USER'S MANUAL
Intel G41 Express Chipset
Intel ICH7 Chipset
Of
&
Based
M/B for LGA 775 Quad Core Ready
Intel Core Processor Family
No. G03MI5G41SGMD2CF
Rev: 1.0
Release date: June 4, 2010
Trademark:
* Specifications and Information contained in this docume ntation ar e furnishe d for inf ormation use only , and ar e
subject to change at any time without notice, and should not be construed as a commitment by manufacturer.
Environmental Safety Instruction
z Avoid the dusty, humidity and temperature extremes. Do not place the product in any
area where it may become wet.
z 0 to 40 centigrade is the suitable temperature. (The figure comes from the request of
the main chipset)
z Generally speaking, dramatic changes in temperature may lead to contact malfunction
and crackles due to constant thermal expansion and contraction from the welding
spots’ that connect components and PCB. Computer should go through an adaptive
phase before it boots when it is moved from a cold environment to a warmer one to
avoid condensation phenomenon. These water drops attached on PCB or the surface
of the components can bring about phenomena as minor as computer instability
resulted from corrosion and oxidation from components and PCB or as major as short
circuit that can burn the components. Suggest starting the computer until the
temperature goes up.
z The increasing temperature of the capacitor may decrease the life of computer. Using
the close case may decrease the life of other device because the higher temperature in
the inner of the case.
z Attention to the heat sink when you over-clocking. The higher temperature may
decrease the life of the device and burned the capacitor.
Environmental Protection Announcement
Do not dispose this electronic device into the trash while discarding. To minimize pollution
and ensure environment protection of mother earth, please recycle.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER 1 IN T RO D U C T I O N O F INTEL G41 MO T H ER B O A R D S ER I E S
1-1 FEATURES OF MOTHERBOARD .............................................................................1
1-1.1 SPECIAL FEATURES OF MOTHERBOARD...............................................2
1-2 SPECIFICATION.........................................................................................................3
1-3 ITEM CHECKLIST.......................................................................................................4
1-4 LAYOUT DIAGRAM....................................................................................................4
CHAPTER 2 HARDWARE INSTALLATION
2-1 INSTALL LGA 775 SUPPORTED INTEL PROCESSOR...........................................6
2-2 INSTALL MEMORY ....................................................................................................7
2-3 EXPANSION CARDS..................................................................................................8
CHAPTER 3 CONNCTORS, HEADERS & JUMPERS SETTING
3-1 CONNECTORS...........................................................................................................9
3-2 HEADERS ...................................................................................................................12
3-3 JUPPER SETTING......................................................................................................14
CHAPTER 4 USEFUL HELP
4-1 HOW TO UPDATE BIOS............................................................................................16
4-2 TROUBLE SHOOTING ...............................................................................................16
ii
Chapter 1
Introduction of Intel G41 Motherboard Series
1-1 Features of motherboard
The Intel G41 chipset motherboard series are based on the latest Intel G41 Express
Chipset and Intel ICH7 Chipset technology which supports the innovative 65nm and
90nm Intel® Pentium® Dual Core Processor，Intel® Core 2 Quad, Intel® Core 2 Duo®
(Code Name: Conroe) Processor with Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology and fully
supports the future 45nm processors. The motherboard is optimized to deliver innovative
features and professional desktop platform solution with the advantages of the new
generation dual core Intel® Core 2 Duo® Processor for those who demand the best
experience of personal computing.
The motherboards implement Intel G41 Express Chipset which supports Front Side
Bus 1333MHz of data transferring. The model MI5-G41SGMD2-LF supports
dual-channel DDRII 667/DDRII 800 memory module with capacity expandable to 8GB
while MI5-G41SGMD3-LF supports dual-channel DDRIII 800 /DDRIII 1066MHz RAM
Module expandable to 8GB. The motherboard is embedded with ICH7 chipset of
providing one parallel Ultra ATA 100 interface for one IDE drives and four serial ATA2
interface of 3Gb / s data transfer rate for four serial ATA devices.
The G41 motherboard series offer one PCI-Express x16 graphics slot of 8Gbyte/sec
data transfer rate at each relative direction which gets 7 times of bandwidth more than
AGP 8X and up to 16Gbyte/sec peak concurrent bandwidth at full speed to guarantee
the ultimate GPU computing performance. One PCI Express x1 I/O slots and two
32-bit PCI slots guarantee the rich connectivity for the I/O of peripherals. The
motherboards are designed of tackling the profuse multimedia requirements
nowadays.
The motherboards provide 10/100 Ethernet LAN function by using the PCI-E megabit
LAN. The embedded Realtek ALC662 chipset is fully compatible with Sound Blaster
Pro standards providing HD audio 6-CH CODEC offers you with the home cinema
quality and satisfying software compatibility.
Embedded USB controller as well as capability of expanding to 8 of USB2.0 functional
ports delivering 480Mb/s of rich connectivity, these motherboards meet the demands
of future USB peripherals which are also equipped with hardware monitor function on
system to monitor and protect your system and maintain your non-stop business
computing.
Some special features---CPU Thermal Throttling/OC-CON in this motherboard are
designed for power user to use the over-clocking function in more flexible ways. But
please be caution that the over-clocking maybe causes the fails in system reliabilities.
This motherboard provides the guaranteed performance and meets the demands of
the next generation computing. But if you insist to gain more system performance with
variety possibilities of the components you choose, please be careful and make sure
1
to read the detailed descriptions of these value added product features, please get
them in the coming section.
1-1.1 Special Features of Motherboard
CPU Thermal Throttling Technology---(The CPU Overheat Protection
Technology)
To prevent the increasing heat from damage of CPU or accidental shutdown while at
high workload, the CPU Thermal Throttling Technology will force CPU to enter
partially idle mode from 87.5% to 12.5% according to preset CPU operating
temperature in BIOS (from 40℃ to 90℃). When the system senses the CPU
operating temperature reaching the preset value, the CPU operating bandwidth will be
decreased to the preset idle percentage to cool down the processor. When at
throttling mode the beeper sound can be optionally selected to indicate it is in working.
Solid Capacitors ---（High-polymer Solid Electrolysis Aluminum Capacitors）
The working temperature is from 55 degrees Centigrade below zero to 125 degrees
Centigrade, Solid capacitors possess superior physical characteristics that can be
while reducing the working temperature between 20 degrees Centigrade each time,
intact extension 10 times of effective product operation lives, at not rising degrees
Centigrade of working temperatures each time a relative one, life of product decline
10% only too.
2
1-2 Specification
Spec Description
Design
Chipset
CPU Socket
(LGA775 )
Memory Socket
Expansion Slots
Integrate IDE and
Serial ATA2
Integrated VGA
LAN
HD Audio
BIOS
Multi I/O
z Micro ATX form factor 4 layers PCB size: 24.5*18cm
z Intel G41 Memory Controller Hub (MCH) Chipset
z Intel 82801GB I/O Controller Hub (ICH7) Chipset
z Supports the innovative 65nm and 90nm Intel® Pentium® Dual Core
Processor，Intel® Core 2 Quad, Intel® Core 2 Duo® (Code Name:
Conroe) Processor with Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology and
fully supports the future 45nm processors. Suggest the power of the
CPU should below 65w
z Support FSB Frequency 1333 / 1066 / 800MHz
z 240-pin DDR2 RAM module socket x 2 for MI5-G41SGMD2-LF
z MI5-G41SGMD2-LF supports dual-channel DDR2 667 /DDR2
800MHz RAM Module expandable to 8GB.
z 240-pin DDR3 RAM module socket x 2 for MI5-G41SGMD3-LF
z MI5-G41SGMD3-LF supports dual-channel DDR3 800
/DDR31066MHz RAM Module expandable to 8GB.
z PCI-Express x16 slot 1pcs.
z PCI-Express x1 slot 1pcs
z 32-bit PCI slot 2pcs
z One PCI IDE controller that supports PCI Bus Mastering, ATA
PIO/DMA and the ULTRA DMA 33/66/100 functions that deliver the
data transfer rate up to 100 MB/s; four Serial ATA2 ports each
provides 3.0 Gb /sec data transfer rate.
z Integrated Graphic Media Accelerator 4500
z Integrated PCI-E 10/100 LAN chip
z Support Fast Ethernet LAN function of providing 10Mb / 100Mb
data transfer rate
z Realtek ALC662 Azalia 6-channel Audio Codec integrated
z Audio driver and utility included
z AMI 8MB DIP Flash ROM
z PS/2 keyboard and PS/2 mouse connectors
z Floppy disk drive connector x1 (optional)
z Parallel header x1 (optional)/ Serial port x1
z D-Sub 15-pin VGA Conn.
z USB 2.0 connector x 4, headers x2
z HDMI-SPDIF header x1
z SATA Connector x4
z RJ-45 LAN connector x1
z Audio connector x1 (Line-in, Line-out, MIC)
3
K
1-3 Item Checklist
5
Intel G41 Platform Processor Chipset based motherboard
5
DVD for motherboard utilities
5
Hard disk cable
5
User’s Manual
5
Back panel
1-4 Layout Diagram
Diagram is for MI5-G41SGMD2-LF
PS2 KB/Mouse
Port
COM
B／MS Power ON
Jumper (JP1)
ATX 12V Power
Connector
CPU Socket mPGA775
DDRII
DIMMx2
ATX Power
VGA
Connector
USB Port
RJ-45 Over
USB Port
6-CH
Audio Connector
PCI Express x16
PCI Express x1
32-bit PCI Slot
ALC662 HD
Audio Codec
Front Panel Audio
CPU FAN
SYSFAN1
USB Power ON Jumper
Megabit LAN Chip
(JP2)
Intel G41Express
Chipset
SYS FAN2
Intel 82801GB
ICH Chipset
IDE Connector
Front Panel Header
Power Led &
Speaker Header
Serial-ATA2
Connector
(SATA1, 2, 3, 4)
HDMI-SPDIF Header
USB Connector
4
K
Diagram is for MI5-G41SGMD3-LF
PS2 KB/Mouse
Port
COM
B／MS Power ON
Jumper (JP1)
ATX 12V Power
Connector
CPU Socket mPGA775
DDRIII
DIMMx2
ATX Power
VGA
Connector
USB Port
RJ45 Over
USB Port
6-CH
Audio Connector
Megabit LAN Chip
PCI Express x16
PCI Express x1
32-bit PCI Slot
CD Audio In
HD Audio Codec
Front Panel Audio
ALC662
CPU FAN
SYSFAN1
USB Power ON Jumper (JP2)
Intel G41Express
Chipset
SYS FAN2
Intel 82801GB
ICH Chipset
IDE Connector
Front Panel
Header
Power Led &
Speaker Header
Serial-ATA2
Connector
(SATA1, 2, 3, 4)
Parallel Header
HDMI-SPDIF Header
Floppy Connector
USB Header
5
Chapter 2
Hardware Installation
2-1 Install LGA 775 Supported Intel Processor
This motherboard provides a 775-pin surface mount, LGA775 Land Grid Array socket,
referred to as the LGA775 socket supports Intel Pentium Dual Core processor in the
775 Pin package utilizes Flip-Chip Land Grid Array (FC-LGA) package technology.
The CPU that comes with the motherboard should have a cooling FAN attached to
prevent overheating. If this is not the case, then purchase a correct cooling FAN
before you turn on your system.
WARNING! 1.
Be sure that there is sufficient air circulation across the processor’s
heatsink and CPU cooling FAN is working correctly, otherwise it may
cause the processor and motherboard overheat and damage, you
may install an auxiliary cooling FAN, if necessary.
2
. Suggest the power of CPU should below 65w.
To install a CPU, first turn off your system and remove its cover. Locate the LGA775
socket and open it by first pulling the level sideways away from the socket then
upward to a 90-degree angle. Insert the CPU with the correct orientation as shown
below. The notched corner should point toward the end of the level. Because the CPU
has a corner pin for two of the four corners, the CPU will only fit in the orientation as
shown.
LGA775
Colden Arrow
CPU LGA775 Socket
6
2-2 Install Memory
Model
MI5-G41SGMD2-LF
provides two 240-pin
DDR2
DUAL INLINE MEMORY
MODULES (DIMM) socket for DDR2 memory expansion to maximum memory
volume of 8GB DDR2 SDRAM.
Valid Memory Configuration for MI5-G41SGMD2-LF
Bank 240-Pin DIMM PCS Total Memory
Bank 0, 1 (DIMM1) DDR2 / 667/ 800 X1 4GB
Bank 2, 3 (DIMM2) DDR2 / 667/ 800 X1 4GB
2 8GB
DUAL INLINE MEMORY
Model
Total Memory (Max.4GB)
MI5-G41SGMD3-LF
provides two 240-pin
DDR3
MODULES (DIMM) socket for DDR3 memory expansion to maximum memory
volume of 8GB DDR3 SDRAM.
Valid Memory Configuration for MI5-G41SGMD3-LF
Bank 240-Pin DIMM PCS Total Memory
Bank 0, 1 (DIMM1) DDR3 800/ DDR3 1066 X1 4GB
Bank 2, 3 (DIMM2) DDR3 800/ DDR3 1066 X1 4GB
Total Memory (Max.4GB)
2 8GB
Recommend DIMM Module Combination
1. One DIMM Module ----Plug in DIMM1
2. Two DIMM Modules---Plug in DIMM1 and DIMM2 for Dual channel function
For Dual channel Limited!
1. Dual channel function only supports when 2 DIMM Modules plug in either both DIMM1
& DIMM2
2. DIMM1 & DIMM2 must be the same type, same size, and same frequency for dual
channel function.
Install memory modules to your motherboard is not difficult, you can refer to figure
below to see how to install a memory module.
DIMM2 (BANK2+ BANK3)
DIMM1 (BANK0+ BANK1)
NOTE!
When you install DIMM module fully into the DIMM socket the eject
tab should be locked into the DIMM module very firmly and fit into its
indention on both sides.
7
2-3 Expansion Cards
The G41 motherboard series offer one PCI-Express x16 graphics slot of 8Gbyte/sec
data transfer rate at each relative direction which gets 7 times of bandwidth more than
AGP 8X and it’s up to a peak concurrent bandwidth of 16Gbyte/sec at full speed to
guarantee the ultimate GPU computing performance. One PCI Express x1 I/O slot
and two 32-bit PCI slots guarantee the rich connectivity for the I/O of peripherals. The
motherboards are designed of tackling the profuse multimedia requirements
nowadays.
PCI-E x1 Slot
32-bit PCI Slots
PCI-E x16 Slot
8
Chapter 3
Connectors, Headers & Jumpers Setting
3-1 Connectors
(1) Power Connector (24-pin block): ATXPWR
ATX Power Supply connector:
This is a new defined 24-pins
connector that usually comes
ROW1 ROW2
with ATX case. The ATX Power
Supply allows using soft power
on momentary switch that
connect from the front panel
switch to 2-pins Power On jumper
pole on the motherboard. When
the power switch on the back of
the ATX power supply turned on,
the full power will not come into
the system board until the front
panel switch is momentarily
Pin 1
20-Pin
pressed. Press this switch again will turn off the power to the system board.
** We recommend that you use an ATX 12V Specification 2.0-compliant power
supply unit (PSU) with a minimum of 350W power rating. This type has 24-pin
and 4-pin power plugs.
** If you intend to use a PSU with 20-pin and 4-pin power plugs, make sure that the
20-pin power plug can provide at least 15A on +12V and the power supply unit
has a minimum power rating of 350W. The system may become unstable or may
not boot up if the power is inadequate.
ROW1 ROW2
Pin 1
24-Pin
PIN ROW1 ROW2
1 3.3V 3.3V
2 3.3V -12V
3 GND GND
4 5V Soft Power On
5 GND GND
6 5V GND
7 GND GND
8 Power OK -5V
9 +5V (for Soft Logic) +5V
10 +12V +5V
11 +12V +5V
12 +3V GND
20-pin power plug 24-pin power plug
(2) ATX 12V Power Connector (4-pin block) : ATX12V
This is a new defined 4-pins connector that usually comes with ATX Power
Supply. The ATX Power Supply which fully supports AM2 processor must
including this connector for support extra 12V voltage to maintain system power
consumption. Without this connector might cause system unstable because the
power supply can not provide sufficient current for system.
9
4
3
+12V
GND
Pin1
ATX12V
+12V
GND
2
(3) PS/2 Mouse & PS/2 Keyboard Connector: KB1
The connectors are for PS/2 keyboard and PS/2 Mouse.
(4) USB Port connector: USB1, UL1
The connectors are 4-pin connectors that connect USB devices to the system
board.
(5) LAN Port connector: UL1
This connector is standard RJ45 connector for Network.
The USBLAN1 support 10M/100M data transfer rate.
(6) Audio Line-In, Lin-Out, MIC Connector:
This Connector is 3 phones Jack for LINE-OUT, LINE-IN, and MIC
AUDIO1
Line-out: (GREEN) Audio output to speaker
Line-in: (BLUE) Audio input to sound chip
MIC: (PINK) Microphone Connector
PS/2
Mouse
PS/2
Keyboard
COM
VGA
RJ-LAN
Line-IN
Line-OUT
MIC-IN
(7) Floppy drive Connector (34-pin block): FLOPPY (Optional)
This connector supports the provided floppy drive ribbon cable. Af ter c onne ctin g
the single plug end to motherboard, connect the two plugs at other end to the
floppy drives.
Pin 1
Floppy Drive Connector
10
USB Port
FDD
(8) Primary IDE Connector (40-pin block): IDE
This connector connects to the next set of Master and Slave hard disks. Follow
the same procedure described for the primary IDE connector. You may also
configure two hard disks to be both Masters using one ribbon cable on the
primary IDE connector and another ribbon cable on the secondary IDE
connector.
Two hard disks can be connected to each connector. The first HDD is
z
referred to as the “Master” and the second HDD is referred to as the “Slave”.
For performance issues, we strongly suggest you don’t install a CD-ROM or
z
DVD-ROM drive on the same IDE channel as a hard disk. Otherwise, the
system performance on this channel may drop.
IDE1
Pin 1
IDE Connec to r
(9) Serial-ATA Port connector: SATA1 / SATA2 / SATA3/ SATA4
These connectors support the provided Serial ATA and Serial ATA2 IDE hard disk
cable to connecting the motherboard and serial ATA hard disk.
SATA4
SATA3
SATA2
SATA1
Serial-ATA1 & 2 Compatible Co nnectors
(10)
Serial COM Port: COM1
COM1 is the 9-pin connector. The On-board serial port can be disabled through
BIOS SETUP.
(11) VGA Connector (15-pin D-Sub) Connector: VGA
VGA is the 15-pin D-Subminiature female connector for display monitor.
11
3-2 Headers
(1) Line-Out/MIC Header for Front Panel (9-pin): AUDIO
This header is connected to Front Panel Line-out, MIC connector with cable.
Audio-GND
KEY
Audio-JD
MIC2-JD
LINE2-JD
AUDIO
Pin 1
2
MIC2-L
MIC2-R
10
9
Sense-FB
Lineout2-L
Lineout2-R
Line-Out, MIC Head ers
(2) USB Port Headers (9-pin) : USB2 / USB3
These headers are used for connecting the additional USB port plug. By
attaching an option USB cable, your can be provided with two additional USB
plugs affixed to the back panel.
USB2
Pin 1
VCC
VCC
USB Port Head ers
USB3
OC
GND
-DATA
+DATA
Pi n 1
GND
-DATA
+DATA
VCC
VCC
OC
GND
-DA TA
+DATA
GND
-DATA
+DATA
(3) Speaker connector: SPEAK
This 4-pin connector connects to the case-mounted speaker. See the figure
below.
(4) Power LED: PWR LED
The Power LED is light on while the system power is on. Connect the Power
LED from the system case to this pin.
(5) IDE Activity LED: HD LED
This connector connects to the hard disk activity indicator light on the case.
(6) Reset switch lead: RESET
This 2-pin connector connects to the case-mounted reset switch for rebooting
your computer without having to turn off your power switch. This is a preferred
method of rebooting in order to prolong the lift of the system’s power supply.
See the figure below.
12
(7) Power switch: PWR BTN
This 2-pin connector connects to the case-mounted power switch to power
ON/OFF the system.
PWRBTN
PWR LED
PWRLED
Pin 1
Pin 1
SPEAK
NC
GND
VCC5
SPKR
System Case Conne cti ons
JW F P
Pin 1
GND
VCC5
PWRBTN
PWRLE D
NC
GND
VCC5
HDDLE
RSTSW
RES ET
HDLED
(8) FAN Power Headers: SYSFAN1, SYSFAN2 (3-pin), CPUFAN (4-pin)
These connectors support cooling fans of 350mA (4.2 Watts) or less, depending on
the fan manufacturer, the wire and plug may be different. The red wire should be
positive, while the black should be ground. Connect the fan’s plug to the board taking
into consideration the polarity of connector.
CPUFAN
SYSFAN1
1
4
GND
+12V
CPUFAN IN
CPUFAN OUT
1
3
SYSFAN2
13
(9) CD Audio-In Headers (4-pin): CDIN (Optional)
CDIN are the connectors for CD-Audio Input signal. Please connect it to
CD-ROM CD-Audio output connector.
CDIN
4 1
CD Audi o-In Headers
13
(10) Parallel Port header (25-pin): PARALLEL (Optional)
The On-board Parallel Port can be disabled through the BIOS SETUP. .
Pin 1
PARALLEL Connector
(11) SPDIF Out header: SPDIF Out
The SPDIF output is capable of providing digital audio to external speakers or
compressed AC3 data to an external Dolby digital decoder. Use this feature only
when your stereo system has digital input function.
HDMI_ SPDI F_OU T
1
HDMI_SPDIF Header
GND
2
3-3 Jumper Setting
(1) Keyboard/Mouse Power-on Enabled/Disabled: JP1
JP1
1-2 Closed KB/MSPower ON Disable (Default)
Keyboard/Mouse Power On Setting
JP1
2-3 Closed KB/MS Power ON Enabled
14
(2) USB Power-on Enabled/Disabled: JP2/JP3
JP2/JP3
1-2 Closed: USB Power On Disable (Default )
USB Power On Setting
JP2/JP3
2-3 Closed: USB Power On Enabled
(3) CMOS RAM Clear (3-pin): JBAT
A battery must be used to retain the motherboard configuration in CMOS RAM
short 1-2 pins of JBAT to store the CMOS data.
To clear the CMOS, follow the procedure below (
1. Turn off the system and unplug the AC power
2. Remove ATX power cable from ATX power connector
3. Locate JBAT and short pins 2-3 for a few seconds
4. Return JBAT to its normal setting by shorting pins 1-2
5. Connect ATX power cable back to ATX power connector
Note: When should clear CMOS
1. Troubleshooting
2. Forget password
3. After over clocking system boot fail
for MI5-G41SGMD2-LF only
):
For MI5-G41SGMD2-LF
NOTE!
JBAT for MI5-G41SGMD3-LF has only 2-pin. To clear CMOS user needs to short
1-2pins. The normal state is to leave Pin 1-2 open.
1-2 Closed Normal
CMOS RA M Clear Setting
15
JBATJBAT
2-3 Closed Clear CMOS
Chapter 4
Useful Help
4-1 How to Update BIOS
Step 1. Prepare a bootable disc. (You may make one by click START click RUN type
SYS A: click OK)
Step 2. Download upgrade tools and the latest BIOS files of the motherboard from
official website and then make a copy of it to your bootable disk after
decompressing these files
Step 3. Insert the disk into A: start your computer and then type in
“A:\xxxxxx.BAT”(xxxxxxx being the file name of the latest BIOS )
Step 4. Type Enter to update and flash the BIOS. The system will restart
automatically when BIOS is upgraded.
4-2 Trouble Shooting
Problem Solution
No power to the system to the all power light
don’t illuminate, fan inside power supply
doesn’t turn on.
System inoperative. Keyboard lights are on ,
power indicator lights are lit, and hard drive
is spinning.
System doesn’t boot from hard disk drive,
can be booted from optical drive.
System only boots from optical drive .Hard
disk can be read and applications can be
used but booting from hard disk is
impossible.
Screen message says “Invalid
Configuration” or “CMOS Failure”
Can not boot system after installing second
hard drive.
1. Make sure power cable is security
plugged in. 2. Replace cable. 3. Contact
technical support.
Using ever pressure on both ends of the
DIMM , press down firmly until the module
snaps into places.
1. Check cable running from disk to disk
controller board. .Make sure both ends are
securely plugged in, check the drive type in
the standard CMOS setup. 2. Backing up the
hard drive is extremely important .All hard
disks are capable of breaking down at any
time.
1. Back up date and applications files. 2.
Reformat the hard drive. Reinstall
applications and date using backup disks.
Review system ‘s equipment .Make sure
correct information on is in setup.
1. Set master /slave jumpers correctly. 2.
Run SETUP program and select correct
drive types. Call the drive manufacture for
compatibility with other drives.
16
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