Intel® Desktop Board
D945PSN
Technical Product Specification
The Intel® Desktop Board D945PSN may contain design defects or errors known as errata that m a y cause the product to deviate from published specifications. Current
characterized errata are documented in the Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Specification Update.
May 2005
Order Number: D14073-001US
Revision History
Revision Revision History Date
-001 First release of the Intel® Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product
Specification.
This product specification applies to only the standard Intel Desktop Board D945PSN with BIOS
identifier SN94510J.86A.
Changes to this specification will be published in the Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Specification
Update before being incorporated into a revision of this document.
INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL® PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED
BY THIS DOCUMENT. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH
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RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT,
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All Intel desktop boards are evaluated as Information Technology Equipment (I.T.E.) for use in personal computers (PC) for
installation in homes, offices, schools, computer rooms, and similar locations. The suitability of this product for other PC or
embedded non-PC applications or other environments, such as medical, industrial, alarm systems, test equipment, etc. may
not be supported without further evaluation by Intel.
May 2005
Intel Corporation may have patents or pending patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property
rights that relate to the presented subject matter. The furnishing of documents and other materials and information does not
provide any license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any such patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other
intellectual property rights.
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Designers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked “reserved” or “undefined.”
Intel reserves these for future definition and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts or incompatibilities arising
from future changes to them.
®
Intel
desktop boards may contain design defects or errors known as errata, which may cause the product to deviate from
published specifications. Current characterized errata are available on request.
Contact your local Intel sales office or your distributor to obtain the latest specifications before placing your product order.
Copies of documents which have an ordering number and are referenced in this document, or other Intel literature, may be
obtained from:
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countries.
* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Copyright © 2005, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Preface
This Technical Product Specification (TPS) specifies the board layout, components, connectors,
power and environmental requirements, and the BIOS for the Intel
describes the standard product and available manufacturing options.
Intended Audience
The TPS is intended to provide detailed, technical information about the Desktop Board D945PSN
and its components to the vendors, system integrators, and other engineers and technicians who
need this level of information. It is specifically not intended for general audiences.
What This Document Contains
Chapter Description
1 A description of the hardware used on the Desktop Board D945PSN
2 A map of the resources of the Desktop Board
3 The features supported by the BIOS Setup program
4 A description of the BIOS error messages, beep codes, and POST codes
®
Desktop Board D945PSN. It
Typographical Conventions
This section contains information about the conventions used in this specification. Not all of these
symbols and abbreviations appear in all specifications of this type.
Notes, Cautions, and Warnings
NOTE
Notes call attention to important information.
INTEGRATOR’S NOTES
#
Integrator’s notes are used to call attention to information that may be useful to system integrators.
CAUTION
Cautions are included to help you avoid damaging hardware or losing data.
WARNING
Warnings indicate conditions, which if not observed, can cause personal injury.
iii
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
Other Common Notation
# Used after a signal name to identify an active-low signal (such as USBP0#)
(NxnX) When used in the description of a component, N indicates component type, xn are the relative
coordinates of its location on the Desktop Board D945PSN, and X is the instance of the
particular part at that general location. For example, J5J1 is a connector, located at 5J. It is
the first connector in the 5J area.
GB Gigabyte (1,073,741,824 bytes)
GB/sec Gigabytes per second
Gbits/sec Gigabits per second
KB Kilobyte (1024 bytes)
Kbit Kilobit (1024 bits)
kbits/sec 1000 bits per second
MB Megabyte (1,048,576 bytes)
MB/sec Megabytes per second
Mbit Megabit (1,048,576 bits)
Mbit/sec Megabits per second
xxh An address or data value ending with a lowercase h indicates a hexadecimal value.
x.x V Volts. Voltages are DC unless otherwise specified.
* This symbol is used to indicate third-party brands and names that are the property of their
respective owners.
iv
Contents
1 Product Description
1.1 Overview......................................................................................................................10
1.1.1 Feature Summary..........................................................................................10
1.1.2 Manufacturing Options ..................................................................................11
1.1.3 Board Layout.................................................................................................12
1.1.4 Block Diagram...............................................................................................14
1.2 Online Support.............................................................................................................15
1.3 Processor.....................................................................................................................15
1.4 System Memory...........................................................................................................16
1.4.1 Memory Configurations .................................................................................17
1.5 Intel® 945P Chipset......................................................................................................21
1.5.1 USB...............................................................................................................21
1.5.2 IDE Support...................................................................................................22
1.5.3 Real-Time Clock, CMOS SRAM, and Battery................................................24
1.6 PCI Express Connectors..............................................................................................24
1.7 IEEE-1394a Connectors (Optional)..............................................................................24
1.8 Legacy I/O Controller...................................................................................................25
1.8.1 Serial Port......................................................................................................25
1.8.2 Parallel Port...................................................................................................25
1.8.3 Diskette Drive Controller................................................................................25
1.8.4 Keyboard and Mouse Interface .....................................................................25
1.9 Audio Subsystem.........................................................................................................26
1.9.1 Audio Subsystem Software ...........................................................................26
1.9.2 Audio Connectors..........................................................................................26
1.9.3 6-Channel (5.1) Audio Subsystem.................................................................27
1.10 LAN Subsystem ...........................................................................................................28
1.10.1 LAN Subsystem Software..............................................................................28
1.10.2 10/100 Mbits/sec LAN Subsystem.................................................................29
1.10.3 Gigabit LAN Subsystem ................................................................................30
1.11 Hardware Management Subsystem.............................................................................31
1.11.1 Hardware Monitoring and Fan Control ASIC.................................................31
1.11.2 Chassis Intrusion and Detection....................................................................31
1.11.3 Fan Monitoring...............................................................................................31
1.11.4 Thermal Monitoring........................................................................................32
1.12 Power Management.....................................................................................................33
1.12.1 ACPI..............................................................................................................33
1.12.2 Hardware Support .........................................................................................35
1.13 Trusted Platform Module (Optional).............................................................................38
2 Technical Reference
2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................39
2.2 Memory Resources......................................................................................................39
2.2.1 Addressable Memory.....................................................................................39
2.2.2 Memory Map..................................................................................................41
2.3 DMA Channels.............................................................................................................41
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Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
2.4 Fixed I/O Map...............................................................................................................42
2.5 PCI Configuration Space Map......................................................................................43
2.6 Interrupts......................................................................................................................44
2.7 PCI Conventional Interrupt Routing Map .....................................................................45
2.8 Connectors...................................................................................................................46
2.8.1 Back Panel Connectors.................................................................................47
2.8.2 Component-side Connectors.........................................................................48
2.9 Jumper Block ...............................................................................................................57
2.10 Mechanical Considerations..........................................................................................58
2.10.1 Form Factor...................................................................................................58
2.10.2 I/O Shield.......................................................................................................59
2.11 Electrical Considerations..............................................................................................60
2.11.1 DC Loading....................................................................................................60
2.11.2 Add-in Board Considerations.........................................................................60
2.11.3 Fan Connector Current Capability.................................................................61
2.11.4 Power Supply Considerations .......................................................................61
2.12 Thermal Considerations...............................................................................................62
2.13 Reliability......................................................................................................................64
2.14 Environmental..............................................................................................................65
2.15 Regulatory Compliance................................................................................................66
2.15.1 Safety Regulations ........................................................................................66
2.15.2 EMC Regulations...........................................................................................66
2.15.3 European Union Declaration of Conformity Statement..................................67
2.15.4 Recycling Considerations..............................................................................68
2.15.5 Product Certification Markings (Board Level)................................................69
3 Overview of BIOS Features
3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................71
3.2 BIOS Flash Memory Organization ...............................................................................72
3.3 Resource Configuration ...............................................................................................72
3.3.1 PCI Autoconfiguration....................................................................................72
3.3.2 PCI IDE Support............................................................................................72
3.4 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) ........................................................................73
3.5 Legacy USB Support....................................................................................................73
3.6 BIOS Updates..............................................................................................................74
3.6.1 Language Support.........................................................................................74
3.6.2 Custom Splash Screen..................................................................................74
3.7 Boot Options ................................................................................................................75
3.7.1 CD-ROM Boot ...............................................................................................75
3.7.2 Network Boot.................................................................................................75
3.7.3 Booting Without Attached Devices................................................................75
3.7.4 Changing the Default Boot Device During POST..........................................75
3.8 Adjusting Boot Speed...................................................................................................76
3.8.1 Peripheral Selection and Configuration.........................................................76
3.8.2 BIOS Boot Optimizations...............................................................................76
3.9 BIOS Security Features ...............................................................................................77
vi
4 Error Messages and Beep Codes
4.1 Speaker ....................................................................................................................... 79
4.2 BIOS Beep Codes........................................................................................................79
4.3 BIOS Error Messages..................................................................................................79
4.4 Port 80h POST Codes .................................................................................................80
Figures
1. Board Components......................................................................................................12
2. Block Diagram..............................................................................................................14
3. Memory Channel and DIMM Configuration..................................................................17
4. Dual Channel (Interleaved) Mode Configuration with Two DIMMs ..............................18
5. Dual Channel (Interleaved) Mode Configuration with Three DIMMs............................18
6. Dual Channel (Interleaved) Mode Configuration with Four DIMMs..............................19
7. Single Channel (Asymmetric) Mode Configuration with One DIMM.............................20
8. Single Channel (Asymmetric) Mode Configuration with Three DIMMs........................20
9. Front/Back Panel Audio Connector Options for 6-Channel (5.1) Audio Subsystem....27
10. 6-Channel (5.1) Audio Subsystem Block Diagram.......................................................27
11. LAN Connector LED Locations....................................................................................29
12. LAN Connector LED Locations....................................................................................30
13. Thermal Sensors and Fan Connectors........................................................................32
14. Location of the Standby Power Indicator LED .............................................................38
15. Detailed System Memory Address Map.......................................................................40
16. Back Panel Connectors................................................................................................47
17. Component-side Connectors .......................................................................................48
18. Connection Diagram for Front Panel Connector..........................................................54
19. Connection Diagram for Front Panel USB Connectors................................................56
20. Connection Diagram for IEEE 1394a Connectors........................................................56
21. Location of the Jumper Block.......................................................................................57
22. Board Dimensions........................................................................................................58
23. I/O Shield Dimensions..................................................................................................59
24. Processor Heatsink for Omni-directional Airflow..........................................................62
25. Localized High Temperature Zones.............................................................................63
Contents
Tables
1. Feature Summary ........................................................................................................10
2. Manufacturing Options.................................................................................................11
3. Board Components Shown in Figure 1........................................................................13
4. Supported Memory Configurations ..............................................................................16
5. LAN Connector LED States .........................................................................................29
6. LAN Connector LED States .........................................................................................30
7. Effects of Pressing the Power Switch ..........................................................................33
8. Power States and Targeted System Power .................................................................34
9. Wake-up Devices and Events......................................................................................35
10. System Memory Map ...................................................................................................41
11. DMA Channels.............................................................................................................41
12. I/O Map ........................................................................................................................42
13. PCI Configuration Space Map......................................................................................43
vii
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
14. Interrupts......................................................................................................................44
15. PCI Interrupt Routing Map ...........................................................................................46
16. Back Panel Connectors Shown in Figure 16................................................................47
17. Component-side Connectors Shown in Figure 17 .......................................................49
18. Front Panel Audio Connector.......................................................................................50
19. Chassis Intrusion Connector........................................................................................50
20. SCSI Hard Drive Activity LED Connector (Optional)....................................................50
21. Serial ATA Connectors.................................................................................................50
22. Processor Fan Connector............................................................................................51
23. Front and Rear Chassis Fan Connectors.....................................................................51
24. Auxiliary Fan Connector (optional)...............................................................................51
25. Main Power Connector.................................................................................................52
26. ATX12V Power Connector...........................................................................................52
27. Auxiliary Front Panel Power/Sleep LED Connector.....................................................53
28. Front Panel Connector.................................................................................................54
29. States for a One-Color Power LED..............................................................................55
30. States for a Two-Color Power LED..............................................................................55
31. BIOS Setup Configuration Jumper Settings.................................................................57
32. DC Loading Characteristics .........................................................................................60
33. Fan Connector Current Capability................................................................................61
34. Thermal Considerations for Components ....................................................................64
35. Environmental Specifications.......................................................................................65
36. Safety Regulations.......................................................................................................66
37. EMC Regulations.........................................................................................................66
38. Product Certification Markings.....................................................................................69
39. BIOS Setup Program Menu Bar...................................................................................72
40. BIOS Setup Program Function Keys............................................................................72
41. Boot Device Menu Options ..........................................................................................75
42. Supervisor and User Password Functions...................................................................77
43. Beep Codes .................................................................................................................79
44. BIOS Error Messages..................................................................................................79
45. Port 80h POST Code Ranges......................................................................................80
46. Port 80h POST Codes .................................................................................................81
47. Typical Port 80h POST Sequence...............................................................................84
viii
1 Product Description
What This Chapter Contains
1.1 Overview......................................................................................................................10
1.2 Online Support.............................................................................................................15
1.3 Processor.....................................................................................................................15
1.4 System Memory...........................................................................................................16
1.5 Intel® 945P Chipset......................................................................................................21
1.6 PCI Express Connectors..............................................................................................24
1.7 IEEE-1394a Connectors (Optional)..............................................................................24
1.8 Legacy I/O Controller...................................................................................................25
1.9 Audio Subsystem.........................................................................................................26
1.10 LAN Subsystem ...........................................................................................................28
1.11 Hardware Management Subsystem.............................................................................31
1.12 Power Management.....................................................................................................33
1.13 Trusted Platform Module (Optional).............................................................................38
9
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
1.1 Overview
1.1.1 Feature Summary
Table 1 summarizes the major features of the board.
Table 1. Feature Summary
Form Factor
Processor
Memory
Chipset
Video
Audio
Legacy I/O Control
USB
Peripheral
Interfaces
LAN Support
BIOS
Expansion
Capabilities
Instantly Available
PC Technology
Hardware Monitor
Subsystem
ATX (12.00 inches by 9.60 inches [304.80 millimeters by 243.84 millimeters])
®
Support for an Intel
or 533 MHz system bus
• Four 240-pin DDR2 SDRAM Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM) sockets
• Support for DDR2 667, DDR2 533, or DDR2 400 MHz DIMMs
• Support for up to 4 GB of system memory
Intel® 945P Chipset, consisting of:
• Intel® 82945P Memory Controller Hub (MCH)
• Intel® 82801G I/O Controller Hub (ICH7)
One PCI Express* x16 bus add-in card connector
6-channel (5.1) audio subsystem with three analog audio outputs using the
Sigmatel 9220 audio codec
Legacy I/O controller for diskette drive, serial, parallel, and PS/2* ports
Support for USB 2.0 devices
• Eight USB ports
• One serial port
• One parallel port
• Four Serial ATA interfaces
• One Parallel ATA IDE interface with UDMA 33, ATA-66/100 support
• One diskette drive interface
• PS/2 keyboard and mouse ports
Refer to Table 2 on page 11 for a description of LAN subsystem options.
®
• Intel
• Support for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI), Plug and Play,
• Four PCI Conventional* bus connectors
• Two PCI Express x1 bus add-in card connectors
• One PCI Express x16 bus add-in card connector
• Support for PCI Local Bus Specification Revision 2.3
• Support for PCI Express Revision 1.0a
• Suspend to RAM support
• Wake on PCI, RS-232, front panel, PS/2 devices, and USB ports
• Hardware monitoring and fan control ASIC
• Voltage sense to detect out of range power supply voltages
• Thermal sense to detect out of range thermal values
• Three fan connectors
• Three fan sense inputs used to monitor fan activity
• Fan speed control
BIOS (resident in the SPI Flash device)
and SMBIOS
Pentium® 4 processor in an LGA775 socket with a 1066, 800,
10
Product Description
1.1.2 Manufacturing Options
Table 2 describes the manufacturing options. Not every manufacturing option is available in all
marketing channels. Please contact your Intel representative to determine which manufacturing
options are available to you.
Table 2. Manufacturing Options
Auxiliary fan
connector
IEEE-1394a
Interface
LAN subsystem
SATA RAID
SCSI Hard Drive
Activity LED
Connector
Trusted Platform
Module (TPM),
revision 1.2
For information about Refer to
Available configurations for the board Section 1.2, page 15
Additional fan connector for use in larger chassis
IEEE-1394a controller and three IEEE-1394a connectors (one back panel connector,
two front-panel connectors)
The board provides one of the following:
• Gigabit (10/100/1000 Mbits/sec) LAN subsystem using the Intel® 82573V/82574V
Gigabit Ethernet Controller
• 10/100 Mbits/sec LAN subsystem using the Intel
(PLC) device
Intel® 82801GR I/O Controller Hub (ICH7-R) for RAID support (levels 0,1, 0+1, and 5)
on the SATA interface
Allows add-in hard drive controllers (SCSI or other) to use the same LED as the
onboard IDE controller.
A component that enhances platform security
®
82562GX Platform LAN Connect
11
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
1.1.3 Board Layout
Figure 1 shows the location of the major components.
HH
GG
FF
EE
DD
CC
BB
B
D
FGH
EA
C
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
AA
Y
Z
X
VW
Figure 1. Board Components
Table 3 lists the components identified in Figure 1.
Q
S RTU
OM17952
12
Table 3. Board Components Shown in Figure 1
Item/callout
from Figure 1 Description
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
AA
BB
CC
DD
EE
FF
GG
HH
Auxiliary fan connector (optional)
Speaker
PCI Express x1 bus add-in card connectors [2]
Audio codec
Front panel audio connector
Ethernet device
PCI Conventional bus add-in card connectors [2]
PCI Express x16 bus add-in card connector
Back panel connectors
+12V power connector (ATX12V)
Rear chassis fan connector
LGA775 processor socket
Intel 82945P MCH
Processor fan connector
DIMM Channel A sockets [2]
DIMM Channel B sockets [2]
SCSI LED connector (optional)
Legacy I/O controller
Power connector
Diskette drive connector
Parallel ATE IDE connector
Battery
Front chassis fan connector
BIOS Setup configuration jumper block
Serial ATA connectors [4]
Auxiliary front panel power LED connector
Front panel connector
Front panel USB connectors [2]
Chassis intrusion connector
Intel 82801G I/O Controller Hub (ICH7)
SPI flash device
IEEE-1394a controller (optional)
Front panel IEEE-1394a connectors (optional) [2]
PCI Conventional bus add-in card connectors [2]
Product Description
13
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
1.1.4 Block Diagram
Figure 2 is a block diagram of the major functional areas.
PCI Express x1 Slot 1
PCI Express x1 Slot 2
Parallel ATA
IDE Connector
LGA775
Processor Socket
PCI Express
x16 Interface
PCI Express
x16
Connector
Channel A
DIMMs (2)
Channel B
DIMMs (2)
PCI Express x1 Interface
Parallel ATA
IDE Interface
System Bus
(1066/800/533 MHz)
Intel 945P Chipset
Intel 82945P
Memory Controller
Hub (MCH)
Dual-Channel
Memory Bus
SMBus
Gigabit Ethernet
Controller (Optional)
USB
Legacy
I/O
Controller
LPC
Bus
Intel 82801G
I/O Controller Hub
(ICH7)
DMI Interconnect
Interface
LAN Connect
Back Panel/Front Panel
USB Ports
Serial Port
Parallel Port
PS/2 Mouse
PS/2 Keyboard
Serial Peripheral
Interface (SPI)
Flash Device
LPC
Bus
10/100
LAN PLC
(Optional)
TPM Component
LAN
Connector
Diskette Drive
Connector
(Optional)
LAN
Connector
IEEE-1394a Connectors
(optional)
PCI Slot 1
PCI Slot 2
PCI Slot 3
PCI Slot 4
= connector or socket
IEEE-1394a
Controller
(optional)
PCI Bus
SMBus
Hardware Monitoring
and Fan Control ASIC
PCI
Bus
Figure 2. Block Diagram
14
Serial ATA
High Definition Audio Link
IDE Interface
Audio
Codec
Line In/Retaski ng Jack
Line Out/Retasking Jack
Mic In/Retasking Jack
Serial ATA IDE
Connectors (4)
Line Out
Mic In
OM17953
Product Description
1.2 Online Support
To find information about… Visit this World Wide Web site:
®
Desktop Board D945PSN under
Intel
“Desktop Board Products” or “Desktop
Board Support”
Available configurations for the Desktop
Board D945PSN
Processor data sheets http://www.intel.com/design/litcentr
ICH7 addressing http://developer.intel.com/products/chipsets
Custom splash screens http://intel.com/design/motherbd/gen_indx.htm
Audio software and utilities http://www.intel.com/design/motherbd
LAN software and drivers http://www.intel.com/design/motherbd
Supported video modes http://www.intel.com/design/motherbd/sn/sn_documentation.htm
http://www.intel.com/design/motherbd
http://support.intel.com/support/motherboards/desktop
http://developer.intel.com/design/motherbd/sn/sn_available.htm
1.3 Processor
The board is designed to support Intel Pentium 4 processors in an LGA775 processor socket with a
1066, 800, or 533 MHz system bus. See the Intel web site listed below for the most up-to-date list
of supported processors.
For information about… Refer to:
Supported processors http://www.intel.com/design/motherbd/sn/sn_proc.htm
CAUTION
Use only the processors listed on web site above. Use of unsupported processors can damage the
board, the processor, and the power supply.
INTEGRATOR’S NOTE
#
Use only ATX12V-compliant power supplies.
For information about Refer to
Power supply connectors Section 2.8.2.2, page 52
15
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
1.4 System Memory
The board has four DIMM sockets and support the following memory features:
• 1.8 V (only) DDR2 SDRAM DIMMs with gold-plated contacts
• Unbuffered, single-sided or double-sided DIMMs with the following restriction:
Double-sided DIMMS with x16 organization are not supported.
• 4 GB maximum total system memory. Refer to Section 2.2.1 on page 39 for information on the
total amount of addressable memory.
• Minimum total system memory: 128 MB
• Non-ECC DIMMs
• Serial Presence Detect
• DDR2 667, DDR2 533, or DDR2 400 MHz SDRAM DIMMs
NOTES
• Remove the PCI Express x16 video card before installing or upgrading memory to avoid
interference with the memory retention mechanism.
• To be fully compliant with all applicable DDR SDRAM memory specifications, the board
should be populated with DIMMs that support the Serial Presence Detect (SPD) data structure.
This allows the BIOS to read the SPD data and program the chipset to accurately configure
memory settings for optimum performance. If non-SPD memory is installed, the BIOS will
attempt to correctly configure the memory settings, but performance and reliability may be
impacted or the DIMMs may not function under the determined frequency.
Table 4 lists the supported DIMM configurations.
Table 4. Supported Memory Configurations
DIMM
Capacity
128 MB SS 256 Mbit 16 M x 16/empty 4
256 MB SS 256 Mbit 32 M x 8/empty 8
256 MB SS 512 Mbit 32 M x 16/empty 4
512 MB DS 256 Mbit 32 M x 8/32 M x 8 16
512 MB SS 512 Mbit 64 M x 8/empty 8
512 MB SS 1 Gbit 64 M x 16/empty 4
1024 MB DS 512 Mbit 64 M x 8/64 M x 8 16
1024 MB SS 1 Gbit 128 M x 8/empty 8
2048 MB DS 1 Gbit 128 M x 8/128 M x 8 16
Note: In the second column, “DS” refers to double-sided memory modules (containing two rows of SDRAM) and “SS” refers
to single-sided memory modules (containing one row of SDRAM).
INTEGRATOR’S NOTE
#
Configuration
SDRAM
Density
SDRAM Organization
Front-side/Back-side
Number of SDRAM
Devices
It is possible to install four 2048 MB (2 GB) modules for a total of 8 GB of system memory,
however, only 4 GB of address space is available. Refer to Section 2.2.1, on page 39 for additional
information on available memory.
16
Product Description
1.4.1 Memory Configurations
The Intel 82945P MCH supports two types of memory organization:
• Dual channel (Interleaved) mode. This mode offers the highest throughput for real world
applications. Dual channel mode is enabled when the installed memory capacities of both
DIMM channels are equal. Technology and device width can vary from one channel to the
other but the installed memory capacity for each channel must be equal. If different speed
DIMMs are used between channels, the slowest memory timing will be used.
• Single channel (Asymmetric) mode. This mode is equivalent to single channel bandwidth
operation for real world applications. This mode is used when only a single DIMM is installed
or the memory capacities are unequal. Technology and device width can vary from one
channel to the other. If different speed DIMMs are used between channels, the slowest
memory timing will be used.
Figure 3 illustrates the memory channel and DIMM configuration.
NOTE
The DIMM0 sockets of both channels are blue. The DIMM1 sockets of both channels are black.
Figure 3. Memory Channel and DIMM Configuration
Channel A, DIMM 0
Channel A, DIMM 1
Channel B, DIMM 0
Channel B, DIMM 1
OM17823
17
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
1.4.1.1 Dual Channel (Interleaved) Mode Configurations
Figure 4 shows a dual channel configuration using two DIMMs. In this example, the DIMM0
(blue) sockets of both channels are populated with identical DIMMs.
1 GB
Channel A, DIMM 0
Channel A, DIMM 1
1 GB
Channel B, DIMM 0
Channel B, DIMM 1
OM17123
Figure 4. Dual Channel (Interleaved) Mode Configuration with Two DIMMs
Figure 5 shows a dual channel configuration using three DIMMs. In this example, the combined
capacity of the two DIMMs in Channel A equal the capacity of the single DIMM in the DIMM0
(blue) socket of Channel B.
256 MB
256 MB
Channel A, DIMM 0
Channel A, DIMM 1
512 MB
Channel B, DIMM 0
Channel B, DIMM 1
OM17122
Figure 5. Dual Channel (Interleaved) Mode Configuration with Three DIMMs
18
Product Description
Figure 6 shows a dual channel configuration using four DIMMs. In this example, the combined
capacity of the two DIMMs in Channel A equal the combined capacity of the two DIMMs in
Channel B. Also, the DIMMs are matched between DIMM0 and DIMM1 of both channels.
256 MB
512 MB
256 MB
512 MB
Channel A, DIMM 0
Channel A, DIMM 1
Channel B, DIMM 0
Channel B, DIMM 1
OM17124
Figure 6. Dual Channel (Interleaved) Mode Configuration with Four DIMMs
19
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
1.4.1.2 Single Channel (Asymmetric) Mode Configurations
NOTE
Dual channel (Interleaved) mode configurations provide the highest memory throughput.
Figure 7 shows a single channel configuration using one DIMM. In this example, only the DIMM0
(blue) socket of Channel A is populated. Channel B is not populated.
256 MB
Figure 7. Single Channel (Asymmetric) Mode Configuration with One DIMM
Channel A, DIMM 0
Channel A, DIMM 1
Channel B, DIMM 0
Channel B, DIMM 1
OM17125
Figure 8 shows a single channel configuration using three DIMMs. In this example, the combined
capacity of the two DIMMs in Channel A does not equal the capacity of the single DIMM in the
DIMM0 (blue) socket of Channel B.
256 MB
512 MB
Channel A, DIMM 0
Channel A, DIMM 1
Figure 8. Single Channel (Asymmetric) Mode Configuration with Three DIMMs
20
512 MB
Channel B, DIMM 0
Channel B, DIMM 1
OM17126
Product Description
1.5 Intel® 945P Chipset
The Intel 945P chipset consists of the following devices:
• Intel 82945P Memory Controller Hub (MCH) with Direct Media Interface (DMI) interconnect
• Intel 82801G I/O Controller Hub (ICH7) with DMI interconnect
The MCH component provides interfaces to the CPU, memory, PCI Express, and the DMI
interconnect. The ICH7 is a centralized controller for the board’s I/O paths.
For information about Refer to
The Intel 945P chipset http://developer.intel.com/
Resources used by the chipset Chapter 2
1.5.1 USB
The board supports up to eight USB 2.0 ports, supports UHCI and EHCI, and uses UHCI- and
EHCI-compatible drivers.
The ICH7 provides the USB controller for all ports. The port arrangement is as follows:
• Four ports are implemented with dual stacked back panel connectors adjacent to the audio
connectors
• Four ports are routed to two separate front panel USB connectors
NOTE
Computer systems that have an unshielded cable attached to a USB port may not meet FCC
Class B requirements, even if no device is attached to the cable. Use shielded cable that meets the
requirements for full-speed devices.
For information about Refer to
The location of the USB connectors on the back panel Figure 16, page 47
The location of the front panel USB connectors Figure 17, page 48
21
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
1.5.2 IDE Support
The board provides five IDE interface connectors:
• One parallel ATA IDE connector that supports two devices
• Four serial ATA IDE connectors that support one device per connector
1.5.2.1 Parallel ATE IDE Interface
The ICH7’s Parallel ATA IDE controller has one bus-mastering Parallel ATA IDE interface. The
Parallel ATA IDE interface supports the following modes:
• Programmed I/O (PIO): processor controls data transfer.
• 8237-style DMA: DMA offloads the processor, supporting transfer rates of up to 16 MB/sec.
• Ultra DMA: DMA protocol on IDE bus supporting host and target throttling and transfer rates
of up to 33 MB/sec.
• ATA-66: DMA protocol on IDE bus supporting host and target throttling and transfer rates of
up to 66 MB/sec. ATA-66 protocol is similar to Ultra DMA and is device driver compatible.
• ATA-100: DMA protocol on IDE bus allows host and target throttling. The ICH7’s ATA-100
logic can achieve read transfer rates up to 100 MB/sec and write transfer rates up to 88 MB/sec.
NOTE
ATA-66 and ATA-100 are faster timings and require a specialized cable to reduce reflections,
noise, and inductive coupling.
The Parallel ATA IDE interface also supports ATAPI devices (such as CD-ROM drives) and ATA
devices using the transfer modes.
The BIOS supports Logical Block Addressing (LBA) and Extended Cylinder Head Sector (ECHS)
translation modes. The drive reports the transfer rate and translation mode to the BIOS.
For information about Refer to
The location of the Parallel ATA IDE connector Figure 17, page 48
1.5.2.2 Serial ATA Interfaces
The ICH7’s Serial ATA controller offers four independent Serial ATA ports with a theoretical
maximum transfer rate of 3 Gbits/sec per port. One device can be installed on each port for a
maximum of four Serial ATA devices. A point-to-point interface is used for host to device
connections, unlike Parallel ATA IDE which supports a master/slave configuration and two devices
per channel.
For compatibility, the underlying Serial ATA functionality is transparent to the operating system.
The Serial ATA controller can operate in both legacy and native modes. In legacy mode, standard
IDE I/O and IRQ resources are assigned (IRQ 14 and 15). In Native mode, standard PCI
Conventional bus resource steering is used. Native mode is the preferred mode for configurations
using the Windows* XP and Windows 2000 operating systems.
22
Product Description
NOTE
Many Serial ATA drives use new low-voltage power connectors and require adaptors or power
supplies equipped with low-voltage power connectors.
For more information, see: http://www.serialata.org/
For information about Refer to
The location of the Serial ATA IDE connectors Figure 17, page 48
1.5.2.3 Serial ATA RAID (Optional)
The optional ICH7-R supports the following RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Drives)
levels:
• RAID 0 - data striping. Multiple physical drives can be teamed together to create one logical
drive. As data is written or retrieved from the logical drive, both drives operate in parallel, thus
increasing the throughput. The ICH7-R allows for more than two drives to be used in a
RAID 0 configuration.
• RAID 1 - data mirroring. Multiple physical drives maintain duplicate sets of all data on
separate disk drives. Level 1 provides the highest data reliability because two complete copies
of all information are maintained. The ICH7-R allows for two or four drives to be used in a
RAID 1 configuration.
• RAID 0+1 (or RAID 10) - data striping and mirroring. RAID 0+1 combines multiple mirrored
drives (RAID 1) with data striping (RAID 0) into a single array. This provides the highest
performance with data protection. Data is striped across all mirrored sets. RAID 0+1 utilizes
several drives to stripe data (increased performance) and then makes a copy of the striped
drives to provide redundancy. The mirrored disks eliminate the overhead and delay of parity.
• RAID 5 - distributed parity. RAID Level 5 stripes data at a block level across several drives
and distributes parity among the drives; no single disk is devoted to parity. Because parity data
is distributed on each drive, read performance tends to be lower than other RAID types.
RAID 5 requires the use of three or four drives.
1.5.2.4 SCSI Hard Drive Activity LED Connector (Optional)
The SCSI hard drive activity LED connector is a 1 x 2-pin connector that allows an add-in
hard drive controller to use the same LED as the onboard IDE controller. For proper operation, this
connector should be wired to the LED output of the add-in hard drive controller. The LED
indicates when data is being read from, or written to, either the add-in hard drive controller or the
onboard IDE controller (Parallel ATA or Serial ATA).
For information about Refer to
The location of the SCSI hard drive activity LED connector Figure 17, page 48
The signal names of the SCSI hard drive activity LED connector Table 20, page 50
23
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
1.5.3 Real-Time Clock, CMOS SRAM, and Battery
A coin-cell battery (CR2032) powers the real-time clock and CMOS memory. When the computer
is not plugged into a wall socket, the battery has an estimated life of three years. When the
computer is plugged in, the standby current from the power supply extends the life of the battery.
The clock is accurate to ± 13 minutes/year at 25 ºC with 3.3 VSB applied.
NOTE
If the battery and AC power fail, custom defaults, if previously saved, will be loaded into CMOS
RAM at power-on.
1.6 PCI Express Connectors
The board provides the following PCI Express connectors:
• One PCI Express x16 connector supporting simultaneous transfer speeds up to 8 GBytes/sec
• Two PCI Express x1 connectors. The x1 interfaces support simultaneous transfer speeds up to
500 MBytes/sec
The PCI Express interface supports the PCI Conventional bus configuration mechanism so that the
underlying PCI Express architecture is compatible with PCI Conventional compliant operating
systems. Additional features of the PCI Express interface include the following:
• Support for the PCI Express enhanced configuration mechanism
• Automatic discovery, link training, and initialization
• Support for Active State Power Management (ASPM)
• SMBus 2.0 support
• Wake# signal supporting wake events from ACPI S1, S3, S4, or S5
• Software compatible with the PCI Power Management Event (PME) mechanism defined in the
PCI Power Management Specification Rev. 1.1
1.7 IEEE-1394a Connectors (Optional)
The optional IEEE-1394a interface addresses interconnection of both computer peripherals and
consumer electronics. The IEEE-1394a interface provides a throughput ranging from
100 Mbits/sec to 400 Mbits/sec. As a manufacturing option, the board includes three IEEE-1394a
connectors as follows:
• One IEEE-1394a connector located on the back panel.
• Two IEEE-1394a front-panel connectors located on the component side.
For information about Refer to
The location of the back panel IEEE-1394a connector Figure 16, page 47
The location of the front panel IEEE-1394a connectors Figure 17, page 48
The signal names of the front panel IEEE-1394a connectors Section 2.8.2.7, page 56
24
Product Description
1.8 Legacy I/O Controller
The legacy I/O controller provides the following features:
• One serial port
• One parallel port with Extended Capabilities Port (ECP) and Enhanced Parallel Port
(EPP) support
• Serial IRQ interface compatible with serialized IRQ support for PCI Conventional bus systems
• PS/2-style mouse and keyboard interfaces
• Interface for one 1.44 MB or 2.88 MB diskette drive
• Intelligent power management, including a programmable wake-up event interface
• PCI Conventional bus power management support
The BIOS Setup program provides configuration options for the legacy I/O controller.
1.8.1 Serial Port
The Serial port A connector is located on the back panel. The serial port supports data transfers at
speeds up to 115.2 kbits/sec with BIOS support.
For information about Refer to
The location of the serial port A connector Figure 16, page 47
1.8.2 Parallel Port
The 25-pin D-Sub parallel port connector is located on the back panel. Use the BIOS Setup
program to set the parallel port mode.
For information about Refer to
The location of the parallel port connector Figure 16, page 47
1.8.3 Diskette Drive Controller
The legacy I/O controller supports one diskette drive. Use the BIOS Setup program to configure
the diskette drive interface.
For information about Refer to
The location of the diskette drive connector Figure 17, page 48
1.8.4 Keyboard and Mouse Interface
PS/2 keyboard and mouse connectors are located on the back panel.
NOTE
The keyboard is supported in the bottom PS/2 connector and the mouse is supported in the top PS/2
connector. Power to the computer should be turned off before a keyboard or mouse is connected or
disconnected.
For information about Refer to
The location of the keyboard and mouse connectors Figure 16, page 47
25
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
1.9 Audio Subsystem
The board supports the Intel® High Definition audio subsystem based on the Sigmatel* 9220 audio
codec. The audio subsystem supports the following features:
• Advanced jack sense for the back panel audio jacks that enables the audio codec to recognize
the device that is connected to an audio port. The back panel audio jacks are capable of
retasking according to user’s definition, or can be automatically switched depending on the
recognized device type.
• Stereo input and output for all back panel jacks
• Line out and Mic in functions for front panel audio jacks
• A signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 95 dB
1.9.1 Audio Subsystem Software
Audio software and drivers are available from Intel’s World Wide Web site.
For information about Refer to
Obtaining audio software and drivers Section 1.2, page 15
1.9.2 Audio Connectors
The board contains audio connectors on both the back panel and the component side of the board.
The front panel audio connector provides mic in and line out signals for the front panel.
For information about Refer to
The location of the front panel audio connector Figure 17, page 48
The signal names of the front panel audio connector Table 18, page 50
The back panel audio connectors Section 2.8.1, page 47
26
Product Description
1.9.3 6-Channel (5.1) Audio Subsystem
The 6-channel (5.1) audio subsystem includes the following:
• Intel 82801G I/O Controller Hub (ICH7)
• Sigmatel 9220 audio codec
• Microphone input that supports a single dynamic, condenser, or electret microphone
The back panel audio connectors are configurable through the audio device drivers. The available
configurable audio ports are shown in Figure 9.
Back Panel
Audio Connectors
Line In/
Line Out
Front Panel
Audio Connectors
Mic In
Retasking Jack
Line Out/
Retasking Jack
Mic In/
Retasking Jack
OM17560
Figure 9. Front/Back Panel Audio Connector Options for 6-Channel (5.1) Audio Subsystem
Figure 10 is a block diagram of the 6-channel (5.1) audio subsystem.
82801G
I/O Controller
Hub
(ICH7)
Intel
High Definition
Audio Link
Sigmatel
9220
Audio Codec
Line Out
Mic In
Line In/Retasking Jack
Line Out/Retasking Jack
Mic In/Retasking Jack
Front
Panel
Back
Panel
Figure 10. 6-Channel (5.1) Audio Subsystem Block Diagram
For information about Refer to
The back panel audio connectors Section 2.8.1, page 47
OM17818
27
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
1.10 LAN Subsystem
The LAN subsystem consists of the following:
• Physical layer interface device. As a manufacturing option, the board includes one of the
following LAN devices:
⎯ Intel 82562GX PLC for 10/100 Mbits/sec Ethernet LAN connectivity
⎯ Intel 82573V/82574V for Gigabit (10/100/1000 Mbits/sec) Ethernet LAN connectivity
• RJ-45 LAN connector with integrated status LEDs
Additional features of the LAN subsystem include:
• CSMA/CD protocol engine
• LAN connect interface that supports the 82562GX
• PCI Conventional bus power management
⎯ Supports ACPI technology
⎯ Supports LAN wake capabilities
1.10.1 LAN Subsystem Software
LAN software and drivers are available from Intel’s World Wide Web site.
For information about Refer to
Obtaining LAN software and drivers Section 1.2, page 15
28
1.10.2 10/100 Mbits/sec LAN Subsystem
The 10/100 Mbits/sec LAN subsystem consists of the following:
• Intel 82801G ICH7
• Intel 82562GX PLC
• RJ-45 LAN connector with integrated status LEDs.
1.10.2.1 Intel® 82562GX Physical Layer Interface Device
The Intel 82562GX provides the following functions:
• 10/100 Ethernet LAN connectivity
• Full device driver compatibility
• Programmable transit threshold
• Configuration EEPROM that contains the MAC address
1.10.2.2 RJ-45 LAN Connector with Integrated LEDs
Two LEDs are built into the RJ-45 LAN connector (shown in Figure 11).
Product Description
Green LED
Figure 11. LAN Connector LED Locations
Yellow LED
OM15076
Table 5 describes the LED states when the board is powered up and the 10/100 Mbits/sec LAN
subsystem is operating.
Table 5. LAN Connector LED States
LED Color LED State Condition
Green
Off LAN link is not established.
On LAN link is established.
Blinking LAN activity is occurring.
Off 10 Mbits/sec data rate is selected. Yellow
On 100 Mbits/sec data rate is selected.
29
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
1.10.3 Gigabit LAN Subsystem
The Gigabit (10/100/1000 Mbits/sec) LAN subsystem includes the Intel 82573V/82574V controller
and an RJ-45 LAN connector with integrated status LEDs.
1.10.3.1 Intel® 82573V/82574V Gigabit Ethernet Controller
The Intel 82573V/82574V Gigabit Ethernet Controller supports the following features:
• PCI Express link
• 10/100/1000 IEEE 802.3 compliant
• Compliant to IEEE 802.3x flow control support
• Jumbo frame support
• TCP, IP, UDP checksum offload
• Transmit TCP segmentation
• Advanced packet filtering
• Full device driver compatibility
• PCI Express Power Management Support
1.10.3.2 RJ-45 LAN Connector with Integrated LEDs
Two LEDs are built into the RJ-45 LAN connector (as shown in Figure 12). Table 6 describes the
LED states when the board is powered up and the Gigabit LAN subsystem is operating.
Green LED
Figure 12. LAN Connector LED Locations
Table 6. LAN Connector LED States
LED Color LED State Condition
Off LAN link is not established.
Left Green
N/A Off 10 Mbits/sec data rate is selected.
Right
Green On 100 Mbits/sec data rate is selected.
Yellow
On LAN link is established.
Blinking LAN activity is occurring.
On
Green/Yellow LED
OM16513
1000 Mbits/sec data rate is selected.
30
Product Description
1.11 Hardware Management Subsystem
The hardware management features enable the board to be compatible with the Wired for
Management (WfM) specification. The board has several hardware management features,
including the following:
• Chassis intrusion detection
• Fan monitoring and control (through the hardware monitoring and fan control ASIC)
• Thermal and voltage monitoring
1.11.1 Hardware Monitoring and Fan Control ASIC
The features of the hardware monitoring and fan control ASIC include:
• Internal ambient temperature sensor
• Two remote thermal diode sensors for direct monitoring of processor temperature and ambient
temperature sensing
• Power supply monitoring of five voltages (+5 V, +12 V, +3.3 VSB, +1.5 V, and +VCCP) to
detect levels above or below acceptable values
• Thermally monitored closed-loop fan control, for all three fans, that can adjust the fan speed or
switch the fans on or off as needed
• SMBus interface
For information about Refer to
The location of the fan connectors and sensors for thermal monitoring Figure 13, page 32
1.11.2 Chassis Intrusion and Detection
The board supports a chassis security feature that detects if the chassis cover is removed. The
security feature uses a mechanical switch on the chassis that attaches to the chassis intrusion
connector. When the chassis cover is removed, the mechanical switch is in the closed position.
1.11.3 Fan Monitoring
Fan monitoring can be implemented using Intel Desktop Utilities or third-party software. The level
of monitoring and control is dependent on the hardware monitoring ASIC used with the board.
For information about Refer to
The functions of the fan connectors Section 1.12.2.2, page 36
31
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
1.11.4 Thermal Monitoring
Figure 13 shows the location of the sensors and fan connectors.
4
1
1
3
A
B
Item Description
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Remote ambient temperature sensor
Thermal diode, located on processor die
Ambient temperature sensor, internal to hardware monitoring and fan control ASIC
Processor fan
Rear chassis fan
Front chassis fan
Auxiliary fan (optional)
Figure 13. Thermal Sensors and Fan Connectors
4
1
1
3
C
D
EFG
OM17954
32
Product Description
1.12 Power Management
Power management is implemented at several levels, including:
• Software support through Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI)
• Hardware support:
⎯ Power connector
⎯ Fan connectors
⎯ LAN wake capabilities
⎯ Instantly Available PC technology
⎯ Resume on Ring
⎯ Wake from USB
⎯ Wake from PS/2 devices
⎯ Power Management Event signal (PME#) wake-up support
1.12.1 ACPI
ACPI gives the operating system direct control over the power management and Plug and Play
functions of a computer. The use of ACPI with this board requires an operating system that
provides full ACPI support. ACPI features include:
• Plug and Play (including bus and device enumeration)
• Power management control of individual devices, add-in boards (some add-in boards may
require an ACPI-aware driver), video displays, and hard disk drives
• Methods for achieving less than 15-watt system operation in the power-on/standby
sleeping state
• A Soft-off feature that enables the operating system to power-off the computer
• Support for multiple wake-up events (see Table 9 on page 35)
• Support for a front panel power and sleep mode switch
Table 7 lists the system states based on how long the power switch is pressed, depending on how
ACPI is configured with an ACPI-aware operating system.
Table 7. Effects of Pressing the Power Switch
If the system is in this state…
Off
(ACPI G2/G5 – Soft off)
On
(ACPI G0 – working state)
On
(ACPI G0 – working state)
Sleep
(ACPI G1 – sleeping state)
Sleep
(ACPI G1 – sleeping state)
…and the power switch is
pressed for
Less than four seconds Power-on
Less than four seconds Soft-off/Standby
More than four seconds Fail safe power-off
Less than four seconds Wake-up
More than four seconds Power-off
…the system enters this state
(ACPI G0 – working state)
(ACPI G1 – sleeping state)
(ACPI G2/G5 – Soft off)
(ACPI G0 – working state)
(ACPI G2/G5 – Soft off)
33
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
1.12.1.1 System States and Power States
Under ACPI, the operating system directs all system and device power state transitions. The
operating system puts devices in and out of low-power states based on user preferences and
knowledge of how devices are being used by applications. Devices that are not being used can be
turned off. The operating system uses information from applications and user settings to put the
system as a whole into a low-power state.
Table 8 lists the power states supported by the board along with the associated system power
targets. See the ACPI specification for a complete description of the various system and power
states.
Table 8. Power States and Targeted System Power
Global States Sleeping States
G0 – working
state
G1 – sleeping
state
G1 – sleeping
state
G1 – sleeping
state
G2/S5 S5 – Soft off.
G3 –
mechanical off
AC power is
disconnected
from the
computer.
Notes:
1. Total system power is dependent on the system configuration, including add-in boards and peripherals powered
by the system chassis’ power supply.
2. Dependent on the standby power consumption of wake-up devices used in the system.
S0 – working C0 – working D0 – working state. Full power > 30 W
S1 – Processor
stopped
S3 – Suspend to
RAM. Context
saved to RAM.
S4 – Suspend to
disk. Context
saved to disk.
Context not saved.
Cold boot is
required.
No power to the
system.
Processor
States
C1 – stop
grant
No power D3 – no power
No power D3 – no power
No power D3 – no power
No power D3 – no power for
Device States
D1, D2, D3 – device
specification
specific.
except for wake-up
logic.
except for wake-up
logic.
except for wake-up
logic.
wake-up logic,
except when
provided by battery
or external source.
Targeted System
(Note 1)
Power
5 W < power < 52.5 W
Power < 5 W
Power < 5 W
Power < 5 W
No power to the system.
Service can be
performed safely.
(Note 2)
(Note 2)
(Note 2)
1.12.1.2 One-Watt Standby
In 2001, the U.S. government issued an executive order requiring a reduction in power for
appliances and personal computers. This board meets that requirement by operating at 1 W (or
less) in S5 (Standby) mode. One-Watt operation applies only to the S5 state when the computer is
turned off, but still connected to AC power. One-Watt operation does not apply to the S3 (Suspend
to RAM) or S4 (Suspend to disk) states.
Newer energy-efficient power supplies using less than 0.5 W (in Standby mode) may also be
needed to achieve this goal.
34
Product Description
1.12.1.3 Wake-up Devices and Events
Table 9 lists the devices or specific events that can wake the computer from specific states.
Table 9. Wake-up Devices and Events
These devices/events can wake up the computer… …from this state
LAN S1, S3, S4, S5
Modem (back panel Serial Port A) S1, S3
PME# signal S1, S3, S4, S5
Power switch S1, S3, S4, S5
PS/2 devices S1, S3
RTC alarm S1, S3, S4, S5
USB S1, S3
WAKE# signal S1, S3, S4, S5
Note: For LAN and PME# signal, S5 is disabled by default in the BIOS Setup program. Setting this option to Power On
NOTE
will enable a wake-up event from LAN in the S5 state.
The use of these wake-up events from an ACPI state requires an operating system that provides full
ACPI support. In addition, software, drivers, and peripherals must fully support ACPI wake
events.
(Note)
(Note)
1.12.2 Hardware Support
CAUTION
Ensure that the power supply provides adequate +5 V standby current if LAN wake capabilities and
Instantly Available PC technology features are used. Failure to do so can damage the power
supply. The total amount of standby current required depends on the wake devices supported and
manufacturing options.
The board provides several power management hardware features, including:
• Power connector
• Fan connectors
• LAN wake capabilities
• Instantly Available PC technology
• Resume on Ring
• Wake from USB
• Wake from PS/2 keyboard
• PME# signal wake-up support
• WAKE# signal wake-up support
LAN wake capabilities and Instantly Available PC technology require power from the +5 V
standby line.
Resume on Ring enables telephony devices to access the computer when it is in a power-managed
state. The method used depends on the type of telephony device (external or internal).
35
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
NOTE
The use of Resume on Ring and Wake from USB technologies from an ACPI state requires an
operating system that provides full ACPI support.
1.12.2.1 Power Connector
ATX12V-compliant power supplies can turn off the system power through system control. When
an ACPI-enabled system receives the correct command, the power supply removes all non-standby
voltages.
When resuming from an AC power failure, the computer returns to the power state it was in before
power was interrupted (on or off). The computer’s response can be set using the Last Power State
feature in the BIOS Setup program’s Boot menu.
For information about Refer to
The location of the main power connector Figure 17, page 48
The signal names of the main power connector Table 25, page 52
1.12.2.2 Fan Connectors
The function/operation of the fan connectors is as follows:
• The fans are on when the board is in the S0 or S1 state.
• The fans are off when the board is off or in the S3, S4, or S5 state.
• Each fan connector is wired to a fan tachometer input of the hardware monitoring and fan
control ASIC.
• All fan connectors support closed-loop fan control that can adjust the fan speed or switch the
fan on or off as needed.
• All fan connectors have a +12 V DC connection.
For information about Refer to
The location of the fan connectors Figure 17, page 48
The location of the fan connectors and sensors for thermal monitoring Figure 13, page 32
The signal names of the processor fan connector Table 22, page 51
The signal names of the chassis fan connectors Table 23, page 51
1.12.2.3 LAN Wake Capabilities
CAUTION
For LAN wake capabilities, the +5 V standby line for the power supply must be capable of
providing adequate +5 V standby current. Failure to provide adequate standby current when
implementing LAN wake capabilities can damage the power supply.
LAN wake capabilities enable remote wake-up of the computer through a network. The LAN
network adapter monitors network traffic at the Media Independent Interface. Upon detecting a
Magic Packet* frame, the LAN subsystem asserts a wake-up signal that powers up the computer.
Depending on the LAN implementation, the board supports LAN wake capabilities with ACPI in
the following ways:
36
Product Description
• The PCI Express WAKE# signal
• The PCI Conventional bus PME# signal for PCI 2.3 compliant LAN designs
• The onboard LAN subsystem
1.12.2.4 Instantly Available PC Technology
CAUTION
For Instantly Available PC technology, the +5 V standby line for the power supply must be capable
of providing adequate +5 V standby current. Failure to provide adequate standby current when
implementing Instantly Available PC technology can damage the power supply.
Instantly Available PC technology enables the board to enter the ACPI S3 (Suspend-to-RAM)
sleep-state. While in the S3 sleep-state, the computer will appear to be off (the power supply is off,
and the front panel LED is amber if dual colored, or off if single colored.) When signaled by a
wake-up device or event, the system quickly returns to its last known wake state. Table 9 on page
35 lists the devices and events that can wake the computer from the S3 state.
The board supports the PCI Bus Power Management Interface Specification. Add-in boards that
also support this specification can participate in power management and can be used to wake the
computer.
The use of Instantly Available PC technology requires operating system support and PCI 2.3
compliant add-in cards, PCI Express add-in cards, and drivers.
1.12.2.5 Resume on Ring
The operation of Resume on Ring can be summarized as follows:
• Resumes operation from ACPI S1 or S3 states
• Detects incoming call similarly for external and internal modems
• Requires modem interrupt be unmasked for correct operation
1.12.2.6 Wake from USB
USB bus activity wakes the computer from ACPI S1 or S3 states.
NOTE
Wake from USB requires the use of a USB peripheral that supports Wake from USB.
1.12.2.7 Wake from PS/2 Devices
PS/2 device activity wakes the computer from an ACPI S1 or S3 state.
1.12.2.8 PME# Signal Wake-up Support
When the PME# signal on the PCI Conventional bus is asserted, the computer wakes from an ACPI
S1, S3, S4, or S5 state (with Wake on PME enabled in BIOS).
37
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
1.12.2.9 WAKE# Signal Wake-up Support
When the WAKE# signal on the PCI Express bus is asserted, the computer wakes from an ACPI
S1, S3, S4, or S5 state.
1.12.2.10 +5 V Standby Power Indicator LED
The +5 V standby power indicator LED shows that power is still present even when the computer
appears to be off. Figure 14 shows the location of the standby power indicator LED.
CAUTION
If AC power has been switched off and the standby power indicator is still lit, disconnect the power
cord before installing or removing any devices connected to the board. Failure to do so could
damage the board and any attached devices.
CR3J1
OM17955
Figure 14. Location of the Standby Power Indicator LED
1.13 Trusted Platform Module (Optional)
The optional Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is a component on the desktop board that is
specifically designed to enhance platform security above-and-beyond the capabilities of today’s
software by providing a protected space for key operations and other security critical tasks. Using
both hardware and software, the TPM protects encryption and signature keys at their most
vulnerable stages—operations when the keys are being used unencrypted in plain-text form. The
TPM is specifically designed to shield unencrypted keys and platform authentication information
from software-based attacks.
For information about Refer to
TPM http://www.intel.com/design/motherbd/sn/
38
2 Technical Reference
What This Chapter Contains
2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................39
2.2 Memory Resources......................................................................................................39
2.3 DMA Channels.............................................................................................................41
2.4 Fixed I/O Map...............................................................................................................42
2.5 PCI Configuration Space Map......................................................................................43
2.6 Interrupts......................................................................................................................44
2.7 PCI Conventional Interrupt Routing Map .....................................................................45
2.8 Connectors...................................................................................................................46
2.9 Jumper Block ...............................................................................................................57
2.10 Mechanical Considerations..........................................................................................58
2.11 Electrical Considerations..............................................................................................60
2.12 Thermal Considerations...............................................................................................62
2.13 Reliability......................................................................................................................64
2.14 Environmental..............................................................................................................65
2.15 Regulatory Compliance................................................................................................66
2.1 Introduction
Sections 2.2 - 2.6 contain several standalone tables. Table 10 describes the system memory map,
Table 11 lists the DMA channels, Table 12 shows the I/O map, Table 13 defines the PCI
Conventional bus configuration space map, and Table 14 describes the interrupts. The remaining
sections in this chapter are introduced by text found with their respective section headings.
2.2 Memory Resources
2.2.1 Addressable Memory
The board utilizes 4 GB of addressable system memory. Typically the address space that is
allocated for PCI Conventional bus add-in cards, PCI Express configuration space, BIOS (SPI
Flash), and chipset overhead resides above the top of DRAM (total system memory). On a system
that has 4 GB of system memory installed, it is not possible to use all of the installed memory due
to system address space being allocated for other system critical functions. These functions include
the following:
• BIOS/
• Local APIC (19 MB)
• Digital Media Interface (40 MB)
• Front side bus interrupts (17 MB)
• PCI Express configuration space (256 MB)
SPI Flash (2 MB)
39
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
• MCH base address registers, internal graphics ranges, PCI Express ports (up to 512 MB)
• Memory-mapped I/O that is dynamically allocated for PCI Conventional and PCI Express
add-in cards
The amount of installed memory that can be used will vary based on add-in cards and BIOS
settings. Figure 15 shows a schematic of the system memory map. All installed system memory
can be used when there is no overlap of system addresses.
4 GB
Top of System Address Space
FLASH
PCI Memory Range -
contains PCI, chipsets,
Direct Media Interface
(DMI), and ICH ranges
(approximately 750 MB)
DRAM
Range
Compatibility
Memory
DOS
APIC
Reserved
~20 MB
Top of usable
DRAM (memory
visible to the
operating
system)
1 MB
640 KB
0 MB
0FFFFFH
0F0000H
0EFFFFH
0E0000H
0DFFFFH
0C0000H
0BFFFFH
0A0000H
09FFFFH
00000H
Upper BIOS
area (64 KB)
Lower BIOS
area
(64 KB;
16 KB x 4)
Add-in Card
BIOS and
Buffer area
(128 KB;
16 KB x 8)
Standard PCI/
ISA Video
Memory (SMM
Memory)
128 KB
DOS area
(640 KB)
1 MB
960 KB
896 KB
768 KB
640 KB
0 KB
OM17140
Figure 15. Detailed System Memory Address Map
40
2.2.2 Memory Map
Table 10 lists the system memory map.
Table 10. System Memory Map
Address Range (decimal) Address Range (hex) Size Description
1024 K - 4194304 K 100000 - FFFFFFFF 4095 MB Extended memory
960 K - 1024 K F0000 - FFFFF 64 KB Runtime BIOS
896 K - 960 K E0000 - EFFFF 64 KB Reserved
800 K - 896 K C8000 - DFFFF 96 KB Potential available high DOS
640 K - 800 K A0000 - C7FFF 160 KB Video memory and BIOS
639 K - 640 K 9FC00 - 9FFFF 1 KB Extended BIOS data (movable by
512 K - 639 K 80000 - 9FBFF 127 KB Extended conventional memory
0 K - 512 K 00000 - 7FFFF 512 KB Conventional memory
Technical Reference
memory (open to the PCI
Conventional bus). Dependent on
video adapter used.
memory manager software)
2.3 DMA Channels
Table 11. DMA Channels
DMA Channel Number Data Width System Resource
0 8 or 16 bits Open
1 8 or 16 bits Parallel port
2 8 or 16 bits Diskette drive
3 8 or 16 bits Parallel port (for ECP or EPP)
4 8 or 16 bits DMA controller
5 16 bits Open
6 16 bits Open
7 16 bits Open
41
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
2.4 Fixed I/O Map
Table 12. I/O Map
Address (hex) Size Description
0000 - 00FF 256 bytes Used by the Desktop Board D945PSN. Refer to the ICH7
data sheet for dynamic addressing information.
0170 - 0177 8 bytes Secondary Parallel ATA IDE channel command block
01F0 - 01F7 8 bytes Primary Parallel ATA IDE channel command block
0228 - 022F
0278 - 027F
02E8 - 02EF
02F8 - 02FF
0374 - 0377 4 bytes Secondary Parallel ATA IDE channel control block
0377, bits 6:0 7 bits Secondary IDE channel status port
0378 - 037F 8 bytes LPT1
03E8 - 03EF 8 bytes COM3
03F0 - 03F5 6 bytes Diskette channel
03F4 – 03F7 1 byte Primary Parallel ATA IDE channel control block
03F8 - 03FF 8 bytes COM1
04D0 - 04D1 2 bytes Edge/level triggered PIC
LPTn + 400 8 bytes ECP port, LPTn base address + 400h
0CF8 - 0CFB
0CF9
0CFC - 0CFF 4 bytes PCI Conventional bus configuration data register
FFA0 - FFA7 8 bytes Primary Parallel ATA IDE bus master registers
FFA8 - FFAF 8 bytes Secondary Parallel ATA IDE bus master registers
Notes:
1. Default, but can be changed to another address range
2. Dword access only
3. Byte access only
(Note 1)
8 bytes LPT3
(Note 1)
8 bytes LPT2
(Note 1)
8 bytes COM4
(Note 1)
8 bytes COM2
(Note 2)
4 bytes PCI Conventional bus configuration address register
(Note 3)
1 byte Reset control register
NOTE
Some additional I/O addresses are not available due to ICH7 address aliasing. The ICH7 data
sheet provides more information on address aliasing.
For information about Refer to
Obtaining the ICH7 data sheet Section 1.2, page 15
42
2.5 PCI Configuration Space Map
Table 13. PCI Configuration Space Map
Bus
Number (hex)
00 00 00 Memory controller of Intel 82945P component
00 01 00 PCI Express x16 graphics port
00 1B 00 Intel High Definition Audio Controller
00 1C 00 PCI Express port 1
00 1C 01 PCI Express port 2
00 1C 02 PCI Express port 3
00 1C 03 PCI Express port 4
00 1D 00 USB UHCI controller 1
00 1D 01 USB UHCI controller 2
00 1D 02 USB UHCI controller 3
00 1D 03 USB UHCI controller 4
00 1D 07 EHCI controller
00 1E 00 PCI bridge
00 1F 00 PCI controller
00 1F 01 Parallel ATA IDE controller
00 1F 02 Serial ATA controller
00 1F 03 SMBus controller
(Note 2)
(Note 2)
(Note 2)
(Note 2)
(Note 2)
(Note 2)
(Note 2)
01 00 00 PCI Express video controller (if present)
Notes:
1. Present only when a PCI Express x16 graphics card is installed.
2. Bus number is dynamic and can change based on add-in cards used.
Device
Number (hex)
Function
Number (hex) Description
00 00 Gigabit LAN controller (if present)
00 00 PCI Conventional bus connector 1
01 00 PCI Conventional bus connector 2
02 00 PCI Conventional bus connector 3
03 00 PCI Conventional bus connector 4
05 00 IEEE-1394a controller (if present)
08 00 Intel
Technical Reference
(Note 1)
®
82562 10/100 Mbits/sec LAN PLC (if present)
(Note 1)
43
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
2.6 Interrupts
The interrupts can be routed through either the Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) or the
Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC) portion of the ICH7 component. The PIC is
supported in Windows 98 SE and Windows ME and uses the first 16 interrupts. The APIC is
supported in Windows 2000 and Windows XP and supports a total of 24 interrupts.
Table 14. Interrupts
IRQ System Resource
NMI I/O channel check
0 Reserved, interval timer
1 Reserved, keyboard buffer full
2 Reserved, cascade interrupt from slave PIC
3 User available
4 COM1
5 User available
6 Diskette drive
7 LPT1
8 Real-time clock
9 User available
10 User available
11 User available
12 Onboard mouse port (if present, else user available)
13 Reserved, math coprocessor
14 Primary Parallel ATA/Serial ATA – Legacy Mode (if present, else user available)
15 Secondary Parallel ATA/Serial AT A – Legacy Mode (if present, else user available)
(Note 2)
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Notes:
1. Default, but can be changed to another IRQ.
2. Available in APIC mode only.
User available (through PIRQA)
(Note 2)
User available (through PIRQB)
(Note 2)
User available (through PIRQC)
(Note 2)
User available (through PIRQD)
(Note 2)
User available (through PIRQE)
(Note 2)
User available (through PIRQF)
(Note 2)
User available (through PIRQG)
(Note 2)
User available (through PIRQH)
(Note 1)
(Note 1)
44
Technical Reference
2.7 PCI Conventional Interrupt Routing Map
This section describes interrupt sharing and how the interrupt signals are connected between the
PCI Conventional bus connectors and onboard PCI Conventional devices. The PCI Conventional
specification describes how interrupts can be shared between devices attached to the PCI
Conventional bus. In most cases, the small amount of latency added by interrupt sharing does not
affect the operation or throughput of the devices. In some special cases where maximum
performance is needed from a device, a PCI Conventional device should not share an interrupt with
other PCI Conventional devices. Use the following information to avoid sharing an interrupt with a
PCI Conventional add-in card.
PCI Conventional devices are categorized as follows to specify their interrupt grouping:
• INTA: By default, all add-in cards that require only one interrupt are in this category. For
almost all cards that require more than one interrupt, the first interrupt on the card is also
classified as INTA.
• INTB: Generally, the second interrupt on add-in cards that require two or more interrupts is
classified as INTB. (This is not an absolute requirement.)
• INTC and INTD: Generally, a third interrupt on add-in cards is classified as INTC and a fourth
interrupt is classified as INTD.
The ICH7 has eight Programmable Interrupt Request (PIRQ) input signals. All PCI Conventional
interrupt sources either onboard or from a PCI Conventional add-in card connect to one of these
PIRQ signals. Some PCI Conventional interrupt sources are electrically tied together on the board
and therefore share the same interrupt. Table 15 shows an example of how the PIRQ signals are
routed.
For example, using Table 15 as a reference, assume an add-in card using INTA is plugged into PCI
Conventional bus connector 3. In PCI bus connector 3, INTA is connected to PIRQB, which is
already connected to the ICH7 audio controller. The add-in card in PCI Conventional bus
connector 3 now shares an interrupt with the onboard interrupt source.
45
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
Table 15. PCI Interrupt Routing Map
ICH7 PIRQ Signal Name
PCI Interrupt Source
ICH7 LAN INTA
PCI bus connector 1 INTD INTA INTB INTC
PCI bus connector 2 INTC INTB INTA INTD
PCI bus connector 3 INTD INTC INTA INTB
PCI bus connector 4 INTB INTA INTC INTD
IEEE-1394a controller
(optional)
PIRQA PIRQB PIRQC PIRQD PIRQE PIRQF PIRQG PIRQH
INTA
NOTE
In PIC mode, the ICH7 can connect each PIRQ line internally to one of the IRQ signals (3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 15). Typically, a device that does not share a PIRQ line will have a unique
interrupt. However, in certain interrupt-constrained situations, it is possible for two or more of the
PIRQ lines to be connected to the same IRQ signal. Refer to Table 14 for the allocation of PIRQ
lines to IRQ signals in APIC mode.
PCI interrupt assignments to the USB ports, Serial ATA ports, and PCI Express ports are dynamic.
2.8 Connectors
CAUTION
Only the following connectors have overcurrent protection: back panel USB, front panel USB, and
PS/2.
The other internal connectors are not overcurrent protected and should connect only to devices
inside the computer’s chassis, such as fans and internal peripherals. Do not use these connectors
to power devices external to the computer’s chassis. A fault in the load presented by the external
devices could cause damage to the computer, the power cable, and the external devices themselves.
This section describes the board’s connectors. The connectors can be divided into these groups:
• Back panel I/O connectors (see page 47)
• Component-side I/O connectors (see page 48)
46
2.8.1 Back Panel Connectors
Figure 16 shows the location of the back panel connectors. The back panel connectors are
color-coded. The figure legend (Table 16) lists the colors used (when applicable).
Technical Reference
I
AC
D
E
G
F HB J K
Figure 16. Back Panel Connectors
Table 16 lists the back panel connectors identified in Figure 16.
NOTE
The back panel audio line out connector is designed to power headphones or amplified speakers
only. Poor audio quality occurs if passive (non-amplified) speakers are connected to this output.
Table 16. Back Panel Connectors Shown in Figure 16
Item/callout from
Figure 16
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H USB ports (two)
I
J Mic in/Retasking Jack [Pink]
K
Description
PS/2 mouse port [Green]
PS/2 keyboard port [Purple]
Serial port A [Teal]
Parallel port [Burgundy]
IEEE-1394a (optional)
USB ports (two)
LAN
Audio line in/Retasking Jack [Blue]
Front left/right channel audio out/Two channel audio line out/Retasking Jack
[Lime green]
OM17956
47
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
2.8.2 Component-side Connectors
Figure 17 shows the locations of the component-side connectors.
BB
AA
192
F
H I J
G
10
1
2
3
1
3
4
4
1
K
L
B
AC
4
1
Z
D E
10
1
2
10
1
2
12
10
Y
X
24 2
23
2
1
40
2
39
1
1
34
33
1
M
RSTUVW Q
12
1
NOP
1
10
1
9
1
1
2
1
13
1
OM17957
Figure 17. Component-side Connectors
48
Table 17 lists the component-side connectors identified in Figure 17.
Table 17. Component-side Connectors Shown in Figure 17
Item/callout
from Figure 17 Description
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
AA
BB
PCI Conventional bus add-in card connector 4
Auxiliary fan connector (optional)
PCI Conventional bus add-in card connector 3
PCI Express x1 bus add-in card connector 2
PCI Express x1 bus add-in card connector 1
Front panel audio connector
PCI Conventional bus add-in card connector 2
PCI Conventional bus add-in card connector 1
PCI Express x16 bus add-in card connector
Rear chassis fan connector
+12V power connector (ATX12V)
Processor fan connector
SCSI LED connector (optional)
Power connector
Diskette drive connector
Parallel ATA IDE connector
Serial ATA connector 3
Front chassis fan connector
Serial ATA connector 2
Serial ATA connector 0
Auxiliary front panel power LED connector
Front panel connector
Serial ATA connector 1
Front panel USB connector
Chassis intrusion connector
Front panel USB connector
Front panel IEEE-1394a connector (optional)
Front panel IEEE-1394a connector (optional)
Technical Reference
49
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
Table 18. Front Panel Audio Connector
Pin Signal Name Pin Signal Name
1 Port E [Port 1] Left Channel 2 Ground
3 Port E [Port 1] Right Channel 4 Presence# (dongle present)
5 Port F [Port 2] Right Channel 6 Port E [Port 1] Sense return
7 Port E [Port 1] and Port F [Port 2]
Sense send (jack detection)
9 Port F [Port 2] Left Channel 10 Port F [Port 2] Sense return
INTEGRATOR’S NOTE
#
8 Key
The front panel audio connector is colored yellow.
Table 19. Chassis Intrusion Connector
Pin Signal Name
1 Intruder
2 Ground
(jack detection)
(jack detection)
Table 20. SCSI Hard Drive Activity LED
Connector (Optional)
Pin Signal Name
1 SCSI_ACT#
2 No connect
Table 21. Serial ATA Connectors
Pin Signal Name
1 Ground
2 TXP
3 TXN
4 Ground
5 RXN
6 RXP
7 Ground
50
Technical Reference
Table 22. Processor Fan Connector
Pin Signal Name
1 Ground
2 +12 V
3 FAN_TACH
4 FAN_CONTROL
2.8.2.1 Chassis Fan Connectors
The board has two standard and one optional chassis fan connectors:
• Front chassis fan
• Rear chassis fan
• Auxiliary fan connector (optional)
Table 23 lists the signal names for the front and rear chassis fan connectors. Table 25 lists the
signal names for the auxiliary fan connector.
Table 23. Front and Rear Chassis Fan Connectors
Pin Signal Name
1 FAN_CONTROL
2 +12 V
3 FAN_TACH
Table 24. Auxiliary Fan Connector (optional)
Pin Signal Name
1 Ground
2 +12 V
3 FAN_TACH
4 FAN_CONTROL
Note: The tachometer output is not monitored by the hardware monitoring and fan control ASIC.
(Note)
51
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
2.8.2.2 Power Supply Connectors
The board has power supply connectors:
• Main power – a 2 x 12 connector. This connector is compatible with 2 x 10 connectors
previously used on Intel Desktop boards. The board supports the use of ATX12V power
supplies with either 2 x 10 or 2 x 12 main power cables. When using a power supply with a
2 x 10 main power cable, attach that cable on the rightmost pins of the main power connector,
leaving pins 11, 12, 23, and 24 unconnected.
• ATX12V power – a 2 x 2 connector. This connector provides power directly to the processor
voltage regulator and must always be used. Failure to do so will prevent the board from
booting.
INTEGRATOR’S NOTE
#
When using high wattage PCI Express x16 graphics cards, use a power supply with a 2 x 12 main
power cable. The 2 x 12 main power cable can provide up to 144 W of power from the +12 V rail.
Table 25. Main Power Connector
Pin Signal Name Pin Signal Name
1 +3.3 V 13 +3.3 V
2 +3.3 V 14 -12 V
3 Ground 15 Ground
4 +5 V 16 PS-ON# (power supply remote on/off)
5 Ground 17 Ground
6 +5 V 18 Ground
7 Ground 19 Ground
8 PWRGD (Power Good) 20 No connect
9 +5 V (Standby) 21 +5 V
10 +12 V 22 +5 V
11 +12 V
12 2 x 12 connector detect
Note: When using a 2 x 10 power supply cable, this pin will be unconnected.
(Note)
23 +5 V
(Note)
24 Ground
(Note)
(Note)
Table 26. ATX12V Power Connector
Pin Signal Name Pin Signal Name
1 Ground 2 Ground
3 +12 V 4 +12 V
52
Technical Reference
2.8.2.3 Add-in Card Connectors
The board has the following add-in card connectors:
• PCI Express x16: one connector supporting simultaneous transfer speeds up to 8 GBytes/sec.
• PCI Express x1: two PCI Express x1 connectors. The x1 interfaces support simultaneous
transfer speeds up to 500 MBytes/sec.
• PCI Conventional (rev 2.3 compliant) bus: four PCI Conventional bus add-in card connectors.
The SMBus is routed to PCI Conventional bus connector 2 only (ATX expansion slot 6). PCI
Conventional bus add-in cards with SMBus support can access sensor data and other
information residing on the board.
Note the following considerations for the PCI Conventional bus connectors:
• All of the PCI Conventional bus connectors are bus master capable.
• SMBus signals are routed to PCI Conventional bus connector 2. This enables PCI
Conventional bus add-in boards with SMBus support to access sensor data on the boards. The
specific SMBus signals are as follows:
⎯ The SMBus clock line is connected to pin A40.
⎯ The SMBus data line is connected to pin A41.
NOTE
The PCI Express x16 connector is configured to support only a PCI Express x1 link when the
Intel GMA950 graphics controller is enabled.
2.8.2.4 Auxiliary Front Panel Power/Sleep LED Connector
Pins 1 and 3 of this connector duplicate the signals on pins 2 and 4 of the front panel connector.
Table 27. Auxiliary Front Panel Power/Sleep LED Connector
Pin Signal Name In/Out Description
1 HDR_BLNK_GRN Out Front panel green LED
2 Not connected
3 HDR_BLNK_YEL Out Front panel yellow LED
53
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
2.8.2.5 Front Panel Connector
This section describes the functions of the front panel connector. Table 28 lists the signal names of
the front panel connector. Figure 18 is a connection diagram for the front panel connector.
Table 28. Front Panel Connector
Pin Signal In/Out Description Pin Signal In/Out Description
Hard Drive Activity LED
[Yellow]
1 HD_PWR Out Hard disk LED pull-up
(750 Ω) to +5 V
3 HAD# Out Hard disk active LED 4 HDR_BLNK_
Reset Switch
[Purple]
5 Ground Ground 6 FPBUT_IN In Power switch
7 FP_RESET# In Reset switch 8 Ground Ground
Power Not Connected
9 +5 V Power 10 N/C Not connected
2 HDR_BLNK_
GRN
YEL
Power LED
[Green]
Out Front panel green
LED
Out Front panel yellow
LED
On/Off Switch
[Red]
+5 V DCN/C
Purple
Yellow
Reset
Switch
−
+
Hard Drive
Activity LED
OM17000
Dual-colored
Power LED
+
−
Power
Switch
Single-colored
Power LED
−
+
Green Red
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Figure 18. Connection Diagram for Front Panel Connector
2.8.2.5.1 Hard Drive Activity LED Connector [Yellow]
Pins 1 and 3 [Yellow] can be connected to an LED to provide a visual indicator that data is being
read from or written to a hard drive. Proper LED function requires one of the following:
• A Serial ATA hard drive connected to an onboard Serial ATA connector
• An IDE hard drive connected to an onboard IDE connector
54
Technical Reference
2.8.2.5.2 Reset Switch Connector [Purple]
Pins 5 and 7 [Purple] can be connected to a momentary single pole, single throw (SPST) type
switch that is normally open. When the switch is closed, the board resets and runs the POST.
2.8.2.5.3 Power/Sleep LED Connector [Green]
Pins 2 and 4 [Green] can be connected to a one- or two-color LED. Table 29 shows the possible
states for a one-color LED. Table 30 shows the possible states for a two-color LED.
Table 29. States for a One-Color Power LED
LED State Description
Off Power off/sleeping
Steady Green Running
Table 30. States for a Two-Color Power LED
LED State Description
Off Power off
Steady Green Running
Steady Yellow Sleeping
NOTE
The colors listed in Table 29 and Table 30 are suggested colors only. Actual LED colors are
product- or customer-specific.
2.8.2.5.4 Power Switch Connector [Red]
Pins 6 and 8 [Red] can be connected to a front panel momentary-contact power switch. The switch
must pull the SW_ON# pin to ground for at least 50 ms to signal the power supply to switch on or
off. (The time requirement is due to internal debounce circuitry on the board.) At least two
seconds must pass before the power supply will recognize another on/off signal.
55
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
2.8.2.6 Front Panel USB Connectors
Figure 19 is a connection diagram for the front panel USB connectors.
INTEGRATOR’S NOTES
#
• The +5 V DC power on the USB connector is fused.
• Pins 1, 3, 5, and 7 comprise one USB port.
• Pins 2, 4, 6, and 8 comprise one USB port.
• Use only a front panel USB connector that conforms to the USB 2.0 specification for high-
speed USB devices.
One
USB
Port
Power
(+5 V DC)
D−
D+
Ground
Key (no pin)
2
1
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
Power
(+5 V DC)
D−
D+
Ground
No Connect
Figure 19. Connection Diagram for Front Panel USB Connectors
2.8.2.7 Front Panel IEEE 1394a Connectors (Optional)
Figure 20 is a connection diagram for the optional IEEE 1394a connectors.
Ground
+12 V DC +12 V DC
10
8
7
Key (no pin)
One
USB
Port
OM15963
Figure 20. Connection Diagram for IEEE 1394a Connectors
INTEGRATOR’S NOTES
#
• The IEEE 1394a connectors are colored blue.
• The +12 V DC power on the IEEE 1394a connectors is fused.
• Each IEEE 1394a connector provides one IEEE 1394a port.
56
6
TPB− TPB
Ground
TPA−
5
4
3
2
1
Ground
TPA+
OM17834
Technical Reference
2.9 Jumper Block
CAUTION
Do not move the jumper with the power on. Always turn off the power and unplug the power cord
from the computer before changing a jumper setting. Otherwise, the board could be damaged.
Figure 21 shows the location of the jumper block. The jumper block determines the BIOS Setup
program’s mode. Table 31 describes the jumper settings for the three modes: normal, configure, and
recovery. When the jumper is set to configure mode and the computer is powered-up, the BIOS
compares the processor version and the microcode version in the BIOS and reports if the two match.
3
1
J7J3
Figure 21. Location of the Jumper Block
Table 31. BIOS Setup Configuration Jumper Settings
Function/Mode Jumper Setting Configuration
Normal
Configure
Recovery
1-2
2-3
None
The BIOS uses current configuration information and
3
3
3
1
passwords for booting.
After the POST runs, Setup runs automatically. The
1
maintenance menu is displayed.
The BIOS attempts to recover the BIOS configuration. A
1
recovery diskette is required.
OM17958
57
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
2.10 Mechanical Considerations
2.10.1 Form Factor
The board is designed to fit into an ATX-form-factor chassis. Figure 22 illustrates the mechanical
form factor of the board. Dimensions are given in inches [millimeters]. The outer dimensions are
12.00 inches by 9.60 inches [304.80 millimeters by 243.84 millimeters]. Location of the I/O
connectors and mounting holes are in compliance with the ATX specification.
1.800
[45.72]
6.500
[165.10]
6.100
[154.94]
5.200
[132.08]
0.00
2.850
[72.39]
3.100
[78.74]
5.550
[140.97]
4.900
[124.46]
2.600
[66.04]
0.00
Figure 22. Board Dimensions
6.200
[157.48]
6.450
[163.83]
OM17959
58
Technical Reference
2.10.2 I/O Shield
The back panel I/O shield for the board must meet specific dimension and material requirements.
Systems based on this board need the back panel I/O shield to pass certification testing. Figure 23
shows the I/O shield. Dimensions are given in millimeters [inches]. The figures also indicate the
position of each cutout. Additional design considerations for I/O shields relative to chassis
requirements are described in the ATX specification.
NOTE
The I/O shield drawings in this document are for reference only. I/O shields compliant with the
ATX chassis specification 2.03 are available from Intel.
162.3 REF
1.55 REF
[0.061]
20 ± 0.254 TYP
[0.787 ± 0.10]
[6.390]
159.2 ± 0.12
[6.268 ± 0.005]
1.6 ± 0.12
[0.063 ± 0.005]
7.01
[0.276]
0.00
[0.00]
12.04
[0.474]
22.45
[0.884]
Ø 1.00
[0.039]
11.81
[0.465]
8x R 0.5 MIN
146.88
[5.783]
A
11.81
[0.465]
14.17
[0.558]
OM17960
A
0.00
8.81
20.28
[0.00]
[0.347]
[0.799]
26.91
[1.059]
93.74
[3.690]
113.63
[4.473]
Pictorial
View
Figure 23. I/O Shield Dimensions
59
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
2.11 Electrical Considerations
2.11.1 DC Loading
Table 32 lists the DC loading characteristics of the boards. This data is based on a DC analysis of
all active components within the board that impact its power delivery subsystems. The analysis
does not include PCI add-in cards. Minimum values assume a light load placed on the board that is
similar to an environment with no applications running and no USB current draw. Maximum
values assume a load placed on the board that is similar to a heavy gaming environment with a
500 mA current draw per USB port. These calculations are not based on specific processor values
or memory configurations but are based on the minimum and maximum current draw possible from
the board’s power delivery subsystems to the processor, memory, and USB ports.
Use the datasheets for add-in cards, such as PCI, to determine the overall system power
requirements. The selection of a power supply at the system level is dependent on the system’s
usage model and not necessarily tied to a particular processor speed.
Table 32. DC Loading Characteristics
DC Current at:
Mode DC Power +3.3 V +5 V +12 V -12 V +5 VSB
Minimum loading 275 W 3.5 A 12 A 17 A 0 A 0.34 A (S0)
Maximum loading 500 W 16 A 23 A 29 A 0.20 A 0.34 A (S0)
1.00 A (S3)
1.10 A (S3)
2.11.2 Add-in Board Considerations
The boards are designed to provide 2 A (average) of +5 V current for each add-in board. The total
+5 V current draw for both boards is as follows: a fully loaded D945PSN board (all six expansion
slots and the PCI Express x16 slot filled) must not exceed 14 A.
60
2.11.3 Fan Connector Current Capability
CAUTION
The processor fan must be connected to the processor fan connector, not to a chassis fan
connector. Connecting the processor fan to a chassis fan connector may result in onboard
component damage that will halt fan operation.
Table 33 lists the current capability of the fan connectors.
Table 33. Fan Connector Current Capability
Fan Connector Maximum Available Current
Processor fan 3.0 A
Front chassis fan 1.5 A
Rear chassis fan 1.5 A
Auxiliary fan (optional) 3.0 A
2.11.4 Power Supply Considerations
Technical Reference
CAUTION
The +5 V standby line for the power supply must be capable of providing adequate +5 V standby
current. Failure to do so can damage the power supply. The total amount of standby current
required depends on the wake devices supported and manufacturing options.
System integrators should refer to the power usage values listed in Table 32 when selecting a power
supply for use with the board.
Additional power required will depend on configurations chosen by the integrator.
The power supply must comply with the following recommendations found in the indicated
sections of the ATX form factor specification.
• The potential relation between 3.3 VDC and +5 VDC power rails (Section 4.2)
• The current capability of the +5 VSB line (Section 4.2.1.2)
• All timing parameters (Section 4.2.1.3)
• All voltage tolerances (Section 4.2.2)
61
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
2.12 Thermal Considerations
CAUTION
A chassis with a maximum internal ambient temperature of 38 oC at the processor fan inlet is a
requirement. Use a processor heatsink that provides omni-directional airflow (similar to the type
shown in Figure 24) to maintain required airflow across the processor voltage regulator area.
OM16996
Figure 24. Processor Heatsink for Omni-directional Airflow
CAUTION
Failure to ensure appropriate airflow may result in reduced performance of both the processor
and/or voltage regulator or, in some instances, damage to the board. For a list of chassis that have
been tested with Intel desktop boards please refer to the following website:
http://developer.intel.com/design/motherbd/cooling.htm
All responsibility for determining the adequacy of any thermal or system design remains solely with
the reader. Intel makes no warranties or representations that merely following the instructions
presented in this document will result in a system with adequate thermal performance.
CAUTION
Ensure that the ambient temperature does not exceed the board’s maximum operating temperature.
Failure to do so could cause components to exceed their maximum case temperature and
malfunction. For information about the maximum operating temperature, see the environmental
specifications in Section 2.14.
62
Technical Reference
CAUTION
Ensure that proper airflow is maintained in the processor voltage regulator circuit. Failure to do
so may result in damage to the voltage regulator circuit. The processor voltage regulator area
(item A in Figure 25) can reach a temperature of up to 85
Figure 25 shows the locations of the localized high temperature zones.
o
C in an open chassis.
A
B
CD
Item Description
A Processor voltage regulator area
B Processor
C Intel 82945P MCH
D Intel 82801G ICH7
Figure 25. Localized High Temperature Zones
OM17961
63
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
Table 34 provides maximum case temperatures for the components that are sensitive to thermal
changes. The operating temperature, current load, or operating frequency could affect case
temperatures. Maximum case temperatures are important when considering proper airflow to cool
the board.
Table 34. Thermal Considerations for Components
Component Maximum Case Temperature
Intel Pentium 4 processor For processor case temperature, see processor datasheets and
processor specification updates
Intel 82945P MCH 103 oC (under bias)
Intel 82801G ICH7 110 oC (under bias, without heatsink)
o
C (under bias, with heatsink)
99
For information about Refer to
Intel Pentium 4 processor datasheets and specification updates Section 1.2, page 15
2.13 Reliability
The Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) prediction is calculated using component and
subassembly random failure rates. The calculation is based on the Bellcore Reliability Prediction
Procedure, TR-NWT-000332, Issue 4, September 1991. The MTBF prediction is used to estimate
repair rates and spare parts requirements.
The MTBF data is calculated from predicted data at 55 ºC. The MTBF for the D945PSN board is
108,165 hours.
64
2.14 Environmental
Table 35 lists the environmental specifications for the board.
Table 35. Environmental Specifications
Parameter Specification
Temperature
Non-Operating
Operating
Shock
Unpackaged 50 g tr apezoidal waveform
Velocity change of 170 inches/second
Packaged Half sine 2 millisecond
Product Weight (pounds) Free Fall (inches) Velocity Change (inches/sec)
<20 36 167
21-40 30 152
41-80 24 136
81-100 18 118
Vibration
Unpackaged 5 Hz to 20 Hz: 0.01 g² Hz sloping up to 0.02 g² Hz
20 Hz to 500 Hz: 0.02 g² Hz (flat)
Packaged 5 Hz to 40 Hz: 0.015 g² Hz (flat)
40 Hz to 500 Hz: 0.015 g² Hz sloping down to 0.00015 g² Hz
-40 °C to +70 °C
0 °C to +55 °C
Technical Reference
65
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
2.15 Regulatory Compliance
This section describes the Desktop Boards’ compliance with U.S. and international safety and
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulations.
2.15.1 Safety Regulations
Table 36 lists the safety regulations that the Desktop Board D945PSN complies with when
correctly installed in a compatible host system.
Table 36. Safety Regulations
Regulation Title
UL 60950-1:2003/
CSA C22.2 No. 60950-1-03
EN 60950-1:2002 Information Technology Equipment - Safety - Part 1: General
IEC 60950-1:2001, First Edition Information Technology Equipment - Safety - Part 1: General
Information Technology Equipment - Safety - Part 1: General
Requirements (USA and Canada)
Requirements (European Union)
Requirements (International)
2.15.2 EMC Regulations
Table 37 lists the EMC regulations the Desktop Board D945PSN complies with when correctly
installed in a compatible host system.
Table 37. EMC Regulations
Regulation Title
FCC (Class B) Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 2 and 15, Subpart B,
Radio Frequency Devices. (USA)
ICES-003 (Class B) Interference-Causing Equipment Standard, Digital Apparatus. (Canada)
EN55022: 1998 (Class B) Limits and methods of measurement of Radio Interference
Characteristics of Information Technology Equipment.
(European Union)
EN55024: 1998 Information T echnology Equipment – Immunity Characteristics Limit s
and methods of measurement. (European Union)
AS/NZS CISPR 22 (Class B) Australian Communications Authority, Standard for Electromagnetic
Compatibility. (Australia and New Zealand)
CISPR 22, 3rd Edition (Class B) Limit s and methods of measurement of Radio Disturbance
Characteristics of Information Technology Equipment. (International)
CISPR 24: 1997 Information Technology Equipment – Immunity Characteristics – Limits
and Methods of Measurements. (International)
VCCI (Class B) Voluntary Control for Interference by Information Technology Equipment
(Japan)
66
Technical Reference
2.15.2.1 FCC Compliance Statement (USA)
Product Type: D945PSN Desktop Board
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any
interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference in a residential environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions,
may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful
interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off
and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following
measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.
• Connect the equipment to a different electrical branch circuit from that to which the receiver is
connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Any changes or modifications to the equipment not expressly approved by Intel Corporation could
void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
Tested to comply with FCC standards for home or office use.
2.15.2.2 Canadian Compliance Statement
This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appereil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
2.15.3 European Union Declaration of Conformity Statement
We, Intel Corporation, declare under our sole responsibility that the product: Intel Desktop Board
D945PSN is in conformity with all applicable essential requirements necessary for CE marking,
following the provisions of the European Council Directive 89/336/EEC (EMC Directive) and
Council Directive 73/23/EEC (Safety/Low Voltage Directive).
The product is properly CE marked demonstrating this conformity and is for distribution within all
member states of the EU with no restrictions.
This product follows the provisions of the European Directives 89/336/EEC and 73/23/EEC.
Dansk Dette produkt er i overensstemmelse med det europæiske direktiv 89/336/EEC &
73/23/EEC.
67
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
Dutch Dit product is in navolging van de bepalingen van Europees Directief 89/336/EEC &
73/23/EEC.
Suomi Tämä tuote noudattaa EU-direktiivin 89/336/EEC & 73/23/EEC määräyksiä.
Français Ce produit est conforme aux exigences de la Directive Européenne 89/336/EEC &
73/23/EEC.
Deutsch Dieses Produkt entspricht den Bestimmungen der Europäischen Richtlinie 89/336/EEC &
73/23/EEC.
Icelandic Þessi vara stenst reglugerð Evrópska Efnahags Bandalagsins númer 89/336/ EEC &
73/23/EEC.
Italiano Questo prodotto è conforme alla Direttiva Europea 89/336/EEC & 73/23/EEC.
Norsk Dette produktet er i henhold til bestemmelsene i det europeiske direktivet 89/336/ EEC &
73/23/EEC.
Portuguese Este produto cumpre com as normas da Diretiva Européia 89/336/EEC &
73/23/EEC.
Español Este producto cumple con las normas del Directivo Europeo 89/336/EEC & 73/23/EEC.
Svenska Denna produkt har tillverkats i enlighet med EG-direktiv 89/336/EEC & 73/23/EEC.
2.15.4 Recycling Considerations
Intel encourages its customers to recycle its products and their components (e.g., batteries, circuit
boards, plastic enclosures, etc.) whenever possible. In the U.S., a list of recyclers in your area can
be found at:
http://www.eiae.org/
In the absence of a viable recycling option, products and their components must be disposed of in
accordance with all applicable local environmental regulations.
68
2.15.5 Product Certification Markings (Board Level)
Table 38 lists the board’s product certification markings.
Table 38. Product Certification Markings
Description Marking
UL joint US/Canada Recognized Component mark. Includes adjacent
UL file number for Intel Desktop Boards: E210882 (component side).
FCC Declaration of Conformity logo mark for Class B equipment;
includes Intel name and D945PSN model designation (component side).
CE mark. Declares compliance to European Union (EU) EMC directive
(89/336/EEC) and Low Voltage directive (73/23/EEC) (component side).
The CE mark should also be on the shipping container.
Australian Communications Authority (ACA) C-Tick mark. Includes
adjacent Intel supplier code number, N-232. The C-tick mark should
also be on the shipping container.
Printed wiring board manufacturer’s recognition mark: consists of a
unique UL recognized manufacturer’s logo, along with a flammability
rating (solder side).
Lead – Free Certification
Pb-free certification markings are per the JEDEC spec.
Pb-free symbol - PB_FREE_SILK
e1 symbol (specifies the composition of the solder paste) - E1_SILK
ND
Level Interconnect (used until a board is considered Pb-free per the
2
RoHS definition – This must follow the Pb-free symbol. It is abbreviated
per spec) - 2ND_LVL_INTCT_SILK
260 °C (specifies maximum safe processing temperature) - 260C_SILK
V-0 or 94V-0
Technical Reference
2ND LVL INTCT
260
o
C
e1Pb
69
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
70
3 Overview of BIOS Features
What This Chapter Contains
3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................71
3.2 BIOS Flash Memory Organization ...............................................................................72
3.3 Resource Configuration ...............................................................................................72
3.4 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) ........................................................................73
3.5 Legacy USB Support....................................................................................................73
3.6 BIOS Updates..............................................................................................................74
3.7 Boot Options ................................................................................................................75
3.8 Adjusting Boot Speed...................................................................................................76
3.9 BIOS Security Features ...............................................................................................77
3.1 Introduction
The boards use an Intel BIOS that is stored in the Serial Peripheral Interface Flash Memory (SPI
Flash) and can be updated using a disk-based program. The SPI Flash contains the BIOS Setup
program, POST, the PCI auto-configuration utility, and Plug and Play support.
The BIOS displays a message during POST identifying the type of BIOS and a revision code. The
initial production BIOSs are identified as SN94510J.86A.
When the BIOS Setup configuration jumper is set to configure mode and the computer is poweredup, the BIOS compares the CPU version and the microcode version in the BIOS and reports if the
two match.
The BIOS Setup program can be used to view and change the BIOS settings for the computer. The
BIOS Setup program is accessed by pressing the <F2> key after the Power-On Self-Test (POST)
memory test begins and before the operating system boot begins. The menu bar is shown below.
Maintenance Main Advanced Security Power Boot Exit
NOTE
The maintenance menu is displayed only when the Desktop Board is in configure mode. Section 2.9
on page 57 shows how to put the Desktop Board in configure mode.
71
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
Table 39 lists the BIOS Setup program menu features.
Table 39. BIOS Setup Program Menu Bar
Maintenance Main Advanced Security Power Boot Exit
Clears
passwords and
displays
processor
information
Displays
processor
and memory
configuration
Configures
advanced
features
available
through the
chipset
Sets
passwords
and security
features
Table 40 lists the function keys available for menu screens.
Table 40. BIOS Setup Program Function Keys
BIOS Setup Program Function Key Description
<←> or <→>
<↑> or <↓>
<Tab> Selects a field (Not implemented)
<Enter> Executes command or selects the submenu
<F9> Load the default configuration values for the current menu
<F10> Save the current values and exits the BIOS Setup program
<Esc> Exits the menu
Selects a different menu screen (Moves the cursor left or right)
Selects an item (Moves the cursor up or down)
Configures
power
management
features and
power supply
controls
Selects boot
options
Saves or
discards
changes to
Setup
program
options
3.2 BIOS Flash Memory Organization
The Serial Peripheral Interface Flash Memory (SPI Flash) includes a 4 Mbit (512 KB) flash
memory device.
3.3 Resource Configuration
3.3.1 PCI Autoconfiguration
The BIOS can automatically configure PCI devices. PCI devices may be onboard or add-in cards.
Autoconfiguration lets a user insert or remove PCI cards without having to configure the system.
When a user turns on the system after adding a PCI card, the BIOS automatically configures
interrupts, the I/O space, and other system resources. Any interrupts set to Available in Setup are
considered to be available for use by the add-in card.
3.3.2 PCI IDE Support
If you select Auto in the BIOS Setup program, the BIOS automatically sets up the
PCI IDE connector with independent I/O channel support. The IDE interface supports hard drives
up to ATA-66/100 and recognizes any ATAPI compliant devices, including CD-ROM drives, tape
drives, and Ultra DMA drives. The interface also supports second-generation SATA drives. The
BIOS determines the capabilities of each drive and configures them to optimize capacity and
performance. To take advantage of the high capacities typically available today, hard drives are
72
Overview of BIOS Features
automatically configured for Logical Block Addressing (LBA) and to PIO Mode 3 or 4, depending
on the capability of the drive. You can override the auto-configuration options by specifying
manual configuration in the BIOS Setup program.
To use ATA-66/100 features the following items are required:
• An ATA-66/100 peripheral device
• An ATA-66/100 compatible cable
• ATA-66/100 operating system device drivers
NOTE
Do not connect an ATA device as a slave on the same IDE cable as an ATAPI master device. For
example, do not connect an ATA hard drive as a slave to an ATAPI CD-ROM drive.
3.4 System Management BIOS (SMBIOS)
SMBIOS is a Desktop Management Interface (DMI) compliant method for managing computers in
a managed network.
The main component of SMBIOS is the Management Information Format (MIF) database, which
contains information about the computing system and its components. Using SMBIOS, a system
administrator can obtain the system types, capabilities, operational status, and installation dates for
system components. The MIF database defines the data and provides the method for accessing this
information. The BIOS enables applications such as third-party management software to use
SMBIOS. The BIOS stores and reports the following SMBIOS information:
• BIOS data, such as the BIOS revision level
• Fixed-system data, such as peripherals, serial numbers, and asset tags
• Resource data, such as memory size, cache size, and processor speed
• Dynamic data, such as event detection and error logging
Non-Plug and Play operating systems, such as Windows NT*, require an additional interface for
obtaining the SMBIOS information. The BIOS supports an SMBIOS table interface for such
operating systems. Using this support, an SMBIOS service-level application running on a
non-Plug and Play operating system can obtain the SMBIOS information.
3.5 Legacy USB Support
Legacy USB support enables USB devices to be used even when the operating system’s USB
drivers are not yet available. Legacy USB support is used to access the BIOS Setup program, and
to install an operating system that supports USB.
Legacy USB support operates as follows:
1. When you apply power to the computer, legacy support is disabled.
2. POST begins.
3. Legacy USB support is enabled by the BIOS allowing you to use a USB keyboard to enter and
configure the BIOS Setup program and the maintenance menu.
4. POST completes.
73
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
5. The operating system loads. While the operating system is loading, USB keyboards and mice
are recognized and may be used to configure the operating system.
6. After the operating system loads the USB drivers, all legacy and non-legacy USB devices are
recognized by the operating system, and Legacy USB support from the BIOS is no longer used.
To install an operating system that supports USB, follow the operating system’s installation
instructions.
3.6 BIOS Updates
The BIOS can be updated using either of the following utilities, which are available on the Intel
World Wide Web site:
• Intel
• Intel
®
Express BIOS Update utility, which enables automated updating while in the Windows
environment. Using this utility, the BIOS can be updated from a file on a hard disk, a 1.44 MB
diskette, or a CD-ROM, or from the file location on the Web.
®
Flash Memory Update Utility, which requires creation of a boot diskette and manual
rebooting of the system. Using this utility, the BIOS can be updated from a file on a 1.44 MB
diskette (from a legacy diskette drive or an LS-120 diskette drive) or a CD-ROM.
Both utilities verify that the updated BIOS matches the target system to prevent accidentally
installing an incompatible BIOS.
NOTE
Review the instructions distributed with the upgrade utility before attempting a BIOS update.
For information about Refer to
The Intel World Wide Web site Section 1.2, page 15
3.6.1 Language Support
The BIOS Setup program and help messages are supported in US English. Additional languages
are available in the Integrator’s Toolkit utility. Check the Intel website for details.
3.6.2 Custom Splash Screen
During POST, an Intel® splash screen is displayed by default. This splash screen can be augmented
with a custom splash screen. The Integrator’s Toolkit that is available from Intel can be used to
create a custom splash screen.
NOTE
If you add a custom splash screen, it will share space with the Intel branded logo.
For information about Refer to
The Intel World Wide Web site Section 1.2, page 15
74
Overview of BIOS Features
3.7 Boot Options
In the BIOS Setup program, the user can choose to boot from a diskette drive, hard drives,
CD-ROM, or the network. The default setting is for the diskette drive to be the first boot device,
the hard drive second, and the ATAPI CD-ROM third. The fourth device is disabled.
3.7.1 CD-ROM Boot
Booting from CD-ROM is supported in compliance to the El Torito bootable CD-ROM format
specification. Under the Boot menu in the BIOS Setup program, ATAPI CD-ROM is listed as a
boot device. Boot devices are defined in priority order. Accordingly, if there is not a bootable CD
in the CD-ROM drive, the system will attempt to boot from the next defined drive.
3.7.2 Network Boot
The network can be selected as a boot device. This selection allows booting from the onboard LAN
or a network add-in card with a remote boot ROM installed.
Pressing the <F12> key during POST automatically forces booting from the LAN. To use this key
during POST, the User Access Level in the BIOS Setup program's Security menu must be
set to Full.
3.7.3 Booting Without Attached Devices
For use in embedded applications, the BIOS has been designed so that after passing the POST, the
operating system loader is invoked even if the following devices are not present:
• Video adapter
• Keyboard
• Mouse
3.7.4 Changing the Default Boot Device During POST
Pressing the <F10> key during POST causes a boot device menu to be displayed. This menu
displays the list of available boot devices (as set in the BIOS setup program’s Boot Device Priority
Submenu). Table 41 lists the boot device menu options.
Table 41. Boot Device Menu Options
Boot Device Menu Function Keys Description
<↑> or <↓>
<Enter> Exits the menu, saves changes, and boots from the selected device
<Esc> Exits the menu without saving changes
Selects a default boot device
75
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
3.8 Adjusting Boot Speed
These factors affect system boot speed:
• Selecting and configuring peripherals properly
• Optimized BIOS boot parameters
3.8.1 Peripheral Selection and Configuration
The following techniques help improve system boot speed:
• Choose a hard drive with parameters such as “power-up to data ready” less than eight seconds,
that minimize hard drive startup delays.
• Select a CD-ROM drive with a fast initialization rate. This rate can influence POST
execution time.
• Eliminate unnecessary add-in adapter features, such as logo displays, screen repaints, or mode
changes in POST. These features may add time to the boot process.
• Try different monitors. Some monitors initialize and communicate with the BIOS more
quickly, which enables the system to boot more quickly.
3.8.2 BIOS Boot Optimizations
Use of the following BIOS Setup program settings reduces the POST execution time.
In the Boot Menu:
• Set the hard disk drive as the first boot device. As a result, the POST does not first seek a
diskette drive, which saves about one second from the POST execution time.
• Disable Quiet Boot, which eliminates display of the logo splash screen. This could save several
seconds of painting complex graphic images and changing video modes.
In the Peripheral Configuration submenu, disable the LAN device if it will not be used. This can
reduce up to four seconds of option ROM boot time.
NOTE
It is possible to optimize the boot process to the point where the system boots so quickly that the
Intel logo screen (or a custom logo splash screen) will not be seen. Monitors and hard disk drives
with minimum initialization times can also contribute to a boot time that might be so fast that
necessary logo screens and POST messages cannot be seen.
This boot time may be so fast that some drives might be not be initialized at all. If this condition
should occur, it is possible to introduce a programmable delay ranging from three to 30 seconds
(using the Hard Disk Pre-Delay feature of the Advanced Menu in the Drive Configuration Submenu
of the BIOS Setup program).
76
Overview of BIOS Features
3.9 BIOS Security Features
The BIOS includes security features that restrict access to the BIOS Setup program and who can
boot the computer. A supervisor password and a user password can be set for the BIOS Setup
program and for booting the computer, with the following restrictions:
• The supervisor password gives unrestricted access to view and change all the Setup options in
the BIOS Setup program. This is the supervisor mode.
• The user password gives restricted access to view and change Setup options in the BIOS Setup
program. This is the user mode.
• If only the supervisor password is set, pressing the <Enter> key at the password prompt of the
BIOS Setup program allows the user restricted access to Setup.
• If both the supervisor and user passwords are set, users can enter either the supervisor password
or the user password to access Setup. Users have access to Setup respective to which password
is entered.
• Setting the user password restricts who can boot the computer. The password prompt will be
displayed before the computer is booted. If only the supervisor password is set, the computer
boots without asking for a password. If both passwords are set, the user can enter either
password to boot the computer.
• For enhanced security, use different passwords for the supervisor and user passwords.
• Valid password characters are A-Z, a-z, and 0-9. Passwords may be up to 16 characters in
length.
Table 42 shows the effects of setting the supervisor password and user password. This table is for
reference only and is not displayed on the screen.
Table 42. Supervisor and User Password Functions
Password Set
Neither Can change all
Supervisor
only
User only N/A Can change all
Supervisor
and user set
Note: If no password is set, any user can change all Setup options.
Supervisor
Mode
(Note)
options
Can change all
options
Can change all
options
User Mode Setup Options
Can change all
options
Can change a
limited number
of options
options
Can change a
limited number
of options
(Note)
None None None
Supervisor Password Supervisor None
Enter Password
Clear User Password
Supervisor Password
Enter Password
Password to
Enter Setup
User User
Supervisor or
user
Password
During Boot
Supervisor or
user
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Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
78
4 Error Messages and Beep Codes
What This Chapter Contains
4.1 Speaker ....................................................................................................................... 79
4.2 BIOS Beep Codes........................................................................................................79
4.3 BIOS Error Messages..................................................................................................79
4.4 Port 80h POST Codes .................................................................................................80
4.1 Speaker
The board-mounted speaker provides audible error code (beep code) information during POST.
For information about Refer to
The location of the onboard speaker Figure 1, page 12
4.2 BIOS Beep Codes
Whenever a recoverable error occurs during POST, the BIOS displays an error message describing
the problem (see Table 43).
Table 43. Beep Codes
Type Pattern Frequency
Memory error Three long beeps 1280 Hz
Thermal warning Four alternating beeps:
High tone, low tone, high tone, low tone
High tone: 2000 Hz
Low tone: 1600 Hz
4.3 BIOS Error Messages
Table 44 lists the error messages and provides a brief description of each.
Table 44. BIOS Error Messages
Error Message Explanation
CMOS Battery Low The battery may be losing power. Replace the battery soon.
CMOS Checksum Bad The CMOS checksum is incorrect. CMOS memory may have
been corrupted. Run Setup to reset values.
Memory Size Decreased Memory size has decreased since the last boot. If no memory was
removed then memory may be bad.
No Boot Device Available System did not find a device to boot.
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Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
4.4 Port 80h POST Codes
During the POST, the BIOS generates diagnostic progress codes (POST-codes) to I/O port 80h. If
the POST fails, execution stops and the last POST code generated is left at port 80h. This code is
useful for determining the point where an error occurred.
Displaying the POST-codes requires a PCI bus add-in card, often called a POST card. The POST
card can decode the port and display the contents on a medium such as a seven-segment display.
NOTE
The POST card must be installed in PCI bus connector 1.
The following tables provide information about the POST codes generated by the BIOS:
• Table 45 lists the Port 80h POST code ranges
• Table 46 lists the Port 80h POST codes themselves
• Table 47 lists the Port 80h POST sequence
NOTE
In the tables listed above, all POST codes and range values are listed in hexadecimal.
Table 45. Port 80h POST Code Ranges
Range Category/Subsystem
00 – 0F Debug codes: Can be used by any PEIM/driver for debug.
10 – 1F Host Processors: 1F is an unrecoverable CPU error.
20 – 2F Memory/Chipset: 2F is no memory detected or no useful memory detected.
30 – 3F Recovery: 3F indicated recovery failure.
40 – 4F Reserved for future use.
50 – 5F I/O Busses: PCI, USB, ISA, ATA, etc. 5F is an unrecoverable error. Start with PCI.
60 – 6F Reserved for future use (for new busses).
70 – 7F Output Devices: All output consoles. 7F is an unrecoverable error.
80 – 8F Reserved for future use (new output console codes).
90 – 9F Input devices: Keyboard/Mouse. 9F is an unrecoverable error.
A0 – AF Reserved for future use (new input console codes).
B0 – BF Boot Devices: Includes fixed media and removable media. BF is an unrecoverable error.
C0 – CF Reserved for future use.
D0 – DF Boot device selection.
E0 – FF F0 – FF: FF processor exception.
E0 – EE: Miscellaneous codes. See Table 46.
EF boot/S3: resume failure.
80
Error Messages and Beep Codes
Table 46. Port 80h POST Codes
POST Code Description of POST Operation
10 Power-on initialization of the host processor (Boot Strap Processor)
11 Host processor Cache initialization (including APs)
12 Starting Application processor initialization
13 SMM initialization
21 Initializing a chipset component
22 Reading SPD from memory DIMMs
23 Detecting presence of memory DIMMs
24 Programming timing parameters in the memory controller and the DIMMs
25 Configuring memory
26 Optimizing memory settings
27 Initializing memory, such as ECC init
28 Testing memory
50 Enumerating PCI busses
51 Allocating resources to PCI bus
52 Hot Plug PCI controller initialization
53 – 57 Reserved for PCI Bus
58 Resetting USB bus
59 Reserved for USB
5A Resetting PATA/SATA bus and all devices
5B Reserved for ATA
5C Resetting SMBUS
5D Reserved for SMBUS
70 Resetting the VGA controller
71 Disabling the VGA controller
72 Enabling the VGA controller
78 Resetting the console controller
79 Disabling the console controller
7A Enabling the console controller
Host Processor
Chipset
Memory
PCI Bus
USB
ATA/ATAPI/SATA
SMBus
Local Console
Remote Console
continued
81
Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
Table 46. Port 80h POST Codes (continued)
POST Code Description of POST Operation
90 Resetting keyboard
91 Disabling keyboard
92 Detecting presence of keyboard
93 Enabling keyboard
94 Clearing keyboard input buffer
95 Instructing keyboard controller to run Self Test (PS2 only)
98 Resetting mouse
99 Disabling mouse
9A Detecting presence of mouse
9B Enabling mouse
B0 Resetting fixed media
B1 Disabling fixed media
B2 Detecting presence of a fixed media (IDE hard drive det ection etc.)
B3 Enabling/configuring a fixed media
B8 Resetting removable media
B9 Disabling removable media
BA Detecting presence of a removable media (IDE, CD-ROM detection, etc.)
BC Enabling/configuring a removable media
Dy Trying boot selection y (y=0 to 15)
E0 Started dispatching PEIMs (emitted on first report of EFI_SW_PC_INIT_BEGIN
EFI_SW_PEI_PC_HANDOFF_TO_NEXT
E2 Permanent memory found.
E1, E3 Reserved for PEI/PEIMs
E4 Entered DXE phase
E5 Started dispatching drivers
E6 Started connecting drivers
Keyboard (PS2 or USB)
Mouse (PS2 or USB)
Fixed Media
Removable media
PEI Core
DXE Core
BDS
continued
82
Table 46. Port 80h POST Codes (continued)
POST Code Description of POST Operation
E7 Waiting for user input
E8 Checking password
E9 Entering BIOS setup
EA TBD – Flash Update
EB Calling Legacy Option ROMs
EE TBD – Calling INT 19. One beep unless silent boot is enabled.
EF TBD – Unrecoverable Boot failure/S3 resume failure
Runtime Phase/EFI OS Boot
F4 Entering Sleep state
F5 Exiting Sleep state
F8 EFI boot service ExitBootServices ( ) has been called
F9 EFI runtime service SetVirtualAddressMap ( ) has been called
FA EFI runtime service ResetSystem ( ) has been called
30 Crisis Recovery has initiated per User request
31 Crisis Recovery has initiated by software (corrupt flash)
34 Loading recovery capsule
35 Handing off control to the recovery capsule
3F Unable to recover
DXE Drivers
PEIMs/Recovery
Error Messages and Beep Codes
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Intel Desktop Board D945PSN Technical Product Specification
Table 47. Typical Port 80h POST Sequence
POST Code Description
21 Initializing a chipset component
22 Reading SPD from memory DIMMs
23 Detecting presence of memory DIMMs
25 Configuring memory
28 Testing memory
34 Loading recovery capsule
E4 Entered DXE phase
12 Starting Application processor initialization
13 SMM initialization
50 Enumerating PCI busses
51 Allocating resourced to PCI bus
92 Detecting the presence of the keyboard
90 Resetting keyboard
94 Clearing keyboard input buffer
95 Keyboard Self Test
EB Calling Video BIOS
58 Resetting USB bus
5A Resetting PATA/SATA bus and all devices
92 Detecting the presence of the keyboard
90 Resetting keyboard
94 Clearing keyboard input buffer
5A Resetting PATA/SATA bus and all devices
28 Testing memory
90 Resetting keyboard
94 Clearing keyboard input buffer
E7 Waiting for user input
01 INT 19
00 Ready to boot
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