your 2021 Schedule A, line 5d).
3. Is the amount on line 1 more than the amount on line 2?
No.
Yes. Subtract line 2 from line 1.
4.Enter your total itemized deductions from your 2021 Schedule A, line 17.4.
Note. If the filing status on your 2021 Form 1040 or 1040-SR was married filing separately and
your spouse itemized deductions in 2021, skip lines 5 through 7, enter the amount from line 4
on line 8, and go to line 9.
5.Enter the amount shown below for the filing status claimed on your
2021 Form 1040 or 1040-SR.
Single or married filing separately—$12,550
•
Married filing jointly or qualifying surviving spouse—$25,100
•
Head of household—$18,8005.
•
6.Check any boxes that apply.*
Be sure you have read the Exception in the instructions for this line to see if you can use this worksheet instead of
Pub. 525 to figure if any of your refund is taxable.
2.
None of your refund is taxable.
3.
You were born before January 2, 1957. You are blind.
Spouse was born before January 2, 1957.Spouse is blind.
No boxes checked. Enter -0-.
Multiply the number of boxes checked by $1,350 ($1,700
if your 2021 filing status was single or head of household).6.
*If your filing status is married filing separately, you can check the boxes for your spouse only
if your spouse had no income, isn't filing a return, and can't be claimed as a dependent on
another person's return.
7.Add lines 5 and 6 ........................................................... 7.
8.Is the amount on line 7 less than the amount on line 4?
No.
None of your refund is taxable.
Yes. Subtract line 7 from line 4 ......................................................... 8.
9.Taxable part of your refund. Enter the smaller of line 3 or line 8 here and on Schedule 1, line 1 ...........9.
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Line 4
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Other Gains or (Losses)
If you sold or exchanged assets used in a
trade or business, see the Instructions for
Form 4797.
Line 7
Unemployment Compensation
You should receive a Form 1099-G
showing in box 1 the total unemployment compensation paid to you in 2022.
Report this amount on line 7.
If the amount reported in box 1
of your Form(s) 1099-G is in-
correct, report on line 7 only
the actual amount of unemployment
compensation paid to you in 2022.
If you made contributions to a governmental unemployment compensation
program or to a governmental paid family leave program and you aren't itemizing deductions, reduce the amount you
report on line 7 by those contributions.
If you are itemizing deductions, see the
instructions on Form 1099-G.
If you received an overpayment of
unemployment compensation in 2022
and you repaid any of it in 2022, subtract the amount you repaid from the total amount you received. Enter the result
on line 7. Also enter “Repaid” and the
amount you repaid on the dotted line
next to line 7. If, in 2022, you repaid
more than $3,000 of unemployment
compensation that you included in gross
income in an earlier year, see Repay-ments in Pub. 525 for details on how to
report the payment.
If you received unemployment
compensation in 2022, your
state may issue an electronic
Form 1099-G instead of it being mailed
to you. Check your state's unemployment
compensation website for more information.
have any business expenses. Also don’t
report on lines 8a through 8z any nonemployee compensation shown on Form
1099-MISC, 1099-NEC, or 1099-K (unless it isn't self-employment income,
such as income from a hobby or a
sporadic activity). Instead, see the In-structions for Recipient included on
Form 1099-MISC, 1099-NEC, or
1099-K to find out where to report that
income. For more information about
what is being reported on Form 1099-K,
see the Instructions for Payee included
on that form and visit IRS.gov/Gig.
Line 8a
Net operating loss (NOL) deduction.
Enter on line 8a any NOL deduction
from an earlier year. Enter the amount in
the preprinted parentheses (as a negative
number). The amount of your deduction
will be subtracted from the other
amounts of income listed on lines 8b
through 8z. See Pub. 536 for details.
Line 8b
Gambling. Enter on line 8b any gambling winnings. Gambling winnings include lotteries, raffles, a lump-sum payment from the sale of a right to receive
future lottery payments, etc. For details
on gambling losses, see the instructions
for Schedule A, line 16.
Attach Form(s) W-2G to Form
1040 or 1040-SR if any federal
income tax was withheld.
Line 8c
Cancellation of debt. Enter on line 8c
any canceled debt. Canceled debt may
be shown in box 2 of Form 1099-C.
However, part or all of your income
from cancellation of debt may be nontaxable. See Pub. 4681 or go to IRS.gov
and enter “canceled debt” or “foreclosure” in the search box.
number). The amount from Form 2555,
line 45, will be subtracted from the other
amounts of income listed on lines 8a
through 8c and lines 8e through 8z.
Complete the Foreign Earned Income
Tax Worksheet if you enter an amount
on Form 2555, line 45.
Line 8e
Income from Form 8853. Enter on
line 8e the total of the amounts from
Form 8853, lines 8, 12, and 26. See Pub.
969.
You may have to pay an additional tax if you received a tax-
able distribution from an Archer MSA or Medicare Advantage MSA.
See the Instructions for Form 8853.
Line 8f
Income from Form 8889. Enter on
line 8f the total of the amounts from
Form 8889, lines 16 and 20.
You may have to pay an addi-
tional tax if you received a tax-
able distribution from a health
savings account. See the Instructions for
Form 8889.
Line 8h
Jury duty pay. Also see the instructions for line 24a.
Line 8i
Prizes and awards. Enter prizes and
awards but see the instructions for
line 8m, Olympic and Paralympic med-als and USOC prize money, later.
Line 8j
Activity not engaged in for profit income. See Pub. 535.
Line 8k
Lines 8a Through 8z
Other Income
Do not report on lines 8a
through 8z any income from
self-employment or fees received as a notary public. Instead, you
must use Schedule C, even if you don’t
Line 8d
Foreign earned income exclusion and
housing exclusion from Form 2555.
Enter the amount of your foreign earned
income and housing exclusion from
Form 2555, line 45. Enter the amount in
the preprinted parentheses (as a negative
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Stock options. Enter on line 8k any income from the exercise of stock options
not otherwise reported on Form 1040 or
1040-SR, line 1h.
Line 8l
Income from the rental of personal
property if you engaged in the rental
for profit but were not in the business
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of renting such property. Also see the
instructions for line 24b, later.
Line 8m
Olympic and Paralympic medals and
USOC prize money. The value of
Olympic and Paralympic medals and the
amount of United States Olympic Committee (USOC) prize money you receive
on account of your participation in the
Olympic or Paralympic Games may be
nontaxable. These amounts should be reported to you in box 3 of Form
1099-MISC. To see if these amounts are
nontaxable, first figure your adjusted
gross income, including the amount of
your medals and prize money.
If your adjusted gross income is not
more than $1,000,000 ($500,000 if married filing separately), these amounts are
nontaxable and you should include the
amount in box 3 of Form 1099-MISC on
line 8m, then subtract it by including it
on line 24c.
Line 8n
Section 951(a) inclusion. Section 951
generally requires that a U.S. shareholder of a controlled foreign corporation include in income its pro rata share of the
corporation's subpart F income and its
amount determined under section 956.
Enter on line 8n from your Forms 5471
the sum of any amounts reported on
Schedule I, lines 1a through h and line 2.
Remember to attach copies of your
Forms 5471 to your return.
Line 8o
Section 951A(a) inclusion. Section
951A generally requires that a U.S.
shareholder of a controlled foreign corporation include in income its global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI). Enter on line 8o from your Forms 8992 the
sum of any amounts reported on Part II,
line 5. Remember to attach copies of
your Forms 8992.
If you made a section 962 election and have an income inclu-
sion under section 951 or
951A, do not report that income on
line 8n or 8o, as applicable. Instead, report the tax with respect to the section
962 election on Form 1040 or 1040-SR,
line 16, and attach a statement showing
how you figured the tax that includes the
gross amounts of section 951 and section 951A income.
Line 8p
461(l) excess business loss adjustment.
Enter the amount of your excess business loss from Form 461, line 16.
Line 8q
Taxable distributions from an ABLE
account. Distributions from this type of
account may be taxable if (a) they are
more than the designated beneficiary's
qualified disability expenses, and (b)
they were not included in a qualified
rollover. See Pub. 907 for more information.
You may have to pay an addi-
tional tax if you received a tax-
able distribution from an ABLE
account. See the Instructions for Form
5329.
Line 8r
Scholarship and fellowship grants not
reported on Form W-2. Enter the
amount of scholarship and fellowship
grants not reported on Form W-2. However, if you were a degree candidate, include on line 8r only the amounts you
used for expenses other than tuition and
course-related expenses. For example,
amounts used for room, board, and travel must be reported on line 8r.
Line 8s
Nontaxable amount of Medicaid waiver payments included on Form 1040,
line 1a or 1d. Certain Medicaid waiver
payments you received for caring for
someone living in your home with you
may be nontaxable. If nontaxable payments were reported to you in box 1 of
Form(s) W-2, report the amount on
Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 1a. If you
did not receive a Form W-2 for nontaxa-
ble payments, or you received nontaxable payments that you didn’t report on
line 1a, and choose to include nontaxable amounts in earned income for purposes of claiming a credit or other tax benefit, report the amount on Form 1040 or
1040-SR, line 1d. Then, on line 8s enter
the total amount of the nontaxable payments reported on Form 1040 or
1040-SR, line 1a or 1d, in the entry
space in the preprinted parentheses (as a
negative number). For more information
about these payments, see Pub. 525.
Line 8t
Pension or annuity from a nonqualified deferred compensation plan or a
nongovernmental section 457 plan.
Enter the amount that you received as a
pension or annuity from a nonqualified
deferred compensation plan or a nongovernmental 457 plan. This may be
shown in box 11 of Form W-2. If you
received such an amount but box 11 is
blank, contact your employer or the payer for the amount received.
Line 8u
Wages earned while incarcerated. Enter the amount that you received for
services performed while an inmate in a
penal institution. You may receive
Form(s) W-2 or Form(s) 1099.
Line 8z
Other income. Use line 8z to report
any taxable income not reported elsewhere on your return or other schedules.
List the type and amount of income. If
necessary, include a statement showing
the required information. For more details, see Miscellaneous Income in Pub.
525.
If you received a Form 1099-K
for a personal item that you
sold at a gain, don’t report this
amount on line 8z, instead report it as
you would report any other capital gain
on Form 8949 and Schedule D.
Examples of income to report on
line 8z include the following.
Reimbursements or other amounts
•
received for items deducted in an earlier
year, such as medical expenses, real estate taxes, general sales taxes, or home
mortgage interest. See Recoveries in
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Pub. 525 for details on how to figure the
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amount to report.
Reemployment trade adjustment
•
assistance (RTAA) payments. These
payments should be shown in box 5 of
Form 1099-G.
Loss on certain corrective distribu-
•
tions of excess deferrals. See Retirement Plan Contributions in Pub. 525.
Dividends on insurance policies if
•
they exceed the total of all net premiums
you paid for the contract.
Recapture of a charitable contribu-
•
tion deduction relating to the contribution of a fractional interest in tangible
personal property. See Fractional Inter-est in Tangible Personal Property in
Pub. 526. Interest and an additional 10%
tax apply to the amount of the recapture.
See the instructions for Schedule 2,
line 17g.
Recapture of a charitable contribu-
•
tion deduction if the charitable organization disposes of the donated property
within 3 years of the contribution. See
Recapture if no exempt use in Pub. 526.
Taxable part of disaster relief pay-
•
ments. See Pub. 525 to figure the taxable part, if any. If any of your disaster
relief payment is taxable, attach a statement showing the total payment received and how you figured the taxable
part.
Taxable distributions from a Cov-
•
erdell education savings account (ESA)
or a qualified tuition program (QTP).
Distributions from these accounts may
be taxable if (a) in the case of distributions from a QTP, they are more than
the qualified higher education expenses
of the designated beneficiary in 2022 or,
in the case of distributions from an ESA,
they are more than the qualified education expenses of the designated beneficiary in 2022; and (b) they were not included in a qualified rollover. Nontaxable distributions from these accounts
don’t have to be reported on Form 1040
or 1040-SR. This includes rollovers and
qualified higher education expenses refunded to a student from a QTP that
were recontributed to a QTP with the
same designated beneficiary generally
within 60 days after the date of refund.
See Pub. 970.
You may have to pay an additional tax if you received a tax-
able distribution from a Coverdell ESA or a QTP. See the Instructions
for Form 5329.
Nontaxable income. Don’t report any
nontaxable income on line 8z. Examples
of nontaxable income include the following.
Child support.
•
Payments you received to help you
•
pay your mortgage loan under the HFA
Hardest Hit Fund or the Homeowner Assistance Fund.
Any Pay-for-Performance Success
•
Payments that reduce the principal balance of your home mortgage under the
Home Affordable Modification Program.
Life insurance proceeds received
•
because of someone's death (other than
from certain employer-owned life insurance contracts).
Gifts and bequests. However, if
•
you received a gift or bequest from a
foreign person (including amounts from
foreign corporations and foreign partnerships that you treated as gifts) totaling
more than $17,339, you may have to report information about it on Form 3520,
Part IV. See the Instructions for Form
3520.
Form 1099-K loss reporting. If you
sold a personal item at a loss, either report the loss on Form 8949 or report it
on line 8z. If you report the loss on
line 8z, enter the amount of the sale proceeds from Form 1099-K on line 8z. In
the entry space next to line 8z write
“Form 1099-K Personal Item Sold at a
Loss” and also enter the amount of the
sale proceeds. For example, you bought
a couch for $1,000 and sold it through a
third-party vendor for $700, which was
reported on your Form 1099-K. In the
entry space next to line 8z you would
write “Form 1099-K Personal Item Sold
at a Loss - $700.” See the instructions
for line 24z.
If you sold more than one per-
sonal item at a loss or received
more than one Form 1099-K
for personal items you sold at a loss, in
the entry space next to line 8z write
“Form(s) 1099-K Personal Items Sold
at a Loss” and enter the total amount of
the sale proceeds on line 8z.
Incorrect Form 1099-K. If you received a Form 1099-K that shows payments you didn’t receive or is otherwise
incorrect and you can’t get it corrected,
enter the amount from Form 1099-K that
was incorrectly reported to you on
line 8z. In the entry space next to line 8z
write “Incorrect Form 1099-K” and also
enter the amount that was incorrectly reported to you. For example, if you received a Form 1099-K that incorrectly
showed $800 of payments to you, you
would enter $800 on line 8z and in the
entry space next to line 8z you would
write “Incorrect Form 1099-K - $800.”
See the instructions for line 24z.
Adjustments to
Income
Line 11
Educator Expenses
If you were an eligible educator in 2022,
you can deduct on line 11 up to $300 of
qualified expenses you paid in 2022. If
you and your spouse are filing jointly
and both of you were eligible educators,
the maximum deduction is $600. However, neither spouse can deduct more
than $300 of their qualified expenses on
line 11. An eligible educator is a kindergarten through grade 12 teacher, instructor, counselor, principal, or aide who
worked in a school for at least 900 hours
during a school year.
Qualified expenses include ordinary
and necessary expenses paid:
For professional development
•
courses you have taken related to the
curriculum you teach or to the students
you teach; or
In connection with books, sup-
•
plies, equipment (including computer
equipment, software, and services), and
other materials used in the classroom.
An ordinary expense is one that is
common and accepted in your educational field. A necessary expense is one
that is helpful and appropriate for your
profession as an educator. An expense
doesn’t have to be required to be considered necessary.
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Qualified expenses include
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amounts paid or incurred in
2022 for personal protective
equipment, disinfectant, and other supplies used for the prevention of the
spread of coronavirus.
Qualified expenses don’t include expenses for home schooling or for nonathletic supplies for courses in health or
physical education.
You must reduce your qualified expenses by the following amounts.
Excludable U.S. series EE and I
•
savings bond interest from Form 8815.
Nontaxable qualified tuition pro-
•
gram earnings or distributions.
Any nontaxable distribution of
•
Coverdell education savings account
earnings.
Any reimbursements you received
•
for these expenses that weren’t reported
to you in box 1 of your Form W-2.
For more details, use Tax Topic 458
or see Pub. 529.
Line 12
Certain Business Expenses of
Reservists, Performing Artists,
and Fee-Basis Government
Officials
Include the following deductions on
line 12.
Certain business expenses of Na-
•
tional Guard and reserve members who
traveled more than 100 miles from home
to perform services as a National Guard
or reserve member.
Performing-arts-related expenses
•
as a qualified performing artist.
Business expenses of fee-basis
•
state or local government officials.
For more details, see Form 2106.
Line 13
Health Savings Account (HSA)
Deduction
You may be able to take this deduction
if contributions (other than employer
contributions, rollovers, and qualified
HSA funding distributions from an IRA)
were made to your HSA for 2022. See
Form 8889.
Line 14
Moving Expenses
You can deduct moving expenses if you
are a member of the Armed Forces on
active duty and due to a military order
you move because of a permanent
change of station. Use Tax Topic 455 or
see Form 3903.
Line 15
Deductible Part of
Self-Employment Tax
If you were self-employed and owe
self-employment tax, fill in Schedule SE
to figure the amount of your deduction.
The deductible part of your self-employment tax is on line 13 of Schedule SE.
Line 16
Self-Employed SEP, SIMPLE, and
Qualified Plans
If you were self-employed or a partner,
you may be able to take this deduction.
See Pub. 560 or, if you were a minister,
Pub. 517.
Line 17
Self-Employed Health Insurance
Deduction
You may be able to deduct the amount
you paid for health insurance for yourself, your spouse, and your dependents.
The insurance can also cover your child
who was under age 27 at the end of
2022, even if the child wasn't your dependent. A child includes your son,
daughter, stepchild, adopted child, or
foster child (defined in Who Qualifies as Your Dependent in the Instructions for
Form 1040).
One of the following statements must
be true.
You were self-employed and had a
•
net profit for the year reported on
Schedule C or F.
You were a partner with net earn-
•
ings from self-employment.
You used one of the optional
•
methods to figure your net earnings
from self-employment on Schedule SE.
You received wages in 2022 from
•
an S corporation in which you were a
more-than-2% shareholder. Health insurance premiums paid or reimbursed by
the S corporation are shown as wages on
Form W-2.
The insurance plan must be established under your business. Your personal
services must have been a material income-producing factor in the business.
If you are filing Schedule C or F, the
policy can be either in your name or in
the name of the business.
If you are a partner, the policy can be
either in your name or in the name of the
partnership. You can either pay the premiums yourself or your partnership can
pay them and report them as guaranteed
payments. If the policy is in your name
and you pay the premiums yourself, the
partnership must reimburse you and report the premiums as guaranteed payments.
If you are a more-than-2% shareholder in an S corporation, the policy can be
either in your name or in the name of the
S corporation. You can either pay the
premiums yourself or the S corporation
can pay them and report them as wages.
If the policy is in your name and you
pay the premiums yourself, the S corporation must reimburse you. You can deduct the premiums only if the S corporation reports the premiums paid or reimbursed as wages in box 1 of your Form
W-2 in 2022 and you also report the premium payments or reimbursements as
wages on Form 1040 or 1040-SR,
line 1a.
But if you were also eligible to participate in any subsidized health plan
maintained by your or your spouse's employer for any month or part of a month
in 2022, amounts paid for health insurance coverage for that month can't be
used to figure the deduction. Also, if
you were eligible for any month or part
of a month to participate in any subsidized health plan maintained by the employer of either your dependent or your
child who was under age 27 at the end
of 2022, don’t use amounts paid for coverage for that month to figure the deduction.
A qualified small employer
health reimbursement arrange-
ment (QSEHRA) is considered
to be a subsidized health plan maintained by an employer.
Example. If you were eligible to par-
ticipate in a subsidized health plan main-
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Self-Employed Health Insurance Deduction Worksheet—Schedule 1, Line 17
Before you begin:
1. Enter the total amount paid in 2022 for health insurance coverage established under your business
(or the S corporation in which you were a more-than-2% shareholder) for 2022 for you, your
spouse, and your dependents. Your insurance can also cover your child who was under age 27 at
the end of 2022, even if the child wasn't your dependent. But don’t include amounts for any month
you were eligible to participate in an employer-sponsored health plan or amounts paid from
retirement plan distributions that were nontaxable because you are a retired public safety
2. Enter your net profit* and any other earned income** from the business under which the insurance
plan is established, minus any deductions on Schedule 1, lines 15 and 16. Don’t include
Conservation Reserve Program payments exempt from self-employment tax ................... 2.
3. Self-employed health insurance deduction. Enter the smaller of line 1 or line 2 here and on
Schedule 1, line 17. Don’t include this amount in figuring any medical expense deduction
on Schedule A ....................................................................... 3.
*If you used either optional method to figure your net earnings from self-employment, don’t enter your net profit. Instead, enter the amount
from Schedule SE, line 4b.
**Earned income includes net earnings and gains from the sale, transfer, or licensing of property you created. However, it doesn't include
capital gain income. If you were a more-than-2% shareholder in the S corporation under which the insurance plan is established, earned
income is your Medicare wages (box 5 of Form W-2) from that corporation.
tained by your spouse's employer from
September 30 through December 31,
you can't use amounts paid for health insurance coverage for September through
December to figure your deduction.
Medicare premiums you voluntarily
pay to obtain insurance in your name
that is similar to qualifying private
health insurance can be used to figure
the deduction. Amounts paid for health
insurance coverage from retirement plan
distributions that were nontaxable because you are a retired public safety officer can't be used to figure the deduction.
For more details, see Pub. 535.
If you qualify to take the deduction,
use the Self-Employed Health Insurance
Deduction Worksheet to figure the
amount you can deduct.
Exceptions. Use Pub. 535 instead of
the Self-Employed Health Insurance Deduction Worksheet in these instructions
to figure your deduction if any of the
following applies.
You had more than one source of
•
income subject to self-employment tax.
You file Form 2555.
•
You are using amounts paid for
•
qualified long-term care insurance to
figure the deduction.
Be sure you have read the Exceptions in the instructions for this line to see if you can use this worksheet instead of Pub. 535 to figure your deduction.
Use Pub. 974 instead of the worksheet in these instructions if the insurance plan was considered to be established under your business and was obtained through the Marketplace, and advance payments of the premium tax
credit were made or you are claiming
the premium tax credit.
Line 18
Penalty on Early Withdrawal of
Savings
The Form 1099-INT or Form 1099-OID
you received will show the amount of
any penalty you were charged.
Lines 19a, 19b, and 19c
Alimony Paid
Line 19a
If you made payments to or for your
spouse or former spouse under a divorce
or separation agreement entered into on
or before December 31, 2018, you may
be able to take this deduction. You can't
take a deduction for alimony payments
you made to or for your spouse if you
entered into your divorce or separation
agreement after December 31, 2018, or
if you entered into the agreement on or
before December 31, 2018, and the
agreement was changed after December
31, 2018, to expressly provide that alimony received is not included in your
former spouse's income. Use Tax Topic
452 or see Pub. 504.
Line 19c
On line 19c, enter the month and year of
your original divorce or separation
agreement that relates to this deduction
for alimony paid.
Line 20
IRA Deduction
If you made any nondeductible
contributions to a traditional
individual retirement arrangement (IRA) for 2022, you must report
them on Form 8606.
You no longer need to be
younger than age 701/2 to take
a deduction for your contributions to an IRA.
If you made contributions to a traditional IRA for 2022, you may be able to
take an IRA deduction. But you, or your
spouse if filing a joint return, must have
had earned income to do so. For IRA
purposes, earned income includes alimony and separate maintenance payments
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reported on Schedule 1, line 2a. If you
TIP
TIP
were a member of the U.S. Armed
Forces, earned income includes any nontaxable combat pay you received. If you
were self-employed, earned income is
generally your net earnings from
self-employment if your personal services were a material income-producing
factor. For more details, see Pub. 590-A.
A statement should be sent to you by
May 31, 2023, that shows all contributions to your traditional IRA for 2022.
Use the IRA Deduction Worksheet to
figure the amount, if any, of your IRA
deduction. But read the following list
before you fill in the worksheet.
1. You can't deduct contributions to
a Roth IRA. But you may be able to take
the retirement savings contributions
credit (saver's credit). See the instructions for Schedule 3, line 4.
2. If you are filing a joint return and
you or your spouse made contributions
to both a traditional IRA and a Roth IRA
for 2022, don’t use the IRA Deduction
Worksheet in these instructions. Instead,
see Pub. 590-A to figure the amount, if
any, of your IRA deduction.
3. You can’t deduct elective deferrals to a 401(k) plan, 403(b) plan, section 457 plan, SIMPLE plan, or the federal Thrift Savings Plan. These amounts
aren't included as income in box 1 of
your Form W-2.
4. If you made contributions to your
IRA in 2022 that you deducted for 2021,
don’t include them in the worksheet.
5. If you received income from a
nonqualified deferred compensation
plan or nongovernmental section 457
plan that is included in box 1 of your
Form W-2, or in box 1 of Form
1099-NEC, don’t include that income on
line 8 of the worksheet. The income
should be shown in (a) box 11 of your
Form W-2, (b) box 12 of your Form
W-2 with code Z, or (c) box 15 of Form
1099-MISC. If it isn't, contact your employer or the payer for the amount of the
income.
6. You must file a joint return to deduct contributions to your spouse's IRA.
Enter the total IRA deduction for you
and your spouse on line 20.
7. Don’t include rollover contributions in figuring your deduction. Instead,
see the instructions for Form 1040 or
1040-SR, lines 4a and 4b.
8. Don't include trustees' fees that
were billed separately and paid by you
for your IRA.
9. Don’t include any repayments of
qualified reservist distributions. You
can't deduct them. For information on
how to report these repayments, see
Qualified reservist repayments in Pub.
590-A.
10.
If the total of your IRA deduction
on line 20 plus any nondeductible contribution to your traditional IRAs shown
on Form 8606 is less than your total traditional IRA contributions for 2022, see
Pub. 590-A for special rules.
You must receive at least a
minimum amount from your
traditional IRA for each year
starting with the year you reach age 72.
If you don't receive that minimum distribution amount in the year you become
age 72, you must receive that distribution by April 1 of the year following the
year you become age 72. If you don’t,
you may have to pay a 50% additional
tax on the amount that should have been
distributed. For details, including how
to figure the minimum required distribution, see Pub. 590-B.
Were You Covered by a Retirement
Plan?
If you were covered by a retirement plan
(qualified pension, profit-sharing (including 401(k)), annuity, SEP, SIMPLE,
etc.) at work or through self-employment, your IRA deduction may be reduced or eliminated. But you can still
make contributions to an IRA even if
you can't deduct them. In any case, the
income earned on your IRA contributions isn't taxed until it is paid to you.
The “Retirement plan” box in box 13
of your Form W-2 should be checked if
you were covered by a plan at work
even if you weren’t vested in the plan.
You are also covered by a plan if you
were self-employed and had a SEP,
SIMPLE, or qualified retirement plan.
If you were covered by a retirement
plan and you file Form 2555 or 8815, or
you exclude employer-provided adoption benefits, see Pub. 590-A to figure
the amount, if any, of your IRA deduction.
Married persons filing separately. If
you weren’t covered by a retirement
plan but your spouse was, you are considered covered by a plan unless you
lived apart from your spouse for all of
2022.
You may be able to take the retirement savings contributions
credit. See the Schedule 3,
line 4, instructions.
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IRA Deduction Worksheet—Schedule 1, Line 20
STOP
Before you begin:
1a.Were you covered by a retirement plan (see Were You Covered by a
6.Is the amount on line 5 less than the amount on line 2?
No.
Be sure you have read the the instructions for this line. You may not be able to use this worksheet.
Figure any write-in adjustments to be entered on Schedule 1, line 24z (see the instructions for Schedule 1,
line 24z).
If you are married filing separately and you lived apart from your spouse for all of 2022, enter “D” on the dotted
line next to Schedule 1, line 20. If you don’t, you may get a math error notice from the IRS.
Your IRASpouse's IRA
2a.
None of your IRA contributions are deductible. For details on
nondeductible IRA contributions, see Form 8606.
2b.
5b.
Yes No
Subtract line 5 from line 2 in each column. Follow the instruction
Yes.
below that applies to you.
If single, head of household, or married filing separately,
•
and the result is $10,000 or more, enter the applicable
amount below on line 7 for that column and go to line 8.
i. $6,000, if under age 50 at the end of 2022.
ii. $7,000, if age 50 or older at the end of 2022.
If the result is less than $10,000, go to line 7.6a.
If married filing jointly or qualifying surviving spouse,
•
and the result is $20,000 or more ($10,000 or more in the
column for the IRA of a person who wasn't covered by a
retirement plan), enter the applicable amount below on
line 7 for that column and go to line 8.
i. $6,000, if under age 50 at the end of 2022.
ii. $7,000, if age 50 or older at the end of 2022.
Otherwise, go to line 7.
6b.
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IRA Deduction Worksheet—Continued
CAUTION
!
7.Multiply lines 6a and 6b by the percentage below that applies to you. If the
result isn't a multiple of $10, increase it to the next multiple of $10 (for
example, increase $490.30 to $500). If the result is $200 or more, enter the
result. But if it is less than $200, enter $200.
Single, head of household, or married filing separately, multiply by 60%
•
(0.60) (or by 70% (0.70) in the column for the IRA of a person who is age
50 or older at the end of 2022).
Married filing jointly or qualifying surviving spouse, multiply by 30%
•
(0.30) (or by 35% (0.35) in the column for the IRA of a person who is age
50 or older at the end of 2022). But if you checked “No” on either line 1a
or 1b, then in the column for the IRA of the person who wasn't covered by a
retirement plan, multiply by 60% (0.60) (or by 70% (0.70) if age
50 or older at the end of 2022).
8.Enter the total of your (and your spouse's if filing
jointly):
Wages, salaries, tips, etc. Generally, this is the
•
amount reported in box 1 of Form W-2. Exceptions
are explained earlier in these instructions for line 20.8.
Alimony and separate maintenance payments
•
reported on Schedule 1, line 2a.
Nontaxable combat pay. This amount should be
•
reported in box 12 of Form W-2 with code Q or
reported on Form 1040, line 1i.
9.Enter the earned income you (and your spouse if
filing jointly) received as a self-employed individual
or a partner. Generally, this is your (and your
spouse's if filing jointly) net earnings from
self-employment if your personal services were a
material income-producing factor, minus any
deductions on Schedule 1, lines 15 and 16. If zero or
less, enter -0-. For more details, see Pub.
590-A ..................................9.
10.Add lines 8 and 9 .........................
10.
Your IRASpouse's IRA
7a.7b.
If married filing jointly and line 10 is less than $12,000 ($13,000 if
one spouse is age 50 or older at the end of 2022; $14,000 if both
spouses are age 50 or older at the end of 2022), stop here and use
the worksheet in Pub. 590-A to figure your IRA deduction.
11.Enter traditional IRA contributions made, or that will be made by the due date
of your 2022 return not counting extensions (April 18, 2023, for most people),
for 2022 to your IRA on line 11a and to your spouse's IRA on line 11b ...... 11a.
12.On line 12a, enter the smallest of line 7a, 10, or 11a. On line 12b, enter the
smallest of line 7b, 10, or 11b. This is the most you can deduct. Add the
amounts on lines 12a and 12b and enter the total on Schedule 1, line 20. Or, if
you want, you can deduct a smaller amount and treat the rest as a
nondeductible contribution (see Form 8606) .......................... 12a.
the worksheet in these instructions to
Line 21
Student Loan Interest Deduction
You can take this deduction only if all of
the following apply.
You paid interest in 2022 on a
•
qualified student loan (defined later).
Your filing status is any status ex-
•
cept married filing separately.
Your modified adjusted gross in-
•
come (AGI) is less than: $85,000 if single, head of household, or qualifying
surviving spouse; $175,000 if married
filing jointly. Use lines 2 through 4 of
figure your modified AGI.
You, or your spouse if filing joint-
•
ly, aren't claimed as a dependent on
someone else's (such as your parent's)
2022 tax return.
Don't include any amount paid from a
a distribution of earnings made from a
qualified tuition program (QTP) after
2018 to the extent the earnings are treated as tax free because they were used to
pay student loan interest.
Use the worksheet in these instructions to figure your student loan interest
deduction.
11b.
12b.
Exception. Use Pub. 970 instead of the
worksheet in these instructions to figure
your student loan interest deduction if
you file Form 2555 or 4563, or you exclude income from sources within Puerto Rico.
Qualified student loan. A qualified
student loan is any loan you took out to
pay the qualified higher education expenses for any of the following individuals who were eligible students.
1. Yourself or your spouse.
2. Any person who was your de-
pendent when the loan was taken out.
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Student Loan Interest Deduction Worksheet—Schedule 1, Line 21
Before you begin:
1.Enter the total interest you paid in 2022 on qualified student loans (see the instructions for line 21). Don’t
enter more than $2,500 ..................................................................
2.Enter the amount from Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 9 .........................2.
3.Enter the total of the amounts from Schedule 1, lines 11 through 20, and 23 and
4.Subtract line 3 from line 2 ...............................................4.
5.Enter the amount shown below for your filing status.
Single, head of household, or qualifying
•
surviving spouse—$70,000
Married filing jointly—$145,000
•
6.Is the amount on line 4 more than the amount on line 5?
No. Skip lines 6 and 7, enter -0- on line 8, and go to line 9.
Yes. Subtract line 5 from line 4 .......................................
7.Divide line 6 by $15,000 ($30,000 if married filing jointly). Enter the result as a decimal (rounded to at
least three places). If the result is 1.000 or more, enter 1.000 ....................................
8.Multiply line 1 by line 7 .................................................................8.
9.Student loan interest deduction. Subtract line 8 from line 1. Enter the result here and on Schedule 1,
line 21.
Don’t include this amount in figuring any other deduction on your return (such as on Schedule A, C,
E, etc.) ...............................................................................
Figure any write-in adjustments to be entered on Schedule 1, line 24z (see the instructions for Schedule 1,
line 24z).
Be sure you have read the Exception in the instructions for this line to see if you can use this worksheet
instead of Pub. 970 to figure your deduction.
...........
5.
6.
1.
.
7.
9.
3. Any person you could have
claimed as a dependent for the year the
loan was taken out except that:
a. The person filed a joint return;
b. The person had gross income that
was equal to or more than the exemption
amount for that year or $4,400 for 2022;
or
c. You, or your spouse if filing
jointly, could be claimed as a dependent
on someone else's return.
However, a loan isn't a qualified student loan if (a) any of the proceeds were
used for other purposes, or (b) the loan
was from either a related person or a
person who borrowed the proceeds under a qualified employer plan or a contract purchased under such a plan. For
details, see Pub. 970.
Qualified higher education expenses.
Qualified higher education expenses
generally include tuition, fees, room and
board, and related expenses such as
books and supplies. The expenses must
be for education in a degree, certificate,
or similar program at an eligible educational institution. An eligible educational institution includes most colleges,
universities, and certain vocational
schools. For details, see Pub. 970.
Line 22
Line 22 has been reserved for future use.
Line 23
Archer MSA Deduction
See Form 8853.
Lines 24a through 24z
Line 24a
Jury duty pay. Enter your jury duty
pay if you gave the pay to your employer because your employer paid your salary while you served on the jury.
Line 24b
Enter the deductible expenses related to
income reported on line 8l from the rent-
al of personal property engaged in for
profit.
Line 24c
Enter the nontaxable amount of the value of Olympic and Paralympic medals
and USOC prize money reported on
line 8m.
Line 24d
Enter reforestation amortization and expenses (see Pub. 535).
Line 24e
Enter repayment of supplemental unemployment benefits under the Trade Act
of 1974 (see Pub. 525).
Line 24f
Enter contributions to section 501(c)(18)
(D) pension plans (see Pub. 525).
Line 24g
Enter contributions by certain chaplains
to section 403(b) plans (see Pub. 517).
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Line 24h
TIP
Enter attorney fees and court costs for
actions involving certain unlawful discrimination claims, but only to the extent of gross income from such actions
(see Pub. 525).
Line 24i
Enter attorney fees and court costs you
paid in connection with an award from
the IRS for information you provided
that helped the IRS detect tax law violations, up to the amount of the award includible in your gross income.
Line 24j
Enter the housing deduction from Form
2555.
Line 24k
Enter excess deductions of section 67(e)
expenses from Schedule K-1 (Form
1041), box 11, code A. See the Instructions for Schedule K-1 (Form 1041).
Line 24z
Use line 24z to report any adjustments
not reported elsewhere. List the type and
amount of the adjustment.
Form 1099-K loss reporting. If you
sold a personal item at a loss and you
did not report the loss on Form 8949,
enter the amount of the sale proceeds
from Form 1099-K on line 24z that you
reported on line 8z. In the entry space
next to line 24z write “Form 1099-K
Personal Item Sold at a Loss” and also
enter the amount of the sale proceeds.
For example, you bought a couch for
$1,000 and sold it through a third-party
vendor for $700, which was reported on
your Form 1099-K. On line 24z you
would enter $700 and in the entry space
next to line 24z you would write “Form
1099-K Personal Item Sold at a Loss $700.” See the instructions for line 8z.
If you sold more than one personal item at a loss or received
more than one Form 1099-K
for personal items you sold at a loss,
and you entered the total amount of sale
proceeds on line 8z, you should also enter the total amount of sale proceeds on
line 24z.
Incorrect Form 1099-K. If you received a Form 1099-K that shows payments you didn't receive or is otherwise
incorrect and you can't get it corrected,
enter the amount on line 24z that you reported on line 8z. In the entry space next
to line 24z write “Incorrect Form
1099-K” and also enter the amount that
was incorrectly reported to you. For example, if you received a Form 1099-K
that incorrectly showed $800 of payments to you, you would enter $800 on
line 24z and in the entry space next to
line 24z you would write “Incorrect
Form 1099-K - $800.” See the instructions for line 8z.
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Instructions for Schedule 2
CAUTION
!
Additional Taxes
General Instructions
Use Schedule 2 if you have additional
taxes that can’t be entered directly on
Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR.
Include the amount on Schedule 2,
line 3, in the total on Form 1040,
1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 17.
Enter the amount on Schedule 2,
line 21, on Form 1040 or 1040-SR,
line 23; or 1040-NR, line 23b.
Specific Instructions
Line 1
Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT)
Alternative minimum tax (AMT) exemption amount increased. The AMT
exemption amount is increased to
$75,900 ($118,100 if married filing
jointly or qualifying surviving spouse;
$59,050 if married filing separately).
The income levels at which the AMT
exemption begins to phase out has increased to $539,900 ($1,079,800 if married filing jointly or qualifying surviving
spouse).
If you aren't sure whether you owe
the AMT, complete the Worksheet To
See if You Should Fill in Form 6251.
Exception. Fill in Form 6251 instead of
using the worksheet if you claimed or
received any of the following items.
Accelerated depreciation.
•
Tax-exempt interest from private
•
activity bonds.
Intangible drilling, circulation, re-
•
search, experimental, or mining costs.
Amortization of pollution-control
•
facilities or depletion.
Income or (loss) from tax-shelter
•
farm activities, passive activities, partnerships, S corporations, or activities for
which you aren't at risk.
Income from long-term contracts
•
not figured using the percentage-of-completion method.
Investment interest expense repor-
•
ted on Form 4952.
Net operating loss deduction.
•
Alternative minimum tax adjust-
•
ments from an estate, trust, electing
large partnership, or cooperative.
Section 1202 exclusion.
•
Stock by exercising an incentive
•
stock option and you didn't dispose of
the stock in the same year.
Any general business credit claim-
•
ed on Form 3800 if either line 6 (in Part
I) or line 25 of Form 3800 is more than
zero.
Qualified electric vehicle credit.
•
Alternative fuel vehicle refueling
•
property tax.
Credit for prior year minimum tax.
•
Foreign tax credit.
•
Net qualified disaster loss and you
•
are reporting your standard deduction on
Schedule A, line 16. See the instructions
for Form 4684 for more information.
For help with the alternative mini-
mum tax, go to IRS.gov/AMT.
Line 2
Excess Advance Premium Tax
Credit Repayment
If you have excess advance premium tax credit (APTC) repayments, go to IRS.gov/Form8962
for more information.
The premium tax credit helps pay
premiums for health insurance purchased from the Marketplace. Eligible
individuals may have advance payments
of the premium tax credit paid on their
behalf directly to the insurance company. If you, your spouse with whom you
are filing a joint return, or your dependent was enrolled in coverage purchased
from the Marketplace and advance payments of the premium tax credit were
made for the coverage, complete Form
8962 to reconcile (compare) the advance
payments with your premium tax credit.
You (or whoever enrolled you) should
have received Form 1095-A from the
Marketplace with information about
your coverage and any advance credit
payments. If the advance credit payments were more than the premium tax
credit you can claim, the amount you
must repay will be shown on Form
8962, line 29. Enter that amount, if any,
on line 2.
You may have to repay excess advance payments of the premium tax
credit even if someone else enrolled
you, your spouse, or your dependent in
Marketplace coverage. In that case, another individual may have received the
Form 1095-A for the coverage. You
may also have to repay excess advance
payments of the premium tax credit if
you enrolled an individual in coverage
through the Marketplace, you don’t
claim the individual as a dependent on
your return, and no one else claims that
individual as a dependent. For more information, see the Instructions for Form
8962.
Line 5
Unreported Social Security and
Medicare Tax From Form 4137
Enter the total of any taxes from Form
4137.
If you received tips of $20 or more in
any month and you didn't report the full
amount to your employer, you must pay
the social security and Medicare or railroad retirement (RRTA) tax on the unreported tips.
Don’t include the value of any noncash tips, such as tickets or passes. You
don’t pay social security and Medicare
taxes or RRTA tax on these noncash
tips.
To figure the social security and
Medicare tax, use Form 4137. If you
owe RRTA tax, contact your employer.
Your employer will figure and collect
the RRTA tax.
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Worksheet To See if You Should Fill in Form 6251—Schedule 2, Line 1
STOP
STOP
Before you begin:
1. Are you filing Schedule A?
No.
Yes.Enter the amount from Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 15 .......................... 1.
2. Enter the amount from Schedule A, line 7 ..........................................................
3. Add lines 1 and 2 ............................................................................
4. Enter any tax refund from Schedule 1, lines 1 and 8z .................................................
5. Subtract line 4 from line 3 .....................................................................
6. Enter the amount shown below for your filing status.
Single or head of household—$75,900
•
Married filing jointly or qualifying surviving spouse—$118,100
•
Married filing separately—$59,050
•
7. Is the amount on line 5 more than the amount on line 6?
No.
Yes.Subtract line 6 from line 5 ........................................................ 7.
8. Enter the amount shown below for your filing status.
Single or head of household—$539,900
•
Married filing jointly or qualifying surviving spouse—$1,079,800
•
Married filing separately—$539,900
•
9. Is the amount on line 5 more than the amount on line 8?
Skip lines 1 and 2; subtract Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 13, or Form 1040-NR, line 13a, from Form
1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 11, and enter the result on line 3 and go to line 4.
Don’t complete the rest of this worksheet. You don’t owe alternative minimum
tax and don’t need to fill out Form 6251. Leave Schedule 2, line 1, blank.
Be sure you have read the Exception in the instructions for this line to see if you must fill in Form 6251 instead of
using this worksheet.
........... 6.
........... 8.
2.
3.
4.
5.
No.Enter -0-. Skip line 10. Enter on line 11 the amount from line 7, and go to line 12.
Yes.Subtract line 8 from line 5 ........................................................ 9.
10.
Multiply line 9 by 25% (0.25) and enter the smaller of the result or line 6 .................................
11.
Add lines 7 and 10 ...........................................................................
12.
Is the amount on line 11 more than $206,100 ($103,050 if married filing separately)?
Yes.
No.Multiply line 11 by 26% (0.26) .....................................................
13.
Add Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 16 (minus any tax from Form 4972), and Schedule 2, line 2. (If you used
Schedule J to figure your tax on the entry space on Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 16, refigure that tax
without using Schedule J before including it in this calculation) .........................................
Next. Is the amount on line 12 more than the amount on line 13?
Yes.Fill in Form 6251 to see if you owe the alternative minimum tax.
No.You don’t owe alternative minimum tax and don’t need to fill out Form 6251. Leave Schedule 2, line 1, blank.
Fill in Form 6251 to see if you owe the alternative minimum tax.
10.
11.
12.
13.
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You may be charged a penalty
CAUTION
!
equal to 50% of the social se-
curity and Medicare or RRTA
tax due on tips you received but didn't
report to your employer.
Line 6
Unreported Social Security and
Medicare Tax From Form 8919
Enter the total of any taxes from Form
8919.
If you are an employee who received
wages from an employer who didn't
withhold social security and Medicare
tax from your wages, use Form 8919 to
figure your share of the unreported tax.
Include on line 6 the amount from
line 13 of Form 8919. Include the
amount from line 6 of Form 8919 on
Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 1g.
Line 8
Additional Tax on IRAs, Other
Qualified Retirement Plans, etc.
If any of the following apply, see Form
5329 and its instructions to find out if
you owe this tax and if you must file
Form 5329. Also see Form 5329 and its
instructions for definitions of the terms
used here.
1. You received an early distribution
from (a) an IRA or other qualified retirement plan, (b) an annuity, or (c) a modified endowment contract entered into after June 20, 1988, and the total distribution wasn't rolled over.
2. Excess contributions were made
to your IRA, Coverdell education savings account (ESA), Archer MSA,
health savings account (HSA), or ABLE
account.
3. You received a taxable distribution from a Coverdell ESA, qualified
tuition program, or ABLE account.
4. You didn't take the minimum required distribution from your IRA or
other qualified retirement plan by April
1 of the year following the year you
reached age 72.
Exception. If only item (1) applies and
distribution code 1 is correctly shown in
box 7 of all your Forms 1099-R, you
don’t have to file Form 5329. Instead,
multiply the taxable amount of the dis-
tribution by 10% (0.10) and enter the result on line 8. The taxable amount of the
distribution is the part of the distribution
you reported on Form 1040, 1040-SR, or
1040-NR, line 4b or 5b, or on Form
4972. Also check the box on line 8 to indicate that you don’t have to file Form
5329. But you must file Form 5329 if
distribution code 1 is incorrectly shown
in box 7 of Form 1099-R or you qualify
for an exception, such as the exceptions
for qualified medical expenses, qualified
higher education expenses, qualified
first-time homebuyer distributions, or a
qualified reservist distribution.
Line 9
Household Employment Taxes
Enter the household employment taxes
you owe for having a household employee. If any of the following apply,
see Schedule H and its instructions to
find out if you owe these taxes.
1. You paid any one household employee (defined below) cash wages of
$2,400 or more in 2022. Cash wages include wages paid by check, money order, etc. But don’t count amounts paid to
an employee who was under age 18 at
any time in 2022 and was a student.
2. You withheld federal income tax
during 2022 at the request of any household employee.
3. You paid total cash wages of
$1,000 or more in any calendar quarter
of 2021 or 2022 to household employees.
Any person who does household work is
a household employee if you can control
what will be done and how it will be
done. Household work includes work
done in or around your home by babysitters, nannies, health aides, housekeepers,
yard workers, and similar domestic
workers.
Line 10
First-Time Homebuyer Credit
Repayment
Enter the first-time homebuyer credit
you have to repay if you bought the
home in 2008.
If you bought the home in 2008 and
owned and used it as your main home
for all of 2022, you can enter your 2022
repayment on this line without attaching
Form 5405.
See the Form 5405 instructions for
details and for exceptions to the repayment rule.
Line 11
Additional Medicare Tax
See Form 8959 and its instructions if the
total of your 2022 wages and any
self-employment income was more than:
$125,000 if married filing sepa-
•
rately;
$250,000 if married filing jointly;
•
or
$200,000 if single, head of house-
•
hold, or qualifying surviving spouse.
Also see Form 8959 if you had railroad
retirement (RRTA) compensation that
was more than the amount just listed
that applies to you.
If you are married filing jointly and
either you or your spouse had wages or
RRTA compensation of more than
$200,000, your employer may have
withheld Additional Medicare Tax even
if you don’t owe the tax. In that case,
you may be able to get a refund of the
tax withheld. See the Instructions for
Form 8959 to find out how to report the
withheld tax on Form 8959.
Line 12
Net Investment Income Tax
See Form 8960 and its instructions if the
amount on Form 1040, 1040-SR, or
1040-NR, line 11, is more than:
$125,000 if married filing sepa-
•
rately,
$250,000 if married filing jointly
•
or qualifying surviving spouse, or
$200,000 if single or head of
•
household.
If you file Form 2555, see Form 8960
and its instructions if the amount on
Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR,
line 11, is more than:
$13,000 if married filing separate-
•
ly,
$138,000 if married filing jointly
•
or qualifying surviving spouse, or
$88,000 if single or head of house-
•
hold.
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Line 13
Uncollected social security and Medicare or RRTA tax on tips or
group-term life insurance. This tax
should be shown in box 12 of Form W-2
with codes A and B or M and N.
Line 14
Interest on Tax Due on
Installment Income From the Sale
of Certain Residential Lots and
Timeshares
Enter interest on tax due on installment
income from the sale of certain residential lots and timeshares under section
453(l)(3).
Line 15
Interest on the Deferred Tax on
Gain From Certain Installment
Sales With a Sales Price Over
$150,000
Enter interest on the deferred tax on gain
from certain installment sales with a
sales price over $150,000 under section
453A(c).
Line 16
Recapture of Low-Income
Housing Credit
See Form 8611 for more information.
Lines 17a Through 17z
Other Additional Taxes
Line 17a. Recapture of the following
credits.
1. Investment credit (see Form
4255). Identify as “ICR.”
2. Indian employment credit (see
Form 8845). Identify as “IECR.”
3. New markets credit (see Form
8874). Identify as “NMCR.”
4. Credit for employer-provided
childcare facilities (see Form 8882).
Identify as “ECCFR.”
5. Alternative motor vehicle credit
(see Form 8910). Identify as
“AMVCR.”
6. Alternative fuel vehicle refueling
property credit (see Form 8911). Identify as “ARPCR.”
7. Qualified plug-in electric drive
motor vehicle credit (see Form 8936).
Identify as “8936R.”
Line 17b. If you sold your home in
2022 and it was financed (in whole or in
part) from the proceeds of any tax-exempt qualified mortgage bond or you
claimed the mortgage interest credit, you
may owe a recapture tax on the mortgage subsidy. See Form 8828.
Line 17c. Enter any additional tax on
health savings account (HSA) distributions you received from Form 8889,
line 17b. See Form 8889, Part II.
Line 17d. Enter any additional tax for
failure to remain an eligible individual
during the testing period from Form
8889, line 21. See Form 8889, Part III.
Line 17e. Enter any additional tax on
Archer MSA distributions from Form
8853, line 9b. See Form 8853.
Line 17f. Enter any additional tax on
Medicare Advantage MSA distributions
from Form 8853, line 13b. See Form
8853.
Line 17g. Enter any additional tax on
recapture of a charitable contribution deduction relating to a fractional interest in
tangible personal property. See Pub. 526
for more information.
Line 17h. Enter any additional tax on
income you received from a nonqualified deferred compensation plan that
fails to meet the requirements of section
409A. This income should be shown in
box 12 of Form W-2 with code Z, or in
box 15 of Form 1099-MISC. The tax is
20% of the amount required to be included in income plus an interest amount
determined under section 409A(a)(1)(B)
(ii). See section 409A(a)(1)(B) for details.
Line 17i. Enter any additional tax on
compensation you received from a nonqualified deferred compensation plan
described in section 457A if the compensation would have been includible in
your income in an earlier year except
that the amount wasn't determinable until 2022. The tax is 20% of the amount
required to be included in income plus
an interest amount determined under
section 457A(c)(2). See section 457A
for details.
Line 17j. Enter any Section 72(m)(5)
excess benefits tax. See Pub. 560 for
more information.
Line 17k. If you received an excess
parachute payment (EPP), you must pay
a 20% tax on it. This tax should be
shown in box 12 of Form W-2 with code
K. If you received a Form 1099-MISC,
the tax is 20% of the EPP shown in
box 14. Enter this amount on line 17k.
Line 17l. Enter any tax on accumulation distribution of trusts. See Form
4970 for more information.
Line 17m. Enter any excise tax on insider stock compensation from an expatriated corporation. See section 4985.
Line 17n. Enter any look-back interest
under section 167(g) or 460(b). See
Form 8697 or 8866 for more information.
Line 17o. Enter any tax on non-effectively connected income for any part of
the year you were a nonresident alien.
See the Instructions for Form 1040-NR
for more information.
Line 17p. Enter any interest amount
from Form 8621, line 16f, relating to
distributions from, and dispositions of,
stock of a section 1291 fund.
Line 17q. Enter any interest amount
from Form 8621, line 24.
Line 17z Use line 17z to report any taxes not reported elsewhere on your return
or other schedules. List the type and
amount of tax.
Other taxes to be listed include the
following.
Form 8978 adjustment. Complete the
Negative Form 8978 Adjustment Worksheet—Schedule 2 (Line 17z) if you are
filing Form 8978 and completed the
worksheet in the Schedule 3, line 6l, instructions and the amount on line 3 of
that worksheet is negative.
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Negative Form 8978 Adjustment Worksheet—Schedule 2 (Line 17z)
Complete this worksheet if you completed line 3 on the Negative Form 8978 Adjustment Worksheet in the Schedule 3,
line 6l, instructions.
1. Enter the sum of any chapter 1 taxes* (other than your negative Form 8978 adjustment) reported in Part II of
2. Enter as a positive number the negative amount from line 3 of the Negative Form 8978 Adjustment Worksheet in
the Schedule 3, line 6l, instructions .....................................................2.
3. Is the amount on line 1 more than the amount on line 2?
Yes.
No.
List the type (Form 8978 ADJ) and the amount from line 2 as a negative number (in parentheses) on line 17z.
List the type (Form 8978 ADJ) and the amount from line 1 as a negative number (in parentheses) on line 17z.
Combine this amount with any other amounts reported on line 17z to complete the line 17z entry space.
* Chapter 1 taxes include taxes from sections 1 through 1400Z-2 of the Code, as well as certain amounts the Code treats as chapter 1 taxes.
Generally, this does not include amounts reported on Schedule 2, lines 4, 7, 9, 11–13, 17k–17m, or 17z (other than chapter 1 taxes).
-99-
Instructions for Schedule 3
TIP
Additional Credits and Payments
General Instructions
Use Schedule 3 if you have nonrefundable credits, other than the child tax credit
or the credit for other dependents, or
other payments and refundable credits.
Include the amount on Schedule 3,
line 8, in the amount entered on Form
1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 20.
Enter the amount on Schedule 3,
line 15, on Form 1040, 1040-SR, or
1040-NR, line 31.
Specific Instructions
Line 1
Foreign Tax Credit
If you are a shareholder in a
controlled foreign corporation
and made a section 962 election, see the instructions for Forms 1040
and 1040-SR, line 16, for the foreign tax
credit you figured on Form 1118.
If you paid income tax to a foreign
country or U.S. possession, you may be
able to take this credit. Generally, you
must complete and attach Form 1116 to
do so.
Exception. You don’t have to complete
Form 1116 to take this credit if all of the
following apply.
1. All of your foreign source gross
income was from interest and dividends
and all of that income and the foreign
tax paid on it were reported to you on
Form 1099-INT, Form 1099-DIV, or
Schedule K-1 (or substitute statement).
2. The total of your foreign taxes
wasn't more than $300 (not more than
$600 if married filing jointly).
3. You held the stock or bonds on
which the dividends or interest were
paid for at least 16 days and weren’t obligated to pay these amounts to someone
else.
4. You aren’t filing Form 4563 or
excluding income from sources within
Puerto Rico.
5. All of your foreign taxes were:
a. Legally owed and not eligible for
a refund or reduced tax rate under a tax
treaty, and
b. Paid to countries that are recognized by the United States and don’t
support terrorism.
For more details on these requirements, see the Instructions for Form
1116.
Do you meet all five requirements
just listed?
Yes. Enter on line 1 the smaller of
(a) your total foreign taxes, or (b) the total of the amounts on Form 1040 or
1040-SR, line 16, and Schedule 2,
line 2.
No. See Form 1116 to find out if
you can take the credit and, if you can, if
you have to file Form 1116.
Line 2
Credit for Child and Dependent
Care Expenses
You may be able to take this credit if, in
order to work or look for work, you paid
someone to care for:
Your qualifying child under age 13
•
whom you claim as your dependent,
Your disabled spouse or any other
•
disabled person who couldn't care for
themselves, or
Your child whom you couldn't
•
claim as a dependent because of the
rules for Children of divorced or separa-
ted parents under Who Qualifies as Your
Dependent, earlier.
For details, use Tax Topic 602 or see
Form 2441.
Line 3
Education Credits
If you (or your dependent) paid qualified
expenses in 2022 for yourself, your
spouse, or your dependent to enroll in or
attend an eligible educational institution,
you may be able to take an education
credit. See Form 8863 for details. However, you can't take an education credit
if any of the following applies.
You, or your spouse if filing joint-
•
ly, are claimed as a dependent on someone else's (such as your parent's) 2022
tax return.
Your filing status is married filing
•
separately.
The amount on Form 1040 or
•
1040-SR, line 11, is $90,000 or more
($180,000 or more if married filing
jointly).
You, or your spouse, were a non-
•
resident alien for any part of 2022 unless
your filing status is married filing jointly.
You may be able to increase an education credit if the student chooses to include all or part of a Pell grant or certain
other scholarships or fellowships in income.
For more information, see Pub. 970;
the instructions for Form 1040 or
1040-SR, line 29; and IRS.gov/EdCredit.
You may be able to take this credit if
you, or your spouse if filing jointly,
made (a) contributions, other than rollover contributions, to a traditional or
Roth IRA; (b) elective deferrals to a
401(k) or 403(b) plan (including designated Roth contributions) or to a governmental 457, SEP, or SIMPLE plan; (c)
voluntary employee contributions to a
qualified retirement plan (including the
federal Thrift Savings Plan); (d) contributions to a 501(c)(18)(D) plan; or (e)
contributions to an ABLE account by
the designated beneficiary, as defined in
section 529A.
However, you can't take the credit if
either of the following applies.
1. The amount on Form 1040,
1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 11, is more
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