Interlogix GE-DS-242-PoE User Manual

GE-DS-242-PoE Managed
Ethernet Switch User Manual

P/N 1069174 • REV B • ISS 13NOV14

Copyright

Disclaimer The information in this document is subject to change without notice. UTC Fire & Security

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European Union directives 2004/108/EC (EMC Directive): Hereby, UTC Building & Industrial Systems,Inc declares

Contact information For contact information see our Web site: www.interlogix.com

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© 2014 United Technologies Corporation

Interlogix is part of UTC Building & Industrial Systems,Inc. a unit of United Technologies
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Interlogix

3211 Progress Drive, Lincolnton, NC 28092 USA

Authorized EU manufacturing representative:
UTC Climate Controls & Security B.V.,

Kelvinstraat 7, 6003 DH Weert, Netherlands

N4131

device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a
commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio
frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction
manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.

You are cautioned that any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party
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radio interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme á la norme NMB-003du Canada.

that this device is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant
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as unsorted municipal waste in the European Union. For proper recycling, return this
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.

Content

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

Package Contents 2
Product Description 2
How to Use this Manual 3
Product Features 4
Product Specifications 7

Chapter 2 Installation 11

Hardware Description 12
Switch Installation 15

Chapter 3 Switch Management 21

Requirements 22
Management Access Overview 22
Web Management 23
SNMP-Based Network Management 25
Administration Console 25
Protocols 27
Management Architecture 28

Chapter 4 Web-Based Management 29

About Web-based Management 29
System 34
VLAN Configuration 55
Rapid Spanning Tree 72
Trunking 85
Forwarding and Filtering 93
IGMP Snooping 96
QoS Configuration 102
Access Control List 108
MAC Limit 113

802.1X Configuration 115
Power Over Ethernet 123

Chapter 5 Console Management 129

Login in the Console Interface 129
Configure IP address 131
Commands Level 133

GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual i

Chapter 6 Command Line Interface 135

Operation Notice 135
System Commands 136
Switch Static Configuration 137
Trunk Configuration 143
VLAN Configuration 146
Misc Configuration 155
Administration Configuration 157
MAC limit 162
Port Mirroring Configuration 163
Quality of Service 164
MAC Address Configuration 167
STP/RSTP Commands 170
SNMP 175
IGMP 179

802.1x Protocol 181
Access Control List 185
Binding 190
Power over Ethernet Commands 192

Chapter 7 Switch Operation 199
Chapter 8 Power Over Ethernet Overview 201

What is PoE? 201

Chapter 9 Troubleshooting 209
Appendix A RJ-45 Pin Assignment 211

Switch's RJ-45 Pin Assignments 211
10/100Mbps, 10/100Base-TX 212

ii GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual

Chapter 1

Introduction

The Interlogix GE-DS-242-PoE offers 24 10/100Mbps Fast Ethernet ports with 2

Gigabit TP/SFP combo ports (Port-25, 26). The two Gigabit TP/SFP combo ports
can be either 1000Base-T for 10/100/1000Mbps or 1000Base-SX/LX through
SFP (Small Form-Factor Pluggable) interface. The GE-DS-242-PoE has a high
performance switch architecture that is capable of providing non-blocking switch
fabric and wire-speed throughput as high as 8.8Gbps. Its two built-in GbE uplink
ports also offer incredible extensibility, flexibility and connectivity to the Core
switch or Server.

The PoE in-line power following the standard IEEE 802.3af makes the GE-DS-
242-PoE able to power on 24 PoE devices at the distance up to 100 meters

through the 4-pair Cat 5/5e UTP wire.

GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual 1

Chapter 1: Introduction

Package Contents

What’s in the box

Open the Managed Switch box and carefully unpack it. The box should contain
the following items:

The Managed Switch

x1

User’s manual CD
Installation Sheet
19” Rack mount accessory kit
Power cord
Rubber feet
RS-232 cable

x1

x1

x1

x1

X4

x1

If any of these are missing or damaged, please contact your dealer immediately.
If possible, retain the carton including the original packing material, and use them
to repack the product in case there is a need to return it.

Product Description

High Performance Wire-Speed Switching

The Interlogix GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Switch offers 24 Ethernet ports with 2
Gigabit TP / SFP combo ports (Port-25, 26). The type 24 Fast Ethernet ports of
GE-DS-242-PoE are 10 / 100Base-TX copper (RJ-45). These two Gigabit TP /
SFP combo ports of all models can be either 1000Base-T for 10/100/1000Mbps
or 1000Base-SX/LX through SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) interface. The
distance can be extended from 100 meters (TP), 550 meters (Multi-mode fiber),
up to above 10/50/70/120 kilometers (Single-mode fiber).

The series Managed Switch boasts a high performance switch's architecture that
is capable of providing non-blocking switch fabric and wire-speed throughput as
high as 8.8Gbps. Its two built-in GbE uplink ports also offer incredible
extensibility, flexibility and connectivity to the Core switches or Servers.

2 GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual

Chapter 1: Introduction

Power Over Ethernet

The PoE in-line power following the standard IEEE 802.3af makes the GE-DS­242-PoE able to power on 24 PoE devices at a distance of up to 100 meters
through the 4-pair Cat 5/5e UTP wire.

Cost-effective solution with SNMP monitor for Network deployment

Interlogix releases the cost-effective Managed Switch not only for catering to the
need of easy WEB-based management, but also the centralized SNMP
application to monitor the status of Switch and traffic per port. The key features
are:

 WEB / SSL / Telnet

 802.1Q / Q-in-Q VLAN

 Rapid Spanning Tree

 IGMP Snooping

 802.1X Authentication / RADIUS

 Access Control List

 SNMP and 4 RMON groups

How to Use this Manual

This User Manual is structured as follows:

Section Section Content

INTRODUCTION Product description with features and specifications

INSTALLATION

SWITCH MANAGEMENT

WEB CONFIGURATION Explains how to manage the Managed Switch by Web interface
CONSOLE

MANAGEMENT

Explains the functions of the Managed Switch, and how to physically
install the Managed Switch

Contains information about the software function of the Managed
Switch

Describes how to use the Console management interface

COMMAND LINE
INTERFACE

SWITCH OPERATION Explains how to operate the Managed Switch
POWER OVER

ETHERNET OVERVIEW

GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual 3

Explains how to manage the Managed Switch by Command Line
interface

Introduces the IEEE 802.3af PoE standard and PoE provision of the
Managed Switch.

Chapter 1: Introduction

TROUBLESHOOTING Explains how to troubleshoot the Managed Switch
APPENDIX A Contains cable information for the Managed Switch

Product Features

 Physical Port

o 24-Port 10/100Base-TX RJ-45 with PoE Injector
o 2-Port Gigabit TP/SFP combo interfaces
o Reset button for system management
o 1 RS-232 male DB9 console interface for Switch basic management

and setup

 Layer 2 Features

o Complies with the IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.3u, IEEE 802.3ab, IEEE

802.3z Gigabit Ethernet standard

o High performance Store and Forward architecture, broadcast storm

control, runt/CRC filtering eliminates erroneous packets to optimize the
network bandwidth

o 8K MAC Address Table, automatic source address learning and

ageing

o Support VLANs:

 IEEE 802.1Q Tag-Based VLAN

 Up to 255 VLANs groups, out of 4096 VLAN IDs

 Port-Based VLAN

 Q-in-Q tunneling (Double Tag VLAN)

o Supports Link Aggregation

 Up to 13 Trunk groups

 Up to 8 ports per trunk group with 1.6Gbps bandwidth (Full

Duplex mode)

 IEEE 802.3ad LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol)

 Cisco ether-Channel (Static Trunk)

o Support Spanning Tree Protocol:

 STP, IEEE 802.1D (Classic Spanning Tree Protocol)

4 GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual

Chapter 1: Introduction

 RSTP, IEEE 802.1w (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol)

 Quality of Service

o 4 priority queues on all switch ports
o Traffic classification:

 IEEE 802.1p Class of Service

 IP TOS / DSCP code priority

 Port Base priority

o Strict priority and weighted round robin (WRR) CoS policies
o Ingress/Egress Bandwidth control on each port

 Multicast

o IGMP Snooping v1 and v2
o IGMP Query mode for Multicast Media application
o 256 multicast groups

 Security

o Layer 2 / 3 / 4 Access Control List (ACL)
o IEEE 802.1x Port-Based Authentication
o MAC address Filtering and MAC address Binding
o IP address security management to prevent unauthorized intruder
o Port Mirroring to monitor incoming or outgoing traffic on a particular

port

 Management

o Switch Management Interface

 Web switch management

 Telnet Command Line Interface

 SNMP v1, v2c switch management

 Console local management

o SNMP Trap for alarm notification of events
o Four RMON groups 1, 2, 3, 9 (history, statistics, alarms, and events)
o Built-in Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) client
o Firmware upload / download via TFTP or HTTP
o Configuration upload / download via TFTP or HTTP

GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual 5

Chapter 1: Introduction

o Supports Ping function

 Power over Ethernet

o Complies with IEEE 802.3af Power over Ethernet End-Span PSE
o Up to 24 IEEE 802.3af devices powered
o Support PoE Power up to 15.4 watts for each PoE ports
o Auto detect powered device (PD)
o Circuit protection prevent power interference between ports
o Remote power feeding up to 100m
o PoE Management

 Total PoE power budget control

 Per port PoE function enable/disable

 PoE Port Power feeding priority

 Per PoE port power limit

 PD classification detection

 PoE Power Supply Over temperature Protection

6 GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual

Chapter 1: Introduction

Product Specifications

GE-DS-242-PoE

HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS

10/100Mbps Copper Ports 24 10/100Base-TX RJ-45 Auto-MDI/MDI-X ports

1000Mbps Copper Ports 2 10/100/1000Base-T RJ-45 port

SFP/mini-GBIC Slots 2 SFP interfaces, shared with Port-25 and Port-26

Switch Architecture Store-and-Forward

Switch Fabric 8.8Gbps / non-blocking

Switch Throughput 6.547Mpps@64Bytes

Address Table 8K entries

Share Data Buffer 512Kbytes

Flash 4Mbytes

DRAM 16Mbytes

Maximum Frame Size 9K Bytes

Flow Control

LED

Dimensions (W x D x H) 440 x 300 x 44 mm, 1U height

Weight 4.3kg

Power Requirement 100~240V AC, 50-60 Hz

Power Consumption 400 Watts (Full PoE Load)

Operating Temperature Standard: 0 to 50°C

Operating Humidity 10% to 90% (Non-condensing)

Storage Temperature -20 to +70°C

Back pressure (for Half-Duplex)

IEEE 802.3x Pause Frame (for Full-Duplex)

Power, FAN Alarm

Link/Activity (Green)

PoE In-Use (Amber)

1000 LNK/ACT (Green)

10/100 LNK/ACT (Green)

Layer 2 Functions

Management Interface Console, Telnet, Web Browser, SNMP v1, v2c

GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual 7

Chapter 1: Introduction

Port disable/enable

Port Configuration

Port Status

VLAN

Spanning Tree

Link Aggregation

Quality of Service

Auto-negotiation 10/100Mbps full and half duplex mode selection

Flow Control disable / enable

Bandwidth control and broadcast storm filter on each port

Display each port's speed duplex mode, link status, flow control
status, auto-negotiation status

Port-Based VLAN, up to 26 VLAN groups

IEEE 802.1q Tagged Based VLAN , 4K VLAN ID, up to 256 VLAN
groups

IEEE 802.1d Spanning Tree

IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree

Static Port Trunk

IEEE 802.3ad LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol)

Supports 13 groups of 8-Port trunk support

Traffic classification based on:

 Port-Based priority

 802.1p priority

 IP DSCP/TOS field in IP Packet

IGMP Snooping

v1 and v2

256 multicast groups and IGMP query

Bandwidth Control Per port ingress/egress bandwidth control in steps of128Kbps

Port Mirror RX / TX / Both

802.1x Port-Based Network access control

MAC Limit

Security

Static MAC

MAC Filtering

Access Control List Supports up to 220 rule entries

RFC-1157 SNMP MIB

RFC-1213 MIB-II

RFC-1215 Trap

SNMP MIBs

RFC-2863 Interface MIB

RFC-1493 Bridge MIB

RFC-2674 Extended Bridge MIB (Q-Bridge)

RFC-1643

Power over Ethernet

8 GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual

Chapter 1: Introduction

PoE Standard IEEE 802.3af Power over Ethernet / PSE

PoE Power Supply Type End-Span

PoE Power Output Per Port 48V DC, 350mA . Max. 15.4 watts

Power Pin Assignment 1/2(+), 3/6(-)

PoE Power Budget 380 Watts

Max. number of Class 2

24

PD

Max. number of Class 3

24

PD

Standards Conformance

Safety FCC Part 15 Class A, CE

IEEE 802.3 10Base-T

IEEE 802.3u 100Base-TX

IEEE 802.3z Gigabit SX/LX

IEEE 802.3ab Gigabit 1000Base-T

IEEE 802.3x Flow Control and Back pressure

Standards Compliance

IEEE 802.1d Spanning tree protocol

IEEE 802.1w Rapid spanning tree protocol

IEEE 802.1p Class of service

IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Tagging

IEEE 802.1x Port Authentication Network Control

IEEE 802.3af Power over Ethernet

• 50 / 125µm or 62.5 / 125µm multi-mode fiber cable:

- 100Base-FX: up to 2km

- 1000Base-SX: up to 220/550m

Cable-Fiber-optic cable

• 9 / 125µm single-mode cable, provides long distance for:

- 100Base-FX: up to 10/40/60km (vary on fiber transceiver or
SFP module)

- 1000Base-LX / ZX: 10 / 15 / 20 / 30 / 40 / 50 / 60 / 70 / 120km
(vary on fiber transceiver or SFP module)

GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual 9

Chapter 1: Introduction

10 GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual

Chapter 2

Installation

This section describes the hardware features and installation of the Managed
Switch on the desktop or rack mount.

For easier management and control of the Managed Switch, familiarize yourself
with its display indicators and ports. Front panel illustrations in this chapter
display the unit’s LED indicators.

Read this chapter completely before connecting any network device to the
Managed Switch.

GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual 11

Chapter 2: Installation

Hardware Description

Switch Front Panel

The Switches front panel provides a simple interface for monitoring the Managed
Switch. Figure 2-1 shows the front panel of the Managed Switch.

Figure 2-1: GE-DS-242-PoE Switch front panel

10/100Mbps TP Interface

Port-1~Port-24: 10/100Base-TX Copper, RJ-45 Twist-Pair: Up to 100 meters.

Gigabit TP Interface

Port-25, Port-26: 10/100/1000Base-T Copper, RJ-45 Twist-Pair: Up to 100
meters.

Gigabit SFP Slots

Port-25, Port-26: 1000Base-SX/LX mini-GBIC slot, SFP (Small Form-Factor
Pluggable) transceiver module: from 550 meters (Multi-mode fiber), up to
10/30/50/70/120 kilometers (Single-mode fiber).

Console Port

The console port is a DB9, RS-232 male serial port connector. It is an interface
for connecting a terminal directly. Through the console port, it provides rich
diagnostic information includes IP Address setting, factory reset, port
management, link status and system setting. Users may use the attached RS­232 cable in the package and connect to the console port on the device. After the
connection, users may run any terminal emulation program (Hyper Terminal,
ProComm Plus, Telix, Winterm and so on) to enter the device’s startup screen.

12 GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual

Chapter 2: Installation

Reset button

At the left of front panel, the Reset button is designed to reboot the Managed
Switch without turning the power off. The following table summarizes the Reset
button functions:

Reset Button Pressed and
Released

About 1~3 seconds Reboots the Managed Switch

Function

Resets the Managed Switch to Factory Default
configuration. The Managed Switch will then reboot and
load the default settings as below:

Until the PWR LED goes out

 Default Password: admin

 Default IP address: 192.168.0.100

 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

 Default Gateway: 192.168.0.254

LED Indicators

The front panels LEDs indicate instant status of port links, data activity and
system power. They help monitor the system and aid in troubleshooting when
necessary. The front panel LEDs are shown in Figure 2-2.

Figure 2-2: GE-DS-242-PoE LED panel

GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual 13

Chapter 2: Installation

 System

LED Color Function

PWR Green Lit: indicates there is power to the Switch

 Per 10/100Base-TX, PoE interfaces (Port-1 to Port-24)

LED Color Function

Lit: indicates the link through that port is successfully

LNK/ACT Green

PoE In Use Orange

established

Blink: indicares the Switch is actively sending or receiving
data over that port

Lit: indicates the port is providing 48VDC in-line power
Off: indicates the connected device is not a PoE Powered

Device (PD)

 Per 10/100/1000Base-T port/SFP interfaces

LED Color Function

Lit: indicates the port is operating at 1000Mbps

LNK/ACT 1000 Green

LNK/ACT 100 Green

Off: indicates the port is operating at 10Mbps or 100Mbps
Blink: indicates the Switch is actively sending or receiving

data over that port

Lit: indicates the port is operating at 100Mbps
Off: indicates the port is operating at 10Mbps or 1000Mbps
Blink: indicates the Switch is actively sending or receiving

data over that port

NOTE:

1. Press the RESET button once. The Switch will reboot automatically.

2. Press the RESET button for about 10 seconds. The Switch will revert to the
factory default mode; the entire configuration will be erased.

3. The 2 Gigabit TP/SFP combo ports are shared with port 25/26 of GE-DS-242­PoE. Both of them can operate at the same time.

14 GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual

Chapter 2: Installation

Switch Rear Panel

The rear panel of the Managed Switch includes an AC inlet power socket, which
accepts input power from 100 to 240VAC, 50-60 Hz. Figure 2-3 shows the rear
panel of the Managed Switch.

Figure 2-3: GE-DS-242-PoE Rear panel

3

2

POWER NOTICE:

1. The Managed Switch is a power-required device: it will not work unless it is
receiving power. If your networks must be active at all times, it is
recommended that the Switch be connected to a UPS (Uninterruptable Power
Supply) to prevent data loss or downtime.

2. In some areas, installing a surge suppression device may also help protect
your Managed Switch from being damaged by unregulated power surges or
current to either the Switch or the power adapter.

Switch Installation

This text describes how to install the Managed Switch and connect it as
necessary. Please read the following instructions, and perform the procedures in
the listed order.

Desktop/Shelf Installation

NOTE: Refer to the environmental restrictions listed in the Product Specifications

when selecting a location for the Managed Switch.

Step 1: Attach the rubber feet to the recessed areas on the bottom of the

Managed Switch.

Step 2: Place the Managed Switch on a desktop or shelf near an AC power

source, as shown in Figure 2-4.

GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual 15

Chapter 2: Installation

Step 3: Ensure there is enough ventilation space between the Managed Switch

and surrounding objects.

Figure 2-4: Typical placement of GE-DS-242-PoE on desktop

NOTE: Connection to the Managed Switch requires UTP Category 5 network

cabling with RJ-45 tips. Refer to the Cabling Specification in Appendix A for
further information.

Step 4: Connect the Managed Switch to network devices.

A. Connect one end of a standard network cable to the 10/100/1000 RJ-45
ports on the front of the Managed Switch.

B. Connect the other end of the cable to the network devices (printer servers,
workstations, routers etc).

Step 5: Connect the Managed Switch to supply power.

A. Connect socket end of the power cable to the socket on the Managed
Switch rear panel.

B. Connect the power cable plug to a standard wall outlet.

C. Switch the power switch on the rear panel to ON.

When the Managed Switch receives power, the Power LED should light and
remain solid Green.

Rack-mount Installation

Use the following instructions to install the Managed Switch in a 19-inch standard
rack.

16 GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual

Chapter 2: Installation

Step 1: Place the Managed Switch on a hard flat surface, with the front panel

positioned towards the front.

CAUTION: Use only the screws supplied with the mounting brackets. Damage

caused by using incorrect screws will invalidate the warranty.

Step 2: Attach the rack-mount bracket to each side of the Managed Switch. Use

the supplied screws attached to the package.

Figure 2-5 shows how to attach brackets to one side of the Managed Switch.

Figure 2-5: Attaching rack-mount brackets to the GE-DS-242-PoE

Step 3: Secure the brackets tightly, but do not overtighten screws.
Step 4: Follow the same steps to attach the second bracket to the opposite side.
Step 5: After the brackets are attached to the Managed Switch, use suitable

screws to securely attach the brackets to the rack, as shown in Figure 2-6.

Figure 2-6: Mounting the GE-DS-242-PoE in a rack

GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual 17

Chapter 2: Installation

Step 6: Follow steps 4 and 5 of the Desktop Installation section to connect the

network cabling and supply power to the Managed Switch.

SFP Transceiver Installation

This section describes how to insert an SFP transceiver into an SFP slot.

SFP transceivers are hot pluggable and hot swappable. You can insert and
remove a transceiver to and from any SFP port without powering down the
Managed Switch, as shown in Figure 2-7.

Figure 2-7: Plugging-in the SFP transceiver

Approved Interlogix SFP Transceivers

The Managed Switch supports both single-mode and multi-mode SFP
transceivers. The following list of approved Interlogix SFP transceivers is correct
at the time of publication:

1000Base-SX/LX SFP transceiver:

 SFP1000SX-220 SFP (1000BASE-SX SFP transceiver - Multi mode / 220m)

 SFP1000LX-10Km SFP (1000BASE-LX SFP transceiver - Single Mode /

10km)

18 GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual

Chapter 2: Installation

NOTE: It is recommended that only approved Interlogix SFP transceivers be

used on the Managed Switch. If you insert an SFP transceiver that is not
supported, the Switch will not recognize it.

Before connecting the other switches, workstations or Media Converter:

1. Make sure both sides of the SFP transceiver are the same media type (for

example: 1000Base-SX to 1000Base-SX, 1000Bas-LX to 1000Base-LX).

2. Verify that the fiber-optic cable type matches the SFP transceiver model.

 To connect to 1000Base-SX SFP transceiver, use multi-mode fiber cable (one

side must be male duplex LC connector type).

 To connect to 1000Base-LX SFP transceiver, use single-mode fiber cable

(one side must be male duplex LC connector type).

Connect the fiber cable:

1. Attach the duplex LC connector on the network cable into the SFP transceiver.

2. Connect the other end of the cable to a device (switches with SFP installed,

fiber NIC on a workstation, or a Media Converter).

3. Check the LNK/ACT LED of the SFP slot on the front of the Switch. Ensure

that the SFP transceiver is operating correctly.

4. Check the Link mode of the SFP port if the link failed. Co works with some

fiber-NICs or Media Converters, set the Link mode to "1000 Force" is needed.

Remove the transceiver module

1. Make sure there is no network activity by consult or check with the network

administrator, or through the management interface of the switch/converter (if
available) to disable the port in advance.

2. Remove the Fiber Optic Cable gently.

3. Turn the handle of the MGB module to horizontal.

4. Pull out the module gently through the handle.

GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual 19

Chapter 2: Installation

Figure 2-8: Pulling out the SFP transceiver

CAUTION: Never pull out the module without pulling the handle or the push bolts

on the module. Pulling out the module with too much force could damage the
module and SFP module slot of the Managed Industrial Switch.

20 GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual

Chapter 3

Switch Management

This chapter explains the methods that you can use to configure management
access to the Managed Switch. It describes the types of management
applications and the communication and management protocols that deliver data
between your management device (work-station or personal computer) and the
system. It also contains information about port connection options.

This chapter covers the following topics:

 Requirements

 Management Access Overview

 Administration Console Access

 Web Management Access

 SNMP Access

 Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading.

GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual 21

Chapter 3: Switch Management

Requirements

 Workstations of subscribers running Windows 98/ME, NT4.0, 2000/XP, MAC

OS9 or later, Linux, UNIX or other platform compatible with TCP/IP protocols.

 Workstation installed with Ethernet NIC (Network Interface Card)

 Ethernet Port connection

 Network cables - Use standard network (UTP) cables with RJ45 connectors.

 Above Workstation installed with WEB Browser and JAVA runtime

environment Plug-in

 Serial Port connection

 Above PC with COM Port (DB-9 / RS-232) or USB-to-RS-232 converter

NOTE: We recommended Internet Explore 6.0 or above to access the Managed

Switch.

Management Access Overview

The Managed Switch gives you the flexibility to access and manage it using any
or all of the following methods:

 Web browser interface

 An external SNMP-based network management application

 The Administration Console

The Administration Console and Web browser interface support are embedded in
the Managed Switch software and are available for immediate use. Each of these
management methods has their own advantages and disadvantages. Table 3-1
compares the three management methods.

22 GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual

Chapter 3: Switch Management

Table 3-1: Management Methods Comparison

Method Advantages Disadvantages

Web Browser  Ideal for configuring the switch

remotely

 Compatible with all popular

browsers

 Can be accessed from any

location

 Most visually appealing

SNMP Agent  Communicates with switch

functions at the MIB level

 Based on open standards

Console  No IP address or subnet needed

 Text-based

 Telnet functionality and

HyperTerminal built into Windows
95/98/NT/2000/ME/XP operating
systems

 Security can be compromised

(hackers need only know the IP
address and subnet mask)

 May encounter lag times on poor

connections

 Requires SNMP manager software

 Least visually appealing of all three

methods

 Some settings require calculations

 Security can be compromised

(hackers need only know the
community name)

 Must be near switch or use dial-up

connection

 Not convenient for remote users

 Modem connection may prove to be

unreliable or slow

 Secure

Web Management

The Managed Switch offers management features that allow users to manage
the Managed Switch from anywhere on the network through a standard browser
such as Microsoft Internet Explorer. After you set up your IP address for the
switch, you can access the Managed Switch's Web interface applications directly
in your Web browser by entering the IP address of the Managed Switch.

You can then use your Web browser to list and manage the Managed Switch
configuration parameters from one central location, just as if you were directly
connected to the Managed Switch's console port. Web Management requires
either Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 or later, Safari or Mozilla Firefox 2.0 or later.

GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual 23

Chapter 3: Switch Management

Figure 3-1: Web management setup

Figure 3-2: Web main screen of Managed Switch

24 GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual

Chapter 3: Switch Management

SNMP-Based Network Management

You can use an external SNMP-based application to configure and manage the
Managed Switch, such as SNMPc Network Manager, HP Openview Network
Node Management (NNM) or What'sup Gold. This management method requires
the SNMP agent on the switch and the SNMP Network Management Station to
use the same community string. This management method, in fact, uses two
community strings: the get community string and the set community string. If the
SNMP Net-work management Station only knows the set community string, it can
read and write to the MIBs. However, if it only knows the get community string, it
can only read MIBs. The default gets and sets community strings for the
Managed Switch are public.

Figure 3-3: SNMP management

Administration Console

The administration console is an internal, character-oriented, and command line
user interface for performing system administration such as displaying statistics
or changing option settings. Using this method, you can view the administration
console from a terminal, personal computer, Apple Macintosh, or workstation
connected to the switch's console (serial) port.

There are two ways to use this management method: via direct access or
modem port access. The following sections describe these methods. For more
information about using the console, refer to Chapter 5: Console Management.

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Chapter 3: Switch Management

Figure 3-4: Console management setup

Direct Access

Direct access to the administration console is achieved by directly connecting a
terminal or a PC equipped with a terminal-emulation program (such as
HyperTerminal) to the Managed Switch console (serial) port.

When using this management method, a straight DB9 RS-232 cable is required
to connect the switch to the PC. After making this connection, configure the
terminal-emulation program to use the following parameters:

 57600 bps

 8 data bits

 No parity

 1 stop bit

Figure 3-5: Terminal parameter settings

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Chapter 3: Switch Management

You can change these settings, if desired, after you log on. This management
method is often preferred because you can remain connected and monitor the
system during system reboots. Also, certain error messages are sent to the serial
port, regardless of the interface through which the associated action was
initiated. A Macintosh or PC attachment can use any terminal-emulation program
for connecting to the terminal serial port. A workstation attachment under UNIX
can use an emulator such as TIP.

Protocols

The Managed Switch supports the following protocols:

 Virtual terminal protocols, such as Telnet

 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

Virtual Terminal Protocols (Telnet)

A virtual terminal protocol is a software program, such as Telnet, that allows you
to establish a management session from a Macintosh, a PC, or a UNIX
workstation. Because Telnet runs over TCP/IP, you must have at least one IP
address configured on the Managed Switch before you can establish access to it
with a virtual terminal protocol.

Terminal emulation differs from a virtual terminal protocol in that you must
connect a terminal directly to the console (serial) port.

NOTE: See the Installation Sheet that came with this product for a Telnet
step-by-step procedure using Hyper Terminal.

To access the Managed Switch through a Telnet session:

1. Be Sure of the Managed Switch is configured with an IP address and the

Managed Switch is reachable from a PC.

2. Start the Telnet program on a PC and connect to the Managed Switch.

The management interface is exactly the same with RS-232 console
management.

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Chapter 3: Switch Management

SNMP Protocol

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is the standard management
protocol for multi-vendor IP networks. SNMP supports transaction-based queries
that allow the protocol to format messages and to transmit information between
reporting devices and data-collection programs. SNMP runs on top of the User
Datagram Protocol (UDP), offering a connectionless-mode service.

Management Architecture

All of the management application modules use the same Messaging Application
Programming Interface (MAPI). By unifying management methods with a single
MAPI, configuration parameters set using one method (console port, for
example) are immediately displayable by the other management methods (for
example, SNMP agent of Web browser).

The management architecture of the switch adheres to the IEEE open standard.
This compliance assures customers that the Managed Switch is compatible with,
and will interoperate with other solutions that adhere to the same open standard.

28 GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual

Chapter 4

Web-Based Management

Summary

This section introduces the configuration and functions of the Web-Based
management.

About Web-based Management

The Managed Switch offers management features that allow users to manage
the Managed Switch from anywhere on the network through a standard browser
such as Microsoft Internet Explorer.

The Web-Based Management supports Internet Explorer 6.0. It is based on Java
Applets with an aim to reduce network bandwidth consumption, enhance access
speed and present an easy viewing screen.

NOTE: By default, IE6.0 or later version does not allow Java Applets to open

sockets. The user has to explicitly modify the browser setting to enable Java
Applets to use network ports.

The Managed Switch can be configured through an Ethernet connection, make
sure the manager PC must be set on same the IP subnet address with the
Managed Switch.

For example, the default IP address of the Managed Switch is 192.168.0.100,
then the manager PC should be set at 192.168.0.x (where x is a number
between 1 and 254, except 100), and the default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.

If you have changed the default IP address of the Managed Switch to

192.168.1.1 with subnet mask 255.255.255.0 via console, then the manager PC

should be set at 192.168.1.x (where x is a number between 2 and 254) to do the
relative configuration on manager PC.

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Chapter 4: Web-Based Management

Requirements

 Workstations of subscribers running Windows 98/ME, NT4.0, 2000/2003/XP,

MAC OS9 or later, Linux, UNIX or other platform compatible with TCP/IP
protocols.

 Workstation installed with Ethernet NIC (Network Card).

 Ethernet Port connect

 Network cables - Use standard network (UTP) cables with RJ45 connectors.

 Above PC installed with WEB Browser and JAVA runtime environment Plug-

in.

It is recommended to use Internet Explorer 6.0 or above to access the GE-DS­242-PoE Managed Switch.

Figure 4-1: Web management setup

Logging on to the Switch

1. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 or above Web browser. Enter the factory-default IP
address to access the Web interface. The factory-default IP Address as
following:

http://192.168.0.100

2. When the following login screen appears, please enter the default username
"admin" with password "admin" (or the username/password you have changed
via console) to login the main screen of Managed Switch. The login screen in
Figure 4-2 appears.

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Chapter 4: Console Management

Default User name: admin
Default Password: admin

Figure 4-2: Login screen

1. After entering the username and password, the main screen appears as

Figure 4-3.

Figure 4-3: Web main page

2. The Switch Menu on the left of the Web page let you access all the commands

and statistics the Switch provides.

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Chapter 4: Web-Based Management

Now, you can use the Web management interface to continue the switch
management or manage the Managed Switch by Web interface. The Switch
Menu on the left of the web page let you access all the commands and statistics
the Managed Switch provides.

NOTE:

• We recommend using Internet Explorer 6.0 or above to access Managed

Switch.

• A changed IP address take effect immediately after click on the Save button,
you need to use the new IP address to access the Web interface.

• For security reason, please change and memorize the new password after
this first setup.

• Only enter commands in lowercase letters in the web interface.

Main Web Page

The Managed Switch provides a Web-based browser interface for configuring
and managing it. This interface allows you to access the Managed Switch using
the Web browser of your choice. This chapter describes how to use the Managed
Switch's Web browser interface to configure and manage it.

Figure 4-4: Main page

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Chapter 4: Console Management

Panel Display

The web agent displays an image of the Managed Switch's ports. The Mode can
be set to display different information for the ports, including Link up or Link
down. Clicking on the image of a port opens the Port Statistics page.

The port states are illustrated as follows:

State Disabled Down Link

RJ-45 Ports

SFP Ports

PoE Ports

Main Menu

Using the onboard web agent, you can define system parameters, manage and
control the Managed Switch, and all its ports, or monitor network conditions. Via
the Web-Management, the administrator can setup the Managed Switch by
select the functions those listed in the Main Function. The screen in Figure 4-5
appears.

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Chapter 4: Web-Based Management

Figure 4-5: GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Switch Main Functions Menu

System

Use the System menu items to display and configure basic administrative details
of the Managed Switch. Under System the following topics are provided to
configure and view the system information: This section has the following items:

System Information Provides basic system description, including contact information
IP Configuration Sets the IP address for management access
SNMP Configuration Configure SNMP agent and SNMP Trap
Firmware Upgrade Upgrade the firmware via TFTP server or Web Brower file transfer

Configuration Backup

Factory Default Reset the configuration of the Managed Switch
System Reboot Restarts the Managed Switch

Save/view the Managed Switch configuration to remote host.

Upload the switch configuration from remote host.

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Chapter 4: Console Management

System Information

The System information page has two parts - Basic and Misc Config.

Basic

The Basic System Info page provides information for the current device
information. Basic System Info page helps a switch administrator to identify the
model name, firmware / hardware version and MAC address. The screen in
Figure 4-6 appears.

Figure 4-6: Basic System Information screenshot

This page includes the following fields:

OBJECT DESCRIPTION
MODEL NAME Displays the system name of the Managed Switch
DESCRIPTION Describes the Managed Switch

MAC ADDRESS

FIRMWARE VERSION Displays the Managed Switch's firmware version
HARDWARE VERSION Displays the current hardware version

Displays the unique hardware address assigned by manufacturer
(default)

Misc Config

Choose Misc Config from System Information of Managed Switch, the screen in
Figure 4-7 appears.

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Chapter 4: Web-Based Management

Figure 4-7: Switch Misc Config screenshot

This page includes the following fields:

OBJECT DESCRIPTION

MAC Address Age-out
Time

Broadcast Storm Filter
Mode

Type the number of seconds that an inactive MAC address remains
in the switch's address table. The value is a multiple of 6.

Default is 300 seconds.

To configure broadcast storm control, enable it and set the upper
threshold for individual ports. The threshold is the percentage of the
port's total bandwidth used by broadcast traffic. When broadcast
traffic for a port rises above the threshold you set, broadcast storm
control becomes active.

The valid threshold values are 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16 and OFF.

Default is "OFF".

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Chapter 4: Console Management

To select broadcast storm Filter Packets type. If no packets type by
selected, mean can not filter any packets .The Broadcast Storm
Filter Mode will show OFF.

Broadcast Storm Filter
Packets Select

Collision Retry Forever

Hash Algorithm

802.1x protocol Enable / disable 802.1x protocol
Apply button Press the button to complete the configuration.

The selectable items as below:

 Broadcast Packets

 IP Multicast

 Control Packets

 Flooded Unicast / Multicast Packets

Provide Collision Retry Forever function "Disable" or 16, 32, 48
collision numbers on Managed Switch. If this function is disabled,
when a packet meet a collision, the Managed Switch will retry 6
times before discard the packets. Otherwise, the Managed Switch
will retry until the packet is successfully sent.

Default value is 16.

Provide MAC address table Hashing setting on Managed Switch;
available options are CRC Hash and Direct Map.

Default mode is CRC-Hash.

IP Configuration

The Managed Switch is a network device, which needs to be assigned an IP
address for being identified on the network. Users have to decide a means of
assigning IP address to the Managed Switch.

IP address overview

What is an IP address?

Each device (such as a computer) which participates in an IP network needs a
unique "address" on the network. It's similar to having a US mail address so
other people have a know way to send you messages. An IP address is a four
byte number, which is usually written in "dot notation" - each of the bytes' decimal
value is written as a number, and the numbers are separated by "dots" (aka
periods). An example: 199.25.123.1

How do I get one for this box?

The IP addresses on most modern corporate nets are assigned by an employee
called a "Network Administrator", or "Sys. Admin". This person assigns IP
addresses and is responsible for making sure that IP addresses are not

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Chapter 4: Web-Based Management

duplicated - If this happens one or both machines with a duplicate address will
stop working.

Another possibility is getting your address assigned to you automatically over the
net via DHCP protocol. Enable DHCP function, and reset the machine. If your
network is set up for this service, you will get an IP address assigned over the
network. If you don't get an address in about 30 seconds, you probably don't
have DHCP.

IP Configuration

The IP Configuration includes the IP Address, Subnet Mask and Gateway. The
Configured column is used to view or change the IP configuration. Fill up the IP
Address, Subnet Mask and Gateway for the device. The screen in Figure 4-8
appears.

Figure 4-8: IP configuration interface

This page includes the following fields:

OBJECT DESCRIPTION

Enable or disable the DHCP client function.

When DHCP function is enabled, the Managed Switch will be

DHCP

38 GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual

assigned an IP address from the network DHCP server. The default
IP address will be replaced by the assigned IP address on DHCP
server. After the user clicks Apply, a popup dialog shows up to
inform the user that when the DHCP client is enabled, the current IP
will lose and user should find the new IP on the DHCP server.

Chapter 4: Console Management

Assign the IP address that the network is using.

If DHCP client function is enabled, this switch is configured as a

IP Address

Subnet Mask

DHCP client. The network DHCP server will assign the IP address
to the switch and display it in this column.

The default IP is 192.168.0.100 or the user has to assign an IP
address manually when DHCP Client is disabled.

Assign the subnet mask to the IP address.

If DHCP client function is disabled, the user has to assign the
subnet mask in this column field.

Assign the network gateway for the switch.

Gateway

If DHCP client function is disabled, the user has to assign the
gateway in this column field.

The default gateway is 192.168.0.254.

SNMP Configuration

SNMP Overview

The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an application layer
protocol that facilitates the exchange of management information between
network devices. It is part of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP) protocol suite. SNMP enables network administrators to manage
network performance, find and solve network problems, and plan for network
growth.

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Chapter 4: Web-Based Management

Figure 4-9: SNMP configuration interface

An SNMP-managed network consists of four key components: Network
management stations (NMSs), SNMP agents, Management information base
(MIB) and network-management protocol:

 Network management stations (NMSs): Sometimes called consoles, these

devices execute management applications that monitor and control network
elements. Physically, NMSs are usually engineering workstation-caliber
computers with fast CPUs, megapixel color displays, substantial memory, and
abundant disk space. At least one NMS must be present in each managed
environment.

 SNMP Agents: Agents are software modules that reside in network

elements. They collect and store management information such as the
number of error packets received by a network element.

 Management information base (MIB): A MIB is a collection of managed

objects residing in a virtual information store. Collections of related managed
objects are defined in specific MIB modules.

 Network-management protocol: A management protocol is used to convey

management information between agents and NMSs. SNMP is the Internet
community's de facto standard management protocol.

SNMP Overview

SNMP itself is a simple request/response protocol. NMSs can send multiple
requests without receiving a response.

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Chapter 4: Console Management

 Get -- Allows the NMS to retrieve an object instance from the agent.

 Set -- Allows the NMS to set values for object instances within an agent.

 Trap -- Used by the agent to asynchronously inform the NMS of some event.

The SNMPv2 trap message is designed to replace the SNMPv1 trap
message.

SNMP Community

An SNMP community is the group that devices and management stations
running SNMP belong to. It helps define where information is sent. The
community name is used to identify the group. A SNMP device or agent may
belong to more than one SNMP community. It will not respond to requests from
management stations that do not belong to one of its communities. SNMP default
communities are:

 Write = private

 Read = public

System Options

Use this page to define management stations. You can also define a name,
location, and contact person for the Managed Switch.

Figure 4-10: SNMP configuration interface

This page includes the following fields:

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Chapter 4: Web-Based Management

OBJECT DESCRIPTION

An administratively assigned name for this managed node. By
convention, this is the node's fully-qualified domain name. A domain
name is a text string drawn from the alphabet (A-Za-z), digits (0-9),

System Name

System Location

System Contact

minus sign (-). No space characters are permitted as part of a
name. The first character must be an alpha character. And the first
or last character must not be a minus sign.

The allowed string length is 0 to 255.

The physical location of this node (e.g., telephone closet, 3rd floor).

The allowed string length is 0 to 255, and the allowed content is the
ASCII characters from 32 to 126.

The textual identification of the contact person for this managed
node, together with information on how to contact this person.

The allowed string length is 0 to 255, and the allowed content is the
ASCII characters from 32 to 126.

Indicates the SNMP mode operation. Possible modes are:

SNMP Status

 Enabled: Enable SNMP mode operation.

 Disabled: Disable SNMP mode operation.

Community Strings

Community strings serve as passwords and can be entered as one of the
following:

Figure 4-11: Community strings interface

This page includes the following fields:

OBJECT DESCRIPTION

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Chapter 4: Console Management

Here you can define the new community string set and remove the
unwanted community string.

 String: Fill the name string.

Community Strings

ADD button

REMOVE button

 RO: Read only. Enables requests accompanied by this

community string to display MIB-object information.

 RW: Read/write. Enables requests accompanied by this

community string to display MIB-object information and to set
MIB objects.

Press the button to add the management SNMP community strings
on the Managed Switch.

Press the button to remove the management SNMP community
strings that you defined before on the Managed Switch.

Trap Managers

A trap manager is a management station that receives the trap messages
generated by the switch. If no trap manager is defined, no traps will be issued. To
define a management station as a trap manager, assign an IP address, enter the
SNMP community strings, and select the SNMP trap version.

Figure 4-12: Trap managers interface

This page includes the following fields:

OBJECT DESCRIPTION
IP Address Enter the IP address of the trap manager.
Community Enter the community string for the trap station.

Firmware Upgrade

It provides the functions allowing the user to update the switch firmware via the
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server. Before updating, make sure the
TFTP server is ready and the firmware image is located on the TFTP server.

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Chapter 4: Web-Based Management

TFTP Firmware Upgrade

The Firmware Upgrade page provides the functions to allow a user to update the
Managed Switch firmware from the TFTP server in the network. Before updating,
make sure you have your TFTP server ready and the firmware image is on the
TFTP server. The screen in Figure 4-13 appears.

Use this menu to download a file from specified TFTP server to the Managed
Switch.

Figure 4-13: Firmware Upgrade interface

This page includes the following fields:

OBJECT DESCRIPTION
TFTP Server IP Address Type in your TFTP server IP.
Firmware File Name Type in the name of the firmware image file to be updated.

HTTP Firmware Upgrade

The HTTP Firmware Upgrade page contains fields for downloading system
image files from the Local File browser to the device. The Web Firmware
Upgrade screen in Figure 4-14 appears.

Figure 4-14: HTTP Firmware Upgrade interface

To open Firmware Upgrade screen, perform the following:

1. Click System -> Web Firmware Upgrade.

2. The Firmware Upgrade screen is displayed as in Figure 4-14.

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Chapter 4: Console Management

3. Click the "Browse" button of the main page, the Choose file window will

appear.

4. Select the firmware file, then click the Open button to load the file.

The Firmware upgrade process takes several minutes. Please wait a while, and
then manually refresh the webpage.

Configuration Backup

TFTP Restore Configuration

You can restore a previous backup configuration from the TFTP server to recover
the settings. Before doing that, you must locate the image file on the TFTP server
first and the Managed Switch will download back the flash image.

Figure 4-15: Configuration Restore interface

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Chapter 4: Web-Based Management

This page includes the following fields:

OBJECT DESCRIPTION
TFTP Server IP Address Type in your TFTP server IP.
Restore File Name Type in the correct file name for restoring.

TFTP Backup Configuration

You can back up the current configuration from flash ROM to the TFTP server for
the purpose of recovering the configuration later. It helps you to avoid wasting
time on configuring the settings by backing up the configuration.

Figure 4-16: Configuration Backup interface

This page includes the following fields:

OBJECT DESCRIPTION
TFTP Server IP Address Type in your TFTP server IP.
Backup File Name Type in the file name.

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Chapter 4: Console Management

Factory Default

Reset Switch to default configuration. Click the reset button to restore all

configurations to the default value.

Figure 4-17: Factory Default interface

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System Reboot

Reboot the Switch with a software reset. Click the reboot button to reboot the

system.

Figure 4-18: System Reboot interface

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Chapter 4: Console Management

Port Configuration

In Port control you can configure the settings of each port to control the
connection parameters, the status of each port is listed below.

Figure 4-19: Port Control interface

This page includes the following fields:

OBJECT DESCRIPTION

Port

State

Negotiation

Speed

Duplex

Flow Control

Use the scroll bar and click on the port number to choose the port to
be configured.

Current port state. The port can be set to disable or enable mode. If
the port state is set as 'Disable', it will not receive or transmit any
packet.

Auto and Force. Being set as Auto, the speed and duplex mode are
negotiated automatically. When you set it as Force, you have to set
the speed and duplex mode manually.

It is available for selecting when the Negotiation column is set as
Force. When the Negotiation column is set as Auto, this column is
read-only.

It is available for selecting when the Negotiation column is set as
Force. When the Negotiation column is set as Auto, this column is
read-only.

Whether or not the receiving node sends feedback to the sending
node is determined by this item. When enabled, once the device
exceeds the input data rate of another device, the receiving device
will send a PAUSE frame which halts the transmission of the sender
for a specified period of time. When disabled, the receiving device
will drop the packet if too much to process.

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Chapter 4: Web-Based Management

OBJECT DESCRIPTION

Port-1 ~ Port-24, supports by-port ingress and egress rate control.

For example, assume port 1 is 10Mbps, users can set its effective
egress rate at 1Mbps and ingress rate at 500Kbps. Device will
perform flow control or backpressure to confine the ingress rate to
meet the specified rate.

 Ingress: Type the port effective ingress rate.

Rate Control
(Unit: 128KBbps)

Security

BSF

Jumbo Frame

The valid range is 0 ~ 8000. The unit is 128K.

0: disable rate control.

1 ~ 8000: valid rate value

 Egress: Type the port effective egress rate.

The valid range is 0 ~ 8000. The unit is 128K.

0: disable rate control.

1 ~8000: valid rate value.

A port in security mode will be "locked" without permission of
address learning. Only the incoming packets with SMAC already
existing in the address table can be forwarded normally.

User can disable the port from learning any new MAC addresses,
then use the static MAC addresses screen to define a list of MAC
addresses that can use the secure port. Enter the settings, then
click Apply button to change on this page.

User can disable/Enable port broadcast storm filtering option by
port.

The filter mode and filter packets type can be select in Switch
Setting > Misc Config page.

User can disable/Enable port jumbo frame option by port. When port
jumbo frame is enable, the port forward jumbo frame packet.

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Port Status

This page displays current port configurations and operating status - it is a ports'
configurations summary table. Via the summary table, you can learn the status of
each port at a glance, like Port Link Up/Link Down status, negotiation, Link
Speed, Rate Control, Duplex mode and Flow Control.

Figure 4-20: Port Status interface

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Chapter 4: Web-Based Management

Port Statistics

The following chart provides the current statistic information, which displays the
real-time packet transfer status for each port. The user might use the information
to plan and implement the network, or check and find the problem when the
collision or heavy traffic occurs.

Figure 4-21: Port Statistics interface

This page includes the following fields:

OBJECT DESCRIPTION
Port The port number.
Link The status of linking-'Up' or 'Down'

State

Tx Good Packet The counts of transmitting good packets via this port.

Tx Bad Packet

Set by Port Control. When the state is disabled, the port will not
transmit or receive any packet.

The counts of transmitting bad packets (including undersize [less
than 64 octets], oversize, CRC Align errors, fragments and jabbers
packets) via this port.

Rx Good Packet The counts of receiving good packets via this port.

The counts of receiving good packets (including undersize [less

Rx Bad Packet

Tx Abort Packet The aborted packet while transmitting.

52 GE-DS-242-PoE Managed Ethernet Switch User Manual

than 64 octets], oversize, CRC error, fragments and jabbers) via this
port.

Chapter 4: Console Management

OBJECT DESCRIPTION
Packet Collision The counts of collision packet.
Packet Dropped The counts of dropped packet.
Rx Bcast Packet The counts of broadcast packet.
Rx Mcast Packet The counts of multicast packet.

Port Sniffer

The Port Sniffer (mirroring) is a method for monitor traffic in switched networks.
Traffic through a port can be monitored by one specific port. That is, traffic goes
in or out a monitored port will be duplicated into sniffer port.

Figure 4-22: Port Mirror application

Configuring the port mirroring by assigning a source port from which to copy all
packets and a destination port where those packets will be sent.

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Figure 4-23: Port Sniffer interface

This page includes the following fields:

OBJECT DESCRIPTION

Select a sniffer mode:

 Disable

Sniffer Type

Analysis (Monitoring)
Port

Monitored Port

 Rx

 Tx

 Both

It' means Analysis port can be used to see the traffic on another port
you want to monitor. You can connect Analysis port to LAN analyzer
or netxray.

The port you want to monitor. The monitor port traffic will be copied
to Analysis port. You can select one monitor ports in the switch.
User can choose which port that they want to monitor in only one
sniffer type.

NOTE:

1. When the Mirror Mode set to RX or TX and the Analysis Port be selected, the

packets to and from the Analysis Port will not be transmitted. The Analysis Port
will accept only COPIED packets from the Monitored Port.

2. If you want to disable the function, you must select monitor port to none.

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VLAN Configuration

VLAN Overview

A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) is a network topology configured according
to a logical scheme rather than the physical layout. VLAN can be used to
combine any collection of LAN segments into an autonomous user group that
appears as a single LAN. VLAN also logically segment the network into different
broadcast domains so that packets are forwarded only between ports within the
VLAN. Typically, a VLAN corresponds to a particular subnet, although not
necessarily.

VLAN can enhance performance by conserving bandwidth, and improve security
by limiting traffic to specific domains.

A VLAN is a collection of end nodes grouped by logic instead of physical
location. End nodes that frequently communicate with each other are assigned to
the same VLAN, regardless of where they are physically on the network.
Logically, a VLAN can be equated to a broadcast domain, because broadcast
packets are forwarded to only members of the VLAN on which the broadcast was
initiated.

NOTE:

1. No matter what basis is used to uniquely identify end nodes and assign these
nodes VLAN membership, packets cannot cross VLAN without a network device
performing a routing function between the VLAN.

2. The Managed Switch supports IEEE 802.1Q VLAN. The port untagging
function can be used to remove the 802.1 tag from packet headers to maintain
compatibility with devices that are tag-unaware.

The Managed Switch supports IEEE 802.1Q (tagged-based) and Port-Base
VLAN setting in web management page. In the default configuration, VLAN
support is "802.1Q".

Port-based VLAN

Port-based VLAN limit traffic that flows into and out of switch ports. Thus, all
devices connected to a port are members of the VLAN(s) the port belongs to,
whether there is a single computer directly connected to a switch, or an entire
department.

On port-based VLAN.NIC do not need to be able to identify 802.1Q tags in
packet headers. NIC send and receive normal Ethernet packets. If the packet's

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destination lies on the same segment, communications take place using normal
Ethernet protocols. Even though this is always the case, when the destination for
a packet lies on another switch port, VLAN considerations come into play to
decide if the packet is dropped by the Switch or delivered.

IEEE 802.1Q VLANs

IEEE 802.1Q (tagged) VLAN are implemented on the Switch. 802.1Q VLAN
require tagging, which enables them to span the entire network (assuming all
switches on the network are IEEE 802.1Q-compliant).

VLAN allow a network to be segmented in order to reduce the size of broadcast
domains. All packets entering a VLAN will only be forwarded to the stations (over
IEEE 802.1Q enabled switches) that are members of that VLAN, and this
includes broadcast, multicast and unicast packets from unknown sources.

VLAN can also provide a level of security to your network. IEEE 802.1Q VLAN
will only deliver packets between stations that are members of the VLAN. Any
port can be configured as either tagging or untagging. The untagging feature of
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN allows VLAN to work with legacy switches that don't
recognize VLAN tags in packet headers. The tagging feature allows VLAN to
span multiple 802.1Q-compliant switches through a single physical connection
and allows Spanning Tree to be enabled on all ports and work normally.

Any port can be configured as either tagging or untagging. The untagging feature
of IEEE 802.1Q VLAN allows VLAN to work with legacy switches that don't
recognize VLAN tags in packet headers. The tagging feature allows VLAN to
span multiple 802.1Q-compliant switches through a single physical connection
and allows Spanning Tree to be enabled on all ports and work normally.

Some relevant terms:

- Tagging - The act of putting 802.1Q VLAN information into the header of a

packet.

- Untagging - The act of stripping 802.1Q VLAN information out of the packet

header.

802.1Q VLAN Tags

The figure below shows the 802.1Q VLAN tag. There are four additional octets
inserted after the source MAC address. Their presence is indicated by a value of
0x8100 in the Ether Type field. When a packet's Ether Type field is equal to
0x8100, the packet carries the IEEE 802.1Q/802.1p tag. The tag is contained in
the following two octets and consists of 3 bits of user priority, 1 bit of Canonical
Format Identifier (CFI - used for encapsulating Token Ring packets so they can
be carried across Ethernet backbones), and 12 bits of VLAN ID (VID). The 3 bits
of user priority are used by 802.1p. The VID is the VLAN identifier and is used by

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the 802.1Q standard. Because the VID is 12 bits long, 4094 unique VLAN can be
identified.

The tag is inserted into the packet header making the entire packet longer by 4
octets. All of the information originally contained in the packet is retained.

802.1Q Tag

User Priority CFI VLAN ID (VID)

3 bits 1 bits 12 bits

TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier) TCI (Tag Control Information)

2 bytes 2 bytes

Preamble

Destination

Address

6 bytes 6 bytes 4 bytes 2 bytes 46-1517 bytes 4 bytes

Source

Address

VLAN TAG

Ethernet

Type

Data FCS

The Ether Type and VLAN ID are inserted after the MAC source address, but
before the original Ether Type/Length or Logical Link Control. Because the
packet is now a bit longer than it was originally, the Cyclic Redundancy Check
(CRC) must be recalculated.

Adding an IEEE802.1Q Tag

Dest. Addr. Src. Addr. Length/E. type Data Old CRC

Dest. Addr. Src. Addr. E. type Tag Length/E. type Data New CRC

Priority CFI VLAN ID

Original Ethernet

New Tagged Packet

Port VLAN ID

Packets that are tagged (are carrying the 802.1Q VID information) can be
transmitted from one 802.1Q compliant network device to another with the VLAN
information intact. This allows 802.1Q VLAN to span network devices (and
indeed, the entire network - if all network devices are 802.1Q compliant).

Every physical port on a switch has a PVID. 802.1Q ports are also assigned a
PVID, for use within the switch. If no VLAN are defined on the switch, all ports
are then assigned to a default VLAN with a PVID equal to 1. Untagged packets
are assigned the PVID of the port on which they were received. Forwarding
decisions are based upon this PVID, in so far as VLAN are concerned. Tagged
packets are forwarded according to the VID contained within the tag. Tagged

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packets are also assigned a PVID, but the PVID is not used to make packet
forwarding decisions, the VID is.

Tag-aware switches must keep a table to relate PVID within the switch to VID on
the network. The switch will compare the VID of a packet to be transmitted to the
VID of the port that is to transmit the packet. If the two VID are different the
switch will drop the packet. Because of the existence of the PVID for untagged
packets and the VID for tagged packets, tag-aware and tag-unaware network
devices can coexist on the same network.

A switch port can have only one PVID, but can have as many VID as the switch
has memory in its VLAN table to store them.

Because some devices on a network may be tag-unaware, a decision must be
made at each port on a tag-aware device before packets are transmitted - should
the packet to be transmitted have a tag or not? If the transmitting port is
connected to a tag-unaware device, the packet should be untagged. If the
transmitting port is connected to a tag-aware device, the packet should be
tagged.

Default VLANs

The Switch initially configures one VLAN, VID = 1, called "default." The factory
default setting assigns all ports on the Switch to the "default". As new VLAN are
configured in Port-based mode, their respective member ports are removed from
the "default."

VLAN and Link Aggregation Groups

In order to use VLAN segmentation in conjunction with port link aggregation
groups, you can first set the port link aggregation group(s), and then you may
configure VLAN settings. If you wish to change the port link aggregation grouping
with VLAN already in place, you will not need to reconfigure the VLAN settings
after changing the port link aggregation group settings. VLAN settings will
automatically change in conjunction with the change of the port link aggregation
group settings.

Static VLAN Configuration

A Virtual LAN (VLAN) is a logical network grouping that limits the broadcast
domain. It allows you to isolate network traffic so only members of the VLAN
receive traffic from the same VLAN members. Basically, creating a VLAN from a
switch is logically equivalent of reconnecting a group of network devices to
another Layer 2 switch. However, all the network devices are still plug into the
same switch physically.

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The Managed Switch supports Port-based and 802.1Q (Tagged-based) VLAN in
web management page. In the default configuration, VLAN support is "802.1Q".

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Figure 4-24: Static VLAN interface

NOTE:

1. No matter what basis is used to uniquely identify end nodes and assign these

nodes VLAN membership, packets cannot cross VLAN without a network device
performing a routing function between the VLAN.

2. The Switch supports Port-based VLAN and IEEE 802.1Q VLAN. The port

untagging function can be used to remove the 802.1 tag from packet headers to
maintain compatibility with devices that are tag-unaware.

Port-Based VLAN

Packets can go among only members of the same VLAN group. Note all
unselected ports are treated as belonging to another single VLAN. If the port­based VLAN enabled, the VLAN-tagging is ignored.

In order for an end station to send packets to different VLANs, it itself has to be
either capable of tagging packets it sends with VLAN tags or attached to a VLAN­aware bridge that is capable of classifying and tagging the packet with different
VLAN ID based on not only default PVID but also other information about the
packet, such as the protocol.

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Figure 4-25: Port-based VLAN interface

Create a VLAN and add member ports to it

1. Click the hyperlink "VLAN" \ "Static VLAN" to enter the VLAN configuration
interface.

2. Select "Port Based VLAN" at the VLAN Operation Mode, to enable the

port-based VLAN function.

3. Click " Add " to create a new VLAN group. See Figure 4-26 appears.

4. Type a name and Group ID for the new VLAN, the available range is 2-

4094.

5. From the Available ports box, select ports to add to the Managed Switch

and click Add .

6. Click Apply.

7. You will see the VLAN Group displays.

8. If the port-based VLAN groups list over one page, please click "Next
Page" to view other VLAN groups on other page.

9. Use the "Delete" button to delete unwanted port-based VLAN groups

10. Use the " Edit" button to modify existing port-based VLAN groups.

By adding ports to the VLAN you have created one port-based VLAN group
completely.

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Figure 4-26: Static VLAN interface

This page includes the following fields:

OBJECT DESCRIPTION

VLAN Name

Group ID

Port Indicate port 1 to port 26.

Member

Use this optional field to specify a name for the VLAN. It can be up
to 16 alphanumeric characters long, including blanks.

You can configure the ID number of the VLAN by this item. This field
is used to add VLANs one at a time. The VLAN group ID and
available range is 2-4094.

Add Defines the interface as a Port-Based member of a

VLAN.

Remove Forbidden ports are not included in the VLAN.

NOTE: All unselected ports are treated as belonging to another single VLAN. If

the port-based VLAN is enabled, the VLAN-tagging is ignored.

802.1Q VLAN

Tagged-based VLAN is an IEEE 802.1Q specification standard. Therefore, it is
possible to create a VLAN across devices from different switch venders. IEEE

802.1Q VLAN uses a technique to insert a "tag" into the Ethernet frames. Tag
contains a VLAN Identifier (VID) that indicates the VLAN numbers.

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You can create and delete Tag-based VLAN. There are 256 VLAN groups to
provide configure. Enable 802.1Q VLAN, the all ports on the switch belong to
default VLAN, VID is 1. The default VLAN can't be deleted.

Understanding the nomenclature of the Switch

 IEEE 802.1Q Tagged and Untagged

Every port on an 802.1Q compliant switch can be configured as tagged or
untagged.

Tagged Ports with tagging enabled will put the VID number, priority and other VLAN

information into the header of all packets that flow into those ports. If a packet has
previously been tagged, the port will not alter the packet, thus keeping the VLAN
information intact. The VLAN information in the tag can then be used by other

802.1Q compliant devices on the network to make packet-forwarding decisions.

Untagged Ports with untagging enabled will strip the 802.1Q tag from all packets that flow

into those ports. If the packet doesn't have an 802.1Q VLAN tag, the port will not
alter the packet. Thus, all packets received by and forwarded by an untagging port
will have no 802.1Q VLAN information. (Remember that the PVID is only used
internally within the Switch). Untagging is used to send packets from an 802.1Q­compliant network device to a non-compliant network device.

Frame Income

Frame Leave

Income Frame is tagged Income Frame is untagged

Leave port is tagged Frame remains tagged Tag is inserted

Leave port is

untagged

Tag is removed Frame remain untagged

VLAN Group Configuration

 VLAN Group Configuration

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Figure 4-27: VLAN Group Configuration interface

1. Click the hyperlink "VLAN" \ "Static VLAN" to enter the VLAN configuration

interface.

2. Select "802.1Q" in the VLAN Operation Mode, to enable the 802.1Q VLAN

function.

3. Click Add to create a new VLAN group or Edit to management exist VLAN

groups. Then the VLAN Group column appears.

4. Input a VLAN group ID and available range is 2-4094.

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Figure 4-28: VLAN Group Configuration interface

5. Select specific port as member port. The screen in Figure 4-29 appears.

Figure 4-29: 802.1Q VLAN Setting Web Page screen

This page includes the following fields:

OBJECT DESCRIPTION

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OBJECT DESCRIPTION

VLAN Name

VLAN ID

Port Indicate port 1 to port 26.

UnTag Member

Use this optional field to specify a name for the VLAN. It can be up
to 16 alphanumeric characters long, including blanks.

You can configure the ID number of the VLAN by this item. This field
is used to add VLANs one at a time.

The VLAN group ID and available range is 2-4094.

Untag Packets forwarded by the interface are untagged.

Defines the interface as a tagged member of a VLAN.

Tag

All packets forwarded by the interface are tagged. The
packets contain VLAN information.

6. After setup completed, please press "Apply" button to take effect.

7. Please press "Back" for return to VLAN configuration screen to add other

VLAN group, the screen in Figure 4-28 appears.

8. If there are many groups that over the limit of one page, you can click Next to

view other VLAN groups.

9. Use the Delete button to delete unwanted VLAN.

10. Use the Edit button to modify existing VLAN group.

NOTE: Enable 802.1Q VLAN, the all ports on the switch belong to default VLAN,

VID is 1. The default VLAN can't be deleted.

VLAN Filter

 802.1Q VLAN Port Configuration

This page is used for configuring the Switch port VLAN. The VLAN per Port
Configuration page contains fields for managing ports that are part of a VLAN.
The port default VLAN ID (PVID) is configured on the VLAN Port Configuration
page. All untagged packets arriving to the device are tagged by the ports PVID.

This section provides 802.1Q Ingress Filter of each port from the Switch, the
screen in Figure 4-30 appears.

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Figure 4-30: 802.1Q Ingress filter interface

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This page includes the following fields:

OBJECT DESCRIPTION
NO Indicate port 1 to port 26.

Set the port VLAN ID that will be assigned to untagged traffic on a
given port. This feature is useful for accommodating devices that
you want to participate in the VLAN but that don't support tagging.

PVID

Ingress Filtering 1

Ingress Filtering 2

Apply button Press the button to save configurations.

The switch each port allows user to set one VLAN ID, the range is
1~255, default VLAN ID is 1.

The VLAN ID must as same as the VLAN ID that the port belong to
VLAN group, or the untagged traffic will be dropped.

Ingress filtering lets frames belonging to a specific VLAN to be
forwarded if the port belongs to that VLAN.

Enable: Forward only packets with VID matching this port's
configured VID.

Disable: Disable Ingress filter function.

Drop untagged frame.

Disable: Acceptable all Packet.

Enable: Only packet with match VLAN ID can be permission to go
through the port.

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802.1Q VLAN

IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling (Q-in-Q)

IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling (QinQ) is designed for service providers carrying traffic
for multiple customers across their networks. QinQ tunneling is used to maintain
customer-specific VLAN and Layer 2 protocol configurations even when different
customers use the same internal VLAN IDs. This is accomplished by inserting

Service Provider VLAN (SPVLAN) tags into the customer's frames when they

enter the service provider's network, and then stripping the tags when the frames
leave the network.

A service provider's customers may have specific requirements for their internal
VLAN IDs and number of VLANs supported. VLAN ranges required by different
customers in the same service-provider network might easily overlap, and traffic
passing through the infrastructure might be mixed. Assigning a unique range of
VLAN IDs to each customer would restrict customer configurations, require
intensive processing of VLAN mapping tables, and could easily exceed the
maximum VLAN limit of 4096.

The Managed Switch supports multiple VLAN tags and can therefore be used in
MAN applications as a provider bridge, aggregating traffic from numerous

independent customer LANs into the MAN (Metro Access Network) space. One

of the purposes of the provider bridge is to recognize and use VLAN tags so that
the VLANs in the MAN space can be used independent of the customers' VLANs.
This is accomplished by adding a VLAN tag with a MAN-related VID for frames
entering the MAN. When leaving the MAN, the tag is stripped and the original
VLAN tag with the customer-related VID is again available.

This provides a tunneling mechanism to connect remote costumer VLANs
through a common MAN space without interfering with the VLAN tags. All tags

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use EtherType 0x8100 or 0x88A8, where 0x8100 is used for customer tags and

0x88A8 are used for service provider tags.

In cases where a given service VLAN only has two member ports on the switch,
the learning can be disabled for the particular VLAN and can therefore rely on
flooding as the forwarding mechanism between the two ports. This way, the MAC
table requirements are reduced.

Q-in-Q Port Setting

The QinQ VLAN \ QinQ Port Setting screen in Figure 4-31 appears.

Figure 4-31: Q-in-Q Port Setting interface

This page includes the following fields:

OBJECT DESCRIPTION

Enable Sets the Managed Switch to QinQ mode, and allows

the QinQ tunnel port to be configured.

QinQ

QinQ TPID

Disable The Managed Switch operates in its normal VLAN

mode.

The default is for the Managed Switch to function in Disable mode.

The Tag Protocol Identifier (TPID) specifies the ethertype of
incoming packets on a tunnel access port.

o 802.1Q Tag : 8100
o vMAN Tag : 88A8

Default : 802.1Q Tag.

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OBJECT DESCRIPTION

Check: Sets the Port to QinQ mode. Or the port operates in its

Port QinQ

QinQ Uplink

normal VLAN mode.

Default: Un-check.

Check Configures IEEE 802.1Q tunneling (QinQ) for an

uplink port to another device within the service
provider network.

Cancel Configures IEEE 802.1Q tunneling (QinQ) for a client

access port to segregate and preserve customer
VLAN IDs for traffic crossing the service provider
network.

Q-in-Q Tunnel Setting

Business customers of service providers often have specific requirements for
VLAN IDs and the number of VLANs to be supported. The VLAN ranges required
by different customers in the same service-provider network might overlap, and
traffic of customers through the infrastructure might be mixed. Assigning a unique
range of VLAN IDs to each customer would restrict customer configurations and
could easily exceed the VLAN limit (4096) of the IEEE 802.1Q specification.

Using the QinQ feature, service providers can use a single VLAN to support
customers who have multiple VLANs. Customer VLAN IDs are preserved, and
traffic from different customers is segregated within the service-provider network,
even when they appear to be in the same VLAN. Using QinQ expands VLAN
space by using a VLAN-in-VLAN hierarchy and retagging the tagged packets. A
port configured to support QinQ is called a QinQ user-port. A port configured to
support QinQ Uplink is called a QinQ uplink-port.

Figure 4-32: Q-in-Q Tunnel Setting interface

To configure QinQ Port

1. Enable global QinQ function: select QinQ enable "Enable".

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2. Fill QinQ Tpid.

3. Enable port QinQ function: select QinQ checkbox for special port.

4. Enable port QinQ Uplink function: select QinQ Uplink checkbox for special
port.

Rapid Spanning Tree

The Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) is an evolution of the Spanning Tree
Protocol and provides for faster spanning tree convergence after a topology
change. The system also supports STP and the system will auto-detect the
connected device that is running STP or RSTP protocol.

Theory

The Spanning Tree protocol can be used to detect and disable network loops,
and to provide backup links between switches, bridges or routers. This allows the
switch to interact with other bridging devices in your network to ensure that only
one route exists between any two stations on the network, and provide backup
links which automatically take over when a primary link goes down. The spanning
tree algorithms supported by this switch include these versions:

 STP - Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1D)

 RSTP - Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1w)

The IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol and IEEE 802.1W Rapid Spanning
Tree Protocol allow for the blocking of links between switches that form loops
within the network. When multiple links between switches are detected, a primary
link is established. Duplicated links are blocked from use and become standby
links. The protocol allows for the duplicate links to be used in the event of a
failure of the primary link. Once the Spanning Tree Protocol is configured and
enabled, primary links are established and duplicated links are blocked
automatically. The reactivation of the blocked links (at the time of a primary link
failure) is also accomplished automatically without operator intervention.

This automatic network reconfiguration provides maximum uptime to network
users. However, the concepts of the Spanning Tree Algorithm and protocol are a
complicated and complex subject and must be fully researched and understood.
It is possible to cause serious degradation of the performance of the network if
the Spanning Tree is incorrectly configured. Please read the following before
making any changes from the default values.

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The Switch STP performs the following functions:

 Creates a single spanning tree from any combination of switching or bridging

elements.

 Creates multiple spanning trees - from any combination of ports contained

within a single switch, in user specified groups.

 Automatically reconfigures the spanning tree to compensate for the failure,

addition, or removal of any element in the tree.

 Reconfigures the spanning tree without operator intervention.

Bridge Protocol Data Units

For STP to arrive at a stable network topology, the following information is used:

 The unique switch identifier

 The path cost to the root associated with each switch port

 The port identifier

STP communicates between switches on the network using Bridge Protocol Data
Units (BPDUs). Each BPDU contains the following information:

 The unique identifier of the switch that the transmitting switch currently

believes is the root switch.

 The path cost to the root from the transmitting port.

 The port identifier of the transmitting port.

The switch sends BPDUs to communicate and construct the spanning-tree
topology. All switches connected to the LAN on which the packet is transmitted
will receive the BPDU. BPDUs are not directly forwarded by the switch, but the
receiving switch uses the information in the frame to calculate a BPDU, and, if
the topology changes, initiates a BPDU transmission.

The communication between switches via BPDUs results in the following:

 One switch is elected as the root switch.

 The shortest distance to the root switch is calculated for each switch.

 A designated switch is selected. This is the switch closest to the root switch

through which packets will be forwarded to the root.

 A port for each switch is selected. This is the port providing the best path from

the switch to the root switch.

 Ports included in the STP are selected.

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Creating a Stable STP Topology

It is to make the root port a fastest link. If all switches have STP enabled with
default settings, the switch with the lowest MAC address in the network will
become the root switch. By increasing the priority (lowering the priority number)
of the best switch, STP can be forced to select the best switch as the root switch.

When STP is enabled using the default parameters, the path between source
and destination stations in a switched network might not be ideal. For instance,
connecting higher-speed links to a port that has a higher number than the current
root port can cause a root-port change.

STP Port States

The BPDUs take some time to pass through a network. This propagation delay
can result in topology changes where a port that transitioned directly from a
Blocking state to a Forwarding state could create temporary data loops. Ports
must wait for new network topology information to propagate throughout the
network before starting to forward packets. They must also wait for the packet
lifetime to expire for BPDU packets that were forwarded based on the old
topology. The forward delay timer is used to allow the network topology to
stabilize after a topology change. In addition, STP specifies a series of states a
port must transition through to further ensure that a stable network topology is
created after a topology change.

Each port on a switch using STP exists is in one of the following five states:

 Blocking - the port is blocked from forwarding or receiving packets.

 Listening - the port is waiting to receive BPDU packets that may tell the port

to go back to the blocking state.

 Learning - the port is adding addresses to its forwarding database, but not yet

forwarding packets.

 Forwarding - the port is forwarding packets.

 Disabled - the port only responds to network management messages and

must return to the blocking state first.

A port transitions from one state to another as follows:

 From initialization (switch boot) to blocking.

 From blocking to listening or to disabled.

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 From listening to learning or to disabled.

 From learning to forwarding or to disabled.

 From forwarding to disabled.

 From disabled to blocking.

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Figure 4-33: STP Port State Transitions

You can modify each port state by using management software. When you
enable STP, every port on every switch in the network goes through the blocking
state and then transitions through the states of listening and learning at power
up. If properly configured, each port stabilizes to the forwarding or blocking state.
No packets (except BPDUs) are forwarded from, or received by, STP enabled
ports until the forwarding state is enabled for that port.

STP Parameters

STP Operation Levels

The Switch allows for two levels of operation: the switch level and the port level.
The switch level forms a spanning tree consisting of links between one or more
switches. The port level constructs a spanning tree consisting of groups of one or
more ports. The STP operates in much the same way for both levels.

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NOTE: On the switch level, STP calculates the Bridge Identifier for each switch

and then sets the Root Bridge and the Designated Bridges.

On the port level, STP sets the Root Port and the Designated Ports.

The following are the user-configurable STP parameters for the switch:

PARAMETER

DESCRIPTION DEFAULT

VALUE

Bridge Identifier
(Not user
configurable
except by setting
priority below)

Priority

Hello Time

Maximum Age
Timer

Forward Delay
Timer

A combination of the User-set priority and the
switch's MAC address.

The Bridge Identifier consists of two parts:

a 16-bit priority and a 48-bit Ethernet MAC address
32768 + MAC.

A relative priority for each switch - lower numbers
give a higher priority and a greater chance of a
given switch being elected as the root bridge.

The length of time between broadcasts of the hello
message by the switch.

Measures the age of a received BPDU for a port
and ensures that the BPDU is discarded when its
age exceeds the value of the maximum age timer.

The amount time spent by a port in the learning
and listening states waiting for a BPDU that may
return the port to the blocking state.

32768 + MAC

32768

2 seconds

20 seconds

15 seconds

The following are the user-configurable STP parameters for the port or port group
level:

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION DEFAULT VALUE

A relative priority for each switch - lower numbers

Port Priority

Port Cost

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give a higher priority and a greater chance of a
given switch being elected as the root bridge.

A value used by STP to evaluate paths - STP
calculates path costs and selects the path with the
minimum cost as the active path.

128

200,000-100Mbps
Fast Ethernet ports

20,000-1000Mbps
Gigabit Ethernet
ports

0 - Auto

Chapter 4: Web-Based Management

Default Spanning-Tree Configuration

Feature Default Value

Enable state STP disabled for all ports

Port priority 128

Port cost 0

Bridge Priority 32,768

NOTE: The Hello Time cannot be longer than the Max. Age. Otherwise, a

configuration error will occur.

Observe the following formulas when setting the above parameters:

 Max. Age _ 2 x (Forward Delay - 1 second)
 Max. Age _ 2 x (Hello Time + 1 second)

Illustration of STP

A simple illustration of three switches connected in a loop is depicted in the
below diagram. In this example, you can anticipate some major network
problems if the STP assistance is not applied.

If switch A broadcasts a packet to switch B, switch B will broadcast it to switch C,
and switch C will broadcast it to back to switch A and so on. The broadcast
packet will be passed indefinitely in a loop, potentially causing a network failure.
In this example, STP breaks the loop by blocking the connection between switch
B and C. The decision to block a particular connection is based on the STP
calculation of the most current Bridge and Port settings.

Now, if switch A broadcasts a packet to switch C, then switch C will drop the
packet at port 2 and the broadcast will end there. Setting-up STP using values
other than the defaults, can be complex. Therefore, you are advised to keep the
default factory settings and STP will automatically assign root bridges/ports and
block loop connections. Influencing STP to choose a particular switch as the root
bridge using the Priority setting, or influencing STP to choose a particular port to
block using the Port Priority and Port Cost settings is, however, relatively straight
forward.

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Figure 4-34: Before Applying the STA Rules

In this example, only the default STP values are used.

Figure 4-35: After Applying the STA Rules

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The switch with the lowest Bridge ID (switch C) was elected the root bridge, and
the ports were selected to give a high port cost between switches B and C. The
two (optional) Gigabit ports (default port cost = 4) on switch A are connected to
one (optional) Gigabit port on both switch B and C. The redundant link between
switch B and C is deliberately chosen as a 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet link (default
port cost = 19). Gigabit ports could be used, but the port cost should be
increased from the default to ensure that the link between switch B and switch C
is the blocked link.

RSTP System Configuration

This section provides RSTP-System Configuration from the Switch, the screen in
Figure 4-36 appears.

 The user can view spanning tree information of Root Bridge.

 The user can modify RSTP state. After modification, click the Apply button.

Figure 4-36: RSTP System Configuration interface

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This page includes the following fields:

OBJECT DESCRIPTION

RSTP mode

Protocol Version

Priority (0-61440)

Max Age (6-40)

Hello Time (1-10)

Forward Delay Time (4-

30)

The user must enable the RSTP function first before configuring the
related parameters.

A value used to specify the spanning tree protocol, the original
spanning tree protocol (STP, 802.1d) or the rapid spanning tree
protocol (RSTP, 802.1w).

The switch with the lowest value has the highest priority and is
selected as the root. If the value is changed, the user must reboot
the switch.

The value must be a multiple of 4096 according to the protocol
standard rule.

The number of seconds a switch waits without receiving Spanning­tree Protocol configuration messages before attempting a
reconfiguration.

Enter a value between 6 through 40.

The time that controls the switch to send out the BPDU packet to
check RSTP current status.

Enter a value between 1 through 10.

The number of seconds a port waits before changing from its Rapid
Spanning-Tree Protocol learning and listening states to the
forwarding state.

Enter a value between 4 through 30.

NOTE: Follow the rule as below to configure the MAX Age, Hello Time, and

Forward Delay Time.

2 x (Forward Delay Time value -1) > = Max Age value >= 2 x (Hello Time value
+1).

NOTE: Each switch in a spanning-tree adopts the Hello Time, Forward Delay

time, and Max Age parameters of the root bridge, regardless of how it is
configured.

Root Bridge Information

This page provides a status overview for all RSTP bridge instances.

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The displayed table contains a row for each RSTP bridge instance, where the
column displays the following information:

The RSTP Bridge Status screen in Figure 4-37 appears.

Figure 4-37: RSTP Bridge Status page screenshot

This page includes the following fields:

Object Description

Priority The bridge identifier of the root bridge. It is made up from the bridge priority

and the base MAC address of the bridge.

MAC Address The bridge identifier of the root bridge. It is made up from the bridge priority

and the base MAC address of the bridge.

Root Path
Cost

Root Port The switch port currently assigned the root port role.
Maximum Age Path Cost to the Designated Root for the Root Bridge.
Hello Time Minimum time between transmissions of Configuration BPDUs.
Forward Delay Derived value of the Root Port Bridge Forward Delay parameter.

For the Root Bridge this is zero. For all other Bridges, it is the sum of the Port
Path Costs on the least cost path to the Root Bridge.

Port Configuration

This web page provides the port configuration interface for RSTP. You can
assign higher or lower priority to each port. Rapid spanning tree will have the port

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with the higher priority in forwarding state and block other ports to make certain
that there is no loop in the LAN.

Figure 4-38: RSTP Port Configuration interface

This page includes the following fields:

OBJECT DESCRIPTION

The cost of the path to the other bridge from this transmitting bridge

Path Cost

Priority

Admin P2P

at the specified port.

Enter a number 1 through 200,000,000.

Decide which port should be blocked by setting its priority as the
lowest. Enter a number between 0 and 240.

The value of priority must be the multiple of 16.

The rapid state transitions possible within RSTP are dependent
upon whether the port concerned can only be connected to exactly
another bridge (i.e. it is served by a point-to-point LAN segment), or
can be connected to two or more bridges (i.e. it is served by a
shared medium LAN segment). This function allows the P2P status
of the link to be manipulated administratively.

 YES means the port is regarded as a point-to-point link.

 NO means the port is regarded as a shared link.

 AUTO means the link type is determined by the auto-negotiation

between the two peers..

The port directly connected to end stations won't create bridging

Admin Edge

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loop in the network. To configure the port as an edge port, set the
port to "YES" status.

Chapter 4: Web-Based Management

OBJECT DESCRIPTION

The port includes the STP mathematic calculation.

Admin Non STP

 YES is not including STP mathematic calculation.

 NO is including the STP mathematic calculation.

NOTE: Path cost "0" is used to indicate auto-configuration mode. When the short

path cost method is selected and the default path cost recommended by the
IEEE 8021w standard exceeds 65,535, the default is set to 65,535.

By default, the system automatically detects the speed and duplex mode used on
each port, and configures the path cost according to the values shown below.

Table 4-1: Recommended STP Path Cost Range

Port Type IEEE 802.1D-1998 IEEE 802.1w-2001
Ethernet 50-600 200,000-20,000,000
Fast Ethernet 10-60 20,000-2,000,000
Gigabit Ethernet 3-10 2,000-200,000

Table 4-2: Recommended STP Path Cost Range

Port Type Link Type IEEE 802.1D-1998 IEEE 802.1w-2001
Ethernet Half Duplex

Full Duplex

Trunk

Fast Ethernet Half Duplex

Full Duplex

Trunk

Gigabit Ethernet Full Duplex

Trunk

100

95

90

19

18

15

4

3

2,000,000

1,999,999

1,000,000

200,000

100,000

50,000

10,000

5,000

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Trunking

Port trunking is the combination of several ports or network cables to expand the
connection speed beyond the limits of any one single port or network cable. The
Managed Switch supports two types of port trunk technology:

 Static Trunk

 LACP

The Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) provides a standardized means
for exchanging information between Partner Systems on a link to allow their Link
Aggregation Control instances to reach agreement on the identity of the Link
Aggregation Group to which the link belongs, move the link to that Link
Aggregation Group, and enable its transmission and reception functions in an
orderly manner. Link aggregation lets you group up to eight consecutive ports
into a single dedicated connection. This feature can expand bandwidth to a

device on the network. LACP operation requires full-duplex mode, more detail

information refers to IEEE 802.3ad.

Figure 4-39: Aggregator setting

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This section provides Port Trunk-Aggregator settings for each port from the
Managed Switch, the screen in Figure 4-40 appears.

Figure 4-40: Port Trunk-Aggregator setting interface (two ports are added to the left field
with LACP enabled)

This page includes the following fields:

OBJECT DESCRIPTION

A value which is used to identify the active LACP. The Managed

System Priority

Group ID

LACP

Work ports

Switch with the lowest value has the highest priority and is selected
as the active LACP peer of the trunk group.

There are 13 trunk groups to be selected. Assign the "Group ID" to
the trunk group.

 Enabled, the trunk group is using LACP. A port which joins an

LACP trunk group has to make an agreement with its member
ports first.

 Disabled, the trunk group is a static trunk group. The advantage

of having the LACP disabled is that a port joins the trunk group
without any handshaking with its member ports; but member
ports won't know that they should be aggregated together to
form a logic trunk group.

This column field allows the user to type in the total number of
active port up to four. With LACP static trunk group, e.g. you assign
four ports to be the members of a trunk group whose work ports
column field is set as two; the exceed ports are standby/redundant
ports and can be aggregated if working ports fail. If it is a static trunk
group (non-LACP), the number of work ports must equal the total
number of group member ports.

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NOTE: A trunk group, including member ports split between two switches, has to

enable the LACP function of the two switches.

Aggregator Information

When you setup the LACP aggregator, you will see relational information here.

LACP disabled

Having set up the aggregator setting with LACP disabled, you will see the local
static trunk group information on the tab of Aggregator Information.

Figure 4-41: Assigning 2 ports to a trunk group with LACP disabled

Figure 4-42: Static Trunking Group information

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This page includes the following fields:

OBJECT DESCRIPTION
Group Key This is a read-only column field that displays the trunk group ID.

Port member

This is a read-only column field that displays the members of this
static trunk group.

LACP enabled

Having set up the aggregator setting with LACP enabled, you will see the
trunking group information between two switches on the tab of Aggregator
Information.

 Switch 1 configuration

1. Set System Priority of the trunk group. The default is 1.

2. Select a trunk group ID by pull down the drop-down menu bar.

3. Enable LACP.

4. Include the member ports by clicking the Add button after selecting the

port number and the column field of Work Ports changes automatically.

Figure 4-43: Aggregation Information of Switch 1

5. Click on the tab of Aggregator Information to check the trunked group

information as the illustration shown above after the two switches
configured.

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• Switch 2 configuration

6. Set System Priority of the trunk group. For example: 32768.

7. Select a trunk group ID by pull down the drop-down menu bar.

8. Enable LACP.

9. Include the member ports by clicking the Add button after selecting the
port number and the column field of Work Ports changes automatically.

Figure 4-44: Switch 2 configuration interface

10. Click on the tab of Aggregator Information to check the trunked group

information as the illustration shown above after the two switches have
been configured.

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Figure 4-45: Switch 1 Aggregator Information

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State Activity

Having set up the LACP aggregator on the tab of Aggregator Setting, you can
configure the state activity for the members of the LACP trunk group. You can
tick or cancel the checkbox beside the state label. When you remove the tick

mark of the port and click the Apply button, the port state activity will change to

Passive.

Figure 4-46: State Activity of Switch 1

This page includes the following fields:

OBJECT DESCRIPTION
Active The port automatically sends LACP protocol packets.

The port does not automatically send LACP protocol packets, and

Passive

responds only if it receives LACP protocol packets from the opposite
device.

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Figure 4-47: State Activity of Switch 2

NOTE: A link having two passive LACP nodes will not perform dynamic LACP

trunk because both ports are waiting for an LACP protocol packet from the
opposite device.

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Forwarding and Filtering

The frames of Ethernet Packets contain a MAC address (SMAC address), which
shows the MAC address of the equipment sending the frame. The SMAC
address is used by the switch to automatically update the MAC table with these
dynamic MAC addresses. Dynamic entries are removed from the MAC table if no
frames with the corresponding SMAC address have been seen after a
configurable age time.

Dynamic MAC Table

Entries in the MAC Table are shown on this page. The Dynamic MAC Table
contains up to 8192 entries, and is sorted first by VLAN ID, then by MAC
address. You can view all of the dynamic MAC addresses learned by the listed
port.

Figure 4-48: Dynamic MAC Address interface

MAC Table Entries

OBJECT DESCRIPTION
NO The index of the MAC address entry.
MAC The MAC address of the entry.
PORT The ports that are members of the entry.
VID The VLAN ID of the entry.
Type Indicates whether the entry is a static or dynamic entry.

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 Click "Clear" to clear the dynamic MAC addresses information of the current

port shown on the screen.

Static MAC Table

You can add a static MAC address that remains in the switch's address table
regardless of whether the device is physically connected to the switch. This
saves the switch from having to re-learn a device's MAC address when the
disconnected or powered-off device is active on the network again. Via this
interface, you can add / modify / delete a static MAC address.

Add the Static MAC Address

You can add a static MAC address in the switch MAC table here.

Figure 4-49: Static MAC Addresses interface

This page includes the following fields:

OBJECT DESCRIPTION

MAC Address

Port Num Pull down the selection menu to select the port number.
VLAN ID The VLAN ID for the entry.

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Enter the MAC address of the port that should permanently forward
traffic, regardless of the device network activity.

Chapter 4: Console Management

MAC Filtering

By filtering MAC address, the switch can easily filter the pre-configured MAC
address and increase the security. You can add and delete filtering MAC
address.

Figure 4-50: MAC Filtering interface

This page includes the following fields:

OBJECT DESCRIPTION
MAC Address Enter the MAC address that you want to filter.
VLAN ID The VLAN ID for the entry.

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IGMP Snooping

Theory

The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) lets host and routers share

information about multicast groups memberships. IGMP snooping is a switch
feature that monitors the exchange of IGMP messages and copies them to the
CPU for feature processing. The overall purpose of IGMP Snooping is to limit the
forwarding of multicast frames to only ports that are a member of the multicast
group.

About the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) Snooping

Computers and network devices that want to receive multicast transmissions
need to inform nearby routers that they will become members of a multicast
group. The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is used to communicate
this information. IGMP is also used to periodically check the multicast group for
members that are no longer active. In the case where there is more than one
multicast router on a sub network, one router is elected as the 'queried'. This
router then keeps track of the membership of the multicast groups that have
active members. The information received from IGMP is then used to determine
if multicast packets should be forwarded to a given sub network or not. The
router can check, using IGMP, to see if there is at least one member of a
multicast group on a given subnet work. If there are no members on a sub
network, packets will not be forwarded to that sub network.

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