Micropower, Single Supply, Rail-to-Rail
Input-Output Instrumentation Amplifier
and Precision Operational Amplifier
The ISL28274 is a combination of a micropower
instrumentation amplifier (Amp A) with a low power precision
amplifier (Amp B) in a single package. The ISL28474
consists of two micropower instrumentation amplifiers
(Amp A) and two low power precision amplifiers (Amp B) in a
single package. The amplifiers are optimized for operation at
2.4V to 5V single supplies. Inputs and outputs can operate
rail-to-rail. As with all instrumentation amplifiers, a pair of
inputs provide a high common-mode rejection and are
completely independent from a pair of feedback terminals.
The feedback terminals allow zero input to be translated to
any output offset, including ground. A feedback divider
controls the overall gain of the amplifier. The additional
precision amplifier can be used to generate higher gain, with
smaller feedback resistors or used to generate a reference
voltage.
The instrumentation amp (Amp A) is compensated for a gain
of 100 or more and the precision amp (Amp B) is unity gain
stable. Both amplifiers have PMOS inputs that provide less
than 30pA input bias currents.
FN6345.2
Features
• Combination of IN-AMP and OP-AMP in a single package
• 120µA supply current for ISL28274
• Input offset voltage IN-AMP 500µV max
• Input offset voltage OP-AMP 225µV max
• 30pA max input bias current
• 100dB CMRR and PSRR
• Single supply operation of 2.4V to 5.0V
• Ground sensing
• Input voltage range is rail-to-rail and output swings
rail-to-rail
• Pb-free available (RoHS compliant)
Applications
• 4mA to 20mA loops
• Industrial process control
• Medical instrumentation
The amplifiers can be operated from one lithium cell or two
Ni-Cd batteries. The amplifiers input range goes from below
ground to slightly above positive rail. The output stage
swings completely to ground or positive supply; no pull-up or
pull-down resistors are needed.
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER
(Note)
ISL28274FAZ*28274 FAZ16 Ld QSOPMDP0040
ISL28474FAZ*ISL28474 FAZ24 Ld QSOPMDP0040
*Add “-T7” suffix for tape and reel. Please refer to TB347 for details
on reel specifications.
NOTE: These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ
special Pb-free material sets; molding compounds/die attach
materials and 100% matte tin plate PLUS ANNEAL - e3 termination
finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and
Pb-free soldering operations. Intersil Pb-free products are MSL
classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed
the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
PART
MARKING
PACKAGE
(Pb-free)
PKG.
DWG. #
1
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774
| Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product reliability and
result in failures not covered by warranty.
IMPORTANT NOTE: All parameters having Min/Max specifications are guaranteed. Typical values are for information purposes only. Unless otherwise noted, all tests
are at the specified temperature and are pulsed tests, therefore: T
Electrical SpecificationsINSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER “A” V
specified. For ISL28274 ONLY. Boldface limits apply over the operating temperature range, -40°C to +125°C,
temperature data established by characterization
PARAMETERDESCRIPTIONCONDITIONS
V
OS
Input Offset VoltageISL28274-400
ISL28474-500
TCV
Input Offset Voltage
OS
Temperature = -40°C to +125°C3µV/°C
MIN
(Note 1)TYP
-750
-750
MAX
(Note 1)UNIT
35400
750
35500
750
µV
µV
Temperature Coefficient
I
OS
Input Offset Current
between IN+ and IN-, and
(see Figure 44 for extended temperature range)
-40°C to +85°C
-30
-80
±530
80
pA
between FB+ and FB-
I
B
e
N
Input Bias Current (IN+, IN, FB+, and FB- terminals)
(see Figure 36 and 37 for extended temperature range)
-40°C to +85°C
-30
-80
±1030
80
Input Noise Voltagef = 0.1Hz to 10Hz6µV
pA
P-P
Input Noise Voltage Density fo = 1kHz78nV/√Hz
i
N
R
IN
V
IN
CMRRCommon Mode Rejection
PSRRPower Supply Rejection
E
G
SRSlew RateR
GBWPGain Bandwidth ProductV
Input Noise Current Density fo = 1kHz0.19pA/√Hz
Input Resistance1GΩ
Input Voltage RangeV+ = 2.4V to 5.0V0V
V
Ratio
Ratio
= 0V to 5V80
CM
V
= 2.4V to 5V80
+
75
75
100dB
100dB
+
V
Gain ErrorRL = 100kΩ to 2.5V-0.2%
= 1kΩ to VCMISL282740.40
L
ISL284740.40
OUT
= 10mV
; RL = 10kΩ 6MHz
P-P
0.35
0.35
0.50.65
0.70
0.50.7
0.75
V/µs
V/µs
3
FN6345.2
August 17, 2007
ISL28274, ISL28474
Electrical SpecificationsOPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER “B” V
the disabled state; Logic “0” selects the enabled state.
Circuit 2Amplifier enable pin with internal pull-down; Logic “1” selects the
disabled state; Logic “0” selects the enabled state.
Circuit 1Amplifier non-inverting input
Circuit 1Amplifier inverting input
Circuit 3Amplifier output
V
+
IN-
CIRCUIT 1
IN+
V
-
LOGIC
PIN
CIRCUIT 2
Description of Operation and Application
Information
Product Description
The ISL28274 and ISL28474 provide both a micropower
instrumentation amplifier (Amp A) and a low power precision
amplifier (Amp B) in the same package. The amplifiers
deliver rail-to-rail input amplification and rail-to-rail output
swing on a single 2.4V to 5V supply. They also deliver
16
V
+
V
-
CIRCUIT 3
V
OUT
V
-
+
V+
V-
CIRCUIT 4
CAPACITIVELY
COUPLED
ESD CLAMP
excellent DC and AC specifications while consuming only
60µA typical supply current per amplifier. Because the
instrumentation amplifiers provide an independent pair of
feedback terminals to set the gain and to adjust the output
level, the in-amp achieves high common-mode rejection
ratio regardless of the tolerance of the gain setting resistors.
The instrumentation amplifier is internally compensated for a
minimum closed loop gain of 100 or greater. An EN
pin is
used to reduce power consumption, typically 4µA for the
FN6345.2
August 17, 2007
ISL28274, ISL28474
ISL28274 and 8µA for the ISL28474, while both amplifiers
are disabled. The user has independent control of each
amplifier via separate EN
pins.
Input Protection
The input and feedback terminals have internal ESD
protection diodes to both positive and negative supply rails,
limiting the input voltage to within one diode drop beyond the
supply rails. If overdriving the inputs is necessary, the
external input current must never exceed 5mA. An external
series resistor may be used as a protection to limit excessive
external voltage and current from damaging the inputs.
Input Stage and Input Voltage Range
The input terminals (IN+ and IN-) of both amplifiers “A” and
“B” are single differential pair P-MOSFET devices aided by
an Input Range Enhancement Circuit to increase the
headroom of operation of the common-mode input voltage.
The feedback terminals (FB+ and FB-) of amplifier “A” also
have a similar topology. As a result, the input common-mode
voltage range is rail-to-rail. These amps are able to handle
input voltages that are at or slightly beyond the supply and
ground making them well suited for single 5V or 3.3V low
voltage supply systems. There is no need then to move the
common-mode input to achieve symmetrical input voltage.
Output Stage and Output Voltage Range
A pair of complementary MOSFET devices drives the output
V
to within a few mV of the supply rails. At a 100kΩ load,
OUT
the PMOS sources current and pulls the output up to 4mV
below the positive supply, while the NMOS sinks current and
pulls the output down to 3mV above the negative supply, or
ground in the case of a single supply operation. The current
sinking and sourcing capability of the ISL28274 are internally
limited to 31mA.
Gain Setting of Instrumentation amp “A”
VIN, the potential difference across IN+ and IN-, is replicated
(less the input offset voltage) across FB+ and FB-. The goal
of the ISL28274 in-amp is to maintain the differential voltage
across FB+ and FB- equal to IN+ and IN-; (FB+ - FB-) =
(IN+ - IN-). Consequently, the transfer function can be
derived. The gain is set by two external resistors, the
feedback resistor R
and the gain resistor RG.
F,
2.4V TO 5V
7
VIN/2
VIN/2
VCM
RG
16
V
IN+
6
+
IN-
5
-
FB+
3
+
4
FB-
-
+
ISL28274
V
-
8
RF
EN
FIGURE 62. GAIN IS BY EXTERNAL RESISTORS RF AND R
R
⎛⎞
F
VOUT1
--------
+
⎜⎟
⎝⎠
VIN=
R
G
In Figure 62, the FB+ pin and one end of resistor R
AMP “A”
2
G
EN
VOUT
G
(EQ. 1)
are
connected to GND. With this configuration, Equation 1 is
only true for a positive swing in VIN; negative input swings
will be ignored and the output will be at ground.
Reference Connection
Unlike a three-op amp instrumentation amplifier, a finite
series resistance seen at the REF terminal does not degrade
the high CMRR performance, eliminating the need for an
additional external buffer amplifier. Figure 63 uses the FB+
pin to provide a high impedance REF terminal.
VCM
2.4V to 5V
REF
VIN/2
VIN/2
R1
R2
RG
6
5
3
4
2.4V TO 5V
IN+
INFB+
FB-
16
V
+
ISL28274
+
-
V
8
RF
7
EN
+
-
AMP “A”
2
EN
VOUT
17
FIGURE 63. GAIN SETTING AND REFERENCE CONNECTION
VOUT1
R
⎛⎞
F
--------
+
R
VIN()1
G
⎜⎟
⎝⎠
R
⎛⎞
F
--------
+
⎜⎟
⎝⎠
VREF()+=
R
G
(EQ. 2)
The FB+ pin is used as a REF terminal to center or to adjust
the output. Because the FB+ pin is a high impedance input,
an economical resistor divider can be used to set the voltage
at the REF terminal without degrading or affecting the CMRR
performance. Any voltage applied to the REF terminal will
shift V
by resistors R
OUT
by V
times the closed loop gain, which is set
REF
and RG as shown in Figure 63.
F
FN6345.2
August 17, 2007
ISL28274, ISL28474
The FB+ pin can also be connected to the other end of resistor,
R
. See Figure 64. Keeping the basic concept that the in-amps
G
maintain constant differential voltage across the input terminals
and feedback terminals (IN+ - IN- = FB+ - FB-), the transfer
function of Figure 64 can be derived.
2.4V TO 5V
7
VIN/2
VIN/2
VCM
RG
VREF
FIGURE 64. REFERENCE CONNECTION WITH AN AVAILABLE
VREF
R
⎛⎞
F
--------
VOUT1
⎜⎟
⎝⎠
A finite resistance R
output offset of VIN*(R
VIN()VREF()+=
+
R
G
in series with the VREF source, adds an
S
S/RG
16
V
6
IN+
+
5
IN-
-
3
FB+
+
FB-
4
-
+
ISL28274
V
-
8
RF
EN
). As the series resistance RS
AMP “A”
2
EN
VOUT
(EQ. 3)
approaches zero, the gain equation i s simplified to Equa tion 3
for Figure 64. VOUT is simply shifted by an amount VREF.
the in-amp. The proper way to prevent this oscillation is to
short the output to the negative input and ground the positive
input (as shown in Figure 65).
-
+
FIGURE 65. PREVENTING OSCILLATIONS IN UNUSED
CHANNELS
Proper Layout Maximizes Performance
To achieve the maximum performance of the high input
impedance and low offset voltage, care should be taken in
the circuit board layout. The PC board surface must remain
clean and free of moisture to avoid leakage currents
between adjacent traces. Surface coating of the circuit board
will reduce surface moisture and provide a humidity barrier,
reducing parasitic resistance on the board. When input
leakage current is a concern, the use of guard rings around
the amplifier inputs will further reduce leakage currents.
Figure66 shows a guard ring example for a unity gain
amplifier that uses the low impedance amplifier output at the
same voltage as the high impedance input to eliminate
surface leakage. The guard ring does not need to be a
specific width, but it should form a continuous loop around
both inputs. For further reduction of leakage currents,
components can be mounted to the PC board using PTFE
standoff insulators.
External Resistor Mismatches
Because of the independent pair of feedback terminals
provided by the ISL28274, the CMRR is not degraded by
any resistor mismatches. Hence, unlike a three op amp and
especially a two op amp in-amp, the ISL28274 reduces the
cost of external components by allowing the use of 1% or
more tolerance resistors without sacrificing CMRR
performance. The ISL28274 CMRR will be 100dB
regardless of the tolerance of the resistors used.
Disable/Power-Down
The ISL28274 Amplifiers “A” and “B” can be powered down,
reducing the supply current to typically 4µA. When disabled,
the output is in a high impedance state. The active low EN
bar pin has an internal pull-down and hence, can be left
floating and the in-amp and op amp enabled by default.
When EN
will power down when EN
on when EN
is connected to an external logic, the amplifiers
is pulled above 2V, and will power
is pulled below 0.8V.
Using Only the Instrumentation Amplifier
If the application only requires the instrumentation amp, the
user must configure the unused op amp to prevent it from
oscillating. The unused op amp will oscillate if the input and
output pins are floating. This will result in higher than
expected supply currents and possible noise injection into
HIGH IMPEDANCE INPUT
IN
FIGURE 66. GUARD RING EXAMPLE FOR UNITY GAIN
AMPLIFIER
V+
1/2 ISL28274
1/4 ISL28474
Current Limiting
The ISL28274 has no internal current-limiting circuitry. If the
output is shorted, it is possible to exceed the Absolute
Maximum Rating for output current or power dissipation,
potentially resulting in the destruction of the device.
Power Dissipation
It is possible to exceed the +150°C maximum junction
temperatures under certain load and power-supply
conditions. It is therefore important to calculate the
maximum junction temperature (T
to determine if power supply voltages, load conditions, or
package type need to be modified to remain in the safe
operating area. These parameters are related in Equation 4:
) for all applications
JMAX
18
FN6345.2
August 17, 2007
ISL28274, ISL28474
T
JMAXTMAXθJA
xPD
()+=
MAXTOTAL
where:
•PD
MAXTOTAL
is the sum of the maximum power
dissipation of each amplifier in the package (PD
•PD
for each amplifier can be calculated as shown in
MAX
Equation 5:
PD
MAX
2*VSI
( - V
SMAXVS
OUTMAX
)
×+×=
where:
•T
• θ
•PD
•V
•I
•V
= Maximum ambient temperature
MAX
= Thermal resistance of the package
JA
= Maximum power dissipation of 1 amplifier
MAX
= Supply voltage (Magnitude of V+ and V-)
S
= Maximum supply current of 1 amplifier
MAX
OUTMAX
= Maximum output voltage swing of the
application
= Load resistance
•R
L
MAX
V
OUTMAX
----------------------------
R
L
(EQ. 4)
)
(EQ. 5)
19
FN6345.2
August 17, 2007
ISL28274, ISL28474
Quarter Size Outline Plastic Packages Family (QSOP)
1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.006” maximum per side are not
included.
2. Plastic interlead protrusions of 0.010” maximum per side are not
included.
3. Dimensions “D” and “E1” are measured at Datum Plane “H”.
4. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ASME Y14.5M-1994.
TOLERANCE NOTESQSOP16 QSOP24 QSOP28
Rev. F 2/07
GAUGE
PLANE
L
0.010
4°±4°
A2
A1
DETAIL X
All Intersil U.S. products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems.
Intersil Corporation’s quality certifications can be viewed at www.intersil.com/design/quality
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without
notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result
from its use. No license is granted by implicat ion or oth erwise u nde r any p a tent or p at ent r ights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com
20
FN6345.2
August 17, 2007
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