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Spring Starter Operator’s Guide
Production Release: July 2017
Version 2.00
Original Version: English
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Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Contents of Box ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
Before using the Spring Starter for the first time .............................................................................................. 4
Basic steps .................................................................................................................................................................... 5
The IPU Spring Starter .............................................................................................................................................. 6
Installation .................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Rotation .................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Engine Space .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Replacing the Original Starter ............................................................................................................................ 7
IPU Design ............................................................................................................................................................... 7
Pre Installation checks .......................................................................................................................................... 8
Alternative................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Final Preparation .................................................................................................................................................... 9
Operation ................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Unwinding ............................................................................................................................................................. 11
Slow Engine Cranking ........................................................................................................................................ 12
Dual Starting Engines ......................................................................................................................................... 13
Cold Starting ......................................................................................................................................................... 14
Trouble Shooting ..................................................................................................................................................... 15
Faulty Winding Mechanism .............................................................................................................................. 15
Jammed Starter .................................................................................................................................................... 16
Position Code Procedure .................................................................................................................................. 17
Position Code Table ............................................................................................................................................ 18
Appendix 1: Replacement Parts List ................................................................................................................... 19
Appendix 2: Important Operating Instructions ................................................................................................ 20
Storage Mounting ............................................................................................................................................... 20
Instructions for 'Dual -Start Engines' .............................................................................................................. 21
Appendix 5: Anti-clockwise Starters .................................................................................................................... 22
Appendix 6: Routine Testing of IPU Starter ...................................................................................................... 23
Contact Details .......................................................................................................................................................... 24
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Introduction
Thank you for purchasing the IPU Spring Starter.
The starter should provide you with thousands of maintenance free engine starts. If for any reason
you do experience any problems with your starter please write, or telephone us directly, contact
your local agent who will be happy to resolve your problem or visit our website for more
information at www.ipu.co.uk/starting.
This booklet provides you with all the information you need to install and operate your IPU
SureStart Spring Starter.
Please note, once fitted it is important to rotate the engine before using the spring starter for the
first time. This is to ensure the spring starter is installed correctly and reduces the risk of damage
to the engine and the starter motor. Instructions on how to do this are on page 5.
Contents of Box
• Starter motor
• Winding handle
• Getting started user manual
• Operating instruction stickers, as required
• Check card
• Bolts/nuts/spacer, as required
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Before using the Spring Starter for the first time
Before you operate the IPU SureStart Spring Starter for the first time you must complete the
following:
TO ROTATE THE ENGINE WITHOUT STARTING
1. Pull reset button
2. Wind clockwise 1¾ turns
3. Operate the trip lever
4. Continue winding
5. Operate starter for 1 complete engine revolution
The above steps ensure the Spring Starter is fitted correctly and will not cause damage to the
starter or the engine. If any of the above steps cannot be completed please contact IPU on +44
(0) 121 511 0460 for further support.
DO NOT OPERATE THE STARTER WITH ENGINE DECOMPRESSED
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Basic steps
After you have completed the preparation steps on page 4 below are the basic operating
procedures:
TO START
1. Gearbox must be in neutral
2. Fuel on
3. Set excess fuel
4. Open throttle
5. Pull reset button
6. Wind clockwise until RED springs are showing:
• WHITE springs visible = unwound
• RED springs visible = wound for starting
7. Operate the trip lever
TO UNWIND STARTER
Crank the handle in an anti-clockwise direction until the WHITE springs appear in the inspection
window.
CAUTION: Do not dismantle or remove starter from engine unless WHITE springs are visible.
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The IPU Spring Starter
1
Front Housing
5
Reset Knob
9
Spacer Shims
13
Circlip
2
Viewing Window
6
Input Adaptor
10
Drive Gear
14
Drive Ratchet
3
Body 7 Rear Housing
11
Drive Shaft
15
Lock
4
Trip Lever
8
Bevel Pinion
12
Drive Nut
16
Drive Pinion
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10
11
12
13
14
16
15
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Installation
CAUTION: Do not attempt to wind and trip the starter unless it is fitted on an engine. The unit will
break if it is held in a vice energised and released. The warranty will NOT BE VALID.
The IPU Starter is easy to install and operate. It requires no special skills or tools. You should,
however, still read the following step-by-step instructions before fitting or operating the starter.
Rotation
The starter ranges are designed for anticlockwise rotation engines only, viewed from the flywheel
end. In other words, the starter replaces clockwise rotation electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic
starters. (See Appendix II). See Appendix V for modified operation of anticlockwise starter.
Engine Space
Check that you have sufficient room on the engine crankcase to fit the starter (see Appendix I).
Replacing the Original Starter
Remove the existing electric, pneumatic or hydraulic starting device, ensuring that you retain any
spacers already present, unless the starter model that you have already has a spacer included with
it.
Make sure that while removing the old starter you do not disconnect the fuel shut-off valve. On
some applications there may be an electrical engine shut-off valve. This can either be operated by
direct supply from the battery or converted to manual shut-off.
IPU Design
You may find when replacing your current starter with the IPU Starter that there is a difference
between the numbers of teeth on the two pinions. This is a design feature adapted to make a
larger body diameter IPU Starter replaces a smaller diameter electric starter. This is achieved by
offsetting the spigot and mounting holes of the starter from its centreline and increasing the
number of teeth to compensate for this.
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Pre Installation checks
The IPU Starter is designed so that when installed on the
engine, in the unwound position, there is between 3 and 5
mm clearance between the pinion face and the flywheel
ring gear. To ensure that the clearance is correct, press the
‘check card’ (provided) against the ring gear and ensure
the flange mounting face sits in the safe area.
Alternative
Measure the mounting face to pinion face dimension 'X',
and the mounting face to ring gear depth ‘Y'. The distance
Y-X should be between 3 and 5 mm.
Flywheel Ring Gear
Flange Mounting Face
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Final Preparation
To complete the installation tighten the nuts or bolts (whichever is appropriate for your
application) to the torque recommended by the engine manufacturer.
The starter is assembled so that in the majority of applications the winding handle is in a position
suitable for you to wind the starter comfortably. If this is not the case the angle of the winding
handle position can be changed to suit your needs. See Position Code Procedure.
The Operating Instruction Sticker should be stuck close to the engine, so that it is clearly visible to
the starter operator.
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Operation
1. If the starter is fitted on a tractor or mechanical handling vehicle, such as a fork lift truck or
a loader, ensure that the gearbox is in the neutral position.
2. Ensure that the fuel is turned OFF.
3. Using the winding handle, rotate the winding adaptor until the WHITE spring is visible in
the window. Move the trip lever to the trip position.
4. The engine will rotate but not start. This will ensure that the starter is operating normally.
5. Check the fuel valve is in the 'ON' position and that fuel is reaching the fuel pump.
6. Adjust the throttle to between 1/2 and 3/4 open.
7. The trip lever (with the knob), of the starter, must be in an upright position. If this is not
the case, pull the reset knob (black). The trip lever will immediately spring to its upright
position.
8. When starting an engine fitted with an in-line pump for the first time, it may be necessary
to press the excess fuel button on the pump.
9. Fit the Cranking handle and wind the handle in a clockwise direction until RED springs are
visible through the inspection windows (See Appendix II for number of turns). With the
RED spring visible the starter is ready to start the engine.
10. To start your engine, push the trip lever down through 90°.
11. If the engine does not start repeat the above steps. Your engine will normally start within
three attempts.
IMPORTANT: Do not attempt to start the engine with an electric or other starter while the IPU
Starter is wound and engaged.
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Unwinding
Set trip lever to the vertical position.
Then, to unwind and de-energize the starter motor, simply unwind the crank handle in an anticlockwise direction. It may be necessary, at first, to exert extra force to disengage the clutch.
Continue unwinding until white springs are visible through the inspection windows. At this point
the starter pinion will also retract to its rest position.
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Slow Engine Cranking
The IPU Starter can be used to slowly crank an engine, for the adjustment of tappets, pump timing
or equipment coupled to your engine. With the red trip lever in the upright (downward for
anticlockwise starter) position turn the winding handle clockwise for two turns. This will engage the
pinion with the ring gear. Now trip the lever through 90°. The black reset knob will pull in and lock
the red trip lever in this position. The engine can now be turned slowly with the winding handle,
and any adjustments, to the engine, may be made. Once slow cranking is completed you should
pull the black reset knob and either fully wind to start the engine (see Operation) or unwind to
disengage the pinion (see Unwinding).
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Dual Starting Engines
See Appendix IV for important information.
Where the engine has the facility to be operated using two starters (electric starter and the IPU
starter), the IPU starter must have its pinion disengaged from the engine flywheel when the
alternative starter is being used. The pinion is disengaged by turning the winding handle in an
anticlockwise direction, until no further unwinding is possible. This also applies to vehicles fitted
with a IPU starter that are being ‘bump’ started e.g. forklifts, tractors.
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Cold Starting
When starting at ambient temperatures below 0°C, it will be necessary to use some form of
starting aid. Starting can be achieved through various forms of ether-assisted aids which are
available in aerosol cans or as auto start kits.
To cold start proceed with normal starting operation. Prior to tripping, spray the ether into the air
intake, or if your engine is fitted with an auto start kit inject the ether inside the inlet manifold. If
the engine fails to start, repeat the whole operation immediately. The engine should now start.
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Trouble Shooting
Operation of your IPU Starter should be trouble free, as long as the starter has been fitted
correctly (see installation – page 8), and the correct engine and starter operation is adhered to
(see operation – page 11). If a problem does occur it is often possible for the operator to identify
and correct the situation.
Faulty Winding Mechanism
On turning the winding handle two turns in a clockwise direction the winding adapter should
rotate smoothly, thus causing the drive pinion to move forward and engage with the flywheel ring
gear. Further rotation should cause the spring pack to gradually compress as viewed through the
body inspection window.
FAULT
CAUSE
ACTION
Winding adaptor is jammed so
that cranking handle will not
turn
The bevel pinion is broken
and is locking the drive gear
rotation
The bevel pinion must be
replaced and the drive gear
checked for damage
Winding adaptor’s rotation is
‘stiff’ or not-smooth
The meshing between the
bevel pinion and drive gear
is too tight
Shims (part no. 20026) must
be added or removed from
between the rear housing
bearing and the drive gear
Winding adaptor rotates but
the spring core does not
compress and the pinion and
core pack does not rotate.
The bevel pinion or the input
shaft is broken
The bevel pinion or input
shaft must be replaced
Winding the adaptor does not
cause the spring pack to
compress or the drive pinion
to move forward to
engagement (the drive pinion
does however rotate)
The drive ratchet is broken or
the circlip has come loose
Fit new ratchet or circlip as
appropriate
The pinion is jammed on the
drive shaft due to burring on
five start thread or due to
excessive rust
Burring can be removed with a
grinding stone or a new drive
shaft fitted
Operation is normal up to
compression of spring pack,
but starter then discharges
prematurely before pack is
fully compressed
The lock height is incorrect
Adjust lock to correct height,
using lock height gauge.
The lock and/or ratchet are
worn
Replace worn component(s)
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Jammed Starter
FAULT
CAUSE
ACTION
The starter jams during
compression of the spring
pack or fails to discharge on
tripping
The drive shaft or drive nut
threads are worn causing the
ball bearings to jam
between the nut and the
shaft.
Set trip lever to vertical
position. Turn the Winding
Adaptor anti-clockwise, until
the white springs are visible
through the window.
If the starter still cannot be
discharged
Place the starter in a strong wooden box and contact IPU for
further instructions.
WARNING Do NOT attempt to dismantle a jammed starter as this is extremely dangerous and
requires expert attention. Please contact your local IPU agent. Also keep your fingers away from
the pinion.
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Position Code Procedure
The winding handle position relative to the angle of the nose sub-assembly can be rotated
through 360°, in 8.5° steps, to achieve the best winding position. Starters are made to a pre-set
position in the factory that should be right for your application. If however, you require an
alternative position follow the steps below:
1. For the factory built position code, refer to outline or general
arrangement drawing.
2. For an alternative position code, decide on the angle between the
release lever and input adaptor to suit your application (e.g. your
selected angle = +10°).
3. Select the nearest position code from the table below (e.g. 8.5°+ = 2B).
4. To achieve the selected (2B) position code, align the hole next to the
letter '0' at the front end of the body, against the hole designated '2' on
the front housing. Use the correct through bolt to secure the front
mounting bracket, the housing and the body in this position. (Note: For
starter without separate mounting bracket secure housing assembly to
the body).
5. Place the rear housing on the body and align the radial hole 'B' against
the letter '0' on the body. Secure the body and the rear housing in this
position.
6. Fit the remaining screws and tighten to a torque of 6-8 Nm.
Clockwise is + angle;
anti-clockwise is –
angle
Datum line
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Position Code Table
Code
Angle '+'
Code
Angle '-'
1A
0 1A 0 2B
8.6 6G
8.6
3C
17.1 5F
17.1
4D
25.7 4E
25.7
5E
34.2 3D
34.2
6F
42.9 2C
42.9
1G
51.4 1B
51.4
2A
60 6A
60
3B
68.6 5G
68.6
4C
77.1 4F
77.1
5D
85.7 3E
85.7
6E
94.2 2D
94.2
1F
102.9
1C
102.9
2G
111.6
6B
111.6
3A
120 5A
120
4B
128.6
4G
128.6
5C
137.1
3F
137.1
6D
145.7
2E
145.7
1E
154.2
1D
154.2
2F
162.9
6C
162.9
3G
171.4
5B
171.4
4A
180 4A
180
Fig 4 Fig 5 Fig 6
Note: The six through holes on the front housing are designated by numbers 1 to 6 clockwise,
looking from the rear of the housing (Fig 6).
The seven radial tapped holes on the rear housing are designated by letters A to G clockwise,
looking from the rear of the housing (Fig 4).
On the starter body, only two of the holes at either end are in line. These are marked with ‘O’ next
to each hole (Fig 5).
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Appendix 1: Replacement Parts List
1. Mounting bracket assembly
2. Core assembly
3. End housing assembly
4. Cranking handle assembly
5. Pinion
1
2 3 4
5
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Appendix 2: Important Operating Instructions
Storage Mounting
On some applications, the IPU spring starter is being
tested while fitted to the storage bracket next to the
engine.
This causes serious internal damage to the starter and
will result in premature failure when later used on the
engine.
Any damage caused by this action will not be covered
under warranty. This bulletin does not apply to starters
fitted permanently on any engine.
The starter should NOT be tested on the storage bracket under any circumstances. The starter
may only be operated when properly fitted to the engine.
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Instructions for 'Dual -Start Engines'
On engines fitted with dual starting system, such as electrical and manual starter, the manual
starter must not remain engaged with Flywheel when starting with the electric starter. Or when the
engine starts automatically with electrical starter (such as on a ships emergency generator).
To ensure the starter is not engaged, leave the trip lever in the trip position when the starter is not
in use. This will ensure that the starter pinion is not engaged with the engine flywheel.
Failure to follow this action may damage the Starter. Any damage caused by this action will not be
covered under warranty.
Reset position
Trip position
(when starter is not in use)
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Appendix 5: Anti-clockwise Starters
Pull hub out, move to full RPM.
(forward or reverse)
Switch main switch to ‘run’
Pull the reset button. Trip lever
will spring into reset position
Wind hand crank clockwise until
red springs show in sight glass.
Remove hand crank
Push trip lever to start engine
Turn hand crank
counterclockwise until white
springs show in sight glass.
Caution: - Do not dismantle or remove starter from engine unless fully unwound.
- Once the spring starter is energised it must be released or unwound.
- Do not attempt to use electric start with spring starter energised.
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Appendix 6: Routine Testing of IPU Starter
It is important to establish that the pinion has returned to its rest position (out of Engagement)
after routine testing has been carried out. See instructions below.
1. Whilst winding, if the engine DOES rotate then please follow the procedure below;
2. With the ‘trip’ lever this time in ‘Reset Position’ unwind the starter anti-clockwise 2-3 turns
3. The Pinion will retract back to its Rest position (out of Engagement).
4. Once the above steps have been carried out, with the trip lever in ‘trip’ position, wind the
starter clock-wise to ensure the Pinion is disengaged with flywheel ring-gear.
5. Rotate the winding handle a few more turns.
6. Observe that the WHITE spring is rotating and there is no rotational movement of the
engine crankshaft.
7. If the engine crankshaft rotates, remove the starter from the engine.
8. Contact IPU Engineering, supplying full details by email to ipu@ipu.co.uk
IMPORTANT NOTICE
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Contact Details
IPU Group
Cygnus Way
West Bromwich
West Midlands
B70 0XB
United Kingdom
Phone: +44 (0) 121 511 0460
Fax: +44 (0) 121 511 0401
Web: www.ipu.co.uk/starting
Email: ipu@ipu.co.uk
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