Intersil Corporation HMP8190, HMP8191 Datasheet

HMP8190, HMP8191

Data Sheet May 1999

NTSC/PAL Video Encoder

The HMP8190 and HMP8191 are NTSC and PAL encoders designed for use in systems requiring the generation of highquality NTSC and PAL video.

YCbCr digitalvideodata drive the P0-P15 inputs. The Y data is optionally lowpass ﬁltered to 6MHz and drives the Y analog output. Cb and Cr are each lowpass ﬁltered to

1.3MHz, quadrature modulated, and added together. The result drives the C analog output. The digital Y and C data are also added together and drive the composite analog output.

The DACs can drive doubly-terminated (37.5Ω) lines, and run at a 2x oversampling rate to simplify the analog output ﬁlter requirements.

Applications

• DVD Players

• Video CD Players

File Number

4499.1

Features

• (M) NTSC and (B, D, G, H, I, M, N, NC) PAL Operation

• BT.601 and Square Pixel Operation

• Digital Input Formats

- 8-Bit, 16-Bit 4:2:2 YCbCr

- 8-Bit BT.656

• Composite and Y/C Analog Outputs

• Flexible Video Timing Control

- Timing Master or Slave

- Selectable Polarity on Each Control Signal

- Programmable Blank Output Timing

• “Sliced” VBI Data Support

- Closed Captioning

- Widescreen Signalling (WSS)

• Three 2x Oversampling, 10-Bit DACs

- Fast I

C Interface

• Digital VCRs

• Multimedia PCs

Related Products

- NTSC/PAL Encoders

- HMP8154, HMP8156A

- HMP8170 – HMP8173

• NTSC/PAL Decoders HMP8115, HMP8116

Ordering Information

MACROVISION

PART NUMBER

HMP8190CN No 0 to 70 64 Ld PQFP (Note 2) Q64.14x14 HMP8191CN (Note 1) Yes 0 to 70 64 Ld PQFP (Note 2) Q64.14x14 HMP8190EVAL1 (Note 3) Daughter Card Evaluation Platform.

NOTES:

1. The HMP8191 may be purchased by Macrovision Authorized Buyers only. This device is protected by U.S. patent numbers 4,631,603, 4,577,216, and 4,819,098, and other intellectual property rights. The use of Macrovision’s copy protection technology in the device must be authorized by Macrovision and is intended for home and other limited pay-per-view uses only, unless otherwise authorized in writing by Macrovision. Reverse engineering or disassembly is prohibited.

2. PQFP is also known as QFP and MQFP.

3. Evaluation board descriptions are in the Applications section.

v7.01 TEMP. RANGE (oC) PACKAGE PKG. NO.

CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.

HMP8190, HMP8191

1.195V

INTERNAL

REFERENCE

VBI

DAT A

PROCESSING

MACROVISION

(HMP8191 ONLY)

VREFFSADJUST

DAC

+ +

NTSC/CPAL

DAC

Functional Block Diagram

4:2:2 TO

CONVERSION

4:4:4 SAMPLE

P0 - P15

LP FILTER

(OPTIONAL)

2 X

UPSAMPLE

HOST

INTERFACE

SCL

LP FILTER

Cb/Cr

(4:4:4TO8:8:8)

SDA

RESET

HSYNC

CHROMA

MODULATION

VSYNC

VIDEO

TIMING

BLANK

CONTROL

CLK

FIELD

CLK2

HMP8190, HMP8191

Functional Operation

The HMP8190 and HMP8191 are fully integrated digital encoders. Both accept YCbCr digital video input data and generate analog video output signals. The three outputs are one composite video signal and Y/C (S-Video).

The HMP8190/HMP8191 accepts pixel data in one of several formats and transforms it into 4:4:4 sampled luminance and chrominance (YCbCr) data. The encoder then interpolates the YCbCr data to twice the pixel rate and low pass filters it to match the bandwidth of the video output format. If enabled, the encoder also adds vertical blanking interval (VBI) information to the Y data. At the same time, the encoder modulates the chrominance data with a digitally synthesized subcarrier. Finally, the encoder outputs luminance, chrominance, and their sum as analog signals using 10-bit D/A converters.

The HMP8190/HMP8191 provides operating modes to support all versions of the NTSC and PAL standards and accepts full size input data with rectangular (BT.601) and square pixel aspect ratios. It operates from a single clock at twice the pixel clock rate determined by the operating mode.

The HMP8190/HMP8191’s video timing control is ﬂexible. It may operate as the master, generating the system’s video timing control signals, or it may accept external timing controls. The polarity of the timing controls and the number of active pixels and lines are programmable.

Pixel Data Input

The HMP8190/HMP8191 accepts BT.601 YCbCr pixel data via the P0-P15 input pins. The definition of each pixel input pin is determined by the input format selected in the input format register. The definition f or each mode is sho wn in Table 1.

The YCbCr luminance and color difference signals are each 8 bits, scaled 0to 255. The nominal range for Y is 16 (black) to 235 (white). Y values less than 16 are clamped to 16; values greater than 235 are processed normally. The nominal range for Cb and Cr is 16 to 240 with 128 representing zero. Cb and Cr values outside their nominal range are processed normally. Note that when converted to the analog outputs, some combinations of YCbCr outside their nominal ranges would generate a composite video signal larger than the analog output limit. The composite signal will be clipped but the S-video outputs (Y and C) will not be.

The color difference signals are time multiplexed into one 8-bit bus beginning with a Cb sample. The Y and CbCr busses may be input in parallel (16-bit mode) or may be time multiplexed and input as a single bus (8-bit mode). The single bus may also contain SAV and EAV video timing reference codes or ancillary data (BT.656 mode).

TABLE 1. PIXEL DATA INPUT FORMATS

NAME

P0 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7

P9 P10 P11 P12 P13 P14 P15

16-BIT

4:2:2

YCBCR

Cb0, Cr0 Cb1, Cr1 Cb2, Cr2 Cb3, Cr3 Cb4, Cr4 Cb5, Cr5 Cb6, Cr6 Cb7, Cr7

Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7

8-BIT

4:2:2

YCBCR BT.656

Ignored

Y0, Cb0, Cr0 Y1, Cb1, Cr1 Y2, Cb2, Cr2 Y3, Cb3, Cr3 Y4, Cb4, Cr4 Y5, Cb5, Cr5 Y6, Cb6, Cr6 Y7, Cb7, Cr7

YCbCr Data,

SAV and EAV

Sequences,

Ancillary Data

and

Pixel Input and Control Signal Timing

The pixel input timing and the video control signal input/output timing of the HMP8190/HMP8191 depend on the part’s operating mode. The periods when the encoder samples its inputs and generates its outputs are summarized in Table 2.

Figures 1, 2, and 3 show the timing of CLK, CLK2, and the pixel input data with respect to each other. may be an input or an output; the ﬁgures show both. When it is an input,

BLANK must arrive coincident with the pixelinput

data; all are sampled at the same time. When

BLANK is an output, its timing with respect to the pixel inputs depends on the blank timing select bit in the timing_I/O_1 register. If the bit is cleared, the HMP8190/HMP8191 negates

BLANK one CLK cycle before

it samples the pixel inputs. If the bit is set, the encoder negates

BLANK during the same CLK cycle in which it samples the input data. In effect, the input data must arrive one CLK cycle earlier than when the bit is cleared. This mode is not shown in the ﬁgures.

BLANK, BLANK

TABLE 2. PIXEL INPUT AND CONTROL SIGNAL I/O TIMING

INPUT PIXEL DATA

INPUT FORMAT

16-Bit YCbCr Rising edge of CLK2 when CLK is low Rising edge of CLK2

8-Bit YCbCr Every rising edge of

BT.656 Every rising edge of

NOTE: Video timing control signals include HSYNC, VSYNC, BLANK and FIELD. The sync and blanking I/O directions are independent; FIELD is always an output.

SAMPLE

CLK2

VIDEO TIMING CONTROL (NOTE 1) CLK FREQUENCY

INPUT SAMPLE OUTPUT ON INPUT OUTPUT

One-half CLK2

when CLK is high.

Every rising edge of CLK2

Not Allowed Any rising edge of CLK2 Ignored One-half CLK2

Any rising edge of CLK2 Ignored One-half CLK2

HMP8190, HMP8191

8-Bit YCbCr Format

When 8-bit YCbCr format is selected, the data is latched on each rising edge of CLK2. The pixel data must be [Cb Y Cr Y’ Cb Y Cr Y’ . . . ], with the ﬁrst active data each scan line being Cb data. The pixel input timing is shown in Figure 1.

As inputs, each rising edge of CLK2. As outputs,

BLANK, HSYNC, and VSYNC are latched on

BLANK, HSYNC, and VSYNC are output following the rising edge of CLK2. If the CLK pin is conﬁgured as an input, it is ignored. If conﬁgured as an output, it is one-half the CLK2 frequency.

16-Bit YCbCr Format

When 16-bit YCbCr format is selected, the pixel data is latched on the rising edge of CLK2 while CLK is low. The pixel input timing is shown in Figure 2.

As inputs, rising edge of CLK2 while CLK is low. As outputs, VSYNC, and BLANK are output following the rising edge of CLK2 while CLK is high. In these modes of operation, CLK is one-half the CLK2 frequency.

BLANK, HSYNC, and VSYNC are latched on the

HSYNC,

CLK2

8-Bit BT.656 Format

When BT.656 format is selected, data is latched on each rising edge of CLK2. The pixel input timing is shown in Figure 3. The ﬁgure shows the EAV code at the end of the line. The format of the SAV and EAV codes are shown in Table 3.

The BT.656 input may also include ancillary datato load the VBI or RTCI data registers. The HMP8190/HMP8191 will use the ancillary data when enabled in the VBI data input and timing I/O registers. The ancillary data formats and the enable registers are described later in this datasheet.

As inputs, the ignored since all timing is derived from the EAV and SAV sequences within the data stream. As outputs, HSYNC and VSYNC are output following the rising edge of CLK2. If the CLK pin is conﬁgured as an input, it is ignored. If conﬁgured as an output, it is one-half the CLK2 frequency.

BLANK, HSYNC, and VSYNC pins are

BLANK,

P8-P15

BLANK

(INPUT)

BLANK

(OUTPUT)

CLK2

CLK

P8-P15

BLANK

(INPUT)

BLANK

(OUTPUT)

Cb 0 Y 0 Cr 0 Y 1 Cb 2 Y 2

FIGURE 1. PIXEL INPUT TIMING - 8-BIT YCBCR

Y 0Y 1Y 2Y 3Y 4Y 5

Cb 0 Cr 0 Cb 2 Cr 2 Cb 4 Cr 4P0-P7

Y N

Cr N-1

FIGURE 2. PIXEL INPUT TIMING - 16-BIT YCBCR

CLK2

HMP8190, HMP8191

P8-P15 “FF” "00"

BLANK

(OUTPUT)

Preamble Word 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Preamble Word 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Preamble Word 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Status Word 1 F V H P3 P2 P1 P0 NOTE:

F: 0 = Field 1; 1 = Field 2 V: 0 = Active Line; 1 = Vertical Blanking H: 0 = Start Active Video; 1 = End Active Video P3 - P0: Protection bits; Ignored

Video Timing Control

The pixel input data and the output video timing of the HMP8190/HMP8191 are at 50 or 59.94 ﬁelds per second interlaced. The timing is controlled by the VSYNC, FIELD, and CLK2 pins.

HSYNC, VSYNC, and Field Timing

The leading edge of HSYNC indicates the beginning of a horizontal sync interval. If for about 4.7µs. If least two CLK2 periods. The width of the analog horizontal

Cb 2 Y 2 Cr 2 Y 3 Cb 4 Y 4

FIGURE 3. PIXEL INPUT TIMING - BT.656

TABLE 3. BT.656 EAV AND SAV SEQUENCES

PIXEL INPUT P15 P14 P13 P12 P11 P10 P9 P8

“00” EAV “10” “10”“80”

The HMP8190/HMP8191 provides programmable timing for the

VSYNC input. At the active edge of VSYNC, the encoder

resets its vertical half-line counter to the value speciﬁed by

BLANK, HSYNC,

the ﬁeld control register. This allows the input and output syncs to be offset, although the data must still be aligned.

The FIELD signal is always an output and changes state near each leading edge of

VSYNC. The delay between the

syncs and FIELD depends on the encoder’s operating mode

HSYNC is an output, it is asserted

HSYNC is an input, it must be active for at

as summarized in Table 4. In modes in which the encoder uses CLK to gate its inputs and outputs, the FIELD signal may be delayed 0-12 additional CLK2 periods.

sync tip is determined from the video standard and does not depend on the width of

HSYNC.

The leading edge of VSYNC indicates the beginning of a vertical sync interval. If

VSYNC is an output, it is asserted for 3 scan lines in (MM) NTSC and (M, N) PAL modes or 2.5 scan lines in (B, D, G, H, I, NC) PAL modes. If

VSYNC is an

input, it must be asserted for at least two CLK2 periods. When

HSYNC and VSYNC are conﬁgured as outputs, their leading edges will occur simultaneously at the start of an odd ﬁeld. At the start of an even ﬁeld, the leading edge of VSYNC occurs in the middle of the line.

When HSYNC and VSYNC are conﬁgured as inputs, the HMP8190/HMP8191 provides a programmable

HSYNC window for determining FIELD. The window is speciﬁed with respect to the leading or trailing edge of is selected in the ﬁeld control register. When

VSYNC. The edge

HSYNC is found inside the window, then the encoder sets FIELD to the value speciﬁed in the ﬁeld control register.

OPERATING MODE

SYNC I/O

DIRECTION

Input Input 148 FIELD lags VSYNC switch-

Input Output 138 FIELD lags VSYNC.

Output Don’t Care 32 FIELD leads VSYNC.

Figure 4 illustrates the timing for (M) NTSC and (M, N) PAL. Figure 5 illustrates the general timing for (B, D, G, H, I, NC) PAL. In the ﬁgures, all the signals are shown active low (their reset state), and FIELD is low during odd ﬁelds.

TABLE 4. FIELD OUTPUT TIMING

BLANK I/O

DIRECTION

CLK2

DELAY COMMENTS

ing from odd to even. FIELD lags the earlier of VSYNC and HSYNC when syncs are aligned when switching from even to odd.

HSYNC, VSYNC, and FIELD general

HSYNC

VSYNC

HMP8190, HMP8191

There must be an even number of active and total pixels per line. In the 8-bit YCbCr modes, the number of active and total pixels per line must be a multiple of four. Note that if BLANK is an output, half-line blanking on the output video cannot be done.

FIELD

FIGURE 4A. BEGINNING AN ODD FIELD

HSYNC

VSYNC

FIELD

FIGURE 4B. BEGINNING AN EVEN FIELD

FIGURE 4. HSYNC, VSYNC, AND FIELD TIMING FOR

(M) NTSC AND (M, N) PAL

HSYNC

VSYNC

FIELD

FIGURE 5A. BEGINNING AN ODD FIELD

The HMP8190/HMP8191 never adds the programmable blanking setup during the active line time on scanlines 1-21 and 263-284 for (M) NTSC, scan lines 523-18 and 260-281 for (M) PAL, and scan lines 623-22 and 311-335 for (B, D, G, H, I, N) PAL, allowing the generation of video test signals, timecode, and other information by controlling the pixel inputs appropriately.

The relative timing of

BLANK, HSYNC, and theoutput video depends on the blanking and sync I/O directions. The typical timing relation is shown in Figure 6. The delays which vary with operating mode are indicated. The width of the composite sync tip and the location and duration of the color burst are ﬁxed based on the video format.

COMPOSITE

VIDEO OUT

HSYNC

BLANK

DATA PIPE

DELAY

START H BLANK

SYNC DELAY

HSYNC

VSYNC

FIELD

FIGURE 5B. BEGINNING AN EVEN FIELD

FIGURE 5.

HSYNC, VSYNC, AND FIELD TIMING FOR (B, D, G, H, I, NC) PAL

BLANK TIMING

The encoder uses the

HSYNC, VSYNC, FIELD signals to generate a standard composite video waveform with no active video (black burst). The signal includes only sync tips, color burst, and optionally, a 7.5 IRE blanking setup. Based on the

BLANK signal, the encoder adds the pixel input data

to the video waveform. The encoder ignores the pixel input data when

BLANK is asserted. Instead of the input data, the encoder generates the blanking level. The encoder also ignores the pixel inputs when generating VBI data on a speciﬁc line, even if

BLANK

is negated.

FIGURE 6. HSYNC, BLANK, AND OUTPUT VIDEO TIMING,

NORMAL MODE

When BLANK is an output, the encoder asserts it during the inactive portions of active scan lines (horizontal blanking) and for all of each inactive scan line (vertical blanking). The inactive scan lines blanked each ﬁeld are determined by the start_v_blank and end_v_blank registers. The inactive portion of active scan lines is determined by the start_h_blank and end_h_blank registers.

The zero count for horizontal blanking is 32 CLK2 cycles before the 50% point of the composite sync. From this zero point, the HMP8190/HMP8191 counts every other CLK2 cycle. When the count reaches the value in the start_h_blank register, the encoder negates

BLANK. When the count reaches the value in the end_h_blank register, BLANK is asserted. There may be an additional 0-3 CLK2 delays in modes which use CLK.

The data pipeline delay through the HMP8190/HMP8191 is 26 CLK2 cycles. In operating modes which use CLK to gate the inputs into the encoder, the delay may be an additional 07 CLK2 cycles. The delay from BLANK to the start or end of active video is an additional one-half CLK cycle when the blank timing select bit is cleared. The active video may also appear to end early or start late since the HMP8190/HMP8191 controls the blanking edge rates.

PIXELS PER LINE HBLANK REGISTER VALUES VBLANK REGISTER VALUES

VIDEO STANDARD

RECTANGULAR PIXELS (BT.601)

(M) NTSC

(B, D, G, H, I) PAL

(M) PAL (N) PAL

(NC) PAL

SQUARE PIXELS

(M) NTSC

(B, D, G, H, I) PAL

(M) PAL (N) PAL

(NC) PAL

858 864 858 864 864

780 944 780 944 944

HMP8190, HMP8191

TABLE 5. TYPICAL VIDEO TIMING PARAMETERS

720 720 720 720 720

640 768 640 768 768

842 (0x34a) 853 (0x355) 842 (0x34a) 853 (0x355) 853 (0x355)

758 (0x2f6)

923 (0x39b)

758 (0x2f6) 923 (0x39b) 923 (0x39b)

122 (0x7a) 133 (0x85) 122 (0x7a) 133 (0x85) 133 (0x85)

118 (0x76) 155 (0x9b) 118 (0x76) 155 (0x9b) 155 (0x9b)

259 (0x103) 310 (0x136) 259 (0x103) 309 (0x135) 310 (0x136)

19 (0x13) 22 (0x16) 19 (0x13) 21 (0x15) 22 (0x16)

CLK2 (MHz)TOTAL ACTIVE START END START END

27.0

24.54

29.5

24.54

29.5

The delay from the active edge of HSYNC to the 50% point of the composite sync is 4-39 CLK2 cycles depending on the HMP8190/HMP8191 operating mode. The delay is shortest when the encoder is the timing master; it is longest when in slave mode.

CLK2 Input Timing

The CLK2 input clocks all of the HMP8190/HMP8191, including its video timing counters. For proper operation, all of the HMP8190/HMP8191 inputs must be synchronous with CLK2. The frequency of CLK2 depends on the device’s operating mode and the total number of pixels per line. The standard clock frequencies are shown in Table 5.

Note that the color subcarrier is derived from the CLK2 input. Any jitter on CLK2 will be transferred to the color subcarrier , resulting in color changes. Just 400ps of jitter on CLK2 causes up to a 1 degree color subcarrier phase shift. Thus, CLK2 should be derived from a stableclock source, such as a crystal. The use of a PLL to generate CLK2 is not recommended.

Video Processing

Upsampling

The encoder begins the video processing with the pixel input data. It converts the 4:2:2 YCbCr data to 4:4:4 data. The conversion is done by 2x upsampling the Cb and Cr data. The CbCr upsampling function uses linear interpolation. The HMP8190/HMP8191 then upsamples the 4:4:4 data to generate 8:8:8 data. Again, the encoder uses linear interpolation for the upsampling.

Horizontal Filtering

Unless disabled, the HMP8190/HMP8191 lowpass ﬁlters the Y data to 6.0MHz. Lowpass ﬁltering Y removes any aliasing artifacts due to the upsampling process, and simpliﬁes the analog output ﬁlters. The Y 6.0MHz lowpass ﬁlter response is shown in Figure 8. At this point, the HMP8190/HMP8191 also scales the Y data to generate the proper output levels for the various video standards.

The HMP8190/HMP8191 lowpass ﬁlters the Cb and Cr data to 1.3MHz prior to modulation. The lowpass ﬁltering removes any aliasing artifacts due to the upsampling process (simplifying the analog output ﬁlters) and also properly bandwidth-limits Cb and Cr prior to modulation. The chrominance ﬁltering is not optional like luminance ﬁltering. The Cb and Cr 1.3MHz lowpass ﬁlter response is shown in Figure 9.

Color Subcarrier Generation

The HMP8190/HMP8191 uses a numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) clocked by CLK2 and a sine look up ROMto generate the color subcarrier. As shown in Figure 7, the phase increment value (PHINC) ofthe NCO may come from the encoder’s internal look up table, BT.656ancillary data, or a control register. The PHINC source is selected in timing I/O register 2.

INTERNAL

BT.656

PHINC

SELECT

FIGURE 7. COLOR SUBCARRIER GENERATION NCO

PHINC

CLK2

NCO RESET

PHINT

HMP8190, HMP8191

PAL SQUARE PIXEL

-10 CLK2 = 29.50MHz

NTSC OR PAL

-20

RECTANGULAR PIXEL CLK2 = 27.00MHz

-30 NTSC SQUARE PIXEL CLK2 = 24.54MHz

-40

ATTENUATION (dB)

-50

-60

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

FREQUENCY (MHz)

FIGURE 8A. FULL SPECTRUM FIGURE 8B. PASS BAND

-10

-20

-30

-40

ATTENUATION (dB)

-50

NTSC OR PAL RECTANGULAR PIXEL CLK2 = 27.00MHz

NTSC SQUARE PIXEL

CLK2 = 24.54MHz

PAL SQUARE PIXEL CLK2 = 29.50MHz

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

-2.0

ATTENUATION (dB)

-2.5

-3.0 01234567

FIGURE 8. Y LOWPASS FILTER RESPONSE

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

-2.0

-2.5

ATTENUATION (dB)

-3.0

-3.5

PAL SQUARE PIXEL CLK2 = 29.50MHz

NTSC OR PAL RECTANGULAR PIXEL CLK2 = 27.00MHz

NTSC SQUARE PIXEL CLK2 = 24.54MHz

FREQUENCY (MHz)

NTSC OR PAL RECTANGULAR PIXEL CLK2 = 27.00MHz

NTSC SQUARE PIXEL CLK2 = 24.54MHz

PAL SQUARE PIXEL CLK2 = 29.50MHz

-60 024681012

FREQUENCY (MHz)

FIGURE 9A. FULL SPECTRUM

FIGURE 9. Cb AND Cr LOWPASS FILTER RESPONSE

The MSBs of the accumulated phase value (PHINT) are used to address the encoder’s sine look up ROM. The sine values from the ROM are pre-scaled to generate the proper levelsforthe various video standards. Prescaling outside the CbCr data path minimizes color processing artifacts. The HMP8190/HMP8191 modulates the ﬁltered 8:8:8 chrominance data with the synthesized subcarrier.

The SCH phase is 0 degrees after reset but then changes monotonically over time due to residue in the NCO. In an ideal system, zero SCH phase would be maintained forever. In reality, this is impossible to achieve due to pixel clock frequency tolerances and digital rounding errors. When the PHINC source is BT.656 data, the SCH phase reset should be disabled.

If enabled, the HMP8190/HMP8191 resets the NCO periodically to avoid an accumulation of SCH phase error. The reset occurs at the beginning of each ﬁeld to burst phase sequence. The sequence repeats every 4 ﬁelds for NTSC or 8 ﬁelds for PAL.

-4.0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

FREQUENCY (MHz)

1.4 1.6

FIGURE 9B. PASS BAND

Resetting the SCH phase every four ﬁelds (NTSC) or eight ﬁelds (PAL) avoids the accumulation of SCH phase error at the expense of requiring any NTSC/PAL decoder after the encoder be able to handle very minor “jumps” (up to 2 degrees) in the SCH phase at the beginning of each fourﬁeld or eight-ﬁeld sequence. Most NTSC/PAL decoders are able to handle this due to video editing requirements.

Composite Video Limiting

The HMP8190/HMP8191 adds the luminance and modulated chrominance together with the sync, color burst, and optional blanking pedestal to form the composite video data. If enabled in the video processing register,the encoder limits the active video so that it is always greater than oneeighth of full scale. This corresponds to approximately onehalf the sync height. This allows the generation of “safe” video in the event non-standard YCbCr values are input to the device.

HMP8190, HMP8191

Controlled Edges

The NTSC and PAL video standards specify edge rates and rise and fall times for portions of the video waveform. The HMP8190/HMP8191 automatically implements controlled edge rates and rise and fall times on these edges:

1. Analog horizontal sync (rising and falling edges)

2. Analog vertical sync interval (rising and falling edges)

3. Color burst envelope

4. Blanking of analog active video

5. Closed captioning information

6. WSS Information

“Sliced” VBI Data

The HMP8190/HMP8191 generates two types of vertical blanking interval data: closed captioning and widescreen signalling. The data is generated when enabled in the VBI data control register. It is placed on the scan lines speciﬁed bythe selected output video standard. During scan lines with VBI data, the pixel inputs are ignored.

Closed Captioning (CC)

The HMP8190/HMP8191 captioning data output includes clock run-in and start bits followed by the captioning data. During closed captioning encoding, the pixel inputs are ignored on the scan lines containing captioning information.

The HMP8190/HMP8191 has two 16-bit registers containing the captioning information. Each 16-bit register is organized as two cascaded 8-bit registers. One 16-bit register (caption

21) is read out serially during line 18, 21 or 22; the other 16-bit register (WSS 284) is read out serially during line 281, 284 or 335. The data registers are shifted out LSB ﬁrst.

The captioning output level is 50 IRE for a logic 1 and 0 IRE for a logic 0. All transitions between levels are controlled to have a raised-cosine shape. The rise or fall time of any transition is 240-288ns.

The caption data registers may be loaded via the I or as BT.656 ancillary data. T ab le 6 illustr ates the f ormat of the caption data as BT.656 ancillary data. The transfer should occur only once per field before the start of the SAV sequence of the line containing the captioning output.

When written via the I in any order but both must be written within one frame time for proper operation. If the registers are not updated, the encoder resends the previously loaded values.

C interface, the bytes may be written

C interface

Captioning information may be enabled for either line, both lines, or no lines. The captioning modes are summarized in Table 7.

Widescreen Signalling (WSS)

The HMP8190/HMP8191 WSS data output includes clock runin and start codes followed by the WSS data. For NTSC operation, the WSS data is followed b y six bits of CRC data.

The HMP8190/HMP8191 has two 14-bit registers containing the WSS information and two 6-bit registers containing the WSS CRC data. Each 14-bit register is organized as a 6-bit register cascaded with an 8-bit one. One 14-bit register (WSS

20) is read out serially during line 17, 20 or 23; the other 14-bit register (caption 283) is read out serially during line 280, 283 or 336. The data registers are shifted out LSB first.

The WSS output level depends on the video f ormat. F or NTSC operation (EIAJ CPX-1204), the WSS output level is 70 IRE for a logic 1 and 0 IRE for a logic 0. All transitions between levels are controlled to have a raised-cosine shape with a rise or fall time of 240ns. For PAL operation (ITU-R BT.1119), the WSS output level is 71.5 IRE for a logic 1 and 0 IRE for a logic 0. All transitions between le vels are controlled to have a raised-cosine shape with a rise or fall time of 118ns.

The WSS data registers may be loaded via the I or as BT.656 ancillary data. Table 8 illustrates the format of the WSS data as BT.656 ancillary data. The transfer should occur only once per ﬁeld before the start of the SAV sequence of the line containing the WSS output.

When written via the I in any order but all three bytes of each enabled line must be written within one frame time for proper operation. If the registers are not updated, the encoder resends the previously loaded values.

The HMP8190/HMP8191 provides a write status bit for each WSS line. The encoder clears the write status bit to ‘0’ when WSS is enabled and all bytes of theWSS data register have been written. The encoder sets the write status bit to ‘1’ after it outputs the data, indicating the registers are ready to receive new data.

WSS information may be enabled for either line, both lines, or no lines. The WSS modes are summarized in Table 9.

C interface, the bytes may be written

C interface

The HMP8190/HMP8191 provides a write status bit for each captioning line. The encoder clears the write status bit to ‘0’ when captioning is enabled and both bytes of the captioning data register have been written. The encoder sets the write status bit to ‘1’ after it outputs the data, indicating the registers are ready to receive new data.

HMP8190, HMP8191

TABLE 6. BT.656 ANCILLARY DATA FORMAT FOR CLOSED CAPTIONING DATA

PIXEL INPUT P15 P14 P13 P12 P11 P10 P9 P8

Preamble 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Preamble 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Preamble 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Data ID ep# ep 1 1 0 0 0 Line

Data Block Number ep# ep 0 0 0 0 0 1

Data Word Count ep# ep 0 0 0 0 0 1 Caption Register Byte 3 ep# ep 0 0 bit 15 bit 14 bit 13 bit 12 Caption Register Byte 1 ep# ep 0 0 bit 11 bit 10 bit 9 bit 8 Caption Register Byte 1 ep# ep 0 0 bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 Caption Register Byte 0 ep# ep 0 0 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0

CRC P14# X X X X X X X

NOTE: The even parity (EP and EP#) bits are ignored. Line = Data Register Select: 0 = Line 21; 1 = 284. X = Don’t Care.

TABLE 7. CLOSED CAPTIONING MODES

CLOSED

CAPTIONING

ENABLE BITS OUTPUT LINE(S)

00 None Ignored Ignored Always 1 Always 1 01 21 (NTSC)

18 (M PAL) 22 (Other PAL)

10 284 (NTSC)

281 (M PAL) 335 (Other PAL)

11 21, 284 (NTSC)

18, 281 (M PAL) 22, 335 (Other PAL)

TABLE 8. BT.656 ANCILLARY DATA FORMAT FOR WIDESCREEN SIGNALLING DATA

PIXEL INPUT P15 P14 P13 P12 P11 P10 P9 P8

Preamble 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Preamble 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Preamble 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Data ID ep# ep 1 1 0 0 1 Line

Data Block Number ep# ep 0 0 0 0 0 1

Data Word Count ep# ep 0 0 0 0 1 0

WSS Data Nibble 3 ep# ep 0 0 0 0 bit 13 bit 12 WSS Data Nibble 2 ep# ep 0 0 bit 11 bit 10 bit 9 bit 8 WSS Data Nibble 1 ep# ep 0 0 bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 WSS Data Nibble 0 ep# ep 0 0 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 WSS CRC Nibble 1 ep# ep 0 0 0 0 bit 5 bit 4 WSS CRC Nibble 0 ep# ep 0 0 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0

Reserved ep# ep 0 0 0 0 0 0 Reserved ep# ep 0 0 0 0 0 0

CRC P14# X X X X X X X

NOTE: The even parity (EP and EP#) bits are ignored. Line = Data Register Select: 0 = Line 20; 1 = 283. The WSS CRC data bits are ignored during PAL operation but must be included in the transfer. X = Don’t Care.

CAPTIONING REGISTER WRITE STATUS BIT

284A 284B

Ignored Caption Data Always 1 0 = Loaded

Caption Data Ignored 0 = Loaded

Caption Data Caption Data 0 = Loaded

21A 21B 284 21

1 = Output

Always 1

0 = Loaded

1 = Output

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