International Datacasting SuperFlex SRA2100 Series, SuperFlex SFX2100 Series User Manual

SRA/SFX2100 Series Satellite Receiver Appliance

User’s Guide

Preface

NOTE: The screen

captures shown in this User’s Guide are for reference only and may not exactly match the pages that are displayed on your browser. Not all receiver models and/or versions of the application firmware will support all features described in this guide. If you have any questions regarding availability of certain features, please contact International Datacasting’s Customer Service Department (see Chapter 5I).

All rights are reserved by International Datacasting Corporation. This User’s Guide contains the valuable properties and trade secrets of International Datacasting Corporation, embodying substantial creative efforts and confidential information, ideas or expressions. No part of this User’s Guide may be reproduced, translated or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of this company.

The information in this document is subject to change in order to improve reliability, design or function without prior notice; all changes are incorporated into new editions and/or revisions.

In no event will we be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein; nor for incidental, special or consequential damages from the furnishing, performance or use of this manual.

SRA/SFX2100 Series Satellite Receiver Appliance

International Datacasting Corporation Part No. 90076610-50

Record of Revisions

International Datacasting Corporation is constantly improving its products and therefore the information in this document is subject to change without prior notice. International Datacasting makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.

No responsibility for any errors or omissions that may pertain to the material herein is assumed. International Datacasting makes no commitment to update or to keep current the information contained in this document. International Datacasting assumes no responsibility for use of any circuitry other than the circuitry employed in International Datacasting’s systems and equipment.

LINUX is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds, in the united States and other countries. Microsoft, Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 - Introduction 1

General 1 SRA2100 IP/DVB Satellite Router Appliance- Product Overview 2

Standard Features 2 Options 3 Router Functionality 3 Mechanical Packaging 4

SFX2100 IP/DVB Satellite Multimedia Appliance - Product Overview 4

Multimedia Applications 4 Multimedia Player Application 4

Chapter 2 - Installation 7

What You Should Have Received 7 Front Panel 8 Rear Panel 10 Equipment Installation 13

Power up procedure 14

Chapter 3 - Getting Started 15

Status and Control of the Satellite Receiver 15 Controlling the Receiver with the Terminal Interface 15

Help 16 exit 16 SetCarrier 16 GetCarrier 17 SetLNB 18 GetLNB 18 GetLNBOffset 19 ResetLNBOffset 19 GetRFMetrics 19 ClearRS 20 SetIP 20 GetIP 20 AddRoute 21 DeleteRoute 21 GetRoutingTable 22 SetSNMPConfig 22 ResetSNMPConfig 22

ResetFirewall 23 GetInfo 23 GetDebug 23 ClearDebug 24 GetHealth 24 ConfigEth 24 RestoreFactorySettings 25 SetPassword 25

Ping 25 Controlling the Receiver with the Web GUI 26 Controlling the Receiver with SNMP 30 Controlling the Receiver with NetManager 30

Chapter 4 - Web GUI Operation 31

Main Menu Page 31

Logout Icon 31

IDC Logo 31

Receiver Identity 31

Main Menu Tool Bar Area 32

Main Display Area 33

DVB Carrier A/B Lock Status 33

RF Metrics Display Area 34

RF Metrics Refresh Rate Selection 35 Main Menu Tool Bar 35 The Action of the Mouse 37 Common Menu Items 37 Drop-down Selection Boxes 38 Identity 39 DVB Carrier 42

DVB Carrier Definitions 42

LNB Attributes 45

(The LNB Offset) 45

Data Delivery 48

PIDs and Ports 50

(PID Filtering and PID Types) 50 IGMP 58 Static Routing 61 Multicast Routing 65 Source NAT 71 Destination NAT 76 Filtering 81 Firewall 86 TTL Translation 91

XD Suite (SFX only) 95 Player (SFX only) 104 Logging 105 Metrics 109

Satellite Interface Metrics 111

Utilities 119

Apache Webserver (SFX2100 only) 119 Ethernet Configuration 119 SFX Home Page (SFX2100 only) 120 Local Applications (SFX2100 only) 120

TCP Dump Utility 121 Traceroute Utility 122 Date and Time 123 Password Manager 124 Ping Utility 125 Restart Receiver 127 GUI Server Setup 128 Samba Windows File Sharing (SFX2100 only) 130 Backup and Restore (SFX2100 only) 130 DHCPd Configuration (SFX2100 only) 130

Upgrade 131 Documents (SFX only) 133

Chapter 5 - Troubleshooting, Warranty and Contact Information 135

Troubleshooting 135

Preventative Maintenance 135 Troubleshooting Procedures 136 Contacting Your Supplier 136 Shipping & Packaging 136

Warranty & Service 137

Warranty Period 137 Warranty Coverage Limitations 137 Warranty Replacement & Adjustment 138 Liability Limitations 138 Warranty Repair Return Procedure 138 Non-Warranty Repair 139

Contacting IDC for More Information 139

Appendix A - SRA2100 Series Specifications 141

Available Models in this Series 141 Specifications 142

RF Subsystem 142 Front Panel Indicators 143 Synchronous Port 143 Asynchronous Port 143 Net Ports (#1 and 2) 144 Terminal Port (for Terminal Interface) 144 Status & Control 144 Physical (1U Rackmount Unit) 144 Environmental Considerations 144 Certification 144

Options 145

ASI Port 145 DVB Conditional Access System (CAS) 145 Irdeto Cyphercast 145 Other Options 145 Physical (Cube Unit) 145

Appendix B - SFX2100 Series Specifications 147

Available Models in this Series 147 Specifications 148

RF Subsystem 148 Front Panel Indicators 149

Synchronous Port 149 Asynchronous Port 149 Net Ports (#1 and 2) 150 Terminal Port (for Terminal Interface) 150 Status & Control 150 Storage 150 Physical (1U Rackmount Unit) 150 Environmental Considerations 150 Certification 151

Options 151

ASI Port 151 DVB Conditional Access System (CAS) 151 Irdeto Cyphercast 151 Other Options 151 Physical (Cube Unit) 151

Appendix C - Important EMI & Safety Certification Information 153

Receiver Installation 153 Exterior Equipment Installation 154 Operating & Cleaning 154 Service 155 EMI/EMC Certification 155

Appendix D - ASI Output Option 157

Web GUI Operation 157

Appendix E - Irdeto Cyphercast Option 161

Pre-installation Procedure 161 Inserting The Irdeto Smart Card 161 Web GUI Operation 163 Front Panel LED Indications 165

Appendix F - DVB Conditional Access System (CAS) Option 167

Pre-installation Procedure 167 Inserting The CA Module 167 Web GUI Operation 169 Front Panel LED Indications 171

Appendix G - Performance Graphs 173

Appendix H - Glossary 175

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Chapter 1

Introduction

International Datacasting Corporation (IDC) would like to thank you for purchasing the SRA2100 or SFX2100 Series SuperFlex Satellite Receiver Appliance. At International Datacasting, we take pride in our products and believe the satellite receiver that you have chosen will satisfy your needs for years to come. Satellite Communications is our business and quality is our goal. We welcome your comments and respect your opinions.

The SRA and SFX family is an important leap forward in performance and functionality. These products combine IDC’s experience of 20 years as a long-time leader in the design and manufacture of satellite receivers for edge applications with a proven ability to provide complete systems solutions. This product is designed to provide for the flexibility, functionality and high reliability required in today’s leadingedge applications.

General

Throughout this manual, the SRA2100 or SFX2100 series SuperFlex satellite receiver appliance will be referred to as simply the “receiver”. Unless explicitly stated, receiver references can be exchanged with any model in the SRA2100 or core SFX2100 family (e.g. SRA2100B, SFX2100R, etc). Please refer to the Appendices corresponding to your specific model to determine which features are available with your unit. The content of

this manual will depict a fully featured SRA2100x or core SFX2100x (no multimedia applications) receiver.

This chapter provides a brief overview of the SRA2100 family and SFX2100 family of receiver appliances.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

SRA2100 IP/DVB Satellite Router Appliance-

Product Overview

The SuperFlex SRA2100 family of satellite router appliances is the latest generation of advanced DVB/IP satellite router appliances available from IDC. The SRA2100 family is an industrial-grade satellite receiver with advanced router functionality capable of filtering up to 250 PIDs and outputting over 70mb/s. The SRA2100 family features dual high-speed Ethernet outputs and a new web browser based interface for local and remote status and control.

The SRA2100 family is a next generation product line that evolved directly from IDC’s proven SR2000 and SR2001 family of DVB-S receivers. The significant new features and options are summarized below.

Standard Features

• DVB transport format compatible ISO/IEC 13818 with filtering up to 250 PIDs.

• QPSK DVB compliant demodulator, or QPSK/8PSK/16QAM compliant

demodulator, depending on model.

• Embedded Linux operating system for maximum performance and stability.

• Dual Ethernet ports: two full capability 10/100 Base-T Ethernet ports to support

complete routing and subnetting. Now operators can elect to use one output for multicasting and a second for unicasting.

• Asynchronous and Synchronous outputs – standard interfaces for serial protocol applications and ease of integration into legacy satellite networks.

• Intel processor based – most powerful receiver on the market; processors scalable for even more power, leaving available processing power for future applications.

• Available in one rack unit-high model (with or without rack-mount brackets/ears).

• On board watchdog timer for failsafe operation.

• Asynchronous Terminal interface on separate connector for easy local installation

and metrics using minimal support equipment.

• SNMP Manageable using MIB-II (relevant portions) and IDC Enterprise MIB.

• Web browser compatible Graphical User Interface (GUI)

• Compatible with IDC’s proven NetManager2 for over-the-satellite network

management.

• Return channel via IP/Ethernet or optional PPP/telephone modem return channel interface.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

• Unicast and multicast IP Routing.

• IP Filtering and Firewalling.

• Source & Destination Network Address Translation.

• Secure background firmware/software downloading – the SRA2100 always has

most current code.

• Front panel indicators for Lock, Status, Control, and data traffic.

• Fully interoperable with IDC’s family of SuperFlex DVB products.

Options

• (SRA2100R or SRA2100MR series Only) Integrated IP security client and smartcard reader (requires a software key to enable) – works with CypherCast, the latest IP Security conditional access system available from Irdeto Access.

• (SRA2100B or SRA2100MB series Only) Integrated DVB Conditional Access System (CAS) Common Interface (CI) slot for a CA Module (CAM) and Smartcard. This interface supports a number of CA systems, including Irdeto Access M-Crypt and NagraVision.

• Automatic redundancy peering.

• Industry standard PCI option slot – telephone modem available today, other PCI

options will be available for future applications for custom applications upon request.

• S-Video, Composite Video, Parallel Output, USB connectors, Keyboard, mouse, AC97 audio, IrDA and monitor connections available and reserved for future applications and for custom applications upon request.

Router Functionality

The SRA2100 series have an integral microprocessor running the highly reliable Linux realtime operating system. This combined with the two Ethernet ports provides highly flexible router functionality. The following networking and routing protocols are supported:

• ICMP, IGMP, SNMP, DHCP, NAT

• DVB MPE

• PPP (with modem option)

• MAC Filtering

• Multicast Routing

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Mechanical Packaging

The SRA2100 series is available as a low-profile 1RU high model for rack mount and desktop installations. The SRA2100 series comes with easy to read front panel indicators and a full suite of industry standard rear panel interfaces, for ease of implementing standard and custom-defined network configurations.

SFX2100 IP/DVB Satellite Multimedia Appliance -

Product Overview

The SFX2100 family is functionally equivalent to the SRA2100 family. The addition of a minimum 40 Gbyte integrated hard drive and Datacast XD software makes it ideal for those multimedia applications where a reliable satellite receiver and computer are required in an integrated self-contained package. Many of the optional interfaces on the SRA are standard on the SFX.

Multimedia Applications

The SFX2100 series of satellite multimedia server appliances comes complete with Datacast XD, IDC’s leading multimedia content distribution software ([see separate product information). With Datacast XD, the SFX2100 is a powerful server with advanced routing capabilities that can be used as-is for a wide range of file transfer, streaming media and multimedia content distribution applications.

The SFX2100 can also be configured for specific customer applications and IDC’s technical resources are available to assist with this – including specialized and proprietary configurations for Original equipment Manufacturers (OEM’s).

In addition, IDC intends to develop a family of application-specific software packages to help enable specific business models. An example of an application that is currently available is described in the following paragraphs.

Multimedia Player Application

The Multimedia Player Application is intended to create and present multimedia displays for kiosks. Functional elements of this application are summarized as follows:

• Ability to play video files, optionally from a carousel playlist.

• Ability to play audio files, optionally from a carousel playlist.

• Ability to display graphics files.

• Built-in Apache web server.

• Streaming MPEG2 and MPEG4 video/audio with MPEG Accelerator PCI card

option.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

• Built-in Samba Daemon, which allows networked PCs running other operating systems such as Windows®, to access the files deposited by XD on the integrated hard drive.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

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SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Chapter 2

Installation

This chapter provides information to familiarize you with the SRA2100 and basic SFX2100 series satellite receiver appliance, as it comes out of the box. This information can be used to step through a preliminary investigation of the unit you have received, as well as initially applying power to ensure that it is operating correctly and has not been damaged during transit.

The illustrations that are provided in this chapter identify indicators and connectors on the satellite receiver, both in the rack mount and cube configurations. Acquaint yourself with these parts as illustrated, and refer to the physical unit itself. Throughout the remainder of this guide, reference will be made to these parts. There are no adjustable components on the receiver, only display indicators.

Varying levels of Status and Control for configuration of the satellite receiver are available through one of the following: locally using the Terminal Interface, locally or remotely using the Web based Graphical User Interface (GUI), remotely using SNMP, or remotely using NetManager. Status and control via these methods is detailed in Chapters 3 and 4 of this manual.

What You Should Have Received

You should have received the following package:

• One (1) SRA2100 or SFX2100 series satellite receiver appliance;

• One (1) power cord, suitable for use in your country;

• One (1) copy of this manual (optional) – also available online from the IDC

customer service FTP site – see Chapter 5 for contact information.

It is highly recommended that you retain the box and foam packaging that came with the unit, in the rare event that it has to be shipped back for repair.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Front Panel

Once you have removed the satellite receiver from the box, please familiarize yourself with the front panel. Refer to Figures 2-1 for the location of the indicators. These are described in the table under the figure.

Lock Status Control R/W

Figure 2-1 Front Panel Indicators – Rack Mount Unit

Indicator Description

LOCK Purpose: provides indication of receiver lock to the incoming

satellite DVB carrier on the L-Band input.

Colour: off/red/green, where:

Off – no power is applied to the receiver.

Solid Green – indicates that the demodulator is locked onto the satellite DVB carrier.

Solid Red – the demodulator is not locked onto the DVB carrier.

Sync Async

etwor

Options

STATUS Purpose: provides indication of various power-up states of the

receiver, including LNB DC power status to the L-Band connector.

Colour: off/red/green/orange, where:

Off – no power is applied to the receiver.

Solid Green – normal operation and one of:

1. the LNB is being powered by the receiver; current draw is between 50 and 350 mA; or

2. the receiver has not been configured to power the LNB.

Solid Orange – power is being supplied to the LNB, and it is under current (power drawn is <50 mA, which may possibly indicate an open circuit).

Solid Red – boot and normal operation, can be one of:

1. during the boot, start-up and initialization of the receiver application firmware, remains red until startup is

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Indicator Description

completed, then turns solid green, orange, or remains red, depending on LNB status; and

2. during operation, power is being supplied to the LNB and it is over current (power drawn is >350 mA, which may possibly indicate a short circuit).

CONTROL Purpose: provides indication of the authorization for the receiver

to process control commands from the Network Control Channel (NetManager NCC PID stream for the DVB Carrier – see Chapter

4).

Colour: off/green, where:

Off – normal operation, receiver is not authorized to process commands from the Network Control Channel on the NCC PID for the DVB Carrier.

Green - normal operation, receiver is authorized to process commands from the Network Control Channel.

Flashing Off/Green – indicates that DVB packets are being received on the NCC PID.

R/W Purpose: provides indication of read/write activity of the storage

device in the receiver (either compact flash disk or hard drive, depending on model).

Colour: off/green, where:

Off – no storage device activity.

Flashing Off/Green – storage device read/write activity, as well as an indication that the receiver is booting after power-up.

NETWORK Purpose: provides indication of the authorization and data activity

on the satellite network interface.

Colour: off/green/orange, where:

Solid Green – satellite network interface is authorized (enabled), but there is no data activity.

Flashing Off/Green – satellite network interface is authorized and there is data activity on one or more of the selected MPE PIDs (see Chapter 4). If the DVB CAS or Cyphercast option is installed, this also indicates that the data is being decrypted.

Flashing Off/Orange – DVB CAS or Cyphercast option is installed, satellite network interface is authorized and there is data activity on one or more of the selected MPE PIDs (see Chapter 4). However, the data is not being decrypted.

SYNC Purpose: provides indication of the authorization and data activity

Off – satellite network interface is not authorized.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Indicator Description

on the synchronous interface.

Colour: off/green, where:

Solid Green – the SYNC port is authorized, but there is no data activity.

Flashing Off/Green – the SYNC port is authorized and there is data activity.

Off – the SYNC port is not authorized.

ASYNC Purpose: provides indication of the authorization and data activity

on the asynchronous interface.

Colour: off/green, where:

Solid Green – the ASYNC port is authorized, but there is no data activity.

Flashing Off/Green – the ASYNC port is authorized and there is data activity.

Off – the ASYNC port is not authorized.

OPTIONS Purpose: provides operational status indication of options

installed in the receiver, as applicable. Currently, status is provided for the conditional access (Cyphercast in the SRA/SFX2100R series and DVB CAS in the SRA/SFX2100B series) options.

Colour: off/green, where:

Solid Green – conditional access option is installed.

Flashing Off/Green – for Cyphercast option EMM/ECM packets are being received, or for DVB CAS option PAT/PMT tables are being received.

Off – the Cyphercast or DVB CAS option is not installed.

Rear Panel

Once you have acquainted yourself with the front panel and the associated indicators, turn the receiver around so that the rear panel is fully visible. Please refer to Figures 2-2. A description of each of the visible connectors on the rear panel is provided in the table after the figure.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Universal

AC Power

Keyboard (K) &

Mouse (M) Port

(SFX)

Parallel Port

(future expansion)

Dual 10/100BaseT Ethernet Ports

PCI Option

slot

Async Port

(RS-232)

Terminal

Interface Port

SVGA Video

Port (SFX)

Multiple USB

ports

(future

expansion)

TV Video

Output

(SFX)

Left (L) & Right (R)

Conditional

Access: CAM or

SmartCard

(behind plate)

Audio Outputs

(SFX)

L-Band

Input

from LNB

Sync Port

(RS-422)

Figure 2-2 Rear Panel Connectors – Rack Mount Unit

Connector Description

AC Power The Alternating Current (AC) inlet is the main power disconnect.

The power cord connector is used to provide AC power to the satellite receiver. The power requirements for this equipment is quite flexible, with an acceptable power range of 100 to 240 VAC at 50 or 60 Hz.

ASYNC Port This is a 9-pin RS-232 (DTE) DE-9P (male) connector. It is

used as a unidirectional (output) low speed asynchronous data port. The pinouts for this port are as follows:

PIN Acronym Reference

1 DCD Data Carrier Detect

2 RD Receive Data

3 TD Transmit Data

4 DTR Data Terminal Ready

5 GND Ground

6 DSR Data Set Ready

7 RTS Request To Send

8 CTS Clear To Send

9 RI Ring Indicator

K (Keyboard) & M (Mouse) Ports

These are standard PS/2 type keyboard and mouse connectors, used when keyboard, monitor, and mouse are required for some SFX applications.

TERMINAL Interface Port

This is a 9-pin RS-232 (DTE) DE-9P (male) connector. It is used as a bi-directional low speed asynchronous data port for the Terminal Interface at 9600 baud. Pinouts for this port are the same as the ASYNC port.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Connector Description

PARALLEL Port This is a standard parallel printer type port, available for future

applications.

VIDEO SVGA Port This is a standard SVGA output, used when keyboard, monitor,

and mouse are required for some SFX applications. This port is full AGP 4X Rev 2.0 compliant, with support for 2D/3D resolutions up to 1920x1440.

NETx Ethernet Ports (2)

These are bi-directional RJ-45 8-wire (female) connectors, with 10/100Base-T auto sensing Ethernet interfaces. Two indicators are provided immediately above the RJ-45 connector:

1. Yellow (left) – indicates Link status. On indicates that the Ethernet link has been established, either in 10 Base-T or 100 Base-TX modes.

2. Green (right) – indicates transmit or receive data activity. Off indicates that there is no data activity and flashing green indicates that there is activity.

The pinouts for these ports are as follows:

PIN Acronym Reference

1 T+ Transmit Data +

2 T- Transmit Data -

3 R+ Receive Data +

4 Not connected

5 Not connected

6 R- Receive Data -

7 Not connected

8 Not connected

USBx Ports (4) These are bi-directional USB ports, available for future

applications. These ports are USB v1.1 and Intel HCI v1.1 compatible.

TV Video Output This RCA connector provides baseband composite PAL or

L & R AUDIO Outputs

PCI Option Slot One PCI option slot is provided, for PCI card options.

Conditional Access: CAM or SmartCard

NTSC video output.

These are two audio line outputs, as provided by the internal AC97 2.1 compliant codec.

Conditional Access support is provided as follows:

SRA/SFX2100B – support for one (1) DVB Conditional Access (CA) module with smart card that is compliant with the Common Interface (CI) standard and the DVB scrambling system at the head-end (e.g. Nagra Vision or Irdeto M-Crypt systems)

SRA/SFX2100R – support for one (1) smart card that is compliant with the software based decryption system and the

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Connector Description

head-end encryption system (e.g. Irdeto Cyphercast system).

SYNC Port This is a X.21 (DCE compatible) DA-15S (female) connector

used as a unidirectional (output) synchronous data port. The pinouts for this port are as follows:

PIN Acronym Reference

1 SHIELD Ground

2 T (A) Not connected

3 C (A) Not connected

4 R (A) Transmit Data A

5 I (A) Data Valid A

6 S (A) Transmit Clock A

7 B (A) Not connected

8 GND Ground

9 T (B) Not connected

10 C (B) Not connected

11 R (B) Transmit Data B

12 I (B) Data Valid B

13 S (B) Transmit Clock B

14 B (B) Not connected

15 Not connected

L-BAND This is a 75 ohm, F-type connector that permits connection to

the LNB and antenna. An RG-6 or similar cable of less than 200 feet is recommended. High quality cabling may be used to provide additional shielding, lower loss or protection from harsh environments. Direct Current (DC) power is provided to the LNB at either 13 VDC or 18 VDC at 350 mA maximum.

Equipment Installation

The following points and precautions should be considered when planning the installation of your satellite receiver.

• The satellite receiver should be placed in a sheltered, but well ventilated location away from sources of water or high humidity, extreme heat or cold, excessive dust, vibration or Electromagnetic Interference (EMI).

• Should any foreign material fall into the satellite receiver (either liquid or solid), unplug the receiver immediately and have a qualified technician examine the unit prior to further operation.

• The satellite receiver should be placed on a stable surface or rack mounted, as applicable.

To install your receiver, you should ensure that you have equipment similar to the following:

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

• A computer platform (or laptop computer), with a program such as HyperTerminal to talk to the terminal interface. If you wish to use the Web GUI, the minimum platform would consist of a Pentium 75 MHz computer with an installed Local Area Network (LAN) card and Microsoft

Internet Explorer Version 5.0 or later. Chapter

3 provides further information on the Terminal Interface and Web GUI.

• A spectrum analyzer. Although not essential, this piece of test equipment is highly recommended for installing any satellite equipment.

Power up procedure

It is good practice to do a quick test to ensure the satellite receiver is operational after shipment. To do this, simply plug the supplied AC power cord into the rear panel of the unit and into the proper voltage AC outlet. If you now turn the receiver around so that you are facing the front panel, you should notice the STATUS LED is illuminated and after some period of time, the R/W light starts flashing (indicating that the unit is booting). At this point, ignore the colour of any indicators, as this is just an indication that the receiver has power and is commencing operation.

If no indicators have illuminated, power cycle the unit once to make sure, and if there is still a problem, please proceed to Chapter 5 (Troubleshooting).

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Chapter 3

Getting Started

Status and Control of the Satellite Receiver

As previously mentioned, varying levels of status and control of the satellite receiver can be accomplished by one of the following:

1. Locally, using the Terminal Interface;

2. Locally or remotely, using the Web based Graphical User Interface (GUI);

3. Remotely, using Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP);

4. Remotely, using International Datacasting’s NetManager, via the Network Control Channel (NCC).

Each of these methods is described in detail in this chapter.

Controlling the Receiver with the Terminal Interface

The Terminal Interface allows an installer who does not have a computer with an Ethernet port, or the capability of running a web browser, access to enough receiver functions to install the unit and acquire lock to a DVB Carrier. Simply connect an RS-232 null modem (cross-over) cable between the COM port on a PC and the TERMINAL port (see rear panel figures in Chapter 2) of the receiver and run a terminal interface program, such as Hyperterm under Windows®. The communications parameters are 9600 baud, 8 data bits, no parity and one stop bit.

The Terminal Interface is designed to be a simple interface that is compatible with most terminal equipment. A basic TTY-type terminal is supported. Generally, most commands do not support other terminal types and the interface will not generate or accept ANSI control codes unless specifically documented for each command below. Since most terminal devices connected to the receiver will probably be DOS/Windows based, the interface sends both carriage return and line feed characters at the end of each line.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

NOTE:

Terminal Interface commands are case sensitive. Commands can be entered exactly as shown, or all in lower case. However, all command parameters must be entered exactly as shown.

NOTE:

Parameters shown in square brackets are optional and do not have to be entered. If they are not entered, they will remain unchanged, unless defined otherwise. However, if all parameters are shown as optional, at least one has to be entered.

To initiate a terminal session, enter the username monitor or admin and the appropriate password.

After processing an input line (or after return is pressed on a blank line), the interface will display the ‘#’ prompt on the terminal.

The terminal interface will remain active until an exit command is issued to logout.

The supported terminal commands are described below, along with their parameter lists. Typing in a command with the wrong parameter list will cause a short usage help message to be displayed.

Help

Usage: Help

This command displays a list of available commands. This list will also be displayed if an unrecognized command is entered. This list may include some useful Linux shell commands as well.

exit

Usage: exit

Log off the system so that a username and password will be required before any further actions can be performed. This command takes no parameters.

SetCarrier

Usage: SetCarrier [-A/-B] [-f <frequency>] [-s <symbol rate>] [-m {q/b}] [-v <Viterbi rate>] [-n <NCC Pid>] [-t {e/d}] [-p {h/v}] [-d <description>]

Note that this command is available only to the admin user.

This command enters the DVB Carrier definitions (A or B, or both) and facilitates setting of the receiver’s tuner/demodulator to the specified DVB Carrier (A). The absence of -A or -B will apply the definition to both carriers. The individual parameters are defined below:

-A

Applies the command to DVB Carrier A

-B

-f

Applies the command to DVB Carrier B

Is the frequency of the carrier in Hz, in the numeric range 950000000 -

2150000000 Hz.

-s

Is the symbol rate of the carrier in symbols per second, in the numeric range

1000000 - 45000000 S/s.

-m

Is the modulation scheme, using one of the options: q for QPSK; b for BPSK.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

-v

Is the Viterbi rate of the carrier, using one of the options: Auto, 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8.

-n

Is the PID number of the NCC PID (in hex), in the numeric range 0x20 to 0x1FFE. Specifying 0 disables the NCC PID.

-t

Enables or disables the 22 kHz tone to the LNB, using one of the options: e for enable, d for disable.

-p

Is the polarization of the LNB, and sets the output DC voltage from the receiver to the LNB, using one of the options: h for horizontal (18VDC standard or 15 VDC optional) and v for vertical (13VDC standard or 11 VDC optional). Note that the SetLNB command enables or disables the output voltage.

-d

Is a short description (up to 31 characters) of the DVB Carrier.

GetCarrier

Usage: GetCarrier

This command displays the DVB Carrier definitions that currently exist in the receiver. This command takes no parameters. The output is formatted as follows (with appropriate values substituted):

Carrier A

Description: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Frequency: xxxxxxxxxx Hz Symbol Rate: xxxxxxx S/s Modulation Type: QPSK/BPSK FEC Rate: x/y or Auto NCC PID: 0 or xxxx (hex) 22 kHz tone: ON/OFF Polarization: Horizontal/Vertical

Carrier B

Description: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Frequency: xxxxxxxxxx Hz Symbol Rate: xxxxxxx S/s Modulation Type: QPSK or BPSK FEC Rate: x/y or Auto NCC PID: 0 or xxxx (hex) 22 kHz tone: ON/OFF Polarization: Horizontal/Vertical

The receiver is LOCKED TO CARRIER A or LOCKED TO CARRIER B or NOT LOCKED

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

SetLNB

Usage: SetLNB [-r <minimum AFC range>] [-p {e/d}] [-o {f/p}] [-f {ON/OFF}]

Note that this command is available only to the admin user.

This command sets the LNB characteristics applicable to both carriers (A & B) of the receiver. The individual parameters are defined below:

-r

-p

-o

-f

Is the minimum AFC range in Hz, in the numeric range 0 to 2000000 Hz. If this parameter is not provided, an AFC range of 10% of the carrier symbol rate is default.

Enables or disables the LNB power supply, which supplies DC voltage to the LNB from the L-Band connector on the rear panel. The options are: e for enable (on), d for disable (off). When enabled, the voltage output will be determined by the polarization setting in the SetCarrier command.

Is the AGC optimization type, using one of the options: p for performance mode, f for fast acquisition mode.

Selecting performance mode optimization forces the receiver to step through individual gain stages in the Digital Filter to determine the best Bit Error Rate (BER) performance. This feature should only be used if there are large adjacent carriers to the DVB Carrier of interest.

Selecting fast acquisition mode forces the receiver to select a default Digital Filter that performs well under most conditions.

Enables or disables LNB frequency reversal, using one of the options: ON or OFF. If the parameter is not provided, OFF is default.

Frequency reversal permits the use of other LNB variants that may use low side Local Oscillators (LOs) instead of high side LOs (the use of LNBs such as older CBand type with low side LOs can cause spectral inversion, and this feature can make the LNB appear “normal” when setting the L-Band frequency of the DVB Carrier using the SetCarrier command).

GetLNB

Usage: GetLNB

This command displays the current LNB settings (i.e. those that can be set through the SetLNB command). This command takes no parameters. The output is formatted as follows (with appropriate values substituted):

Minimum AFC Range: xxxxxxx Hz

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

LNB power: Enabled/Disabled AGC Optimization: Performance/Fast Acquisition Frequency reversal: ON/OFF

GetLNBOffset

Usage: GetLNBOffset

This command displays the current LNB frequency offset in the receiver, calculated as a result of LNB drift tracking. The receiver applies this offset to the frequency of the DVB Carrier, to obtain the actual tuning frequency for the receiver, thus compensating for LNB’s whose output frequency drift due to temperature or aging. The receiver tracks this drift every time it acquires lock to a DVB Carrier. This command takes no parameters. The output is formatted as follows (with appropriate values substituted):

LNB Offset: 0 or ±xxxxxxx Hz

ResetLNBOffset

Usage: ResetLNBOffset

Note that this command is available only to the admin user.

This command resets the current LNB frequency offset in the receiver back to zero. This command takes no parameters.

GetRFMetrics

Usage: GetRFMetrics [-r n]

This command displays the current RF metrics information. The optional -r n parameter indicates repeat mode. In this mode, the metrics information will be output continuously (every n seconds) until a key is pressed on the controlling terminal. If this parameter is omitted, the RF metrics information will be displayed only once. The following information is displayed (all zeros or numeric values substituted):

If the receiver is NOT locked to a DVB Carrier:

Signal Level: 0 % Signal Quality: 0 % RS Uncorrected Packets: 0 Carrier to Noise: 0.0 dB Eb/No: 0.0 dB Viterbi BER: 0.0

If the receiver IS locked to a DVB Carrier:

Signal Level: xxx % Signal Quality: xxx %

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

RS Uncorrected Packets: xxxxx Carrier to Noise: x.y dB Eb/No: x.y dB Viterbi BER: x.y E-zz

ClearRS

Usage: ClearRS

Note that this command is available only to the admin user.

This command clears to zero, the Reed-Solomon Uncorrected Packets counter that is displayed in GetRFMetrics. This command is useful when the RS Uncorrected counter is incrementing rapidly, particularly when the DVB Carrier is received in high noise situations. Once the counter reaches 32767, it remains there and has to be reset to begin counting again. There are no parameters with this command.

NOTE:

The SetIP command will be one of the first commands you will need to use to setup the proper IP address so that you can access the Web GUI of the receiver.

SetIP

Usage: SetIP -i <Interface Name> [-a <IP address>] [-n <netmask>] [-d {e/d}]

Note that this command is available only to the admin user.

This command sets the IP characteristics of a network interface on the receiver. Even though IP Address, netmask, and DHCP are options, one must be entered. If any parameter is not specified, its value will not change. The individual parameters are defined below:

-i

-a

-n

-d

Selects which network interface will be set with this command, using one of the options: net1 (first Ethernet port eth0), net2 (second Ethernet port eth1), or sat (satellite receiver interface sat0).

Indicates the IP address of the receiver in dotted decimal notation (e.g. 192.168.0.1)

Indicates the Net Mask of the receiver in dotted decimal notation (e.g. 255.255.255.0)

Indicates whether DHCP is enabled or disabled, using one the options: e for enabled, d for disabled.

GetIP

Usage: GetIP

This command displays the IP characteristics of all known interfaces in the receiver. This command takes no parameters. The output is formatted as follows (with appropriate values substituted):

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Found 3 interfaces.

Interface: Net1 (eth0) DHCP: Disabled/Enabled IP Address: aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd Netmask: aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd

Interface: Net2 (eth1) DHCP: Disabled/Enabled IP Address: aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd Netmask: aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd

Interface: Satellite (sat0) DHCP: Disabled/Enabled IP Address: aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd Netmask: aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd

AddRoute

Usage: AddRoute [-i <Interface Name>] -a <destination IP address> -g <gateway IP address> -n <netmask>

Note that this command is available only to the admin user.

This command enters a static route into the receiver routing table. A route can be applied independently of network interface, or with respect to a network interface. The individual parameters are defined below:

-i

-a

-g

-n

Optional parameter - selects which network interface will be applicable to this route, using one of the options: net1 (first Ethernet port eth0), net2 (second Ethernet port eth1), or sat (satellite receiver interface sat0).

Indicates the Destination IP Address for the route (e.g. 192.168.0.1)

Indicates the Gateway IP Address for the route (e.g. 192.168.0.254). This gateway address must be on the same subnet as the Destination IP Address.

Indicates the Net Mask for the route, in dotted decimal notation (e.g.

255.255.255.0)

DeleteRoute

Usage: DeleteRoute [-i <Interface Name>] -a <destination IP address> -g <gateway IP address> -n <netmask>

Note that this command is available only to the admin user.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

This command deletes a static route from the receiver routing table, which was added by the AddRoute command. The same parameters as used for the AddRoute command apply to this command.

GetRoutingTable

Usage: GetRoutingTable

This command displays the content of the current static routing table for all known interfaces. This command takes no parameters. The output is formatted as follows (with appropriate values substituted):

Found n routes.

Interface Destination Address Gateway Netmask *(see below) aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd

(…and so on for n routes)

*can be one of: auto, Net1(eth0), Net2(eth1), or sat (sat0)

SetSNMPConfig

Usage: SetSNMPConfig [-r <read-only community name>] [-w <read-write community name>]

Note that this command is available only to the admin user.

This command sets the SNMP community names to a new value, which can be string up to 31 characters. The individual parameters are defined below:

-r

-w

Sets the SNMP community name for read-only (get) access.

Sets the SNMP community name for read/write (get/set) access.

ResetSNMPConfig

Usage: ResetSNMPConfig

Note that this command is available only to the admin user.

This command resets the SNMP community names back to their default values of “private” for sets and “public” for gets. This command is useful if the community names have been forgotten. There are no parameters with this command.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

ResetFirewall

Usage: ResetFirewall

Note that this command is available only to the admin user.

This command resets the Firewall table in the receiver. This command is useful if the firewall table configuration has been entered incorrectly and there is a problem with receiving or transmitting data from the receiver. There are no parameters with this command. Once this command is executed, the Firewall table is cleared and you will need to re-enter all the correct rules from the Web GUI again.

GetInfo

Usage: GetInfo

This command displays the current identity and front panel status information for the receiver. This command takes no parameters and the display is only provided once. The output is formatted as follows (with appropriate values substituted):

Receiver Name: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Receiver Description: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Satellite (sat0) MAC Address: 00:10:de:xx:xx:xx Net1 (eth0) MAC Address: 00:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx Net2 (eth1) MAC Address: 00:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx Device Type: SRA2100xx or SFX2100xx

LED States: Lock LED: OFF/RED/GREEN Status LED: OFF/RED/GREEN/ORANGE Control LED: OFF/GREEN Sync LED: OFF/GREEN Async LED: OFF/GREEN Net LED: OFF/GREEN Option LED: OFF/GREEN

ASI: DISABLED/ENABLED Cyphercast: DISABLED/ENABLED CAS: DISABLED/ENABLED Modem/PPP: DISABLED/ENABLED <and so on for any other options>

Firmware Version: xxx.xx

GetDebug

Usage: GetDebug [-a]

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

This command displays the current packet debug counters for a defined PID in the receiver. If there are no PIDs defined, no information will be displayed. The output is formatted as follows (with appropriate values substituted):

PID Number Total DVB Packets Completed Data Sets Missed Data Sets Short Data Sets xxxx N/A or xxxx N/A or xxxx N/A or xxxx N/A or xxxx

The individual counters are explained in Chapter 4 under Metrics. Completed Data Sets are equivalent to Total IP Packets. Information for Sync, Async and Other PID types (see Chapter 4 PIDs and Ports) displays the data set counters as N/A.

The output is displayed in a table, 22 lines at a time. You must press Enter to get to the next screen. The –a is an optional parameter which, when specified, gives you the full debug list all at once. For example, if you had 50 PIDs defined and you issue a 'GetDebug' then you would see the first 22 PIDs, press Enter and you would see the next 22 and so on. If you issue a 'GetDebug -a' then you would see all 50 PIDs. The latter case can be used on terminal programs that allow scrolling.

ClearDebug

Usage: ClearDebug

Note that this command is available only to the admin user.

This command resets all debug counters returned by the GetDebug command back to zero. This command takes no parameters.

GetHealth

Usage: GetHealth

This command displays the current internal health of the receiver. It is an easy way to identify current temperature and whether or not the fans are functioning properly. Fans running at low RPM (e.g. less than 3000) could signal a problem. The output is formatted as follows (with appropriate values substituted):

CPU Temperature: xx.x Degrees Celsius CPU Fan Speed: xxxx RPM Chassis Fan Speed: xxxx RPM

ConfigEth

Usage: configeth [[-c {10h/10f/100h/100f/auto}] -i <interface>] [-h] [-m]

Note that this command is available only to the admin user.

This command sets the hardware parameters of the host's Ethernet interfaces. The individual parameters are defined below:

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

-c

-i

-h

-m

Sets the speed and duplex of the Ethernet port. Allowable values are:

• 10h – 10 Mbps, half duplex

• 10f – 10 Mbps, full duplex

• 100h – 100 Mbps, half duplex

• 100f – 100 Mbps, full duplex

• auto – autonegotiate speed and duplex

Normally, interfaces should be set to autonegotiate. If -c is not specified, this command displays the current settings of the selected Ethernet interface.

Specifies the Ethernet interface to apply this command. The <interface> name must be either "eth0" or "eth1".

Displays a usage message.

Causes configeth to display its output in a machine friendly (rather than a humanfriendly format). This option is not generally used by interactive users.

RestoreFactorySettings

Usage: RestoreFactorySettings

RestoreFactorySettings is only available to the admin user and only on the SRA2100 family of receivers.

This command resets all configuration items that can be manipulated by the "Set" commands described in this section back to their defaults. This command should be used with extreme caution as it will cause satellite carrier settings and IP addresses to be lost. The host must be rebooted immediately after this command is issued. This command takes no parameters.

SetPassword

Usage: SetPassword

This command changes the password of the account that is currently logged in. When this command is run, the user is prompted to enter the new password twice. Passwords that are too simple will be rejected.

Ping

Usage: ping <host>

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

This command sends a series of ICMP Ping packets to the specified host and is useful for verifying network connectivity. On the SRA family of receivers, <host> must be the IP address of the intended target, in dotted decimal notation(192.168.0.2, for example). On the SFX receivers, host may be the actual name of a host machine.

This command will ping the specified host repeatedly at 1 second intervals. Press Control-C to terminate the ping command.

Controlling the Receiver with the Web GUI

All accessible functions within the SRA/SFX series satellite receiver can be controlled using the Web Graphical User Interface (GUI). The receiver acts as a web server in this case, serving out GUI pages to a PC with a browser. Communications between the browser PC and the receiver is via a LAN connection to one of the Ethernet ports on the rear panel, using the http protocol.

NOTE:

Continuous operation of the Web GUI from a local or remote node will cause additional utilization on the host SRA or SFX CPU. This may not be desirable if other SRA or SFX applications that require intensive CPU utilization need to run. CPU loading should always be a consideration when running the Web GUI.

The Web GUI is compatible with the following web browsers:

1. Internet Explorer V5.0 or later, running under Windows® ‘95, ’98, 2000 or Windows NT or XP.

2. Mozilla V0.98 or later, running under Linux.

The Web GUI is best used with browsers that are displayed at a resolution of 1024 x 768 or greater, although 800 x 600 resolution is sufficient. However, at 800 x 600 resolution, you may need to use the scroll bars more often.

Typically, an Ethernet crossover cable is used in the field when the receiver is being aligned to the satellite signal and a point-to-point connection is required between the receiver and the browser PC. To communicate between the satellite receiver and the browser PC, it is necessary that the IP address of the customer’s computer be set to the same subnet as the receiver. The factory default IP address of the Net1 (eth0) interface is 192.168.0.1 and the Net2 (eth1) interface is 192.168.1.1. Typically, you will have to use the SetIP command in the Terminal Interface to set the IP address to another value. If you do not know the IP address of the receiver, you can discover it by using the GetIP command in the Terminal Interface.

When the browser PC and the receiver are connected together via a hub or switch in a LAN configuration (typically using Ethernet “straight through” cables), the same rule as above, applies.

If the browser PC and the receiver are on different LAN’s connected by the Internet, communications between the two can only be made if the receiver IP address is known. Typically, the satellite receiver would be set up on its LAN with a gateway to the Internet.

Once the receiver is set up with an IP address that is known, you can access the receiver by typing the IP address in the Address line of the browser. The Web GUI uses port 80, so only the IP address is required in the Address line. In the SFX, this port is generally forwarded through port 2100. If access is successful, you will be required to login to the receiver, as shown in the example Internet Explorer login page in Figure 3-1.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Figure 3-1 Web GUI Login Page

Provided you know the password, login is available at the following levels:

1. SRA and SFX:

2. SRA only:

Monitor status only – login as username monitor

Monitor status and allow limited control of receiver functions – login as

username user

3. SRA and SFX:

Monitor status and allow full control of all receiver functions – login

as username admin

Should you enter an incorrect username and/or password, the login page will report an error, as shown in the example in Figure 3-2.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Figure 3-2 Login Page – Error Condition

Once you have successfully logged in, the Main Menu page will appear and you are connected to an operational Web GUI. An example of the Main Menu page is shown in Figure 3-3 for the SRA and Figure 3-4 for the SFX. Please proceed to Chapter 4 for details on navigating through this page and other elements of the Web GUI.

Depending on the configuration of the default page for the SFX2100, you will either enter the Main Menu page of the Cockpit, as shown in Figure 3-4, or to a web page, which will allow you to access the Main Menu page of the Cockpit via a link. The default local or remote page can be set under the Utilities menu item (see Chapter 4 for more detail). If a web page is specified as a default, then port 80 must be used for access.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Figure 3-3 Web GUI Main Menu Page (SRA)

Figure 3-4 Web GUI Cockpit Main Menu Page (SFX)

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Controlling the Receiver with SNMP

The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a set of protocols for managing complex networks. SNMP works by sending messages, called Protocol Data Units (PDU’s), to different parts of a network, providing a standard mechanism for network control and monitoring. SNMP-compliant devices, called agents, store data about themselves in Management Information Bases (MIB’s) and return this data to the SNMP requestor.

The advantage of using SNMP is that its design is simple, hence it is easy to implement on a large network. It does not take a long time to set up, puts very little stress on a network and is easy for users to program. Its’ simple design also allows it to be easily updated so that it can expand for future network requirements.

SNMP has been implemented in the SRA/SFX series satellite receivers to provide users with flexibility in network management.

SNMP can be used to monitor the status, and control the configuration, of a receiver through SNMP get and set requests. SNMP values are organized in a tree structure called a Management Information Base (MIB). International Datacasting uses a Private Enterprise Number of 3602 - this is the root node for SuperFlex receivers under the Enterprise node of the MIB tree, and the number is 1.3.6.1.4.1.3602. In addition to these values the receiver also supports the IP branch of MIB-II (1.3.6.1.2.1.3) except for the IP Address Translation table.

A separate International Datacasting application note is provided with details on the content of the MIB. Please proceed to Chapter 5 for more information on obtaining application notes.

Controlling the Receiver with NetManager

Many accessible functions within the SRA/SFX series satellite receiver can also be controlled over the satellite link, using International Datacasting’s NetManager system. This is a secure remote control system that allows the network provider to remotely control functions of the receiver using the Network Control Channel (NCC) that can be controlled over the satellite link. There is potentially one NCC PID stream per DVB Carrier, and you can configure DVB Carriers using the Terminal Interface or Web GUI, so that NetManager control can be brought online. Not all functions can be remotely controlled via NetManager over the satellite, as they could be site-specific configurations. Therefore, these types of functions must be controlled locally over the LAN interfaces, using one of the other means previously described. Please contact International Datacasting Sales or Customer Support for more information on NetManager.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Chapter 4

Web GUI Operation

This chapter will provide detailed information on the meaning and operation of the various pages and menu options available on the Web GUI, for the SRA and Base SFX family of receivers.

Main Menu Page

As stated in the previous chapter, once you have successfully logged in to the Web GUI, you will be presented with the Main Menu page, as shown in the example in Figure 4-1. There are various areas of interest on this page, which will be described in this section.

Logout Icon

The “logout” icon is always present, at all menu levels. By clicking on the icon, you can quickly logout of the receiver Web GUI. To login again, follow the procedure outlined in Chapter 3.

IDC Logo

The IDC logo is always present, at all menu levels. By clicking on the logo icon, you can reach the International Datacasting website at www.intldata.ca to a gateway to the Internet. (This link is also available if you click in the area where the copyright notice appears in the center of the page– see Figure 4-1).

, if your receiver is connected

Receiver Identity

The Receiver Identity is displayed only on the Main Menu page, after you have successfully logged into the receiver Web GUI. It provides the name given to the receiver, the type of receiver (e.g. SRA2100 or SFX2100) and the version of the main firmware application running in the unit. The name given to the receiver can be set using the Identity main menu tool bar item.

Logout

Icon

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Receiver

IP Address

Browser

Refresh Button

IDC Logo

www.intldata.ca

Receiver

Identity

Main Menu

Tool Bar Area

Main

Display

Area

DVB Carrier A/B

Lock Status

Display Area

RF Metrics

Refresh Rate

Selection

Figure 4-1 Main Menu Page with Identified Areas

Main Menu Tool Bar Area

The Main Menu Tool Bar presents all the main menu options available with this receiver. This area remains displayed at all times and you can click on any of the tool bar options at any time to return to a known location in the menu structure. The following main options are available:

Tool Bar Option Description

Identity Items associated with displaying and/or editing the identity of

the receiver, including name, MAC Addresses, IP addresses, DHCP enable, etc.

DVB Carrier Items associated with the RF tuner/demodulator setup of the

satellite receiver, including DVB Carrier A/B setup and LNB

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Tool Bar Option Description

attributes.

Data Delivery Items associated with all data delivery to/from the receiver,

including PID definitions, multicast and unicast routing, NAT, IGMP, Firewalling, etc.

XD Suite (SFX only)

Items associated with the configuration of the XD client application in the SFX2100.

Player (SFX only) Items associated with the configuration of the video/audio

streaming and file player applications in the SFX2100.

Logging Items associated with local and remote status logging of

receiver events, including RF status and faults.

Metrics Items associated with RF and data metrics displays.

Utilities Items associated with peripheral utilities required to properly

operate the receiver in your network, including Date/Time, Passwords, Ping, etc.

Upgrade Items associated with the upgrade of application firmware and

other software applications required to properly operate the receiver.

Documents (SFX only)

Area where the online User documentation can be stored on an SFX2100.

Each of these options with their associated submenu items will be described in detail later in this chapter.

Main Display Area

NOTE:

Displays updates in the Main Display Area are not affected by the RF Metrics Refresh Rate. If you wish to update content in this area at any time, you must use the Browser Refresh Button.

The Main Display Area provides all the dynamic display information for a given menu option. All submenu items and associated status displays, tables, and edit pages are displayed in this area. Best viewing is achieved with a browser running on a PC set for 1024 x 768 resolution or higher. The lowest resolution is 800 x 600, and all Web GUI pages have been designed to display all possible submenu options with this resolution, however, you may find that you will need to use scroll bars more often than when the resolution is set higher.

DVB Carrier A/B Lock Status

The DVB Carrier A/B Lock Status provides an updated lock status of the DVB carrier being currently received. This area remains displayed at all times and indicates that the receiver is locked to carrier A or B using a green square with the A or B letter inside. If the receiver is not locked to a carrier, the lock status will be indicated with a red square. This display area is updated at the periodic refresh rate set by the RF Metrics Refresh Rate (in seconds).

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

RF Metrics Display Area

The RF Metrics Display Area presents an updated RF status of the DVB carrier being currently received. This area remains displayed at all times and metrics information presented here is only valid if the DVB Carrier A/B Lock Status indicates that the receiver is locked to carrier A or B (green square). This display area is updated at the periodic refresh rate set by the RF Metrics Refresh Rate (in seconds). The following metrics are displayed:

Metric Description

Signal Quality This display gives an indication of the Quality of the incoming

data stream. This feature is useful to evaluate the quality of the incoming RF signal. A value from 0% to 100% is shown within the display. The higher the percentage, the better the Carrier To Noise (C/No) or quality of the digital carrier. This display is based on an estimation of incoming noise by the receiver front end and is accurate to ± 10%.

The display bar changes colour, according to the following:

Black – receiver is not locked to a carrier. Red – signal quality is too low (1% to 24%). Green – signal quality is in acceptable operating range (25% to

100%).

Signal Level This display provides a percentage of the signal strength of the

DVB carrier that is being received at the L-Band input to the receiver.

The display bar changes colour, according to the following:

Black – receiver is not locked to a carrier. Red – signal level is too low (1% to 19%) or too high (90% to

100%). Yellow – signal level is marginally too low (20% to 29%) or

marginally too high (80% to 89%). Green – signal level is in the acceptable AGC operating range

(30% to 80%).

LNB Offset This indicates what the current LNB offset is, based on the

automatic LNB drift tracking mechanism of the receiver. This value is added or subtracted from the set frequency in the DVB Carrier definition to tune to the carrier.

C/No This value represents the estimated carrier to noise ratio (in dB)

at the L-Band input to the receiver. The format of this value is x.y dB.

Eb/No This value represents the calculated Eb/No (in dB) at the input

to the receiver. This value is derived from the C/No value, with compensation for modulation scheme, reed-solomon FEC, viterbi FEC rate, and symbol rate of the carrier.

Viterbi BER This is the number of bit errors encountered during a fixed frame

length of incoming data. This data is obtained from the receiver

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Metric Description

demodulator chip, and is converted to a BER value in the form x.y E -z.

The accuracy of the values reported for C/No and Eb/No are typically ±1 dB up to a C/No of 15 dB (BER of 1 x 10

-12

). With C/No values higher than 15 dB, the accuracy degrades. (A DVB signal can be considered error free at greater than 7 dB Eb/No at 7/8 Viterbi, 4 dB Eb/No at 1/2 Viterbi).

All RF metrics are accurate to the above-mentioned limits, when AFC is set to Fast Acquisition mode. Performance Mode is recommended for use when large adjacent carriers are present. The presence of these adjacent carriers affects the C/No estimation circuitry, with the result that the accuracy of the RF metrics may change. Since the presence, type and strength of adjacent carriers are site specific, it is not possible to provide accurate C/No and Eb/No estimation in a general way. It is also difficult to determine what accuracy there would be with adjacent carriers present, or whether the accuracy would be any less than that stated above.

RF Metrics Refresh Rate Selection

This area allows you to specify what the refresh rate will be in seconds, for updates to the metrics displayed in the RF Metrics Display Area. Enter a value between 1 and 99, and click on the OK word to the right. This will cause the Web GUI to immediately provide the RF Metrics information to the browser at the specified period in seconds.

Main Menu Tool Bar

The Main Menu Tool Bar provides the top-level menu access for all functions that can be monitored and controlled in the receiver. The remainder of this chapter will describe these functions, as organized by menu items, shown in the following menu hierarchy:

Main Menu

Identity

DVB Carrier

Data Delivery PIDs and Ports NET PIDs

DVB Carriers

LNB Attributes

Show Edit

Back to Main Cancel Changes Send Update

Carrier Status Edit Carrier A Edit Carrier B Back to Main Cancel Changes Send Update

Show Attributes Edit Reset LNB Offset Back to Main Cancel Changes Send Update

ASYNC PIDs SYNC PIDs Other PIDs

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Edit Selected Add New PID Definition Delete Selected Delete ALL Back to Main Cancel Changes Send Update

Show IGMP Net1 (eth0) Show IGMP Net2 (eth1) Edit IGMP Net1 (eth0) Edit IGMP Net2 (eth1) Restore Net1 (eth0) defaults Restore Net2 (eth1) defaults Back to Main Cancel Changes Send Update

Show Table Edit Table Back to Main Cancel Changes Send Update

Show Table Edit Default Route Edit Table Back to Main Cancel Changes Send Update

Show SNAT Table Edit Default Rule Edit SNAT Table Back to Main Cancel Changes Send Update

Show DNAT Table Edit Default Rule Edit DNAT Table Back to Main Cancel Changes Send Update

Show Filtering Table Edit Default Rule Edit Filtering Table Back to Main Cancel Changes Send Update

Show Firewall Table Edit Default Rule Edit Firewall Table Back to Main Cancel Changes Send Update

Show TTL Table Edit TTL Table

Back to Main Cancel Changes Send Update

Show Log Edit Back to Main Cancel Changes Send Update

Logging

IGMP

Static Routing

Multicast Routing

Source NAT

Destination NAT

Filtering

Firewall

TTL Translation

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Metrics

Utilities

Upgrade Back to Main

Show RF & PID Metrics

Back to Main

Date and Time

Password Manager

Ping Utility

Restart Receiver Back to Main

GUI Server Setup Show Server Configuration

Back to Main

Show System Health Metrics Show Interface Metrics Show Filtering Metrics Edit Refresh Interval Edit RF Metrics Logging Interval

Cancel Changes Send Update

Show Edit Back to Main Cancel Changes Send Update

User: admin User: user User: monitor Back to Main Cancel Changes Change Password

Back to Main Cancel Changes PING

RESTART

Edit Server Configuration

Cancel Changes Send Update

Cancel Changes Upgrade

The Action of the Mouse

A standard web browser interface is used for most of the pages and tables in the Web GUI. In general, moving the mouse over an active icon or menu item and clicking the left mouse button will select that item. In the case of data entry into tables, etc., simply place the mouse cursor in the field you wish to edit and left click to select the field for data entry.

Common Menu Items

Referring to the menu hierarchy in the previous section, you can see at the lowest level that there are three menu items that basically repeat themselves throughout. These three items perform the following:

Menu Item Description

Back to Main No matter where you are, selecting this button will always return

you back to the Main Menu page, as shown in Figure 4-1.

Cancel Changes When working in an edit page, selecting this button will cancel

any edits that have been made on that edit page and return you back to the display page.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Menu Item Description

Send Update (or an action)

This third button is always an action button associated with sending of updates/edits to the receiver. Selecting this button will always result in some immediate action taken by the receiver. Usually, the action will be an update to the receiver’s configuration.

Drop-down Selection Boxes

Many edit pages utilize drop-down selection boxes, as shown in the example in Figure 4-2. Clicking on the arrow to the right of the current selection in the box causes the current selection, and all other available items to be shown. The dotted line is used to separate the current selection from all items available. If you move the mouse over the item you are interested in and click the left mouse button, the item will be selected as the new current selection. Clicking on the current selection or the dotted line always keeps the current selection. If the dotted line is selected, it will be shown in the box, but the current selection will still be valid (ie. no change in the current selection).

Current

Selection

Click here to activate drop-down box

Selecting the dashes is the same as selecting 1200 in this example

Drop-down Box List of available items – select and click on an item to make it the Current Selection

Figure 4-2 Drop-down Selection Box

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Identity

When the Identity Main Menu Tool Bar item is selected, the Identity page is displayed, which provides information relating to the identification of the receiver on the network, as well as the current running version of the receiver application firmware and any deviations (patches) to the firmware and options installed. A sample page is shown in Figure 4-3.

Figure 4-3 Identity Page

Aside from the Common Menu Items, the following menu items are available:

Menu Item Description

Show Selecting this button will always return you back to the Identity

page, as shown in Figure 4-3.

Edit Selecting this button will enter the Identity Edit page, as shown

in Figure 4-4.

When the Edit menu item is selected, the Identity Edit page will be displayed, as shown by the sample page in Figure 4-4. Each edit field is described after the figure.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

NOTE:

The MAC Address of each network interface is factory set and cannot be changed.

Figure 4-4 Identity Edit Page

The following fields can be edited on the Identity Edit page:

Edit Field Description

Name A meaningful name for the receiver can be entered in this field.

Up to 31 characters can be entered. This name will appear on the Main Menu page in the Receiver Identity area, as well as on the login page.

Description A meaningful description of the receiver can be entered in this

field. Up to 31 characters can be entered. This description information supplements the name given to the receiver, and only appears when the Identity page is displayed.

IP (Address) The IP address of the associated network interface, in dotted

decimal notation (e.g. 192.168.0.1). Each IP address must be unique and should be on a different subnet.

The network interface can be one of net1 (first Ethernet port eth0), net2 (second Ethernet port eth1), or sat (satellite receiver interface sat0).

Unless default IP addresses have been specifically requested, the factory default IP addresses are: 192.168.0.1 for the Net1 (eth0) interface, 192.168.1.1 for the Net2 (eth1) interface, and aa.bb.cc.dd for the satellite (sat0) interface.

Netmask The Netmask of the receiver in dotted decimal notation (e.g.

255.255.255.0).

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Edit Field Description

The factory default netmask is 255.255.255.0.

DHCP Indicates whether DHCP is enabled or disabled.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP – RFC 2131) is a communications protocol that allows Network Administrators to centrally manage and automate the assignment of Internet Protocol (IP) configuration, including IP address, subnet mask and default gateway (see Static Routing menu item) for Local Area Network (LAN) hosts in an organization’s LAN.

In order for a host, such as an SRA or SFX receiver, to connect to an organization’s LAN, a unique IP address must be assigned to it. Without DHCP, the IP configuration must be manually entered using the edit fields described above. However, if a host has moved to another point on the network, a new IP configuration may have to be assigned. DHCP lets a Network Administrator distribute IP configuration from a central point and automatically reconfigures a host when it is plugged into a different network.

If DHCP has been enabled for a network interface, the IP and Netmask fields will be ignored.

Default Gateway

DNS

If required, the IP address of the associated default gateway and the Domain Name Server (DNS), in dotted decimal notation (e.g.

192.168.0.1)

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

DVB Carrier

When the DVB Carrier Menu Tool Bar item is selected, a submenu page appears which provides menu items relating to the setup and maintenance of the incoming satellite feed (RF carriers and LNB). These are described in the following sections.

DVB Carrier Definitions

This submenu allows you to set the parameters for the 2 DVB Carriers, which can be received by the RF front end. The DVB Carrier Status page similar to Figure 4-5 will be displayed when the DVB Carrier Definitions submenu item is selected. The meaning of each carrier parameter is explained under the Carrier Edit page. In this example, the receiver is locked to the 8.57 Ms/s QPSK Carrier A at 1350 MHz.

Aside from the Common Menu Items, the following menu items are available:

NOTE:

The carrier lock status is not automatically updated on the status page. You must use the refresh button on your browser to update the lock status.

Menu Item Description

Carrier Status Selecting this button will always return you back to the DVB

Edit Carrier <X> Selecting this button will enter the Carrier Edit page for the DVB

Copy Carrier <X> These buttons allow you to copy the entire configuration of

Figure 4-5 DVB Carrier Status Page

Carrier Status page, as shown in Figure 4-5. The current status of both carrier A and B will always be displayed. The carrier that the receiver is locked to will have its title displayed in green letters and a message below the title will appear (see example in Figure 4-4).

Carrier selected, as shown in Figure 4-6.

NOTE:

If only one carrier is being used in the network, both Carrier A and B should be set to that carrier. This will reduce the lock time because the receiver does not have to check for two different carriers.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Menu Item Description

to Carrier <Y> Carrier to Carrier B, or visa versa. Pressing these buttons saves

you the time of having to enter the same information twice.

When the Edit Carrier <X> menu item is selected, the Carrier Edit page will be displayed, as shown by the sample page in Figure 4-6 for Carrier B. Each edit field is described after the figure.

NOTE:

The carrier symbol rate includes all applied FEC and must be an exact value.

Figure 4-6 Carrier Edit Page (Carrier B)

The following fields can be edited on the Carrier Edit page:

Edit Field Description

Description A meaningful name or description for the carrier can be entered

in this field. Up to 31 characters can be entered. This name will appear on the DVB Carrier page where the carrier status is provided. If a description is not specified, the word Empty will be displayed on the DVB Carrier page.

Frequency Is the L-Band receive frequency of the carrier in Hz, in the

numeric range 950000000 - 2150000000 Hz.

Symbol Rate Is the symbol rate of the carrier in symbols per second, in the

numeric range 1000000 - 45000000 S/s for earlier models of receivers, and 256000 - 45000000 S/s for later models.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Edit Field Description

Viterbi Rate Select the Viterbi FEC rate of the carrier, using one of the options:

Auto, 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8, 8/9 (if 8PSK/16QAM option is used).

The following Viterbi FEC/Modulation Type combinations are possible (in accordance with DVB specifications):

1. Auto Detect (all Modulation Types)

2. 1/2 (QPSK, BPSK only)

3. 2/3 (QPSK, BPSK, 8PSK only)

4. 3/4 (QPSK, BPSK, 16QAM only)

5. 5/6 (QPSK, BPSK, 8PSK only)

6. 7/8 (QPSK, BPSK, 16QAM only)

7. 8/9 (8PSK only)

NCC PID Is the PID number of the NCC PID (in hex), in the numeric range

0x20 to 0x1FFE. Specifying 0 disables the NCC PID.

Modulation Type Select the modulation type, using one of the options: QPSK; or

BPSK, or 8PSK and 16QAM if your model is equipped with this option.

NOTE:

The Polarization only selects the LNB output voltage. To turn the LNB power on or off, you must use the Supply Select item, under the LNB Attributes submenu.

Enable 22kHz Tone

Enables or disables the 22 kHz tone to the LNB. The 22 kHz tone is used to select the L-Band frequency band for output by the LNB, where Disabled (off) selects 950 to 1950 MHz, and Enabled (on) selects 1100 MHz to 2150 MHz.

Polarization Is the polarization of the LNB, and sets the output DC voltage

from the receiver to the LNB, using one of the options: h for horizontal (18VDC standard or 15 VDC optional) and v for vertical (13VDC standard or 11 VDC optional).

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

LNB Attributes

This submenu allows you to set the parameters for controlling the LNB. All LNB attributes are common to both DVB Carriers. The LNB Attributes page similar to Figure 4-7 will be displayed when the LNB Attributes submenu item is selected. The meaning of each attribute is explained under the Edit LNB Attributes page.

(The LNB Offset)

On the LNB Attributes page, the LNB offset is updated to the current value whenever the page is updated (either through menu selection or browser refresh). The LNB Offset that is displayed is the stored frequency offset in kHz between the frequency set by the user (in the DVB Carrier Definitions) and the actual frequency that the receiver is locked to. Every 10 seconds, the receiver calculates the difference between the set frequency and the frequency being used by the RF front-end demodulator when it acquired lock. If the difference is greater than five percent of the symbol rate, this difference is added to the accumulated drift. If the accumulated drift is greater than 1.5 MHz (1500 kHz), it is stored as a positive or negative LNB Offset, which is then displayed on the GUI on both the metrics area at the bottom of the screen, and the LNB Attributes page on refresh. On startup or during carrier lock, the receiver is tuned at the set frequency plus this LNB offset. This LNB Offset can be reset to 0.0.

NOTE:

The LNB Offset is not automatically updated on the LNB Attributes page. You must use the refresh button on your browser to update the LNB Offset.

Figure 4-7 LNB Attributes Page

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Aside from the Common Menu Items, the following menu items are available:

Menu Item Description

Show Attributes

Selecting this button will always return you back to the LNB Attributes page, as shown in Figure 4-7. The current LNB offset value in kHz is displayed, as calculated by the receiver as it compensates for LNB drift.

Edit Selecting this button will enter the Edit LNB Attributes page, as

shown in Figure 4-8.

NOTE:

The LNB Attributes are applicable to both DVB Carriers.

Reset LNB Offset

This will reset the receiver’s internal LNB drift tracking offset frequency back to 0.0 kHz.

The following fields can be edited on the Edit LNB Attributes page:

Edit Field Description

Frequency Reversal

Figure 4-8 Edit LNB Attributes Page

Enables or disables LNB frequency reversal. Off is the default.

Frequency reversal permits the use of other LNB variants that may use low side Local Oscillators (LOs) instead of high side LOs. The use of LNBs such as older C-Band type with low side LOs can cause spectral inversion, and this feature can make the LNB appear

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Edit Field Description

“normal” when setting the L-Band frequency of the DVB Carrier using the Carrier Edit <X> page (see previous section).

NOTE:

Supply Select turns on or off the LNB power supply only. The voltage actually being output is determined by the Polarization setting in the DVB Carrier Edit page.

Supply Select Enables or disables the LNB power supply, which supplies DC

voltage to the LNB from the L-Band connector on the rear panel. When enabled, the DC voltage output will be determined by the polarization setting from the Carrier Edit <X> page (see previous section).

AGC Optimization

The AGC optimization type, using one of the options: performance mode or fast acquisition mode.

Type

Performance Mode

– this mode forces the receiver to step through individual gain stages in the Digital Filter to determine the best Bit Error Rate (BER) performance. This feature should only be used if there are large adjacent carriers to the DVB Carrier of interest. Lock acquisition will generally be slower if this mode is selected.

Fast Acquisition Mode

– this mode forces the receiver to select a default Digital Filter that performs well under most conditions. This is the default mode and provides the fastest lock acquisition time.

AFC Range The AFC range in Hz, in the numeric range 0 to 2000.0 kHz (0 to 2

MHz), in steps of 0.1 kHz. If this field is not edited, an AFC range of 10% of the carrier symbol rate is default.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Data Delivery

When the Data Delivery Tool Bar item is selected, a submenu page appears which provides menu items relating to the routing, filtering, firewalling, address translation and output of data on the receiver interfaces. These are described in the following sections.

In order to understand how the various data delivery functions work, you should understand the path IP packets will take as they are processed by the receiver. This data flow is demonstrated in the Data Flow Diagram of Figure 4-9. In this flow, IP packets can originate from two primary sources: the satellite interface (sat0) after PID Filtering and MPE Deencapsulation, or the network (LAN) interfaces.

As shown in Figure 4-9, the receiver processes IP packets that enter, leave, and pass through it. Basically, there is a chain for each of these paths. Any packet entering the receiver goes through the PREROUTING and INPUT chains. Any packet that the receiver sends out to the network goes through the OUTPUT and POSTROUTING chains. Any packet that the receiver picks up on one network and sends to another goes through the FORWARD chain.

Many of the menu items available under Data Delivery maintain tables that allow you to set up certain rules in each of these chains that decide what happens to packets of data that pass through them. With every packet, the rules in the appropriate table in the chain are checked to see if any of them match. The first one that matches will decide the outcome of that packet. If none of the rules match, then the default rule or policy of the whole chain will be the final decision maker.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

(

)

(

)

(GUI Edited Table)

NETWORK

Incoming IP Packets from other network devices (eth0, eth1, etc.)

Firewalling

(INPUT)

DVB CARRIER

DVB Packets

PID Filtering

PIDs and Ports

MPE Frame

De-encapsulation

IP Packets from sat0

TTL Translation

PREROUTING

Destination NAT (PREROUTING)

Input

Routing Decisions

Static Routing,

Multicast Routing,

IGMP

(GUI Edited Table)

(GUI Edited Tables)

(Local Process Controlled Table)

(GUI Edited Table)

Local Processes

e.g. XD, Video Streaming,

etc. (mostly in the SFX)

Output

Routing Decisions

Gateways, etc.

TTL Translation

(OUTPUT)

Source NAT

(OUTPUT)

Firewalling (OUTPUT)

Source NAT

(POSTROUTING)

NETWORK

Filtering

(FORWARD)

(GUI Edited Table)

Figure 4-9 Data Flow Diagram

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

PIDs and Ports

This submenu provides all the functions that allow you to setup the PID filtering for all relevant data streams in the DVB Transport Stream.

(PID Filtering and PID Types)

Up to 250 PID streams can be filtered by the receiver, regardless of type, however, there are restrictions on how many PIDs of a type can be assigned to a port. Aside from special types such as the NetManager NCC PID, there are four types of PIDs, as organized by four distinct PID Lists:

NOTE:

Up to 250 PID streams can be filtered by the receiver, regardless of type, however, there are restrictions on how many PIDs of a type can be assigned to a port. Whenever a PID is inserted into a PID list, it will use one PID filter in the receiver, whether that PID is enabled for output or not.

1. Net PIDs

– these are the IP network data streams that are processed by the IP Stack in the receiver and forwarded either to internal applications that use IP data, or for output on a network device, such as an Ethernet port. All data in Net PIDs are encapsulated using Multi-Protocol Encapsulation (MPE). Up to 250 PIDs can be assigned to the Net PID List, and enabled for output on the network device port(s), depending on routing, filtering, firewall rules, etc..

If the Cyphercast option is installed in your receiver, then the ECM/EMM PID required by Cyphercast must be assigned in the Net PID List. This can be done either directly here, under PIDs and Ports, or in the Cyphercast configuration page.

The Network Control Channel PID is an MPE encapsulated Net type PID as well, however, it is a special PID, used internally by the receiver to decode NetManager control commands. It is setup in the DVB Carrier Definitions, and will not appear in the Net PID List. However, it will use one of the 250 available PID filters, if enabled.

2. Async PIDs

– these are the data streams that are available for output on the ASYNC (RS-232) port. All data in an Async PID is encapsulated using MPE as well. Up to 250 PIDs can be assigned to the Async PID List, but only one PID can be enabled for output to the ASYNC port at a time.

3. Sync PIDs

- these are the data streams that are available for output on the SYNC (RS-422) port. All data in a sync PID is encapsulated using a proprietary method specific to IDC MX series encapsulators. Up to 250 PIDs can be assigned to the Sync PID List, but only one PID can be enabled for output to the SYNC port at a time.

4. Other PIDs applications, such as the ASI Output option. These PIDs do not conform to any one of the types and rules above and are not routed to one of the standard output ports.

When the PIDs and Ports submenu item is selected, a PID List is displayed on a page similar to Figures 4-10 to 4-13. Generally, the Net PID List (Figure 4-10) will be displayed by default. You can select any other PID list by pressing one of the PID type buttons on the left of the page (i.e. one of NET PIDs, ASYNC PIDs, SYNC PIDs, and Other PIDs).

– these are PIDs that are filtered and may be used for other

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Figure 4-10 Net PID List Page

The display fields and columns in the Net PID List (Figure 4-10) have the following meaning:

Column/Field Description

NET port(s) enabled

This is a check box, which is used to enable or disable all network devices that are capable of IP data output. Generally, this will affect data output at the Ethernet (NET1/eth0 and NET2/eth1) ports.

Radio Buttons Clicking on the radio button will select a PID in the list. Once

selected, you can use the Edit Selected button to edit the PID definition, or Delete Selected to delete the PID from the list. Only one PID can be selected at a time.

PID # This is the numeric value for the PID, displayed in decimal and

hexadecimal in brackets.

Enabled These check boxes authorize each individual PID for output.

Overall, the NET Port(s) enabled check box (see above) has to be turned on for these check boxes to have any effect.

Description This is a text description of the PID, as entered when the PID was

defined using the Add New PID Definition or Edit Selected menu items.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Aside from the Common Menu Items, the following menu items are available:

Menu Item Description

NET PIDs Selecting this button will always return you back to the Net PID List

page, as shown in the example in Figure 4-10. All PIDs currently assigned as type Net will be displayed, whether they are enabled for output on a network device (port) or not.

ASYNC PIDs Selecting this button will always return you back to the Async PID

List, as shown in the example in Figure 4-11. All PIDs currently assigned as type Async will be displayed, whether they are enabled for output on the Async port or not.

SYNC PIDs Selecting this button will always return you back to the Sync PID

List, as shown in the example in Figure 4-12. All PIDs currently assigned as type Sync will be displayed, whether they are enabled for output on the Sync port or not.

Other PIDs Selecting this button will always return you back to the Other PID

List, as shown in the example in Figure 4-13. All PIDs currently assigned as type Other will be displayed, whether they are enabled for output or not.

NOTE:

When you select the Delete Selected or Delete ALL buttons, you will be disabling data services at the output of the receiver, if the PID(s) and port are enabled.

Edit Selected Selecting this button will enter the Edit PID Definition page (see

example in Figure 4-15) for the PID selected in the list (using the radio button on the left hand side of the list).

Add New PID Definition

Selecting this button will enter the Add New PID Definition page, as shown in Figure 4-14. This will add a new PID to the list, so no selection is required.

Delete Selected

Selecting this button will remove a selected PID (using the radio button on the left hand side of the list) from the PID list. PIDs are deleted whether they are enabled or not.

Delete ALL Selecting this button will remove all PIDs from the PID list. All PIDs

will be deleted whether they were enabled or not.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Figure 4-11 Async PID List Page

The display fields and columns in the Async PID List (Figure 4-11) have a similar meaning to the Net PID List fields and columns, with following exceptions:

Column/Field Description

PID Rate This is the baud rate (bps) that the Async Port will be set to when

the data is output from this PID. Effectively, this is the maximum data rate for the data received from this PID – it could be received from the satellite at a slower rate, but will be output from the Async Port at the baud rate shown.

No PIDs Enabled

Since only one PID can be assigned to the Async Port at any one time, the enable column was implemented using radio buttons instead of check boxes. Radio buttons force a single selection to be made, so the valid selection of No PIDs Enabled has to be provided, which means no PIDs are authorized for output on the async port.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Figure 4-12 Sync PID List Page

The display fields and columns in the Sync PID List (Figure 4-12) have a similar meaning to the Async PID List fields and columns, with following exceptions:

Column/Field Description

Inverted X.21 Mode

This selects normal X.21 balanced signals, or inverted X.21 balanced signals for countries where X.21 signals are reversed.

PID Rate This field specifies the output clocking rate of the Sync Port in bits

per second. Allowable values are between 1 and 10000000 bps inclusive. The actual output rate of the sync port may vary around this value by up to 10 parts per million to compensate for jitter in the incoming data.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Figure 4-13 Other PID List Page

The display fields and columns in the Other PID List (Figure 4-13) have a similar meaning to the Net PID List fields and columns, except these are PIDs with no specific port assignment. Additional columns are added when the ASI Output option is installed, for example. See the ASI Option appendix for more information.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

NOTE:

For ports where only 1 PID can be output at a time (e.g. Async and Sync), use caution when enabling a new PID and pressing Send Update. Doing so will disable any PID already enabled for that port.

Figure 4-14 Add New PID Definition Page

The Add New PID Definition page allows you to define a new PID, of any type based on the destination port (Net, Async, Sync, Other). Once the Send Update has occurred, the PID will be placed in appropriate PID List, based on its type. The following fields can be edited on the Add New PID Definition page:

Edit Field Description

PID # The PID number in the decimal range 32 to 8190, or hexadecimal

range 0x20 to 0x1FFE, must be entered here.

Enabled Selecting this check box will enable or disable the PID for output.

PID Type The radio buttons allow you to select one type, based on the desired

destination port for data output. This selection determines which PID List will “own” the PID.

The Async Port and Sync Port require a data rate to be entered:

• Async data rates are the standard RS-232 port baud rates: 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, and 115200 bps.

• Sync data rates can be entered in the range 1 to 10000000 bps.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Edit Field Description

Description A meaningful name or description for the PID can be entered in this

field. Up to 31 characters can be entered. This name will appear on the PID List page where the PID information is provided. If a description is not specified, the field will display nothing.

Figure 4-15 Edit PID Definition Page

The Edit PID Definition page (example in Figure 4-15) allows you to edit a current PID definition, of a PID selected from one of the PID Lists (Net, Async, Sync, Other). The fields have the same meaning as the Add New PID Definition page. Once the Send Update has occurred, the PID will be updated in appropriate PID List, based on its type. You can change a PID type from this page. Doing so will move the PID from its current PID List to a new PID List.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

IGMP

The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP V2 – RFC 2236) is an Internet Protocol that provides the means for a computer to report its multicast group membership to adjacent routers, allowing it to “tune-in” to multicast transmissions destined for that group.

IP Multicasting allows a host receiver to send content to one or more other computers that have identified themselves as being interested in receiving that content, known as a multicast group. Multicasting can be used for such applications as broadcasting streaming media, sending course content in distance learning applications, or delivering financial information to branch offices in enterprise applications.

IGMP operates in networks where the receiver is directly connected to the subnet. The receiver issues IGMP queries and receives IGMP membership reports directly.

When the IGMP submenu item is selected under Data Delivery, the IGMP page is displayed for a selected Ethernet network interface. A sample page is shown in Figure 4-16 for the Net1 (eth0) Ethernet interface.

Aside from the Common Menu Items, the following menu items are available:

Menu Item Description

Show IGMP <interface>

Figure 4-16 IGMP Page for Net1

Selecting this button will always return you back to the IGMP page for the selected Ethernet network interface, as shown in Figure 4-16.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Menu Item Description

Edit IGMP <interface>

Selecting this button will enter the IGMP Edit page, as shown in Figure 4-17, for the selected Ethernet network interface.

Restore <interface> Defaults

Selecting this button will enter the IGMP Edit page, but with factory default values inserted into the edit fields automatically. You may then wish to edit these values, in the same manner used when the Edit IGMP buttons were pressed.

The following default values are inserted:

IGMP Disabled (pass all multicast packets out the network interface) Robustness Variable = 2. Query Interval = 125 seconds. Query Response Interval = 10 seconds. Last Member Query Interval = 1 seconds. Last Member Query Count = 2. Starting Query Interval = 31 seconds. Starting Query Count = 2.

The individual IGMP variables displayed are explained with the IGMP Edit page. When the Edit menu item is selected, the IGMP Edit page will be displayed, as shown by the sample page in Figure 4-17. Each edit field is described after the figure.

Figure 4-17 IGMP Edit Page

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

The following fields can be edited on the IGMP Edit page:

Edit Field Description

IGMP Enabled A check in this field enables or disables IGMP support. If

IGMP is disabled, the receiver outputs all multicast packets.

Robustness Variable This field is related to the expected packet loss on the

subnet. IGMP is robust to (Robustness Variable – 1) packet losses. The default value is 2.

Query Interval This field sets the frequency at which General Queries are

sent out on the LAN, via the Ethernet interface. The default value is 125 seconds.

Query Response Interval

Last Member Query Interval

This field sets the amount of time a node on the LAN has to respond to an IGMP query. The default value is 10 seconds.

This field sets the maximum response time to a GroupSpecific Query that is sent after a Leave Group Message is received from a node on the LAN. The default value is 1 second.

Last Member Query Count

This field sets the number of Group-Specific Queries that are sent out in response to a Leave Group Message. The default value is equal to the Robustness Variable value.

Startup Query Interval This field sets the frequency at which queries are sent out on

startup of a multicast transmission. The default value is ¼ of the Query Interval.

Startup Query Count This field sets the number of queries sent out on startup,

using the Startup Query Interval. The default value is equal to the Robustness Variable.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Static Routing

The Static Routing submenu maintains the static routing table associated with the receiver. Each receiver can support up to 32 static routes. The routing subsystem determines where outgoing unicast IP packets are sent and applies to all IP packets, regardless of the network interface they originated from.

Static unicast routing is done using the Linux Route facility. Additional information can be obtained online with the manual at sites such as http://www.linuxcentral.com Pages, Administrative and Privileged commands). Additionally, you can contact IDC Customer Service for additional information (see Chapter 5).

Packets are routed according to the following rules:

1. IP packets can originate from any of the available network interfaces and are processed by the receiver in accordance with the data flow in Figure 4-9.

2. Routes may be entered in any order and allow IP packets to be routed out a gateway, according to the destination address and netmask.

3. Packets addressed to a device on a receiver subnet are sent out on the applicable physical network to which the receiver is attached.

(Linux Man

4. Packets addressed to the global (i.e. limited) broadcast address are sent out on all the applicable physical networks to which the receiver is attached.

5. Packets addressed to the receiver’s subnet broadcast address are sent out on the applicable physical network to which the receiver is attached.

6. Multicast packets are sent out on the physical network in accordance with the Multicast Routing rules (see Multicast Routing section).

7. Packets addressed to other subnets are sent to the appropriate gateway as defined in the routing table.

8. All packets that cannot be sent out using the rules described above (1-7) are discarded by the receiver.

9. An entry that has its Network Address and Netmask both set to 0.0.0.0 will represent a Default Gateway, and only one such entry will be allowed in the receiver. This Default Gateway will be the same as the Default Gateway displayed on the Identity page (see Figure 4-3).

10. The Destination Address, Netmask, and Gateway entries must be expressed in dotted decimal notation.

11. The Gateway Address cannot be a loopback, broadcast, or multicast address and must be on the same subnet as the receiver. However, it cannot be the receiver’s IP address.

12. The Network Address cannot be a loopback, broadcast or multicast address, and cannot be on the same subnet as the receiver.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

When the Static Routing submenu item is selected under Data Delivery, the Static Routing page is displayed for all network interfaces, including the optional modem interface, if the Modem Option is installed. A sample Static Routing page is shown in Figure 4-18.

Figure 4-18 Static Routing Page

The columns in the Static Routing page are described under the Edit Routing Table page (Figure 4-19), with the following exceptions:

Column Description

To Edit, Go To:

The routing table displays all static routes from all network interfaces in the receiver, including optional interfaces such as the modem/PPP interface. Some of the routes associated with these interfaces are configured with other GUI edit pages besides the Edit Table page here. This column tells you where you must edit the configuration. In the example in Figure 4-18, the second entry in the table is edited using the Identity Edit page (see Figure 4-4). The words “Edit Table” appear if the route can be edited locally.

Destination For locally configured routes, this field corresponds to the

Destination entered in the Routing Table Edit page (Figure 4-19). For routes established elsewhere (Identity Edit page for example), the destination is the subnet derived from the IP Address and Netmask of the associated network interface.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Aside from the Common Menu Items, the following menu items are available:

Menu Item Description

Show Table Selecting this button will always return you back to the Static

Routing page, as shown in Figure 4-18.

Edit Table Selecting this button will enter the Edit Routing Table page, as

shown in Figure 4-19.

The following fields can be edited on the Edit Routing Table page:

Edit Field Description

Interface This drop down box selects the network interface that is

Gateway A valid gateway address in dotted IP address notation is entered

Figure 4-19 Edit Routing Table Page

applicable to the route. In most typical routing configurations, you want this to remain on AutoSelect, which allows any interface to be applicable.

here, according to the rules above. An address of 0.0.0.0 implies that there is no gateway.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Edit Field Description

Destination Enter a destination IP Address in dotted decimal notation,

according to the rules above.

Netmask To define the applied network, enter a Netmask in dotted

decimal notation, according to the rules above.

In addition to the edit fields there are four table row manipulation keys:

Key Description

Add Add the entered information above the table to the table as the

last row.

Remove Delete the selected (highlighted) row.

Up If there is more than one row in the table, move the selected row

up one row.

Down If there is more than one row in the table, move the selected row

down one row.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Multicast Routing

The Multicast Routing submenu maintains the multicasting routing table associated with the receiver. Each receiver can support up to 200 multicast routes. The multicast routing function is responsible for managing multicast packets that are traveling through the receiver (host), from external interface to external interface. It is not responsible for managing multicast packets that are delivered to an application running on the receiver, but the two functions are inter-related.

Multicast packets are routed through the host according to a multicast routing table that is maintained by the Linux kernel. Initially, this table is empty and incoming multicast packets are routed according to a default route.

Multicast Routing follows a number of rules, as described in the list below. Many rules are best described by examples. Many of these rules are more important in the SFX series receiver, where a number of local applications may be consuming multicast packets (e.g. streaming media decoder).

1. IP packets can originate from any of the available network interfaces and are processed by the receiver in accordance with the data flow in Figure 4-9.

2. Up to 200 routes may be entered in the Multicast Routing Table, and order doesn’t matter, assuming that routes don’t overlap.

3. For assigned routes, IGMP is supported.

4. Should the multicast routing function be terminated for any reason, all multicast routes are automatically erased by the Linux kernel.

5. If a multicast packet is received, whose source IP Address matches the IP Address of one of the receiver's network interfaces, that packet is discarded regardless of the current multicast routing rules. This happens because the receiver assumes it is involved in a multicast loop. For a normal device, this behaviour does not pose a problem, but in a satellite environment, care must be taken to ensure that the IP address of a multicast source at the head end does not match the IP address of any receiver interface.

6. Local Application Rule 1

: A multicast route is not required in order for a local application program running on the receiver to receive multicast packets. However, a static route is needed so that the program can properly set up a receiving socket (e.g. XD in the SFX). For example, if a program needs to receive multicast data on 224.1.1.1 from the sat0 interface, the following static route must be entered (see Static Routing section of this manual):

Interface: sat0 Gateway: 0.0.0.0 Destination: 224.1.1.1 Netmask: 255.255.255.255

or the more general route could be entered:

Interface: sat0

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Gateway: 0.0.0.0 Destination: 224.0.0.0 Netmask: 240.0.0.0

7. Local Application Rule 2

: Suppose that multicast packets with a destination of

224.1.1.1:1234 are being received from eth0 and are being forwarded to eth1 via a multicast route. If there is no local application running, the packets will be routed through the system as expected. Now suppose that an application that listens to

224.1.1.1:1234 is started on the receiver (e.g. streaming video). As stated above, a static route is required for this application to bind to the receiving socket. If this static route is:

Interface: eth0 Gateway: 0.0.0.0 Destination: 224.1.1.1 Netmask: 255.255.255.255

packets will be routed to both the application and eth1. However, if the static route is:

Interface: eth1 Gateway: 0.0.0.0 Destination: 224.1.1.1 Netmask: 255.255.255.255

then the packets will be routed to the application, but not to eth1. If you stop the application, 224.1.1.1 packets will be output on eth1. If you then restart the application, output of 224.1.1.1 packets on eth1 will stop.

8. Local Application Rule 3

: Suppose that multicast packets with a destination of

224.1.1.1:1234 are being received on eth0 and are being forwarded to all interfaces (eth0 and eth1) by a multicast route. Now suppose that an application that listens to 224.1.1.1:1234 is started on the receiver (e.g. XD). As stated above, a static route is required for this application to bind to the receiving socket. If this static route is:

Interface: eth0 Gateway: 0.0.0.0 Destination: 224.1.1.1 Netmask: 255.255.255.255

then the application will get two copies of each packet. This anomaly occurs because Linux forwards one packet to the application immediately when it is received on the interface and another is received when the kernel routing subsystem bounces a copy of the packet back to the interface for transmission.

9. Local Application Rule 4

: Suppose that multicast packets with a destination of

224.1.1.1:1234 are being received on sat0 and are being forwarded to all interfaces (eth0 and eth1) by a multicast route. Now suppose that an application

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

that listens to 224.1.1.1:1234 is started on the receiver (e.g. XD). A static route for this application is entered, to bind to the receiving socket:

Interface: eth0 Gateway: 0.0.0.0 Destination: 224.1.1.1 Netmask: 255.255.255.255

From the previous Local Application Rule #2, we know that output of 224.1.1.1 on eth0 will stop. Output of 224.1.1.1 on eth1 will, however, continue. Only if the incoming multicast IP packets are fragmented, the application may see occasional packet loss. The loss will not be constant or periodic and no packets will be lost on the eth1 output. The rule in this case is to bind the static route to an interface that is not being used to output the multicast traffic (via a multicast route). So in the above example, you must change the static route to:

Interface: sat0 Gateway: 0.0.0.0 Destination: 224.1.1.1 Netmask: 255.255.255.255

When the Multicast Routing submenu item is selected under Data Delivery, the Multicast Routing page is displayed for all network interfaces. A sample Multicast Routing page is shown in Figure 4-20.

The columns in the Multicast Routing page are described under the Edit Default Route page (Figure 4-21) and Edit Multicast Routing Table page (Figure 4-22).

Figure 4-20 Multicast Routing Page

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Aside from the Common Menu Items, the following menu items are available:

Menu Item Description

Show Table Selecting this button will always return you back to the Multicast

Routing page, as shown in Figure 4-20.

Edit Default Route

Selecting this button will enter the Edit Default Route page, as shown in Figure 4-21.

Edit Table Selecting this button will enter the Edit Multicast Routing Table

page, as shown in Figure 4-22.

Figure 4-21 Edit Default Route Page

The following fields can be edited on the Edit Default Route page:

Edit Field Description

Interface This drop down box selects the network interface that will be the

destination of the routed multicast IP packets. This selection allows you to specify exactly where the multicast packets should be output, given the Action below specifying how they should be output. The following selections are available:

NET1 (eth0) – output only on NET1 port.

NET2 (eth1) – output only on NET2 port.

NET1&2 (eth0&1) – output on both NET1 and NET2.

ALL – output on all network interfaces.

Action This drop down box selects the default action that will be taken

NOTE

There are limitations to the selection combinations of Interface and Action: “ALL” cannot be used with “ACCEPT PACKET”, but must be used for “DISCARD PACKET” and “PASS TO IGMP”. If “PASS TO IGMP” is used, make sure IGMP is enabled on the appropriate network interface(s).

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Edit Field Description

on the multicast packet being routed. The following selections are available:

ACCEPT_PACKET – accept packet and output according to Interface above.

DISCARD_PACKET – throw away the packet.

PASS_TO_IGMP – pass the packet on to for processing by the IGMP function, before being output on the Interface above.

NOTE: The

SourceIP fields are optional, and “Any” is the implied default value.

Figure 4-22 Edit Multicast Routing Table Page

The following fields can be edited on the Edit Multicast Routing Table page:

Edit Field Description

Interfaces This drop down box selects the network interface that will be the

destination of the routed multicast IP packets. This selection allows you to specify exactly where the multicast packets should be output. The selections available are the same as the Interface in the Edit Default Route.

! Clicking on the “not” (!) check box negates the logic for the

immediate edit field to the right of the check box. For example, !

224.1.1.1 for the Source IP would mean all IP addresses whose source IP address is not 224.1.1.1.

SourceIP Enter a source IP Address in dotted decimal notation, here if you

wish. “Any” is implied if no Source IP is entered.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Edit Field Description

SourceIP Mask Enter a netmask for the source IP address. This field is optional

and 255.255.255.255 is implied if no SourceIP mask is entered.

MulticastIP Enter a multicast destination IP Address in dotted decimal

notation. You must enter a valid multicast address in this field.

NOTE: The

same limitations apply for Interfaces and Action as in the previous note.

MulticastIP Mask Enter a netmask for the multicast IP address. This field is

optional and 255.255.255.255 is the default if you do not enter a mask.

Action Select an action to be taken on the multicast IP packet being

routed. The selections available are the same as the Action in the Edit Default Rule.

In addition to the edit fields there are four table row manipulation keys:

Key Description

Add Add the entered information above the table to the table as the

last row.

Remove Delete the selected (highlighted) row.

Up If there is more than one row in the table, move the selected row

up one row.

Down If there is more than one row in the table, move the selected row

down one row.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Source NAT

The Source Network Address Translation (SNAT) submenu is responsible for maintenance of source IP address translation, which forms part of the IP packet Filtering Function in the receiver. This table defines up to 25 rules that can be used to filter on various IP packet headers and perform a source address translation or masquerading function. The rules in the Source NAT Table are applied to IP packets, typically independent of the network interface they originated from.

Source NAT is done using options within the Linux iptables facility. More information on iptables can be obtained from the manual or tutorial online at sites such as

http://www.redhat.com

the iptables tutorial (see Chapter 5). The iptables facility under Linux is extensive and complex; and Source NAT is only one part of this facility. The Source NAT submenu is intended to make configuration of this function more user friendly.

Source NAT of incoming IP packets is performed by the receiver according to the following rules:

1. IP packets can originate from any of the available network interfaces and are processed by the receiver in accordance with the data flow in Figure 4-9.

. Additionally, you can contact IDC Customer Service for a copy of

2. Up to 25 rules can be maintained by the Source NAT table. Rules are executed from the first rule to the last rule, in sequence. Order matters; the first rule that is applicable to the incoming packet is applied. Subsequent rules after that are ignored.

3. If there is no applicable rule in the Source NAT table, the default rule is applied to the incoming packet.

4. Packets can be filtered by Source IP Address/Port or Destination IP Address/Port, or both. Ports can only be specified if UDP or TCP protocols are selected.

5. Two types of actions can be taken on the incoming packet where a rule applies:

a) Source Network Address Translation (SNAT) – the source IP address/port on

the incoming packet is replaced with a new source address/port, as specified in the rule; or

b) Masquerading (MASQ) – the source IP address on the incoming packet is

replaced with the IP address of the network interface of the receiver, which will be used to output the packet onto the LAN (e.g. NET1/eth0 IP address if the packet is going out the NET1/eth0 interface).

6. Provision is made in the rule table for additional iptables options, allowing for maximum flexibility. However, extreme care should be taken when using additional options, and the iptables manual must be consulted in this case. (One example of an option usage could be to specify a source network interface for the incoming packets.)

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

When the Source NAT submenu item is selected under Data Delivery, the Source NAT Table page is displayed for all applicable source address translation rules. A sample Source NAT Table page is shown in Figure 4-23.

Figure 4-23 Source NAT Table Page

The columns in the Source NAT Table page are described under the Edit Source NAT Default Rule page (Figure 4-24) and Edit Source NAT Table page (Figure 4-25).

Aside from the Common Menu Items, the following menu items are available:

Menu Item Description

Show SNAT Table

Selecting this button will always return you back to the Source NAT Table page, as shown in Figure 4-23.

Edit Default Rule Selecting this button will enter the Edit Source NAT Default Rule

page, as shown in Figure 4-24.

Edit SNAT Table Selecting this button will enter the Edit Source NAT Table page,

as shown in Figure 4-25.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

NOTE: The

Default Rule should always be set to ACCEPT. DROP should only be used under certain circumstances and may cause all packets not to be forwarded for further processing.

Figure 4-24 Edit Source NAT Default Rule Page

The following fields can be edited on the Edit Source NAT Default Rule page:

Edit Field Description

Rule Status This drop down box selects the default action that will be taken

on an incoming IP packet if there was no rule match in the SNAT Table. The following selections are available:

ACCEPT – accept packet and continue processing and output.

DROP – throw away the packet.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

NOTE: The

Original Source IP/Port and Destination IP/Port fields are optional, and “Any” is the implied default value.

Figure 4-25 Edit Source NAT Table Page

The following fields can be edited on the Edit SNAT Table page:

Edit Field Description

! Clicking on the “not” (!) check box negates the logic for the

immediate edit field to the right of the check box. For example, !224.1.1.1 for the Source IP would mean all IP packets whose source IP address is not 224.1.1.1.

Original Source Enter a source IP Address in dotted decimal notation, here if you

wish to filter IP packets on their original source address.

Port

(Original Source, Destination IP, &

Enter a TCP or UDP Port number in any of the three port fields, if you wish. If a port is specified, you must select a specific protocol (TCP or UDP).

New Source)

Destination IP Enter a Destination IP Address in dotted decimal notation, here

if you wish to filter IP packets on their destination IP address.

New Source Enter a New Source IP address that will replace the Original

Source IP address, if using SNAT as the action.

Protocol Enter the IP packet protocol. Options are Any Protocol (default),

UDP/IP Protocol, or TCP/IP Protocol. If port numbers are specified in a rule, you must select UDP or TCP.

NOTE: New

SNAT rules committed to the table (when Send Update is pressed) may not take immediate effect if the applicable IP data stream is in progress. A suitable period of no data activity for that IP stream (as determined by Linux) may need to take place first before the new rule applies.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Edit Field Description

Action Select an action to be taken for source address translation. The

two selections are:

SNAT – replace Original Source IP/port with New Source IP/Port and continue processing the packet.

MASQ – Masquerade – replace Original Source IP with the IP address of the network interface where the IP packet is output. NOTE: A new Port number is selected by the receiver.

Options This field is available for “power users”, who wish to enter

additional iptables options. Care must be taken in doing so, and order may matter on entry of options. Some combinations may not be possible. Consult the Linux iptables manual or tutorial for more information.

In addition to the edit fields there are four table row manipulation keys:

Key Description

Add Add the entered information above the table to the table as the

last row.

Remove Delete the selected (highlighted) row.

Up If there is more than one row in the table, move the selected row

up one row.

Down If there is more than one row in the table, move the selected row

down one row.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Destination NAT

The Destination Network Address Translation (DNAT) submenu is responsible for maintenance of destination IP address translation, which forms part of the IP packet Filtering Function in the receiver. This table defines up to 25 rules that can be used to filter on various IP packet headers and perform a destination address translation. The rules in the Destination NAT Table are applied on incoming IP data, typically independent of the network interface the packet originated from.

Destination NAT is done using options within the Linux iptables facility. More information on iptables can be obtained from the manual or tutorial online at sites such as

http://www.redhat.com

the iptables tutorial (see Chapter 5). The iptables facility under Linux is extensive and complex; and Destination NAT is only one part of this facility. The Destination NAT submenu is intended to make configuration of this function more user friendly.

Destination NAT of incoming IP packets is performed by the receiver according to the following rules:

1. IP packets can originate from any of the available network interfaces and are processed by the receiver in accordance with the data flow in Figure 4-9.

. Additionally, you can contact IDC Customer Service for a copy of

2. Up to 25 rules can be maintained by the Destination NAT table. Rules are executed from the first rule to the last rule, in sequence. Order matters; the first rule that is applicable to the incoming packet is applied. Subsequent rules after that are ignored.

3. If there is no applicable rule in the Destination NAT table, the default rule is applied to the incoming packet.

4. Packets can be filtered by Source IP Address/Port or Destination IP Address/Port, or both. Ports can only be specified if UDP or TCP protocols are selected.

5. Where a rule applies to a packet, Destination Network Address Translation (DNAT) will be performed every time – the destination IP address/port on the incoming packet is replaced with a new destination address/port, as specified in the rule.

When the Destination NAT submenu item is selected under Data Delivery, the Destination NAT Table page is displayed for all applicable destination address translation rules. A sample Destination NAT Table page is shown in Figure 4-26. (One example of an option usage could be to specify a source network interface for the incoming packets.)

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Figure 4-26 Destination NAT Table Page

The columns in the Destination NAT Table page are described under the Edit Destination NAT Default Rule page (Figure 4-27) and Edit Destination NAT Table page (Figure 4-28).

Aside from the Common Menu Items, the following menu items are available:

Menu Item Description

Show DNAT Table

Selecting this button will always return you back to the Destination NAT Table page, as shown in Figure 4-26.

Edit Default Rule Selecting this button will enter the Edit Destination NAT Default

Rule page, as shown in Figure 4-27.

Edit DNAT Table Selecting this button will enter the Edit Destination NAT Table

page, as shown in Figure 4-28.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

NOTE: The

Default Rule should always be set to ACCEPT. DROP should only be used under certain circumstances and may cause all packets not to be forwarded for further processing.

Figure 4-27 Edit Destination NAT Default Rule Page

The following fields can be edited on the Edit Destination NAT Default Rule page:

Edit Field Description

Rule Status This drop down box selects the default action that will be taken

on an incoming IP packet if there was no rule match in the DNAT Table. The following selections are available:

ACCEPT – accept packet and continue processing and output.

DROP – throw away the packet.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

NOTE: The

Source IP/Port and Destination IP/Port fields are optional, and “Any” is the implied default value.

Figure 4-28 Edit Destination NAT Table Page

The following fields can be edited on the Edit DNAT Table page:

Edit Field Description

! Clicking on the “not” (!) check box negates the logic for the

immediate edit field to the right of the check box. For example, !224.1.1.1 for the Source IP would mean all IP packets whose source IP address is not 224.1.1.1.

Source IP Enter a source IP Address in dotted decimal notation, here if you

wish to filter IP packets on their source address.

Port

(Source IP, Destination IP, &

Enter a TCP or UDP Port number in any of the three port fields, if you wish. If a port is specified, you must select a specific protocol (TCP or UDP).

New Destination)

Destination IP Enter a Destination IP Address in dotted decimal notation, here

if you wish to filter IP packets on their destination IP address.

New Destination Enter a New Destination IP address that will replace the original

Destination IP address.

Protocol Enter the IP packet protocol. Options are Any Protocol (default),

UDP/IP Protocol, or TCP/IP Protocol. If port numbers are specified in a rule, you must select UDP or TCP.

NOTE: New

DNAT rules committed to the table (when Send Update is pressed) may not take immediate effect if the applicable IP data stream is in progress. A suitable period of no data activity for that IP stream (as determined by Linux) may need to take place first before the new rule applies.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Edit Field Description

Options This field is available for “power users”, who wish to enter

In addition to the edit fields there are four table row manipulation keys:

Key Description

Add Add the entered information above the table to the table as the

last row.

Remove Delete the selected (highlighted) row.

Up If there is more than one row in the table, move the selected row

up one row.

Down If there is more than one row in the table, move the selected row

down one row.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Filtering

The Filtering submenu is responsible for maintenance of the Filtering Table in the receiver. This table defines up to 25 rules that can be used to filter on various IP packets, either by IP header or MAC address criteria. Filtering is performed on incoming IP data, regardless of the network interface the packet originated from.

Filtering is done using options within the Linux iptables facility. More information on iptables can be obtained from the manual or tutorial online at sites such as

http://www.redhat.com

the iptables tutorial (see Chapter 5). The iptables facility under Linux is extensive and complex; and Filtering is only one part of this facility. The Filtering submenu is intended to make configuration of this function more user friendly.

Filtering of incoming IP packets is performed by the receiver according to the following rules:

1. IP packets can originate from any of the available network interfaces and are processed by the receiver in accordance with the data flow in Figure 4-9.

2. Up to 25 filtering rules can be maintained by the table. Rules are executed from the first rule to the last rule, in sequence. Order matters; the first rule that is applicable to the incoming packet is applied. Subsequent rules after that are ignored.

. Additionally, you can contact IDC Customer Service for a copy of

3. If there is no applicable rule in the Filtering table, the default rule is applied to the incoming packet.

4. Packets can be filtered by Source IP Address/Port or Destination IP Address/Port, or both. Ports can only be specified if UDP or TCP protocols are selected.

5. Provision is made in the rule table for additional iptables options, allowing for maximum flexibility. However, extreme care should be taken when using additional options, and the iptables tutorial must be consulted in this case. (One example of an option usage is for MAC Address Filtering, using options like: “–m mac –mac- source xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx”.)

When the Filtering submenu item is selected under Data Delivery, the Filtering Table page is displayed for all applicable filtering rules. A sample Filtering Table page is shown in Figure 4-29.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Figure 4-29 Filtering Table Page

The columns in the Filtering Table page are described under the Edit Default Filtering Rule page (Figure 4-30) and Edit Filtering Table page (Figure 4-31).

Aside from the Common Menu Items, the following menu items are available:

Menu Item Description

Show Filtering Table

Selecting this button will always return you back to the Filtering Table page, as shown in Figure 4-29.

Edit Default Rule Selecting this button will enter the Edit Default Filtering Rule

page, as shown in Figure 4-30.

Edit Filtering Table

Selecting this button will enter the Edit Filtering Table page, as shown in Figure 4-31.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Figure 4-30 Edit Default Filtering Rule Page

The following fields can be edited on the Edit Default Filtering Rule page:

Edit Field Description

Rule Status This drop down box selects the default action that will be taken

on an incoming IP packet if there was no rule match in the Filtering Table. The following selections are available:

ACCEPT – accept packet and continue processing and output.

DROP – throw away the packet.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

NOTE: The

Source IP/Port and Destination IP/Port fields are optional, and “Any” is the implied default value.

Figure 4-31 Edit Filtering Table Page

The following fields can be edited on the Edit Filtering Table page:

Edit Field Description

! Clicking on the “not” (!) check box negates the logic for the

immediate edit field to the right of the check box. For example, !224.1.1.1 for the Source IP would mean all IP packets whose source IP address is not 224.1.1.1.

Source IP Enter a source IP Address in dotted decimal notation, here if you

wish to filter IP packets on their source IP address.

Port

(Source IP, Destination IP)

Enter a TCP or UDP Port number in any of the two port fields, if you wish. If a port is specified, you must select a specific protocol (TCP or UDP).

Destination IP Enter a Destination IP Address in dotted decimal notation, here

if you wish to filter IP packets on their destination IP address.

Protocol Enter the IP packet protocol. Options are Any Protocol (default),

UDP/IP Protocol, or TCP/IP Protocol. If port numbers are specified in a rule, you must select UDP or TCP.

Action Select an action to be taken for the filtering operation. The three

selections are:

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Edit Field Description

ACCEPT – accept packet and continue processing and output.

REJECT – throw away the packet, but send an ICMP Destination Unreachable message back on the originating host network interface. This is useful for eth0 and eth1 originating packets. If the packets originated on the sat0 interface, the ICMP message will be thrown away.

DROP – throw away the packet.

Options This field is available for “power users”, who wish to enter

In addition to the edit fields there are four table row manipulation keys:

Key Description

Add Add the entered information above the table to the table as the

last row.

Remove Delete the selected (highlighted) row.

Up If there is more than one row in the table, move the selected row

up one row.

Down If there is more than one row in the table, move the selected row

down one row.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Firewall

The Firewall submenu is responsible for maintenance of the Firewall Tables in the receiver and is really a more advanced filtering mechanism. There are two tables: one for the input chain and one for the output chain, and up to 25 rules can be used to filter on various IP packets, either by IP header or MAC address criteria in each table. Firewall tables are used to filter on incoming IP data, regardless of the network interface the packet originated from.

Firewalling is done using options within the Linux iptables facility. More information on iptables can be obtained from the manual or tutorial online at sites such as

http://www.redhat.com

the iptables tutorial (see Chapter 5). The iptables facility under Linux is extensive and complex; and Firewalling is only one part of this facility. The Firewall submenu is intended to make configuration of this function more user friendly.

Firewalling is performed by the receiver according to the following rules:

1. IP packets can originate from any of the available network interfaces and are processed by the receiver in accordance with the data flow in Figure 4-9.

2. Up to 50 filtering rules can be entered in the editable table – 25 for INPUT and 25 for OUTPUT. Rules are executed from the first rule to the last rule, in sequence. Order matters; the first rule that is applicable to the incoming packet is applied. Subsequent rules after that are ignored.

. Additionally, you can contact IDC Customer Service for a copy of

3. If there is no applicable rule in the appropriate Firewall table, the corresponding Input or Output default rule is applied to the packet.

4. Packets can be filtered by Source IP Address/Port or Destination IP Address/Port, or both. Ports can only be specified if UDP or TCP protocols are selected.

5. Provision is made in the rule table for additional iptables options, allowing for maximum flexibility. However, extreme care should be taken when using additional options, and the iptables manual must be consulted in this case. (One example of an option usage is for MAC Address Filtering, using options like: “–m mac –mac- source xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx”.)

When the Firewalling submenu item is selected under Data Delivery, the Firewall Table page is displayed for all applicable firewalling rules. A sample Firewall Table page is shown in Figure 4-32.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Figure 4-32 Firewall Table Page

The columns in the Firewall Table page are described under the Edit Default Firewall Rule page (Figure 4-33) and Edit Firewall Table page (Figure 4-34). There are two independent tables displayed: one for the Input Chain and one for Output Chain. In the example in Figure 4-32, some rules have been defined for the Input Chain, but none for the Output Chain.

Aside from the Common Menu Items, the following menu items are available:

Menu Item Description

Show Firewall Table

Selecting this button will always return you back to the Firewall Table page, as shown in Figure 4-32.

Edit Default Rule Selecting this button will enter the Edit Default Firewall Rule

page, as shown in Figure 4-33.

Edit Firewall Table

Selecting this button will enter the Edit Firewall Table page, as shown in Figure 4-34.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Figure 4-33 Edit Default Firewall Rule Page

The following fields can be edited on the Edit Default Firewall Rule page:

Edit Field Description

Input Chain Rule Status

This drop down box selects the default action that will be taken on an IP packet processed at the Input Chain, if there was no rule match in the Firewall Table (INPUT rules). The following selections are available:

ACCEPT – accept packet and continue processing.

DROP – throw away the packet.

Output Chain Rule Status

This drop down box selects the default action that will be taken on an IP packet processed at the Output Chain, if there was no rule match in the Firewall Table (OUTPUT rules). The following selections are available:

ACCEPT – accept packet and continue processing and output.

DROP – throw away the packet.

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NOTE: The

Source IP/Port and Destination IP/Port fields are optional, and “Any” is the implied default value.

Figure 4-34 Edit Firewall Table Page

The following fields can be edited on the Edit Filtering Table page:

Edit Field Description

! Clicking on the “not” (!) check box negates the logic for the

immediate edit field to the right of the check box. For example, !224.1.1.1 for the Source IP would mean all IP packets whose source IP address is not 224.1.1.1.

Source IP Enter a source IP Address in dotted decimal notation, here if you

wish to filter IP packets on their source IP address.

Port

(Source IP, Destination IP)

Enter a TCP or UDP Port number in any of the two port fields, if you wish. If a port is specified, you must select a specific protocol (TCP or UDP).

Destination IP Enter a Destination IP Address in dotted decimal notation, here

if you wish to filter IP packets on their destination IP address.

Chain Select the Input or Output Chain. You can have 25 rules for the

input chain and 25 rules for the output chain.

Protocol Enter the IP packet protocol. Options are Any Protocol (default),

UDP/IP Protocol, or TCP/IP Protocol. If port numbers are specified in a rule, you must select UDP or TCP.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Edit Field Description

Action Select an action to be taken for the firewall operation. The three

selections are:

ACCEPT – accept packet and continue processing and output.

DROP – throw away the packet.

Options This field is available for “power users”, who wish to enter

In addition to the edit fields there are four table row manipulation keys:

Key Description

Add Add the entered information above the table to the table as the

last row.

Remove Delete the selected (highlighted) row.

Up If there is more than one row in the table, move the selected row

up one row.

Down If there is more than one row in the table, move the selected row

down one row.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

TTL Translation

The Time-To-Live (TTL) Translation submenu is responsible for maintenance of the TTL Translation Table. This table defines up to 25 rules that can be used to modify the value of the TTL parameter in the header of an IP packet being processed by the receiver, regardless of the network interface the packet originated from.

TTL Translation to incoming IP packets is performed by the receiver according to the following rules:

1. Up to 25 rules can be maintained by the table. Rules are executed from the first rule to the last rule, in sequence. All rules are executed for every packet.

2. IP packets can originate from any of the available network interfaces and are processed by the receiver in accordance with the data flow in Figure 4-9.

3. The TTL value of an incoming packet can never be less than 1.

4. The TTL value of an outgoing packet must be greater than 0.

5. The TTL Translation Table rules are applied before the incoming packet is further processed by the IP Stack (routing and so on). Multiple rules in the table can applied to the same incoming packet, if they are applicable, and the effect will be cumulative.

6. The operating system always decrements the TTL value of the incoming packet by 1, after the TTL Translation Table rules have been applied.

7. If an incoming packet has a TTL of 1 when it arrives, and no TTL Translation rules cause the TTL value to change, it will be decremented to 0. Therefore, it will not be output on any network device, however, it is still available if an internal application requires it. If not, the packet is discarded.

8. The legal range of TTL values is 1 to 255. Any TTL SET, INC (increment), or DEC (decrement) operation will be clamped at 1 or 255, if the operation causes a TTL value to occur outside the legal range.

When the TTL Translation submenu item is selected under Data Delivery, the TTL Translation Table page is displayed for all applicable TTL Translation rules. A sample TTL Translation Table page is shown in Figure 4-35.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Figure 4-35 TTL Translation Table Page

The columns in the table are described under the Edit TTL Translation Table page.

Aside from the Common Menu Items, the following menu items are available:

Menu Item Description

Show TTL Table Selecting this button will always return you back to the TTL

Translation Table page, as shown in the example in Figure 4-35.

Edit TTL Table Selecting this button will enter the Edit TTL Translation Table

page, as shown in the example in Figure 4-36.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

NOTE: If an

IP Address or Port number field is left blank, “Any” is the implied default value.

Figure 4-36 Edit TTL Translation Table Page

The following fields can be edited on the Edit TTL Translation Table page:

Edit Field Description

! Clicking on the “not” (!) check box negates the logic for the

immediate edit field to the right of the check box. For example, !

224.1.1.1 for the Source IP would mean all IP packets whose source IP address is not 224.1.1.1.

Source IP Enter a source IP Address in dotted decimal notation, here if you

wish to select IP packets on their source IP address.

(Source) Port Enter a source Port number here if you wish. If a port is

specified, you must select a specific protocol.

Destination IP Enter a destination IP Address in dotted decimal notation, here if

you wish to select IP packets on their destination IP address.

(Destination) Port Enter a destination Port number here if you wish. If a port is

specified, you must select a specific protocol.

Protocol Enter the IP packet protocol. Options are Any Protocol (default),

UDP/IP Protocol, or TCP/IP Protocol.

SRA/SFX2100 SERIES SATELLITE RECEIVER

Edit Field Description

Time To Live You must enter a TTL value operation in this field. Operations

can be SET, INC (increment) and DEC (decrement). TTL values must be between 1 and 255. All TTL operations follow the rules above.

In addition to the edit fields there are four table row manipulation keys:

Key Description

Add Add the entered information above the table to the table as the

last row.

Remove Delete the selected (highlighted) row.

Up If there is more than one row in the table, move the selected row

up one row.

Down If there is more than one row in the table, move the selected row

down one row.

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