101 N.Sepulveda Blvd, EL Segundo 90245 California, USA
IRAC27951-220W
IRS27951 Evaluation Board
User Guide
Rev. 4.0 5/22/2010 International Rectifier Page 1 of 16
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION - This document and the information contained therein are proprietary and are not to be reproduced, used or disclosed
to others for manufacture or any other purpose except as specifically authorized in writing by
Rev. 4.0 5/22/2010 International Rectifier Page 2 of 16
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION - This document and the information contained therein are proprietary and are not to be reproduced, used or disclosed
to others for manufacture or any other purpose except as specifically authorized in writing by
INTERNATIONAL RECTIFIER.
Page 3
1 INTRODUCTION
This document details the test procedure for validation of IRS27951 Evaluation Board, featuring the
IRS27951 Resonant Half Bridge controller HVIC. The document includes schematic diagram, test
setup, test procedure, and test results.
2 IRS27951/2 DESCRIPTION
The IRS2795 is an 8 pin, high-voltage, double-ended controller specific for the resonant half-bridge topology. It
provides 50% complementary duty cycle; the high-side and the low-side devices are driven 180° out-of-p hase
for exactly the same time. The IC incorporates additional protection features for robust operation and provides
a high performance solution while minimizing external components, design time, and printed circuit board real
estate, all in an 8 pin SOIC package.
The IC enables the designer to externally program all the following features using a 2 pin oscillator - operating
frequency range (minimum and maximum frequency), startup frequency, dead time, soft-start time and sleep
mode. Each of these functions are programmed as follows –
The minimum frequency is programmed using RT and CT.
The dead time is programmed using CT.
RSS and CSS program the converter soft-start time.
RSS//RT and CT program the converter start-up frequency.
The converter maximum frequency is set by (Rmax//RT) and CT.
Sleep mode is initiated by pulling the CT/SD to COM.
At start-up, to prevent uncontrolled inrush current, the switching frequency starts from a programmable
maximum value and progressively decays until it reaches the steady-state value determined by the control
loop. This frequency shift is non linear to minimize output voltage overshoot and its duration is programmable
as well. Output voltage regulation is obtained by modulating the operating frequency. An externally
programmable dead time is inserted between the turn-OFF of one switch and the turn-ON of the other one
allows device zero-voltage turn-on transitions.
IRS2795 uses IR’s proprietary high-voltage technology to implement a VS sensing circuitry that monitors the
current through the low-side half bridge MOSFET for short circuit faults. By using the R
MOSFET, the IRS2795 eliminates the need for an additional current sensing resistor, filter and current-sensing
pin. This protection feature is latched and the thresholds are fixed at 2V for IRS27951 and 3V for IRS27952.
Finally, the controller IC also features a micro power startup current (ICC<100µA) and a user initiated sleep
mode during which the IC power consumption is less than 200µA (@ Vcc=15V). The sleep mode function
allows system designs with reduced standby power consumption and can be used to meet stringent energy
standards from Blue Angel, Energy Star etc.
of the low-side
DSON
Rev. 4.0 5/22/2010 International Rectifier Page 3 of 16
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION - This document and the information contained therein are proprietary and are not to be reproduced, used or disclosed
to others for manufacture or any other purpose except as specifically authorized in writing by
INTERNATIONAL RECTIFIER.
Page 4
3 EVALUATION BOARD1 SPECIFICATIONS
Input Voltage...……….………………………………………………………….. ….280VAC or 400V DC
AC Line Frequency Range…………………………………………………………..47 – 63Hz
Converter Switching Frequency Range……………………………………….. ….70-150 kHz
Maximum Output Power…………………………………………………………......220W
Minimum Load Requirement…………………………………………………………None
Maximum Ambient Operating Temperature………………………………………..40°C2
Efficiency (@ 220W)……...…………………………………………… ……….….. 92%
Short Circuit Protection on both Output Rails...………………………………….. Yes
Single Layer PCB with 2oz Copper
There are high voltages present whenever the board is energized and proper precautions should be
taken to avoid potential shock and personal injury.
3.1 Board Description
The evaluation board consists of a front-end AC-DC rectifier stage cascaded with a half-bridge resonant DCDC converter with multiple output voltage rails (24V and 12V). The front end is a conventional rectifier stage
with a rectifier bridge and an EMI filter.
The downstream converter is a multi-resonant half bridge LLC converter whose control is implemented with the
IRS27951 (U1) controller HVIC. The controller drives the two half-bridge MOSFETs with a 50 percent fixed
duty cycle with dead-time, changing the frequency according to the feedback signal in order to regulate the
output voltages against load and input voltage variations. As described earlier, in addition to current protection,
all the critical functions needed to control resonant converter designs can be externally programmed using this
8 pin controller IC.
The transformer uses the magnetic integration approach, incorporating the resonant series and shunt
inductances in the power transformer. The transformer configuration chosen for the secondary winding is
center-tap, and the output rectifiers are Schottky diodes. The feedback loop is implemented by means of a
classical configuration using a TL431 (U3) to adjust the current in the optocoupler TLP621 (U2). Weighted
resistive dividers from both voltages are summed at the reference node of the TL431 in order to achieve a
1
Please note that EMI measurements have not been performed on this evaluation board. The primary goal of this board is to verify the functionality of
the IRS27951 controller IC.
2
A fan is recommended whenever operating at the maximum load for a prolonged period of time.
Rev. 4.0 5/22/2010 International Rectifier Page 4 of 16
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION - This document and the information contained therein are proprietary and are not to be reproduced, used or disclosed
to others for manufacture or any other purpose except as specifically authorized in writing by
INTERNATIONAL RECTIFIER.
Page 5
RT
CT
1
1
D5
Rstart1
Rstart2
270k
270k
GBU4J-BPMS-ND
RNTC
265VAC
5
t°
JP1
2
1
Header 3
C1
R1
DNP
F1
N
5A/250V
B1
213
L1
C2
0.1uF/275V-X2
4
0.1uF/275V-X2
C3
0.33uF/630V
+
270uF/450V
C4
VCC
Rdisch
JP3
CDC
510K
2
1
Header 2
COM
33uF/35V
Rvcc
Rstart3
270k
22
1N4148
VCC
DSS
CVcc1
+
RSS
RMAX
CVcc2
1uF
100nF
Dz
18V
RT
3.9k
18k
CT
1N4148
15k
CSS
1uF
HO
1
Dbs
MURS160
U1
1
VCC
2
RT
3
CT/SD
COM4LO
IRS2795
390pF
Dg1
1N4148
8
VB
Cbs
7
HO
220nF
6
VS
5
Dg2
1
1N4148
LO
COM
1
Vbus
STF13NM50N
Rx1
Q1
4.7
Rx2
4.7
DNP = Do Not Populate
Rgs1
DNP
STF13NM50N
Q2
Rgs2
DNP
VS
VTR
1
1
Cr
W1
Jumper
22nF/1kV
610uH
1
COM
Cs
2.2nF/250V
U2
Rg1
22
Rg2
22
9
TX
7
2
5
TLP621
20
19
18
17
14
13
12
11
DNP=Do not Populate
D1
V30100S
Cout1
Cout2
+
D2
V30100S
D3
20TQ040
D4
20TQ040
Rled2
5.6k
Rbias2
Rbias1
2.2k
DNP
COMP
1
U3
TL431
1mF/35V
1mF/35V
Cout6
Cout7
+
1.5mF/25V
1.5mF/25V
Rled1
2.2k
Cf1 DNP
Cf2
Rf2
47k
100nF
3.3uH/10ALf1
Cout3
+
+
Rs4
15k
Rs5
3.9k
Cout4
+
+
Cout5
Rprl1
100nF
1mF/35V
Rs1
33k
FB
Rs2
1
0
Rs3
3.74k
560
1mF/35V
3.3uH/10ALf2
Cout8
+
Cout9
Rprl2
470
1000uF/25V
100nF
24V
1
JP4
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
Header 6
1
COM2
12V
1
JP5
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
Header 6
1
COM2
INTERNATIONAL RECTIFIER.
Figure 1 – Evaluation Board Schematic
Rev. 4.0 5/22/2010 International Rectifier Page 5 of 16
better overall output voltage regulation. The optocoupler transistor modulates the current from the RT pin of the
controller IC to modulate the switching frequency, thus achieving output voltage regulation.
3.2 Schematic
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION - This document and the information contained therein are proprietary and are not to be reproduced, used or disclosed
to others for manufacture or any other purpose except as specifically authorized in writing by
Page 6
3.3 Evaluation Board Picture
Figure 2 – Evaluation Board Photo
3.4 Board Component Placement
Figure 3 – Evaluation Board Component Placement
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to others for manufacture or any other purpose except as specifically authorized in writing by
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Page 7
3.5 Board PCB Layout
Figure 4 - Board Bottom Layer Copper
Rev. 4.0 5/22/2010 International Rectifier Page 7 of 16
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to others for manufacture or any other purpose except as specifically authorized in writing by
INTERNATIONAL RECTIFIER.
Page 8
3.6 Bill of Materials
DesignatorDescriptionQuantityValue/RatingVendorPart#
B1Single Phase Bridge Rectifier1600V/4ADIGIKEYGBU4J-BPMS-ND
C1, C2X2 Safety Capacitor2100nF/275VACDIGIKEYP10524-ND
C3Metal Poly Capacitor10.33uF/630VDIGIKEYP12245-ND
C4Electrolytic Bulk Capacitor TS-HC1270uF/450VDIGIKEYEET-HC2W271LA
Cbs1206 General Purpose Ceramic SMD1220nF/50VDIGIKEY490-1776-1-ND
Cf2, Cout5, Cout9, CVcc21206 General Purpose Ceramic SMD4100nF/50VDIGIKEY490-1775-1-ND
CDCElectrolytic Capacitor FM Radial133uF/35VDIGIKEYP13475-ND
Cf1Not Used
Cout1, Cout2, Cout3, Cout4Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitor 105°C41000uF/35VDIGIKEY565-1581-ND
Cout6, Cout7Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitor 105°C21500uF/25VDIGIKEY565-1557-ND
Cout8Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitor 105°C11000uF/ 25VDIGIKEY565-1555-ND
CrPolypropylene Capacitor High Ripple122nF/1kVDIGIKEY495-3552-ND
Cs250VAC Y1 Safety Ceramic Disc Capacitor12.2nF/250VDIGIKEY445-2411-ND
CSS, CVcc11206 General Purpose Ceramic SMD21uF/25VDIGIKEY445-1592-1-ND
CT1206 General Purpose Ceramic SMD ±5%1390pF/50VDIGIKEY478-1487-1-ND
D1, D2TO220AB Power Schottky Rectifier2100V/30ADIGIKEYV30100S-E3/45GI-ND
D3, D4TO220AC Power Schottky Rectifier240V/20ADIGIKEY20TQ040PBF-ND
D5, Dg1, Dg2, DSSFast Recovery Diode DO-35475V/0.3ADIGIKEY1N4148DICT-ND
DbsFast Recttifier diode SMB1600V/1ADIGIKEYMURS160-FDICT-ND
DzZener Diode SMD118V/0.5WDIGIKEYFLZ18VCCT-ND
F1FUSE IEC FA LBC 5x201250V/5ADIGIKEYF2395-ND
JP1CONN HEADER 3POS 0.156 VERT TIN1DIGIKEYWM4621-ND
JP3CONN HEADER 2POS 0.1 VERT TIN1DIGIKEYWM4200-ND
JP4, JP5CONN HEADER 6POS 0.156 VERT TIN2DIGIKEYWM4624-ND
L1EMI Common Mode Choke116mH/2.6ADIGIKEY237-1233-ND
Lf1, Lf2PCV Series Drum Core Inductor 10mm23.3uH/10ACOILCRAFTPCV0332-10L
Q1, Q2TO-220FP N-Channel Power MOSFET2500V/12ADIGIKEYSTF13NM50N
R1, Rbias2, Rgs1, Rgs2Not Used
Rbias1, Rled11206 SMD Film RED 1/4W 1%22.2kDIGIKEYRHM2.20kFCT-ND
RdischMetal Film Power Resistor 2W 5%1510kDIGIKEYBC510KW -2CT-ND
Rf21206 SMD Film RED 1/4W 1%147kDIGIKEYRHM47.0kFCT-ND
Rg1, Rg21206 SMD Film RED 1/4W 1%222DIGIKEYRHM22.0FCT-ND
Rled21206 SMD Film RED 1/4W 1%15.6kDIGIKEYRHM5.60kFCT-ND
RMAX1206 SMD Film RED 1/4W 1%115kDIGIKEYRHM15.0kFCT-ND
RNTCInrush Current Limiter15DIGIKEY495-2093-ND
Rprl1Metal Film Power Resistor 2W 5%1560DIGIKEYPPC560W-2CT-ND
Rprl2Metal Film Power Resistor 2W 5%1470DIGIKEYPPC470W-2CT-ND
Rs11206 SMD Film RED 1/4W 1%133kDIGIKEYRHM33.0KFCT-ND
Rs21206 SMD Film RED 1/4W 1%10DIGIKEYP0.0ECT-ND
Rs31206 SMD Film RED 1/4W 1%13.74kDIGIKEYRHM3.74KFCT-ND
Rs41206 SMD Film RED 1/4W 1%115kDIGIKEYRHM15.0KFCT-ND
Rs5, RSS1206 SMD Film RED 1/4W 1%23.9kDIGIKEYRHM3.90KFCT-ND
Rstart1, Rstart2, Rstart31206 SMD Film RED 1/4W 1%3270kDIGIKEYRHM270KFCT-ND
RT1206 SMD Film RED 1/4W 1%118kDIGIKEYRHM18.0KFCT-ND
Rvcc1206 SMD Film RED 1/4W 1%122DIGIKEYRHM22.0FCT-ND
Rx1, Rx21206 SMD Film RED 1/4W 1%24.7DIGIKEY311-4.70FRCT-ND
TXResonant Power Transformer1ETD49PRECISION INC019-4974-00R
U1IRS27951 Control IC1IRIRS27951S
U2Photocoupler TRANS-OUT 4-DIP1TLP621DIGIKEYTLP621FT-ND
U3Programmable Voltage Regulator SOT23-31TL431DIGIKEY296-17328-1-ND
W1Jumper for Primary Current Sensing Loop1AWG20
Rev. 4.0 5/22/2010 International Rectifier Page 8 of 16
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION - This document and the information contained therein are proprietary and are not to be reproduced, used or disclosed
to others for manufacture or any other purpose except as specifically authorized in writing by
INTERNATIONAL RECTIFIER.
Page 9
4 EVALUATION BOARD OPERATING PROCEDURE
Electronic or
Electronic or
CAUTION: Potentially lethal voltages exist on this demo board when powered up. Improper
or unsafe handling of this board may result in serious injury or death.
Source
(Variac or
or HV DC
Variable AC
Resistive
Load
24V/6A
ISOLATION
Resistive
Load
12V/6A
DC Power
Supply
Figure 5 - Recommended Evaluation Board Test Setup
4.1 Load Connection
Connect a resistive or electronic load, capable of 150W continuous power on the 24V rail to connector JP4 and
a 75W continuous power load on the 12V output rail to JP5. Please note that there is no minimum load3
requirement for this board.
3
A minimum load has been added on both the output rails to ensure tight voltage regulation for both output rails from no
load to full load.
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to others for manufacture or any other purpose except as specifically authorized in writing by
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Page 10
4.2 AC/DC Input
IRS2795
1 and control
The use of an isolation transformer on the AC side is highly recommended, so that all the control signals on the
test points can easily be probed by using regular scope probes
Connect a 60Hz AC power source capable of operation up to 280VAC or a 400V DC source to JP1. The
converter can keep the output regulated when the BUS voltage is in the range of 350V DC to 420V DC.
The NTC resistor limits the inrush current upon initial application of full AC line voltage. Once power is applied
to demo board, potentially lethal high voltages will be present on board and necessary precautions should be
taken to avoid serious injury.
4.3 IRS27951 DC Supply Voltage
The board is self-supplied by startup circuit and auxiliary winding of transformer. The startup circuit starts to
work once AC or DC input voltage applies to the board. However, the Vcc will be stable only when BUS
voltage is 350Vdc or above. The VCC voltage is monitored at test points VCC and COM.
If you choose to supply VCC voltage using external DC power supply (in order to study IC VCC UVLO features
etc.) then simply provide DC voltage to connector JP3 or alternatively between Test Points VCC and COM. You
should also dis-connect Rvcc and Rstart in order to measure the Vcc supply current from the DC source. The
minimum supply voltage recommended is 12V while a maximum voltage of 18V can be applied without
damaging the IC. The location of the DC power connector and controller IC is shown in Figure 6.
components on
bottom layer
VCC
COM
Figure 6 - VCC connector and test points
4.4 Power-up Sequence
Once all the connections are made, the system can be powered up. When using external DC supply to bias
Vcc, power-up the AC supply or 400V DC supply first and then the Vcc circuitry. This sequence is necessary to
ensure soft start operation of the DC-DC converter.
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to others for manufacture or any other purpose except as specifically authorized in writing by
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Page 11
5 SYSTEM PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION
Test Conditions – VIN=400V DC; Full Load (24V/6A, 12V/6A); No Load (24V/0A, 12V/0A)
5.1 Steady-State and Start-up Waveforms
Ch 1: Low-side device VGS – Ch 3: Voltage at VS pin
Ch 4: Resonant tank current
Full Load Operation No Load Operation
Full Load Start-up No Load Start-up
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Page 12
5.2 Short Circuit Protection
IRS27951 uses high-voltage technology to sense the current in the low-side MOSFET. The voltage at the VS
node is sensed when the low-side device is turned ON and the system shuts off when a load short-circuit
condition is sensed (i.e. ID*R
latched shutdown when primary current exceed 8.9A peak.
Ch 3: 12V Rail Output Voltage Ch 4: Resonant tank current
exceeds the fixed internal threshold). In this reference design, IRS27951
DSON
Ch 2: 12V Rail Output Voltage
24V Rail short-circuit 12V Rail short circuit
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Page 13
5.3 Dynamic Load Response & Output Voltage Regulation
A load step from full load to no load and no load to full load was applied to test the dynamic response of the
system. The output voltage is tightly regulated within a 3% regulation band over the entire line load range. A
summary of the load performance is also shown below.
Ch 3: 24V Rail output voltage Ch 2: 12V Rail output voltage
Ch 4: Resonant tank current
No Load to Full Load Step Full Load to No Load Step
Load Regulation
24.6
24.4
24.2
24
23.8
23.6
23.4
Vout (V)
12.2
12.15
12.1
12.05
12
11.95
11.9
11.85
11.8
0123456
12V Output24V Output
Iout (A)
Figure 7 - Output voltage regulation plot
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Page 14
5.4 User Initiated SLEEP Mode
24V
12V current
The CT/SD pin of IRS27951 can be used to disable the IC and enter sleep mode in which the IC power
consumption is highly minimized. The IC enters this mode when the CT/SD pin is externally pulled to COM.
This feature facilitates the implementation of system power management functions for reducing overall standby
power consumption by disabling the down converter when no power is being requested by the converter main
output voltage rails.
Ch 1: Low-side device VGS
Ch 2: CT/SD pin of IRS27951
Ch 3: High-side device VGS
Ch 4: Resonant tank current
Sleep mode initiated by externally pulling the CT/SD pin to COM
5.5 Efficiency Chart
The efficiency of IRS27951 demo board was tested at both 270Vac input and 400Vdc input over the load
range. The result is shown in the table below.
24Vout
24.176 1.5 11.97 1.5 54.2 90.8% 91.0%
24.2 3 11.92 3 108.4 92.6% 92.6%
24.22 4.5 11.9 4.5 162.5 92.4% 92.9%
24.24 6 11.86 6 216.6 92.2% 92.7%
23.517 6 12.26 0 141.1 92.8%
24.814 0 11.63 6 69.8 89.5%
current(A) 12Vout
270Vac 400Vdc
(A) Pout(W) Efficiency Efficiency
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to others for manufacture or any other purpose except as specifically authorized in writing by
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Page 15
The average efficiency of the board at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% load is 92% at 270Vac input:
Efficieny vs. Output Power
93.5%
93.0%
92.5%
92.0%
Efficiency
91.5%
91.0%
90.5%
50.070.090.0 110.0 130.0 150.0 170.0 190.0 210.0
Output Power (W)
Figure 8 - Efficiency plot
5.6 Thermal Data
The thermal performance of IRS27951 demo board is tested at 400Vdc input and 220W full load under room
temperature.
Note: 1 Measured between Pins 2 and 5
Note: 2 Measured between Pins 2 and 5 with secondary windings shorted
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Page 16
6.1 Electrical Diagram
Primar
Auxiliary
Sec A
Sec B
Sec C
Sec D
9
TX
20
19
7
2
18
17
14
13
5
12
11
Note: pin19 is shorted to pin18 on PCB, pin13 is shorted to pin12 on PCB.
6.2 Resonant Transformer Winding Position on Coil former
6.3 Resonant Transformer Winding Characteristics
Pins
2 - 5
9 - 7 Auxiliary
20 – 19
14 – 13
18 - 17
12 - 11
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